,*APT] #ba ,M>XISM & ,SOCIALISM ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK ,TEXT 3 ,AL?\< (T5 PROCLAIM$ AS AN E/ABLI%$ FACT1 ! CONJUNCTION ( FREE 5T]PRISE & GOV]NM5T PLANN+ DOES NOT REALLY PRODUCE A 0MIX$0 ECONOMY4 ,! COMB9ATION ( AUTOMATIC M>KET RELATIONS & CONSCI\S DET]M9ATION ( PRODUCTION CANNOT BE MORE ?AN A SIDE-BY-SIDE AFFAIR4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T1 ONE MU/ COME TO DOM9ATE ! O!R2 ?IS MEANS ! MA9T5ANCE ( EI!R A COMPETITIVE OR A PLANN$ ECONOMY4 ,BUT TO AVOID ! TRANS=MATION ( ! MIX$ ECONOMY 9TO /ATE-CAPITALISM1 AS WE HAVE SE51 IT IS NOT 5\< TO CURTAIL ITS DOME/IC DEVELOPM5T1 = IT IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO CONSID] ! NATIONAL 9 ISOLATION FROM ! WORLD ECONOMY4 ,! G5]AL TR5D T[>D /ATE-CAPITALISM MU/ BE HALT$ BECAUSE ! CONT9U\S EXPANSION ( ! ONE SY/EM IMPLIES ! CONTRACTION ( ! O!R4 ,& 9 FACT ! COLD W> :I* AGITATES ! WORLD RELATES NOT TO AN EVOLV+ /RUGGLE BETWE5 CAPITALISM & SOCIALISM1 BUT TO A DIV]G5CE ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 P>TLY & COMPLETELY /ATE-ORGANIZ$ SY/EMS ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION4 ,CAPITALISM IS NO LONG] :AT IT US$ TO BE2 & 0SOCIALISM0 IS NOT ! ANTICIPAT$ CLASSLESS SOCIETY ( ,M>XIAN !ORY4 ,! CURR5T POLITICAL & ECONOMIC COMPETITION IS RA!R BETWE5 ! MIX$ ECONOMY & /ATE-CAPITALISM1 & M]ELY F9DS EXPRESSION 9 ! TRADITIONAL IDEOLOGIES ?AT ONCE SEP>AT$ CAPITALISM FROM SOCIALISM4 ,! ID5TIFICATION ( /ATE-CAPITALISM ) SOCIALISM WAS PREC$$ BY ! ID5TIFICATION ( SOCIALISM ) /ATE-CAPITALISM4 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM WAS ! PRODUCT ( A P]IOD ( DEVELOPM5T 9 :I* CAPITAL ACCUMULATION 9DE$ MEANT 9CREAS+ MIS]Y = ! LABOR+ POPULATION4 ,>\ND ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 H[EV]1 IT BECAME CLE> ?AT 9 ITS DECISIVE ASPECT ! ,M>XIAN PROGNOSIS DEVIAT$ FROM ! REAL DEVELOPM5T2 I4E41 CAPITALISM DID NOT IMPLY ! CONT9U\S IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS1 & ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 F> FROM BECOM+ MORE CLASS-CONSCI\S1 W]E 9CREAS+LY MORE SATISFI$ ) ! IMPROVEM5T ( !IR CONDITIONS )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,?IS PROCESS REA*$ ITS CLIMACTIC EXPRESSION 9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> 9 :I* NATIONALI/ IDEOLOGY TRIUMPH$ OV] CLASS 9T]E/4 ,SOME SOCIALI/S EV5 REG>D$ ! W>-TIME 0NATIONALIZATION0 ( CAPITAL & LABOR AS ! BEG9N+ ( ! 5D ( CLASS CONFLICT AS ! DIALECTIC SYN!SIS1 CONTA9+ & NEGAT+ BO? LABOR & CAPITAL 9 A HI<] SOCIAL 5TITY4 ,TO O!RS1 H[EV]1 ?IS WAS M]ELY ! BETRAYAL ( ,M>XISM BY A CORRUPT LABOR BUREAUCRACY4 ,) ! SLOGAN 0,BACK TO ,M>X0 ! LABOR MOVEM5T WAS SPLIT 9TO RADICAL & RE=MI/ W+S4 ,?IS DIVISION HAD BE5 =E%AD[$ 9 E>LI] DISCUSSIONS C5T]+ >\ND PROPOSALS TO DESCRIBE ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE HONE/LY 9 B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC T]MS 9/EAD ( 9 AN \TDAT$ ,M>XIAN PHRASEOLOGY4 ,SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC 0REVISIONISM0 HAD ITS BASIS 9 ! RELATIVELY PROSP]\S CONDITIONS ?AT PREC$$ ,WORLD ,W> ,I4 ,S9CE ?IS V]Y PROSP]ITY WAS 9 ! ,M>XIAN VIEW ONLY ! H>B+] ( A NEW CRISIS1 MORE CONSI/5T SOCIALI/S PO9T$ TO ! IMP]IALI/ T5SIONS AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY RA!R ?AN TO ! GR[+ CLASS H>MONY :I*1 AT ANY RATE1 AFFECT$ ONLY A FEW ADVANC$ NATIONS4 ,! DEBATE BETWE5 0RE=M0 & 0REVOLUTION10 REVISIONISM & OR?ODOXY1 RETA9$ AN ACADEMIC *>ACT] UNTIL W> & REVOLUTION PROVID$ IT ) PRACTICAL MEAN+4 ,M>XIAN 0OR?ODOXY0 BECAME ID5TIFI$ ) ,L59'S ,BOL%EVISM2 & ! ADJU/M5TS ?AT ! RIXIAN MOVEM5T1 ?\< ITS ,M>XIAN PA/ WAS NOT D5I$4 ,FROM !N ON ANY DISCUSSION AB\T ,M>XIAN PROBLEMS WAS A DISCUSSION AB\T ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( ,BOL%EVISM & ITS RELATION TO ! ,M>XIAN CRE$4 ,! SUCCESS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION MADE POSSIBLE AN ALMO/ COMPLETE ID5TIFICATION ( A SPECIFIC ,RUSSIAN V]SION ( 0,M>XISM0 ) ,M>XISM 9 G5]AL4 ,! MORE ! ,RUSSIANS /RESS$ !IR ,M>XIAN 0OR?ODOXY10 ! MORE URG5T IT SEEM$ TO ,WE/]N SOCIALI/S FIR/ TO OPPOSE ?IS 0OR?ODOXY0 & !N TO WID5 !IR DI/ANCE FROM ,M>XISM ITSELF4 ,L59'S 'OR?ODOXY0 HAD ITS S\RCE 9 ! ADAPTATION ( ,WE/]N SOCIALISM TO ,RUSSIAN CONDITIONS4 ,IT HAS (T5 BE5 PO9T$ \T ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY WAS 9 MANY RESPECTS SIMIL> TO ! REVOLUTION>Y /ATE ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,LIKE ,L59 AT A LAT] TIME1 ,M>X HAD FAC$ A BELAT$ B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION UNABLE1 OR UNWILL+1 TO REALIZE ITS [N DEM&S BECAUSE (1 FIR/1 ! EXI/+ REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIALITIES ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & SECOND1 ! IMM$IATE NE$ TO FILI]-DEVELOP$ CAPITALI/ NATIONS ) NATIONAL PROTECTIONISM4 ,?IS FIGELY REACTION>Y GOV]NM5TS4 ,M>X'S POSITIVE ATTITUDE T[>DS B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS WAS BAS$ ON ! HOPE ?AT ! PROLET>IAN ELEM5T 9 !SE REVOLUTIONS MIACT] ( ,WE/]N CAPITALISM 9 #ahdh GAVE ,M>X'S POLITICAL !ORY A C]TA9 AMBIGUITY ) RESPECT TO ! B\RGEOIS & ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTIONS4 ,HE C\LD NOT HELP BE+ GREATLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! =M]1 IF ONLY BECAUSE IT WAS A PRECONDITION ( ! LATT]4 ,?IS AMBIGUITY PAV$ ! WAY = ! CLASS-COLLABORATIONI/ & SOCIAL-RE=MI/ ,M>XISM ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL &1 F9ALLY1 = ! !ORIES ( ,BOL%EVISM4 ,9 ,L59'S VIEW1 ! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE WAS EV5 LESS ABLE TO C>RY ?R\< ITS [N B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION ?AN ! ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN B\RGEOISIE HAD BE52 & ?US ! WORK+ CLASS WAS DE/9$ TO BR+ AB\T BO? ! 0B\RGEOIS0 & ! 0PROLET>IAN0 >E 9 A S]IES ( SOCIAL *ANGES ?AT W\LD CON/ITUTE A 0REVOLUTION 9 P]MAN5CE40 ,! TW5TIE?-C5TURY ,WE/]N LABOR MOVEM5T1 H[EV]1 FAC$ ! *OICE BETWE5 TWO DIFF]5T GOALS3 IT C\LD SEEK A PURELY PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION OR IT C\LD FOLL[ ! PROGRAM ( ,M>XIAN REVISIONISM1 & WORK = A SL[ TRANS=MATION FROM CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM BY WAY ( RE=MS4 ,:ILE ! ,M>XISM ( #ahdh NO LONG] HAD MEAN+ = ! ,WE/1 = ,L59 IT WAS A CALL TO P>TICIPATE ACTIVELY 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & TO 5GAGE 9 WORLD WIDE MOVEM5TS AGA9/ BACKW>D AS WELL AS ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ NATIONS4 ,! NEW SITUATION SEEM$ TO REPEAT ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION ( #ahdh ON A MORE GR&IOSE SCALE1 AFFECT+ NOT M]ELY ! ,EUROPEAN SC5E BUT ! WORLD AT L>GE4 ,9/EAD ( ! E>LI] TEMPOR>Y ALLIANCES ( PROLET>IAN 9T]NATIONALISM ) B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5TS1 !RE N[ EXI/$ A WORLD-WIDE AMALGAM ( REVOLUTION>Y =CES ( A SOCIAL & NATIONALI/ *>ACT]4 ,!SE =CES MID TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 H[EV]1 ,L59'S CONFID5CE 9 ! VALIDITY ( ,M>X'S !ORY ( REVOLUTION F\ND ONLY P>TIAL JU/IFICATION4 ,TRUE1 ! ,RUSSIAN DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION YIELD$ QUICKLY TO ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP2 BUT ! 0REVOLUTION 9 P]MAN5CE0 TURN$ \T TO MEAN ONLY ! SL[ PROCESS ( ! CONSOLIDATION & C5TRALIZATION ( P[] 9 ! H&S ( ,L59'S P>TY4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E D$ICAT$ TO MA9TA9+ !IR P[] POSITION AGA9/ DANG]S )9 & )\T1 RA!R ?AN TO C>RY+ \T A WORLD REVOLUTION DET]M9$ TO 5D ALL =MS ( BACKW>DNESS & OPPRESSION4 ,! FOCUS ( ?IS D$ICATION DET]M9$ ! *>ACT] ( ! *ANGES 9 ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL /RUCTURE ( ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY4 ,! CRITIQUE ( ,BOL%EVISM RE/S ON ! 0B\RGEOIS10 OR CAPITALI/1 ASPECTS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,= ! SOCIAL RE=MI/S1 ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP WAS AN \TRAGE3 IT WAS UNNECESS>Y1 BECAUSE DEMOCRATIC LIB]ALISM ALONE C\LD BR+ PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL *ANGES1 &1 MORE ?AN ?AT1 IT WAS DANG]\S1 BECAUSE ! TYPE ( SOCIAL CONTROL IT CREAT$ ?REAT5$ ! EV5 C\RSE ( PROGRESS 9 ! ,WE/4 ,L59'S DOGMATISM 5VISION$ & 5ACT$ A PROGRAM ?AT W5T F> BEYOND ! NE$ = DEMOCRATIC RE=MS2 &1 BY DO+ SO1 IT DE/ROY$ ! V]Y BASIS = A SUCCESSFUL EVOLUTION FROM B\RGEOIS TO SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,A MORE 9T]E/+ BUT LESS POPUL> CRITICISM ( ,BOL%EVISM CAME FROM ! LEFT4 ,! ANTI-,BOL%EVIK1 LEFT-W+ LABOR MOVEM5T OPPOS$ ! ,L59I/S BECAUSE !Y DID NOT GO F> 5\< 9 EXPLOIT+ ! ,RUSSIAN UPHEAVALS = /RICTLY PROLET>IAN 5DS4 ,!Y BECAME PRISON]S ( !IR 5VIRONM5T & US$ ! 9T]NATIONAL RADICAL MOVEM5T TO SATISFY SPECIFICALLY ,RUSSIAN NE$S1 :I* SOON BECAME SYNONYM\S ) ! NE$S ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY-,/ATE4 ,! 0B\RGEOIS0 ASPECTS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION W]E N[ DISCOV]$ 9 ,BOL%EVISM ITSELF3 ,L59ISM WAS ADJUDG$ A P>T ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY1 DIFF]+ FROM ! LATT] ONLY ON TACTICAL ISSUES4 ,?IS EVALUATION ( ,BOL%EVISM F\ND SUPPORT 9 ! ,L59I/ CONCEPTIONS ( SOCIALISM & ( ! ROLE ( ! P>TY 9 SOCIAL ACTIONS4 ,/ATE-CAPITALISM1 ?AT IS1 ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! PRODUCTIVE RES\RCES1 WAS = ,L59 ! FIR/ & MO/ NECESS>Y /EP 9 ! SOCIAL TRANS=MATION PROCESS4 ,M>X ALSO SPOKE ( ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 BUT = HIM ?IS WAS ONLY A REVOLUTION>Y ACT UND]TAK5 AS A PRELUDE TO ! 9/ITUTION ( SOCIALISM4 ,= ,M>X1 CAPITALISM WAS PRIVATE-PROP]TY CAPITALISM1 & :]E IT SEEM$ TO LOSE ITS /RICTLY PRIVATE-5T]PRISE NATURE1 AS 9 /ATE-9DU/RIES & EV5 9 ! JO9T /OCK COMPANIES1 HE SAW ?IS AS A P>TIAL ABOLITION ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION )9 ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION1 A SIGN ( ?AT SY/EM'S DECAY4 ,HE DID NOT CONTEMPLATE SY/EMS ( /ATE-CAPITALISM SU* AS PREVAIL 9 ! SO-CALL$ SOCIALI/ P>T ( ! WORLD4 ,= ,L591 H[EV]1 0SOCIALISM IS NO?+ BUT ! NEXT /EP =W>D FROM /ATE-CAPITALI/ MONOPOLY OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 SOCIALISM IS NO?+ BUT /ATE-CAPITALI/ MONOPOLY :I* IS MADE TO S]VE ! 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE PEOPLE & HAS TO ?AT EXT5T CEAS$ TO BE CAPITALI/ MONOPOLY40.<#a.> ,MONOPOLY-CAPITALISM ITSELF T5D$ TO TURN 9TO /ATE-CAPITALISM2 SO ?AT1 9 ,L59'S VIEW1 ! FUNCTION ( SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS CONSI/$ MA9LY 9 COMPLET+ ?OSE DEVELOPM5TS ALREADY OCCURR+4 ,! RE=MI/S TOO ?\D CONDITIONS 9 ,RUSSIA1 :I* WAS L>GELY AGRICULTURAL4 ,PRECISELY = ?IS REASON1 ,L59 BELIEV$ 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP MORE FIRMLY1 ASSUM+ ?AT ! C5TRALI/IC DET]M9ATION ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T MI] ! ADVANC$ ECONOMIES ( ! ,WE/4 ,A LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE1 ADDICT$ TO ! TRADITIONAL WAYS ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION1 C\LD NOT DEVELOP ,RUSSIA'S ECONOMY 9 ?IS WAY4 ,BUT ! FUNCTIONS =M]LY ASSIGN$ TO PRIVATE 5T]PRISE & COMPETITION W]E N[ ! FUNCTIONS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE4 ,APPROPRIAT+ P>T ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT & ALLOCAT+ PRODUCTIVE RES\RCES TURN$ ! P>TY :I* HAD F\ ID5TICAL4 ,M>XIAN IDEOLOGY SATISFI$ ?IS NE$ UNTIL ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 CONTROLL]S & CONTROLL$ H>D5$ AGA9 9TO ?AT ( EXPLOIT]S & EXPLOIT$4 ,! SUCCESSFUL C5TRALIZATION ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION SECUR$ BY ! P[] ( ! /ATE MAY ELIM9ATE SOME ( ! SOCIAL ANTAGONISMS ( ! PRIVATE 5T]PRISE SY/EM1 BUT NEW ANTAGONISMS ( EV5 GREAT] MAGNITUDE >ISE ?R\< ! POL>IZATION ( SOCIETY 9TO CONTROLL]S & CONTROLL$2 9 FACT1 ! OLD ANTAGONISMS >E NOT ELIM9AT$ BUT ONLY MODIFI$4 ,! CONTROLL$ MAJORITY CAN IMAG9E1 & 9 FACT IS TOLD1 ?AT ! CONTROL EX]CIS$ OV] !M S]VES !IR 9T]E/S TOO4 ,IF ?IS W]E ACTUALLY ! CASE IT W\LD %[ UP 9 ! RELATION%IPS BETWE5 ! AU?ORITIES & ! POPULATION AT L>GE1 9 POLITICS1 9 FIELD & WORK%OP1 & 9 ! SPH]E ( DI/RIBUTION4 ,BUT NO?+ ?AT W\LD 9DICATE A TR5D T[>D SOCIALISM IS OBS]VABLE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,!RE >E EXCUSES1 ( C\RSE1 SU* AS ! ,M>XIAN PROPOSITION ?AT SOCIALISM PRESUPPOSES A HI< LEVEL ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION4 ,?IS WAS 9 P>T CONTRADICT$ BY E>LY ,BOL%EVIK !ORY1 :I* HELD ?AT C5TRAL PLANN+ W\LD IMPROVE LIV+ /&>DS ALMO/ IMM$IATELY1 SIMPLY BY 5=C+ EQUALIZATION ( CONSUMPTION AT ! EXI/+ LEVEL ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT WAS SU* >GUM5TS ?AT 9DUC$ ! SPOKESM5 ( ! B\RGEOISIE TO CLAIM ?AT ALL ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E ABLE TO CREATE WAS AN 0EQUALIZATION ( MIS]Y40 ,S9CE ONLY ! MIS]ABLE >E 9CL9$ TO BELIEVE 9 AN EQUAL %>+ ( A MIS]ABLE SITUATION1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ELITE SOON REALIZ$ ?AT 9COME DIFF]5TIATIONS S]VE AS 9C5TIVES = GREAT] 9DIVIDUAL EF=T & ?US >E A BLESS+ = ALL4 ,?IS >GUM5T1 :I* JU/IFIES ! 9EQUALITIES ( CAPITALISM ON BEHALF ( CAPITAL =MATION ON ! GR\ND ?AT ! LATT] SATISFIES A SOCIAL NE$1 BECAME ,BOL%EVISM'S MA9 EXCUSE4 ,9 ORD] TO IMPROVE ! LIFE ( ALL 9 ! LONG RUN1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO IMPROVE ?AT ( SOME IMM$IATELY4 ,CAPITAL COMPETITION WAS M]ELY REPLAC$ BY COMPETITION = SOCIAL POSITIONS1 HIDS WILL REMA9 = A LONG TIME TO COME1 UNTIL ! F9AL /EP FROM 0SOCIALISM0 TO 0COMMUNISM0 CAN BE EFFECT$ & ! SOCIALI/ PR9CIPLE1 0TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS WORK10 CAN BE *ANG$ 9TO ! COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLE1 0TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S40 ,MEAN:ILE1 !RE EXI/S 0EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITY10 :I* MAKES ! 9DIVIDUAL RESPONSIBLE = ! IMPROVEM5T ( HIS LOT4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS PR9CIPLE CANNOT BE REALIZ$ 9 A SOCIETY ( WIDESPREAD LABOR DIVISION1 UNEQUAL 9 ALL RESPECTS SAVE ?AT ( 0OPPORTUNITY20 BUT AS IDEOLOGY IT SUPPORTS ! 9EQUALITIES 9 ! 0SOCIALI/0 C\NTRIES JU/ AS IT DOES ELSE:]E4 ,IT IS 9 FACT ! IDEOLOGICAL EXPRESSION ( ! REALITY ( FI]CE COMPETITION = P[] & PRIVILEGE4 ,TO COMPETE IS ITSELF ! PRIVILEGE ( A M9ORITY4 ,! ACTIONS ( ! MASSES >E CONTROLL$ BY A V>IETY ( ORGANIZATIONS >RAY$ AGA9/ !M4 ,BY EXCLUD+ ALL UNCONTROLLABLE ACTIVITIES & EXPRESSIONS ( SOCIAL IMPORTANCE1 ! /ATE P]PETUATES ITSELF UNALT]$4 ,& BY GIV+ P]MAN5CE TO ITS SOCIAL RELATIONS & !IR IDEOLOGICAL & T]RORI/IC BASES IT RETA9S EV]Y SOCIAL CONTRADICTION ?AT GAVE RISE TO IT 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,9 ?IS WAY TOTALIT>IAN SOCIETY REVEALS ITSELF AS ONE ATTEMPT AMONG O!RS TO MA9TA9 ! CONDITIONS ( EXPLOITATION BY MODIFY+ !M4 ,! UNORGANIZ$ CONTROL EX]CIS$ BY PRIVATE CAPITAL IS ABOLI%$ 9 FAVOR ( ! ORGANIZ$ CONTROL ( ! :OLE ( SOCIAL LIFE BY ! OMNIPOT5T /ATE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME A P>ALLEL TR5D DEVELOP$ 9 ! =M ( A /RONG T5D5CY TO IDEALIZE ! NEW /ATUS RELATIONS ASSOCIAT$ ) /ATE CONTROL4 ,?IS T5D5CY S]VES TO UNIFY ! PRIVILEG$ LAY]S & TO DISORGANIZE ! EXPLOIT$ EV5 MORE1 S9CE IT RAISES ! PRE/IGE VALUE ( ADVANCEM5TS & OPPORTUNITIES :I* >E NOT 9CONSID]ABLE 9 TIMES ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION & ECONOMIC EXPANSION4 ,! DIRECTION & VOLUME ( PRODUCTION BECOMES 9CREAS+LY MORE DET]M9$ BY ! SPECIFIC NE$S ( ! NEW RUL+ CLASS4 ,SC>CITY WILL HAVE TO BE MA9TA9$1 :E!R OBJECTIVELY NECESS>Y OR NOT1 9 ORD] TO SECURE A DIVISION ( LABOR :I* LEAVES PRIVILEGES 9TACT DESPITE ALL ! EXI/+ 0EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITY40 ,SU* A SOCIAL SY/EM CANNOT REA* ?AT /ATE ( ABUNDANCE :I* IT SUPPOS$LY DESIRES1 9DE$1 IT MU/ MAKE ?IS ABUNDANCE IMPOSSIBLE 9 ORD] TO SAFEGU>D ITSELF4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS QUE/ION HAS BECOME PURELY ACADEMIC BECAUSE IMP]IALI/ COMPETITION REMOVES OR MITIGATES ! NE$ = >TIFICIAL SC>CITIES4 ,9 ?IS SITUATION ! PRES]VATION ( ! CONDITIONS ( EXPLOITATION APPE>S AS NATIONAL DEF5SE4 ,A SOCIETY :I* C\LD R$UCE ITS NECESS>Y LABOR TO M9IMUM W\LD LOSE ALL OBJECTIVE REASONS = SOCIAL ANTAGONISMS4 ,9 ALL CLASS SOCIETIES1 & ?IS EMBRACES ALL EXI/+ =MS ( CAPITAL-PRODUC+ SOCIETIES1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION.<#b.> WILL BE /OPP$ :5 IT ?REAT5S TO 5DANG] ! WELF>E & EXI/5CE ( ! SOCIALLY DOM9AT+ CLASS4 ,ECONOMIC ABUNDANCE W\LD R5D] ! SOCIAL CLASS /RUCTURE PO9TLESS4 ,! EXPECTATION ( SOCIALISM IS BAS$ ON ! POSSIBILITY ( SU* AN ABUNDANCE2 BUT IT PRESUPPOSES ! ELIM9ATION ( SOCIAL CLASS RELATIONS4 ,?IS CONDITION CANNOT BE A*IEV$ )9 EI!R ! MIX$ OR ! /ATE-CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,9 DI/9CTION TO ! COMPETITIVE ,WE/]N ECONOMIES1 H[EV]1 ! C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMIES ( ,RUSSIA & H] SATELLITES DO NOT SEEM TO FE> ! CONSEQU5CES ( AUTOMATION4 ,!IR PRODUCTION & PRODUCTIVITY >E /ILL BEL[ ?OSE ( ,WE/]N NATIONS1 & AUTOMATION1 TO ! DEGREE POSSIBLE UND] !SE CONDITIONS1 C\LD NOT LEAD TO L>GE-SCALE UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,R\E NOT AS YET 5\< TO RAISE ! SOCIAL AV]AGE PRODUCTIVITY TO ! LEVEL PREVAIL+ 9 ! ,WE/4 ,9 PR9CIPLE1 ( C\RSE1 ! C5TRALIZ$ NATURE ( /ATE-CAPITALISM ALL[S = A WID] APPLICATION ( AUTOMATION TO SOCIAL PRODUCTION PROCESSES ?AN IS POSSIBLE 9 ! ,WE/]N ECONOMIES4 ,& ?IS1 9 TURN1 PROMISES A QUICK5+ ( AUTOMATION CONCURR5T ) ! G5]AL RISE ( PRODUCTIVITY4 ,ECONOMIC PLANN+1 = EXAMPLE1 IS ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT >EAS ( APPLICATION ( CYB]NETICS4 ,:ILE 9 ! COMPETITIVE ECONOMIES 0PLANN+0 IMPLIES 0C\NT]-PLANN+10 9 ! C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMIES PLANN+ MAY BE UNIT>Y1 NATION-WIDE1 & ALL-COMPREH5SIVE4 ,?IS IS :Y MANY ( ! ,WE/]N ADVOCATES ( ABUNDANCE ?R\< CYB]NATION EMPHASIZE ! NE$ = NATIONAL PLANN+4 ,AL?\< ! EXPLOITATIVE *>ACT] ( /ATE-CAPITALI/ SOCIAL RELATIONS IS FAIRLY OBVI\S1 QUE/IONS AS TO :AT P>TICUL> SOCIAL GR\P CON/ITUTES ITS NEW RUL+ CLASS >E ALWAYS RAIS$ ANEW4 ,! ANSW] MAY BE F\ND 9 ! DEVELOPM5TAL PROCESS ( CAPITALISM ITSELF2 S9CE /ATE-CAPITALISM HAS ADOPT$ ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 0CAPITALI/0 & MANAG]1 & BETWE5 0[N]%IP0 & CONTROL1 FROM ! MOD]N CORPORATION4 ,9 ,M>X'S !ORY1 ! CAPITALI/ IS NOT A CREATOR ( VALUE BUT A CONSUM] ( LABOR-P[]4 ,HE IS A CAPITALI/ BECAUSE HE IS FRE$ FROM ! ACTUAL LABOR+ PROCESS4 ,& 0JU/ AS AT FIR/ ! CAPITALI/ IS RELIEV$ FROM ACTUAL LABOR SO SOON AS HIS CAPITAL HAS REA*$ ?AT M9IMUM AM\NT ) :I* CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION AS SU* BEG9S1 SO N[1 HE H&S OV] ! WORK ( DIRECT & CON/ANT SUP]VISION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL WORKM51 & GR\PS ( WORK]S1 TO A SPECIAL K9D ( WAGE-LABOR4 ,AN 9DU/RIAL >MY ( WORKM51 UND] ! COMM& ( A CAPITALI/ REQUIRES1 LIKE A REAL >MY1 (FIC]S 7MANAG]S71 & S]GEANTS 7=EM571 :O1 :ILE ! WORK IS BE+ DONE1 COMM& 9 ! NAME ( ! CAPITALI/40.<#c.> ,! LATT] RETA9S LEAD]%IP1 BUT 0IT IS NOT BECAUSE HE IS A LEAD] ( 9DU/RY ?AT A MAN IS A CAPITALI/2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 HE IS A LEAD] ( 9DU/RY BECAUSE HE IS A CAPITALI/40.<#d.> ,H[EV]1 CAPITAL ACCUMULATION & ! /RUCTURAL & TE*NO LOGICAL *ANGES ASSOCIAT$ ) IT FRE$ 7OR DEPRIV$7 CAPITALI/S 9 9CREAS+ MEASURE ( !IR 9DU/RIAL LEAD]%IP4 ,! 0DE-PRIVATIZATION0 ( CAPITAL BY WAY ( ! CR$IT SY/EM1 /OCK COMPANIES1 PYRAMID$ /OCK [N]%IP1 9T]LOCK+ DIRECTORATES1 HOLD+ COMPANIES1 BUREAUCRATIZ$ MANAGEM5T & 9CREAS+ GOV]NM5TAL DET]M9ATION ( PRODUCTION & CAPITAL EXPANSION REPLAC$ ! 5TREPR5EURIAL CAPITALI/ ) ! MANAG]IAL DIRECTION ( 9DU/RY4 ,! MANAG]'S DECISIONS >E (T5 NOT DIRECTLY DET]M9$ BY CAPITAL [N]S1 EV5 ?\< !Y CONT9UE TO BE DET]M9$ BY ! PR9CIPLE ( PR(ITABILITY4 0,! P]FECTLY BUREAUCRATIZ$ GIANT 9DU/RIAL UNIT10 WROTE ,JOSEPH ,S*UMPET]1 0NOT ONLY \/S ! SMALL OR M$IUM SIZ$ FIRM & 'EXPROPRIATES' ITS [N]S1 BUT 9 ! 5D IT ALSO \/S ! 5TREPR5EUR & EXPROPRIATES ! B\RGEOIS AS A CLASS :I* 9 ! PROCESS /&S TO LOSE NOT ONLY ITS 9COME BUT ALSO :AT IS 9F9ITELY MORE IMPORTANT1 ITS FUNCTION40.<#e.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>X1 CAPITAL EXPANSION IS 9 ! MA9 ! REPRODUCTION ( CAPITALI/S & WAGE-WORK]S4 ,HE REG>D$ ! IDEA 0( SOME SOCIALI/S ?AT WE NE$ CAPITAL BUT NOT ! CAPITALI/S0 QUITE WRONG1 = 0! CONCEPT ( CAPITAL IMPLIES ?AT ! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS ( LABOR - ?\< ! PRODUCT ( LABOR ITSELF - FACE ! LATT] AS P]SONS1 OR1 :AT IS ! SAME1 APPE> AS ! PROP]TY ( O!R P]SONS ?AN ! WORK]S4 ,! CONCEPT ( CAPITAL CONTA9S ! CAPITALI/S40.<#f.> ,AL?\< ,M>X RECOGNIZ$ ?AT 0! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION ITSELF HAS BR\AT$ FROM ! [N]%IP ( CAPITAL1 WALKS ! /REETS10.<#g.> HE SAW ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! MANAGEM5T FUNCTION AS AN 9DICATION ?AT ! CAPITALI/S HAD BECOME AS SUP]FLU\S 9 PRODUCTION AS !Y FELT ! MONEY-L5D]S & REAL-E/ATE [N]S TO BE4 0,A DIRECTOR ( AN OR*E/RA10 ,M>X WROTE1 0NE$ NOT BE ! [N] ( ! 9/RUM5TS ( ITS MEMB]S1 NOR IS IT P>T ( HIS FUNCTION AS A DIRECTOR1 ?AT HE %\LD HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) ! WAGES ( ! O!R MUSICIANS40.<#h.> ,H[EV]1 TODAY'S TYPICAL CAPITALI/ IS NO LONG] ?AT ( :OM ,M>X SPOKE1 & ,M>X'S MANAG] HAS BECOME SOME?+ MORE ?AN JU/ A COMM&+ (FIC] ACT+ ON ! [N]'S BEHALF4 ,! MOD]N MANAG] IS NOT ,M>X'S PROP]TY-LESS 0OR*E/RA-LEAD]0 :O HAS NO SAY OV] WAGES4 ,?\< HE MAY NOT [N ! 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION1 HE IS C]TA9LY A BUY] ( LABOR-P[] & AN APPROPRIATOR ( SURPLUS VALUE4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! WORK]S HE IS CAPITAL P]SONIFI$1 & UND] HIS AUSPICES VALUE-EXPANSION IS /ILL ! PRODUCTION ( CAPITALI/S & WAGE-WORK]S4 ,IT IS ONLY ?AT ! =M] CLASS N[ COMPRISES1 9 ADDITION TO ! CLE>LY DI/+UI%ABLE PRIVATE CAPITAL [N]S1 P>T-[N]S & QUASI-CAPITALI/S AS WELL4 ,BUT ALL ( !SE TYPES1 NONE!LESS1 MAKE UP A DEF9ITE CLASS 9T]E/$ 9 P]PETUAT+ ! EXPLOITATIVE WAGE-SY/EM4 ,! TRANSF] ( 5TREPR5EURIAL FUNCTIONS TO ! MANAG] & ! SUP]FLUITY ( ! CAPITALI/ ALT] NO?+ 9 ! CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,MANAGEM5T FUNCTIONS >E PRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS4 ,! E>LY CAPITALI/ WAS ALSO A 0WORK+ CAPITALI/20 EXPLOITATION REQUIRES LABOR4 ,! 0WAGES0 7I4E4 PR(ITS7 :I* HE CLAIM$ W]E EQUAL TO ! AM\NT ( REALIZABLE SURPLUS-VALUE EXTRACT$ FROM HIS WORK]S & DID NOT DEP5D UPON ! DEGREE ( HIS [N EX]TIONS4 ,! MANAG]'S REW>D1 SE5 NOT AS PR(IT BUT AS SAL>Y1 IS (T5 L>G] ?AN ?AT ( MANY CAPITALI/S4 ,MO/ MANAG]S >E ALSO [N]S ( CAPITAL /OCK1 & ?US EX]CISE BO? CAPITAL & MANAG]IAL FUNCTIONS4 ,! MANAG]'S 9COME 9 ! =M ( SAL>Y1 BONUSES & DIVID5DS1 LIKE ! CAPITALI/'S PR(ITS1 HAS NO CONNECTION ) ANY SPECIAL VALUE-CREAT+ ABILITY HE MAY POSSESS4 ,9 FACT1 HIS POSITION MORE (T5 ?AN NOT RISES ) HIS DI/ANCE FROM PRODUCTIVE WORK4 ,! TYPICAL EXECUTIVE CALLS UPON SUBORD9ATES TO P]=M MANAG]IAL FUNCTIONS & RE/RICTS HIMSELF TO BROAD] POLICY-MAK+ DECISIONS4 ,HIS 9COME REFLECTS ! PRE/IGE ( ! FIRM2 IT MAY NOT BE \T ( L9E ) ITS PR(ITS BUT IT IS UNRELAT$ TO ! FUNCTIONS HE P]=MS4 ,IT IS RA!R >BITR>ILY DET]M9$ - CON/ITUTES A 0POLITICAL WAGE0 SO TO SPEAK - S9CE IT RESULTS FROM ! MANIPULATION )9 & BETWE5 CORPORATIONS & 9DICATES1 9 SOME MEASURE1 ! DEGREE ( CONTROL MANAGEM5T HAS OV] ! CORPORATE /OCKHOLD]S4 ,! GREAT BULK ( CAPITAL IS [N$ BY 9DIVIDUALS 9 ! =M ( SECURITIES1 COV]+ ONE OR SEV]AL CORPORATE 5T]PRISES1 & B\KET4 ,TO A L>GE EXT5T 0CAPITAL [N]%IP0 REF]S ?US NOT TO DEF9ITE P]SONS & !IR CLAIMS UPON P>TICUL> BUS9ESSES & !IR PR(ITS1 BUT TO CLAIMS ( SUCCESSIVE P]SONS UPON A V>IETY ( BUS9ESSES & !IR DIVID5DS4 ,BO? ! CAPITAL ITSELF & ITS P>T-[N]S >E IMP]SONAL2 G5]ALLY1 ! P>T-[N]S KN[ NO MORE AB\T !IR PROP]TY ?AN ITS M>KET PRICES & ! PR(IT EXPECTATIONS BAS$ !REON4 ,! CORPORATIONS !MSELVES DO NOT KN[ ! [N]S AS P]SONS1 SAVE AB/RACTLY 9 !IR NUMB]S4 ,!RE /ILL EXI/1 H[EV]1 SMALL] BUS9ESSES :OSE :OLE CAPITAL /AYS 9 ! H&S ( DEF9ITE P]SONS & FAMILIES AS WELL AS V]Y L>GE BUS9ESSES - 9 ! EXTRACTION 9DU/RIES & 9 REAL E/ATE 9 P>TICUL> - :]E ! :OLE ASSETS >E PRIVATELY CONTROLL$4 ,BUT ! GREAT MASS ( CAPITAL IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! L>G] CORPORATIONS & HAS ! =M ( WIDESPREAD /OCK [N]%IP4 ,?IS TYPE ( [N]%IP IS 9 ONE WAY WIDELY DISP]S$ & 9 ANO!R V]Y MU* CONC5TRAT$ - AL?\< MANY PEOPLE [N SOME /OCK1 A V]Y FEW PEOPLE [N ! GREAT BULK ( IT4 ,! SPREAD ( /OCK [N]%IP HAS HAD NO EFFECT UPON ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! NATIONAL 9COME1 :I* HAS REMA9$ PROPORTIONALLY ! SAME 9 SPITE ( ! RAPID RISE 9 ! NUMB] ( %>E[N]S4 ,AL?\< ! WIDE DISP]SAL ( /OCK [N]%IP HAS BE5 (FSET BY ITS 9CREAS+ CONC5TRATION1 ! FACT ( ! GREAT NUMB] ( /OCKHOLD]S GAVE RISE TO ! CONCEPT NOT$ ABOVE ( 0PEOPLES' CAPITALISM10 :I* PROJECTS EV5TUAL P>T-[N]%IP ( ! SOCIAL CAPITAL = EV]YONE4 ,MEAN:ILE1 H[EV]1 9 ,AM]ICA 7= EXAMPLE7 ONLY #b P] C5T ( ALL %>E[N]S CONTROL AB\T #eh P] C5T ( ALL COMMON /OCK1 & ONE P] C5T ( PREF]R$ /OCK[N]S CONTROL #df P] C5T ( ALL PREF]R$ /OCK4 ,[N]%IP 9 ! L>GE CORPORATIONS IS NOT ID5TICAL ) CONTROL4 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT !RE IS NO WAY = ! #b MILLION /OCK[N]S ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,TELEPHONE & ,TELEGRAPH ,COMPANY TO EX]CISE ANY K9D ( CONTROL OV] ! COMPANY'S TRANSACTIONS4 ,! WIDE DIFFUSION ( /OCK [N]%IP NOT ONLY ALL[S BUT DEM&S M9ORITY CONTROL1 & ! GREAT] ! DISP]SAL1 ! LESS /OCK IS NE$$ TO MA9TA9 WORK+ CONTROL ( A CORPORATION4 ,9 !ORY1 ! /OCKHOLD]S ULTIMATELY CONTROL MANAGEM5T ?R\< !IR LEGAL RIELY1 IF EV]1 BE *ALL5G$4 ,MANAG]S & DIRECTORS ( CORPORATIONS >E USUALLY ALSO %>EHOLD]S4 ,BUT !IR DECISION-MAK+ P[] COMES NOT SO MU* FROM !IR %>E [N]%IP AS FROM !IR POSSESSION ( ! MANAG]IAL POSITIONS4 ,?IS NEW TYPE ( CAPITALISM ALLEG$LY CONC]NS ITSELF ) ! PUBLIC 9T]E/ RA!R ?AN ) PR(ITABILITY4 ,! DIVORCE ( [N]%IP FROM MANAGEM5T SUPPOS$LY SUBORD9ATES ! PR(IT MOTIVE TO ! PUBLIC GOOD4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,KEYNES1 0,JO9T ,/OCK ,9/ITUTIONS1 :5 !Y HAVE REA*$ A C]TA9 AGE & SIZE1 APPROXIMATE TO ! /ATUS ( PUBLIC CORPORATIONS RA!R ?AN ?AT ( 9DIVIDUALI/IC PRIVATE 5T]PRISE4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ 9T]E/+ & UNNOTIC$ DEVELOPM5TS ( REC5T DECADES HAS BE5 ! T5D5CY ( BIG 5T]PRISE TO SOCIALIZE ITSELF4 ,A PO9T >RIVES 9 ! GR[? ( A BIG 9/ITUTION 444 AT :I* ! [N]S ( CAPITAL1 I4E41 ! %>EHOLD]S1 >E ALMO/ 5TIRELY DISSOCIAT$ FROM ! MANAGEM5T1 ) ! RESULT ?AT ! DIRECT P]SONAL 9T]E/ ( ! LATT] 9 ! MAK+ ( GREAT PR(IT BECOMES QUITE SECOND>Y4 ,:5 ?IS /AGE IS REA*$1 ! G5]AL /ABILITY & REPUTATION ( ! 9/ITUTION >E MORE CONSID]$ BY ! MANAGEM5T ?AN ! MAXIMUM ( PR(IT = ! %>EHOLD]S40.<#i.> ,ACTUALLY IT IS ! O!R WAY >\ND3 ! :OLE ( ! NATIONAL ECONOMY IS UTILIZ$ TO SUPPORT ! PR(ITABILITY ( ! BIG CORPORATIONS4 ,AL?\< [N]%IP & CONTROL DO NOT CO9CIDE 9 ! MOD]N CORPORATION1 !RE IS NORMALLY NO DIV]G5CE ( 9T]E/ BETWE5 ! PASSIVE %>EHOLD]S & ! ACTIVE BUS9ESS LEAD]S4 ,BO? >E EQUALLY DEVOT$ TO MAXIMIZ+ ! CORPORATION'S PR(IT4 ,AS = CAPITAL G5]ALLY SO ALSO = CORPORATE CAPITAL3 ITS OP]ATIONS MU/ BE DIRECT$ T[>D PR(IT MAK+ & ! =MATION ( CAPITAL4 ,A LACK ( PR(ITABILITY1 OR LOSSES1 IMPLIES ! EV5TUAL EXT9CTION ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,NOR CAN !RE BE A DIFF]5CE ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 ! [N]S & ! MANAG]S ( A BUS9ESS1 = ! LATT]'S POSITION & 9COME DEP5DS ON ! EXI/5CE & ?US ON ! PR(ITABILITY ( ! CORPORATION UND] !IR MANAGEM5T4 ,= ! MANAG]S TO NEGLECT ! PR(IT MOTIVE W\LD MEAN TO NEGLECT !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,ACTUALLY1 H[EV]1 ! MANAG]IAL CLASS =MS ! L>GE/ S+LE GR\P )9 ! /OCKHOLD+ POPULATION1 SO ?AT !IR 9T]E/ 9 ! PR(ITABILITY ( CORPORATE 5T]PRISE D]IVES AT ONCE BO? FROM ! SIDE ( MANAGEM5T & FROM ?AT ( [N]%IP4 ,AL?\< MANAGEM5T & /OCKHOLD]S HAVE ! SAME 9T]E/ 9 MAK+ PR(ITS1 !Y MAY DIFF] ON ! ISSUE ( !IR DI/RIBUTION4 ,MANAGEM5T1 :I* IS USUALLY COMPOS$ ( COMPANY DIRECTORS & PR(ESSIONAL MANAG]S1 MAY USE ITS P[] POSITION )9 ! CORPORATION TO VOTE ITSELF V]Y L>GE SAL>IES1 EXP5SE ACC\NTS1 BONUSES1 /OCK OPTIONS1 & RETIREM5T P5SIONS AT ! EXP5SE ( ! /OCKHOLD]S' DIVID5DS4 ,/OCKHOLD]S & MANAG]S MAY ALSO DIFF] ON ! QUE/ION :E!R TO RETA9 OR TO DI/RIBUTE PR(ITS1 & ON LONG-T]M POLICIES :I* AFFECT ! DI/RIBUTION ( DIVID5DS4 ,BUT NONE ( !SE DIFF]5CES AFFECT ! PR(IT-MOTIVE ( ! CORPORATION4 ,NOT)/&+ ASS]TIONS TO ! CONTR>Y1 ! P>TIAL OR EV5 COMPLETE DIVORCE ( [N]%IP FROM CONTROL ALT]S NO?+ 9 ! NE$S & NECESSITIES ( CORPORATIONS4 ,! UNCOMP5SAT$ EXPROPRIATION ( PRIVATE CAPITAL ?R\< NATIONALIZATION CON/ITUTES A RADICAL BREAK ) ! PR9CIPLE ( PRIVATE APPROPRIATION ( SURPLUS-VALUE4 ,) ! WAGE-SY/EM UNALT]$1 ! /ATE BUREAUCRACY N[ CON/ITUTES A NEW RUL+ CLASS & ITS MEMB]S 0P]SONIFY0 CAPITAL4 ,9 ?IS SY/EM ! =M] RELATIONS BETWE5 CAPITAL & MANAGEM5T BECOME RELATIONS BETWE5 GOV]NM5T & MANAGEM5T4 ,! ,/ATE BUREAUCRACY IS AS SUP]FLU\S 9 PRODUCTION AS ! CAPITALI/S W]E =M]LY1 BUT 9DU/RIAL MANAG]S HAVE N[ LESS P[] ?AN BE=E4 ,!RE IS /ILL SOME OV]LAPP+ ( MANAGEM5T & CONTROL BECAUSE ( ! 9T]-TRANSF]ABILITY ( GOV]NM5T & MANAGEM5T FUNCTIONS4 ,BUT = MANAGEM5T TO RETA9 ! DEGREE ( P[] IT HAS GA9$ )9 ! PRIVATE 5T]PRISE SY/EM1 NATIONAL PLANN+ MU/ BE PREV5T$2 = MANAGEM5T RELATES TO SPECIFIC 5T]PRISES & CORPORATIONS & NOT TO A NATIONAL1 MU* LESS 9T]NATIONAL1 PLANN+ ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,/ATE-CAPITALI/ REGIMES TREAT ! MANAG] MORE LIKE ,M>X'S 0OR*E/RA-LEAD]0 ?AT IS1 AS ONE 0WAGE-WORK]0 AMONG O!RS4 ,AN OPPOSITION ( 9T]E/ BETWE5 WORK] & MANAG] /ILL EXI/S1 ( C\RSE1 BECAUSE ( ! 9/ITUTIONAL HI]>*Y :I* DET]M9ES 9EQUALITIES 9 P[]1 9COME & PRE/IGE4 ,BUT TO EXPLOIT ?IS SOCIAL DIVISION1 MANAG]S W\LD HAVE TO FIATUS OR )9 ! ,P>TY1 FROM :I* ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS EM]GES & ON :I* IT IS BAS$4 ,SU* /RUGGLES C\LD H>DLY S]VE ! SPECIFIC 9T]E/S ( ONE OR ANO!R 5T]PRISE & ITS MANAGEM5T4 ,!Y C\LD ONLY S]VE !M 9DIRECTLY BY A *ANGE ( POLICY ?AT AFFECT$ ! NATION AS A :OLE4 ,IT MAY BE ?\Y & ! POLICE4 ,HAV+ ?IS ! GOV]NM5T HAS ABSOLUTE CONTROL OV] ALL SOCIAL GR\PS1 9CLUD+ ! MANAG]S4 ,TO AFFECT ! DECISIONS ( GOV]NM5T MEANS TO 9FILTRATE 9TO & TO ASSUME CONTROL OV] ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS OR ! ,P>TY4 ,ALL OP5 SECTIONAL /RUGGLES1 IF POSSIBLE AT ALL1 ?US BECOME /RUGGLES = ! CONTROL ( GOV]NM5T &1 )9 ! GOV]NM5T1 = ! DISPLACEM5T ( SOME P]SONS BY O!RS4 ,BECAUSE ! CAPITALIZATION PROCESS UND] ! WAGE-SY/EM DEM&S AN 9DU/RIAL AS WELL AS A POLITICAL HI]>*Y1 MANAGEM5T IS1 9 A S5SE1 AN EXT5SION ( GOV]NM5T CONTROL 9 PRODUCTION4 ,! MANAG]'S FUNCTIONS >E GE>$ TO MAXIMUM PRODUCTION & !IR SAL>IES >E TI$ 9 ) ?IS GOAL4 ,CONTROL OV] ! NATIONAL CAPITAL - !ORETICALLY ON BEHALF ( SOCIETY1 PRACTICALLY ON BEHALF ( A NEW RUL+ CLASS - PLACES BO? ECONOMIC & POLITICAL P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE4 ,?IS CLOSE COORD9ATION ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL P[] DOES NOT EXI/ 9 ! 0FREE0 OR EV5 ! 0MIX$0 =MS ( CAPITALISM1 :]E POLITICAL =CE IS L>GELY RES]V$ = EM]G5CIES1 AS ECONOMIC CONTROL IS G5]ALLY SUFFICI5T TO SECURE ! EXPLOITATION ( LABOR4 ,:ILE DE/ROY+ TRADITIONAL CAPITALISM ! NEW COMB9ATION ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC CO]CION /R5G!NS ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 ,:ATEV] ! P>TICUL> >RANGEM5TS1 WAGE-LABOR *>ACT]IZES ! /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EM JU/ AS IT *>ACT]IZES ?AT ( PRIVATE 5T]PRISE4 ,&1 AS ,M>X PO9TS \T1 0NO =M ( WAGE-LABOR1 EV5 ?\< ONE MAY BE LESS OBNOXI\S ?AN ANO!R1 CAN DO AWAY ) ! MIS]Y ( WAGE LABOR ITSELF10.<#a.> OR1 = ?AT MATT]1 ) ! CLASS DET]M9ATION ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 #a4 ,L591 ,QUE/IONS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,ORGANIZATION ( ! ,ECONOMY1 ,MOSC[1 P4 #d#f4 #b4 ,BY SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION WE MEAN1 ( C\RSE1 NO?+ O!R ?AN ! ACTIVITIES ( M5 9 !IR V>I\S EF=TS TO 9CREASE SOCIAL PRODUCTION & PRODUCTIVITY4 ,9 CAPITALISM1 ?IS IS DONE ?R\< ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL4 ,BE+ ACTIVITIES ( M51 ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION CAN BE >RE/$ OR FUR!R$4 ,BECAUSE SOCIALISM PROMISES TO BE A MORE PRODUCTIVE SY/EM ?AN CAPITALISM1 ,M>X CONSID]$ ! EXI/5CE & ! EMANCIPATORY EF=TS ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS ! GREATE/ ( ALL PRODUCTIVE =CES 9 CAPITALISM4 #c4 ,CAPITAL1 ,VOL4 ,I41 P4 #c#f#d4 #d4 ,IBID41 P4#c#f#e4 #e4 ,J4 ,S*UMPET]1 ,CAPITALISM1 ,SOCIALISM1 & ,DEMOCRACY1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#d#g1 ,P4 #a#c#d4 #f4 ,K4 ,M>X1 ,GRUNDRISSE1 P4 #d#a#b4 #g4 ,CAPITAL1 ,VOL4 ,I,I,I1 P4 #d#e#e4 #h4 ,IBID4 #i4 ,J4 ,M4 ,KEYNES1 ,LAISSEZ-,FAIRE & ,COMMUNISM1 PP4 #f#a-#f#b4 #a4 ,GRUNDRISSE1 P4 #d#c4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ba -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/