,M>XISM ( ! ,/AMM]]S 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,BATTAGLIA ,COMUNI/A ,NO4 #h1 #a#g-#b ,APRIL #a#i#e#b2 
,TRANSLATION3 ,COMMUNI/ ,LEFT1 ,NO4 #b1 ,JANU>Y-,JUNE #a#i#i2 
,S\RCE3 HTTP3_/_/WWW4GEOCITIES4COM_/,CAPITOL,HILL_/,LOBBY_/#c#i#i_/BORDIGA4HTML2 
,H,T,M,L ,M>KUP3 ,&Y ,BLUND5 #b#c4 

,! DECONTAM9ATION TO :I* WE D$ICATE #i.0 ( \R HUMBLE WORK WILL BE 
CONT9U$ A LONG TIME AFT] US & BE REALIZ$ ONLY 9 ! DI/ANT FUTURE4 ,?IS 
DECONTAM9ATION COMBATS ! EPIDEMIC -- ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E DANG]\S1 
( ?OSE :O -- 9 ALL PLACES & AT ALL TIMES -- 9NOVATE1 BR+ UP 
TO DATE1 R5OVATE & REVISE4 

,IT W\LD BE USELESS & EV5 DETRIM5TAL TO SPECIFY OR TO P]SONALIZE 
-- TO SE>* >\ND = A BACT]IOLOGICAL BOMB ?R[] -- RA!R1 IT 
IS A MATT] ( ID5TIFY+ ! VIRUS ITSELF & ( APPLY+ ! ANTIBIOTIC 
:I* WE OB/9ATELY ASS]T EXI/S 9 ! CONT9UITY ( ! L9E & FIDELITY 
TO PR9CIPLES1 ) PREF]5CE BE+ GIV5 #iii TIMES \T ( A ?\S& TO 
CATE*I/ICAL RUM9ATIONS RA!R ?AN TO ! EXPLOIT ( ! NEW SCI5TIFIC 
DISCOV]Y1 :I* REQUIRE ( US ! W+S ( EAGLES1 BUT TO :I* ALL TOO (T5 
VULG> GNATS FEEL !MSELVES DRAWN BY DE/9Y4 

,IT !RE=E DI/URBS !SE QUIV]+ W+$ CREATURES1 :51 BLUNTLY D[N 
TO E>?1 WE REM9D !M ( ! MODE/ ALTITUDE ?AT IT IS GIV5 TO US TO 
ATTA91 WE TO :OM ALL H]OISM & ALL ROMANTICISM IS =BIDD52 WE1 :O /ICK 
TO IRONY RA!R ?AN LYRICISM1 FEEL OBLIG$ TO REM9D ?OSE :O >E TOO 
IMPETU\S3 ,DON'T PLAY AT BE+ ,PHAETON4 ,IT W\LD BE NICE TO TE/ \T ON ! 
ABACUS ?OSE :O SUFF] FROM ! HY/]IA ( MAK+ PURI/ CALCULATIONS1 TO 
ASC]TA9 IF !Y >E CAPABLE ( ADD+ UP ON ! 5DS ( !IR F+]S OR 
NOT4 

,WOE BETIDE TO ?OSE :O BELIEVE !MSELVES TO BE EXPRESS+ REVOLUTION>Y 
!ORY & :O PRET5D TO BE -- AS IS SAID N[ADAYS -- A M\?PIECE 
( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T1 :O HAV5'T YET DIGE/$ & ASSIMILAT$ ! 
CRUCIAL TURN+-PO9T :]E \R DOCTR9E AB&ON$ TRADITIONAL POSITIONS4 

,WOE BETIDE TO ALL1 BUT ESPECIALLY ?OSE GR\PS :O WI% TO PLACE !MSELVES 
AT ! EXTREME LEFT ( ! MOVEM5T1 & TO P]SONIFY ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ 
DEG5]ATION4 ,IT HAS BE5 F> TOO EASY = OPPORTUNI/S & ?OSE :O 
COLLABORATE ) ! CLASS 5EMY1 TO DEFAME ! 0LEFT0 BY ACCUS+ IT ( BE+ 
PREY TO ILLUSIONS1 SECT>IANISM1 EXTREME =MALISM & ( NOT COMPREH5D+ ! 
OV]ALL DIALECTIC ( ,M>XISM4 

,! RETORT & DEF5SE ( ! 9T]NATIONAL LEFT HAS CONSI/$ & CONSI/S1 
( DEMON/RAT+ ?AT ! REJECTION ( CONCESSIONS1 COMPROMISES & MANEUV]S 
DOESN'T /EM FROM A RELAPSE 9TO MY/ICISM & METAPHYSICS1 LIKE ?AT ( ! 
EXTREMELY SIMPLE *ILD :O1 LIKE 9 ! OLD RELIGI\S BELIEFS1 OP5S ALL DOORS 
) ! KEY ( ONE SOLE ANTI!SIS BETWE5 TWO OPPOS$ PR9CIPLES3 GOOD & 
EVIL4 

,! 0GOOD0 = US W\LD EQUATE ) ! PROLET>IAT1 & ! 0EVIL0 ) 
CAPITALISM3 :I* EV]Y:]E AT ALL TIMES )\T NE$ ( FUR!R REF]5CE 
PO9TS1 IS ?IS SAME CAPITALISM1 AN ABSOLUTE EVIL1 -- ALWAYS ONE -- 
ALWAYS ! SAME4 ,! RE/ A FAIRY-TALE6 ,WE HAVE F\<T = A LONG TIME TO 
DEMON/RATE ?AT WE DON'T REASON ?US1 & ?AT WE HAVE 
UND]/OOD WELL 0! DIALECTIC ( LIV+ HI/ORY0 BY UNMASK+ ! FALSITY ( 
PO/L59I/ OPPORTUNISM1 & BY TRAC+ \T ) SUFFICI5T EXACTITUDE ! 
PA? ( ITS L9E OV] ?IRTY YE>S FROM OR?ODOXY TO TOTAL R5UNCIATION4 

,WE C]TA9LY W]5'T DET]R$ :5 !Y REM9D$ US ?AT ) ! ONSET ( 
EA* HI/ORICAL /AGE ! T]MS ( ! ANTI!SIS *ANGE4 ,= AL?\< = 
BELIEV]S 9 ALL MY/ICS1 GOOD CAN ONLY BEGET GOOD1 & EVIL BEGET EVIL = 
FE> ?AT ! ET]NAL VALUES ET*$ 9 ! LI<T ( ! SPIRIT 
%\LD FALL1 ACCORD+ TO \R REVOLUTION>Y DOCTR9E1 ,COMMUNISM IS ! SON ( 
CAPITALISM & IT C\LD ONLY HAVE BE5 5G5D]$ BY IT & ?AT DESPITE ?AT1 
& EV5 BECAUSE ( IT1 IT MU/ FI<T & OV]?R[ IT4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! 
HI/ORICAL TIM+ ( TURN+ PO9TS & ( REV]SALS ( POSITIONS OCCUR BY 
VIRTUE ( MAT]IAL CONDITIONS & RELATIONS -- NEV] ?ANKS TO ! 
CL[NI%LY VIGILANT WILL ( PETTY M5 OR GR\PLETS1 SELF-APPO9T$ ?R\< 
!IR NEGLIGIBLE CONVICTION ( BE+ 9/RUM5TAL 9 *ECK+ ! PA? IS NOT A 
MI/AK5 ONE4 

,YE/]DAY 

,! SPREAD ( ! 0,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O0 WAS SL[ 9 ,ITALY4 ,9 ! PREFACE TO 
! #a4#b4#a#h#i#c ,ITALIAN $ITION1 ,FR$]ICK ,5GELS WAS CLE>LY AW>E ( ! 
0G5]AL OP9ION0 ACCORD+ TO :I* :AT WAS BE+ DEALT ) W]E A C\NTRY 
& A ,PROLET>IAT ?AT W]E 0BEH9D04 ,A VIEW SO G5]AL & 5DUR+1 ?AT NOT 
LESS ?AN HALF A C5TURY LAT]1 ! SECOND ,RISORGIM5TO1 ! SECOND #a#h#d#h1 W\LD 
/ILL REMA9 0TO BE MADE04 ,5GELS H>K$ BACK AT ?AT TIME TO #a#h#d#h1 TO RECALL 
?AT ?IS REVOLUTION CONTEMPOR>Y TO ! 0,MANIFE/O0 WASN'T ,SOCIALI/1 BUT 
PREP>$ ! GR\ND 9 ,EUROPE = ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION4 

,WE HAVE RETURN$ TO ?IS TEXT TO R$ISCOV] !RE TWO IMPORTANT TRU?S1 
TRU?S :I* >E ON ! LEVEL ( TWO & TWO EQUALS F\R1 BUT :I* IT IS 
EVID5TLY NECESS>Y TO 0RESUSCITATE0 -- NAMELY3 0! MANIFE/O GIVES FULL 
CR$IT TO ! REVOLUTION>Y P>T PLAY$ BY CAPITALISM 9 ! PA/4 -,! FIR/ 
CAPITALI/ NATION WAS ,ITALY04 ,LET US *EW ?IS OV] ?OR\<LY4 ,! 5D ( ! 
FEUDAL MIDDLE AGES & ! BEG9N+ ( ! MOD]N CAPITALI/ ]A IS FIX$ BY 
,5GELS -- NOT ) ,WALT] ,AUDISIO1 ,MUSSOL9I'S EXECUTION]S -- BUT 
) ,DANTE4 

,WE HAVE (T5 SAID ?AT ! 0,MANIFE/O0 IS AN APOLOGY ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 
& WE ADD ?AT TODAY1 ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> & ! REABSORPTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN 
,REVOLUTION1 A SECOND ONE %\LD BE WRITT51 NOT 9 T]MS ( 
PHILOSOPHIES ( VALUES2 = !SE VALUES P\R 9TO ! 
B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY ! IMPLACABLE ECONOMICISM & %OPKEEP]'S SPIRIT 
APPROPRIATE TO ! CLASS & ! TIME4 ,WE NE$ TO V9DICATE ! 
ACCUS$1 9 ORD] TO CONCLUDE ?AT IT IS TIME TO CONDEMN HIM TO 
DEA?4 

,TO PROVE ?IS WE %\LD DRAW EVID5CE FROM ! ,MANIFE/O AS A :OLE4 ,WE WILL 
CONF9E \RSELVES H[EV] TO MEMORIZ+ T5 WORDS3 0! B\RGEOISIE HAS PLAY$ 
AN EM95TLY REVOLUTION>Y ROLE 9 HI/ORY04 

,WE N[ TAKE UP FROM A LAT] PASSAGE4 ,! MA9 REASON :Y ! PRE-B\RGEOIS 
PRODUCTION RELATIONS W]E1 9 A C]TA9 S5SE1 /ATIC REG>D+ ! 
REQUIREM5TS ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 :IL/ B\RGEOIS RELATIONS >E BRUTALLY 
DYNAMIC1 LIES 9 ! BREAK+ D[N ( ! N>R[ CIRCLES ( SATISFACTION ( 
NE$S ( ! AUT>KIC ISL&S ( PRODUCTION_/CONSUMPTION4 ,H]E IS ! !SIS1 
EXPRESS$ SO ( T51 BUT EV] NEW3 0,9 PLACE ( ! OLD NE$S MET BY LOCAL 
7SPELL IT6 ,L-,O-,C-,A-,L7 PRODUCTION1 NEW ONES APPE> :I* DEM& = !IR 
SATISFACTION1 ! PRODUCTS ( DI/ANT C\NTRIES & REGIONS04 

,K>L ,M>X'S 0,CAPITAL0 7:OEV] IS HORRIFI$ BY ! SMELL ( DECAY & 
MUMIFICATION IS 9VIT$ TO SEEK AFT] NEW1 MORE EXALT$ TEXTS7 CONTA9S A 
SECTION1 ! F\R? 9 ! FIR/ *APT]1 :I*1 9 T5 PAGES RESUMES ! 
5TIRE WORK & ITS SUBJECT1 9 FACT ALL ,M>X'S WORK1 WRITT5 & UNWRITT54 
,! SECTION IS 5TITL$3 0! FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES & ! SECRET !RE(01 
AN ILLIT]ATE MANUAL LABOR] CAN EASILY UND]/& IT1 BUT = ! 
9TELLECTUAL :O ATTEMPTS ITS MA/]Y1 FIFTY YE>S ( ELEM5T>Y S*OOL WILL 
SC>CELY BE 5\<4 

,WE W\LD RECOMM5D = 9CLUSION ON ! AG5DA AT A P>TY MEET+1 = 
ANYONE :O W\LD LIKE TO GIVE IT A -- 0TRULY POLITICAL0 F\NDATION1 ! 
READ+ & APPLICATION -- :IL/ LOOK+ \T ( ! W9D[ ( C\RSE 
-- ( *APT] #a1 SECTION #d4 

,M>X WAS FACE TO FACE ) A !SIS ALREADY E/ABLI%$ BY CLASSICAL 
POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,?US HE NAM$ ! S*OOL :I* OP5LY S\<T TO EXPLA9 ! 
NATURE ( NAISSANT CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION )\T GLOSS+ ANY?+ OV]1 09 
OPPOSITION TO VULG> ECONOMY :I* CONT5TS ITSELF ) 
APPE>ANCES 744447 & RE/RICTS ITSELF 9 TRULY P$ANTIC FA%ION TO ]ECT+ A 
SY/EM & PROCLAIM+ AS ET]NAL TRU?S ! MO/ BANAL & /UPID ILLUSIONS1 
) :I* ! AG5TS ( B\RGEOIS PRODUCTION LIKE TO PEOPLE !IR UNIV]SE1 
! BE/ ( ALL POSSIBLE WORLDS04 ,A VULG> S*OOL /ILL ALIVE & WELL TO :I* 
WE MAY 5ROLL ! GREAT ECONOMI/S ( ! LIKE ( ,SOMB>T & ,KEYNES4 ,!RE=E 
,M>X ACCEPT$ A !SIS1 A DISCOV]Y ( CLASSICAL ECONOMY3 0! 
EX*ANGE VALUE ( A COMMODITY IS GIV5 BY ! LABOR TIME NECESS>Y = ITS 
PRODUCTION04 

,PROLET>IAN SCI5CE ACCEPTS ?IS !SIS ON ! ONE H& :IL/ ON ! O!R 
IT DEMON/RATES ?AT AS LONG AS ?IS TRU? IMPLICITLY 9CLUDES 
! CONVICTION ?AT AS LONG AS ! WORLD EXI/S1 OBJECTS 
UTILIZ$ BY PEOPLE TO SATISFY !IR NE$S WILL HAVE ! *>ACT] ( 
COMMODITIES1 ?IS 0SCI5TIFIC TRU?0 %R9KS TO ! LEVEL ( >BITR>Y 
ASS]TION1 MY/ICAL1 ON ! LEVEL ( FETI%1 
?AT IS TO SAY1 TO ! LEVEL ( A MISLEAD+ FALSEHOOD1 DIFF]5T 9 NO RESPECT 
FROM ?OSE CONTA9$ 9 ! IDEOLOGIES & BELIEFS ( PRE-B\RGEOIS TIMES FROM 
:I* B\RGEOIS SCI5CE TURN$ 9 D]ISION 7NOT ?AT !Y SC(F QUITE SO MU* 
ANYMORE1 BUT ?IS PH5OM5ON WAS TO BE EXPECT$74 

,LET US FOLL[ SOME ( ,M>X'S EVOCATIVE /EPS1 AFT] HAV+ 9 \R TURN 
ANTICIPAT$1 ) A DIDACTIC AIM1 :AT HE WAS GETT+ AT4 ,! 
OBJECTS ( CONSUMPTION HAV5'T ALWAYS BE5 COMMODITIES -- 
TODAY !Y >E AFFECT$ BY A PRICE & A VALUE ( EX*ANGE :I* D]IVES FROM 
WORK-TIME CRY/ALLIZ$ 9 !M -- BUT !Y WON'T ALWAYS EXI/ AS 
COMMODITIES2 ,ONCE ! COMPLETE ANALYSIS ( ! CAPITALI/ 9DU/RIAL MODE ( 
PRODUCTION IS MADE1 IT CAN BE D$UC$ NOT ONLY ?AT IT ISN'T 
NECESS>Y ?AT ALL ! OBJECTS :I* SATISFY ! NE$S ( \R 
EXI/5CE BE COMMODITIES & BE EX*ANG$ AT !IR PRICE & VALUE1 -BUT ?AT 
ON ! CONTR>Y1 AT A C]TA9 MOM5T1 !Y WON'T BE SU* 
ANYMORE4 

,FROM PRIM>Y S*OOL1 WE KN[ :AT ?IS /ATEM5T SIGNIFIES 0POLITICALLY0 
7AGRE$874 ,IT SIGNIFIES3 ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION ISN'T ET]NAL & IT 
WILL COLLAPSE ) ! VICTORY ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT WILL HAVE DISAPPE>$ 
AS SOON AS EX*ANGE VALUES & COMMODITIES DON'T EXI/ ANYMORE1 ?AT'S TO SAY 
:5 !RE ISN'T EI!R M]CANTILE EX*ANGE ( ! OBJECTS ( CONSUMPTION1 OR 
MONEY ANYMORE4 

,?IS SIGNIFIES SOME?+ MORE PRECISE3 !RE CANNOT EXI/ 9 ! FUTURE AN 
ECONOMY :I* IS /ILL M]CANTILE BUT :I* ISN'T CAPITALI/ ANYMORE4 ,BE=E 
CAPITALISM !RE W]E ECONOMIES :I* W]E P>TIALLY M]CANTILE1 BUT CAPITALISM 
IS ! LA/ ( ?IS G5RE4 

,AS OB/9ATE ADV]S>IES ( NOVELTY1 WE %[ TO ?OSE :O >E ABLE TO READ 
PROP]LY1 ?AT ?IS WAS WRITT5 D[N3 ,LET US SUPPOSE ,I HAVE A 
C&LE AT MY DISPOSAL1 & ,I NE$ LI<T4 ,I MAKE USE ( IT BY LI<T+ IT1 & 
9 A FEW H\RS ,I WILL HAVE CONSUM$ IT4 ,ALMO/ NO?+ ODD !RE1 9 ! C&LE 
OR 9 ! LI<T1 SO 0! MY/ICAL *>ACT] ( ! COMMODITY DOESN'T D]IVE 
FROM ITS USE VALUE 7! PROP]TY ! C&LE HAS ( GIV+ LI<T74 ,IT DOESN'T 
D]IVE EI!R FROM ! FEATURES :I* DET]M9E ! VALUE 7SO MANY GRAMS ( 
/E>9704 

,FROM :5CE !N D]IVES !RE=E1 ,M>X ASKS HIMSELF1 ! 
5IGMATIC QUALITY ?AT ! OBJECT ( CONSUMPTION ASSUMES 9 
CLOAK+ ! COMMODITY =M8 ,EVID5TLY FROM ?IS SAME =M4 ,DO 
NOT TAKE = BANAL :AT IS PR(\ND6 

,! VALUE =M1 ?AT IS ! RELATION :I* E/ABLI%ES ITSELF BETWE5 ! 
C&LE & ! FIFTY FRANCS :I* WE PAY = IT1 ISN'T A RELATION BETWE5 
?+S3 BETWE5 ! /E>9 & ! GRUBBY BITS ( REPUBLICAN PAP]2 BUT IT 
DOES CONCEAL A SOCIAL RELATION BETWE5 M5 :O P>TICIPATE 9 
PRODUCTION4 ,! M]CANTILE MONET>Y RELATION SEEMS TO BE A 
SIMPLE MEANS TO EX*ANGE ! C&LE ?AT ,I BURN1 ) LET US SAY1 ! MAT*ES 
:I* ,I PRODUCE2 IT SEEMS TO BE A RELATION BETWE5 
PRODUCTS3 9 REALITY IT IS A RELATION BETWE5 
PRODUC]S1 A SOCIAL RELATION1 BETT] /ILL A RELATION BETWE5 
SOCIAL CLASSES4 ,IT IS H]E ?AT ,M>X UNVEILS ! MY/]Y ( ! COMMODITY 
0FETI%04 

0,A COMMODITY IS !RE=E A MY/]I\S ?+1 SIMPLY BECAUSE 9 IT ! 
SOCIAL *>ACT] ( M5'S LABOR APPE>S TO !M AS AN OBJECTIVE *>ACT] 
/AMP$ UPON ! PRODUCT ( ?AT LABOR2 BECAUSE ! RELATION ( ! PRODUC]S 
TO ! SUM TOTAL ( !IR [N LABOR IS PRES5T$ TO !M AS A SOCIAL RELATION1 
EXI/+ NOT BETWE5 !MSELVES1 BUT BETWE5 ! PRODUCTS ( !IR LABOR1 ?IS 
IS ! REASON :Y ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR BECOME COMMODITIES1 SOCIAL ?+S 
:OSE QUALITIES >E AT ! SAME TIME P]CEPTIBLE & IMP]CEPTIBLE BY ! 
S5SES04 

,M>X WANT$ TO BE/ EXPLA9 ?IS 0,J\RNEY0 9 :I* ! 9NOC5T C&LE 
-- AS OPPOS$ TO ! DRY /ICKS SNAPP$ (F ! TREE & RUBB$ TOGE!R 
BY PRIMITIVE MAN 9 HIS LAIR -- BECOMES1 BY ASSUM+ AN EX*ANGE VALUE1 
! EXPRESSION ( ! RELATION%IP ( EXPLOITATION :I* ! [N] ( ! 
FACTORY MAKES HIS WORK]S PUT UP ) 9 ! C&LE FACTORY4 

,HE MADE A COMP>ISON ) ! /IMULATION ( ! RET9A :I* APPE>S TO US 
AS AN OBJECT EXI/+ EXT]IOR TO ! EYE :I* SEES IT4 ,BUT ! LI<T RADIAT$ 
BY ! OBJECT & ! /IMULATION ( ! EYE >E PHYSICAL REALITIES1 :IL/ ! 
VALUE =M IS NO?+ PHYSICAL AT ALL1 CONTA9$ NEI!R 9 ! /E>9 OR 9 
! LI<T OR /IMULATION ( ! OPTIC N]VE4 ,! LATT] IS A DEF9ITE SOCIAL 
RELATION BETWE5 M51 ?AT ASSUMES 9 !IR EYES1 ! FANTA/IC =M ( A 
RELATION BETWE5 ?+S1 09 ORD]1 !RE=E TO F9D AN ANALOGY1 WE MU/ HAVE 
REC\RSE TO ! MI/-5VELOP$ REGION ( ! RELIGI\S WORLD04 

,AS 9 MY/ICISM1 0! PRODUCTIONS ( ! HUMAN BRA9 APPE> AS 9DEP5D5T 
BE+S0 & IT IS ! SAME ) ! PRODUCTS 09 ! WORLD ( COMMODITIES ) 
! PRODUCTS ( M5'S H&S4 ,?IS ,I CALL ! ,FETI%ISM :I* ATTA*ES ITSELF TO 
! PRODUCTS ( LABOR1 SO SOON AS !Y >E PRODUC$ AS COMMODITIES1 & :I* 
IS !RE=E 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES04 

,M>X1 :O ISN'T A MAN ( LETT]S BUT A FI<T]1 SEES ! CLASS 5EMY 9 
FRONT ( HIM ) EV]Y L9E HE WRITES4 ,HE ISN'T A 0?9K]0 & HE DOESN'T 
SOLILOQUIZE1 BUT WRITES 9 DIALOGUE =M ) HIS 5EMY4 ,Y\ ?\<T1 OH 
!ORETICIANS ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 TO HAVE REA*$ ! ACME ( DEVELOPM5T 91 
CLE>+ AWAY FROM ! SPIRIT ( MAN ! FETI%ES ( BELIEFS 9 ! DIV9ITIES 
:I* JU/IFI$ ! AU?ORITY ( ! CLASS TO :I* Y\ HAVE SUCCE$$1 BUT Y\ 
HAVE SET UP A NEW & MU* SADD] FETI% :I* WE WILL ?R[ D[N 9 ITS TURN 
FROM Y\R ALT>S -- ! BANKS -- & EJECT FROM Y\R TEMPLES -- 
! /OCK EX*ANGES4 

0,IT IS1 H[EV]1 JU/ ?IS ULTIMATE MONEY-=M ( ! WORLD ( COMMODITIES 
?AT ACTUALLY CONCEALS1 9/EAD ( DISCLOS+1 ! SOCIAL *>ACT] ( PRIVATE 
LABOR1 & ! SOCIAL RELATIONS BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL PRODUC]S4 744447 ,! 
CATEGORIES ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMY CONSI/ ( SU* LIKE =MS4 ,!Y >E =MS ( 
?\<T EXPRESS+ ) SOCIAL VALIDITY ! CONDITIONS & RELATIONS ( A 
DEF9ITE1 HI/ORICALLY DET]M9$ MODE ( PRODUCTION1 VIZ1 ! PRODUCTION ( 
COMMODITIES04 ,ALL MY/ICISM IS DISSIPAT$ IF WE REF] \RSELVES TO ANO!R 
TYPE ( DI/RIBUTION1 ONE ?AT IS NON M>KET4 

,WE HAVE ASK$ ,K>L ,M>X TO DEMON/RATE ! TRANSITORY 
*>ACT] ( M]CANTILE =MS & TO CONFIRM ! ANNEX$ !SIS3 ! M]CANTILE 
=MS APPE>$ AT A C]TA9 /AGE 9 HI/ORY1 & IT IS :5 !Y HAVE 
DISAPPE>$ ?AT WE WILL BE 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ /AGE4 ,M>X !N1 9 ! TW9KL+ 
( AN EYE1 TAKES US FROM ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE TO ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE4 ,IT IS 
\R /&>D & USUAL ME?OD3 TO ELABORATE ! ANALYSIS ( FUTURE DEVELOPM5T 
) 9DISPUTABLE DATA FROM ! PA/4 ,W\LD ?AT !Y -- :O HAV+ READ 
)\T READ+1 SAY ?AT ,M>X /UCK TO ! PRUD5T SCI5CE ( CONTEMPOR>Y 
FACTS & GAVE A M]E PHOTOGRAPH ( CAPITALISM ( HIS DAY 
-- 7! IMBECILE PUPPY ( #aieb KN[S MORE AB\T IT ?AN ,M>X ( C\RSE74 
,W\LD ?AT !Y CLEAN !IR GUMMY EYELIDS2 REALIZ$ COMMUNISM1 !Y WILL F9D 
IT ON PAGES #h#b-#c 9 ,VOLUME #a ( ,CAPITAL6 

,S9CE ECONOMY IS FOND ( 0ROB9SONADES01 LET US />T FROM !RE1 SAID ,M>X1 
,ROB9SON HAD NE$S & SATISFI$ !M ) OBJECTS ?AT HE GA!R$ TOGE!R3 
HE SAV$ 9K1 P5 & L$G] & MADE AN 9V5TORY2 BUT444?AT'S ALL4 ,HE 
DIDN'T 5GAGE 9 D\BLE 5TRY BOOK-KEEP+1 NOR DID HE RECEIVE OR DEPOSIT 
MONEY1 = >\ND HIM !RE W]E NO COMMODITIES ( ANY DESCRIPTION4 ,M>X 
TRANSPORTS US AWAY FROM 0,ROB9SON'S ISL& BA!D 9 LI<T TO ! ,EUROPEAN 
MIDDLE-AGES %R\D$ 9 D>KNESS04 ,?IS NEXT P>T IS = Y\2 ! LIQUIDATORS 
( FEUDAL GUILT = ! BETT] GLORY ( ! BRILLIANT NEON CIVILIZATION ( 
TODAY4 ,Y\1 :O UND]/& ONLY ?AT LI<T COMES ( LI<T & D>K FROM D>K2 
DEUM DE DEO1 LUM5 DE LUM9E4 ,= \R P>T1 WE RECOGNIZE ! NECESSITY = ! 
PASSAGE FROM ! LI<T ( ! E>LY & G5]\S PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM1 )\T 
COMMODITIES1 TO ! %AD[Y SOCIETY ( FEUDALISM1 & !N ONTO ! FETID SEW] 
( B\RGEOIS CIVILIZATION 9 ORD] TO PASS BEYOND IT4 ,= US NO?+ IS A 
FETI%1 NOT EV5 HATR$ ( CAPITALISM4 

,RI<T !N1 SO 9 ! MIDDLE-AGES1 COMMODITIES /ILL DON'T 
EXI/ ON A WIDE SCALE3 ! PRIVILEGE ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS IS CON/ITUT$ BY 
OP5LY VISIBLE P]SONAL PAYM5TS 9 LABOR4 ,! SOCIAL 
=M ( LABOR IS ALSO ITS NATURAL =M1 ?AT'S TO SAY1 
P>TICUL>ITY1 & NOT AS 9 ! M]CANTILE =M1 
G5]ALITY4 ,LET US TRY TO UND]/& ?IS4 ,I HAVE TURN$ ! 
W9EPRESS = Y\ & AFT] HAV+ /RET*$ Y\RSELF \T SOME:]E1 Y\ WILL 
IMBIBE A GOOD GLASSFULL4 ,?IS IS LESS IGNOBLE ?AN BUY+ FROM ! PUB ! 
POISON$ CAPITALI/ LIQUID1 CONTA9+ WAT] & COLOR+ -- TO 9CREASE 
! PR(IT-M>G94 

,CLE> RELATIONS !N 9 ! GLOOMY ,MIDDLE-AGES3 ! LIES ( ! PRIE/ 
DOM9ATE6 ,BUT1 0! TI! TO BE R5D]$ TO ! PRIE/ IS MORE 9TELLIGIBLE 
?AN HIS BLESS+04 ,! F\L CONJUR+ TRICK ( REPRES5T+ ! RELATIONS ( 
HUMAN SLAV]Y AS AN EQUAL RELATION BETWE5 EX*ANGEABLE ?+S1 WILL BE ! 
*>ACT]I/IC FEATURE ( ! SUBSEQU5T B\RGEOIS EPO*4 

,BUT CAN A HUMAN ACTIVITY EXI/ ?AT IS FIT TO FULFILL ESS5TIAL NE$S )\T 
SU* A MOD]N DECEPTION1 \TSIDE ( ! FETI% ( ! M>KET8 
,YES1 SAYS ,M>X1 & HE GIVES EXAMPLES = ?REE P]IODS3 ! PA/1 ! PRES5T1 
& ! FUTURE4 

,! PA/3 ,ROB9SON1 AS AN 5TIRELY AB/RACT FIGURE US$ = 
! PURPOSES ( ANALOGY DOESN'T 9T]E/ US4 ,MAN IS ! 
SPECIES1 NOT ! P]SON3 ?IS BIZ>RE1 SOLIT>Y & 
EVID5TLY /]ILE BE+1 KN[S ONLY CONSUM] GOODS & NOT EX*ANGE1 & NOT 
F9D+ HIMSELF 9 ! ,G>D5 ( ,$5 & BESIDES ! DISADVANTAGE ( BE+ 
DEPRIV$ ( ,EVE1 HE PROCURES HIMSELF USEFUL GOODS ?R\< HIS WORK4 

,\R EXAMPLE FROM ! PA/ WE DRAW FROM ! PRIMITIVE COMMUNITIES4 ,BETWE5 
! 0,MANIFE/O0 & 0,CAPITAL01 PRACTICAL >*AEOLOGICAL RESE>* HAS 
E/ABLI%$ ?AT NOT ONLY C]TA9 PEOPLES1 BUT EV]Y ONE ( !M1 HAD !IR 
ORIG9S 9 ORGANIZATIONS BAS$ ON ! WORK ( ALL & ! PROP]TY ( NO-ONE4 
,AN ORGANIZATION :]E ONE F9DS3 0LABOR 9 COMMON OR DIRECTLY ASSOCIAT$ 
LABOR0 9 ITS 0SPONTANE\SLY DEVELOP$ =M :I* WE F9D ON ! ?RE%OLD ( 
! HI/ORY ( ALL CIVILIZ$ RACES04 

,! ,PRES5T3 ,( COMMUNAL WORK 

0,WE HAVE AN EXAMPLE CLOSE AT H& 9 ! PATRI>*AL 9DU/RIES ( A PEASANT 
FAMILY1 ?AT PRODUCES CORN1 CATTLE1 Y>N1 L951 & CLO?+ = HOME USE4 
,!SE DIFF]5T >TICLES >E1 AS REG>DS ! FAMILY1 SO MANY PRODUCTS ( ITS 
LABOR1 BUT AS BETWE5 !MSELVES1 !Y >E NOT COMMODITIES4 ,! DIFF]5T 
K9DS ( LABOR 74447 POSSESS A SPONTANE\SLY DEVELOP$ SY/EM ( DIVISION ( 
LABOR4 ,! DI/RIBUTION ( ! WORK )9 ! FAMILY & ! REGULATION ( 
! LABOR-TIME ( ! SEV]AL MEMB]S1 DEP5D AS WELL UPON DIFF]5CES ( AGE 
& SEX1 AS UPON NATURAL CONDITIONS V>Y+ ) ! SEASONS04 

,ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS WE HAVE PO9T$ \T ?AT !SE /REAMS ( AUTONOM\S 
ORGANIZATION EXI/ NOT ONLY 9 BACKW>D >EAS 9TO :I* ! GLOBAL M>KET 
HASN'T YET P5ETRAT$1 BUT EXI/ /ILL 9 ! B\RGEOIS C\NTRIES3 9 #a#i#a#d1 A 
,CALABRIAN WOMAN1 A L>GE L&[N]1 BOA/$ ( SP5D+ ONE 
P5NY A YE> ON NE$LES & BUY+ NO?+ ELSE4 ,IF WE W]5'T 
DIALECTICIANS WE W\LD SAY ?AT \R IDEAL IS CONTA9$ 9 SU* 
/REAMS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y H[EV]1 WE SAY ?AT ! QUICK] !SE >E SWALL[$ 
UP 9 ! 9F]NAL CIRCLE ( M>KET CAPITAL -- BE IT 9 ,CALABRIA OR 
,TURKE/AN -- ! BETT]4 

,! ,FUTURE 

0,LET US PICTURE TO \RSELVES1 BY WAY ( A *ANGE1 .<! MOD]ATE TONE 
EMPLOY$ H]E SO AS TO AVOID UTOPIAN AFFECTATIONS1 BL9DS SUP]FICIAL PEOPLE TO 
! FACT ?AT IT IS ! REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM BE+ DEALT 
).> A COMMUNITY ( FREE 9DIVIDUALS1 .<= US1 ON ! HI/ORICAL LEVEL1 FREE 
IS EQUIVAL5T TO NON-SAL>I$.> C>RY+ ON !IR WORK ) ! MEANS ( 
PRODUCTION 9 COMMON1 9 :I* ! LABOR-P[] ( ALL ! DIFF]5T 
9DIVIDUALS IS CONSCI\SLY APPLI$ AS ! COMB9$ LABOR-P[] ( ! 
COMMUNITY4 74447 ! TOTAL PRODUCT ( \R COMMUNITY IS A SOCIAL PRODUCT4 ,ONE 
PORTION S]VES AS FRE% MEANS ( PRODUCTION & REMA9S SOCIAL4 ,BUT ANO!R 
PORTION IS CONSUM$ BY ! MEMB]S AS MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE4 ,A DI/RIBUTION ( 
?IS PORTION AMONG !M IS CONSEQU5TLY NECESS>Y .<,TAKE NOTE6 Y\ LOOK = 
! DESIGNATION '9TO EQUAL P>TS' BUT IT IS NOT !RE.> ,! MODE ( ?IS 
DI/RIBUTION WILL V>Y ) ! PRODUCTIVE ORGANIZATION ( ! COMMUNITY1 & 
! DEGREE ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ATTA9$ BY ! PRODUC]S04 

,9 ORD] TO BE/ E/ABLI% ?AT ?IS 0/ATE ( ?+S0 7NO?+ O!R 
-- OH CRITICS1 OH VACANT ONES -- ?AN ,COMMUNISM2 
?AT ,IMPOSSIBLE ,COMMUNISM67 IS ! NEGATION ( COMMODITY 
PRODUCTION1 ,M>X MAKES A COMP>ISON BY EXAM9+ ONE ( ! WAYS ( DIVID+ 
?+S UP1 I4E4 0! %>E ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL PRODUC] 9 ! MEANS ( 
SUBSI/5CE IS DET]M9$ BY HIS LABOR TIME0 7?IS W\LD BE ! 
L[] /AGE ( ,COMMUNISM1 AS ,L59 CORRECTLY DESCRIB$ IT 
DRAW+ FROM ! CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM -- :I* 9 ITSELF WAS 
ANO!R =MIDABLE HAMM]+ \T ( FUNDAM5TAL PO9TS74 ,V]Y 
WELL !N6 ,H]E1 )9 COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATION1 0! SOCIAL RELATIONS ( ! 
9DIVIDUAL PRODUC]S1 ) REG>D BO? TO !IR LABOR & TO ITS PRODUCTS1 >E 
9 ?IS CAME P]FECTLY SIMPLE & 9TELLIGIBLE1 & ?AT ) REG>D NOT ONLY 
TO PRODUCTION BUT ALSO TO DI/RIBUTION04 

,! LA/ P>T ( ! P>AGRAPH DEALS ) IDEOLOGIES :I* NECESS>ILY 
REFLECT ! ?REE /AGES3 ANCI5T PRE-M]CANTILE ECONOMY1 M]CANTILE ECONOMIES1 
& NON-M]CANTILE OR SOCIALI/ ECONOMIES4 

,! ANCI5T NATIONAL RELIGIONS BELONG TO ! FIR/ B>B>IAN & 
SEMI-B>B>IAN /AGE BAS$ ON CONDITIONS ( DESPOTISM & SLAV]Y4 

,! SOCIETY ( ! UNIV]SAL M>KET F9DS AN APPROPRIATE RELIGION 9 
,*RI/IANITY1 & ABOVE ALL 9 ITS B\RGEOIS DEVELOPM5T1 ! RE=MATION4 

,IT IS ONLY 9 ! ?IRD /AGE1 ! COMMUNI/ ONE1 ?AT SOCIAL LIFE 
CA/S (F ! MY/IC VEIL ?AT CONCEALS ITS SOCIAL ASPECT IRON ITSELF4 
,H[EV]1 AS WE HAVE NOT$ ELSE:]E1 !RE IS A BUT1 0,?IS1 
H[EV]1 DEM&S = SOCIETY A C]TA9 MAT]IAL GR\ND-WORK OR SET ( 
CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE :I* 9 !IR TURN >E ! SPONTANE\S PRODUCT ( A 
LONG & PA9FUL PROCESS ( DEVELOPM5T04 

,M>X F9I%ES ) A F9AL TAUNT1 BY ASSIMILAT+ ALONGSIDE E>LI] 
SUP]/ITIONS1 ! IDIOTIC 0SELF-KN[L$GE0 APPROPRIATE TO ! B\RGEOIS 
EPO*4 

,HE *OSE ,BAILEY1 BUT WE C\LD *OOSE ,E9AUDI4 ,! CAPITALI/ SCI5TI/ 
SPEAKS ?US3 0,VALUE 7?AT'S TO SAY1 ! VALUE ( EX*ANGE7 IS A PROP]TY ( 
?+S4 ,WEAL? 7USE VALUE7 IS A PROP]TY ( MAN40 ,?US ?IS CAPITALI/ SAVANT 
IS ABLE TO SCI5TIFICALLY D$UCE ?AT COMMODITIES1 & ! RI*1 WILL EXI/ = 
EV] & EV]1 AM51 7= ?R\< R$UCTIO AD ABSURDUM1 
,EV]YONE WILL BE RI*74 

,WE1 :O BY ! REVOLUTION WILL ABOLI% COMMODITIES & ! RI*1 WILL 
DEMON/RATE TO !SE ALLEG$ SAGES MEAN:ILE1 ?AT ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS 
?+S :I* HAVE ! PROP]TY ( BE+ ( USE TO MANK9D1 & IT IS PEOPLE 
ALONE & !IR PRES5T RELATIONS1 :I* HAVE ! M]CANTILE PROP]TY1 SU* 
?AT EX*ANGE VALUE EXPRESSES AN ATTRIBUTE ( PEOPLE -- ?AT ( BE+ 
EXPLOIT] OR EXPLOIT$4 

,! MORE ! OP9ION ( (FICIAL SCI5CE IS 5LI<T5$ & BR\<T UP TO 
DATA1 & ! MORE IT CONCLUDES ?AT CAPITALI/ RELATIONS >E IRREPLACEABLE & 
0NATURAL01 ! MORE WE CONSID] IT TO BE 9TR9SICALLY RIDICUL\S4 ,ITS CALIB] 
IS COMP>ABLE TO ! IMBECILITIES ?AT ,%AKESPE>E PUTS 9TO ! M\? ( HIS 
LUDICR\S *>ACT] ,DOGB]RY3 0TO BE A WELL-FAVOR$ MAN SURELY IS ! 
GIFT ( =TUNE1 BUT TO WRITE & READ COMES BY NATURE04 

,TODAY 

,) ! MATT] BE+ SO SIMPLE -- BUT SIMPLICITY IS H>D TO A*IEVE1 
:ILE COMPLEX ?+S >E WELL )9 ! CAPACITY ( ANY P$DL] ( CULTURE 
-- !RE >E ?OSE :O COME ALONG & SAY ?AT 0NEW =MULAS0 >E 
NECESS>Y4 ,:Y8 ,9 ORD] TO ACC\NT = ,RUSSIA & ! 5CUMBRANCE ( ! 
,M>XI/ $IFICE1 & = ! FACT ?AT OV] !RE1 :IL/ ! MEANS ( 
PRODUCTION >E NO LONG] PRIVATE1 !RE NEV]!LESS EXI/S A CAPITALISM NOT 
DIFF]5T BY ONE ,JOT FROM ?OSE 9 ! WE/6 ,! 5TIRE 9T]NATIONAL GANG ( 
/AL9I/S L\DLY PROCLAIM ?AT ,SOCIALISM IS TO BE F\ND !RE 9 ITS COMPLETE 
=M4 ,& ! 5TIRE NOT LESS VA/ CAPITALI/ GANG PROCLAIM ! SAME ?+3 
COMMUNISM EXI/S OV] !RE2 COMMUNISM BE+ NO?+ O!R ?AN C5TRAL & 
/ATI/ DICTATOR%IP OV] ALL WEAL? & OV] ALL PEOPLE 7TO ! HORROR ( 
?OSE 9 ! WOND]FUL FREE WORLD74 

,DE> SE>*]S = NEW =MULAS1 :Y NOT GO BACK & HAVE A *ECK OV] ! 
OLD =MULAS1 = ,I RA!R FANCY ?AT 9/EAD ( CONV9C+ Y\ TO OP5 AN 
ADVANC$ RESE>* 9/ITUTE1 !Y WILL CONV9CE Y\ ( ! NECESSITY ( 
5ROLL+ 9 A 0S*OOL = DUNCES04 

,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT ,DEMOS!NES GOT OV] AN 9NATE /AMM] & BECAME A 
GREAT ORATOR -- BY D9T ( /UFF+ HIS M\? FULL ( PEBBLES3 ,BUT WE >E 
MORE ?AN SUSPICI\S ( ! 0CACAGLIOS0 ( ,M>XISM4 ,Y\ HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT 9 
NEAPOLITAN DIALECT 0CACAGLIO0 MEANS /AMM]]4 ,SC&AL\S USAGE ( DIALECT8 
,P]HAPS IT WAS = ,/AL9 :O D5I$ ?AT ! NATIONAL LANGUAGE IS A TRANSITORY 
CLASS PRODUCT4 ,BUT 9 MANY CASES1 DIALECT IS ACTUALLY NE>] TO ! ?\<T ( 
! DOM9AT$ CLASS4 ,DANTE /R5G!N$ ! REVOLUTION 9 ! MEASURE ?AT ! 
B\RGEOIS OPPOS$ ! ,TUSCAN V]NACUL> TO ! LAT9 ( ! NOBLE M5 & ! 
PRELATES4 ,9 ,RUSSIA ! >I/OCRATS MUMBL$ 9 ,FR5* :IL/ ! PROLET>IAN 
REVOLUTION>IES EXP\ND$ !IR IDEAS 9 ,G]MAN4 ,/AL91 BY IGNOR+ BO? 
LANGUAGES1 EXPRESS$ WELL ! FACT ?AT ONE ( ! *>ACT]I/ICS 9 ! 
=MATION ( B\RGEOIS P[] IS ! EXTOLL+ ( ! NATIONAL LANGUAGE4 

,ONE NE$ NOT HESITATE TO CLASSIFY ,RUSSIA )9 ONE ( ?REE /AGES3 
PRE-M]CANTILE1 M]CANTILE OR SOCIALI/4 ,AT ! TIME ( ,5GELS1 ! FIR/ /AGE 
WAS /ILL MANIFE/LY EVID5T1 NOT ONLY 9 ! ASIATIC PR9CIPALITIES1 BUT ALSO 
9 ! AIR -- ! RURAL COMMUNITY ( ,EUROPEAN ,RUSSIA1 ,WAS IT POSSIBLE !N 
TO GRAFT ?IS ,COMMUNISM ( EXCLUSIVE LITTLE ISL&S1 PRIMITIVE & RUDIM5TY1 
ONTO ! ,COMMUNISM ( A MOD]N WELL EQUIPP$ SOCIETY8 ,5GELS1 :O WAS A GREAT 
& WISE DIPLOMAT ( ! REVOLUTION1 RECALL$ 9 PRES5T+ ! 0,MANIFE/O0 TO 
! ,RUSSIANS1 ?AT ,M>X HAD PR$ICT$ 9 #ahfb ?AT IT WAS A POSSIBLE PO9T ( 
DEP>TURE IF ! ,RUSSIAN ANTIFEUDAL ,REVOLUTION SIGNAL$ ! ,PROLET>IAN 
REVOLUTION 9 ! ,WE/4 ,IF ?AT DIDN'T OCCUR1 OR IF ! SIGNAL WAS 
9SUFFICI5T1 ,RUSSIA W\LD HAVE TO GO ?R\< ! M]CANTILE PHASE2 ?IS IT IS 
9 ! PROCESS ( DO+ AT ! MOM5T4 ,9 FACT1 ! COLLAPSE ( ! FABRIC ( 
,CZ>I/ FEUDALISM PROVOK$ ! FOLL[+ RESULT3 ! SWALL[+ UP ( ALL ! 
CLOS$-(F LITTLE ISL&S ( ,EA/]N ,EUROPE & ,ASIA -- ?ANKS TO AN 
ACCEL]AT$ 9DU/RIALIZATION ( ! BACKW>D T]RITORIES 
- 9 ! IRRESI/IBLE TIDE ( ! M]CANTILE SY/EM4 

,& ! REVOLUTION>Y \TCOME8 ,M>X & ,5GELS HAD ALWAYS ?\<T ?AT A 
SECOND #a#h#d#h1 NO LONG] B\RGEOIS BUT PROLET>IAN1 C\LD NOT BE VICTORI\S AS 
LONG AS !RE EXI/$ 9 ,RUSSIA A P[]FUL FEUDAL >MY4 ,FROM #a#i#a#g1 ?IS 
C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y CONDITION IS REMOV$4 

,LIKE !M1 WE CONSID] ?AT 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO TRANS=M ! ANTI-FEUDAL 
REVOLUTION 9TO A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA 7,L59'S L9E71 ! 
9DISP5SABLE CONDITION IS A REVOLUTION>Y VICTORY 9 ,EUROPE4 

,9 #a#i#e#b1 ,RUSSIA HASN'T BUILT ,SOCIALISM1 BUT CAPITALISM1 JU/ AS ,G]MANY1 
,AU/RIA1 & ,ITALY BUILT IT AFT] #a#h#d#f4 

,TODAY1 ,5GL&1 ,AM]ICA1 ,FRANCE & ! O!R 9DU/RIAL C\NTRIES >E NO 
LONG] BUILD+ DOME/IC CAPITALISMS1 BUT PROTECT+ GLOBAL CAPITALISM4 ,!IR 
RESPECTIVE /ATE MA*9]IES WORK+ SOLELY 9 A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 
DIRECTION1 ) !IR >S5ALS PO9T$ SOLELY AGA9/ ! 
FUTURE -- NOT EV5 P>TLY AGA9/ ! PA/ & P>TLY AGA9/ ! 
FUTURE4 

,WE WILL NOT ELABORATE ANY FUR!R H]E ON ! QUE/ION ( ! M]CANTILE 
*>ACT] ( ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION RA!R WE WILL EXAM9E 9 GREAT] DETAIL 
H[ ! ISOLAT$ SPOTS )9 ! OCEAN ( G5]AL COMM]CE DISSOLV$1 BY 
EXPLA9+ ! HI/ORICAL CONCLUSION TO BE DRAWN FROM ! FACT ?AT 9 GIV5 
C\NTRIES ! PROCESS IS /ILL TAK+ PLACE1 :ILE 9 ! T]RITORY ( O!RS 
0!RE >E NO MORE ECONOMIC ISL&S04 ,& WE WILL DEMON/RATE FUR!R ?AT ?IS 
DI/9CTION IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! PAGES ( ,M>X1 SITUAT$ :]E HE DEVELOPS ! 
HI/ORY ( ! PASSAGE FROM FRAGM5T$ LABOR TO ASSOCIAT$ LABOR1 :I* =MS 
! NECESS>Y BASIS ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION & ( 
,COMMUNI/ SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 

,IT HAS BE5 ANN\NC$ ?AT )9 TWO OR ?REE YE>S1 ,RUSSIA %\LD BE ABLE 
TO EX*ANGE ) O!R C\NTRIES GOODS ) AN ANNUAL VALUE TOTAL+ #d 
BILLION RUBLES1 ?AT IS #a MILLION DOLL>S OR #f1#c BILLION LIRE4 

,?IS ,WE/]N PROPAG&A W\LD HAVE US BELIEVE ?AT ?IS IS ALL JU/ A BIG 
HOAX1 & ?AT ?IS #d BILLION WILL BE SP5T ) ! SOLE AIM ( IMPRESS+ 
! ELECTORS 9 ! BACK ( BEYOND1 SO AS TO GET !M TO ELECT A ,COM9=MI/ 
MAYOR4 

,WE W\LD LIKE ! TYCOONS ( ,WE/]N ECONOMY TO EXPLA9 TO 
US H[ IT COMES AB\T ?AT ! CAPTA9S ( 9DU/RY :O HAVE SET ( F = 
,MOSC[ HAVE BECOME1 NOT AS ',UNITA' W\LD ROMANTICALLY HAVE IT1 SUITORS 
AT ! W9D[ BUT RA!R SUITORS ( ,POTEMK91 7#a7 ?AT IS1 M]E HIREL+S4 

,IT W\LD BE MORE WOR?:ILE SURELY IF !Y DISCUSS$ O!R PH5OM5A LIKE 
! /AL9I/ DECISION ( ,TRUMAN TO REQUISITION ! /EEL 9DU/RY & TO FIX 
PRICES & WAGES BY /ATE $ICT -- GIV5 ?AT !RE REMA9S A CLE> M>G9 
( #a#f@s P] TON1 OR P]HAPS ! PH5OM5A ( ! F\ND+ BY ! CAPITALI/S ( 
AN 9T]NATIONAL F9ANCIAL ,9/ITUTION = ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T ) ! AIM ( 
RESI/+ ! 9T]V5TION ( GOV]NM5TS 9 !IR BUS9ESS4 

,! PRES5T DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM T[>DS PR(IT IS NO 
SURPRISE TO ! M>XI/ DOCTR9E1 & ?IS MU* IS CLE>3 !RE IS NOT 
A S+LE IOTA ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 AS EVID5C$ 
BY ! FACT ?AT = B\RGEOIS ECONOMY -- ! ECONOMY :I* IS 
DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ -- ?IS DIRECT$ POLITICS IS 0,SOCIALISM0 P> 
EXCELL5CE4 ,= ,VILFR$O ,P>ETO = EXAMPLE1 ,SOCIALISM ISN'T 
UND]/OOD TO MEAN ! SAME ?+ AS IT DOES = US1 NAMELY ORGANIZATION 
)\T M>KET & )\T 0! FIRM02 QUITE ! CONTR>Y 9 FACT1 IT IS 
UND]/OOD AS >BITR>Y 9T]V5TION ( MORAL & 
LEGAL ELEM5TS )9 ! NATURAL ECONOMIC 
FACT4 

7,M>XISM1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 MA9TA9S ! OPPOSITE VIEW1 NAMELY ! 
9T]V5TION ( ECONOMIC REALITY 9 ! %AP+ ( ! LEGAL 
& MORAL >TIFICE47 ,AT ANY RATE1 AT LEA/ ,P>ETO IS CONSI/5T :5 HE 
DECL>ES3 ! ,SOCIALI/ SY/EMS1 7AS HE SEES !M7 >E NOT DIFF]5T FROM ! 
V>I\S PROTECTIONI/ SY/EMS4 ,!SE LATT]1 HE ADDS1 REPRES5T PROP]LY 
SPEAK+1 ! ,SOCIALISM ( 5TREPR5EURS & CAPITALI/S4 ,?IS 
,SOCIALISM1 5VISAG$ BY ,P>ETO1 MORE ?AN HALF A C5TURY AGO1 WE WILL WILL+LY 
LEAVE TO ,TRUMAN & ,/AL94 ,NEV] MORE ?AN TODAY HAS IT BE5 SO OBVI\S ?AT 
,SOVIET ,SOCIALISM IS ! ,SOCIALISM ( CAPTA9S ( 9DU/RY4 ,BUT 
9 ,RUSSIA HAVE !SE NOT BE5 SUPPRESS$8 ,WELL1 N[ !Y'RE IMPORT+ !M6 

,9 MAGNITUDE1 #fc BILLION LIRE IS D\BLE ! SIZE ( IMPORTS 9TO 
,GREAT-,BRITA91 SIX TIMES ?OSE 9TO ,ITALY1 & EQUAL TO ?OSE ( ,AM]ICA4 ,IT IS 
EQUIVAL5T TO ! ANNUAL LABOR ( #bf MILLION WORK]S2 ( PROBABLY ALL OR 
ALMO/ ALL ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S ALREADY DRAWN 9TO PRODUCTION O!R ?AN ?AT ( 
! EXCLUSIVE LITTLE ISL&S1 BUT C]TA9LY ( ! WORK ( ! :OLE POPULATION 
( A DEVELOP$ C\NTRY ) HALF ! POPULATION ( ! PRES5T DAY ,U4,S4,S4,R4 ,IF 
HALF ( ! LABOR EF=T ( ?IS PEOPLE -- EXCLUD+ ?AT EXP5D$ 9 
PRE-M]CANTILE ASIATIC TYPE CONSUMPTION -- HAS AN EQUIVAL5T PRICE ON ! 
GLOBAL M>KET TO ?AT PRODUC$ BY ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 O!R FIGURES >E 
NOT REALLY NE$$ 9 ORD] = US TO DEF9E ! ,RUSSIAN ECONOMY AS CAPITALI/4 
,MOREOV]1 :Y D\BT ?AT IT IS IMM]S$ 9 FULLY FL$G$ M]CANTILISM :5 ! 
IDEOLOGICAL PROJECTION CONSI/S ( ! COMPLETE DOM9ATION ( ! POPUL> 
RELIGIOSITY :I* IS 5C\RAG$ & UTILIZ$ BY ! PUBLIC P[]8 

,) ! DIALOGUE ( EX*ANGE BETWE5 ! ,RUSSIAN COMMODITY & ! DOLL> 
:I* PAYS = IT1 & BETWE5 ! ,AM]ICAN COMMODITY & ! RUBLE :I* PAYS 
= IT1 WE SC>CELY NE$ TO UNRAVEL ITS 0FETI%I/IC *>ACT]04 ,OBJECTS CAN'T 
TALK1 COMMODITIES CAN'T TALK1 BUT :]E ANY TYPE ( COMMODITY IS PRODUC$1 ! 
RELATION IS1 9 REALITY1 ! RELATION ( ! EXPLOITATION ( WAGE-E>N]S4 

,!RE IS NO?+ TO 9DICATE ?AT AT ! MOM5T EX*ANGE 
ISN'T AN OP5 PALPABLE REALITY4 ,EX*ANGE FUNCTION$ DUR+ ! W> BETWE5 #aida 
TO #aide UND] V>I\S =MS1 SU* AS >MS & AMMUNITION FROM ! WE/ = 
9DU/RIAL & 0MILIT>Y0 EF=T & WORK FROM ! EA/4 ,TODAY ! RESPECTIVE 
9DU/RIES /EP UP ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL :I* IS A SOCIAL FACT EV5 9 
! B\RGEOIS REGIME1 EI!R ) ! AIM ( >M+ = AN IMP]IALI/ W> 
7) ,TRUMAN 9VOK+ REASONS ( NATIONAL DEF5SE = ! REQUISITION ( 
5T]PRISES & ! MILIT>IZATION ( /RIK]S7 OR ) ! AIM ( ! 
M]CANTILE SATISFACTION D]IV$ FROM 9T]NATIONAL 
EX*ANGE4 

,IF ONE WI%ES TO SAY ANY?+ NEW AB\T ,RUSSIA1 IT IS MORE ?AN USELESS TO 
KN[ ?AT CAVI> WAS S]V$ AT ,/AL9'S TABLE & A MILLET PATE TO ! 
WORK]S4 ,?IS C\LD BE COMPATIBLE ) A L[] /AGE ( COMMUNISM4 ,AT ! 
HI<] /AGE WE WILL GIVE CAVI> TO EV]YONE444 & ! MILLET TO RECALCITRANT 
PUPILS :O HAVE AN 9CURABLE IT* TO PLAY AT BE+ TEA*]4 

,= \R P>T1 WE >E 9T]E/$ TO ASK \RSELVES IF BY HAV+ RUBLES 9 \R 
POCKETS WE CAN HAVE CAVI> OR MILLET1 & :E!R1 ONCE ! EX*ANGE RATE IS 
WORK$ \T1 WE CAN DO ! SAME ) DOLL>S OR LIRE4 

,AFT] ?IS1 = US ! FETI% QUALITY ( CAVI> OR MILLET CONTA9S NO MORE 
SECRETS1 AS 9DE$ NOR DOES ! SUPREMELY /UPID *>ACT] ( ! LATE/ 
J>GON6 

,NOTES 

#a ,FIANCES DE ,POTEMK9 "7 ALLUSION TO 
,CA!R9E ,I,I ( ,RUSSIA & H] FAVORITE ( ! MOM5T ,POTEMK94 ,AT ! TIME ( 
A J\RNEY ( ! ,EMPRESS ACROSS ! ,RUSSIAN C\NTRYSIDE1 ,POTEMK9 CONCEIV$ A 
COLLAPSIBLE VILLAGE :I* HE C\LD TRANSPORT ACROSS ,RUSSIA1 & :I* HE US$ 
TO TAKE ,CA!R9E TO VISIT EA* TIME %E WI%$ TO SEE ! /ATE ( ! 
PEASANTS4 ,) ! SURR\ND+S *ANG$ AT EA* VISIT1 ,CA!R9E ?US RECEIV$ 
A V]Y FAVORABLE IMPRESSION ( ! /ATE ( ! ,RUSSIAN C\NTRYSIDE & ( H] 
SUBJECTS4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,M>XISM ( ! ,/AMM]]S -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,M>XISM ( ! ,/AMM]]S -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/