,MAY #aifh 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 

,TEXT 3 

#aifh WAS M>K$ BY NUM]\S EV5TS- ! HUGE DEMON/RATIONS ?R\<\T ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA AGA9/ ! ,AM]ICAN 9T]V5TION 9 ,VIETNAM1 UNRE/ 9 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA1 RIOTS 9 ! BLACK <ETTOS ( ! ,U,S,A & /UD5T OCCUPATIONS 9 ,BRITA94 ,:AT SURG$ TO ! =E 9 ?AT FATEFUL YE> WAS ! EV5TS ( ,MAY-,JUNE #aifh 9 ,FRANCE4 

,TODAY1 9 A P]IOD :I* SEEMS ! OPPOSITE ( #a#i#f#h1 IT SEEMS H>D TO REALIZE ?AT A VA/ MOVEM5T ( /RUGGLE1 ) Y\? AT ITS =EFRONT1 %OOK ! WORLD4 ,BUT #aifh WAS PREP>$ = ON A NUMB] ( FRONTS- C\NT]-CULTURAL AS WELL AS POLITICAL4 ,BEATNIKS1 HIPPIES1 DROP-\TS ( ALL SORTS REFUS$ ! RE/RA9TS ( B\RGEOIS LIFE1 & EMPHASIZ$ MUTUAL AID1 COMMUNITY LIFE1 & SEXUAL LIB]TY4 ,?IS L>GE C\NT]-CULTURAL MOVEM5T FL\RI%$ ABOVE ALL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BUT ALSO 9 ,NOR!RN ,EUROPE4 ,BY #a#i#f#h1 H[EV]1 ?IS MOVEM5T WAS BEG9N+ TO RUN \T ( /EAM4 ,ITS MO/ POLITICIZ$ =M1 ! ,DUT* ,PROVOS1 9SPIR$ BY A NUMB] ( AN>*I/S1 HAD ATTEMPT$ TO BREAK ?R\< APA?Y ON BO? CULTURAL & POLITICAL FRONTS1 ) SOME SUCCESS4 ,BUT IT DISSOLV$ ITSELF 9 ,MAY #a#i#f#g4 

,MEXICO 

  

,9 ! ,U,S,A ! ,/UD5TS = A ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIETY1 COM+ AFT] ! CIVIL RI<TS & DIS>MAM5T MOVEM5TS1 MOBILIZ$ AGA9/ ! W> 9 ,VIETNAM1 BO? 9SIDE & \TSIDE ! C\NTRY4 ,SIMIL> MOVEM5TS EM]G$ 9 ,JAPAN ) ! ,Z5GAKUR5 /UD5T MOVEM5T1 9 ,WE/ ,G]MANY ) ,RUDI ,DUTS*KE AT ITS HEAD1 9 ,FRANCE1 ,ITALY & ,GREAT ,BRITA94 ,!RE W]E /UD5T MOVEM5TS 9 C\NTRIES RUL$ BY ! OLD DICTATOR%IPS1 LIKE ,FRANCO'S ,SPA91 & 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD1 LIKE ,MEXICO ) V]Y L>GE /UD5T DEMON/RATIONS1 LEAD+ UP TO ! MASSACRE BY ! MILIT>Y 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#f#h4 

,H[EV]1 IT IS TOO EASY TO PO9T TO A WORLD MOVEM5T ?AT HAD 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CES 9 ! EV5TS 9 ,FRANCE4 ,BE=E ,MAY #a#i#f#h1 T9Y M9ORITIES W]E 5GAG$ 9 AGITATION1 & !SE T9Y M9ORITIES W]E IGNOR$ BY PRACTICALLY EV]Y POLITICAL OBS]V] 9 ,FRANCE4 ,ONE 9QUIRY PUBLI%$ 9 A BOOK BE=E ! EV5TS1 DESCRIB$ Y\NG PEOPLE AS COMPLETELY DEPOLITICIZ$ & EAG] TO 9TEGRATE AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE 9TO WORK & 0ADULT LIFE01 :I* WAS NEV] QUE/ION$4 7,! ,:ITE ,BOOK ( ,Y\? BY ,FRANCOIS ,MISS(FE7 ,?IS IS NOT ?AT F> (F ! APPE>ANCE ( Y\NG PEOPLE 9 ,FRANCE & 9DE$ 9 ,BRITA9 TODAY6 

,OBSOLETE ,COMMUNISM 

  

,IT WAS AT ,NANT]RE ,UNIV]SITY :]E ! ,M>* #b#bND ,MOVEM5T =M$ ) LIB]T>IAN /UD5TS LIKE ,DANNY ,COHN-,B5DIT & ,JEAN-,PI]RE ,DUTEUIL1 AS WELL AS ! T9Y ,5RAGES GR\P ( SITUATIONI/S ) ,R5E ,REISEL4 ,!SE GR\PS L$ (F ! OCCUPATION ( ! ADM9 BLOCK AFT] ! >RE/ ( MILITANTS ( ! ,VIETNAM ,COMMITTEES4 ,?IS AGITATION CAME TOGE!R ) ?AT L$ 9 ! UNIV]SITY LIV+ QU>T]S AGA9/ SEXUAL REPRESSION & ! SEGREGATION ( Y\NG WOM5 & Y\NG M54 ,IT ALSO PO9TS TO ! 9FLU5CE ( ,AN>*ISM & DISSID5T ,M>XISM ?R\< ! POLITICS ( GR\PS LIKE ,SOCIALISME \ ,B>B>IE1 ! NEO-AN>*ISM ( ! GR\P >\ND ! MAGAZ9E ,NOIR ET ,R\GE & ! RADICAL IDEAS ( ! ,SITUATIONI/S4 ,?IS WAS DIRECTLY ADMITT$ 9 ! BOOK JO9TLY WRITT5 BY ,GABRIEL ,COHN-,B5DIT & HIS BRO!R ,DANIEL- ,OBSOLETE ,COMMUNISM-! ,LEFT ,W+ ,ALT]NATIVE4 ,ALSO ( IMPORTANCE W]E ! IDEAS COM+ \T ( ! SOCIOLOGY DEP>TM5T AT ,NANT]E ) ,H5RI ,LEFEBVRE- ,M>XI/ SOCIOLOGI/ & PHILOSOPH]1 CLOSE AT ONE TIME TO ! ,SITUATIONI/S1 ) HIS CRITIQUE ( EV]YDAY LIFE & 0! BUREAUCRATIC SOCIETY ( DIRECT$ CONSUM]ISM04 ,?IS CONCEPT WAS SIMPLIFI$ BY V>I\S SPOKESPEOPLE ( ! MOVEM5T AS ! 0CONSUM] SOCIETY04 ,LEFEBVRE1 ,JEAN ,BAUDRILL>D1 ,R5E ,LORAU 9 ! SOCIOLOGY DEP>TM5T ALL HAD !IR 9FLU5CE ON ! /UD5T MOVEM5T !RE4 

,BUT ! ORIG9ALITY ( ,MAY-,JUNE #aifh WAS D[N1 NOT TO ! /UD5T REVOLT1 BUT TO ! G5]ALIZATION ( /RUGGLE1 & ! 5TRANCE ONTO ! SC5E ( ! WORK]S1 FROM #a#e? ,MAY4 ,9DE$ BE=E ?AT1 Y\NG WORK]S1 9 P>TICUL> BL\SONS NOIRS1 ?OSE BELONG+ TO /REET GANGS1 W]E JO9+ ! /UD5TS ON ! B>RICADES4 ,! P>TICIPATION ( ! WORK]S GAVE ! EV5TS AN IMPORTANCE F> BEYOND ! F]M5T 9 ,G]MANY & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E WORK]S REG>D$ RADICAL /UD5TS ) LITTLE SYMPA?Y4 

,/RIKE 

  

,IF ! LIB]T>IAN & SITUATIONI/ /UD5TS LIT ! FIR/ SP>K ( REVOLT1 IT WAS AT ,NANTES1 ! DAY AFT] ! GREAT DEMO AT ,P>IS & ! OCCUPATION ( ! ,SORBONNE ON ! #a#c? ,MAY1 :]E ! REVOLT SPREAD TO ! WORK]S4 ,! ,SUD-,AVIATION ,B\G5AIS FACTORY WAS OCCUPI$ BY ! WORK]S1 AMONG :OM W]E A NUMB] ( ,TROTSKYI/S & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S4 ,?IS MOVEM5T SPREAD ?R\< ! REGION1 & ACROSS ALL ( ,FRANCE4 ,FROM ! #a#e? ,MAY1 A /RIKE BEGAN AT ,R5AULT-,CLEON AT ,R\54 ,! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 FOLL[$ BY ?OSE 9 ! PUBLIC SECTOR1 SET (F A *A9 ( EV5TS ?AT SP>$ FEW SECTORS ( SOCIETY4 ,SO ACTION COMMITTEES W]E SET UP AMONG FILM-MAK]S1 >*ITECTS1 9 ! HI< S*OOLS & TEA*+ FACULTIES1 ! BANKS & (FICES1 EA* (F]+ A SAVAGE ANALYSIS ( ! 9/ITUTIONS & :]E ! ,SORBONNE WAS ! MO/ ELOQU5T EXAMPLE ( DISCUSSION & DEBATE BETWE5 DIFF]5T SECTORS ( SOCIETY4 

,H[EV]1 EXCEPT AT ,NANTES1 :]E /UD5TS W]E ADMITT$ TO MEET+S ( ! /RIKE COMMITTEE1 CO-ORD9ATION BETWE5 /UD5TS & WORK]S WAS DIFFICULT4 ,! UNION BUREAUCRATS1 MANY 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 EXPLOIT$ ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! 0ADV5TURISM 0 ( ! /UD5TS & ! 0REALISM0 ( ! WORK]S4 ,MANY WORK]S P]CEIV$ /UD5TS AS SPOIL$ *ILDR5 ( ! B\RGEOISIE :O C\LD REJECT :AT !Y !MSELVES HAD NEV] HAD ! PRIVILEGE TO EXP]I5CE4 ,BUT EQUALLY !RE WAS LITTLE SIGN ( REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES AMONG WORK]S TO GO BEYOND ! LIMITS SET BY ! UNION BUREAUCRATS4 ,! ?\S& WORKPLACES OCCUPI$ & OP5 AS =UMS = FREE DISCUSSIONS W]E NOT SE5 AS WAYS ( MOV+ =W>D4 ,SOON1 ! OCCUPATIONS W]E AB&ON$ BY ! MAJORITY ( WORK]S :O LEFT ONLY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! UNION C5TRAL IT CONTROLL$1 ! ,C,G,T1 RUNN+ ?+S4 ,AS = REALISM1 ! BUREAUCRATS FIX$ A DEAL ( VAGUE PROMISES ON RETIREM5T PAYM5TS & CONDITIONS & FAMILY PAY\TS1 & A PAY RISE ?AT WAS SWIFTLY WIP$ \T BY A GALLOP+ RATE ( 9FLATION4 ,?IS WAS 9 ! CONTEXT ( A MOVEM5T ( FACTORY OCCUPATIONS ?REE TIMES ?AT ( ?OSE 9 ,JUNE #aicf :I* HAD SECUR$ MU* GREAT] GA9S 9 T]MS ( HOLIDAY ALL[ANCES & O!R CONCESSIONS4 

,! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,MAY ,EV5TS 

  

,MAY #a#i#f#h3 ,DEMON/RATIONS 9 ! /REET ) T5S & HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( P>TICIPANTS1 MILLIONS ( WORK]S ON /RIKE1 PICKETS 9 FRONT ( OCCUPI$ FACTORIES EV5 9 V]Y SMALL T[NS1 ! NI<TS ( B>RICADES & ! ATTACK ON ! ,/OCK ,EX*ANGE1 ! R$ & ! BLACK FLAGS EV]Y:]E1 ! OLD REVOLUTION>Y SONGS :I* REEM]G$1 ! UNIV]SITIES & HI< S*OOLS OCCUPI$1 ! ,ODEON AS A KEY C5T]1 ! OLD ORGANIZATIONS AS WELL AS ! NEW LIKE ! #b#bND ,M>*4 

,& ! AN>*I/S 9 ALL ?IS8 ,!Y W]E !RE ( C\RSE1 LEAD+ LI<TS (T5 5\<1 BUT ! APP>5T RESURG5CE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS V]Y EPHEM]AL4 ,OR SO IT SEEM$444 

,:AT AN>*I/ MOVEM5T8 

  

,! MILITANTS W]E PRES5T 9 ALL ! /RUGGLES BUT !IR NUMB] WAS 9 TOTAL V]Y SMALL1 & !Y HAD DIFF]5T WAYS ( OP]AT+4 

,! ,F$]ATION ,AN>*I/E ( ,MAY #fh MEMB]S W]E 9 ! DEMON/RATIONS BUT IT (T5 LIMIT$ ITSELF TO HOLD+ CONF]5CES & BOOK/ALLS AT ! ,SORBONNE4 ,ON ! NI<T ( ! B>RICADES ( #a-#a#a ,MAY1 IT HELD ITS ANNUAL GALA 7B5EFIT CONC]T7 AT ! ,MUTUALITE CLOSE BY1 DESPITE ! 9SI/5CE ( ITS ACTIVI/ T5D5CY1 9SPIR$ BY PLAT=MISM1 ! ,ORGANIZATION ,REVOLUTIONNAIRE ,AN>*I/E1 TO CANCEL4 

,NANT]RE 

  

,9 FACT1 ! MAJORITY ( ! ,F,A MADE ONLY SPORADIC APPE>ANCES1 ON DIFF]5T /RUGGLE FRONTS1 :IL/ ! ,O,R,A WAS 9 ! /REET ) O!R LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S1 ?OSE ( ! ,JEUNESSE ,AN>*I/E ,COMMUNI/E1 EX-MEMB]S ( ! OLD ,F$]ATION ,COMMUNI/E ,LIB]TAIRE1 MILITANTS ( ! ,UNION DES ,GR\PES ,AN>*I/ES ,COMMUNI/ES1 & ! #b#bND ,M>* ,MOVEM5T1 A UNIT>Y BODY AT ,NANT]RE ,UNIV]SITY :I* HAD ABSORB$ V>I\S PREEXI/+ LIB]T>IAN GR\PS LIKE ,NOIR ET ,R\GE4 

,AN>*I/S W]E PRES5T 9 ! OCCUPATIONS ( ! UNIV]SITIES1 NOT ONLY AT ,NANT]RE & ! ,SORBONNE1 BUT ALSO AT ,LILLE1 ,R5NES1 ,NANTES1 ,T\L\SE1 ,M>SEILLES1 ,T\RS1 ,POITI]S1 ,/RASB\RG4 ,NOT TO CALL = A R$EF9+ ( TEA*+ OR EXAMS1 BUT TO CALL = ! COM+ TOGE!R ( /UD5T & WORK]S /RUGGLES 9 A REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE4 ,! ,J,A,C1 NOTABLY1 CONDEMN$ ALL RE=MI/ ILLUSIONS & PLAY$ A MAJOR ROLE 9 ! CREATION ( ! ,C,A,L,S 7,HI< ,S*OOL ,ACTION ,COMMITTEES7 ,9 ! WORKPLACES1 9 ! /RIKE MOVEM5TS1 !RE W]E (T5 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S OR AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S :O HAD AN IMPORTANT ROLE4 ,?IS WAS ! CASE1 NOT ONLY 9 WE/]N ,FRANCE1 AT ,NANTES1 ,SA9T-,NAZAIRE1 ,LORI5T & ,BRE/1 BUT ALSO AT ,T\RS :]E RAILWORK]S & METALWORK]S ( ,S*MIDT & ,S,K,F & TEXTILE WORK]S ( ,9DRECO W]E 9 ! =EFRONT2 AT ,AUX]RE ) ! ,C,N,T1 AT ! ,R5AULT PLANT AT ,BILLANC\RT1 AT ,CLEON1 ,C\RBEVOIE1 & AT ,P>IS AMONG ! PRO(-READ]S 9 ! PR9T+ 9DU/RY4 

,! ,COMITES D'ACTION REVOLUTIONNAIRE ALSO SPRANG UP 9 MANY PLACES4 ,! ,C,>S GA!R$ TOGE!R ,TROTSKYI/S1 ,MAOI/S1 DISSID5TS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ) ! PR9CIPAL ACTIVI/S BE+ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S4 ,?IS WAS P>TICUL>LY TRUE AT ,T\RS :I* WAS 9 CONTACT ) ! LEAD+ AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ AT ,NANT]RE1 ,JEAN-,PI]RE ,DUTEUIL1 ! SITUATIONI/S ( ,P>IS & ,NANTES1 ) ,JUSSIEU ,UNIV]SITY 79 ! C5T] ( ,P>IS & ) A PROPORTIONATELY HI<] WORK+ CLASS 9TAKE ?AN ELSE:]E74 ,IT HAD CONTACTS AMONG ! PEASANTS & SOLDI]S4 ,BUT IT WAS ABOVE ALL AMONG ! RAILWORK]S ?AT IT PLAY$ A V]Y IMPORTANT ROLE1 ) A REAL GRIP ON ! L9ES & /ATIONS & ) ! BEG9N+S ( SELF-ORGANIZATION ( ! S]VICE4 

,& ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY8 

  
  

00,EV]YBODY C\LD RECOGNIZE AMONG ?OSE DIGG+ UP COBBLE /ONES & ! BUILD]S ( B>RI]S1 BAPTIZ$ B>RICADES1 ! SCUM ( ,BORDEAUX3 PIMPS1 ?IEVES & WANT$ CRIM9ALS1 COMM&OS ( EX-P>ATROOP]S1 FASCI/S ( EV]Y SORT0 7,GIRONDE ,F$]ATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ,MAY #a#i#f#h7  
  
  

0 ,WE W]E TOLD 'BUT !SE >E REVOLUTION>Y MILITANTS'4 ,9 TRU?1 !Y HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,?IS ISN'T ! FIR/ TIME ?AT UNSCRUPUL\S AGITATORS HAVE CONCEAL$ !IR 9FAMIES UND] ! NOBLE FLAG ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! FASCI/S HAVE ALSO ALWAYS PRET5D$ TO BE REVOLUTION>IES04 7,GEORGES ,M>*AIS1 ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEAD]74  
  

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON ,MAY #a#d1 #bac FROM WEB4>*IVE4ORG47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,MAY #aifh -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/