,9TRODUCTION ,BY ,GEORG ,BR&ES 

#ahiiahii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,AGNETA ,VON ,AISAID]1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,! AUTOBIOGRAPHIES :I* WE [E TO GREAT M9DS HAVE 9 =M] TIMES G5]ALLY BE5 ( ONE ( ?REE TYPES3 ',SO F> ,I W5T A/RAY1 ?US ,I F\ND ! TRUE ,PA?' 7,/ ,AUGU/9E72 OR1 ',SO BAD WAS ,I1 BUT :O D>ES TO CONSID] HIMSELF BETT]60 7,R\SSEAU72 OR1 ',?IS IS ! WAY A G5IUS HAS SL[LY BE5 EVOLV$ FROM )9 & BY FAVORABLE SURR\ND+S'7,GOE!74 ,9 !SE =MS ( SELF-REPRES5TATION ! AU?OR IS ?US MA9LY PRE-OCCUPI$ ) HIMSELF4 

,9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY ! A AUTOBIOGRAPHIES ( M5 ( M>K >E MORE (T5 %AP$ ON L9ES SU* AS !SE3 ',SO FULL ( TAL5T & ATTRACTIVE WAS ,I2 SU* APPRECIATION & ADMIRATION ,I WON6' 7,JOHANNE ,L\ISE ,HEIB]G1 ',A ,LIFE LIV$ ONCE MORE 9 ,REM9ISC5CE'72 OR1 ',I WAS FULL ( TAL5T & WOR?Y ( BE+ LOV$1 BUT YET ,I WAS UNAPPRECIAT$1 & !SE W]E ! H>D /RUGGLES ,I W5T ?R\< BE=E ,I WON ! CR[N ( FAME' 7,HANS ,*RI/IAN ,&]S51 ',! ,TALE ( A ,LIFE'74 ,! MA9 ,PRE-OCCUPATION ( ! WRIT]1 9 !SE TWO CLASSES ( LIFE-RECORDS1 IS CONSEQU5TLY ) :AT HIS FELL[-M5 HAVE ?\<T ( HIM & SAID AB\T HIM4 

,! AU?OR ( ! AUTOBIOGRAPHY BE=E US IS NOT PREOCCUPI$ ) HIS [N CAPACITIES1 & CONSEQU5TLY DESCRIBES NO /RUGGLE TO GA9 RECOGNITION4 ,/ILL LESS DOES HE C>E = ! OP9IONS ( HIS FELL[-M5 AB\T HIMSELF2 :AT O!RS HAVE ?\<T ( HIM1 HE DISMISSES ) A S+LE WORD4 

,!RE IS 9 ?IS WORK NO GAZ+ UPON ONE'S [N IMAGE4 ,! AU?OR IS NOT ONE ( ?OSE :O WILL+LY SPEAK ( !MSELVES2 :5 HE DOES SO1 IT IS RELUCTANTLY & ) A C]TA9 %YNESS4 ,!RE IS H]E NO CONFESSION ?AT DIVULGES ! 9N] SELF1 NO S5TIM5TALITY1 & NO CYNICISM4 ,! AU?OR SPEAKS NEI!R ( HIS S9S NOR ( HIS VIRTUES2 HE 5T]S 9TO NO VULG> 9TIMACY ) HIS READ]4 ,HE DOES NOT SAY :5 HE FELL 9 LOVE1 & HE T\*ES SO LITTLE UPON HIS RELATIONS ) ! O!R SEX1 ?AT HE EV5 OMITS TO M5TION HIS M>RIAGE1 & IT IS ONLY 9CID5TALLY WE LE>N ?AT HE IS M>RI$ AT ALL4 ,?AT HE IS A FA!R1 & A V]Y LOV+ ONE1 HE F9DS TIME TO M5TION JU/ ONCE 9 ! RAPID REVIEW ( ! LA/ SIXTE5 YE>S ( HIS LIFE4 

,HE IS MORE ANXI\S TO GIVE ! PSY*OLOGY ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES ?AN ( HIMSELF2 & ONE F9DS 9 HIS BOOK ! PSY*OLOGY ( ,RUSSIA3 ! (FICIAL ,RUSSIA & ! MASSES UND]NEA?---,RUSSIA /RUGGL+ =W>D & ,RUSSIA /AGNANT4 ,HE /RIVES TO TELL ! /ORY ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES RA!R ?AN HIS [N2 & CONSEQU5TLY1 ! RECORD ( HIS LIFE CONTA9S ! HI/ORY ( ,RUSSIA DUR+ HIS LIFETIME1 AS WELL AS ?AT ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ,EUROPE DUR+ ! LA/ HALF-C5TURY4 ,:5 HE PLUNGES 9TO HIS [N 9N] WORLD1 WE SEE ! \T] WORLD REFLECT$ 9 IT4 

,!RE IS1 NEV]!LESS1 9 ?IS BOOK AN EFFECT SU* AS ,GOE! AIM$ AT 9 ',DI*TUNG UND ,WAHRHEIT1' ! REPRES5TATION ( H[ A REM>KABLE M9D HAS BE5 %AP$2 & 9 ANALOGY ) ! ',CONFESSIONS' ( ,/4 ,AUGU/9E1 WE HAVE ! /ORY ( AN 9N] CRISIS :I* CORRESPONDS ) :AT 9 OLD5 TIMES WAS CALL$ 'CONV]SION4' ,9 FACT1 ?IS 9N] CRISIS IS ! TURN+ PO9T & ! CORE ( ! BOOK4 

,!RE >E AT ?IS MOM5T ONLY TWO GREAT ,RUSSIANS :O ?9K = ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 & :OSE ?\<TS BELONG TO MANK9D1 ,LEO ,TOL/OY & ,PET] ,KROPOTK94 ,TOL/OY HAS (T5 TOLD US1 9 POETICAL %APE1 P>TS ( HIS LIFE4 ,KROPOTK9 GIVES US H]E1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 )\T ANY POETICAL RECA/+1 A RAPID SURVEY ( HIS :OLE C>E]4 

,H[EV] RADICALLY DIFF]5T !SE TWO M5 >E1 !RE IS ONE P>ALLEL :I* CAN BE DRAWN BETWE5 ! LIVES & ! VIEWS ON LIFE ( BO?4 ,TOL/OY IS AN >TI/1 ,KROPOTK9 IS A MAN ( SCI5CE2 BUT !RE CAME A P]IOD 9 ! C>E] ( EA* ( !M1 :5 NEI!R C\LD F9D PEACE 9 CONT9U+ ! WORK TO :I* HE HAD BR\<T GREAT 9BORN CAPACITIES4 ,RELIGI\S CONSID]ATIONS L$ ,TOL/OY1 SOCIAL CONSID]ATIONS L$ ,KROPOTK91 TO AB&ON ! PA?S !Y HAD FIR/ TAK54 

,BO? >E FILL$ ) LOVE = MANK9D2 & !Y >E AT ONE 9 ! SEV]E CONDEMNATION ( ! 9DIFF]5CE1 ! ?\<TLESSNESS1 ! CRUD5ESS & BRUTALITY ( ! UPP] CLASSES1 AS WELL AS 9 ! ATTRACTION !Y BO? FEEL T[>DS ! LIFE ( ! D[NTRODD5 & ILL-US$ MAN ( ! PEOPLE4 ,BO? SEE MORE C[>DICE ?AN /UPIDITY 9 ! WORLD4 ,BO? >E IDEALI/S & BO? HAVE ! RE=M]'S TEMP]AM5T4 ,BO? >E PEACE-LOV+ NATURES1 & ,KROPOTK9 IS ! MORE PEACEFUL ( ! TWO---AL?\< ,TOL/OY ALWAYS PREA*ES PEACE & CONDEMNS ?OSE :O TAKE RI<T 9TO !IR [N H&S & RESORT TO =CE1 :ILE ,KROPOTK9 JU/IFIES SU* ACTION1 & WAS ON FRI5DLY T]MS ) ! ,T]RORI/S4 ,! PO9T UPON :I* !Y DIFF] MO/ IS 9 ATTITUDES T[>DS ! 9TELLIG5T $UCAT$ MAN & T[>DS SCI5CE ALTOGE!R2 ,TOL/OY1 9 HIS RELIGI\S PASSION1 DISDA9S & DISP>AGES ! MAN EQUALLY ) ! ?+1 :ILE ,KROPOTK9 HOLDS BO? 9 HI< E/EEM1 AL?\< AT ! SAME TIME HE CONDEMNS M5 ( SCI5CE = =GETT+ ! PEOPLE & ! MIS]Y ( ! MASSES4 

,MANY A MAN & MANY A WOMAN HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ A GREAT LIFE-WORK )\T HAV+ L$ A GREAT LIFE4 ,MANY PEOPLE >E 9T]E/+1 AL?\< !IR LIVES MAY HAVE BE5 QUITE 9SIGNIFICANT & COMMONPLACE4 ,KROPOTK9'S LIFE IS BO? GREAT & 9T]E/+4 

,9 ?IS VOLUME WILL BE F\ND A COMB9ATION ( ALL ! ELEM5TS \T ( :I* AN 9T5SELY EV5TFUL LIFE IS COMPOS$---IDYLL & TRAG$Y1 DRAMA & ROMANCE4 

,! *ILDHOOD 9 ,MOSC[ & 9 ! C\NTRY1 ! PORTRAITS ( HIS MO!R1 SI/]1 & TEA*]S1 ( ! OLD & TRU/Y S]VANTS1 TOGE!R ) ! MANY PICTURES ( PATRI>*AL LIFE1 >E DONE 9 SU* A MA/]LY WAY ?AT EV]Y HE>T WILL BE T\*$ BY !M4 ,! L&SCAPES1 ! /ORY ( ! UNUSUALLY 9T5SE LOVE BETWE5 ! TWO BRO!RS---ALL ?IS IS PURE IDYLL4 

,SIDE BY SIDE !RE IS1 UNHAPPILY1 PL5TY ( SORR[ & SUFF]+3 ! H>%NESS 9 ! FAMILY LIFE1 ! CRUEL TREATM5T ( ! S]FS1 & ! N>R[-M9D$NESS & HE>TLESSNESS :I* >E ! RUL+ />S ( M5'S DE/9IES4 

,!RE IS V>IETY & !RE >E DRAMATIC CATA/ROPHES3 LIFE AT ,C\RT & LIFE 9 PRISON2 LIFE 9 ! HI<E/ ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY1 BY ! SIDE ( EMP]ORS & GR& DUKES1 & LIFE 9 POV]TY1 ) ! WORK+ PROLET>IAT1 9 ,LONDON & 9 ,SWITZ]L&4 ,!RE >E *ANGES ( CO/UME AS 9 A DRAMA2 ! *IEF ACTOR HAV+ TO APPE> DUR+ ! DAY 9 F9E DRESS 9 ! ,W9T] ,PALACE1 & 9 ! EV5+ 9 PEASANT'S CLO!S 9 ! SUBURBS1 AS A PREA*] ( REVOLUTION4 ,& !RE IS1 TOO1 ! S5SATIONAL ELEM5T ?AT BELONGS TO ! NOVEL4 ,AL?\< NOBODY C\LD BE SIMPL] 9 TONE & /YLE ?AN ,KROPOTK91 NEV]!LESS P>TS ( HIS N>RATIVE1 FROM ! V]Y NATURE ( ! EV5TS HE HAS TO TELL1 >E MORE 9T5SELY EXCIT+ ?AN ANY?+ 9 ?OSE NOVELS :I* AIM ONLY AT BE+ S5SATIONAL4 ,ONE READS ) BREA?LESS 9T]E/ ! PREP>ATIONS = ! ESCAPE FROM ! HOSPITAL ( ! =TRESS ( ,/4 ,PAUL & ,/4 ,PET]1 & ! BOLD EXECUTION ( ! PLAN4 

,FEW M5 HAVE MOV$1 AS ,KROPOTK9 DID1 9 ALL LAY]S ( SOCIETY2 FEW KN[ ALL !SE LAY]S AS HE DOES4 ,:AT A PICTURE6 ,KROPOTK9 AS A LITTLE BOY ) CURL$ HAIR1 9 A FANCY-DRESS CO/UME1 /&+ BY ! ,EMP]OR ,NI*OLAS1 OR RUNN+ AFT] ! ,EMP]OR ,ALEX&] AS HIS PAGE1 ) ! IDEA ( PROTECT+ HIM4 ,& !N AGA9---,KROPOTK9 9 A T]RIBLE PRISON1 S5D+ AWAY ! ,GR& ,DUKE ,NI*OLAS1 OR LI/5+ TO ! GR[+ 9SANITY ( A PEASANT :O IS CONF9$ 9 A CELL UND] HIS V]Y FEET4 

,HE HAS LIV$ ! LIFE ( ! >I/OCRAT & ( ! WORK]2 HE HAS BE5 ONE ( ! ,EMP]OR'S PAGES & A POV]TY-/RICK5 WRIT]2 HE HAS LIV$ ! LIFE ( ! /UD5T1 ! (FIC]1 ! MAN ( SCI5CE1 ! EXPLOR] ( UNKN[N L&S1 ! ADM9I/RATOR1 & ! HUNT$ REVOLUTIONI/4 ,9 EXILE HE HAS HAD AT TIMES TO LIVE UPON BREAD & TEA AS A ,RUSSIAN PEASANT2 & HE HAS BE5 EXPOS$ TO ESPION-AGE & ASSASS9ATION PLOTS LIKE A ,RUSSIAN EMP]OR4 

,FEW M5 HAVE HAD AN EQUALLY WIDE FIELD ( EXP]I5CE4 ,JU/ AS ,KROPOTK9 IS ABLE1 AS A GEOLOGI/1 TO SURVEY PREHI/ORIC EVOLUTION = HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( YE>S PA/1 SO TOO HE HAS ASSIMILAT$ ! :OLE HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION ( HIS [N TIMES4 ,TO ! LIT]>Y & SCI5TIFIC $UCATION :I* IS WON 9 ! /UDY & 9 ! UNIV]SITY 7SU* AS ! KN[L$GE ( LANGUAGES1 BELLES-LETTRES1 PHILOSOPHY1 & HI<] MA!MATICS71 HE ADD$ AT AN E>LY /AGE ( HIS LIFE ?AT $UCATION :I* IS GA9$ 9 ! WORK%OP1 9 ! LABORATORY1 & 9 ! OP5 FIELD---NATURAL SCI5CE1 MILIT>Y SCI5CE1 =TIFICATION1 KN[L$GE ( ME*ANICAL & 9DU/RIAL PROCESSES4 ,HIS 9TELLECTUAL EQUIPM5T IS UNIV]SAL4 

,:AT MU/ ?IS ACTIVE M9D HAVE SUFF]$ :5 HE WAS R$UC$ TO ! 9ACTIVITY ( PRISON LIFE6 ,:AT A TE/ ( 5DURANCE & :AT AN EX]CISE 9 /OICISM6 ,KROPOTK9 SAYS SOME:]E ?AT A MORALLY DEVELOP$ P]SONALITY MU/ BE AT ! F\NDATION ( EV]Y ORGANIZATION4 ,?AT APPLIES TO HIM4 ,LIFE HAS MADE ( HIM ONE ( ! CORN]/ONES = ! BUILD+ ( ! FUTURE4 

,! CRISIS 9 ,KROPOTK9'S LIFE HAS TWO TURN+ PO9TS :I* MU/ BE M5TION$4 

,HE APPROA*ES HIS ?IRTIE? YE>---! DECISIVE YE> 9 A MAN'S LIFE4 ,) HE>T & S\L HE IS A MAN ( SCI5CE2 HE HAS MADE A VALUABLE SCI5TIFIC DISCOV]Y4 ,HE HAS F\ND \T ?AT ! MAPS ( ,NOR!RN ,ASIA >E 9CORRECT2 ?AT NOT ONLY ! OLD CONCEPTIONS ( ! GEOGRAPHY ( ,ASIA >E WRONG1 BUT ?AT ! !ORIES ( ,HUMBOLDT >E ALSO 9 CONTRADICTION ) ! FACTS4 ,= MORE ?AN TWO YE>S HE HAS PLUNG$ 9TO LABORI\S RESE>*4 ,!N1 SUDD5LY1 ON A C]TA9 DAY1 ! TRUE RELATIONS ( ! FACTS FLA% UPON HIM2 HE UND]/&S ?AT ! MA9 L9ES ( /RUCTURE 9 ,ASIA >E NOT FROM NOR? TO S\? OR FROM WE/ TO EA/1 BUT FROM ! S\?-WE/ TO ! NOR?-EA/4 ,HE SUBMITS HIS DISCOV]Y TO TE/1 HE APPLIES IT TO NUM]\S SEP>AT$ FACTS1 &---IT HOLDS ITS GR\ND4 ,?US HE KNEW ! JOY ( SCI5TIFIC REVELATION 9 ITS HI<E/ & PURE/ =M2 HE HAS FELT H[ ELEVAT+ IS ITS ACTION ON ! M9D4 

,!N COMES ! CRISIS4 ,! ?\<T ?AT !SE JOYS >E ! LOT ( SO FEW1 FILLS HIM N[ ) SORR[4 ,HE ASKS HIMSELF :E!R HE HAS ! RI<T TO 5JOY ?IS KN[L$GE ALONE---= HIMSELF4 ,HE FEELS ?AT !RE IS A HI<] DUTY BE=E HIM---TO DO HIS P>T 9 BR++ TO ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE ! 9=MATION ALREADY GA9$1 RA!R ?AN TO WORK AT MAK+ NEW DISCOV]IES4 

,= MY P>T ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT HE WAS RI<T4 ,) SU* CONCEPTIONS ,PA/EUR W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ! B5EFACTOR ( MANK9D ?AT HE HAS BE54 ,AFT] ALL1 EV]Y?+1 9 ! LONG RUN1 IS TO ! B5EFIT ( ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,I ?9K ?AT A MAN DOES ! UTMO/ = ! WELL-BE+ ( ALL :5 HE HAS GIV5 TO ! WORLD ! MO/ 9T5SE PRODUCTION ( :I* HE IS CAPABLE4 ,BUT ?IS FUNDAM5TAL NOTION IS *>ACT]I/IC ( ,KROPOTK92 IT CONTA9S HIS V]Y ESS5CE4 

,& ?IS ATTITUDE ( M9D C>RIES HIM F>!R4 ,9 ,F9L&1 :]E HE IS GO+ TO MAKE A NEW SCI5TIFIC DIS-COV]Y1 AS HE COMES TO ! IDEA---:I* WAS H]ESY AT ?AT TIME---?AT 9 PREHI/ORIC AGES ALL ,NOR!RN ,EUROPE WAS BURI$ UND] ICE1 HE IS SO MU* IMPRESS$ ) COMPASSION = ! POOR1 ! SUFF]+1 :O (T5 KN[ HUNG] 9 !IR /RUGGLE = BREAD1 ?AT HE CONSID]S IT HIS HI<E/1 ABSOLUTE DUTY TO BECOME A TEA*] & HELP] ( ! GREAT WORK+ & DE/ITUTE MASSES4 

,SOON AFT] ?AT A NEW WORLD OP5S BE=E HIM---! LIFE ( ! WORK+ CLASSES---& HE LE>NS FROM ?OSE :OM HE 9T5DS TO TEA*4 

,FIVE OR SIX YE>S LAT] ?IS CRISIS APPE>S 9 ITS SECOND PHASE4 ,IT HAPP5S 9 ,SWITZ]L&4 ,ALREADY DUR+ HIS FIR/ /AY !RE ,KROPOTK9 HAD AB&ON$ ! GR\P ( /ATE-SOCIALI/S1 FROM FE> ( AN ECONOMICAL DESPOTISM1 FROM HATR$ ( C5TRALIZATION1 FROM LOVE = ! FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! COMMUNE4 ,N[1 H[EV]1 AFT] HIS LONG IMPRISONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 DUR+ HIS SECOND /AY AMID ! 9TELLIG5T WORK]S ( ,WE/ ,SWITZ]L&1 ! CONCEPTION :I* FLOAT$ BE=E HIS EYES ( A NEW /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY1 MORE DI/9CTLY DAWNS UPON HIM 9 ! %APE ( A SOCIETY ( F$]AT$ ASSOCIATIONS1 COOP]AT+ 9 ! SAME WAY AS ! RAILWAY COMPANIES1 OR ! PO/AL DEP>TM5TS ( SEP>ATE C\NTRIES COOP]ATE4 ,HE KN[S ?AT HE CANNOT DICTATE TO ! FUTURE ! L9ES :I* IT WILL HAVE TO FOLL[2 HE IS CONV9C$ ?AT ALL MU/ GR[ \T ( ! CON/RUCTIVE ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES1 BUT HE COMP>ES1 = ! SAKE ( ILLU/RATION1 ! COM+ /RUCTURE ) ! GUILDS & ! MUTUAL RELATIONS :I* EXI/$ 9 M$IEVAL TIMES1 & W]E WORK$ \T FROM BEL[4 ,HE DOES NOT BELIEVE 9 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 LEAD]S & L$2 BUT ,I MU/ CONFESS ?AT ,I AM OLD-FA%ION$ 5\< TO FEEL PLEAS$ :5 ,KROPOTK91 BY A SLI<T 9CONSI/5CY1 SAYS ONCE 9 PRAISE ( A FRI5D ?AT HE WAS 'A BORN LEAD] ( M54' 

,! AU?OR DESCRIBES HIMSELF AS A ,REVOLUTIONI/1 & HE IS SURELY QUITE RI<T 9 SO DO+4 ,BUT SELDOM HAVE !RE BE5 REVOLUTIONI/S SO HUMANE & MILD4 ,ONE FEELS A/\ND$ :51 9 ALLUD+ ON ONE OCCASION TO ! POS-SIBILITY ( AN >M$ CONFLICT ) ! ,SWISS POLICE1 !RE APPE>S 9 HIS *>ACT] ! FI<T+ 9/9CT :I* EXI/S 9 ALL ( US4 ,HE CANNOT SAY PRECISELY 9 ?IS PASSAGE :E!R HE & HIS FRI5DS FELT A RELIEF AT BE+ SP>$ A FI<T1 OR A REGRET ?AT ! FI<T DID NOT TAKE PLACE4 ,?IS EXPRESSION ( FEEL+ /&S ALONE4 ,HE HAS NEV] BE5 AN AV5G]1 BUT ALWAYS A M>TYR4 

,HE DOES NOT IMPOSE SACRIFICES UPON O!RS2 HE MAKES !M HIMSELF4 ,ALL HIS LIFE HE HAS DONE IT1 BUT 9 SU* A WAY ?AT ! SACRIFICE SEEMS TO HAVE CO/ HIM NO?+4 ,SO LITTLE DOES HE MAKE ( IT4 ,& ) ALL HIS 5]GY HE IS SO F> FROM BE+ V9DICTIVE1 ?AT ( A DISGU/+ PRISON DOCTOR HE ONLY REM>KS3 0,! LESS SAID ( HIM ! BETT]40 

,HE IS A REVOLUTIONI/ )\T EMPHASIS & )\T EMBLEM4 ,HE LAU<S AT ! OA?S & C]EMONIES ) :I* CONSPIRATORS B9D !MSELVES 9 DRAMAS & OP]AS4 ,?IS MAN IS SIMPLICITY P]SONIFI$4 ,9 *>ACT] HE WILL BE> COMP>ISON ) ANY ( ! FI<T]S = FRE$OM 9 ALL L&S4 ,NONE HAVE BE5 MORE DIS9T]E/$ ?AN HE1 NONE HAVE LOV$ MANK9D MORE ?AN HE DOES4 ,BUT HE W\LD NOT P]MIT ME TO SAY 9 ! =EFRONT ( HIS BOOK ALL ! GOOD ?AT ,I ?9K ( HIM1 & %\LD ,I SAY IT1 MY WORDS W\LD \TRUN ! LIMITS ( A REASONABLE ,PREFACE4 

,G,E,O,R,G ,B,R,&,E,S4 

7,S\RCE3 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTIONI/1 ,FIR/ ,$ITION1 ,H\<TON ,MIFFL9 ,COMPANY1 ,BO/ON & ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#h#i#i47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahih 3 ,9TRODUCTION ,BY ,GEORG ,BR&ES -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bag 3 ,9TRODUCTION ,BY ,GEORG ,BR&ES -- ,ADD$4 

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