,P>T #d3 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 ,FIR/ ,J\RNEY TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #c 

#ahiiahii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,CRAIG1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,IT (T5 HAPP5S ?AT M5 PULL 9 A C]TA9 POLITICAL1 SOCIAL1 OR FAMILI> H>NESS SIMPLY BECAUSE !Y NEV] HAVE TIME TO ASK !MSELVES :E!R ! POSITION !Y /& 9 & ! WORK !Y ACCOMPLI% >E RI<T2 :E!R !IR OCCUPATIONS REALLY SUIT !IR 9N] DESIRES & CAPACITIES1 & GIVE !M ! SATISFACTION :I* EV]Y ONE HAS ! RI<T TO EXPECT FROM HIS WORK4 ,ACTIVE M5 >E ESPECIALLY LIABLE TO F9D !MSELVES 9 SU* A POSITION4 ,EV]Y DAY BR+S ) IT A FRE% BAT* ( WORK1 & A MAN ?R[S HIMSELF 9TO HIS B$ LATE AT NI<T )\T HAV+ COMPLET$ :AT HE HAD EXPECT$ TO DO2 !N 9 ! MORN+ HE HURRIES TO ! UNF9I%$ TASK ( ! PREVI\S DAY4 ,LIFE GOES1 & !RE IS NO TIME LEFT TO ?9K1 NO TIME TO CONSID] ! DIRECTION ?AT ONE'S LIFE IS TAK+4 ,SO IT WAS ) ME4 

,BUT N[1 DUR+ MY J\RNEY 9 ,F9L&1 ,I HAD LEISURE4 ,:5 ,I WAS CROSS+ 9 A ,F9NI% TWO-:EEL$ K>RIA SOME PLA9 :I* (F]$ NO 9T]E/ TO ! GEOLOGI/1 OR :5 ,I WAS WALK+1 HAMM] ON %\LD]1 FROM ONE GRAVEL-PIT TO ANO!R1 ,I C\LD ?9K2 & AMID ! UND\BT$LY 9T]E/+ GEOLOGICAL WORK ,I WAS C>RY+ ON1 ONE IDEA1 :I* APPEAL$ F> MORE /RONGLY TO MY 9N] SELF ?AN GEOLOGY P]SI/5TLY WORK$ 9 MY M9D4 

,I SAW :AT AN IMM5SE AM\NT ( LABOR ! ,F9NI% PEASANT SP5DS 9 CLE>+ ! L& & 9 BREAK+ UP ! H>D B\LD]-CLAY1 & ,I SAID TO MYSELF3 0,I WILL WRITE ! PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY ( ?IS P>T ( ,RUSSIA1 & TELL ! PEASANT ! BE/ MEANS ( CULTIVAT+ ?IS SOIL4 ,H]E AN ,AM]ICAN /UMP-EXTRACTOR W\LD BE 9VALUABLE2 !RE C]TA9 ME?ODS ( MANUR+ W\LD BE 9DICAT$ BY SCI5CE44 4 4 ,BUT :AT IS ! USE ( TALK+ TO ?IS PEASANT AB\T ,AM]ICAN MA*9ES1 :5 HE HAS B>ELY 5\< BREAD TO LIVE UPON FROM ONE CROP TO ! NEXT2 :5 ! R5T :I* HE HAS TO PAY = ?AT B\LD]-CLAY GR[S HEAVI] & HEAVI] 9 PROPORTION TO HIS SUCCESS 9 IMPROV+ ! SOIL8 ,HE GNAWS AT HIS H>D-AS-A-/ONE RYE-FL\R CAKE :I* HE BAKES TWICE A YE>2 HE HAS ) IT A MORSEL ( FE>FULLY SALT$ COD & A DR9K ( SKIMM$ MILK4 ,H[ D>E ,I TALK TO HIM ( ,AM]ICAN MA*9ES1 :5 ALL ?AT HE CAN RAISE MU/ BE SOLD TO PAY R5T & TAXES8 ,HE NE$S ME TO LIVE ) HIM1 TO HELP HIM TO BECOME ! [N] OR ! FREE OCCUPI] ( ?AT L&4 ,!N HE WILL READ BOOKS ) PR(IT1 BUT NOT N[40 

,& MY ?\<TS W&]$ FROM ,F9L& TO \R ,NIKOLSKOYE PEASANTS1 :OM ,I HAD LATELY SE54 ,N[ !Y >E FREE1 & !Y VALUE FRE$OM V]Y MU*4 ,BUT !Y HAVE NO MEAD[S4 ,9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 ! L&LORDS HAVE GOT ALL ! MEAD[S = !MSELVES4 ,:5 ,I WAS A *ILD1 ! ,SAVOKH9S US$ TO S5D \T SIX HORSES = NI<T PA/URE1 ! ,TOLKA*(FS HAD SEV54 ,N[1 !SE FAMILIES HAVE ONLY ?REE HORSES EA*2 O!R FAMILIES1 :I* =M]LY HAD ?REE HORSES1 HAVE ONLY ONE1 OR NONE4 ,:AT CAN BE DONE ) ONE MIS]ABLE HORSE8 ,NO MEAD[S1 NO HORSES1 NO MANURE6 ,H[ CAN ,I TALK TO !M ( GRASS-S[+8 ,!Y >E ALREADY RU9$1--POOR AS ,LAZ>US1--& 9 A FEW YE>S !Y WILL BE MADE /ILL POOR] BY A FOOLI% TAXATION4 ,H[ HAPPY !Y W]E :5 ,I TOLD !M ?AT MY FA!R GAVE !M P]MISSION TO M[ ! GRASS 9 ! SMALL OP5 SPACES 9 HIS ,KO/9O =E/6 0,Y\R ,NIKOLSKOYE PEASANTS >E F]OCI\S = WORK10--?AT IS ! COMMON SAY+ AB\T !M 9 \R NEI<BORHOOD2 BUT ! >ABLE L&1 :I* \R /EPMO!R HAS TAK5 \T ( !IR ALLOTM5TS 9 VIRTUE ( ! 0LAW ( M9IMUM10--?AT DIABOLIC CLAUSE 9TRODUC$ BY ! S]F[N]S :5 !Y W]E ALL[$ TO REVISE ! EMANCIPATION LAW1--IS N[ A =E/ ( ?I/LES1 & ! 0F]OCI\S0 WORK]S >E NOT ALL[$ TO TILL IT4 ,& ! SAME SORT ( ?+ GOES ON ?R\<\T ALL ,RUSSIA4 ,EV5 AT ?AT TIME IT WAS EVID5T1 & (FICIAL COMMISSION]S GAVE W>N+ ( IT1 ?AT ! FIR/ S]I\S FAILURE ( CROPS 9 ,MIDDLE ,RUSSIA W\LD RESULT 9 A T]RIBLE FAM9E1--& FAM9E CAME1 9 #a#h#g#f1 9 #a#h#h#d1 9 #a#h#i#a1 9 #a#h#i#e1 & AGA9 9 #a#h#i#h4 

,SCI5CE IS AN EXCELL5T ?+4 ,I KNEW ITS JOYS & VALU$ !M1--P]HAPS MORE ?AN MANY ( MY COLLEAGUES DID4 ,EV5 N[1 AS ,I WAS LOOK+ ON ! LAKES & ! HILLOCKS ( ,F9L&1 NEW & BEAUTIFUL G5]ALIZATIONS >OSE BE=E MY EYES4 ,I SAW 9 A REMOTE PA/1 AT ! V]Y DAWN ( MANK9D1 ! ICE ACCUMULAT+ FROM YE> TO YE> 9 ! NOR!RN >*IPELAGOES1 OV] ,SC&9AVIA & ,F9L&4 ,AN IMM5SE GR[? ( ICE 9VAD$ ! NOR? ( ,EUROPE & SL[LY SPREAD AS F> AS ITS MIDDLE PORTIONS4 ,LIFE DW9DL$ 9 ?AT P>T ( ! NOR!RN HEMISPH]E1 &1 WRET*$LY POOR1 UNC]TA91 IT FL$ FUR!R & FUR!R S\? BE=E ! ICY BREA? :I* CAME FROM ?AT IMM5SE FROZ5 MASS4 ,MAN--MIS]ABLE1 WEAK1 IGNORANT--HAD EV]Y DIFFICULTY 9 MA9TA9+ A PREC>I\S EXI/5CE4 ,AGES PASS$ AWAY1 TILL ! MELT+ ( ! ICE BEGAN1 & ) IT CAME ! LAKE P]IOD1 :5 C\NTLESS LAKES W]E =M$ 9 ! CAVITIES1 & A WRET*$ SUBPOL> VEGETATION BEGAN TIMIDLY TO 9VADE ! UNFA?OMABLE M>%ES ) :I* EV]Y LAKE WAS SURR\ND$4 ,ANO!R S]IES ( AGES PASS$ BE=E AN EXTREMELY SL[ PROCESS ( DRY+ UP SET 91 & VEGETATION BEGAN ITS SL[ 9VASION FROM ! S\?4 ,& N[ WE >E FULLY 9 ! P]IOD ( A RAPID DESICCATION1 ACCOMPANI$ BY ! =MATION ( DRY PRAIRIES & /EPPES1 & MAN HAS TO F9D \T ! MEANS TO PUT A *ECK TO ?AT DESICCATION TO :I* ,C5TRAL ,ASIA ALREADY HAS FALL5 A VICTIM1 & :I* M5ACES ,S\!A/]N ,EUROPE4 

,BELIEF 9 AN ICE-CAP REA*+ ,MIDDLE ,EUROPE WAS AT ?AT TIME RANK H]ESY2 BUT BE=E MY EYES A GR& PICTURE WAS RIS+1 & ,I WANT$ TO DRAW IT1 ) ! ?\S&S ( DETAILS ,I SAW 9 IT2 TO USE IT AS A KEY TO ! PRES5T DI/RIBUTION ( FLORAS & FAUNAS2 TO OP5 NEW HORIZONS = GEOLOGY & PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY4 

,BUT :AT RI<T HAD ,I TO !SE HI<E/ JOYS1 :5 ALL >\ND ME WAS NO?+ BUT MIS]Y & /RUGGLE = A MOLDY BIT ( BREAD2 :5 :ATSOEV] ,I %\LD SP5D TO 5ABLE ME TO LIVE 9 ?AT WORLD ( HI<] EMOTIONS MU/ NE$S BE TAK5 FROM ! V]Y M\?S ( ?OSE :O GREW ! :EAT & HAD NOT BREAD 5\< = !IR *ILDR58 ,FROM SOMEBODY'S M\? IT MU/ BE TAK51 BECAUSE ! AGGREGATE PRODUCTION ( MANK9D REMA9S /ILL SO L[4 

,KN[L$GE IS AN IMM5SE P[]4 ,MAN MU/ KN[4 ,BUT WE ALREADY KN[ MU*6 ,:AT IF ?AT KN[L$GE--& ONLY ?AT--%\LD BECOME ! POSSESSION ( ALL8 ,W\LD NOT SCI5CE ITSELF PROGRESS 9 LEAPS1 & CAUSE MANK9D TO MAKE /RIDES 9 PRODUCTION1 9V5TION1 & SOCIAL CREATION1 ( :I* WE >E H>DLY 9 A CONDITION N[ TO MEASURE ! SPE$8 

,! MASSES WANT TO KN[3 !Y >E WILL+ TO LE>N2 !Y CAN LE>N4 ,!RE1 ON ! CRE/ ( ?AT IMM5SE MORA9E :I* RUNS BETWE5 ! LAKES1 AS IF GIANTS HAD HEAP$ IT UP 9 A HURRY TO CONNECT ! TWO %ORES1 !RE /&S A ,F9NI% PEASANT PLUNG$ 9 CONTEMPLATION ( ! BEAUTIFUL LAKES1 /UDD$ ) ISL&S1 :I* LIE BE=E HIM4 ,NOT ONE ( !SE PEASANTS1 POOR & D[NTRODD5 ?\< !Y MAY BE1 WILL PASS ?IS SPOT )\T /OPP+ TO ADMIRE ! SC5E4 ,OR !RE1 ON ! %ORE ( A LAKE1 /&S ANO!R PEASANT1 & S+S SOME?+ SO BEAUTIFUL ?AT ! BE/ MUSICIAN W\LD 5VY HIM HIS MELODY1 = ITS FEEL+ & ITS M$ITATIVE P[]4 ,BO? DEEPLY FEEL1 BO? M$ITATE1 BO? ?9K2 !Y >E READY TO WID5 !IR KN[L$GE1--ONLY GIVE IT TO !M1 ONLY GIVE !M ! MEANS ( GETT+ LEISURE4 

,?IS IS ! DIRECTION 9 :I*1 & !SE >E ! K9D ( PEOPLE = :OM1 ,I MU/ WORK4 ,ALL ?OSE SONOR\S PHRASES AB\T MAK+ MANK9D PROGRESS1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME ! PROGRESS-MAK]S /& ALO( FROM ?OSE :OM !Y PRET5D TO PU% ONW>DS1 >E M]E SOPHISMS MADE UP BY M9DS ANXI\S TO %AKE (F A FRETT+ CONTRADICTION4 

,SO ,I S5T MY NEGATIVE REPLY TO ! ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY4 

7,S\RCE3 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTIONI/1 ,FIR/ ,$ITION1 ,H\<TON ,MIFFL9 ,COMPANY1 ,BO/ON & ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#h#i#i47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahih 3 ,P>T #d3 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 ,FIR/ ,J\RNEY TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #c -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bag 3 ,P>T #d3 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 ,FIR/ ,J\RNEY TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #c -- ,ADD$4 

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