,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ,COMMUNI/ 

#aib 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,TEXT 3 

 ,MI*EL ,BAKUN9 WAS BORN 9 ,MAY1 #a#h#a#d1 AT ,PRYAMU*9A1 SITUAT$ BETWE5 ,MOSC[ & ,PETROGRAD1 TWO YE>S AFT] HIS FRI5D1 ,ALEX&] ,H]Z51 FIR/ SAW ! LI<T BY ! FIRES ( ,MOSC[4  ,! FUTURE APO/LE ( ,NIHILISM WAS ! SON ( A WEAL?Y L&$ PROPRIETOR1 :O BOA/$ A L9E ( >I/OCRATIC ANCE/ORS4  ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS HAD DECID$ ?AT HIS NATURAL DE/9Y WAS ! >MY4  ,CONSEQU5TLY1 AT ! AGE ( F\RTE51 HE 5T]$ ! ,S*OOL ( ,>TILL]Y AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG4  ,H]E HE F\ND1 AMONG A L>GE M9ORITY ( ! /UD5TS AT LEA/1 AN UND]GR\ND CURR5T ( ,LIB]ALISM :I* WAS ONLY \TW>DLY LOYAL & OB$I5T TO ! BEHE/S ( ! ,GOV]NM5TAL DESPOTISM4  ,AMONG !MSELVES1 !SE REBEL /UD5TS *]I%$ ! MEMORIES ( ! ,DECEMBRI/S ( #a#h#b#e1 & H&$ R\ND ! POEMS-?AT SOME ( ! M>TYR$ REBELS HAD WRITT5-AS SACR$ LIT]ATURE1 TO BE PRES]V$ & PASS$ ON FROM G5]ATION TO G5]ATION4  ,ANECDOTAGE ( ! M>TYRS !MSELVES-MO/ ( :OM HAD BELONG$ TO ! ,FIR/ ,CADET ,CORPS & ! ,>TILL]Y ,9/ITUTE-WAS ALSO EAG]LY RETAIL$ & JEAL\SLY RECIT$4  ,?OSE ( ! ,DECEMBRI/S :O HAD BE5 S5T5C$ TO ,SIB]IA W]E PITI$ = NOT HAV+ BE5 ABLE TO %>E ! HONORABLE FATE ( ?OSE :O W]E EXECUT$4  ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = MILIT>Y DESPOTISM TO EFFACE MEMORIES ( H]OIC REVOLT OR TO SIL5CE 5TIRELY ! G5IUS ( KN[L$GE4  ,SO ! REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM CONT9U$ TO EXI/ & TO GR[ APACE4  ,?AT IT 9FLU5C$ ,BAKUN9 IS C]TA92 BUT TO :AT EXT5T WE CANNOT SAY4  ,= HE WAS CONSCI\S MORE IMM$IATELY ( ! DISCORD EXI/+ BETWE5 HIMSELF & HIS 5VIRONM5T4  ,?US1 WRIT+ TO HIS P>5TS1 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#h#b#i1 ,BAKUN9 SAYS3 

  

04 4 4 ,H]E BEG9S A NEW ]A 9 MY LIFE4  ,UNTIL N[ MY S\L & IMAG9ATION W]E PURE & 9NOC5T4  ,!Y W]E NOT /A9$ 9 ANY WAY4  ,BUT H]E1 9 ! >TILL]Y S*OOL1 ,I BECAME ACQUA9T$ ) ! BLACK1 F\L1 L[ SIDE ( LIFE4  ,& IF ,I WAS NOT DRAGG$ 9TO ! S9S1 ( :I* ,I WAS (T5 ! WITNESS1 ,I1 AT ANY RATE1 GOT SO US$ TO IT AS TO HAVE CEAS$ TO WOND] AT ANY?+ N[4  ,I GOT US$ TO LY+1 = ! >T ( LY+-9 ?AT USEFUL SOCIETY ( \RS-WAS NOT ONLY NOT CONSID]$ A S93 IT WAS UNANIM\SLY APPROV$4  ,I NEV] HAD A CONSCI\S RELIGI\S FEEL+1 BUT ,I POSSESS$ A SORT ( RELIGI\S FEEL+ :I* WAS ASSOCIAT$ CLOSELY ) MY LIFE AT HOME4  ,9 ! >TILL]Y S*OOL ?IS FEEL+ DISAPPE>$ ALTOGE!R4  ,!RE REIGN$ AMONG ALL ! /UD5TS 9/EAD1 A COLD 9DIFF]5CE TO EV]Y?+ NOBLE1 GREAT1 OR HOLY4  ,ALL MY SPIRITUALITY SEEM$ TO GO TO SLEEP4  ,DUR+ MY /AY 9 ?IS S*OOL ,I HAVE LIV$ 9 SPIRITUAL SOMNOL5CE40 

  

,AT ! CONCLUSION ( HIS TRA9+ HE PASS$ HIS EXAM9ATION ) GREAT ECLAT4  ,WRIT+ HOME ( ?IS EV5T1 HE SAID3 

  

0,AT LA/ ,I PASS$ AS AN (FIC]1 EI<TE5 YE> OLD4  ,?US BEGAN TRULY A NEW EPO* 9 MY LIFE4  ,FROM A CONDITION ( SLAVI% MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E1 ,I SUDD5LY GA9 P]SONAL FRE$OM4  ,I1 SO TO SPEAK1 BUR/ UPON ! FREE WORLD4  ,I C\LD NOT UND]TAKE TO DESCRIBE ! FEEL+S ?AT POSSESS$ ME4  ,I ONLY CAN SAY ?AT1 ?ANKS TO ?IS VIGOR\S *ANGE1 ,I COMM5C$ TO BREA! FRE]1 ,I BEGAN TO FEEL NOBL]4  ,AFT] SU* A PROLONG$ SPIRITUAL SLEEP1 MY S\L HAS AWAK5$ TO SPIRITUAL LIFE AGA94  ,AT FIR/ ,I WAS SURPRIS$1 SURPRIS$ & GLAD AT MY NEW LIFE 4 4 4 ,I WAS GLAD TO BE FREE TO GO :]E ,I LIK$ & :5 ,I LIK$ AT ALL TIMES4 4 4 4 ,EXCEPT 9 ! LESSON H\RS1 ,I DID NOT MEET ANY ( MY FELL[ (FIC]S4  ,I SEV]$ EV]Y RELATION ) !M4  ,!IR PRES5CE ALWAYS REM9D$ ME ( ! MEANNESS & 9FAMY ( MY S*OOL LIFE4  ,I HAVE AWAK5$ 6 ,A NEW LIFE HAS OP5$ \T 6 ,A /RONG MORAL FEEL+-?AT HAS TAK5 (F ( ME ! RESPONSIBILITY ( MY S*OOL LIFE-HAS K9DL$ 9 MY S\L4  ,I HAVE DECID$ TO WORK UPW>DS TO ALT] MYSELF40 

  

,! TRU? IS1 ,BAKUN9 AT ?IS TIME WAS SUFF]+ FROM EXTREME CONS]VATISM4  0,! ,RUSSIANS >E NOT ,FR5*10 HE WROTE TO HIS P>5TS4  0,!Y LOVE !IR C\NTRY & ADORE !IR MON>*1 & TO !M HIS WILL IS LAW4  ,ONE C\LD NOT F9D A S+LE ,RUSSIAN :O W\LD NOT SACRIFICE ALL HIS 9T]E/S = ! WELF>E ( ! ,SOV]EIGN & ! PROSP]ITY ( ! FA!RL&40 

  

,BAKUN9 %\LD HAVE BECOME AN (FIC] ( ! ,GU>DS AS A MATT] ( C\RSE4  ,?IS W\LD HAVE MEANT P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! SPL5DOR ( ! ,C\RT4  ,BAKUN9 HAD CONTRIV$ TO ANG] HIS FA!R1 H[EV]1 & TO >\SE ! JEAL\SY ( ! ,DIRECTOR ( ,>TILL]Y4  ,AS A PUNI%M5T = ?IS DUAL (F5SE HE WAS GIV5 A COMMISSION 9 ! L9E4  ,?IS MEANT ?AT HE WAS DOOM$ TO SP5D HIS DAYS 9 A MIS]ABLE PEASANT VILLAGE F> AWAY FROM AN C5T] ( CIVILIZATION4  ,A PEASANT'S HUT HAD BE5 ASSIGN$ TO ,BAKUN9 = HIS NEW QU>T]S4  ,H]E HE TOOK UP HIS ABODE 9 CONSEQU5CE4  ,ALL SOCIAL 9T]C\RSE WAS ABJUR$1 & :OLE DAYS W]E SP5T 9 M$ITATION4  ,HIS MILIT>Y DUTIES W]E 5TIRELY NEGLECT$ UNTIL1 AT LA/1 HIS COMM&+ (FIC] WAS OBLIG$ TO ORD] HIM TO RESIGN HIS APPO9TM5T4  ,HE N[ S5T 9 HIS PAP]S CONSEQU5TLY & RETURN$ TO ,MOSC[1 :]E HE WAS RECEIV$ 9TO 0A CIRCLE0 ( Y\?FUL SAVANTS SIMIL>LY SITUAT$ TO HIMSELF4  ,?IS CIRCLE WAS 5GROSS$ 9 ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY1 & WAS ESPECIALLY KE5 ON ,HEGEL4  ,ITS F\ND] WAS ,/ANKEVIT*1 :O HAD SAT UND] ,PR(ESSOR ,PAWLOV AT ,MOSC[ ,UNIV]SITY4  ,?IS WOR?Y P$ANT HAD 9TRODUC$ ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY 9TO ! ,UNIV]SITY CURRICULUM T5 YE>S PREVI\SLY4  ,BUT HE HAD CONF9$ HIS ATT5TION TO ,S*ELL+ & ,OK54  ,/ANKEVIT*1 H[EV]1 HAD BECOME FASC9AT$ ) ,HEGEL1 & IT WAS ! LATT]'S PHILOSOPHY ?AT SEEM$ TO HIM TO BE ALL-IMPORTANT4  ,CONSEQU5TLY HE HAD 9TRODUC$ IT TO ! SELECT CIRCLE ( HIS FRI5DS AS A SUBJECT = S]I\S /UDY4  ,AMONG !SE W]E ,ALEX&] ,H]Z5 & ,MI*EL ,BAKUN94 

  

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,H]Z5 WAS ! LOVE *ILD ( A ,G]MAN MO!R & A ,RUSSIAN NOBLE1 & WAS RECOGNIZ$ BY HIS FA!R FROM ! V]Y FIR/4  ,9 #ahbg HE WAS S5T TO ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MOSC[ TO COMPLETE ! /UDIES HE HAD COMM5C$ AT HOME4  ,AT ?IS TIME1 REACTION WAS /EADILY TRIUMPHANT ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA4  ,! ,CZ> & HIS ,C\RT W]E CONSPIR+ TO CLOSE ! UNIV]SITIES 5TIRELY & TO REPLACE !M BY ORGANIZ$ MILIT>Y S*OOLS4  ,MOSC[1 9 P>TICUL>1 WAS SUSPECT BY ! REACTION AS A HOTB$ ( LIB]AL & REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T & PLANS4  ,IT BOA/$ AN ANCI5T F\NDATION & A REAL TRADITION = LE>N+4  ,IT DEM&$ A REAL RESPECT & AN 9DEP5D5T LIFE = ITS /UD5TS & BOA/$ PR(ESSORS :O W]E ACTUALLY FREE SPIRITS1 9SPIR$ BY A LOVE ( KN[L$GE1 & CONV9C$ ( ! DIGNITY ( LE>N+4  ,SU* PR(ESSORS DECL9$ TO S]VILELY FLATT] AUTOCRACY & DEVELOP$ 9 ! /UD5TS A TRUE S5SE ( P]SONALITY & RESPONSIBILITY4  ,! /UD5TS1 9 !IR TURN1 SECRETLY REV]$ AS SA9TS & M>TYRS ! REBELS ( #ahbe :O HAD DI$ ON ! GIBBET OR BE5 DRIV5 9TO EXILE4  ,CZ>ISM & ITS AG5TS MADE 9CREAS+ W>F>E ON ! PR(ESSORS1 :O C\LD DEVELOP !IR G5IUS ONLY AT ! EXP5SE ( SECRET D5UNCIATION & EXILE OR REMOVAL4  ,DEVOTION TO KN[L$GE R5D]$ A MAN SUSPECT & PLAC$ HIM AT ! M]CY ( IGNORANT 9SPECTORS & S]VILE AUXILI>IES ( ! POLICE DEP>TM5T4  ,WEAK M5 B[$ BE=E ! RUL+ SY/EM1 ONLY TO F9D !IR G5IUS GONE1 !IR P]SONALITY EXT+UI%$4  ,LECTURES DECL9$ LITTLE BY LITTLE 9TO ! H&S ( 9CAPABLE MA/]S1 9 :OM R\T9E REPLAC$ TAL5T4  ,!SE M5 W]E KEPT 9 (FICE BY CORRUPTION & POLICE CONSID]ATIONS4  ,MEAN:ILE1 KN[L$GE BANN$1 BECAME LOV$4  ,& ! /UD5TS 9 !IR QUE/ PROV$ ! TRU? ( ,MONCURE ,CONWAY'S WORDS3 0,!Y :O M5ACE \R FRE$OM ( ?\<T & SPEE* >E TAMP]+ ) SOME?+ MORE P[]FUL ?AN GUNP[D]40  ,! ,FR5* PHILOSOPH]S W]E =BIDD54  ,VOLTAIRE1 ,R\SSEAU1 ,DID]OT1 ,MORELLI1 ,MABLY1 & ,F\RI] W]E D5I$ !IR PLACE 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY LIBR>Y4  ,DID ,TRU? DESPAIR ON ?AT ACC\NT8  ,NOT AT ALL4  ,SO MU* DID ! AU?ORITIES DREAD ! ,FR5* ?AT !Y =GOT TO 9QUIRE IF !RE W]E ,G]MAN ONES4  ,& SO ,HEGEL WAS P]MITT$-,HEGEL :OSE ME?OD HAS 9SPIR$ MORE ?OR\< REVOLUTION>Y ?9K+ ?AN ,VOLTAIRE4  ,FEU]BA* WAS ALL[$ ALSO-,FEU]BA* :O D5I$ ! EXI/5CE ( ! S\L & REPEAT$ ! ,COMMUNI/ W>CRY1 HE>D 9 ! /REETS ( ,P>IS 9 ?OSE DAYS ( REVOLUTION3 0,PROP]TY IS ,ROBB]Y40 

  

,& SO ! ,FR5* PHILOSOPH]S W]E NEGLECT$ & ! ,G]MANS SUCCE$$ !M 9 ! AFFECTIONS ( ! /UD5TS4  ,& ! REVOLUTION PROCE$$ APACE4 

  

,H]Z5 S\<T TO UND]/& ! WOND]FUL ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY4  ,IT EXCIT$ HIS IMAG9ATION & FIR$ HIS AMBITION4  ,HE ASSIMILAT$ ITS !ORIES & WROTE S$ITI\S ESSAYS 9 CONSEQU5CE4  ,HIS MANUSCRIPTS W]E SEIZ$4  ,A YE>'S IMPRISONM5T FOLL[$4  ,!N HE WAS EXIL$ TO ,P]M1 ON ! V]Y BORD]S ( ,SIB]IA1 = HIS ACTIVITIES1 MORE ESPECIALLY = TAK+ P>T 9 A D9N] ATT5D$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y /UD5TS1 :O REV]5C$ ,HEGEL & SUNG REVOLUTION>Y SONGS4  ,9 SOLITUDE1 HE DET]M9$ TO FA?OM ,HEGEL4  ,!N HE WAS P]MITT$ TO RETURN TO CIVILIZ$ LIFE & TO LIVE AT ,VLADIMIR4  ,FROM H]E HE FL$ TO ,MOSC[ & C>RI$ (F FROM ONE ( ! IMP]IAL S*OOLS A Y\NG C\S9 TO :OM HE WAS 5GAG$4  ,HE WAS =GIV5 = ?IS ESCAPADE & P]MITT$ TO LIVE 9 ,MOSC[1 :]E HE JO9$ ! REVOLUTION>Y /UDY CIRCLE AT :I* HE MET ,BAKUN94  ,5TIRE NI<TS W]E SP5T 9 KE5LY DISCUSS+1 P>AGRAPH BY P>AGRAPH1 ! ?REE VOLUMES ( ,HEGEL'S 0,LOGIC10 ! TWO VOLUMES ( HIS 0,E?ICS10 HIS 0,5CYCLOP$IA10 ETC4 

  

0,PEOPLE :O REG>D$ ONE ANO!R ) AFFECTION10 SAYS ,H]Z51 9 DESCRIB+ !SE /UDY CIRCLES1 0W\LD HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ONE ANO!R = WEEKS AFT] A DISAGREEM5T RESPECT+ ! DEF9ITION ( '! 9T]CEPT+ M9D1' & W\LD REG>D OP9IONS CONC]N+ '! ABSOLUTE P]SONALITY' & ITS AUTONOM\S EXI/5CE AS P]SONAL 9SULTS4  ,ALL ! MO/ 9SIGNIFICANT PAMPHLETS :I* APPE>$ 9 ,B]L9 OR ! V>I\S PROV9CIAL CITIES ( ,G]MANY1 :I* DEALT ) ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY1 & CONTA9$ EV5 ! M]E/ M5TION ( ,HEGEL1 W]E B\<T & READ UNTIL 9 A FEW DAYS !Y W]E TORN & TATT]$ & FALL+ TO PIECES40      

        

,ACTUALLY !RE W]E TWO DI/9CT CIRCLES EQUALLY KE5 ON ! DISCUSSION ( ,WE/]N PHILOSOPHY4  ,ONE WAS ! ,BAKUN9-,BIEL9SKY-,/ANKIEVIT* GR\P4  ,! O!R WAS ! GR\P ( ,H]Z5 & ,OG>IOV4  ,LITTLE SYMPA?Y EXI/$ BETWE5 !SE TWO FACTIONS4  ,! ,H]Z5 GR\P WAS ,FR5* 9 ITS \TLOOK1 & ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY POLITICAL 9 ITS AIM4  ,! ,BAKUN9 FACTION WAS ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY SPECULATIVE 9 ITS \TLOOK & ,G]MAN 9 ITS ?\<T4  ,!Y W]E D5\NC$ AS S5TIM5TALI/S BY ! ,H]Z5ITES4 

     

,?IS WAS ! P]IOD ( CRISIS = ,BAKUN9 & ! FRI5D OV] :OM HE EX]CIS$ SO GREAT AN 9FLU5CE1 ,BIEL9SKY4  ,BO? PASS$ ?R\< ! CRISIS & W5T OV] TO ! EXTREME LEFT BE=E ,/ANKIEVIT*'S CIRCLE DISSOLV$ 9 #a#h#c#i4  ,!Y DID MORE4  ,!Y PASS$ FROM BE+ ,G]MANOPHILES & ,FRANCOPHOTES TO BECOM+ ,FRANCOPHILES & ,G]MANOPHOTES4  ,! H9DRANCE ( SU* RACIAL IDEALISM PROV$ AS FATAL :5 ,FR5* PREJUDICES W]E FAVOR$ AS :5 ,G]MAN ONES W]E1 EXCEPT = A MORE RADICAL =M ( ADDRESS1 & A CLE>] \TLOOK ON ! WORLD ( !OLOGY4  ,H]Z5 ASS]T$ ?AT ,HEGEL'S SY/EM WAS NO?+ LESS ?AN ! ALGEBRA ( ! REVOLUTION1 & ?AT WAS ALL HE APPROPRIAT$ FROM IT4  ,BUT IT WAS BADLY =MULAT$ ALGEBRA-V]Y LIKELY ! BAD =MULATION WAS 9T5TIONAL4  ,IT HAD ATTRACT$ A B& ( IMM$IATE DISCIPLES1 !RE=E1 :O W]E NOT NE>LY SO CLOSELY ALLI$ TO ! ,HEGELIAN TEA*+ AS ! ,SOCIALI/S4  ,= ! ,HEGELIAN PHILOSOPHY LEFT M5 FREE 9 A S5SE ?AT NO O!R PHILOSOPHY HAD DONE OR C\LD DO4  ,IT LIB]AT$ ! WORLD FROM OBSOLETE CONDITIONS1 & LEFT NO /ONE UNTURN$ 9 ,*RI/5DOM4  ,IT PROCLAIM$ ! IDEA ?AT NO?+ WAS IMMUTABLE & ?AT EV]Y SOCIAL CONDITION CONTA9$ ! G]MS ( RADICAL *ANGE4 

     

,BAKUN9 & HIS FRI5D ,BIEL9SKY CAME TO SUPPORT !SE CONT5TIONS ( ,H]Z5 BE=E ! DAWN ( ! HUNGRY & REVOLUTION>Y =TIES4  ,BUT AT FIR/ BO? W]E REACTION>Y4 

     

,:E!R RI<T OR LEFT1 ,BAKUN9 9SI/$ ON ?OR\<NESS4  ,HE W5T TO ! V]Y DEP?S ( ,G]MAN METAPHYSICAL IDEALISM & HESITAT$ BE=E NONE ( ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CES ( HIS ?\<T4  ,HE APPLAUD$ IT BECAUSE IT WAS ! PHILOSOPHY ( AU?ORITY & ORD]1 & NOT ,H]Z5'S ALGEBRA ( REVOLUTION4  ,HE SPOKE ) CONTEMPTU\S IRONY ( ! 0PHILOSOPHICATIONS0 ( ,VOLTAIRE1 ,R\SSEAU1 ,DID]OT1 D',ALEMB]T1 & O!R ,FR5* WRIT]S1 :O HAD ASSUM$ ! GAUDY & UNM]IT$ TITLE ( PHILOSOPH]S4  ,HE D5\NCES ! TURBUL5T & RECRIM9ATIVE ,FR5* & CONDEMNS 0! FURI\S & SANGU9>Y SC5ES (0 !IR REVOLUTION1 ! 0AB/RACT & ILLIMITABLE0 :IRLW9D :I* 0%OOK ,FRANCE & ALL BUT DE/ROY$ H]40  ,HE REJOIC$ ?AT 0! PR(\ND RELIGI\S & ES!TIC FEEL+ ( ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE0 SAV$ IT FROM SU* EXP]I5CES4  ,HEGEL HAD RECONCIL$ ,BAKUN9 TO REALITY & OPPRESSION4  0,YES10 HE WROTE1 0SUFF]+ IS GOOD2 IT IS ?AT PURIFY+ FLAME :I* TRANS=MS ! SPIRIT & MAKES IT /EADFA/40 

     

,HE DECL>$ ?AT 0RECONCILIATION ) REALITY 9 ALL ITS RELATIONS & UND] ALL CONDITIONS IS ! GREAT PROBLEM ( \R DAY10 & MA9TA9$ ?AT REAL $UCATION WAS 0?AT :I* MAKES A TRUE & P[]FUL ,RUSSIAN MAN DEVOT$ TO ! ,CZ>40  ,HEGEL & ,GOE! W]E 0! LEAD]S ( ?IS MOVEM5T ( RECONCILIATION1 ?IS RETURN FROM DEA? TO LIFE40 

     

0,9 ,FRANCE10 HE ADD$1 0! LA/ SP>K ( ,REVELATION HAS DISAPPE>$4  ,*RI/5DOM1 ?AT ET]NAL & IMMUTABLE PRO( ( ! ,CREATOR'S LOVE = ,HIS CREATURES1 HAS BECOME AN OBJECT ( MOCK]Y & CONTEMPT = ALL4 4 4 4 ,RELIGION HAS VANI%$1 BE>+ ) IT ! HAPP9ESS & ! PEACE ( ,FRANCE4 4 4 4 ,)\T RELIGION1 !RE CAN BE NO ,/ATE & ! ,REVOLUTION WAS ! NEGATION ( ANY ,/ATE & ( ALL LEGAL ORD] 4 4 4 4 ,! :OLE LIFE ( ,FRANCE IS M]ELY ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! VOID 4 4 4 4 ',GIVE US :AT IS NEW1 ! OLD ?+S WE>Y US'-SU* IS ! WAT*WORD ( ! ,Y\NG ,FRANCE 4 4 4 4 ,! ,FR5* SACRIFICE TO ! FA%ION1 :I* HAS BE5 !IR SOLE GODDESS FROM ALL TIME1 ALL ?AT IS MO/ HOLY & TRULY GREAT 9 LIFE40 

     

,?IS 0,FR5* MALADY0 HAD ATTACK$ ! ,RUSSIAN 9TELLECTUALS1 :O 0FILL$ !MSELVES ) ,FR5* PHRASES1 VA9 WORDS1 EMPTY ( MEAN+1 KILL+ ! S\L 9 ! G]M1 & EXPELL+ FROM IT ALL ?AT IS HOLY & BEAUTIFUL40  ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY HAD TO 0AB&ON ?IS BABBL+0 & ALLY ITSELF ) 0! ,G]MAN WORLD ) ITS DISCIPL9$ CONSCI5CE0 & 0) \R BEAUTIFUL ,RUSSIAN REALITY40 

     

,?US SPOKE ! APO/LE ( ,CZ>ISM & ,PRUSSIANISM4  ,NO WOND] HE DESPIS$ ! /UD5TS AT ! ,>TILL]Y ,S*OOL4  ,NO WOND]1 :5 HE HAD PASS$ ?R\< ! VIOL5T *ANGE :I* TRANS=M$ HIM 9TO AN AN>*I/ & 5EMY ( ,CZ>ISM1 HE HAT$ EV]Y?+ ,G]MAN & ADOR$ MO/ ?+S ,FR5*4  ,IT MAY NOT HAVE BE5 REASONABLE4  ,BUT IT WAS V]Y HUMAN4  ,& ,BAKUN9 WAS NO?+ IF NOT HUMAN4  ,BY TEMP]AM5T HE WAS PASSIONATE & ELEM5TAL4  ,?IS FACT EXPLA9S ! COMPLETION ( HIS M5TAL *ANGE4 

     

,& SO ,BAKUN9 CAME TO SUPPORT ! CONT5TIONS ( ,H]Z5 ) A BOLDNESS & IRRESI/IBLE DIALECTIC ?AT M>K$ HIM \T AS ! MO/ BRILLIANT MEMB] ( A BRILLIANT GR\P ( DISPUTANTS4  ,H]Z5 WAS IMPRESS$ ) HIS 9COMP>ABLE 0REVOLUTION>Y TACT0 & TIRELESS 5]GY4  ,HE HAD MADE HIMSELF ?OR\<LY AT HOME ) ! ,G]MAN LANGUAGE & ! ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY4  ,PR\DHON NOT$ ! EFFECT ( !SE /UDIES & MA/]IES ON HIS ?\<T & /YLE :5 HE DECL>$ ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS A MON/ROSITY 9 HIS T]SE DIALECTIC & HIS LUM9\S P]CEPTION ( IDEAS 9 !IR ESS5CE4 

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,T\RG5IEFF ONCE 9V5T$ A ,NIHILI/ H]O1 NAM$ ,BAZ>(F4  ,?IS *>ACT] LIVES 9 MY M9D ONLY BECAUSE ( HIS REPLY TO A SKEPTICAL QUE/ION4  ,HE WAS ASK$ :E!R HE1 AS A ,NIHILI/ PROPAG&I/1 IMAG9$ ?AT HE 9FLU5C$ ! MASSES4  ,& HE REPLI$3 0,A HALFP5NY TALL[ DIP SUFFIC$ TO SET ALL ,MOSC[ 9 A BLAZE40  ,H]Z5'S NAME IS ASSOCIAT$ BY HIS NATIVITY ) ! IMMORTAL FLAMES ?US HUMBLY ORIG9AT$4  ,HE IS ! LI<T$ TALL[ TIP :I* BEGAN ! MI<TY CONFLAGRATION N[ ?REAT5+ TO CONSUME ! :OLE ( ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4  ,EV5 AS ! FLAMES SPREAD1 HE SPLUTT]$ & W5T \T4  ,BUT HE SET FIRE TO A R>E TOR* 9 ,BAKUN9-ONE :O WAS DE/9$ TO SPREAD ! SMOKE & ! FIRE ( REVOLUTION ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 

     

,?IS WORLD MISSION BEGAN 9 #a#h#d#a1 :5 ,BAKUN9 PROCE$$ TO ,B]L9 TO CONT9UE ! /UDIES COMM5C$ AT ,MOSC[4  ,HE WAS N[ A R$ AMONG R$S4  ,PHILOSOPH]1 ,REBEL1 ,SOCIALI/1 HE LEFT ,RUSSIA = ! FIR/ TIME4  ,! FOLL[+ YE> HE REMOV$ TO ,DRESD5 9 ORD] TO GA9 A NE>] ACQUA9TANCE ) ,>NOLD ,RUGE1 ! 9T]PRET] ( ,HEGEL1 ) :OM HE MO/ SYMPA?IZ$1 & TO PROCLAIM DEF9ITELY HIS RAPTURE ) ,CONS]VATISM & HIS ADHESION TO ! ,HEGELIANS 0( ! LEFT40  ,HE DID ?IS 9 HIS FIR/ REVOLUTION>Y ESSAY1 5TITL$ ! 0,REACTION 9 ,G]MANY10 CONTRIBUT$ TO ,RUGE'S 0,JAHRBU*]0 = #a#h#d#b1 ,NOS4 #b#d#g-#e#a4  ,AS IF ANXI\S TO EMPHASIZE HIS *ANGE ( FRONT ON ! RELATIVE WOR? ( ! ,FR5* & ,G]MAN SPIRIT1 ,BAKUN9 US$ ! 0NOM-DE-PLUME0 ( 0,JULES ,ELIZ>D10 & HAD ,RUGE PRET5D ?AT IT WAS A 0,FRAGM5T BY A ,FR5*MAN40 

     

,! >TICLE ITSELF %[$ ?AT ,BAKUN9 HAD NOT ALT]$ HIS E/IMATE ( ! ,FR5* & ,G]MAN SPIRIT4  ,HE HAD M]ELY *ANG$ SIDES CONSCI\SLY & DELIB]ATELY4  ,HE 5T]$ AN UNCOMPROMIS+ PLEA = REVOLUTION & ,NIHILISM4  ,! PR9CIPLE ( REVOLUTION1 HE DECL>$1 IS ! PR9CIPLE ( NEGATION1 ! EV]LA/+ SPIRIT ( DE/RUCTION & ANNIHILATION ?AT IS ! FA?OMLESS & EV]-CREAT+ F\NTA9 ( ALL LIFE4  ,IT IS ! SPIRIT ( 9TELLIG5CE1 ! EV]-Y\NG1 ! EV] NEW-BORN1 ?AT IS NOT TO BE LOOK$ = AMONG ! RU9S ( ! PA/4  ,! *AMPIONS ( ?IS PR9CIPLE >E SOME?+ MORE ?AN ! M]E NEGATIVE P>TY1 ! UNCOMPROMIS+ 5EMIES ( ! POSITIVE2 = ! LATT] EXI/S ONLY AS ! CONTR>Y ( ! NEGATIVE1 :IL/ ?AT :I* SU/A9S & ELEVATES ! P>TY ( REVOLT IS ! ALL-EMBRAC+ PR9CIPLE ( ABSOLUTE FRE$OM1 ,! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ]ECT$ ! ,TEMPLE ( ,LIB]TY1 ON :I* IT WROTE ! MY/]I\S WORDS3 0,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY1 & ,FRAT]NITY40  ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE NOT TO KN[ & FEEL ?AT !SE WORDS MEANT ! TOTAL ANNIHILATION ( ! EXI/+ WORLD ( POLITICS & SOCIETY4  ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE1 ALSO1 NOT TO EXP]I5CE A ?RILL ( PLEASURE AT ! B>E SUGGE/ION ( ?IS ANNIHILATION4  ,BUT ?AT WAS BECAUSE 0! JOY ( DE/RUCTION IS ALSO ! JOY ( CREATION40 

     

,! YE> AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( ?IS ESSAY1 ,BAKUN9 QUITT$ ,DRESD5 = ,P>IS1 AS HE BELIEV$ HE HAD LE>N$ ALL !RE WAS TO BE LE>N$ 9 ,G]MANY4  ,9 ! ,FR5* CAPITAL HE ID5TIFI$ HIMSELF ) ALL :O :]E NOT$ = !IR DECID$ VIEWS & REVOLUTION>Y AB&ON4  ,BUT A C]TA9 COMMUNITY ( ?\<T ATTRACTS HIM MO/ TO ,PR\DHON4  ,! LATT] HAD ANSW]$ ! QUE/ION 0,:AT IS ,PROP]TY80 ) ,BRISSOT'S REPLY1 GIV5 :5 /ILL A REVOLUTION>Y1 & SUBSEQU5TLY ADOPT$ BY ,FEU]BA* & ACCEPT$ BY ,BAKUN94  ,HE DECL>$ )\T HESITATION ?AT 0,PROP]TY HOLD]S >E ?IEVES40  ,HIS MOTTO WAS ! E>LY ,*RI/IAN MOTTO :I* APPEAL$ SO MU* TO ,BAKUN93 0,I WILL DE/ROY & ,I WILL REBUILD40  ,HE POSSESS$ AN 9T5SE ADMIRATION = ,HEGEL & BELIEV$1 AT LEA/1 PHILOSOPHICALLY1 ) ,BAKUN9 ?AT ! PROCESS ( DE/RUCTION WAS ALSO ! PROCESS ( CON/RUCTION4  ,H5CE ,BAKUN9'S FRI5D%IP4  ,IT MU/ BE CONFESS$1 H[EV]1 ?AT ,M>X'S E/IMATE ( ,PR\DHON AS AN ,UTOPIAN & A RE=MI/ :O UTT]$ BOLD & /RIK+ PHRASES IS MU* MORE TO ! PO9T ?AN ,BAKUN9'S VIEW ( ,PR\DHON AS A SOCIAL REVOLUTIONI/ ( ! FIR/ WAT]4  

     

,A FEW MON?S AFT] ?IS MEET+1 ,PR\DHON WAS OBLIG$ TO LEAVE ,P>IS = ,LYONS4  ,BAKUN9 WAS 9DUC$ BY HIS ,POLI% FRI5DS TO GO TO ,SWITZ]L&4  ,TWO YE>S LAT] HE WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! TRIAL ( ! ,SWISS ,SOCIALI/S4  ,HE WAS !REUPON DEPRIV$ ( HIS RANK AS A ,RUSSIAN (FIC] & HIS RI<TS ( NOBILITY4  ,9 ALL1 HE :ITTL$ AWAY FIVE YE>S 9 ! ,SWISS VILLAGES4  ,PROCE$+ TO ,P>IS AT ! 5D ( ?IS TIME1 HE H]E ?REW HIMSELF :OLEHE>T$LY 9TO ! /RUGGLE = FRE$OM4  ,HIS ACTIVITY BR\<T HIM 9TO CONTACT ) ,M>X4  ,NE>LY A QU>T]-(-A-C5TURY LAT]1 WRIT+ 9 ! YE> ?AT WITNESS$ ! DISA/] ( ! ,COMMUNE & ! BEG9N+S ( ! ,P>LIAM5T>Y DEBACLE1 ,BAKUN9 RECORD$ HIS IMPRESSION ( HIS GREAT ,G]MAN COLLEAGUE & OPPON5T3 

     

0,M>X WAS MU* MORE ADVANC$ ?AN ,I WAS AS HE REMA9S TO-DAY1 NOT MORE ADVANC$ BUT 9COMP>ABLY MORE LE>N$ ?AN ,I AM4  ,I KNEW !N NO?+ ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4  ,I HAD NOT YET RID MYSELF ( METAPHYSICAL AB/RACTIONS1 & MY ,SOCIALISM WAS ONLY 9/9CTIVE4  ,HE1 ?\< Y\NG] ?AN ,I1 WAS ALREADY AN ,A!I/1 AN 9/RUCT$ MAT]IALI/1 A WELL-CONSID]$ ,SOCIALI/4  ,IT WAS JU/ AT ?IS TIME 7#a#h#d#g7 ?AT HE ELABORAT$ ! FIR/ F\NDATIONS ( HIS PRES5T SY/EM4  ,WE SAW EA* O!R FAIRLY (T51 = ,I RESPECT$ HIM MU* = HIS LE>N+ & HIS PASSIONATE & S]I\S DEVOTION-ALWAYS MIX$1 H[EV]1 ) P]SONAL VANITY-TO ! CAUSE ( ! PROLET>IAT4  ,I S\<T EAG]LY HIS CONV]SATION1 :I* WAS ALWAYS 9/RUCTIVE & CLEV]1 :5 IT WAS NOT 9SPIR$ BY A PALTRY HATE1 :I*1 ALAS6 HAPP5$ ONLY TOO (T54  ,BUT !RE WAS NEV] ANY FRANK 9TIMACY BETWE5 US4  ,\R TEMP]AM5TS W\LD NOT SUFF] IT4  ,HE CALL$ ME A S5TIM5TAL IDEALI/1 & HE WAS RI<T4  ,I CALL$ HIM A VA9 MAN1 P]FIDI\S1 & CRAFTY2 & ,I1 ALSO1 WAS RI<T40 

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,NOVEMB] #b#i1 #a#h#d#g1 WAS ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,9SURRECTION ( ,W>SAW4  ,ON ?IS DATE ,P>IS WITNESS$ ,BAKUN9'S PRON\NCEM5T ( HIS CELEBRAT$ SPEE* TO ! ,POLES4  ,= ! FIR/ TIME A ,RUSSIAN WAS SE5 TO (F] A H& ( ,BRO!RHOOD TO ?IS MU* P]SECUT$ PEOPLE1 & R5\NCE PUBLICLY ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG4  ,HIS ORATION =M$ ! PROTOTYPE ( C\NTLESS O!R SPEE*ES ( ,RUSSIAN & ,POLI% REVOLUTIONI/S4  ,IT ACKN[L$G$ ! GRIEV\S 9JU/ICE DONE TO ! ,POLI% NATION BY ,RUSSIA1 & PROMIS$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION ( ! FUTURE W\LD NOT ONLY MAKE AM5DS = ?IS1 BUT W\LD REMOVE ALL ! EXI/+ DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! TWO LEAD+ ,SLAV FAMILIES4  ,IT W\LD1 CONSEQU5TLY1 UNITE ! L&S EA/ ( ! ,ORD] 9TO A PROP] & B5EFIC5T F$]ATIVE ,REPUBLIC4 

    

,IT MU/ NOT BE CONCLUD$ FROM ?IS SPEE* ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS ANTICIPAT+ ! ,POL& ( ,PILSUDSKI & ! ,ALLI$ F9ANCI]S1 ! TOOL ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4  ,HE WAS ANTICIPAT+ A ,SOVIET ,POL& & A ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 TWO ALLI$ L&S 9 :I* ALL P[] & AU?ORITY W\LD BE RE/$ 9 ! H&S ( TOIL]S & EXI/ ONLY 9 RESPONSE TO REAL NE$S ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION & ! PEOPLE'S WELL-BE+4  ,H5CE HIS SPEE* MADE A GREAT S5SATION4  ,! ,CZ>'S ,GOV]NM5T PLAC$ A REW>D ( #a1 RUBLES ON ! V5TURESOME ORATOR'S HEAD1 & DEM&$ HIS EXPULSION FROM ,P>IS4  ,HIS EV]Y MOVE WAS N[ WAT*$ BY ,RUSSIAN AG5TS4  ,GUIZOT-:O BUT A FEW YE>S BE=E HAD BE5 TOO POLITE TO REFUSE ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T'S REQUE/ = ,M>X'S EXPULSION-CONSEQU5TLY EXPELL$ HIM FROM ,P>IS4  ,LIKE ,M>X1 HE W5T TO ,BRUSSELS2 BUT HE HAD SC>CELY REA*$ H]E :5 ,P>IS EXPELL$ ,GUIZOT & ,L\IS ,PHILLIPPE FROM ,FRANCE4  ,! NEW ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T-?AT N[ 9VIT$ ! 0BRAVE & LOYAL ,M>X0 TO RETURN TO ! C\NTRY :5CE TYRANNY HAD BANI%$ HIM1 & :]E HE1 LIKE ALL FI<T+ 9 ! SACR$ CAUSE1 ! CAUSE ( ! FRAT]NITY ( ALL PEOPLES0 W\LD BE WELCOME-ALSO WELCOM$ ,BAKUN94  ,HE ACCORD+LY RETURN$ TO ,P>IS & PASSIONATELY ?REW HIMSELF 9TO ! NEW POLITICAL LIFE ?AT !N BEGAN4  ,BUT M5 LIKE ,M>X & ,BAKUN9-:O TOOK ! ,REPUBLICAN IDEAL 9 E>NE/ & REALIZ$ ! MAT]IAL REVOLUTION ?AT MU/ PREC$E ITS REALIZATION-W]E A M5ACE TO ! ,LAM>T9E & ,M>A/ ,GOV]NM5T4  ,BAKUN9'S DEP>TURE WAS A RELIEF TO IT4  ,HE W5T TO ! ,SLAVO-,POLI% ,CONGRESS ASSEMBL$ AT ,BRESLAU1 & AFT]W>DS ATT5D$ ! ,CONGRESS CONV5$ AT ,PRAGUE ON #a/ ,JUNE1 #a#h#d#h4  ,H]E HIS FAM\S ,SLAVONIC PROGRAM WAS WRITT54  ,UP TO ! TIME ?AT ,W9DISGRAETZ DISP]S$ ! CONGRESS ) ,AU/RIAN CANNON1 ,BAKUN9 WORK$ ) ! ,SLAVONIANS4  ,!SE EV5TS 9SPIR$ ,M>X'S FAM\S *APT]S ON 0,REVOLUTION & ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION40  ,TREAT+ ( ?IS POLITICAL /ORM P]IOD1 ,M>X S+S ! PRAISES ( ! G5]\S BRAV]Y1 ! NOBILITY1 & ! F>-SI<T$NESS ( ! SPONTANE\S REVOLT ( ! ,VI5NESE POPULACE 9 ! CAUSE ( ,HUNG>IAN FRE$OM4  ,HE CONTRA/S !IR ACTION ) ! 0CAUTI\S CIRCUMSPECTION0 ( ,HUNG>IAN ,/ATESMAN%IP4  ,P>LIAM5T>IANS HE DISMISSES AS POOR1 WEAK-M9D$ M51 SO LITTLE ACCU/OM$ TO ANY?+ LIKE SUCCESS DUR+ !IR G5]ALLY V]Y OBSCURE LIVES ?AT !Y ACTUALLY BELIEV$ !IR ,P>LIAM5T>Y AM5DM5TS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN EXT]NAL EV5TS4 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT PASSAGES >E ?OSE TREAT+ ( ! P>T PLAY$ BY ! MILIT>Y 9 TIMES ( REVOLUTION4  ,WE >E (T5 TOLD BY SO-CALL$ ,M>XI/S1 ! =M] SL&]]S ( ,BAKUN9 & ! PRES5T 5EMIES ( ,BOL%EVISM1 ?AT 0WE0 MU/ CAPTURE ! ,P>LIAM5T>Y MA*9E 9 ORD] TO CONTROL ! >M$ =CES4  ,)\T DISCUSS+ :O ! 0WE0 IS :O IS GO+ TO CAPTURE ?IS MA*9E1 ONE MAY V5TURE TO CITE ! FOLL[+ EXC]PTS FROM ,M>X'S PAGES1 PROV+ ?AT ,P>LIAM5T DOES NOT CONTROL ! >MY NOR EV5 ! EXECUTIVE AU?ORITY4 

    

0,BUT WE REPEAT3 !SE >MIES1 /R5G!N$ BY ! ,LIB]ALS AS A MEANS ( ACTION AGA9/ ! MORE ADVANC$ P>TIES444TURN$ !MSELVES AGA9/ ! ,LIB]ALS & RE/OR$ TO P[] M5 ( ! OLD SY/EM4  ,:5 ,RADETZKY 9 HIS CAMP BEYOND ! ,ADIGE RECEIV$ ! FIR/ ORD]S FROM ! RESPONSIBLE M9I/]S AT ,VI5NA1 HE EXCLAIM$3 ',:O >E !SE M9I/]S8 ,!Y >E NOT ! GOV]NM5T ( ,AU/RIA4'  ,AU/RIA IS N[ NO:]E BUT 9 MY CAMP2 ',I & MY >MY1 WE >E ,AU/RIA2 & :5 WE HAVE BEAT5 ! ,ITALIANS1 WE %ALL RECONQU] ! ,EMPIRE = ! ,EMP]OR4'  ,& OLD ,RADETZKY WAS RI<T1 BUT ! IMBECILE 'RESPONSIBLE' M9I/]S AT ,VI5NA HE$$ HIM NOT40-,*4 ,I,X4 

       

0,! >MY AGA9 WAS ! DECISIVE P[] 9 ! ,/ATE1 & ! >MY BELONG$ NOT TO ! MIDDLE CLASSES BUT TO !MSELVES4444,!444>MY1 MORE UNIT$ ?AN EV]Y1 FLU%$ ) VICTORY 9 M9OR 9SURRECTIONS & =EIGN W>F>E444HAD ONLY TO BE KEPT 9 CON/ANT PETTY CONFLICTS ) ! PEOPLE1 & ! DECISIVE MOM5T ONCE AT H&1 IT C\LD1 ) ON GREAT BL[1 CRA% ! ,REVOLUTIONI/S1 & SET ASIDE ! PRESUMPTIONS ( ! MIDDLE CLASS P>LIAM5T>IANS40 - ,*4,X4 

     

,9 !SE TR5*ANT WORDS1 ,M>X DESCRIBES H[ ! ,AU/RIAN >MY REGA9$ ITS CONFID5CE AT ,PRAGUE & S\NDS ! CALL ( BATTLE & SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y-ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM4  ,HE ?US ID5TIFIES HIMSELF & HIS WORK ) ! /RUGGLE & 5DEAVOR ( ,BAKUN94 

     

,DUR+ ?IS /ORM-P]IOD1 ,H]Z5 LEFT ,RUSSIA NEV] TO RETURN TO IT AGA94  ,= A TIME HE HAD RETURN$ TO ! S]VICE ( ! ,/ATE & SP5T HIS SP>E TIME 9 WRIT+ NOVELS1 ROMANCES1 & /UDIES ( MANN]S4  ,BUT ! MEANNESS ( HIS OCCUPATION \TRAG$ HIS SELF-RESPECT4  ,ONCE MORE HE TOOK UP ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,CZ>ISM4  ,ONCE MORE HIS P5 D5\NC$ DESPOTISM4  ,HE WROTE BOLDLY & BITT]LY & 5C\NT]$ P]SECUTION AS A MATT] ( C\RSE4  ,!N HE AB&ON$ HIS (FICE AS A B>RI/] & W5T 9TO EXILE4 

     

,IT WAS N[ ?AT ,H]Z5 PROCLAIM$ HIS GOSPEL ( UNIV]SAL NEGATION1 ! NE$ TO DE/ROY COMPLETELY ! EXI/+ POLITICAL WORLD4  ,HE D5\NC$ B\RGEOIS REPUBLICANISM1 :ATEV] MEANS W]E EMPLOY$ TO BR+ IT AB\T4  ,HIS GOAL WAS ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC1 :I* WAS TO BE BR\<T 9TO EXI/5CE BY BURY+ EXI/+ SOCIETY UND] ITS [N RU9S4  ,ONCE ABOLI%$1 ! OLD SOCIETY C\LD NEV] RECON/ITUTE ITSELF4  ,BUT ANO!R SOCIETY W\LD EM]GE 9EVITABLY-A BETT] & TRU] SOCIETY )\T D\BT4  ,H]Z5 C\LD NOT SEE BEYOND ?AT SOCIETY4  ,HE DID NOT KN[ :AT WAS TO FOLL[ IT4  ,BUT HE KNEW IT C\LD NOT BE ! 5D4  ,9 ?IS S5SE1 REG>D+ LIFE AS A CON/ANT F]M5T1 & VIEW+ ! OLD SOCIETY AS A REGIME ( DEA?1 ,H]Z5 SALUT$ ! PROSPECTS ( REVOLUTION ) ! WORDS 3- 

     

0,DEA? TO ! OLD WORLD6 ,LONG LIVE *AOS & DE/RUCTION6 ,LONG LIVE DEA?6 ,PLACE = ! FUTURE40 

     

,\T ( ! *AOS1 ,SOCIALISM WAS TO EM]GE3- 

    

0,SOCIALISM WILL BE DEVELOP$ 9 ALL ITS PHASES1 EV5 TO ITS UTT]MO/ CONSEQU5CES1 ! ABSURD4  ,!N1 ONCE AGA91 !RE WILL COME =? ! CRY ( NEGATION FROM ! TITANTIC BREA/ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY4  ,ONCE MORE1 ! MORTAL /RUGGLE WILL RECOMM5CE4  ,BUT 9 ! /RUGGLE ,SOCIALISM WILL TAKE ! PLACE ( ! PRES5T ,CONS]VATISM1 TO BE CONQU]$ 9 ITS TURN BY A REVOLUTION UNKN[N TO US4  ,! ET]NAL GAME ( LIFE1 CRUEL AS DEA?1 9EVITABLE AS BIR?1 CON/ITUTES ! FLUX & REFLUX ( HI/ORY1 'P]PETUUM MOBILE' ( LIFE40 

        

,?US ?\<T & WROTE ,H]Z5 0,BE=E ! ,/ORM0 :I* SWEPT OV] ,EUROPE 9 #a#h#d#h4  ,?AT /ORM LEFT P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! HAT$ B\RGEOIS1 0! PRIZE BEA/S ( ! ',NATIONAL4'0  ,HE DEVELOPS HIS !ORY ) GREAT] =CE 0,AFT] ! ,/ORM03 

     

0,WE >E NOT CALL$ UPON TO GA!R ! FRUITS ( ! PA/1 BUT TO BE ITS TORTUR]S & P]SECUTORS4  ,WE MU/ JUDGE IT1 & LE>N TO RECOGNIZE IT UND] EV]Y DISGUISE1 & IMMOLATE IT = ! SAKE ( ! FUTURE40 

     

,9 !SE WORDS1 ,H]Z5 *ALL5G$ ! 5TIRE CON/ITUTIONAL !ORY ( A GRADUAL CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[] BY ! PROLET>IAT UND] ,CAPITALISM4  ,HE D5I$ ?AT ,JESUS HAD CONQU]$ ,CON/ANT9E BY ! ,*UR* E/ABLI%+ ITSELF 9 ! ,CAPITOL4  ,HE SAW ! ORIG9AL PLAN ( TYRANNY BE+ DEVELOP$ & IMPROV$ 9 DETAIL1 BUT NEV] AB&ON$ NOR DE/ROY$4  ,! ,RE=MATION HEAD$ BY ,LU!R DID NOT EMANCIPATE ! PEOPLE4  ,IT ONLY SAV$ CL]ICALISM4  ,! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION DID NOT DE/ROY AU?ORITY4  ,IT CONS]V$ IT4  ,BUT ! COM+ ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION W\LD UPROOT & DE/ROY4  ,IT W\LD NOT WID5 ! P[] ( ! /ATES BUT DE/ROY !IR 5TIRE POLITICAL /RUCTURE4 

     

,AS ONE FOLL[S ,H]Z5 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS !ORY1 ONE KN[S ?AT HIS MESSAGE IS RADICALLY AT ONE ) ,M>X4  ,IT IS ! MESSAGE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4  ,& IT =E%AD[$1 )\T A D\BT1 ! REVOLUTION>Y NEGATION ( P>LIAM5T>ISM1 & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ,SOVIET RESPONSIBILITY4 

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,QUITT+ ,PRAGUE1 ,BAKUN9 FL$ TO ,G]MANY1 :]E HE WAS RECEIV$ ) OP5 >MS BY ! ,RADICAL ELEM5T4  ,H]E HE REMA9$ CONCEAL$ = SOMETIME1 FIR/ AT ,B]L91 !N AT ,DESSAU1 ,CO!N1 & V>I\S T[NS 9 ,SAXONY4  ,EV]Y:]E PURSU$ & EXPELL$ BY ! POLICE1 HE WAS A W&]] UNTIL ! 5D ( ,APRIL1 #a#h#d#i1 :5 HE SUCCE$$ 9 F9D+ EMPLOYM5T1 UND] AN ASSUM$ NAME1 AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,LEIPZIG4  ,H]E A CIRCLE ( ,BOHEMIAN /UD5TS EMBRAC$ BO? HIS REVOLUTION>Y & PANSLAVI/IC DOCTR9ES4 

     

,BAKUN9 N[ UNIT$ 9 OPPOSITION TO ,PALACKY-:OM ,M>X D5\NC$-! ,SLAVONIAN DEMOCRATS ) ! ,HUNG>IAN 9DEP5D5CE MOVEM5T & ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTIONI/S4  ,SUBSEQU5TLY HE TOOK COMM& AT ! DEF5SE ( ,DRESD5 & ACQUIR$ A GLORY :I* EV5 HIS 5EMIES HAVE NOT D5I$4  ,FROM ! #f? TO ! #i? ,MAY1 HE WAS ! V]Y LIFE & S\L ( ITS DEF5SE AGA9/ ! ,PRUSSIAN & ,SAXON TROOPS4  ,ON ! LAT] DATE1 :5 ALL WAS LO/1 ,BAKUN9 ORD]$ ! G5]AL RETREAT TO ,FRIEB]G ) ! SAME PR\D DIGNITY AS HE HAD ISSU$ HIS COMM&S = RESI/+ ! SIEGE & HAD 9SI/$1 ONLY ! DAY BE=E1 ON ! ,EUROPEAN IMPORTANCE ( ?IS DESP]ATE 5T]PRISE4  ,AT ,*EMNITZ HE WAS SEIZ$ BY TREA*]Y1 ) TWO ( HIS COMPANIONS2 & FROM ?AT TIME-#a? ,MAY1 #a#h#d#i-COMM5C$ HIS LONG M>TYRDOM4  ,EV5 !N HIS PR\D & C\RAGE\S DEMEANOR DID NOT DES]T HIM4  ,TW5TY-SEV5 YE>S AFT]W>DS1 ONE ( ! ,PRUSSIAN (FIC]S :O HAD GU>D$ ! PRISON] ON ! WAY ?R\< ,ALT5BURG /ILL REMEMB]$ ! CALMNESS & 9TREPIDITY ) :I* ! TALL MAN 9 FETT]S REPLI$ TO A LIEUT5ANT :O 9T]PELLAT$ HIM1 0?AT 9 POLITICS ! ISSUE ALONE CAN DECIDE :AT IS A GREAT ACTION & :AT A CRIME40 

     

,FROM ,AUGU/1 #a#h#d#i1 TO ,MAY1 #a#h#e1 ,BAKUN9 WAS KEPT A PRISON] 9 ! =TRESS ( ,KONI/E94  ,HE WAS !N TRI$ & S5T5C$ TO DEA? BY ! ,SAXON TRIBUNAL4  ,9 PURSUANCE ( A RESOLUTION PASS$ BY ! OLD ,DIET ( ! ,BUND 9 #a#h#c#f1 HE WAS DELIV]$ UP TO ! ,AU/RIAN ,GOV]NM5T & S5T 7*A9$7 TO ,PRAGUE 9/EAD ( BE+ EXECUT$4 

     

,! ,AU/RIAN ,GOV]NM5T ATTEMPT$ 9 VA9 TO EXTORT FROM HIM ! SECRETS ( ! ,SLAVONIAN MOVEM5T4  ,A YE> LAT] IT S5T5C$ HIM TO DEA?1 BUT IMM$IATELY COMMUT$ ! DEA? S5T5CE TO ONE ( P]PETUAL IMPRISONM5T4  ,9 ! 9T]VAL HE HAD BE5 REMOV$ FROM ! =TRESS AT ,GRATZ TO ?AT AT ,ALMUTZ1 AS ! ,GOV]NM5T WAS T]RIFI$ BY ! REPORT ( A DESIGN TO LIB]ATE HIM4  ,H]E HE PASS$ SIX MON?S *A9$ TO ! WALL4  ,AFT] ?IS1 ! ,AU/RIAN ,GOV]NM5T SURR5D]$ HIM TO ! ,RUSSIAN4  ,! ,AU/RIAN *A9S W]E REPLAC$ BY NATIVE IRONS ( TWICE ! WEI<T4  ,?IS WAS 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#h#e#a1 :5 ,BAKUN9 WAS TAK5 ?R\< ,W>SAW & ,VILNA TO ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 TO PASS ?REE WE>Y YE>S 9 ! =TRESS ( ,ALEXIS4  ,AT ,VILNA1 9 SPITE ( ! ?REATS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T1 ! ,POLES GA!R$ 9 ! /REETS TO PAY ! LA/ TRIBUTE ( SIL5T RESPECT TO ! H]OIC ,RUSSIAN ORATOR ( #b#g? ,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#d#g4  ,AS ,BAKUN9 DROVE PA/ !M 9 ! SL$GE1 !Y B[$ !IR HEADS ) AN AFFECTION NEV] ASSUM$ 9 ! PRES5CE ( EMP]ORS4  ,BAKUN9 UND]/OOD4  ,HIS =TITUDE DUR+ SIX YE>S' CONF9EM5T 9 ,RUSSIAN DUNGEONS %[$ ?AT HE WAS NOT UNWOR?Y ( !IR DEVOTION4 

        

,9 #a#h#e#d1 AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,CRIMEAN ,W>1 ,BAKUN9 WAS TRANSF]R$ TO ! CASEMATES ( ! DREAD$ =TRESS ( ,S*LUSSELBURG1 :I* ACTUALLY LIE B5EA? ! LEVEL ( ! ,NEVA4  ,:5 ,ALEX&] ,I,I4 ASC5D$ ! ?RONE 9 ,AUGU/1 #a#h#e#f1 HE HALF-P>DON$ MANY POLITICAL REFUGEES & CONSPIRATORS1 9CLUD+ ! ,DECEMBRI/S ( #a#h#b#e4  ,BAKUN9 WAS NOT AMONG !M4  ,:5 HIS MO!R PETITION$ ! ,EMP]OR1 ! LATT] REPLI$1 ) AFFABILITY1 0,AS LONG AS Y\R SON LIVES1 MADAME1 HE WILL NEV] BE FREE40  ,H[EV]1 #aheg SAW ,BAKUN9'S RELEASE FROM PRISON & REMOVAL TO ,EA/]N ,SIB]IA AS A P5AL COLONI/4  ,?REE YE>S LAT]1 ! ,EMP]OR REFUS$ TO LET ,BAKUN9 RETURN TO ,RUSSIA1 AS HE SAW 9 HIM 0NO SIGN ( REMORSE40  ,AFT] EI<T YE>S' IMPRISONM5T & F\R YE>S' EXILE1 HE HAD TO LOOK =W>D /ILL TO A LONG S]IES ( DRE>Y YE>S 9 ,SIB]IA4 

     

,TWO ( !SE DRE>Y YE>S HAD GONE :51 9 #a#h#e#i1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T ANNEX$ ! T]RITORY ( ! ,AMUR4  ,A BRI<T] PROSPECT WAS (F]$ ,BAKUN9 BY P]MISSION TO SETTLE H]E1 & TO MOVE AB\T ALMO/ AS HE PLEAS$4 

     

,A NEW FLAME WAS K9DL$ ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA-,G>IBALDI HAD UNFURL$ ! ,ITALIAN FLAG ( FRE$OM4  ,BAKUN91 AT #dg YE>S ( AGE & ) HIS PULSE FULL ( VIGOR1 C\LD NOT REMA9 A TAME & DI/ANT SPECTATOR ( !SE EV5TS4  ,HE DET]M9$ TO ESCAPE FROM ,SIB]IA4  ,?IS HE SUCCESSFULLY C>RI$ \T BY EXT5D+ HIS EXCURSIONS AS F> AS ,NOVO-,NIKOLAIEVSK1 :]E HE SECRETLY BO>D$ AN ,AM]ICAN CLIPP]1 ON :I* HE REA*$ ,JAPAN4  ,HE WAS ! FIR/ POLITICAL REFUGEE TO SEEK %ELT] !RE4  ,!NCE HE >RIV$ AT ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 CROSS$ ! ,I/HMUS ( ,PANAMA1 & CAME TO ,NEW ,YORK4  ,ON #b#f? ,DECEMB]1 #a#h#f#a1 HE L&$ AT ,LIV]POOL1 & ! NEXT DAY HE WAS ) HIS COMRADES 9 ,LONDON4 

     

0,BAKUN9 IS 9 ,LONDON6 ,BAKUN9 BURI$ 9 DUNGEONS1 LO/ 9 ,EA/]N ,SIB]IA1 RE-APPE>S 9 ! MID/ ( US FULL ( LIFE & 5]GY4  ,HE RETURNS MORE HOPEFUL ?AN EV]1 ) R$\BL$ LOVE = FRE$OM'S HOLY CAUSE4  ,HE IS 9VIGORAT$ BY ! %>P BUT HEAL?Y AIR ( ,SIB]IA4  ,) HIS RESURRECTION1 H[ MANY IMAGES & %AD[S RISE FROM ! DEAD6  ,! VISIONS ( #ahdh REAPPE>4  ,WE FEEL NO LONG] ?AT #ahdh IS DEAD6  ,IT HAS ONLY *ANG$ ITS PLACE 9 ! ORD] ( TIME60 

     

,SU* W]E ! GREET+S ) :I* ALL ,5GLI% LOV]S ( FRE$OM & MEMB]S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS COMMITTEES WELCOM$ ! APPROA* ( ! NEW YE> #a#h#f#b6 

     

,TO JU/IFY !SE EXPECTATIONS1 ,BAKUN9 SETTL$ D[N TO ! P>T $ITOR%IP ( ,H]Z5'S 0,KOLOKOL40 

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0,! SLI<TE/ CONCESSION1 ! SMALLE/ GRACE & COMPASSION WILL BR+ US BACK TO ! PA/ AGA91 & LEAVE \R FETT]S UNT\*$4  ,( TWO ?+S WE MU/ *OOSE ONE4  ,EI!R WE MU/ JU/IFY \RSELVES & GO ON1 OR WE MU/ FALT] & BEG = M]CY :5 WE HAVE >RIV$ HALF-WAY40 

      

 ,9 !SE T]MS1 WRITT5 9 A MOOD ( UNCOMPROMIS+ ,NIHILISM1 ,H]Z5 CONDEMN$ HIS [N C>E]4  ,:5 HE PUBLI%$ HIS PAMPHLET 0,BE=E ! ,/ORM10 9 ,ROME1 IT DID NOT SEEM POSSIBLE ?AT ! WORLD W\LD HAVE TO WAIT LONG = ! 9EVITABLE CONFLAGRATION4  ,! D[NFALL ( ALL EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS SEEM$ IMM95T4  ,SOCIALISM WAS ! GOSPEL ( Y\?1 ! HOPE ( HUMANITY1 ! GOAL TO BE ATTA9$4  ,& IT SEEM$ AS ?\< ! Y\? ( ! WORLD WAS AB\T TO COME 9TO ITS [N4  ,H]Z5 REVEL$ 9 ! ?\<T ?AT ! SPR+-TIME WAS AT H&3- 

  

0,:5 ! SPR+ COMES1 A Y\NG & FRE% LIFE WILL %[ ITSELF OV] ! :IT5$ SEPUL*]S ( ! FEEBLE G5]ATIONS :I* WILL HAVE DISAPPE>$ 9 ! EXPLOSION4  ,= ! AGE ( S5ILE B>B>ITY1 !RE WILL BE SUB/ITUT$ A JUV5ILE B>B>ITY1 FULL ( DISCONNECT$ =CES4  ,A SAVAGE & FRE% VIGOR WILL 9VADE ! Y\NG BREA/S ( NEW PEOPLES4  ,!N WILL COMM5CE A NEW CYCLE ( EV5TS & A NEW VOLUME ( UNIV]SAL HI/ORY4  ,! FUTURE BELONGS TO ,SOCIALI/ IDEAS40 

   

,BUT ! #ahdh UPHEAVAL FAIL$4  ,H]Z5 PROPHESI$ MORE VIGOR\SLY ?AN EV]4  ,HE CLAMOR$ /R5U\SLY & ABLY = UNIV]SAL DE/RUCTION4  ,BUT HIS FAI? 9 0WORDS & FLAGS1 9 ! DEIFICATION ( HUMANITY1 & ! ILLUSION ?AT SALVATION CAN BE ONLY EFFECT$ BY ! ,*UR* ( ,EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION0 DECL9$4  ,! WE/ 9 :I* HE PLAC$ SO MU* HOPE WAS DEAD4  ,& HE BEGAN HIS WE>Y 0RETURN TO ,RUSSIA0 9 ?\<T1 ?\< NOT 9 FACT4  ,= HE LIV$ & DI$ 9 EXILE4 

    

0,WE W]E Y\NG TWO YE>S AGO2 TO-DAY WE >E OLD10 HE WROTE 9 #a#h#e4  ,! CRU%+ ( ! ,FR5* ,LABOR MOVEM5T ANG]$ & DI%E>T5$ HIM4  ,HE BECAME A%AM$ ( HIS PRECI\S AFFECTION = ,EUROPE1 0BLU%$ = HIS PREJUDICES10 DECL>$ ?AT HE KNEW NO?+ ( ! L&S HE HAD LOV$ FROM ! DI/ANCE1 & HAD EMBELLI%$ !M ) 0M>VEL\S COLORS0 BECAUSE !Y W]E AS 0=BIDD5 FRUIT0 TO HIM4  ,UNIV]SAL SORR[ AT ! G5]AL *ECK RECEIV$ BY ! REVOLUTION ?R\<\T ,EUROPE DI/URB$ HIS \TLOOK & HE P\R$ \T HIS S5SE ( HOPELESSNESS & DESPAIR 9 HIS WORK1 0,FROM ! ,O!R ,%ORE40  

   

,BUT HE C\LD NOT QUITE GIVE UP HIS FAI? 9 REVOLUTION4  ,! ,WE/ HAD FAIL$ - BUT !RE WAS ,RUSSIA4  ,:Y %\LD NOT ,RUSSIA BECOME A ,SOCIALI/ ,/ATE )\T PASS+ ?R\< ,CAPITALISM8  ,H]Z5 SAW NO REASON 3 & SO 9 #ahea HE P5N$ ! PROPHETIC WORDS3 0,! MAN ( ! FUTURE 9 ,RUSSIA IS ! M\JIK1 JU/ AS 9 ,FRANCE HE IS ! >TISAN40 

   

,HE SAW ,RUSSIA EMANCIPAT+ ! WORLD & CONT9U$ 9 ?IS FAI? D[N TO ! R5EWAL ( HIS ASSOCIATION ) ,BAKUN9 9 ,LONDON4  ,AT ?IS TIME HE DEVELOP$ HIS IDEAS 9 0,! ,OLD ,WORLD & ,RUSSIA40  ,ALL ! ,/ATES - ! ,ROMAN1 ,*RI/IAN1 & FEUDAL 9/ITUTIONS1 ! P>LIAM5T>Y1 MON>*IAL1 & REPUBLICAN C5T]S - BUT NOT ! PEOPLE ( ,EUROPE WILL P]I%4  ,! COM+ REVOLUTION1 UNLIKE ANY PREVI\S *ANGE1 W\LD DE/ROY ! BASES ( ! ,/ATES4  ,9 L9E ) :I* UND]/&+ ( ! SOCIAL ISSUE1 ,H]Z5 OPPOS$ HIMSELF TO RE=MISM 9 ! FOLL[+ WORDS3- 

    

0,WE CAN DO NO MORE PLA/]+ & REPAIR+4  ,IT HAS BECOME IMPOSSIBLE TO MOVE 9 ! ANCI5T =MS )\T BREAK+ !M4  ,\R REVOLUTION>Y IDEA IS 9COMPATIBLE 5TIRELY ) ! EXI/+ /ATE ( ?+S40    

    

0,A CON/ITUTION IS ONLY A TREATY BETWE5 MA/] & SLAVE40  ,?IS DECL>ATION WAS MADE BY ,H]Z5 ALSO4  ,IT AT ONCE BECAME ! MOTTO ( ! ,RUSSIAN EXTREMI/S1 :O W]E FEW COMP>$ ) ! CON/ITUTIONALI/S :O WANT$ EI!R A LIMIT$ MON>*Y OR A REPUBLIC4  

   

,BUT ! BOLDNESS ( HIS ?\<T WAS P>ALYZ$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN *>ACT] ( HIS \TLOOK4  ,HE ATTEMPT$ TO TURN OPPORTUNI/ 9 PRACTICE 9 ORD] TO BR+ AB\T 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5TS 9 ,RUSSIA1 & BECAME DI%E>T5$ BY FAILURE4  ,HE COMPROMIS$ ) ! RELIGI\S SECT>IANS & CONSPIR$ ) ! PEASANTS4  ,! 9TRIGUE COLLAPS$1 & HE REPUDIAT$ ! ,NIHILISM HE HAD AB&ON$ 9 ORD] TO 9TRIGUE4  ,= PRACTICAL REASONS1 HE RETREAT$ FROM HIS REVOLUTION>Y POSITION1 & LEFT HIS COLLEAGUE1 ,MI*EL ,BAKUN91 TO SPREAD ! FLAME ( UNIV]SAL DE/RUCTION4  ,BUT ,H]Z5'S RETREAT WAS 9 DIRECT OPPOSITION TO ALL ?AT HE TAU<T & BELIEV$4 

  

,TO ,BAKUN9 HE WROTE1 /AT+ ?AT HE HAD NO FAI? 9 REVOLUTION>Y MEASURES & N[ /OOD = ,LIB]ALISM4  ,HE NEI!R WI%$ TO M>* AHEAD (1 NOR REMA9 BEH9D1 ! PROGRESS ( MANK9D4  ,! LATT] W\LD NOT - & C\LD NOT - FOLL[ HIM 9 HIS PASSION = DE/RUCTION1 :I* ,BASKUN9 MI/OOK = A PASSION = CREATION4 

    

,! TR\BLE WAS NOT ) ! REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM4  ,IT RE/$ ) ,H]Z5'S ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y COMPASSION = HIS FA!RL& ABOVE O!R L&S4  ,CONCESSIONS W]E MADE TO RELIGION & POLITICAL CONSPIRACY4  ,HE FAIL$ ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & !N D5I$ ITS TRU? BECAUSE HIS WORK SEEM$ TO 5D 9 SMOKE4  ,! VAPOR WAS ,H]Z5 NOT ,NIHILISM4 

    
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,:]EAS ,H]Z5 APPEAL$ TO A ,RUSSIAN AUDI5CE1 ,BAKUN9 DEM&$ A ,EUROPEAN ONE4  ,HE REMA9$ ! ,SLAV AT HE>T1 & ON ! ,9T]NATIONAL /AGE P>AD$ HIS HATR$ ( ! ,TEUTON4 

   

,9 ,LONDON HE ASSUR$ HIS ADMIR]S ?AT HE W\LD DEVOTE ! RE/ ( HIS LIFE TO ! W> ) ,CZ>ISM4  ,HE WANT$ TO BE 0A TRUE & FREE ,RUSSIAN10 H[EV]1 & TO KEEP (F ! ,T>T>S 9 ! ,EA/ & 0TO MA9TA9 ! ,G]MANS 9 ,G]MANY40  ,?IS ,NATIONALI/ T\* M>R$ ALL HIS WORK & S]I\SLY DI/RACT$ FROM HIS REVOLUTION>Y VIGOR 9 MOM5TS ( CRISIS4  ,BUT IT DID NOT SEEM TO HAMP] HIS 5]GY4 

   

,H]Z5'S PAP] /OOD = ! RE=M ( ,RUSSIAN (FICIALDOM1 NOT ITS DE/RUCTION4  ,BUT HE WAS NO MAT* = ,BAKUN9'S 5]GY1 ZEAL1 & AB&ON4  ,MORE & MORE DID ! 0,KOLOKOL0 BECOME ID5TIFI$ ) ! LATT]'S ,NIHILISM1 HIS APPLAUSE ( ! NEGATIVE PR9CIPLE1 & HIS D5UNCIATION ( ALL POSITIVE 9/ITUTION4  ,?IS ALT]$ POLICY WAS MA9TA9$ D[N TO #a#h#f#e1 :5 ! 0,KOLOKOL0 WAS TRANSF]R$ FROM ,LONDON TO ,G5EVA ONLY TO DIE4  

  

,F\R YE>S LAT] ,BAKUN9 DELIV]$ HIS FAM\S SPEE* TO ! ,PEACE ,CONGRESS AT ,B]NE4  ,HE IMPEA*$ MOD]N CIVILIZATION AS HAV+ BE5 0F\ND$ FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL ON ! =C$ LABOR ( ! 5ORM\S MAJORITY1 CONDEMN$ TO LEAD ! LIVES ( BRUTES & SLAVES1 9 ORD] ?AT A SMALL M9ORITY MI<T BE 5ABL$ TO LIVE AS HUMAN CREATURES4  ,?IS MON/R\S 9EQUALITY10 HE DISCOV]$1 RE/$ 

  

0,UPON ! ABSOLUTE SEP>ATION BETWE5 HEADWORK & H&-LABOR4  ,BUT ?IS ABOM9ATION CANNOT LA/2 = 9 FUTURE ! WORK+ CLASSES >E RESOLV$ TO MAKE !IR [N POLITICS4  ,!Y 9SI/ ?AT 9/EAD ( TWO CLASSES1 !RE %ALL BE 9 FUTURE ONLY ONE1 :I* %ALL (F] TO ALL M5 ALIKE1 )\T GRADE OR DI/9CTION1 ! SAME />T+ PO9T1 ! SAME MA9TA95CE1 ! SAME OPPORTUNITIES ( $UCATION & CULTURE1 ! SAME MEANS ( 9DU/RY2 NOT1 9DE$1 BY VIRTUE ( LAWS1 BUT BY ! NATURE ( ! ORGANIZATION ( ?IS CLASS :I* %ALL OBLIGE EV]YONE TO WORK ) HIS HEAD AS ) HIS H&S40  

    

,LAT] ON1 ,BAKUN9 REPUDIAT$ ,COMMUNISM 9 A PASSAGE ?AT HAS SO (T5 BE5 MIS9T]PRET$1 ?AT WE REPRODUCE IT AT L5G?3 

    

0,COMMUNISM ,I ABHOR1 BECAUSE IT IS ! NEGATION ( LIB]TY1 & )\T LIB]TY ,I CANNOT IMAG9E ANY?+ TRULY HUMAN4  ,I ABHOR IT BECAUSE IT CONC5TRATES ALL ! /R5G? ( SOCIETY 9 ! ,/ATE1 & SQU&]S ?AT /R5G? 9 ITS S]VICE 2 BECAUSE IT PLACES ALL PROP]TY 9 ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE1 :]EAS MY PR9CIPLE IS ! ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE ITSELF4  ,I WANT ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY & ! DI/RIBUTION ( PROP]TY TO PROCE$ FROM BEL[1 BY ! FREE VOICE ( SOCIETY ITSELF 2 NOT D[NW>D FROM ABOVE1 BY ! DICTATE ( AU?ORITY4  ,I WANT ! ABOLITION ( P]SONAL H]$IT>Y PROP]TY1 :I* IS M]ELY AN 9/ITUTION ( ! ,/ATE1 & A CONSEQU5CE ( ,/ATE PR9CIPLES4  ,9 ?IS S5SE ,I AM A ,COLLECTIVI/ NOT A ,COMMUNI/4 

    

,H]E ,BAKUN9 PROP\NDS ! OLD ,AN>*I/ FALLACY ( ! ,/ATE CREAT+ PROP]TY1 9/EAD ( ESP\S+ ! S\ND DOCTR9E ?AT PROP]TY NECESSITATES & CONDITIONS ! ,/ATE4  ,HE FI<TS ! %AD[ = ! SUB/ANCE4  ,HIS ASPIRATION AS TO SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ALL ,COMMUNI/S %>E4  ,& :5 HE REPUDIATES ,COMMUNISM = ,COLLECTIVISM1 !Y KN[ HE IS GIV+ A DIFF]5T MEAN+ TO !SE T]MS FROM ?AT :I* WE GIVE TO !M4 

    

,ACTUALLY1 HE IS EXPRESS+ HIS FE> ( A DICTATOR%IP4  ,BUT S9CE HE BELIEV$ 9 VIOL5CE1 :I* IS ! ESS5CE ( DICTATOR%IP1 WE DO NOT SEE ! PO9T ( HIS OBJECTION4  ,NO ONE BELIEVES 9 A P]MAN5T AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETY4  ,ALL REALIZE ?AT !RE MU/ BE A TRANSITIONAL P]IOD DUR+ :I* ! WORK]S MU/ PROTECT ! REVOLUTION & ORGANIZE TO CRU% ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4  ,EV]Y ACTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS DUR+ ?AT P]IOD MU/ BE ORGANIZ$1 MU/ BE P[]-ACTION1 & CONSEQU5TLY DICTATORIAL4  ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE EI!R = ,BAKUN9 OR = ANYONE ELSE TO ESCAPE FROM REALITY 9 ?IS MATT]4  ,TO DE/ROY P[] ! WORK]S MU/ SECURE P[]4,!RE IS NO O!R WAY4 

    

,! ADDRESS BECOMES HAPPI] :5 ! AU?OR TURNS TO ! QUE/ION ( RELIGION 3 BUT S9CE HE REPEATS1 WORD = WORD1 :OLE PASSAGES SUBSEQU5TLY REPRODUC$ 9 0,GOD & ! ,/ATE10 !RE IS NO NE$ TO CITE HIS REFLECTIONS4  ,BAKUN9'S ONE GREAT CONSI/5CY WAS HIS HATR$ ( ,GOD & ! IDEALI/S4 

    
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,BAKUN9'S PAN-SLAVISM WAS ! FATAL CONTRADICTION ?AT P>ALYZ$ HIS REVOLUTION>Y 5DEAVOR4  ,?IS WILL BE SE5 FROM HIS PAMPHLET 0,ROMAN(F1 ,PUGATS*EFF1 OR ,PE/AL10 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#f#b4  ,9 ?IS1 HE ANN\NC$ HIS WILL+NESS TO MAKE PEACE ) ABSOLUTISM PROVID$ ?AT ! SON ( ! ,EMP]OR ,NI*OLAS W\LD CONS5T TO BE 0A GOOD & LOYAL ,CZ>10 A DEMOCRATIC RUL]1 & W\LD PUT HIMSELF AT ! HEAD ( A POPUL> ASSEMBLY 9 ORD] TO CON/ITUTE A NEW ,RUSSIA1 & PLAY ! P>T ( ! SAVIOR ( ! ,SLAV PEOPLE4 

    

0,DOES ?IS ,ROMAN(F MEAN TO BE ! ,CZ> ( ! PEASANTS1 OR ! ,PET]SBURGIAN EMP]OR ( ! H\SE ( ,HOL/E9-,GOTTORP8  ,?IS QUE/ION WILL HAVE TO BE DECID$ SOON1 & !N WE %ALL KN[ :AT WE >E & :AT WE HAVE TO DO40 

    

,! ,CZ>'S SIL5CE ANG]$ ,BAKUN91 & HE RETURN$ AGA9 TO ,NIHILISM AS HE W\LD HAVE DONE 9 ANY CASE4  ,BAKUN9 WAS ALTOGE!R TOO LOYAL TO ! CAUSE ( REVOLUTION TO COMPROMISE ) ,CZ>S = ANY L5G? ( TIME4  ,BUT ! WEAKNESS WAS !RE1 & ! FACT MU/ BE RECORD$4  ,IT F\ND EXPRESSION ONCE AGA9 ) ! \TBREAK ( ! ,FRANCO-,PRUSSIAN ,W> & ! ,G]MAN 9VASION ( ,FRANCE4  ,BAKUN9 =GOT ! Y\? TO :OM HE HAD ISSU$ HIS REVOLUTION>Y APPEALS4  ,ALL HIS ANCI5T ,RUSSIAN 5MITY ( ! ,G]MANIC RACE-FROM :OSE ?9K]S HE HAD IMBIB$ ! MILK ( HIS PHILOSOPHIC DOCTR9ES-CAME \T4  ,HE AT ONCE ADDRESS$ AN APPEAL TO ! PLEASANTRY ( ALL C\NTRIES1 IMPLOR+ !M 0TO COME TO DRIVE \T ! ,PRUSSIANS40  ,! CAUSE ( ,FRANCE1 HE SAID1 WAS ! CAUSE ( HUMANITY4  ,& ! P[]FUL ,MUSCOVITE ,PRESS AGRE$ ) HIM4  ,BAKUN9 WAS AT ONE ) RUL+ CLASS ,RUSSIA4  ,9 BACK+ ,FRANCE1 HE WAS ACT+ AS BECAME A ,RUSSIAN & A PATRIOT1 NOT AS BECAME AN ,AN>*I/ & AN ,9T]NATIONALI/4  ,?IS IS OBVI\S FROM ! COMPANY 9 :I* HE F\ND HIMSELF4   

    
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,BAKUN9 \TL9$ ! CASE AGA9/ ,G]MANY1 & 5UNCIAT$ HIS !ORY ( ! HI/ORIC MISSION ( ! ,FR5*1 9 HIS 0,LETT]S TO A ,FR5*MAN AB\T ,! ,PRES5T ,CRISIS10 WRITT5 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#g1 & HIS PAMPHLET ON 0,! ,KN\TO-,G]MANIC ,EMPIRE40  ,HE DIS[N$ NATIONALISM & RACE1 & ! ,NAPOLEONS1 ,BISM>CKS1 & ,CZ>S :O FO/]$ PATRIOTISM 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY ! FRE$OM ( ALL NATIONS4  ,9 HIS EYES1 ?IS WAS A V]Y MEAN1 V]Y N>R[ & V]Y 9T]E/$ PASSION4  ,IT WAS FUNDAM5TALLY 9HUMAN & HAD NO O!R PURPOSE ?AN ! CONS]VATION ( ! P[] ( ! NATIONAL ,/ATE-?AT IS1 ! ATTEMPT$ EXPLOITATIONS & PRIVILEGES 9SIDE A NATION4  

    

0,:5 ! MASSES BECOME PATRIOTIC !Y >E /UPID1 AS >E TO-DAY A P>T ( ! MASSES 9 ,G]MANY1 :O LET !MSELVES BE SLAU<T]$ 9 T5S ( ?\S&S ) A SILLY 5?USIASM1 = ! TRIUMPH ( ?AT GREAT UNITY1 & = ! ORGANIZATION ( ?AT ,G]MAN ,EMPIRE1 :I*1 IF F\ND$ ON ! RU9S ( USURP$ ,FRANCE1 WILL BECOME ! TOMB ( ALL HOPES = ! FUTURE40 

    

,9 P5N+ ?AT1 HE DID NOT RECALL HIS [N PAN-,SLAVIC UTT]ANCES1 & ADVOCACY ( RACIAL ANTAGONISMS 9VOLV+ ! CONT9UATION ( GOV]NM5T & ! SUPPORT ( MILIT>ISM4 

    

,HI/ORY WAS %AV$ %AMEFULLY SO AS TO OPPOSE ! ,FRANCE ( #agic TO ! ,G]MANY ( ,BISM>CK4  ,NO?+ WAS SAID AB\T REVOLUTION>Y ,G]MANY4  ,! ,FRANCE :I* DEM&$ ,NAPOLEONS1 SUPPORT$ ,ROYALISM1 & FAVOR$ B\RGEOIS ,REPUBLICANISM1 WAS DISMISS$4  ,BAKUN9 WAS 5ABL$1 BY !SE MEANS1 TO PICTURE ! WORLD AS WAIT+ ON ! 9ITIATION ( ,FRANCE = ITS ADVANCE T[>DS LIB]TY4  ,FRANCE WAS TO DRIVE BACK ,G]MANY1 EXILE H] TRAITOR (FICIALS-& 9AUGURATE ,SOCIALISM6 

    

0,:AT ,I W\LD CONSID] A GREAT MIS=TUNE = ! :OLE ( HUMANITY W\LD BE ! DEFEAT & DEA? ( ,FRANCE AS A GREAT NATIONAL MANIFE/ATION3 ! DEA? ( ITS GREAT NATIONAL *>ACT]1 ! ,FR5* SPIRIT2 ( ! C\RAGE\S1 H]OIC 9/9CTS1 ( ! REVOLUTION>Y D>+1 :I* TOOK ) /ORM1 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY1 ALL AU?ORITIES ?AT HAD BE5 MADE HOLY BY HI/ORY1 ALL P[] ( HEAV5 & E>?4  ,IF ?AT GREAT HI/ORICAL NATURE CALL$ ,FRANCE %\LD BE MISS$ AT ?IS H\R1 IF IT %\LD DISAPPE> FROM ! WORLD-SC5E2 OR1-:AT W\LD BE MU* WORSE-IF ! SPIRIT$ & DEVELOP$ NATURE %\LD FALL SUDD5LY FROM ! HONOR$ HEI<T :I* %E HAS ATTA9$1 ?ANKS TO ! WORK ( ! H]OIC G5IUS ( PA/ G5]ATIONS-9TO ! ABYSS & CONT9UE H] EXI/5CE AS ,BISM>CK'S SLAVE3 A T]RIBLE EMPT9ESS WILL 5GULF ! :OLE WORLD4  ,IT W\LD BE MORE ?AN A NATIONAL CATA/ROPHE4  ,IT W\LD BE A WORLD-WIDE MIS=TUNE1 A UNIV]SAL DEFEAT40   

 ,WE NE$ ADD ONLY ?AT ! GREAT 0,FR5* ,SPIRIT0 MURD]$ 9 COLD BLOOD ITS COMMUN>DS 9 ! FAM\S ,MAY-,JUNE DAYS ( #a#h#g#a4 

   

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,AS A NATIONAL MANIFE/ATION1 ! ,FR5* ,SPIRIT WAS CONF9$ )9 T]RITORIAL B\ND>IES4  ,IT HAS BE5 SE5 ?AT ,BAKUN9 BELIEV$ ALSO 9 A ,RUSSIAN NATIONALISM1 B\ND$ ON ! ,EA/ BY ! ,T>T>S1 & ON ! ,WE/ BY ! ,G]MANS4  ,GIV5 !SE FRONTI]S1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE NOT TO BELIEVE 9 A ,G]MAN RACE1 B\ND$ ON ! ,WE/ BY ,FRANCE & ON ! ,EA/ BY ,RUSSIA4  ,?US ,BAKUN9 BELIEV$ 9 UPHOLD+ ! ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE4  ,HE AIM$ AT ! /ATUS QUO4  ,YET HE SAID 3- 

   

0,USURPATION IS NOT ONLY ! \TCOME1 BUT ! HI<E/ AIM ( ALL /ATES1 L>GE OR SMALL1 P[]FUL OR WEAK1 DESPOTIC OR LIB]AL1 MON>*IC1 >I/OCRATIC1 OR DEMOCRATIC4444,IT FOLL[S ?AT ! W> ( ONE ,/ATE UPON ANO!R IS A NECESSITY & COMMON FACT1 & EV]Y PEACE IS ONLY A PROVISIONAL TRUCE40 

   

,?IS IDEA WAS NOT WORK$ \T AT SOME O!R TIME1 UND] DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES1 BUT 9 !SE 0,LETT]S TO A ,FR5*MAN0 EULOGIZ+ ! NATIONAL SPIRIT4  ,HE ASS]T$ ?AT ALL ,/ATES W]E BAD1 & !RE C\LD BE NO VIRTUOS ,/ATE3- 

   

0,:O SAYS ,/ATE1 SAYS P[]1 OPPRESSION1 EXPLOITATION1 9JU/ICE-ALL !SE E/ABLI%$ AS ! PREVAIL+ SY/EM & AS ! FUNDAM5TAL CONDITIONS ( ! EXI/+ SOCIETY4  ,! ,/ATE NEV] HAD A MORALITY1 & CAN NEV] HAVE ONE4  ,ITS ONLY MORALITY & JU/ICE IS ITS [N ADVANTAGE1 ITS [N EXI/5CE1 & ITS [N OMNIPOT5CE AT ANY PRICE4  ,BE=E !SE 9T]E/S1 ALL 9T]E/S ( MANK9D MU/ DISAPPE>4  ,! ,/ATE IS ! NEGATION ( MANHOOD40 

   

0,SO LONG AS !RE IS A ,/ATE1 W> WILL NEV] CEASE4  ,EA* ,/ATE MU/ OV]COME OR BE OV]COME4  ,EA* ,/ATE MU/ F\ND ITS P[] ON ! WEAKNESS1 &1 IF IT CAN1 )\T DANG] TO ITSELF1 ON ! ABROGATION ( O!R ,/ATES4  ,TO /RIVE = AN ,9T]NATIONAL JU/ICE & FRE$OM & LA/+ PEACE1 & !RE) SEEK ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! ,/ATE1 IS A RIDICUL\S NAIVETE40 

   

,BAKUN9 HAD TO ESCAPE ?IS V]Y *>GE ( RIDICUL\S NAIVETE4 

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,! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS BELIEV$ 9 A PROGRESSIVE S]IES ( ,/ATE RE=MS & ,G]MAN UNITY ) ,PRUSSIA AS ! HEAD ( ! C5TRALIZ+ MOVEM5T4  ,BY SEIZ+ ON ?IS FACT1 ,BAKUN9 WAS ABLE TO GIVE PO9T TO HIS CASE = ! ,FR5* ,SPIRIT4  ,UNLESS1 H[EV]1 HE C\LD MAKE ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS AM5ABLE TO ?AT SPIRIT1 HE REMA9$ ! APOLOGI/ = ! ,FR5* ,/ATE4  ,HE C>EFULLY PO9T$ \T1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS W]E ANXI\S TO GO BEYOND !IR PROGRAM1 & W]E WAIT+ TO SOLIDATE ) ! ,FR5* WORK]S TO PROCLAIM ! ,UNIV]SAL ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC ( ! PROLETAIRES4  ,9 ?IS WAY1 HE DE/ROY$ 5TIRELY ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,FR5* ,SPIRIT4  ,& HE DID NOT WRITE ! TRU?4  ,! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS W]E NOT WAIT+ TO SOLIDATE ) ! ,FR5* WORK]S4  ,! ,FR5* WORK]S W]E NOT WILL+ TO 9ITIATE ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC4  ,SO CLEV]LY DID ,BAKUN9 RECONCILE HIS CONTRADICTIONS1 ?AT HE BURI$ HIS SUP]/ITION & ,AN>*ISM 9 ! SAME LOGICAL GRAVE4  ,IT IS WELL ?AT ?IS WAS ONLY A PASS+ AB]RATION1 ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS SO S9C]ELY PROLET>IAN ?AT ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS F\ND HIM ITS DEF5D] & EULOGI/1 & \R GRATITUDE = HIS VIGOR & AUDACITY 9 CONSEQU5CE EXCE$S \R REGRETS AT HIS LAPSES4  ,WE RECALL ?AT ALL HIS CONTEMPOR>IES1 9CLUD+ ,M>X1 NODD$1 & ?AT ! AGE ( ! GIANTS :O NEV] FAIL & >E SUP]IOR TO CIRCUM/ANCE HAS NOT >RIV$4 

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,BAKUN9 CLOS$ HIS /ORMY C>E] AT ,B]NE ON #a/ ,JULY1 #a#h#g#f4  ,HE HAD F\ND$ HIS ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,ALLIANCE & HAD BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! ,M>XI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4  ,HIS H]OISM & TIRELESS ZEAL COMM&$ ! RESPECT ( ALL :O SURVIV$1 & IT WAS DECID$ AT HIS FUN]AL TO RECONCILE ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS & ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ONE ASSOCIATION1 & TO BURY M9OR DIFF]5CES-NAMELY1 ! QUE/IONS ( ,P>LIAM5T>ISM & ,/ATE RE=MS6  ,?IS IDEA ( COMPROMISE WAS SUPPORT$ BY ! ,AN>*I/S & ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ?R\<\T ,EUROPE4  ,M>VEL\S WORDS ( REG>D W]E PAID TO ,BAKUN9'S MEMORY4  ,ON #g? ,AUGU/1 ! ,JURA ,F$]ATION ASSEMBL$ AT ,*AUX-DE-,FONDS & S5T A FRAT]NAL GREET+1 DRAWN UP BY ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME1 TO ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONGRESS AT ,GO?A4  ,F\R WEEKS LAT]1 ,WILHELM ,LIEBKNE*T REPLI$ 9 ! FOLL[+ T]MS3- 

   

0,! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/S HAS COMMISSION$ ME TO EXPRESS TO Y\ MY DELI<T OV] ! FACT ?AT ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ,JURA HAS EXPRESS$ ITSELF 9 FAVOR ( ! UNION ( ALL ,SOCIALI/S40 

   

,! EI<? ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL WAS HELD AT ,B]NE A MON? LAT]4  ,! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY S5T A DELEGATE :O EXPRESS$ ! FOLL[+ HOPE ( UNION3- 

   

0,! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY EXPRESSES ! DESIRE ?AT ! ,SOCIALI/S MAY TREAT EA* O!R ) MUTUAL CONSID]ATION1 SO ?AT1 IF A COMPLETE UNION IS NOT POSSIBLE1 !RE MAY BE E/ABLI%$ AT LEA/1 A C]TA9 UND]/&+1 9 ACCORDANCE ) :I* EV]YONE MAY PURSUE PEACEFULLY HIS WAY40 

   

,AT ! BANQUET1 :I* CONCLUD$ ! ,CONGRESS1 ,CAFI]O1 ! DISCIPLE ( ,BAKUN91 DRANK TO ! HEAL? ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/S2 & ,DE ,PAEPE TOA/$ ! MEMORY ( ,MI*EL ,BAKUN94  0,AN>*ISM0 KEPT COMPANY ) ,/ATE RE=MS & ,SOCIALISM WAS REG>D$ AS A ,P>LIAM5T>Y ISSUE1 OV] :I* ONE MU/ NOT GR[ PASSIONATE4  ,ALL ,BAKUN9'S FI]Y WORDS AGA9/ ! ,/ATE1 ALL HIS TALK ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 HIS HURRY+ ACROSS ,EUROPE TO BOO/ FIR/ ONE & !N ANO!R 9SURRECTION HAD 5D$ SEEM+LY 9-VAPOR1 SMOKE6 

   

,BUT ! ?+ WAS IMPOSSIBLE4  ,! EV5TS ( ! /ORM YE>S1 #ahdh & #a#h#g#a1 HAD MADE ! SAME IMPRESSION ON ,M>X AS ON ,BAKUN94  ,BO? BELIEV$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE1 9 9SURRECTIONAL POLITICS1 9 ! ,COMMUNE & NOT ! ,EMPIRE4  ,:ATEV] !IR P]SONAL QU>REL & !IR DIFF]5CE AS TO ! RIGID 9T]PRETATION ( ! ,M>XIAN =MULA1 BO? W]E G5U9E SOCIAL REVOLUTIONI/S1 ! REAL PIONE]S ( ! NEW SOCIAL ORD]1 ! MA/]S FROM :OM ,JOHN ,MO/ DREW HIS 9SPIRATION4  ,9 !IR DIFF]5CES1 EA* SIDE ]R$4  ,9 !IR FUNDAM5TAL ASPIRATION1 BO? W]E AT ONE4  ,NOT SO ) ,LASSALLE FROM :OM ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS DREW !IR FATAL 9SPIRATION1 :OSE MOTTO1 0,?R\< UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE TO VICTORY10 !Y SUB/ITUT$1 AFT] ! D[NFALL ( ! ,COMMUNE & ! DEFEAT ( ! PROLET>IAT1 = ,M>X'S MAGNIFIC5T3 0,WORK]S ( ALL L&S1 UNITE6  ,Y\ HAVE NO?+ TO LOSE BUT Y\R *A9S6  ,Y\ HAVE A WORLD TO GA960 

   

0,TO SET AB\T TO MAKE A REVOLUTION10 SAID ,LASALLE-! FA!R ( ?AT ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY :I* BURI$ ITSELF & ATTEMPT$ TO MURD] \TRI<T ! ,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT 9 ! WORLD W> ( #a#i#a#d-#a#h-0IS ! FOLLY ( IMMATURE M9DS1 :I* HAVE NO NOTION ( ! LAWS ( HI/ORY40  ,9 ?IS SPIRIT1 HE 9T]PRET$ ! EV5TS ( #ahdh & #ahdi AS AN >GUM5T =-DIRECT UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE6  ,) ! MOVEM5T F\ND$ TO MA9TA9 ?IS PR9CIPLE & WORK T[>DS ?IS MIDDLE CLASS 5D1 ! ,AN>*I/S S]I\SLY ?\<T ( ID5TIFY+ !MSELVES6  ,!Y IMAG9$ ?IS TO BE AN HONOR TO ,BAKUN91 JU/ AS ! ,M>XI/S ?\<T !Y W]E HONOR+ ,M>X BY REPUDIAT+ HIS REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES4 

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0,& SO Y\ ?9K ?AT ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 W]E AT ONE10 SAID MY FRI5D4 

   

0,YES10 ,I REPLI$1 0,I ?9K ?AT !Y W]E AT ONE4  ,I BELIEVE ?AT !Y W]E ONE 9 PURPOSE & 9 ASPIRATION4  ,BUT !Y ACCOMPLI%$ DI/9CT TASKS & S]V$ DIFF]5T FUNCTIONS4  ,IT W\LD NOT DO = US ALL TO ACT ! SAME P>T4  ,FITT$ BY TEMP]AM5T TO 5ACT A PECULI> ROLE1 EA* MAN FELT HIS WORK TO BE A SPECIAL CALL1 ! ONE AIM ( LIFE4  ,?IS DEVELOP$ /RONG P]SONALITY4  ,& :5 ! TWO /RONG P]SONALITIES CAME 9TO CONFLICT ?R\< ! NATURE ( !IR RESPECTIVE TASKS1 ! NATURAL ANTAGONISMS ( !IR TEMP]AM5T DISPLAY$ !MSELVES4  ,!N CAME FOOLS1 :O CALL$ !MSELVES DISCIPLES ( ! WISE M51 & MAGNIFI$ !IR ACCID5TAL COLLISIONS 9TO VITAL DISCORDS ( PURPOSE4  ,DO WE NOT KN[-! FRI5D :O P]SUADES US TO QU>REL8  ,& DO WE NOT KN[ ! 'DISCIPLES' :O >E ACTUALLY /REET BRAWL]S ( A REF9$ ORD]8  ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 HAVE SUFF]$ AT ! H&S ( !SE M5TAL NUMSKULLS40 

   

0,BUT H[ W\LD Y\ DEF9E ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO M510 PURSU$ MY FRI5D4 

   

0,V]Y EASILY10 ,I ANSW]$1 0,M>X DEF9$ ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 :IL/ ,BAKUN9 EXPRESS$ IT4  ,! FIR/ /OOD = ! 9V9CIBLE LOGIC ( ! CAUSE4  ,! SECOND CONC5TRAT$ 9 HIS [N P]SON ITS UNQU5*ABLE SPIRIT4  ,M>X WAS AN IMPREGNABLE ROCK ( FIR/ PR9CIPLES1 REMORSELESSLY COMPOS$ ( FACTS4  ,HE DW>F$ ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY & WITNESS$ TO ! 9DE/RUCTABILITY ( ,SOCIALISM4  ,HE 9C>NAT$ ! PROLET>IAN UPHEAVAL4  ,HE WAS ! IMMOVABLE M\NTA9 ( ! REVOLUTION4  ,BAKUN91 ON ! O!R H&1 WAS ! TEMPE/4  ,HE SYMBOLIZ$ ! COM+ FLOOD4  ,BO? W]E GREAT BRAVE M52 & TOGE!R !Y GAVE COMPLET5ESS TO ! C]TITUDE ( REVOLUTION4  ,!Y PROMIS$ SUCCESS BY L& & BY WAT]4  ,!Y SYMBOLIZ$ 9EXHAU/IBLE PATI5CE1 UNWE>Y+ /ABILITY1 9EVITABLE GR[?1 & TIRELESS1 RESI/LESS ATTACK4  ,:O CAN CONCEIVE ( A WORLD NOT MADE UP ( L& & WAT]8  ,:O CAN CONCEIVE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION )\T ! WORK ( ,M>X & ,BAKUN980 

   

,BUT MY FRI5D WAS NOT CONV9C$1 SO WE TURN$ TO O!R SUBJECTS4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiai 3 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ,COMMUNI/ -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #b#a1 #bba 3 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ,COMMUNI/ -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ,COMMUNI/ -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/