,MILITANT ,AN>*ISM & ! ,REALITY 9 ,SPA9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y 

,TAGS 3 ECONOMIC UNITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 UNITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ECONOMY DIRECT$ BY ! WORK]S1 ACTION ( ! WORK]S1 S5SE ( SACRIFICE1 RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 ECONOMIC UNITY1 WORK+ CLASS1 JULY #a#i?1 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,ELIAS ,S*EWEL1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE 0,!Y ,%ALL ,NOT ,PASS60  

,!Y %ALL NOT PASS6 ,E'5 %\LD !Y W9 ! DAY1 
,!IR VICT'RY TURNS TO DU/ & A%ES /ILL2  
,:AT ?O' ! TYRANTS %\LD \R BODIES SLAY1  
,! SPIRIT FREE LIVES ON & 'SCAPES !IR WILL4 
      ,IT %ALL NOT BE6 ,LET !M DO :AT !Y MAY1  
              ,!Y %ALL NOT PASS6  

 ,!Y %ALL NOT PASS6 ,E'5 %\LD !Y W9 ! DAY1  
,:5 ALL HAVE GIV5 !IR LIVES = LIB]TY1  
,TYRANTS WILL KN[ ! PRICE !Y HAVE TO PAY  
,T'5?RALL$ A PEOPLE FI<T+ TO BE FREE4 
      ,IT %ALL NOT BE6 ,LET !M DO :AT !Y MAY1  
             ,!Y %ALL NOT PASS6  

 ,!Y %ALL NOT PASS6 ,E'5 %\LD !Y W9 ! DAY1  
,:5 M5 AS YET UNBORN %ALL READ ! /ORY1  
,!Y'LL JUDGE 'TWIXT ?OSE :O /OOD 9 ,FRE$OM'S WAY1 
 ,& US :O DI$ = H]2 :OSE IS ! GLORY4 
      ,IT %ALL NOT BE6 ,LET !M DO :AT !Y MAY1  
             ,!Y %ALL NOT PASS6  

 ,:AT ?O' ) HIREL+ HORDES !Y BURN & SLAY1  
,& /ONE BUILT =TRESSES BE=E !M FALL1  
,!RE'S SOME?+ /RONG] YET %ALL B> ! WAY1  
,\R FIRM RESOLVE ?AT /ILL DEFIES !M ALL4 
      ,!RE=E WE CRY1 0,LET !M DO :AT !Y MAY1  
             ,!Y %ALL NOT PASS60  

        -,FROM ! ,CATALAN ( ,APELLES ,MA/RES4  

 ,M,I,L,I,T,A,N,T ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M  
& !  
,R,E,A,L,I,T,Y 9 ,S,P,A,94  

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 ,BY ,F,$,],I,C,A ,M,O,N,T,S,5,Y4  

,QUOT$ FROM A SPEE* BY ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y1 ,M9I/] ( ,PUBLIC ,HEAL?1 AT A ,C4,N4,T4-,F4,A4,I4 PROPAG&A CONF]5CE3-  

0,I WI% TO SAY ?AT WE ,AN>*I/S HAVE NEV] *ANG$ \R POSITION4 ,WE >E ,AN>*I/S AS ( OLD & /ILL PURSUE ! SAME IDEALS4 ,9 NO P>T ( ! WORLD BE=E HAS ,AN>*ISM EXI/$ AS WE F9D IT TO-DAY 9 ,SPA94 ,IT IS NECESS>Y = US TO UND]/& ! MANN] 9 :I* ! MILIT>Y PUTS* ( ,JULY #a#i? WAS BR\<T AB\T & ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( ! EV5TS BE+ =ESE54  

0,WE TRI$ MANY TIMES BE=E TO SPE$ ON ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA92 ATTEMPT$ TO /IR UP ! FEEL+S ( ! PEOPLE & TO RAISE ! BANN] ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 ,S9CE ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC WE W]E ! ONLY ONES :O KEPT ! MASSES ALIVE2 ! ONLY ONES :O REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO !IR REVOLUTION>Y CRE$4 ,)\T \R CONT9U$ VIGILANCE1 ,SPA9 TO-DAY W\LD BE V]Y DIFF]5T4 ,A TIMID DEMOCRACY1 A RE=MI/ SOCIALISM W\LD HAVE HELD BACK ! MASSES4 ,\R CON/ANCY1 SAME MI<T CALL IT \R MADNESS1 WAS NECESS>Y TO WE> D[N ! OPPRESSIVE =CES ( ! OLD DEMOCRACY :I*1 9 ,SPA91 WAS A HUNDR$ YE>S BEH9D ! TIMES4  

0,& !N CAME ! MILIT>Y REVOLT :I*1 BY ! H]OIC ACTION ( ! WORK]S1 WAS QUELL$4 ,?IS ACTION ( ! WORK]S CON/ITUTES1 P]HAPS ONE ( ! GREATE/ EV5TS ( ! PA/ YE>S4  

0,AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION A /RONG MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES DEVELOP$ 9 ,SPA91 :I* IS ! BE/ REPLY TO FASCISM4 ,SPA9 ,IS ! FIR/ & ONLY NATION TO FACE UP TO FASCISM SQU>ELY & TO ?R[ H]SELF 9TO A REVOLUTION ?AT IS G5U9ELY ,SPANI%1 COMPLETELY ORIG9AL1 & HAV+ NO RELATION ) ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION OR ! REC5T UPRIS+S 9 ,AU/RIA4 ,I DO NOT ?9K ,I SAY TOO MU* :5 ,I SAY ?AT IF ! PEOPLE HAD NOT BE5 $UCAT$ BY US ,9 A REVOLUTION>Y MANN]1 ! POPUL> REACTION ( ! MASSES W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE4 ,?AT IS \R TRIUMPH4 ,IT IS ! MO/ PRECI\S LAUREL WE1 AS ,AN>*I/S1 TREASURE4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO SEP>ATE ! IDEAL FROM ! REAL AT ! PO9T :]E ! IDEAL BECOMES /ATION>Y & FIX$4 ,AN IDEAL :I* BECOMES /AGNANT1 :I* HAS NO FLEXIBILITY1 :I* HAS NO ADJU/IBILITY1 :I* CANNOT REACT & :OSE REPRES5TATIVES CANNOT RESPOND 9 ACCORDANCE ) CIRCUM/ANCES SU* AN IDEAL IS DE/9$ TO BE SET AP>T4  

0,BUT WE ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S HAD ! CAPACITY TO DO ?IS4 ,)\T DEP>T+ FROM \R ,AN>*I/ IDEAL & )\T R5\NC+ ITS TRUE MEAN+ 9 FACE ( ! HI/ORICAL SITUATION & ! ,SPANI% MOVEM5T1 WE KNEW H[ TO ADAPT \RSELVES4 ,AU?ORITY IS SOME?+ FROM :I* WE >E CON/ANTLY SUBTRACT+1 ( :I* !RE REMA9S ALWAYS A RESIDUE1 & :I* WE ATTEMPT TO MAKE SMALL] & SMALL]4 ,?IS IS ! MORAL & PHYSICAL PR9CIPLE :I* WE ,AN>*I/S PUT 9TO PRACTICE 9 ,SPA94 ,= EXAMPLE1 IF ON ,JULY #a#i? WE HAD ATTEMPT$1 AS WE C\LD HAVE DONE1 TO PROCLAIM ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM 9 ,CATALONIA1 ! RESULTS W\LD HAVE BE5 DISA/R\S1 JU/ AS IT W\LD HAVE BE5 HAD A LIKE ATTEMPT BE5 MADE BY ! TOTALIT>IAN COMMUNI/S OR BY ! SOCIALI/S4 ,AL?\< ,IT MAY BE \R AIM1 TO ATTEMPT A TOTAL CONQUE/ AT ?AT TIME W\LD HAVE MEANT A BROK5 FRONT1 & CONSEQU5TLY FAILURE4 ,! FACT ,IS ?AT WE W]E ! FIR/ TO MODIFY \R ASPIRATIONS1 ! FIR/ TO UND]/& ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,9T]NATIONAL FASCISM WAS ,9 ITSELF GREAT 5\<4 ,! /RUGGLE IS SO GREAT ?AT ! TRIUMPH OV] FASCISM ALONE IS WOR? ! SACRIFICE ( \R LIVES4 ,FASCISM :I* DESIRES TO BECOME ! MA/] ( ALL ?OSE :O >E FREE 9 SPIRIT1 ,EV]YONE-FROM ! MO/ MOD]ATE ,REPUBLICAN TO ! MO/ EXTREME ,AN>*I/-HAS PLAC$ !IR HOPE & FAI? ,9 ! /RUGGLE :I* UNITES !M4  

0,!RE >E ,AN>*I/S 9 O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD :O >E UNABLE TO1 COMPREH5D ! POSITION ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S4 ,I DO NOT PRET5D TO C5SOR !SE ,AN>*I/S4 ,= US1 \R POSITION HAD TO BE ONE ?+ OR ! O!R4 ,TO CONT9UE 9 OPPOSITION1 :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 IMPOSSIBLE UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 OR TO TAKE \R PLACE AS ! CIRCUM/ANCES COMM&$4  

0,& SO 9 OB$I5CE TO CIRCUM/ANCES WE 5T]$ ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T & ! G5]ALIDAD4 ,WE ?9K BY DO+ SO WE WILL AVOID A REPETITION ( ! FATE ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 O!R C\NTRIES :]E O!R ORGANIZATIONS ASSUM$ ! DIRECTION ( ! REVOLUTION TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,?IS CANNOT TAKE PLACE 9 ,SPA9 BECAUSE ( \R DET]M9$ ACTION1 BECAUSE ( ! CON/RUCTIVE SIGNIFICANCE WE >E GIV+ TO ! REVOLUTION 9SPIR$ BY ! IDEALS ( ,AN>*ISM4  

0,NO ONE BUT \RSELVES CAN REALIZE ! EXTRAORD9>Y HUMAN EF=T IT REPRES5T$ = ?OSE :O1 9DIVIDUALLY & COLLECTIVELY1 = MORE ?AN A C5TURY HAVE SPECIALIZ$ 9 CRITICISM & OPPOSITION1 TO BECOME TRANS=M$ SUDD5LY FROM A DE/RUCTIVE TO A CON/RUCTIVE =CE4 ,A SY/EM WE HAD V[$ TO DE/ROY & :I* WE FRANKLY DID NOT ?9K W\LD CRUMBLE SO SOON 9 ,SPA9 FELL SO QUICKLY ?AT :5 ! MOM5T CAME WE W]E LEFT SOME:AT CONFUS$ BE=E ! FUNDAM5TAL PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ( ECONOMIC ORD] FAC+ US4 ,& IT WAS \R GOOD =TUNE ?AT AMONG ALL ! =CES FI<T+ FASCISM 9 SPITE ( ! DEFECTS1 ! FAILURES1 ! ]RORS & 9EXP]I5CE 9 ?AT CRITICAL H\R1 WE CON/ITUT$ A =CE ?AT KNEW FROM :]E ,IT CAME & TO :]E ,IT WAS GO+4  

0,BECAUSE ( ALL ?IS1 BECAUSE ( ! MAGNITUDE ( ! /RUGGLE1 BECAUSE ( ! NEW & V>Y+ PROBLEMS CREAT$ DAILY & 9CREAS$ BY ! CON/ANT RE9=CEM5TS RECEIV$ BY ! 5EMY FROM 9T]NATIONAL FASCISM1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO CREATE AMONG US A CON/RUCTIVE & PRACTICAL S5SE IMPOS$ BY REALITY4  

0,AH6 ALL[ ME AT ?IS  MOM5T TO EXPRESS A LITTLE ( ! BITT]NESS ?AT ,I FEEL6 ,LET ME TELL ! ,AN>*I/S ( ALL ! WORLD6 ,?OSE ,AN>*I/S :O HAVE NOT UND]/OOD US & ?OSE :O HAVE CRITICIZ$ US DEEPLY6 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO LIVE 9 ,SPA9 & EXP]I5CE ! REALITY BE=E =M+ AN OP9ION4 ,IF ALL \R COMRADES ( ,EUROPE1 ,AM]ICA & O!R C\NTRIES1 :O DO NOT UND]/& :AT WE >E DO+ TO ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM1 W\LD COME TO ,SPA91 WE C\LD !N SEE H[ !Y W\LD REACT4 ,IF !Y HAD BE5 H]E WE W\LD HAVE SE5 H[ !Y REACT$ BE=E ! EV5TS :I* HAVE OCCURR$ & BE=E REALITIES1 V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ANY?+ WE EV] DREAM$ (4  

0,! IDEALS >E ! SAME BUT AT TIMES1 ONE HAS TO *ANGE EV5 ONE'S OP9ION ( FACTS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 NO ONE C\LD HAVE =ESE5 ?AT WE W\LD HAVE SIMULTANE\SLY REVOLUTION & W>4 ,NOT A CIVIL W> LIKE ?OSE ( ! PA/1 :]E ! =CES W]E EQUAL2 BUT A MOD]N W> 9 :I* WE W]E ! WOR/ EQUIPP$1 ETC4 ,\R M5 POORLY >M$1 )\T PLANS1 C\LD NOT FI<T AGA9/ >MIES P]FECTLY EQUIPP$ ACCORD+ TO ! /&>DS ( TO-DAY1 & RE9=C$ BY REGUL> =CES FROM ,ITALY & ,G]MANY1 SPECIALI/S 9 W>F>E1 & ) AN IRON DISCIPL9E :I* MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO RETREAT4 ,ONE DOES NOT SEE ! SIZE ( A M\NTA9 UNTIL ONE DRAWS AWAY FROM IT4 ,BUT AWAY 9 ! DI/ANCE WE TURN & LOOK & WOND]4 ,HAVE WE REALLY COME SO F>8 ,H[ DID WE MANAGE TO OV]COME SO MANY S]I\S DIFFICULTIES 9 SU* A CRUEL & UNEQUAL /RUGGLE8  

0,BUT N[ A /ILL GREAT] PROBLEM FACES US4 ,A PROBLEM BESIDES :I* ! PROBLEM ( ! W> SEEMS EASY4 ,= ! W>1 A COMMON CAUSE AGA9/ A COMMON 5EMY1 MADE IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE & TO MA9TA9 ! UNITY ( ALL ! ANTI-FASCI/ =CES-,REPUBLICANS1 ,SOCIALI/S1 ,COMMUNI/S & ,AN>*I/S4  

0,BUT IMAG9E ! PANORAMA ONCE ! W> IS OV] ) ! DIFF]5T IDEOLOGICAL =CES ?AT WILL ATTEMPT TO IMPOSE !MSELVES1 ONE AGA9/ ! O!R4 ,! W> OV]1 ! PROBLEM WILL RISE 9 ,SPA9 ) ! SAME *>ACT]I/ICS AS IT HAD 9 ,FRANCE & ,RUSSIA4 ,WE MU/ PREP>E \RSELVES N[4 ,WE MU/ DECL>E \R PO9T ( VIEW SO ?AT ! O!R ORGANIZATIONS1 WILL KN[ :AT TO EXPECT4 4 4 4 ,WE MU/ LOOK = ! PLAT=M1 = ! PO9T ( CONTACT :I* WILL P]MIT US ) ! GREATE/ AM\NT ( FRE$OM1 & ) A M9IMUM PLAN ( ECONOMICAL REALIZATION TO CONT9UE ON \R ROAD UNTIL WE REA* ! GOAL4  

0,WE HAVE ALREADY SPOK5 ( :AT WE WANT1 ONCE ! W> IS 5D$4 ,:AT WE SAY TO-DAY WE SAID BE=E ! W>1 ,SOME?+ CONSUB/ANTIAL ) ! V]Y HI/ORY ( ,SPA91 ) ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! PEOPLE MANIFE/$ 9 EV]Y MOM5T ( !IR LIVES4 ,EV]Y HI/ORIC MOVEM5T ( ,SPA9 HAS AFFIRM$ ALWAYS ! ATTITUDE ( ! PEOPLE AGA9/ A C5TRAL & ABSORB+ P[]4 ,AGA9/ IMP]IALISM1 AGA9/ >ROGANCE & TYRANNY4 ,:]EV] WE TURN1 WE F9D ! SAME RACIAL OPPOSITION TO OPPRESSION & HUMILIATION1 BY ANY P[] :ATSOEV]4 ,?AT IS :Y IT HAS BE5 DIFFICULT = ANY DICTATOR%IP TO BE SET UP 9 ,SPA94 ,:5 IT WAS IMPLANT$ IT WAS MORE LIKE AN OP]ETTA4 ,& :5 ! ATTEMPT >OSE TO E/ABLI% A REAL DICTATOR%IP ! PEOPLE ROSE 9 REBELLION1 PREF]R+ DEA? TO SLAV]Y4  

,! SOCIALI/S HAVE 9H]IT$ A C5TRALI/ T5D5CY AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN TEA*+S ( ,M>X4 ,BUT !Y MU/ ADAPT !MSELVES TO ! REALITY 9 ,SPA9 AS WE HAVE DONE ) ! TEA*+S ( ,BAKUN94  

,! REPUBLICANS >E1 ( NECESSITY1 F$]ALI/S1 S9CE F$]ALISM IS ! ESS5CE ( ALL DEMOCRACIES4 ,&1 LA/LY1 WE AN>*I/S :O HAVE CREAT$ ! IDEAL & ! CONCEPTION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL FROM ! SOCIAL CELL ?AT IS MAN1 >E F$]ALI/S4  

,CONSEQU5TLY1 :5 ! W> IS OV]1 A PLEBISCITE WILL BE TAK5 9 EA* REGION ?R\< PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES1 TO DECIDE BY POPUL> EXPRESSION3  

7#a7 ,! =M ( POLITICAL UNITY ?R\< :I* ! NEW ,SPA9 WILL BE CON/ITUT$4  

7#b7 ,! =M ( ECONOMIC UNITY :I* WILL DIRECT ! DE/9Y ( ! NEW ,SPA94  

,& WE WILL ACCEPT ! CREATION ( ! ,IB]IAN ,F$]ATION ( A SOCIALI/ REPUBLIC :I* WILL GIVE EA* REGION ! RI<T TO CON/RUCT ITS LIFE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ITS ECONOMIC POSSIBILITIES & POLITICAL PREPOND]ANCE4 ,FROM ?IS CONF$]AL CONCEPTION & FROM ?IS F$]AL 9T]PRETATION ( ! REGIONAL NECESSITIES WILL EVOLVE1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 A REALLY GREAT & /RONG ,SPA94  

,UNTIL N[ ,SPA9 HAS BE5 A C\NTRY ) AN 5ORM\S1 RI*LY ADORN$ HEAD-,MADRID4 ,BUT ! LAC]AT$ BODY W]E ! REGIONS )\T WAT]2 REGIONS LACK+ ! ELEM5TAL NECESSITIES ( LIFE4 ,ONLY 9 ! REGIONS >\ND ! COA/ HAS !RE BE5 MAT]IAL PROGRESS1 AS A RESULT ( !IR CONTACT ) ! \TSIDE WORLD3 & :AT AUTONOMY !Y DID HAVE WAS DUE TO !IR DI/ANCE FROM ,MADRID4 ,:5 REGIONS LIKE ,EXTREMADURA1 ,&ALUSIA1 ,GALICIA1 ,>AGON & ,LEVANTE BECOME F$]AT$1 WE WILL SEE ! 5D ( ! TRAGIC EMIGRATION ( SOME ( ! BE/ M5 :O GO TO SEEK !IR =TUNE 9 O!R L&S4 ,9 ! FREELY F$]AT$ AUTONOM\S REGIONS !RE WILL BE AMPLE OPPORTUNITY TO EMPLOY !IR 9ITIATIVE & CAPABILITIES ON !IR NATIVE SOIL4 ,& IT IS !N ?AT A NEW ,SPA9 WILL BE CREAT$4 ,! ,SPA9 PREGNAT$ BY ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A & ! ,REPUBLIC ( #a#d? ,APRIL1 BUT NEV] REALIZ$4 ,! IMPOV]I%$ & UNPRODUCTIVE REGIONS ( ,CA/ILLE1 ,EXTREMADURA & ,&ALUSIA BE> SAD WITNESS TO ! FAILURE ( A C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL DOCTR9E4  

,ON ! ECONOMICAL SIDE WE HAVE BE5 ELABORAT+ A DEF9ITE CON/RUCTIVE PROGRAM HAV+ AS ITS BASIS ! ECONOMIC UNITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!RE IS NO LONG] ANY QUE/ION ( RECON/RUCT+ ,SPA91 AFT] ! CIVIL W>1 ON A BASIS ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,\R L&1 RAVAG$ BY DE/RUCTION1 WILL DEM& UNTOLD SACRIFICES4 ,!RE >E VA/ TRACTS ( L& MUTILAT$ BY %ELLS & BOMBS2 T]RITORIES1 UND] ! HEEL ( ! FASCI/S1 :I* >E UNCULTIVAT$1 DUE TO ! PASSIVE RESI/ANCE ( ! PEASANTS2 & !RE IS ! 9CALCULABLE DE/RUCTION ( ! :OLE ECONOMY ( ! L&4 ,ALL ?IS WILL DEM& AN 9T5SE ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION UND] RESPONSIBLE & EFFICI5T ADM9I/RATION4  

,AN ECONOMY DIRECT$ BY ! WORK]S ALONE CAN SOLVE ?IS PROBLEM4 ,! WORK]S WILL BE PREP>$ TO SACRIFICE ALL = ! TRIUMPH ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,!Y WILL WORK EI<T-T5-TWELVE-OR MORE H\RS P] DAY1 IF NE$ BE1 9 ORD] TO 9T5SIFY PRODUCTION & RECON/RUCT1 AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE ALL ?AT HAS BE5 DE/ROY$ BY ! W>4 ,KN[+ ?AT IT IS1 = ! WELF>E ( !IR *ILDR51 ! WORK]S WILL RESPOND 5?USIA/ICALLY TO ALL ! DEM&S MADE UPON !M4 ,!Y WILL WORK ) ! SAME 9T5SITY ) :I* TO-DAY !Y >E FI<T+ AGA9/ ,FRANCO & ,MOLA = !IR R$EMPTION FROM AGES ( SLAV]Y4 ,A SLAV]Y ?AT HAS MADE !M ALWAYS ! VICTIMS ( PRIVATE 9T]E/S4  

,?AT IS :Y A FASCI/ VICTORY IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,BECAUSE IT MU/ NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT ?IS IS NOT ONLY A CIVIL W>-A SOCIAL W> IS ALSO BE+ WAG$4 ,IT IS ! W> ( ! COMMON PEOPLE AGA9/ ! RI*1 AGA9/ ! MILIT>I/S1 AGA9/ ! POLITICIANS-ALL ( :OM W]E RESPONSIBLE = ! MIS]Y & POV]TY ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! POLITICAL P>TIES W]E 9CAPABLE ( CREAT+ A NEW MORAL VALUE 9 ,SPA9 & W]E UNABLE TO OPPOSE ! MILIT>Y CONSPIRATORS4 ,!Y W]E M]E ACCOMPLICES ( ! TRAITOR G5]ALS4  

,NO6 ! PEOPLE ( ,SPA9 WILL NEV] CONS5T TO WORK AGA9 = CAPITALI/ 9T]E/S4 ,PEOPLE :O FREELY 5DANG] !IR LIVES = A COMMON CAUSE DO NOT TAKE PAYM5T 9 MONEY4 ,!Y WILL DEM& !IR RI<TS & !IR FRE$OM1 & WILL TAKE OV] ! DIRECTION ( !IR [N DE/9Y4 ,RI<TS = :I* !Y HAVE /RUGGL$ & CONQU]$4  

,!RE IS1 !RE=E1 NO SOLUTION POSSIBLE O!R ?AN AN ECONOMY DIRECT$ BY ! WORK]S ?R\< !IR ORGANIZATIONS ( CONTROL-?R\< ! WORK]S' SYNDICATES4 ,9 ! POLITICAL S5SE1 F$]ALISM WILL PROVIDE US ) ! /RUCTURE :]EBY EA* REGION CAN ORGANIZE ITS [N LIFE ACCORD+ TO ITS NATURAL RES\RCES1 ,) ! POLITICAL UNITY ( ! NEW ,SPA9 E/ABLI%$ ON A BASIS ( F$]ALISM & ) ! GU>ANTEE ( ! 9TR9SIC RI<TS ( ! WORK]S1 ! ECONOMIC UNITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS IMPOSES ITSELF AS A MATT] ( C\RSE4 ,?US ! PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATIONS :I*1 =M]LY1 W]E DIRECT$ AGA9/ CAPITALISM WILL BE CONV]T$ 9TO ADM9I/RATIVE ORGANIZATIONS ( ! NEW ECONOMY4  

,! IDEOLOGICAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! ,C4,N4,T4 & ! ,U4,G4,T4 >E B\ND TO DISAPPE> UND] ! COMMON PURPOSE ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! UNION ( !SE TWO GREAT SYNDICATES = ! NEW ECONOMY WILL CON/ITUTE A UNIQUE EF=T = ! =MATION ( A WORK]S1 DIRECT$ ECONOMY4 ,! DIRECT$ ECONOMY ( ,ROOSEVELT WAS ABORT$ BY ! CAPITALI/ CLASS :I* IS NOT CAPABLE ( MAK+ SACRIFICES4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ADM9I/RATION HAS SUCCE$$ 9 RECON/RUCT+ ECONOMY-BUT AT ! CO/ ( A DICTATOR%IP & ! SUBMISSION ( A :OLE PEOPLE TO M]E OB$I5CE4 ,IT IS \R IDEA TO CON/RUCT A SOCIETY DIRECT$ BY ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS HAV+ ! COMPLETE CONTROL ( ! ECONOMIC WEAL? ( ! L&4  

,9 ORD] TO FULLY REALIZE \R ASPIRATIONS1 WE MU/ CREATE 9 ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE ! S5SE ( SACRIFICE & RESPONSIBILITY ?AT HAS BE5 ! *>ACT]I/IC ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?R\<\T ITS HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T 9 ,SPA91 ,IT WILL BE ?IS SPIRIT ( SACRIFICE ?AT WILL 5ABLE US TO OV]COME ALL ! DIFFICULTIES & BE> ALL ! PRIVATIONS ?AT WILL BE NECESS>Y = ! REALIZATION ( ! NEW ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION1 ,! GREATE/ 9DIVIDUAL AU/]ITY & A COMPLETE S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY IS NECESS>Y = ! FULFILLM5T ( \R AIMS4  

,! LOVE ( LIB]TY & ! S5SE ( HUMAN DIGNITY >E ! BASIC ELEM5TS ( ! ,AN>*I/ CRE$4 ,WE NE$ NO MESSIAH & NO /]ILE CONCEPTION ( A GOD M5AC+ US ) HELL & PURGATORY4 ,LOVE1 AS ! BASIS ( LIFE WILL B9D US TOGE!R4 ,BUT WE MU/ CREATE 9 EA* P]SON A S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY 9 ORD] ?AT EA* ONE ( US CAN HAVE ! RI<T TO 5JOY ALL HIS RI<TS4 ,?IS IS A UNIQUE MOVEM5T = US ALL1 BECAUSE CIRCUM/ANCES TO-DAY 9 ,SPA9 HAVE NEV] BE=E EXI/$ DUR+ ANY O!R REVOLUTION4 ,NEI!R ! ,FR5* NOR ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,TO-DAY1 A S5SE ( SACRIFICE IMPELS US TO R5\NCE \R ASPIRATIONS & 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S = ! WELL-BE+ ( ALL4 ,IT IS ?IS S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY :I* %[S US ! PA? ( DUTY & ASSI/S US 9 P]=M+ IT4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 WE WILL AVOID ! FATAL MI/AKE ( DICTATOR%IP4 ,9 ,SPA91 WE %\LD HAVE 5\< 9TELLIG5CE1 5\< S5SE ( 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY TO DO = \RSELVES ?AT :I* W\LD BE IMPOS$ UPON US BY A DICTATOR%IP4 ,V]Y SOON WE WILL GIVE TO ! WORLD ! EXAMPLE ( A FREE L&1 ?AT /OOD UP )\T >MS OPPOS$1 AS A S+LE MAN1 TO FASCISM1 TO ! M5TALITY ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT WILL BE AN EXAMPLE1 WOR?Y ( BE+ FOLL[$ BY ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,WE >E PR\D ( \R RESPONSIBILITY4 ,! GREATE/ JOY ( \R LIVES IS A DET]M9ATION TO SACRIFICE ALL-TO GIVE ALL-?AT ?IS DREAM WILL BE REALIZ$-! UNION ( ! PROLET>IAT TO OBTA9 \R FUNDAM5TAL AIMS3  

 ,B,R,E,A,D ,& ,F,R,E,$,O,M ,= ,A,L,L6 
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 ,A ,D,E,C,L,>,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,G,>,C,I,A ,O,L,I,V,]4  

,! ,AN>*I/S HAVE NEV] ASPIR$ TO ,GOV]NM5T POSITIONS1 !Y HAVE NEV] ACCEPT$ (FICES FROM ! ,/ATE1 !Y HAVE NEV] TAK5 P>T 9 ! MANEUV]S ( ?OSE SEEK+ POLITICAL P[]4 ,!Y >E & HAVE ALWAYS BE5 P>TISANS ( ! ,REVOLUTION FROM BEL[4 ,IF !Y P>TICIPATE TO-DAY 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ,SPA91 !Y DO SO TO MEET ! IMP]ATIVE NECESSITY ( TAK+ P>T 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! W> ( DEF5SE1 :I* ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE >E COMPELL$ TO WAGE4 ,=C$ BY CIRCUM/ANCES & AGA9/ MY [N WILL1 ,I HAD TO LEAVE ! FACTORY :]E ,I WAS WORK+ TO BECOME ! ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,DEF5SE ( ,CATALUNA4 ,! GRAVITY ( ! ANTI-,FASCI/ FI<T ALSO DECID$ ME TO ACCEPT ! *OICE ( MY COMRADES 9 ! ,M9I/RY ( ,JU/ICE4  

,9 FULFILL+ MY NEW TASKS1 ,I WILL TRY TO BE WOR?Y ( ALL MY COMRADES FI<T+ AT ! FRONT & 9 ! RE>4 ,I GREET Y\ ALL1 & ASSURE Y\ ?AT ,I %ALL ALWAYS BE ON Y\R SIDE4 ,LONG LIVE VICTORY6  

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,S,P,A,9 & ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y WRITES 9 ,TI]RA ,Y ,LIB]TAD3 

0,9 ,SPA9 ! ,AN>*I/S WILL NOT BE TREAT$ AS !Y >E 9 ,RUSSIA4 0 ,:5 ,FASCISM IS DE/ROY$1 ! ,REVOLUTION4 C>RI$ \T BY ! PEOPLE1 WILL BE REAL4 ,9 ,CATALUNA1 = 9/ANCE1 !RE IS NOT ! SLI<TE/ *ANCE LEFT TO REE/ABLI% PRIVATE PROP]TY1 BECAUSE ALL >*IVES & PROP]TY-TITLES HAVE BE5 BURNT1 & ALL PROPRIETORS :O HAVE NOT LO/ !IR LIVES HAVE LEFT !IR PROP]TY 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS4  

,9 ,CATALUNA ! ,REVOLUTION IS ALREADY A FACT4 ,! L& HAS BE5 COLLECTIVIZ$4 ,9 ! VILLAGES1 ,SUPPLY ,COMMITTEES >E ORGANIZ+ ! EX*ANGE ( PRODUCTS FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE1 FROM DI/RICT TO DI/RICT1 FROM REGION TO REGION4 ,?US ! USE ( MONEY HAS BECOME ALMO/ SUP]FLU\S4 ,! ACTIVITY ( ! ,AN>*I/S HAS BE5 SO F]TILE ?AT NO ONE W\LD EV5 D>E TO SUGGE/ A SIMIL> TREATM5T MET$ \T TO \R COMRADES 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,!RE1 TOO1 ! ,AN>*I/S TRI$ TO REALIZE !IR IDEAS1 AS = 9/ANCE1 9 ! ,UKRA9IA1 :]E LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM HAD BE5 ATTEMPT$4 ,BUT1 LACK+ NUM]IC /R5G?1 !Y W]E EXCLUD$ FROM ! RESPONSIBLE DIRECTION ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ?\< !Y F\<T ON EV]Y FRONT AS WELL AS 9 ! RE>4 ,AFT] ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,R$ DICTATOR%IP1 ! ,>MY & ,*EKA1 CREAT$ TO FI<T ! 5EMY1 W]E US$ AGA9/ ! ,AN>*I/S1 :O W]E PURSU$ ) FIRE & SWORD4  

,BUT WE H]E 9 ,CATALUNA1 HAVE DONE PRACTICAL WORK1 WE HAVE P>TICIPAT$ 9 EV]Y?+1 WE >E EV]Y:]E4 ,?US WE HAVE BR\<T AB\T A ,REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA94 ,WE HAVE MA*9E-GUNS RIFLES & CANNONS4  

4 4 4 ,WE >E READY TO FI<T1 TO CON/RUCT1 TO REALIZE ! DEM&S ( ! PEOPLE4 ,WE WANT ! UNITY ( ALL ANTI-,FASCI/S1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME WE DEM& RESPECT = ?OSE :O >E FI<T+1 & WE >E OPPOS+ POLITICAL MANEUV]S4 ,MAY ! O!RS GIVE 9 LIKE WE DO4 ,SITUATIONS >E DIFF]5T EV]Y:]E4 ,IF 9 ,CATALUNA TO-DAY A SYNDICATE PROCLAIMS A SLOGAN1 IT IS ALREADY C>RI$ \T4 ,?IS =M ( ECONOMIC CON/RUCTION IS ONE ( ! FUNDAM5TALS ( \R FI<T AGA9/ ,FASCISM4 ,! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 & ONLY ! PEOPLE1 DET]M9E ! RHY?M ( \R FI<T4 ,NEV] WILL ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ,SPA9 BE MADE TO SUFF] AS !Y HAVE BE5 & >E 9 ,RUSSIA4  

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,! ,C4,N4,T4 ,9 ,M,A,D,R,I,D4 

,S9CE ! COMM5CEM5T ( ! FASCI/ 9SURRECTION1 ! ,C4,N4,T4 HAVE MADE EV]Y SACRIFICE-MORAL & MAT]IAL-9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% UNITY BETWE5 ! WORK]S4 ,BUT 9 SPITE ( \R PUBLIC APPEALS1 ?R\< ! PRESS & AT ! MEET+S ( \R MO/ TRU/WOR?Y MILITANTS1 ! POLITICAL SECTIONS TURN$ A DEAF E> TO \R 9SI/5T CALL = UNITY & HAVE EXPOS$ ,MADRID1 ON V>I\S OCCASIONS1 TO GRAVE DANG]4 ,9 ! BITT] /RUGGLE AT ! DOOR ( ,MADRID1 ! UNITY ( ! WORK]S ( ! ,U4,G4,T4 & ,C4,N4,T4 WAS SEAL$ ?R\< ! COMMON DESIRE TO TRIUMPH OV] ! 5EMY4  

,DESPITE ?IS1 ! MANEUV]S AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 CONT9UE4 ,AT ?IS MOM5T1 :5 FASCISM IS ATTACK+ DESP]ATELY ! PROLET>IAT1 DEF5D+ ! ,SPANI% CAPITAL1 ?IS /RANGE CONDUCT 9 HI< POLITICAL SPH]ES CONT9UES4 ,IT W\LD SEEM ?AT !Y DO NOT LOOK ) FAVOR ON ! IDEA ?AT ! WORK]S UNIT$ CAN BE ! BE>]S ( ! REG5]AT+ IDEAS ?AT >E TO R$EEM ,SPA94 ,!Y >E AFRAID ( ! SOLID>ITY ( ! PROLET>IAT :I* DISPLACES ! POLITICAL !ORIES (3 0,9 DIVISION !RE IS /R5G?40  

,BUT AT ,MADRID1 VIEW+ ! PANORAMA ( DE/RUCTION BY ! 5EMIES ( ! ,SPANI% CAPITAL1 ! ANTI-FASCI/ MILITIA >E DEMON/RAT+ TO ! WORLD ?AT ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE WILL TRIUMPH OV] FASCISM4  

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,ON ,JAN41 #c#a/1 SPEAK+ AT ,S]95A1 ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y SAID ?AT 9 !SE TRAGIC TIMES1 WE MU/ PUT ASIDE \R PO9T ( VIEW1 \R IDEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 9 ORD] TO REALIZE ! UNITY ( ALL ANTI-FASCI/S FROM ! ,REPUBLICANS TO ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,! SEP>ATION ( ! ,U4,G4,T4 & ! ,C4,N4,T4 MU/ DISAPPE> & 9 !IR 'PLACES A S+LE ,SYNDICAL ,C5T] :I* WILL EMBRACE ALL ! ,SPANI% WORK]S MU/ BE F\ND$4  

,COMMUNI/S OR ,AN>*I/S1 IT W\LD BEHOOVE ALL ( US TO DO AWAY ) UNDISCIPL9>Y ACTION & DISCIPL9E \RSELVES 9 ORD] TO W9 ! W>4 
   -,G,5,],A,L,I,T,A,T ,D,E ,C,A,T,A,L,U,N,Y,A-#b_/#b_/#c#g4  

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,SYNDICALI/ ,ECONOMY4 

,! MUNICIPALITIES ( ,CATALUNA HAVE BE5 RECON/ITUT$ ACCORD+ TO ! /R5G? ( ! DIFF]5T LOCAL ANTI-,FASCI/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,BUT ! WORK]S ( ! CONF$]ATION HAVE NOT LEFT EV]Y?+ TO !IR ELECT$ DELEGATES2 !Y >E !MSELVES CONT9U+ ) !IR CON/RUCTIVE WORK 9 ! NEW ECONOMY4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN R5\NC+ ! ,AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES4 ,! NEW ECONOMY MU/ />T 9 ! FACTORY & ON ! FIELDS1 & FROM !RE LEAD TO ! COORD9AT+ ORGANISMS-9 ?IS CASE TO ! MUNICIPALITIES4 ,! PROBLEMS ( ! ,REVOLUTION >E MANYFOLD4 ,!RE=E ! MO/ CAPABLE COMRADES MU/ DEVOTE !IR WORK TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,HAV+ CONQU]$ ! 5EMY DOES NOT MEAN HAV+ AUTOMATICALLY CONQU]$ ALL DIFFICULTIES4 ,NEW OB/ACLES WILL BE PUT =?1 &1 TO AVOID GETT+ CAU<T 9 ! NETWORK ( BUREAUCRACY1 WE MU/ CON/RUCT ! 5TIRE ECONOMY ON A SYNDICALI/ BASIS4 ,! SYNDICATES >E ! BRIDGE BETWE5 ! OLD TUMBL+ WORLD & ! NEW LIFE ?AT IS BE+ BUILT4 ,! SYNDICATES >E ! FOCUS ( ALL 5]GIES1 !IR MEMB]S ! S[]S ( ! NEW IDEAS4 ,WE CANNOT E/ABLI% SYNDICALI/ ECONOMY )\T BE+ 9 CONTROL ( ! 5TIRE ECONOMIC CONSUMPTION4 ,TO ?IS 5D ALL \R MEMB]S MU/ DEVOTE !IR SPECIAL ATT5TION TO ! /UDY ( LOCAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS4 ,!Y MU/ /UDY !SE PROBLEMS ALONGSIDE !IR DAILY WORK & 9 !IR FREE H\RS4 ,?US A NEW ECONOMY ON A FIRM BASIS ( PRODUCTIVITY ( ! SOIL & UTMO/ EXPLOITATION ( ! MA*9E WILL BE E/ABLI%$1 & ! RESULTS WILL BE GREAT] ?AN BE=E 9 EV]Y RESPECT4 
     -,FROM ! ,SPANI% ,BULLET9 ( ! ,C4,N4,T4  

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #h1 #bag 3 ,MILITANT ,AN>*ISM & ! ,REALITY 9 ,SPA9 -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,MILITANT ,AN>*ISM & ! ,REALITY 9 ,SPA9 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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