,M9I-,MANUAL ( ,9DIVIDUALISM 

#aie 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,HAN ,RYN] 

,TEXT 3 

,I HAVE ADOPT$ ! QUE/ION & ANSW] =MAT1 SO H&Y = RAPID EXPOSITION4 ,9 ?IS CASE IT NOT AN EXPRESSION ( ANY DOGMATIC PRET5SIONS3 WE WON'T F9D H]E A MA/] :O 9T]ROGATES & A DISCIPLE :O RESPONDS4 ,!RE IS AN 9DIVIDUALI/ QUE/ION+ HIMSELF4 ,9 ! FIR/ L9E ,I WANT$ TO 9DICATE ?AT IT WAS A QUE/ION ( AN 9T]IOR DIALOGUE4 ,:ILE ! CATE*ISM ASKS3 0,>E Y\ ,*RI/IAN80 ,I SAY 0,AM ,I 9DIVIDUALI/80 ,H[EV]1 PROLONG$ ?IS PROC$URE W\LD BR+ ) IT SOME 9CONV5I5CE &1 HAV+ LAID \T MY 9T5TION1 ,I REMEMB]$ ?AT ! SOLILOQUY (T5 EMPLOYS ! SECOND P]SON4 

,ONE WILL F9D PELL MELL 9 ?IS BOOK TRU?S ?AT >E C]TA9 BUT :OSE C]TA9TY CAN ONLY BE DISCOV]$ 9 ONESELF & OP9IONS ?AT >E PROBABLE4 ,!RE >E PROBLEMS ?AT ADMIT ( SEV]AL RESPONSES4 ,O!RS -- ASIDE FROM ! H]OIC SOLUTION1 :I* CAN BE ADVIS$ ONLY :5 ALL ELSE IS CRIME -- LACK AN 5TIRELY SATISFACTORY SOLUTION & ! APPROXIMATIONS ,I PROPOSE >E NOT SUP]IOR TO O!R APPROXIMATIONS3 ,I DON'T 9SI/ ON M9E4 ,! READ] :O IS 9CAPABLE ( SEP>AT+ !M \T &1 ACQUIESC+ TO TRU?S1 F9D+ ! PROBABILITIES ANALOG\S TO MY PROBABILITIES & 9 MANY CASES MORE H>MONI\S = HIM W\LD NOT BE WOR?Y ( ! NAME ( 9DIVIDUALI/4 

,DUE TO LACK ( DEVELOPM5T1 OR = O!R REASONS1 ,I WILL (T5 LEAVE UNSATISFI$ EV5 ! MO/ FRAT]NAL ( SPIRITS4 ,I CAN ONLY RECOMM5D TO M5 ( GOOD WILL ! C>EFUL READ+ ( ,EPICTETUS'S ,MANUAL4 ,!RE1 BETT] ?AN ANY:]E ELSE1 CAN BE F\ND ! RESPONSE TO \R WORRIES & D\BTS4 ,!RE1 MORE ?AN ANY:]E ELSE1 HE :O IS CAPABLE ( TRUE C\RAGE WILL F9D ! S\RCE ( C\RAGE4 

,FROM ,EPICTETUS1 AS WELL AS O!RS1 ,I HAVE BORR[$ =MULAS )\T ALWAYS ?9K+ IT NECESS>Y TO 9DICATES MY DEBTS4 ,9 A WORK LIKE ?IS ONE IT IS ! ?+S ?AT MATT]1 NOT !IR ORIG91 & WE EAT MORE ?AN ONE FRUIT )\T ASK+ ! G>D5] ! NAME ( ! RIV] OR /REAM ?AT F]TILIZES HIS G>D54 

"9 "9 "9 

,*APT] #a4 ,ON ,9DIVIDUALISM & A FEW 9DIVIDUALI/S4 

,AM ,I AN 9DIVIDUALI/8 

,I AM AN 9DIVIDUALI/4 

,:AT DO ,I MEAN BY 9DIVIDUALISM8 

,I MEAN BY 9DIVIDUALISM ! MORAL DOCTR9E :I*1 RELY+ ON NO DOGMA1 NO TRADITION1 NO EXT]NAL DET]M9ATION1 APPEALS ONLY TO ! 9DIVIDUAL CONSCI5CE4 

,HASN'T ! WORD 9DIVIDUALISM ONLY DESIGNAT$ ?IS DOCTR9E8 

,! NAME ( 9DIVIDUALISM HAS (T5 BE5 GIV5 TO ! APPE>ANCE ( DOCTR9ES AIM$ AT COV]+ ) A PHILOSOPHICAL MASK C[>DLY OR CONQU]+ & AGGRESSIVE EGOISM4 

,CITE A C[>DLY EGOI/ :O IS SOMETIMES CALL$ AN 9DIVIDUALI/4 

,MONTAIGNE4 

,DO Y\ KN[ ( ANY CONQU]+ & AGGRESSIVE EGOI/S :O PROCLAIM !MSELVES TO BE 9DIVIDUALI/S8 

,ALL ?OSE :O EXT5D ! BRUTAL LAW ( ! FI<T = LIFE TO RELATIONS BETWE5 M54 

,CITE SOME NAMES4 

,/5DHAL1 ,NIETZS*E4 

,NAME SOME TRUE 9DIVIDUALI/S4 

,SOCRATES1 ,EPICURUS1 ,JESUS1 ,EPICTETUS4 

,:Y DO Y\ LOVE ,SOCRATES8 

,HE DIDN'T TEA* A TRU? EXT]NAL TO ?OSE :O LI/5$ TO HIM1 BUT RA!R TAU<T !M TO F9D ! TRU? )9 !MSELVES4 

,H[ DID ,SOCRATES DIE8 

,HE DI$ CONDEMN$ BY LAWS & JUDGES1 ASSASS9AT$ BY ! CITY1 A M>TYR TO 9DIVIDUALISM4 

,:AT WAS HE ACCUS$ (8 

,( NOT HONOR+ ! GODS ! CITY HONOR$ & ( CORRUPT+ Y\?4 

,:AT DID ?IS LA/ GRIEVANCE MEAN8 

,IT MEANT ?AT ,SOCRATES PR(ESS$ OP9IONS DISAGREEABLE TO ?OSE 9 P[]4 

,:Y DO Y\ LOVE ,EPICURUS8 

,B5EA? HIS C>EFREE ELEGANCE1 HE WAS A H]O4 

,CITE A CLEV] PHRASE ( ,S5ECA ON ,EPICURUS4 

,S5ECA CALLS ,EPICURUS 0A H]O DISGUIS$ AS A WOMAN40 

,:AT WAS ! GOOD ?AT ,EPICURUS DID8 

,HE DELIV]$ HIS DISCIPLES FROM ! FE> ( GODS OR ,GOD1 :I* IS ! BEG9N+ ( MADNESS4 

,:AT WAS ,EPICURUS' GREAT VIRTUE8 

,TEMP]ANCE4 ,HE DI/+UI%$ BETWE5 NATURAL & IMAG9>Y NE$S4 ,HE %[$ ?AT V]Y LITTLE WAS NE$$ TO SATISFY HUNG] & ?IR/1 TO DEF5D ONESELF AGA9/ HEAT & ! COLD4 ,& HE LIB]AT$ HIMSELF FROM ALL O!R NE$S1 ?AT IS1 ALMO/ ALL ! DESIRES & ALL ! FE>S ?AT 5?RALL$ M54 

,H[ DID ,EPICURUS DIE8 

,HE DI$ ( A LONG & PA9FUL ILLNESS :ILE BOA/+ A P]FECT HAPP9ESS4 

,9 G5]AL DO WE KN[ ! TRUE ,EPICURUS8 

,NO4 ,UNFAI?FUL DISCIPLES COV]$ HIS DOCTR9ES ) VISE1 9 ! SAME WAY A SORE IS HIDD5 B5EA? A /OL5 COAT4 

,IS ,EPICURUS GUILTY ( :AT FALSE DISCIPLES HAVE HIM SAY8 

,WE >E NEV] GUILTY ( ! FOOLI%NESS OR P]FIDY ( O!RS4 

,IS ! P]V]SION ( ,EPICURUS' DOCTR9E AN EXCEPTIONAL PH5OM5ON8 

,EV]Y WORD ( TRU?1 IF IT IS LI/5$ TO BY MANY M51 IS TRANS=M$ 9TO A LIE BY ! SUP]FICIAL1 ! CRAFTY1 & *>LATANS4 

,:Y DO Y\ LOVE ,JESUS8 

,HE LIV$ FREE & A W&]]1 =EIGN TO ANY SOCIAL TIES4 ,HE WAS ! 5EMY ( PRIE/S1 EXT]NAL CULTS &1 9 G5]AL1 ALL ORGANIZATIONS4 

,H[ DID HE DIE8 

,PURSU$ BY PRIE/S1 AB&ON$ BY JUDICIAL AU?ORITY HE DI$ NAIL$ TO ! CROSS BY SOLDI]S4 ,ALONG ) ,SOCRATES1 HE IS ! MO/ CELEBRAT$ VICTIM ( RELIGION1 ! MO/ ILLU/RI\S M>TYR TO 9DIVIDUALISM4 

,9 G5]AL1 DO WE KN[ ! REAL ,JESUS8 

,NO2 ! PRIE/S CRUCIFI$ HIS DOCTR9E AS WELL AS HIS BODY4 ,!Y TRANS=M$ ! TONIC BEV]AGE 9TO A POISON4 ,ON ! FALSIFI$ WORDS ( ! 5EMY ( EXT]NAL ORGANIZATIONS & CULTS !Y F\ND$ ! MO/ ORGANIZ$ & MO/ POMP\SLY EMPTY ( RELIGIONS4 

,IS ,JESUS GUILTY ( :AT DISCIPLES & PRIE/S HAVE MADE ( HIS DOCTR9E8 

,WE >E NEV] GUILTY ( ! FOOLI%NESS OR P]FIDY ( O!RS4 

,:Y DO Y\ LOVE ,EPICTETUS8 

,! ,/OIC ,EPICTETUS C\RAGE\SLY BORE POV]TY & SLAV]Y4 ,HE WAS P]FECTLY HAPPY 9 ! SITUATIONS MO/ PA9FUL TO ORD9>Y M54 

,H[ DO WE KN[ ,EPICTETUS' DOCTR9E8 

,HIS DISCIPLE ,>RI5 GA!R$ TOGE!R SOME ( HIS SAY+S 9 A SMALL BOOK 5TITL$ 0,! ,MANUAL ( ,EPICTETUS40 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( 0,! ,MANUAL ( ,EPICTETUS80 

,ITS PRECISE & UNFAIL+ NOBILITY1 ITS SIMPLICITY FREE ( ANY *>LATANISM R5D] IT MORE PRECI\S TO ME ?AN ! ,GOSPELS4 ,EPICTETUS' ,MANUAL IS ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL & LIB]AT+ ( ALL BOOKS4 

,9 HI/ORY >E !RE NOT O!R CELEBRAT$ 9DIVIDUALI/S8 

,!RE >E O!RS4 ,BUT ?OSE ,I HAVE NAM$ >E ! PURE/ & ! EASIE/ TO UND]/&4 

,:Y DO Y\ NOT NAME ! ,CYNICS ,ANTIS!NES & ,DIOG5ES8 

,BECAUSE ! ,CYNIC DOCTR9E IS BUT A SKET* ( ,/OICISM4 

,:Y DO Y\ NOT NAME ,X5ON ( ,CITIUM1 ! F\ND] ( ,/OICISM8 

,HIS LIFE WAS ADMIRABLE &1 ACCORD+ TO ! TE/IMONY ( ! ANCI5TS1 ALWAYS RESEMBL$ HIS PHILOSOPHY4 ,BUT TODAY HE IS LESS WELL KN[N ?AN ?OSE ,I HAVE NAM$4 

,:Y DO Y\ NOT NAME ! ,/OIC ,M>CUS ,AURELIUS8 

,BECAUSE HE WAS AN EMP]OR4 

,:Y DO Y\ NOT NAME ,DESC>TES8 

,DESC>TES WAS AN 9TELLECTUAL 9DIVIDUALI/4 ,HE WASN'T A CLE>LY MORAL 9DIVIDUALI/4 ,HIS ACTUAL MORALITY APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 ,/OIC1 BUT HE DIDN'T D>E R5D] IT PUBLIC4 ,HE ONLY MADE KN[N A 0PROVISIONAL MORALITY0 9 :I* HE RECOMM5DS TO OBEY ! LAWS & CU/OMS ( Y\R C\NTRY1 :I* IS ! CONTR>Y ( 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,:AT IS MORE1 HE SEEMS TO HAVE LACK$ PHILOSOPHICAL C\RAGE 9 O!R CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,:Y DO Y\ NOT NAME ,SP9OZA8 

,SP9OZA'S LIFE WAS ADMIRABLE4 ,HE LIV$ MODE/LY1 ON A FEW GRA9S ( GROATS & A BIT ( MILK S\P4 ,REFUS+ ! *AIRS ?AT W]E (F]$ HIM1 HE ALWAYS E>N$ HIS DAILY BREAD ?R\< MANUAL LABOR4 ,HIS MORAL DOCTR9E IS A /OIC MY/ICISM4 ,BUT TOO EXCLUSIVELY 9TELLECTUAL1 HE PR(ESS$ A /RANGE ABSOLUTI/ POLITICS &1 9 ! FACE ( P[]1 ONLY RES]V$ ! FRE$OM TO ?9K4 ,9 ANY CASE1 HIS NAME PUTS ONE 9 M9D MORE ( A GREAT METAPHYSICAL P[] ?AN ( A GREAT MORAL BEAUTY4 

,*APT] #b4 ,PREP>ATION = ,PRACTICAL ,9DIVIDUALISM 

,IS IT 5\< TO PROCLAIM ONESELF 9DIVIDUALI/8 

,NO4 ,A RELIGION CAN BE SATISFI$ ) V]BAL ADH]5CE & A FEW ACTS ( ADORATION4 ,A PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY ?AT ISN'T PRACTIC$ IS NO?+4 

,:Y CAN RELIGIONS %[ MORE 9DULG5CE ?AN MORAL DOCTR9ES8 

,! GODS ( RELIGIONS >E MI<TY MON>*S4 ,!Y SAVE ! FAI?FUL ?R\< GRACE & MIRACLES4 ,!Y GRANT SALVATION 9 EX*ANGE = ! LAW1 C]TA9 RITUAL WORDS & C]TA9 AGRE$ UPON GE/URES4 ,!Y CAN EV5 GIVE ME CR$IT = GE/URES DONE & WORDS SPOK5 = ME BY M]C5>IES4 

,:AT MU/ ,I DO TO TRULY DES]VE ! NAME ( 9DIVIDUALI/8 

,ALL MY ACTS MU/ BE 9 AGREEM5T ) MY IDEAS4 

,IS ?AT AGREEM5T NOT DIFFICULT TO OBTA98 

,IT IS LESS DIFFICULT ?AN IT SEEMS4 

,:Y8 

,! BEG9N+ 9DIVIDUALI/ IS HELD BACK BY FALSE GOODS & BAD HABITS4 ,HE ONLY LIB]ATES HIMSELF AT ! CO/ ( SOME EF=T4 ,BUT ! DISCORD BETWE5 HIS ACTS & HIS IDEAS IS MORE PA9FUL TO HIM ?AN ALL R5UNCIATIONS4 ,HE SUFF]S FROM IT 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT A MUSICIAN SUFF]S FROM LACK ( H>MONY4 ,AT NO PRICE W\LD ! MUSICIAN WANT TO PASS HIS LIFE AMID DISCORDANT NOISES4 ,9 ! SAME WAY MY LACK ( H>MONY IS1 = ME1 ! GREATE/ ( SUFF]+S4 

,:AT DO WE CALL ! EF=T ( PUTT+ ONE'S LIFE 9 AGREEM5T ) ONE'S ?\<TS8 

,IT IS CALL$ VIRTUE4 

,DOES VIRTUE RECEIVE A REW>D8 

,VIRTUE IS ITS [N REW>D4 

,:AT DO !SE WORDS MEAN8 

,!Y MEAN TWO ?+S3 #a- ,IF ,I ?9K ( A REW>D ,I AM NOT VIRTU\S4 ,DIS9T]E/$NESS IS ! PRIM>Y *>ACT]I/IC ( VIRTUE4 #b- ,DIS9T]E/$ VIRTUE CREATES HAPP9ESS4 

,:AT IS HAPP9ESS8 

,HAPP9ESS IS ! /ATE ( ! S\L ?AT FEELS ITSELF FREE ( ALL \TSIDE S]VITUDES & FEELS ITSELF 9 P]FECT ACCORD ) ITSELF4 

,IS IT NOT !N ! CASE ?AT !RE IS ONLY HAPP9ESS :5 !RE IS NO LONG] A NE$ TO MAKE AN EF=T1 & DOES HAPP9ESS SUCCE$ VIRTUE8 

,! WISE MAN ALWAYS NE$S EF=T & VIRTUE4 ,HE IS ALWAYS ATTACK$ FROM )\T4 ,BUT 9 FACT1 HAPP9ESS ONLY EXI/S 9 ! S\L :]E !RE IS NO LONG] 9T]NAL /RUGGLE4 

,>E WE UNHAPPY 9 PURSUIT ( WISDOM8 

,NO4 ,:ILE AWAIT+ HAPP9ESS EA* VICTORY PRODUCES JOY4 

,:AT IS JOY8 

,JOY IS ! FEEL+ ( PASS+ FROM A LESS] TO A GREAT] P]FECTION4 ,JOY IS ! FEEL+ ?AT WE >E ADVANC+ T[>DS HAPP9ESS4 

,DI/+UI% BETWE5 JOY & HAPP9ESS BY A COMP>ISON4 

,A PEACEFUL BE+1 =C$ TO FI<T1 C>RIES AWAY A VICTORY ?AT BR+S HIM NE>] TO PEACE3 HE FEELS JOY4 ,HE F9ALLY >RIVES AT A PEACE ?AT NO?+ CAN TR\BLE3 HE HAS REA*$ HAPP9ESS4 

,%\LD ONE ATTEMPT TO OBTA9 HAPP9ESS & P]FECTION ! FIR/ DAY WE UND]/& !M8 

,IT IS R>E ?AT WE CAN ATTEMPT IMM$IATE P]FECTION )\T IMPRUD5CE4 

,:AT DANG]S DO ! IMPRUD5T RISK8 

,! DANG] ( RETREAT+ & BECOM+ DISC\RAG$4 

,:AT IS ! RI<T WAY TO PREP>E ONESELF = P]FECTION8 

,IT IS RI<T TO GO TO ,EPICTETUS BY PASS+ ?R\< ,EPICURUS4 

,:AT DO Y\ MEAN8 

,ONE MU/ FIR/ PLACE ONESELF FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ,EPICURUS & DI/+UI% NATURAL FROM IMAG9>Y NE$S4 ,:5 WE >E ABLE TO DESPISE 9 PRACTICE ALL ?AT IS UNNECESS>Y TO LIFE1 :5 WE WILL DISDA9 LUXURY & COM=T1 :5 WE WILL SAVOR ! PHYSICAL PLEASURE ?AT COME FROM SIMPLE FOOD & DR9K2 :5 \R BODIES AS WELL AS \R S\LS WILL KN[ ! GOODNESS ( BREAD & WAT] WE WILL BE ABLE TO ADVANCE FUR!R ALONG ! ROAD4 

,:AT /EPS REMA9 TO BE TAK58 

,IT REMA9S TO BE FELT ?AT EV5 IF DEPRIV$ ( BREAD & WAT] WE C\LD BE HAPPY2 ?AT 9 ! MO/ PA9FUL ILLNESS1 :]E WE HAVE NO ASSI/ANCE1 WE C\LD BE HAPPY2 ?AT EV5 DY+ UND] TORTURE 9 ! MID/ ( ! 9SULTS ( ! CR[D WE C\LD BE HAPPY4 

,>E !SE PEAKS ( WISDOM REA*ABLE BY ALL8 

,!SE PEAKS >E REA*ABLE BY ALL M5 ( GOOD WILL :O FEEL A NATURAL P5*ANT T[>DS 9DIVIDUALISM4 

,:AT IS ! 9TELLECTUAL PA? ?AT LEADS TO !SE PEAKS8 

,IT IS ! ,/OIC DOCTR9E ( ! TRUE GOOD & ! TRUE EVIL4 

,:AT DO WE CALL ?IS DOCTR9E AGA98 

,WE CALL ?IS ! DOCTR9E ( ?+S ?AT DEP5D ON US ON ?OSE ?AT DON'T DEP5D ON US4 

,:AT >E ! ?+S ?AT DEP5D ON US8 

,\R OP9IONS1 \R DESIRES1 \R 9CL9ATIONS1 & \R AV]SIONS3 9 A WORD1 ALL \R 9T]NAL ACTS4 

,:AT >E ! ?+S ?AT DON'T DEP5D ON US8 

,! BODY1 RI*ES1 REPUTATION1 DIGNITIES3 9 A WORD1 ALL ?OSE ?+S ?AT >E NOT C\NT$ AMONG \R 9T]NAL ACTS4 

,:AT >E ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! ?+S ?AT DEP5D ON US8 

,!Y >E FREE BY NATURE3 NO?+ CAN /OP !M OR PLACE AN OB/ACLE BE=E !M4 

,:AT IS ! O!R NAME ( ! ?+S ?AT DON'T DEP5D ON US8 

,! ?+S ?AT DON'T DEP5D ON US >E ALSO CALL$ 9DIFF]5T ?+S4 

,:Y8 

,BECAUSE NONE ( !M IS EI!R A TRUE GOOD OR A TRUE EVIL4 

,:AT HAPP5S TO HE :O TAKES 9DIFF]5T ?+S = ?+S ?AT >E GOOD OR EVIL8 

,HE F9DS OB/ACLES EV]Y:]E4 ,HE IS AFFLICT$1 TR\BL$2 HE COMPLA9S ( ?+S & ( M54 

,DOES HE NOT FEEL AN EV5 GREAT] EVIL8 

,HE IS A SLAVE TO DESIRE & FE>4 

,:AT IS ! /ATE ( HE :O KN[S 9 PRACTICE ?AT ! ?+S ?AT DON'T DEP5D ON US >E 9DIFF]5T8 

,HE IS FREE4 ,NO ONE CAN =CE HIM TO DO :AT HE DOESN'T WANT TO DO OR PREV5T HIM FROM DO+ :AT HE WANTS TO DO4 ,HE HAS NO?+ TO COMPLA9 AB\T ( ANY ?+ OR P]SON4 

,ILLNESS1 PRISON1 & POV]TY1 = EXAMPLE3 DON'T !Y DIM9I% MY LIB]TY8 

,EXT]NAL ?+S CAN DIM9I% ! LIB]TY ( MY BODY & MY MOVEM5TS4 ,!Y >5'T H9DRANCES TO MY WILL AS LONG AS ,I DON'T HAVE ! FOLLY TO WANT ?AT :I* DOESN'T DEP5D ON ME4 

,DOESN'T ! DOCTR9E ( ,EPICURUS SUFFICE DUR+ ! C\RSE ( LIFE8 

,EPICURUS' DOCTR9E SUFFICES IF ,I HAVE ! ?+S NECESS>Y = LIFE & IF MY HEAL? IS GOOD4 ,BE=E JOY IT R5D]S ME ! EQUAL ( ANIMALS1 :O DON'T =GE = !MSELVES IMAG9>Y WORRIES & ILLS4 ,BUT 9 ILLNESS & HUNG] IT NO LONG] SUFFICES4 

,DOES IT SUFFICE 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS8 

,9 ! C\RSE ( SOCIAL RELATIONS !Y CAN SUFFICE4 ,IT FREES ME FROM ALL ! TYRANTS :O HAVE P[] ONLY OV] ! SUP]FLU\S4 

,>E !RE SOCIAL CIRCUM/ANCES :]E !Y NO LONG] SUFFICE8 

,!Y NO LONG] SUFFICE IF ! TYRANT CAN DEPRIVE ME ( BREAD1 IF HE CAN PUT ME TO DEA? OR W\ND MY BODY4 

,:AT DO Y\ CALL A TYRANT8 

,I CALL A TYRANT :OEV]1 9 ACT+ ON 9DIFF]5T ?+S -- SU* AS MY WEAL? OR BODY -- PRET5DS TO ACT ON MY WILL4 ,I CALL A TYRANT :OEV] ATTEMPTS TO MODIFY ! /ATE ( MY S\L BY O!R MEANS ?AN REASONABLE P]SUASION4 

,>E !RE NOT 9DIVIDUALI/S = :OM ,EPICUREANISM SUFFICES8 

,:ATEV] MY PRES5T MI<T BE1 ,I AM IGNORANT ( ! FUTURE4 ,I DON'T KN[ IF ! GREAT ATTACK1 :]E ,EPICUREANISM WILL NO LONG] SUFFICE1 IS LAY+ 9 WAIT = ME4 ,I MU/ !N1 AS SOON AS ,I HAVE ATTA9$ ,EPICUREAN WISDOM1 WORK AT EV] MORE /R5G!N+ MYSELF UNTIL ,I REA* ,/OIC 9VULN]ABILITY4 

,H[ WILL ,I LIVE 9 CALM8 

,9 CALM ,I CAN LIVE G5TLY & TEMP]ATELY LIKE ,EPICURUS1 BUT ) ! SPIRIT ( ,EPICTETUS4 

,IS IT USEFUL TO P]FECTION TO PROPOSE = ONESELF A MODEL LIKE ,SOCRATES1 ,JESUS1 OR ,EPICTETUS8 

,?IS IS A BAD ME?OD4 

,:Y8 

,BECAUSE IT IS MY H>MONY ,I MU/ REALIZE1 NOT ?AT ( ANO!R4 

,:AT K9DS ( DUTIES >E !RE8 

,!RE >E TWO K9DS ( DUTIES3 UNIV]SAL & P]SONAL DUTIES4 

,:AT DO Y\ CALL UNIV]SAL DUTIES8 

,I CALL UNIV]SAL DUTIES ?OSE 9CUMB5T ON ANY WISE MAN4 

,:AT DO Y\ CALL P]SONAL DUTIES8 

,I CALL P]SONAL DUTIES ?OSE ?AT >E 9CUMB5T ON ME 9 P>TICUL>4 

,DO P]SONAL DUTIES EXI/8 

,P]SONAL DUTIES EXI/4 ,I AM A P>TICUL> BE+ :O F9DS HIMSELF 9 P>TICUL> SITUATIONS4 ,I HAVE A C]TA9 DEGREE ( PHYSICAL /R5G?1 ( 9TELLECTUAL /R5G?1 & ,I POSSESS GREAT] OR LESS] WEAL?4 ,I HAVE A PA/ TO CONT9UE4 ,I HAVE TO FI<T AGA9/ A HO/ILE DE/9Y1 OR COLLABORATE 9 A FRI5DLY ONE4 

,DI/+UI% ) AN SIMPLE SIGN P]SONAL & UNIV]SAL DUTIES4 

,)\T ANY EXCEPTION1 UNIV]SAL DUTIES >E DUTIES ( AB/5TION4 ,ALMO/ ALL DUTIES ( ACTION >E P]SONAL DUTIES4 ,EV5 9 ?OSE R>E CIRCUM/ANCES :]E ACTION IS IMPOS$ ON ALL ! DETAIL ( ! ACT WILL BE> ! M>K ( ! AG5T1 WILL BE ! LIKE ! SIGNATURE ( ! MORAL >TI/4 

,CAN P]SONAL DUTY CONTRADICT UNIV]SAL DUTY8 

,NO4 ,IT IS LIKE ! FL[] :I* CAN ONLY GR[ ON ! PLANT4 

,>E MY P]SONAL DUTIES ! SAME AS ?OSE ( ,SOCRATES1 ,JESUS1 OR ,EPICTETUS8 

,!Y DON'T RESEMBLE !M AT ALL IF ,I DON'T LEAD AN APO/OLIC LIFE4 

,:O WILL TEA* ME MY P]SONAL & UNIV]SAL DUTIES8 

,MY CONSCI5CE4 

,H[ WILL IT TEA* ME MY UNIV]SAL DUTIES8 

,BY TELL+ ME :AT ,I CAN EXPECT FROM EV]Y WISE MAN8 

,H[ WILL IT TEA* ME MY P]SONAL DUTIES8 

,BY TELL+ ME :AT ,I %\LD DEM& ( MYSELF4 

,>E !RE DIFFICULT DUTIES8 

,!RE >E NO DIFFICULT DUTIES = ! WISE MAN4 

,BE=E REA*+ WISDOM CAN ! IDEAS ( ,SOCRATES1 ,JESUS & ,EPICTETUS BE USEFUL TO ME 9 DIFFICULTY8 

,!Y CAN BE USEFUL TO ME1 BUT ,I W\LD NEV] PORTRAY !SE GREAT 9DIVIDUALI/S AS MODELS4 

,H[ DO ,I PORTRAY !M8 

,I PORTRAY !M AS WITNESSES4 ,& ,I WANT !M TO NEV] CONDEMN MY WAY ( ACT+4 

,>E !SE S]I\S & SLI<T ]RORS8 

,ANY ]ROR RECOGNIZ$ AS SU* BE=E BE+ COMMITT$ IS S]I\S4 

,!ORETICALLY1 9 ORD] TO JUDGE MY SITUATION OR ?AT ( O!RS ON ! PA? TO WISDOM CAN ,I NOT JUDGE S]I\S FROM SLI<T ]RORS8 

,I CAN4 

,:AT DO ,I CALL A SLI<T ]ROR8 

,I ORD9>ILY CALL A SLI<T ]ROR ONE ?AT ,EPICTETUS W\LD CONDEMN & ,EPICURUS W\LDN'T CONDEMN4 

,:AT DO ,I CALL A S]I\S ]ROR8 

,I CALL A S]I\S ]ROR ?AT :I* W\LD BE CONDEMN$ EV5 BY ! 9DULG5CE ( ,EPICURUS4 

,*APT] #c4 ,ON ! ,MUTUAL ,RELATIONS ,BETWE5 ,9DIVIDUALS4 

,SAY ! =MULA DEF9+ OBLIGATIONS T[>DS O!RS4 

,Y\ WILL LOVE Y\R NEI<BOR LIKE Y\RSELF & Y\R ,GOD ABOVE ALL4 

,:AT IS MY NEI<BOR8 

,O!R M54 

,:Y DO Y\ CALL O!R M5 Y\R NEI<BOR8 

,BECAUSE1 GIFT$ ) REASON & WILL !Y >E CLOS] TO ME ?AN >E ANIMALS4 

,:AT DO ANIMALS HAVE 9 COMMON ) ME8 

,LIFE1 FEEL+S1 9TELLIG5CE4 

,DON'T !SE COMMON *>ACT]I/ICS CREATE OBLIGATIONS T[>DS ANIMALS8 

,!SE COMMON *>ACT]I/ICS CREATE 9 ME ! OBLIGATION TO NOT MAKE ANIMALS SUFF]1 TO AVOID !IR USELESS SUFF]+1 & TO NOT KILL !M UNNECESS>ILY4 

,:AT RI<T IS GIV5 ME BY ! ABS5CE ( REASON & WILL 9 ANIMALS8 

,ANIMALS NOT BE+ P]SONS ,I HAVE ! RI<T TO MAKE USE ( !M 9 ACCORDANCE ) !IR /R5G? & TO TRANS=M !M 9TO 9/RUM5TS4 

,DO ,I HAVE ! SAME RI<T OV] C]TA9 M58 

,I NEV] HAVE ! RI<T TO CONSID] A MAN AS A MEANS4 ,EV]Y P]SON IS A GOAL1 AN 5D4 ,I CAN ONLY ASK PEOPLE = S]VICES ?AT !Y WILL FREELY ACCORD ME1 EI!R ?R\< B5EVOL5CE OR 9 EX*ANGE = O!R S]VICES4 

,>E !RE NOT 9F]IOR RACES8 

,!RE >E NO 9F]IOR RACES4 ,! NOBLE 9DIVIDUAL CAN FL\RI% 9 ALL RACES4 

,>E !RE NOT 9F]IOR 9DIVIDUALS 9CAPABLE ( REASON & WILL8 

,) ! EXCEPTION ( ! MADMAN1 EV]Y MAN IS CAPABLE ( REASON & WILL4 ,BUT MANY ONLY LI/5 TO !IR PASSIONS & HAVE ONLY :IMS4 ,IT IS AMONG !M ?AT WE MEET ?OSE :O HAVE ! PRET5SION TO COMM&4 

,CAN'T ,I MAKE 9/RUM5TS ( 9COMPLETE 9DIVIDUALS8 

,NO4 ,I MU/ CONSID] !M AS 9DIVIDUALS :OSE DEVELOPM5T HAS BE5 HALT$1 BUT 9 :OM ! MAN WILL P]HAPS BE AWAK5$ TOMORR[4 

,:AT AM ,I TO ?9K ( ! ORD]S ( ?OSE ) ! PRET5SION ( COMM&+8 

,AN ORD] CAN ONLY EV] BE ! CAPRICE ( A *ILD OR ! FANTASY ( A MADMAN4 

,H[ %\LD ,I LOVE MY NEI<BOR8 

,LIKE MYSELF4 

,:AT DO !SE WORDS MEAN8 

,!Y MEAN3 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT ,I %\LD LOVE MYSELF4 

,:O WILL TEA* ME H[ ,I %\LD LOVE MYSELF8 

,! SECOND P>T ( ! =MULA TEA*ES ME H[ ,I %\LD LOVE MYSELF4 

,REPEAT ?AT SECOND P>T4 

,Y\ WILL LOVE Y\R ,GOD ABOVE ALL ELSE4 

,:AT IS ,GOD8 

,GOD HAS SEV]AL MEAN+S3 HE HAS A DIFF]5T MEAN+ 9 EV]Y RELIGION OR METAPHYSIC & HE HAS A MORAL MEAN+4 

,:AT IS ! MORAL MEAN+ ( ! WORD ,GOD8 

,GOD IS ! NAME ( MORAL P]FECTION4 

,:AT DOES ! POSSESSIVE 0Y\R0 MEAN 9 ! =MULA = LOVE3 0,Y\ WILL LOVE ,Y,\,R ,GOD80 

,MY ,GOD IS MY MORAL P]FECTION4 

,:AT MU/ ,I LOVE ABOVE ALL ELSE8 

,MY REASON1 MY FRE$OM1 MY 9T]NAL H>MONY1 & MY HAPP9ESS1 = !SE >E ! O!R NAMES ( MY ,GOD4 

,DOES MY ,GOD DEM& SACRIFICES8 

,MY ,GOD DEM&S ?AT ,I SACRIFICE MY DESIRES & MY FE>S4 ,HE DEM&S ?AT ,I DETE/ FALSE GOODS & ?AT ,I BE 0POOR 9 SPIRIT40 

,:AT ELSE DOES HE DEM&8 

,HE ALSO DEM&S ?AT ,I BE READY TO SACRIFICE TO HIM MY S5SIBILITY &1 IF NE$ BE1 MY LIFE4 

,:AT !N WILL ,I LOVE 9 MY NEI<BOR8 

,I HAVE ! SAME DUTIES T[>DS ! S5SIBILITIES ( MY NEI<BOR AS ,I DO T[>DS ! S5SIBILITIES ( ANIMALS OR MYSELF4 

,EXPLA9 Y\RSELF4 

,I WILL NOT CREATE PO9TLESS SUFF]+ 9 O!RS OR MYSELF4 

,CAN ,I CREATE PO9TLESS SUFF]+8 

,I CANNOT ACTIVELY CREATE PO9TLESS SUFF]+4 ,BUT C]TA9 NECESS>Y AB/5TIONS WILL HAVE AS A CONSEQU5CE SUFF]+ 9 O!RS OR MYSELF4 ,I %\LD NO MORE SACRIFICE MY ,GOD TO ! S5SIBILITY ( O!RS ?AN TO MY S5SIBILITY4 

,:AT >E MY OBLIGATIONS T[>DS ! LIVES ( O!RS8 

,I MU/ NEI!R KILL NOR W\ND !M4 

,>E !RE NOT CASES :]E WE HAVE ! RI<T TO KILL8 

,9 ! CASE ( SELF-DEF5SE IT W\LD SEEM ?AT NECESSITY CREATES ! RI<T TO KILL4 ,BUT 9 ALMO/ ALL CASES1 IF ,I AM BRAVE 5\<1 ,I WILL MA9TA9 ! CALM ?AT P]MITS US TO SAVE \RSELVES )\T KILL+4 

,IS IT NOT BETT] TO BE ATTACK$ )\T DEF5D+ ONESELF8 

,9 ?IS CASE AB/5TION IS1 9 FACT ! SIGN ( A SUP]IOR VIRTUE1 ! TRULY H]OIC SOLUTION4 

,9 ! FACE ( ! SUFF]+ ( O!RS1 >E !RE NOT UNJU/IFI$ AB/5TIONS ?AT >E EXACTLY EQUIVAL5T TO EVIL ACTS8 

,!RE >E4 ,IF ,I ALL[ TO DIE HE :O ,I C\LD HAVE SAV$ )\T CRIME1 ,I AM A V]ITABLE ASSASS94 

,CITE A PHRASE ( ,BOSSUET'S DEAL+ ) ?IS4 

0,?IS RI* 9HUMAN BE+ HAS /RIPP$ ! POOR MAN BECAUSE HE DID NOT CLO! HIM4 ,HE CRUELLY MURD]$ HIM BECAUSE HE DID NOT FE$ HIM40 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( S9C]ITY8 

,S9C]ITY IS MY PRIM>Y DUTY T[>DS O!RS & MYSELF1 ! TE/IMONY ?AT MY ,GOD DEM&S AS A CONT9UAL SACRIFICE1 LIKE A FLAME ?AT ,I MU/ NEV] ALL[ TO BE EXT+UI%$4 

,:AT IS ! MO/ NECESS>Y S9C]ITY8 

,! PROCLAMATION ( MY MORAL C]TA9TIES4 

,:AT S9C]ITY DO Y\ PUT 9 SECOND PLACE8 

,S9C]ITY 9 ! EXPRESSION ( MY S5TIM5TS4 

,IS EXACTITUDE 9 ! EXPOSITION ( EXT]NAL FACTS )\T IMPORTANCE8 

,IT IS MU* LESS IMPORTANT ?AN ! TWO GREAT PHILOSOPHICAL & S5TIM5TAL S9C]ITIES4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! WISE MAN OBS]VES IT4 

,H[ MANY K9DS LIES >E !RE8 

,!RE >E ?REE K9DS ( LIES3 ! MALICI\S LIE1 ! (FICI\S LIE1 & ! JOY\S LIE4 

,:AT IS A MALICI\S LIE8 

,! MALICI\S LIE IS A CRIME & AN ACT ( C[>DICE4 

,:AT IS AN (FICI\S LIE8 

,AN (FICI\S LIE IS ONE ?AT HAS USEFULNESS TO O!RS OR MYSELF AS ITS GOAL4 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( ! (FICI\S LIE8 

,:5 AN (FICI\S LIE CONTA9S NO H>MFUL ELEM5T ! WISE MAN DOESN'T CONDEMN IT 9 O!RS1 BUT HE AVOIDS IT HIMSELF4 

,>E !RE NOT CASES :]E ! (FICI\S LIE IS NE$$2 IF A LIE CAN1 = EXAMPLE1 SAVE SOMEONE'S LIFE8 

,9 ?IS CASE ! WISE MAN CAN TELL A LIE ?AT DOESN'T T\* ON ! FACTS4 ,BUT HE WILL ALMO/ ALWAYS1 9/EAD ( LY+1 REFUSE TO RESPOND4 

,IS A JOY\S LIE P]MITT$8 

,! WISE MAN =BIDS HIM ! JOY\S LIE4 

,:Y8 

,! JOY\S LIE SACRIFICES TO A GAME ! AU?ORITY ( ! WORD :I*1 MA9TA9$1 CAN SOMETIMES BE USEFUL TO O!RS4 

,DOES ! WISE MAN =BID HIMSELF FICTION8 

,! WISE MAN DOESN'T =BID HIMSELF ANY OP5 FICTION1 & IT HAPP5S ?AT HE TELLS P>ABLES FABLES1 SYMBOLS1 & MY?S4 

,:AT %\LD ! RELATIONS BETWE5 M5 & WOM5 BE8 

,! RELATIONS BETWE5 A MAN & A WOMAN %\LD BE1 LIKE ALL RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLE1 ABSOLUTELY FREE ON BO? SIDES4 

,>E !RE RULES TO BE OBS]V$ 9 !SE RELATIONS8 

,!Y %\LD EXPRESS MUTUAL S9C]ITY4 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( LOVE8 

,MUTUAL LOVE IS ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL ( 9DIFF]5T ?+S1 ! NE>E/ TO BE+ A VIRTUE4 ,IT MAKES A KISS NOBLE4 

,IS A KISS )\T LOVE A FAULT8 

,IF A KISS )\T LOVE IS ! MEET+ ( TWO DESIRES & TWO PLEASURE IT DOESN'T CON/ITUTE A FAULT4 

,*APT] #d4 ,ON ,SOCIETY 

,DO ,I NOT HAVE RELATIONS ) ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS8 

,I HAVE RELATIONS1 NOT ONLY ) ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT ALSO ) V>I\S SOCIAL GR\PS &1 9 G5]AL1 ) SOCIETY4 

,:AT IS SOCIETY8 

,SOCIETY IS A GA!R+ ( 9DIVIDUALS = A COMMON LABOR4 

,CAN A COMMON LABOR BE GOOD8 

,UND] C]TA9 CONDITIONS A COMMON LABOR CAN BE GOOD4 

,UND] :AT CONDITIONS8 

,A COMMON LABOR WILL BE GOOD IF1 ?R\< MUTUAL LOVE OR ?R\< LOVE ( ! TASK WORK]S ALL ACT FREELY1 & IF !IR COMMON EF=TS BR+ !M TOGE!R 9 A H>MONI\S COORD9ATION4 

,DOES SOCIAL LABOR 9 FACT HAVE ?IS *>ACT]I/IC ( LIB]TY8 

,9 FACT1 SOCIAL LABOR HAS NO *>ACT]I/ICS ( LIB]TY4 ,WORK]S >E SUBORD9AT$ TO EA* O!R4 ,!IR EF=TS >E NOT SPONTANE\S & H>MONI\S ACTS ( LOVE1 BUT GR9D+ ACTS ( CON/RA9T4 

,:AT DO Y\ CONCLUDE FROM ?IS *>ACT]I/IC ( SOCIAL LABOR8 

,I CONCLUDE FROM ?IS ?AT SOCIAL LABOR IS EVIL4 

,H[ DOES ! WISE MAN CONSID] SOCIETY8 

,! WISE MAN CONSID]S SOCIETY AS A LIMIT4 ,HE FEELS SOCIAL 9 ! SAME WAY HE FEELS MORTAL4 

,:AT IS ! ATTITUDE ( ! WISE MAN 9 FACE ( !SE LIMITS8 

,! WISE MAN REG>DS !SE LIMITS AS MAT]IAL NECESSITIES & HE PHYSICALLY SUBMITS TO !M ) 9DIFF]5CE4 

,:AT >E LIMITS = HE :O IS ON ! M>* T[>DS WISDOM8 

,LIMITS CON/ITUTE DANG]S = HE :O IS ON ! M>* T[>DS WISDOM4 

,:Y8 

,HE :O CANNOT YET DI/+UI% 9 PRACTICE1 ) UN%AKABLE C]TA9TY1 ! ?+S ?AT DEP5D ON HIM FROM ?OSE ?AT >E 9DIFF]5T RISKS TRANSLAT+ MAT]IAL CON/RA9TS 9TO MORAL CON/RA9TS4 

,:AT %\LD ! IMP]FECT 9DIVIDUALI/ DO 9 ! FACE ( SOCIAL CON/RA9TS8 

,HE %\LD DEF5D HIS REASON & HIS WILL AGA9/ !M4 ,HE WILL REJECT ! PREJUDICES IT IMPOSES ON O!R M51 & HE WILL =BID HIMSELF FROM HAT+ OR LOV+ IT4 ,HE WILL PROGRESSIVELY FREE HIMSELF FROM ANY FE> OR DESIRE CONC]N+ IT4 ,HE WILL ADVANCE T[>DS P]FECT 9DIFF]5CE1 :I* IS :AT WISDOM IS :5 CONFRONT+ ?+S ?AT DO NOT DEP5D ON HIM4 

,DOES ! WISE MAN HOPE = A BETT] SOCIETY8 

,! WISE MAN =BIDS HIMSELF ANY HOPE4 

,DOES ! WISE MAN BELIEVE 9 PROGRESS8 

,HE NOTES ?AT WISE MAN >E R>E 9 ALL ]AS & ?AT !RE IS NO MORAL PROGRESS4 

,DOES ! WISE MAN TAKE JOY 9 MAT]IAL PROGRESS8 

,! WISE MAN NOTES ?AT MAT]IAL PROGRESS HAS AS ITS OBJECT ! 9CREAS+ ( ! >TIFICIAL NE$S ( SOME & ! LABOR ( O!RS4 ,MAT]IAL PROGRESS APPE>S TO HIM AS AN 9CREAS+ WEI<T1 :I* 9CREAS+LY PLUNGES MAN 9 ! MUD & 9 SUFF]+4 

,WON'T ! 9V5TION ( P]FECT$ MA*9ES DIM9I% HUMAN LABOR8 

,! 9V5TION ( MA*9ES HAS ALWAYS AGGRAVAT$ LABOR4 ,IT HAS R5D]$ IT MORE PA9FUL & LESS H>MONI\S4 ,IT HAS REPLACE FREE & 9TELLIG5T 9ITIATIVE ) A S]VILE & FE>FUL PRECISION4 ,IT HAS MADE ( ! LABOR]1 ONCE ! SMIL+ MA/] ( TOOLS1 ! TREMBL+ SLAVE ( ! MA*9E4 

,H[ CAN ! MA*9E1 :I* MULTIPLIES PRODUCTS1 NOT DIM9I% ! QUANTITY ( LABOR TO BE FURNI%$ BY MAN8 

,MAN IS GRE$Y1 & ! FOLLY ( IMAG9>Y NE$S GR[S AS IT IS SATISFI$4 ,! MORE SUP]FLU\S ?+S ! MADMAN HAS1 ! MORE HE WANTS4 

,DOES ! WISE MAN C>RY \T SOCIAL ACTS8 

,! WISE MAN NOTES ?AT 9 ORD] TO C>RY \T SOCIAL ACTS ONE MU/ ACT ON CR[DS1 & ONE DOESN'T ACT ON CR[DS ?R\< REASON1 BUT ?R\< ! PASSIONS4 ,HE DOESN'T BELIEVE ?AT HE HAS ! RI<T TO /IR UP ! PASSIONS ( M54 ,SOCIAL ACTION APPE>S TO HIM TO BE A TYRANNY1 & HE AB/A9S FROM TAK+ P>T 9 ?IS4 

,IS ! WISE MAN NOT SELFI% 9 =GETT+ ! HAPP9ESS ( ! PEOPLE8 

,! WISE MAN KN[S ?AT ! WORDS 0,! HAPP9ESS ( ! PEOPLE10 HAVE NO MEAN+4 ,HAPP9ESS IS 9T]NAL & 9DIVIDUAL4 ,IT CAN ONLY BE PRODUC$ )9 ONESELF4 

,DOES ! WISE MAN !N HAVE NO PITY = ! OPPRESS$8 

,! WISE MAN KN[S ?AT ! OPPRESS$ :O COMPLA9 ASPIRE TO BE OPPRESSORS4 ,HE RELIEVES !M ACCORD+ TO HIS MEANS1 BUT HE DOESN'T BELIEVE 9 SALVATION ?R\< COMMON ACTION4 

,! WISE MAN !N DOESN'T BELIEVE 9 RE=M8 

,HE NOTES ?AT RE=MS *ANGE ! NAMES ( ?+S & NOT ! ?+S !MSELVES4 ,! SLAVE BECAME A S]F1 & !N A SAL>I$ WORK]3 NO?+ AHS BE5 RE=M$ BUT LANGUAGE4 ,! WISE MAN REMA9S 9DIFF]5T TO !SE QUE/IONS ( PHILOLOGY4 

,IS ! WISE MAN REVOLUTION>Y8 

,EXP]I5CE PROVES TO ! WISE MAN ?AT REVOLUTIONS NEV] HAVE LA/+ RESULTS4 ,REASON TELLS HIM ?AT LIES >E NOT REFUT$ BY LIES1 & ?AT VIOL5CE ISN'T DE/ROY$ BY VIOL5CE4 

,:AT DOES ! WISE MAN ?9K ( AN>*Y8 

,! WISE MAN REG>DS AN>*Y AS A =M ( NAIVETE4 

,:Y8 

,! AN>*I/ BELIEVES ?AT ! GOV]NM5T IS ! LIMIT ( LIB]TY4 ,HE HOPES1 BY DE/ROY+ GOV]NM5T1 TO EXP& LIB]TY4 

,IS HE NOT RI<T8 

,! TRUE LIMIT IS NOT GOV]NM5T1 BUT SOCIETY4 ,GOV]NM5T IS A SOCIAL PRODUCT LIKE ANO!R4 ,WE DON'T DE/ROY A TREE BY CUTT+ ONE ( ITS BRAN*ES4 

,:Y DOES ! WISE MAN NOT WORK AT DE/ROY+ SOCIETY8 

,SOCIETY IS AS 9EVITABLE AS DEA?4 ,ON A MAT]IAL LEVEL \R /R5G? IS WEAK AGA9/ SU* LIMITS4 ,BUT ! WISE MAN DE/ROYS 9 HIMSELF ! FE> ( SOCIETY1 JU/ AS HE DE/ROYS ! FE> ( DEA?4 ,HE IS 9DIFF]5T TO ! POLITICAL & SOCIAL =M ( ! MILIEU 9 :I* HE LIVES1 JU/ AS HE IS 9DIFF]5T TO ! K9D ( DEA? ?AT AWAITS HIM4 

,SO ! WISE MAN WILL NEV] ACT ON SOCIETY8 

,! WISE MAN KN[S ?AT WE CAN'T DE/ROY EI!R SOCIAL 9JU/ICE OR ! WAT]S ( ! SEA4 ,BUT HE /RIVES TO SAVE AN OPPRESS$ P]SON FROM A P>TICUL> 9JU/ICE1 JU/ AS HE ?R[S HIMSELF 9TO ! WAT] TO SAVE A DR[N+ MAN4 

,*APT] #e4 ,ON ,SOCIAL ,RELATIONS 

,IS WORK A SOCIAL OR A NATURAL LAW8 

,WORK IS A NATURAL LAW WORS5$ BY SOCIETY4 

,H[ DOES SOCIETY WORS5 ! NATURAL LAW ( WORK8 

,9 ?REE WAYS3 #a- ,IT >BITR>ILY DISP5SES A C]TA9 NUMB] ( M5 FROM ALL WORK & PLACES !IR P>T ( ! BURD5 ON O!R M54 #b- ,IT EMPLOYS MANY M5 AT USELESS LABORS & SOCIAL FUNCTIONS4 #c- ,IT MULTIPLIES AMONG ALL1 & P>TICUL>LY AMONG ! RI*1 IMAG9>Y NE$S & IT IMPOSES ON ! POOR ! ODI\S LABOR NECESS>Y = ! SATISFACTION ( !SE NE$S4 

,:Y DO Y\ F9D ! LAW ( WORK NATURAL8 

,BECAUSE MY BODY HAS NATURAL NE$S ?AT CAN ONLY BE SATISFI$ BY PRODUCTS ( LABOR4 

,SO Y\ ONLY CONSID] MANUAL LABOR TO BE LABOR8 

,)\T A D\BT4 

,DOESN'T ! SPIRIT ALSO HAVE NATURAL NE$S8 

,EX]CISE IS ! ONLY NATURAL NE$ ( \R 9TELLECTUAL FACULTIES4 ,! SPIRIT =EV] REMA9S A HAPPY *ILD :O NE$S MOVEM5T & PLAY4 

,>5'T SPECIAL WORK]S NE$$ TO GIVE ! SPIRIT OCCASIONS = PLAY8 

,! SPECTACLE ( NATURE1 ! OBS]VATION ( HUMAN PASSIONS1 & ! PLEASURE ( CONV]SATION SUFFICE = ! NATURAL NE$S ( ! SPIRIT4 

,SO Y\ CONDEMN >T1 SCI5CE1 & PHILOSOPHY8 

,I DON'T CONDEMN !SE PLEASURES4 ,LIKE LOVE1 !Y >E NOBLE AS LONG AS !Y REMA9 DIS9T]E/$4 ,9 >T1 9 SCI5CE1 9 PHILOSOPHY1 9 LOVE1 ! DELI<T ,I FEEL 9 GIV+ TO MYSELF %\LDN'T BE PAID = BY HE :O 5JOYS ! DELI<T 9 RECEIV+4 

,BUT !RE >5'T !RE >TI/S :O CREATE ) PA9 & S*OL>S :O SEEK ) FATIGUE8 

,IF ! PA9 IS GREAT] ?AN ! PLEASURE ,I DON'T UND]/& :Y !SE POOR PEOPLE DON'T AB/A98 

,SO Y\ W\LD DEM& MANUAL LABOR ( ! >TI/ & ! S*OL>8 

,AS IS ! CASE ) LOV]S1 NATURE DEM&S MANUAL LABOR ( ! S*OL> & >TI/ S9CE IT IMPOSES NATURAL NE$S ON !M1 AS ON O!R M54 

,! 9FIRM ALSO HAVE MAT]IAL NE$S1 & Y\ W\LDN'T BE SO CRUEL AS TO IMPOSE A TASK ON !M !Y W\LDN'T BE CAPABLE (8 

,)\T A D\BT1 BUT ,I DON'T CONSID] ! BEAUTY ( A BODY OR ! =CE ( A M9D TO BE 9FIRMITIES4 

,SO ! 9DIVIDUALI/ WILL WORK ) HIS H&S8 

,YES1 AS MU* AS POSSIBLE4 

,:Y DO Y\ SAY3 0,AS MU* AS POSSIBLE80 

,BECAUSE SOCIETY HAS R5D]$ OB$I5CE TO NATURAL LAW DIFFICULT4 ,!RE IS NOT REMUN]ATIVE MANUAL LABOR = ALL4 ,ORD9>ILY1 WE AWAK5 TO 9DIVIDUALISM TOO LATE TO DO AN APPR5TICE%IP 9 A MANUAL TRADE4 ,SOCIETY HAS /OL5 FROM ALL1 9 ORD] TO TURN OV] TO A FEW1 ?AT GREAT 9/RUM5T ( NATURAL LABOR1 ! E>?4 

,! 9DIVIDUALI/ !N CAN1 9 ! CURR5T /ATE ( ?+S1 LIVE (F A TASK ?AT HE DOESN'T CONSID] TRUE LABOR8 

,HE CAN4 

,CAN ! 9DIVIDUALI/ BE A FUNCTION>Y8 

,YES1 BUT HE CAN'T AGREE TO ALL K9DS ( FUNCTIONS4 

,:AT >E ! FUNCTIONS ! 9DIVIDUALI/ WILL AB/A9 FROM8 

,! 9DIVIDUALI/ WILL AB/A9 FROM ANY FUNCTION ( AN ADM9I/RATIVE1 JUDICIAL1 OR MILIT>Y ORD]4 ,HE WILL BE NEI!R A PREFECT1 A POLICEMAN1 AN (FIC]1 JUDGE OR EXECUTION]4 

,:Y8 

,! 9DIVIDUALI/ CANNOT FIGURE AMONG SOCIAL TYRANTS4 

,:AT FUNCTIONS CAN HE ACCEPT8 

,?OSE FUNCTIONS ?AT DON'T H>M O!RS4 

,ASIDE FROM FUNCTIONS PAID = BY ! GOV]NM5T1 >E !RE H>MFUL C>E]S ?AT ! 9DIVIDUALI/ WILL AB/A9 FROM8 

,!RE >E4 

,CITE A FEW4 

,!FT1 BANK+1 ! EXPLOITATION ( ! C\RTESAN1 ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK]4 

,:AT WILL ! RELATIONS ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/ BE ) HIS SOCIAL 9F]IORS8 

,HE WILL RESPECT !IR P]SONALITY & !IR LIB]TY4 ,HE WILL NEV] =GET ?AT PR(ESSIONAL OBLIGATION IS A FICTION & ?AT HUMAN OBLIGATION IS ! ONLY MORAL REALITY4 ,HE WILL NEV] =GET ?AT HI]>*IES >E FOLLIES & HE WILL ACT NATURALLY1 NOT SOCIALLY ) ! M5 ?AT SOCIAL FALSEHOOD AFFIRM TO BE HIS 9F]IORS1 BUT :I* NATURE HAS MADE HIS EQUALS4 

,WILL ! 9DIVIDUALI/ HAVE MANY DEAL+S ) HIS SOCIAL 9F]IORS8 

,HE WILL AVOID AB/5TIONS ?AT C\LD UPSET !M4 ,BUT HE WILL SEE LITTLE ( !M = FE> ( F9D+ !M SOCIAL & UNNATURAL2 ,I MEAN = FE> ( F9D+ !M S]VILE1 EMB>RASS$ OR HO/ILE4 

,:AT WILL ! RELATIONS ( AN 9DIVIDUALI/ BE ) HIS COLLEAGUES & HIS FELL[S8 

,HE WILL BE POLITE & ACCOMMODAT+ ) !M4 ,BUT HE WILL AVOID !IR CONV]SATION AS MU* AS HE CAN )\T W\ND+ !M4 

,:Y8 

,9 ORD] TO DEF5D HIMSELF AGA9/ TWO SUBTLE POISONS3 ESPRIT DE CORPS & PR(ESSIONAL /UPEFACTION4 

,H[ WILL ! 9DIVIDUALI/ CONDUCT HIMSELF ) HIS SOCIAL SUP]IORS8 

,! 9DIVIDUALI/ WILL NOT =GET ?AT ! WORDS ( HIS SOCIAL SUP]IORS ALMO/ ALWAYS DEAL ) 9DIFF]5T ?+S4 ,HE WILL LI/5 ) 9DIFF]5CE & RESPOND AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE4 ,HE WILL MAKE NO OBJECTIONS4 ,HE WON'T 9DICATE ! ME?ODS ?AT APPE> TO HIM TO BE ! BE/4 ,HE WILL AVOID ALL USELESS DISCUSSION4 

,:Y8 

,BECAUSE ! SOCIAL SUP]IOR IS G5]ALLY A VA9 & IRRITABLE *ILD4 

,IF A SOCIAL SUP]IOR ORD]S1 NOT AN 9DIFF]5T ?+1 BUT AN 9JU/ICE OR A CRUELTY1 :AT WILL ! 9DIVIDUALI/ DO8 

,HE WILL REFUSE TO OBEY4 

,WON'T DISOB$I5CE CAUSE HIM TO RISK DANG]8 

,NO4 ,BECOM+ ! 9/RUM5T ( 9JU/ICE & EVIL IS ! DEA? ( REASON & LIB]TY4 ,BUT DISOB$I5CE TO AN UNJU/ ORD] ONLY PLACES ! BODY & MAT]IAL RES\RCES 9 DANG]1 :I* >E C\NT$ AMONG 9DIFF]5T ?+S4 

,:AT WILL ! IDEAS ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/ BE 9 ! FACE ( ! =CES ( ORD]8 

,! 9DIVIDUALI/ WILL M5TALLY SAY TO ! UNJU/ *IEF3 Y\ >E ONE ( ! MOD]N 9C>NATIONS ( ! TYRANT4 ,BUT ! TYRANT CAN DO NO?+ AGA9/ ! WISE MAN4 

,WILL ! 9DIVIDUALI/ EXPLA9 HIS REFUSAL TO OBEY8 

,YES1 IF HE ?9KS ! SOCIAL *IEF CAPABLE ( UND]/&+ & REJECT+ HIS ]ROR4 ,! *IEF IS ALMO/ ALWAYS 9CAPABLE ( UND]/&+4 

,:AT WILL ! 9DIVIDUALI/ !N DO8 

,! REFUSAL TO OBEY IS ! SOLE UNIV]SAL OBLIGATION BE=E AN UNJU/ ORD]4 ,! =M ( ! REFUSAL DEP5DS ON MY P]SONALITY4 

,H[ DOES ! 9DIVIDUALI/ CONSID] ! CR[D8 

,! 9DIVIDUALI/ CONSID]S ! CR[D AS ONE ( ! MO/ BRUTAL ( NATURAL =CES4 

,H[ DOES HE ACT 9 A CR[D ?AT IS CAUS+ NO H>M8 

,HE /RIVES TO NOT FEEL HIMSELF 9 CON=MITY ) ! CR[D & TO NOT ALL[1 EV5 = A S+LE 9/ANT1 HIS P]SONALITY TO BE DR[N$ 9 IT4 

,:Y8 

,9 ORD] TO REMA9 A FREE MAN4 ,BECAUSE P]HAPS SOON AN UN=ESE5 %OCK WILL CAUSE ! CRUELTY ( ! CR[D TO BUR/ =?1 & HE :O WILL HAVE BEGUN TO FEEL LIKE IT1 HE :O WILL TRULY BE P>T ( ! CR[D WILL HAVE DIFFICULTY 9 SEP>AT+ FROM IT AT ! MOM5T ( MORAL ELAN4 

,:AT WILL ! WISE MAN DO IF ! CR[D ?AT HE F9DS HIMSELF 9 ATTEMPTS AN 9JU/ICE OR A CRUELTY8 

,! WISE MAN WILL OPPOSE1 BY ALL MEANS NOBLE & 9DIFF]5T1 ! 9JU/ICE OR ! CRUELTY4 

,:AT >E ! ME?ODS ! WISE MAN WILL NOT EMPLOY1 EV5 9 !SE CIRCUM/ANCE8 

,! WISE MAN WILL NOT DESC5D TO FALSEHOOD1 PRAY]1 OR FLATT]Y4 

,FLATT]+ ! CR[D IS A P[]FUL ORATORICAL ME?OD4 ,DOES ! WISE MAN ABSOLUTELY =BID ?IS TO HIMSELF8 

,! WISE MAN CAN ADDRESS TO ! CR[D1 AS TO *ILDR51 ?AT PRAISE ?AT IS ! IRONICALLY AMIABLE 5VELOPE ( HIS C\NSELS4 ,BUT HE WILL KN[ ?AT ! LIMIT IS UNC]TA9 & ADV5TURE DANG]\S4 ,HE WILL NOT RISK IT UNLESS HE ABSOLUTELY C]TA9 NOT ONLY ( ! FIRMNESS ( HIS S\L BUT ALSO ( ! PRECISE FLEXIBILITY ( HIS SPEE*4 

,WILL ! WISE MAN TE/IFY BE=E TRIBUNALS8 

,! WISE MAN WILL NEV] TE/IFY BE=E TRIBUNALS4 

,:Y8 

,TE/IFY+ BE=E TRIBUNALS = MAT]IAL OR 9DIFF]5T 9T]E/S MEANS SACRIFIC+ TO ! SOCIAL IDOL & RECOGNIZ+ TYRANNY4 ,:AT IS MORE1 !RE IS C[>DICE 9 APPEAL+ TO ! P[] ( ALL = ASSI/ANCE4 

,:AT WILL ! WISE MAN DO IF HE IS ACCUS$8 

,9 KEEP+ ) HIS *>ACT] HE CAN TELL ! TRU? OR OPPOSE DISDA9 & SIL5CE TO SOCIAL TYRANNY4 

,IF ! 9DIVIDUALI/ RECOGNIZES HIS GUILT :AT WILL HE SAY8 

,HE WILL SPEAK ( HIS REAL & NATURAL ]ROR2 WILL CLE>LY DI/+UI% IT FROM ! APP>5T & SOCIAL ]ROR = :I* HE IS PURSU$4 ,HE WILL ADD ?AT HIS CONSCI5CE 9FLICTS TRUE PUNI%M5T ON HIM = HIS TRUE ]ROR4 ,BUT = AN APP>5T ]ROR SOCIETY1 :I* ONLY ACTS ON 9DIFF]5T ?+S1 WILL 9FLICT AN APP>5T PUNI%M5T4 

,IF ! ACCUS$ WISE MAN IS 9NOC5T BE=E HIS CONSCI5CE & GUILTY BE=E ! LAW1 :AT WILL HE SAY8 

,HE WILL EXPLA9 9 :AT WAY HIS LEGAL CRIME IS A NATURAL 9NOC5CE4 ,HE WILL SPEAK ( HIS CONTEMPT = ! LAW1 ?AT ORGANIZ$ 9JU/ICE & ?AT P[]LESSNESS ?AT CAN DO NO?+ TO US1 BUT ONLY TO \R BODIES & \R WEAL?1 9DIFF]5T ?+S4 

,IF ! ACCUS$ WISE MAN IS 9NOC5T BE=E HIS CONSCI5CE & ! LAW1 :AT WILL HE SAY8 

,HE CAN ONLY SPEAK ( HIS REAL 9NOC5CE4 ,IF HE DEIGNS TO EXPLA9 !SE TWO 9NOC5CES HE WILL DECL>E ?AT ONLY ! FIR/ ONE MATT]S TO HIM4 

,WILL ! WISE MAN TE/IFY BE=E CIVIL TRIBUNALS8 

,! WISE MAN WILL NOT REFUSE HIS TE/IMONY TO ! FEEBLE OPPRESS$4 

,WILL ! WISE MAN TE/IFY AT P5AL C\RT OR BE=E ! C\RT ( ASSIZES8 

,YES1 IF HE KN[S A TRU? USEFUL TO ! ACCUS$4 

,IF ! WISE MAN KN[S A TRU? H>MFUL TO ! ACCUS$1 :AT WILL HE DO8 

,HE WILL REMA9 SIL5T4 

,:Y8 

,BECAUSE A CONDEMNATION IS ALWAYS AN 9JU/ICE & ! WISE MAN DOESN'T MAKE HIMSELF AN ACCOMPLICE 9 AN 9JU/ICE4 

,:Y DO Y\ SAY ?AT A CONDEMNATION IS ALWAYS AN 9JU/ICE8 

,BECAUSE NO MAN HAS ! RI<T TO 9FLICT DEA? ON ANO!R MAN OR TO LOCK HIM 9 PRISON4 

,DOESN'T SOCIETY HAVE RI<TS DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL8 

,SOCIETY1 A GA!R+ ( 9DIVIDUALS1 CANNOT HAVE A RI<T ?AT ISN'T F\ND 9 ANY 9DIVIDUAL4 ,Z]OES1 :5 ADD$ UP1 H[EV] NUM]\S !Y MI<T BE1 ALWAYS ADD UP TO Z]O4 

,ISN'T SOCIETY 9 A /ATE ( SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ C]TA9 MALEFACTORS8 

,! RI<T TO SELF DEF5SE ONLY LA/S AS LONG AS ! ATTACK ITSELF4 

,WILL ! WISE MAN SIT ON A JURY8 

,HE WILL ALWAYS ANSW] 0NO0 TO ! FIR/ QUE/ION3 ,IS ! ACCUS$ GUILTY8 

,WON'T ?AT RESPONSE SOMETIMES BE A LIE8 

,?AT RESPONSE WILL NEV] BE A LIE4 

,:Y8 

,! QUE/ION ( ! PRESID5T %\LD BE TRANSLAT$ ?USLY3 0,DO Y\ WANT US TO 9FLICT PUNI%M5T ON ! ACCUS$80 ,& ,I AM =C$ TO ANSW] 0NO10 = ,I DON'T HAVE ! RI<T TO 9FLICT PUNI%M5T ON ANYONE4 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( DUELS8 

,EV]Y APPEAL TO VIOL5CE IS AN EVIL4 ,BUT ! DUEL IS A LESS] EVIL COMP>$ TO APPEAL+ TO JU/ICE4 

,:Y8 

,IT ISN'T A =M ( C[>DICE2 IT DOESN'T CRY \T = ASSI/ANCE1 & DOESN'T EMPLOY ! =CE ( ALL AGA9/ ONE ALONE4 

,*APT] #f4 ,ON ,SACRIFICES TO ,IDOLS 

,MAY ,I SACRIFICE TO ! IDOLS ( MY TIME & C\NTRY8 

,) 9DIFF]5CE ,I CAN ALL[ IDOLS TO TAKE 9DIFF]5T ?+S FROM ME4 ,BUT ,I MU/ DEF5D :AT DEP5DS ON ME & BELONGS TO MY ,GOD4 

,H[ CAN ,I DI/+UI% MY ,GOD FROM IDOLS8 

,MY ,GOD IS PROCLAIM$ BY MY CONSCI5CE ! MOM5T IT IS TRULY MY VOICE & NOT AN E*O4 ,BUT IDOLS >E ! WORK ( SOCIETY4 

,BY :AT O!R *>ACT]I/IC DO WE RECOGNIZE IDOLS8 

,MY ,GOD ONLY DESIRES ! SACRIFICE ( 9DIFF]5T ?+S4 ,IDOLS DEM& ?AT ,I SACRIFICE MYSELF4 

,CAN Y\ EXPLA9 Y\RSELF8 

,IDOLS PROCLAIM AS VIRTUES ! MO/ S]VILE & L[ EXP$I5TS3 DISCIPL9E & PASSIVE OB$I5CE4 ,!Y DEM& ! SACRIFICE ( MY REASON & MY WILL4 

,DO IDOLS COMMIT O!R 9JU/ICES8 

,NOT CONT5T ) WANT+ TO DE/ROY :AT IS SUP]IOR TO !M & :AT ,I NEV] HAVE ! RI<T TO AB&ON1 !Y WANT ME TO SACRIFICE :AT DOESN'T BELONG TO ME AT ALL3 ! LIFE ( MY NEI<BOR4 

,DO Y\ KN[ ANY O!R *>ACT]I/ICS ( IDOLS8 

,! TRUE ,GOD IS ET]NAL & IMM5SE4 ,IT IS ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E ?AT ,I MU/ OBEY MY REASON ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E4 ,BUT IDOLS V>Y ) ! TIME & C\NTRY4 

,%[ H[ IDOLS V>Y ) ! TIMES4 

,ONCE ,I WAS ASK$ TO SUPPRESS MY REASON & TO KILL MY NEI<BOR = ! GLORY ( ,I DON'T KN[ :AT ,GOD =EIGN & EXT]NAL TO MYSELF = ! GLORY ( ! ,K+4 ,TODAY ,I AM ASK$ TO MAKE ! SAME ABOM9ABLE SACRIFICES = ! HONOR ( ! ,FA!RL&4 ,TOMORR[ !Y WILL P]HAPS BE DEM&$ = ! HONOR ( ! RACE1 ! COLOR1 OR ! P>T ( ! WORLD4 

,DOES ! IDOL ONLY V>Y :5 ITS NAME *ANGES8 

,AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ! IDOL AVOIDS *ANG+ ITS NAME4 ,BUT IT (T5 V>IES4 

,CITE *ANGES 9 AN IDOL ?AT >5'T ACCOMPANI$ BY A *ANGE 9 NAME4 

,9 A NEI<BOR+ C\NTRY ! IDOL ( ! ,FA!RL& WAS ,PRUSSIA2 TODAY1 UND] ! SAME NAME1 ! IDOL IS ,G]MANY4 ,IT DEM&$ ?AT ! ,PRUSSIAN KILL ! ,BAV>IAN4 ,LAT] IT DEM&$ ?AT ! ,PRUSSIAN & ! ,BAV>IAN KILL ! ,FR5*MAN4 ,9 #ahei ! ,SAVOY>D & ! ,NICOIS W]E AT RISK ( SOON B[+ BE=E A FA!RL& %AP$ LIKE A BOOT4 ,! HAZ>DS ( DIPLOMACY HAVE !M ADORE A HEXAGONAL ,FA!RL&4 ,! ,POLE HESITATES BETWE5 A DEAD & A LIV+ IDOL2 ! ,ALSATIAN BETWE5 TWO LIV+ IDOLS :O PRET5D TO ! SAME NAME ( ,FA!RL&4 

,:AT >E ! CURR5T PR9CIPAL IDOLS8 

,9 C]TA9 C\NTRIES1 ! ,K+ OR ! ,EMP]OR1 9 O!RS SOME FRAUD CALL$ ! ,WILL ( ! ,PEOPLE4 ,EV]Y:]E ,ORD]1 ! ,POLITICAL P>TY1 ,RELIGION1 ! ,FA!RL&1 ! ,RACE1 ! ,COLOR4 ,WE %\LDN'T =GET PUBLIC OP9ION1 ) ITS ?\S& NAMES1 FROM ! MO/ EMPHATIC1 ,HONOR1 TO ! MI/ TRIVIALLY L[1 ! FE> ( 0,:AT WILL ! NEI<BORS SAY80 

,IS ,COLOR A DANG]\S IDOL8 

,! ,:ITE COLOR ESPECIALLY4 ,IT HAS MANAG$ TO UNITE 9 ONE CULT ! ,FR5*1 ,G]MANS1 ,RUSSIANS1 & ,ITALIANS & TO OBTA9 FROM !SE NOBLE PRIE/S ! BLOODY SACRIFICE ( A GREAT NUMB] ( ,*9ESE4 

,DO Y\ KN[ O!R CRIMES ( ! ,:ITE ,COLOR8 

,IT IS !Y :O HAVE MADE ALL ( ,AFRICA A HELL4 ,IT IS !Y :O DE/ROY$ ! ,9DIANS ( ,AM]ICA & LYN*ES ,NEGROES4 

,DO ! ADOR]S ( ! ,:ITE ,COLOR (F] ONLY BLOOD TO !IR IDOL8 

,!Y ALSO (F] IT PRAISE4 

,SPEAK ( ?IS PRAISE4 

,IT W\LD BE TOO LONG A LITANY4 ,BUT :5 ! ,:ITE ,COLOR DEM&S A CRIME ! LITURGY CALLS ?IS CRIME A NECESSITY ( CIVILIZATION & PROGRESS4 

,IS ,RACE A DANG]\S IDOL8 

,YES1 ESPECIALLY :5 IT IS ALLI$ TO RELIGION4 

,SPEAK ( A FEW CRIMES ( !SE ALLIES8 

,! W>S ( ! ,M$ES1 ! CONQUE/S ( ! ,S>AC5S1 ! ,CRUSADES4 

ADEES1 ! MASSACRES ( ! ,>M5IANS1 ANTI-,SEMITISM4 

,:AT IS ! MO/ DEM&+ & UNIV]SALLY RESPECT$ IDOL TODAY8 

,! ,FA!RL&4 

,SPEAK ( ! P>TICUL> DEM&S ( ! ,FA!RL&4 

,MILIT>Y S]VICE & W>4 

,CAN ! 9DIVIDUALI/ BE A SOLDI] 9 TIME ( PEACE8 

,YES1 AS LONG AS HE ISN'T ASK$ TO COMMIT A CRIME4 

,:AT DOES ! WISE MAN DO 9 TIME ( W>8 

,! WISE MAN NEV] =GETS ! ORD] ( ! TRUE ,GOD1 ( ,REASON3 ,?\ %ALT NOT KILL4 ,& HE PREF]S TO OBEY ,GOD ?AN M54 

,:AT ACTS WILL HIS CONSCI5CE DICTATE TO HIM8 

,! ,UNIV]SAL CONSCI5CE R>ELY ORD]S PRE-DET]M9$ ACTS4 ,IT ALMO/ ALWAYS C>RIES PROHIBITIONS4 ,IT =BIDS KILL+ OR W\ND+ Y\R NEI<BOR &1 ON ! PO9T1 IT SAYS NO?+ MORE4 ,ME?ODS >E 9DIFF]5T & CON/ITUTE P]SONAL OBLIGATIONS4 

,CAN ! WISE MAN REMA9 A SOLDI] 9 TIME ( W>8 

,! WISE MAN CAN REMA9 A SOLDI] 9 TIME ( W> AS LONG AS HE IS C]TA9 NOT TO ALL[ HIMSELF TO BE DRAGG$ 9TO KILL+ OR W\ND+4 

,CAN ! =MAL & OP5 REFUSAL TO OBEY MURD]\S ORD]S BECOME A /RICT DUTY8 

,YES1 IF ! WISE MAN1 BY HIS PA/ OR = O!R REASONS F9DS HIMSELF 9 ONE ( ?OSE SITUATIONS ?AT ATTRACT ATT5TION4 ,YES1 IF HIS ATTITUDE RISKS TO SC&ALIZE OR $IFY IT CAN BR+ O!R M5 T[>DS GOOD OR EVIL4 

,WILL ! WISE MAN FIRE AT ! (FIC] :O GIVES A MURD]\S ORD]8 

,! WISE MAN KILLS NO ONE4 ,HE KN[S ?AT TYRANNICIDE IS A CRIME1 LIKE ANY WILLFUL MURD]4 

,*APT] #g4 ,ON ! ,RELATIONS ,BETWE5 ,MORALITY & ,METAPHYSICS 

,9 H[ MANY WAYS DO WE CONCEIVE ! RELATIONS BETWE5 MORALITY & METAPHYSICS8 

,9 ?REE WAYS3 #a- ,MORALITY IS A CONSEQU5CE ( METAPHYSICS1 A METAPHYSICS 9 ACTION2 #b- ,METAPHYSICS >E A NECESSITY & A PO/ULATE ( MORALITY2 #c- ,MORALITY & METAPHYSICS >E 9DEP5D5T ( EA* O!R4 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( ! DOCTR9E ?AT MAKES MORALITY DEP5D ON METAPHYSICS8 

,?IS DOCTR9E IS DANG]\S4 ,IT =CES ! NECESS>Y TO BE SUPPORT$ BY ! SUP]FLU\S1 ! C]TA9 ON ! UNC]TA91 ! PRACTICAL BY ! DREAM4 ,IT TRANS=MS MORAL LIFE 9TO A SOMNAMBULISM TREMBL+ 9 FE> & HOPE4 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( ! CONCEPT ?AT R5D]S MORALITY & METAPHYSICS 9DEP5D5T ( EA* O!R8 

,IT IS ! ONLY ONE ?AT CAN BE SUPPORT$ FROM A MORAL PO9T ( VIEW4 ,?IS IS ! ONE ?AT %\LD BE HELD TO 9 PRACTICE4 

,!ORETICALLY1 DON'T ! FIR/ TWO CONTA9 A PORTION ( TRU?8 

,MORALLY FALSE1 !Y EXPRESS A PROBABLE METAPHYSICAL OP9ION4 ,!Y SIGNIFY ?AT ALL REALTIES =M A :OLE & ?AT !RE >E CLOSE TIES BETWE5 MAN & ! UNIV]SE4 

,IS 9DIVIDUALISM A METAPHYSIC8 

,9DIVIDUALISM APPE>S TO BE ABLE TO COEXI/ ) ! MO/ DIFF]+ METAPHYSICS4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT ,SOCRATES & ! ,CYNICS HAD A C]TA9 DISDA9 = METAPHYSICS4 ,! ,EPICUREANS W]E MAT]IALI/S4 ,! ,/OICS W]E PAN!I/S4 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( METAPHYSICAL DOCTR9ES 9 G5]AL8 

,AS POEMS & ,I LOVE !M = !IR BEAUTY4 

,:AT CON/ITUTES ! BEAUTY ( METAPHYSICAL POEMS8 

,A METAPHYSIC IS BEAUTIFUL UND] TWO CONDITIONS3 #a- ,IT %\LD BE CONSID]$ AS A POSSIBLE & HYPO!TICAL EXPLANATION1 NOT AS A SY/EM ( C]TA9TIES1 & IT MU/ NOT D5Y NEI<BOR+ POEMS2 #b- ,IT MU/ EXPLA9 EV]Y?+ BY A H>MONI\S R$UCTION TO UNITY4 

,:AT %\LD WE DO 9 ! PRES5CE ( AFFIRMATIVE METAPHYSICS8 

,WE %\LD G5]\SLY /RIP !M ( ! UGL9ESS & HEAV9ESS ( AFFIRMATION 9 ORD] TO CONSID] !M POEMS & SY/EMS ( DREAMS4 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( DUALI/ METAPHYSICS8 

,!Y >E PROVISIONAL EXPLANATIONS1 SEMI-METAPHYSICS4 ,!RE IS NO TRUE METAPHYSIC1 BUT ! ONLY TRUE METAPHYSICS >E ?OSE ?AT >RIVE AT A MONISM4 

,IS 9DIVIDUALISM AN ABSOLUTE MORALITY8 

,9DIVIDUALISM IS NOT A MORALITY4 ,IT IS ONLY ! /RONGE/ MORAL ME?OD WE KN[1 ! MO/ IMPREGNABLE CITADEL ( VIRTUE & HAPP9ESS4 

,IS 9DIVIDUALISM FITT+ = ALL M58 

,!RE >E M5 :O >E 9V9CIBLY REPELL$ BY ! SEEM+ H>%NESS ( 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,!SE %\LD *OOSE ANO!R MORAL ME?OD4 

,H[ CAN ,I KN[ IF 9DIVIDUALISM IS NOT APPROPRIATE TO MY NATURE8 

,IF AFT] A LOYAL ATTEMPT AT 9DIVIDUALISM ,I FEEL MYSELF TO BE UNHAPPY1 IF ,I DON'T FEEL ?AT ,I AM 9 ! TRUE REFUGE1 & IF ,I AM TR\BL$ ) PITY = MYSELF & O!RS ,I %\LD FLEE 9DIVIDUALISM4 

,:Y8 

,BECAUSE ?IS ME?OD1 TOO /RONG = MY WEAKNESS1 WILL LEAD ME TO EGOISM OR DISC\RAGEM5T4 

,BY :AT ME?OD CAN ,I CREATE A MORAL LIFE = MYSELF IF ,I AM TOO WEAK = ! 9DIVIDUALI/ ME?OD8 

,BY ALTRUISM1 BY LOVE1 BY PITY4 

,WILL ?IS ME?OD LEAD ME TO ACTS DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( AN 9DIVIDUALI/8 

,TRULY MORAL BE+S ALL C>RY \T ! SAME ACTS &1 EV5 MORE1 ALL AB/A9 FROM ! SAME ACTS4 ,EV]Y MORAL BE+ RESPECTS ! LIFE ( O!R M52 NO MORAL BE+ OCCUPIES HIMSELF ) E>N+ USELESS WEAL?1 ETC4 

,:AT WILL ! ALTRUI/ SAY :O USELESSLY ATTEMPT$ TO USE ! 9DIVIDUALI/ ME?OD8 

,HE'LL SAY TO HIMSELF3 0,I HAVE ! SAME PA? TO FOLL[4 ,I HAVE DONE NO?+ BUT LEAVE BEH9D AN >MOR TOO HEAVY = ME & ?AT ATTRACT$ VIOL5T BL[S FROM DE/9Y & M54 ,& ,I TOOK UP ! PILGRIM'S /AFF4 ,BUT ,I WILL ALWAYS REMEMB] ?AT ,I HOLD ?IS /AFF TO SUPPORT MYSELF1 & NOT TO /RIKE O!RS40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aid 3 ,M9I-,MANUAL ( ,9DIVIDUALISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#a1 #bb 3 ,M9I-,MANUAL ( ,9DIVIDUALISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,M9I-,MANUAL ( ,9DIVIDUALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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