,CONCLUSION ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 ,TEXT 3 ,PHOTO BY ,PHILIPPE ,LHOTE1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,MUTUAL ,AID3 ,A ,FACTOR ( ,EVOLUTION ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 #aib ,C,O,N,C,L,U,S,I,O,N ,IF WE TAKE N[ ! TEA*+S :I* CAN BE BORR[$ FROM ! ANALYSIS ( MOD]N SOCIETY1 9 CONNECTION ) ! BODY ( EVID5CE RELATIVE TO ! IMPORTANCE ( MUTUAL AID 9 ! EVOLUTION ( ! ANIMAL WORLD & ( MANK9D1 WE MAY SUM UP \R 9QUIRY AS FOLL[S4 ,9 ! ANIMAL WORLD WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( SPECIES LIVE 9 SOCIETIES1 & ?AT !Y F9D 9 ASSOCIATION ! BE/ >MS = ! /RUGGLE = LIFE3 UND]/OOD1 ( C\RSE1 9 ITS WIDE ,D>W9IAN S5SE -- NOT AS A /RUGGLE = ! %E] MEANS ( EXI/5CE1 BUT AS A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL NATURAL CONDITIONS UNFAVORABLE TO ! SPECIES4 ,! ANIMAL SPECIES1 9 :I* 9DIVIDUAL /RUGGLE HAS BE5 R$UC$ TO ITS N>R[E/ LIMITS1 & ! PRACTICE ( MUTUAL AID HAS ATTA9$ ! GREATE/ DEVELOPM5T1 >E 9V>IABLY ! MO/ NUM]\S1 ! MO/ PROSP]\S1 & ! MO/ OP5 TO FUR!R PROGRESS4 ,! MUTUAL PROTECTION :I* IS OBTA9$ 9 ?IS CASE1 ! POSSIBILITY ( ATTA9+ OLD AGE & ( ACCUMULAT+ EXP]I5CE1 ! HI<] 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T1 & ! FUR!R GR[? ( SOCIABLE HABITS1 SECURE ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! SPECIES1 ITS EXT5SION1 & ITS FUR!R PROGRESSIVE EVOLUTION4 ,! UNSOCIABLE SPECIES1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 >E DOOM$ TO DECAY4 ,GO+ NEXT OV] TO MAN1 WE F\ND HIM LIV+ 9 CLANS & TRIBES AT ! V]Y DAWN ( ! /ONE AGE2 WE SAW A WIDE S]IES ( SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS DEVELOP$ ALREADY 9 ! L[] SAVAGE /AGE1 9 ! CLAN & ! TRIBE2 & WE F\ND ?AT ! E>LIE/ TRIBAL CU/OMS & HABITS GAVE TO MANK9D ! EMBRYO ( ALL ! 9/ITUTIONS :I* MADE LAT] ON ! LEAD+ ASPECTS ( FUR!R PROGRESS4 ,\T ( ! SAVAGE TRIBE GREW UP ! B>B>IAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY2 & A NEW1 /ILL WID]1 CIRCLE ( SOCIAL CU/OMS1 HABITS1 & 9/ITUTIONS1 NUMB]S ( :I* >E /ILL ALIVE AMONG \RSELVES1 WAS DEVELOP$ UND] ! PR9CIPLES ( COMMON POSSESSION ( A GIV5 T]RITORY & COMMON DEF5SE ( IT1 UND] ! JURISDICTION ( ! VILLAGE FOLKMOTE1 & 9 ! F$]ATION ( VILLAGES BELONG+1 OR SUPPOS$ TO BELONG1 TO ONE /EM4 ,& :5 NEW REQUIREM5TS 9DUC$ M5 TO MAKE A NEW />T1 !Y MADE IT 9 ! CITY1 :I* REPRES5T$ A D\BLE NETWORK ( T]RITORIAL UNITS 7VILLAGE COMMUNITIES71 CONNECT$ ) GUILDS !SE LATT] >IS+ \T ( ! COMMON PROSECUTION ( A GIV5 >T OR CRAFT1 OR = MUTUAL SUPPORT & DEF5SE4 ,& F9ALLY1 9 ! LA/ TWO *APT]S FACTS W]E PRODUC$ TO %[ ?AT AL?\< ! GR[? ( ! ,/ATE ON ! PATT]N ( ,IMP]IAL ,ROME HAD PUT A VIOL5T 5D TO ALL M$IEVAL 9/ITUTIONS = MUTUAL SUPPORT1 ?IS NEW ASPECT ( CIVILIZATION C\LD NOT LA/4 ,! ,/ATE1 BAS$ UPON LOOSE AGGREGATIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS & UND]TAK+ TO BE !IR ONLY BOND ( UNION1 DID NOT ANSW] ITS PURPOSE4 ,! MUTUAL-AID T5D5CY F9ALLY BROKE D[N ITS IRON RULES2 IT REAPPE>$ & REASS]T$ ITSELF 9 AN 9F9ITY ( ASSOCIATIONS :I* N[ T5D TO EMBRACE ALL ASPECTS ( LIFE & TO TAKE POSSESSION ( ALL ?AT IS REQUIR$ BY MAN = LIFE & = REPRODUC+ ! WA/E OCCASION$ BY LIFE4 ,IT WILL PROBABLY BE REM>K$ ?AT MUTUAL AID1 EV5 ?\< IT MAY REPRES5T ONE ( ! FACTORS ( EVOLUTION1 COV]S NEV]!LESS ONE ASPECT ONLY ( HUMAN RELATIONS2 ?AT BY ! SIDE ( ?IS CURR5T1 P[]FUL ?\< IT MAY BE1 !RE IS1 & ALWAYS HAS BE51 ! O!R CURR5T -- ! SELF-ASS]TION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 NOT ONLY 9 ITS EF=TS TO ATTA9 P]SONAL OR CA/E SUP]IORITY1 ECONOMICAL1 POLITICAL1 & SPIRITUAL1 BUT ALSO 9 ITS MU* MORE IMPORTANT AL?\< LESS EVID5T FUNCTION ( BREAK+ ?R\< ! BONDS1 ALWAYS PRONE TO BECOME CRY/ALLIZ$1 :I* ! TRIBE1 ! VILLAGE COMMUNITY1 ! CITY1 & ! ,/ATE IMPOSE UPON ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 !RE IS ! SELF-ASS]TION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TAK5 AS A PROGRESSIVE ELEM5T4 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT NO REVIEW ( EVOLUTION CAN BE COMPLETE1 UNLESS !SE TWO DOM9ANT CURR5TS >E ANALYZ$4 ,H[EV]1 ! SELF-ASS]TION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL OR ( GR\PS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 !IR /RUGGLES = SUP]IORITY1 & ! CONFLICTS :I* RESULT$ !REFROM1 HAVE ALREADY BE5 ANALYZ$1 DESCRIB$1 & GLORIFI$ FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL4 ,9 FACT1 UP TO ! PRES5T TIME1 ?IS CURR5T ALONE HAS RECEIV$ ATT5TION FROM ! EPICAL POET1 ! ANNALI/1 ! HI/ORIAN1 & ! SOCIOLOGI/4 ,HI/ORY1 SU* AS IT HAS HI!RTO BE5 WRITT51 IS ALMO/ 5TIRELY A DESCRIPTION ( ! WAYS & MEANS BY :I* !OCRACY1 MILIT>Y P[]1 AUTOCRACY1 &1 LAT] ON1 ! RI*] CLASSES' RULE HAVE BE5 PROMOT$1 E/ABLI%$1 & MA9TA9$4 ,! /RUGGLES BETWE5 !SE =CES MAKE1 9 FACT1 ! SUB/ANCE ( HI/ORY4 ,WE MAY ?US TAKE ! KN[L$GE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL FACTOR 9 HUMAN HI/ORY AS GRANT$ -- EV5 ?\< !RE IS FULL ROOM = A NEW /UDY ( ! SUBJECT ON ! L9ES JU/ ALLUD$ TO2 :ILE1 ON ! O!R SIDE1 ! MUTUAL-AID FACTOR HAS BE5 HI!RTO TOTALLY LO/ SIY TO %[1 FIR/ ( ALL1 ! IMM5SE P>T :I* ?IS FACTOR PLAYS 9 ! EVOLUTION ( BO? ! ANIMAL WORLD & HUMAN SOCIETIES4 ,ONLY AFT] ?IS HAS BE5 FULLY RECOGNIZ$ WILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO PROCE$ TO A COMP>ISON BETWE5 ! TWO FACTORS4 ,TO MAKE EV5 A R\< E/IMATE ( !IR RELATIVE IMPORTANCE BY ANY ME?OD MORE OR LESS /ATI/ICAL1 IS EVID5TLY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,ONE S+LE W> -- WE ALL KN[ -- MAY BE PRODUCTIVE ( MORE EVIL1 IMM$IATE & SUBSEQU5T1 ?AN HUNDR$S ( YE>S ( ! UN*ECK$ ACTION ( ! MUTUAL-AID PR9CIPLE MAY BE PRODUCTIVE ( GOOD4 ,BUT :5 WE SEE ?AT 9 ! ANIMAL WORLD1 PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T & MUTUAL AID GO H& 9 H&1 :ILE ! 9N] /RUGGLE )9 ! SPECIES IS CONCOMITANT ) RETROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T2 :5 WE NOTICE ?AT ) MAN1 EV5 SUCCESS 9 /RUGGLE & W> IS PROPORTIONATE TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( MUTUAL AID 9 EA* ( ! TWO CONFLICT+ NATIONS1 CITIES1 P>TIES1 OR TRIBES1 & ?AT 9 ! PROCESS ( EVOLUTION W> ITSELF 7SO F> AS IT CAN GO ?IS WAY7 HAS BE5 MADE SUBS]VI5T TO ! 5DS ( PROGRESS 9 MUTUAL AID )9 ! NATION1 ! CITY OR ! CLAN -- WE ALREADY OBTA9 A P]CEPTION ( ! DOM9AT+ 9FLU5CE ( ! MUTUAL-AID FACTOR AS AN ELEM5T ( PROGRESS4 ,BUT WE SEE ALSO ?AT ! PRACTICE ( MUTUAL AID & ITS SUCCESSIVE DEVELOPM5TS HAVE CREAT$ ! V]Y CONDITIONS ( SOCIETY LIFE 9 :I* MAN WAS 5ABL$ TO DEVELOP HIS >TS1 KN[L$GE1 & 9TELLIG5CE2 & ?AT ! P]IODS :5 9/ITUTIONS BAS$ ON ! MUTUAL-AID T5D5CY TOOK !IR GREATE/ DEVELOPM5T W]E ALSO ! P]IODS ( ! GREATE/ PROGRESS 9 >TS1 9DU/RY1 & SCI5CE4 ,9 FACT1 ! /UDY ( ! 9N] LIFE ( ! M$IEVAL CITY & ( ! ANCI5T ,GREEK CITIES REVEALS ! FACT ?AT ! COMB9ATION ( MUTUAL AID1 AS IT WAS PRACTIC$ )9 ! GUILD & ! ,GREEK CLAN1 ) A L>GE 9ITIATIVE :I* WAS LEFT TO ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! GR\P BY MEANS ( ! F$]ATIVE PR9CIPLE1 GAVE TO MANK9D ! TWO GREATE/ P]IODS ( ITS HI/ORY -- ! ANCI5T ,GREEK CITY & ! M$IEVAL CITY P]IODS2 :ILE ! RU9 ( ! ABOVE 9/ITUTIONS DUR+ ! ,/ATE P]IODS ( HI/ORY1 :I* FOLL[$1 CORRESPOND$ 9 BO? CASES TO A RAPID DECAY4 ,AS TO ! SUDD5 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS :I* HAS BE5 A*IEV$ DUR+ \R [N C5TURY1 & :I* IS USUALLY ASCRIB$ TO ! TRIUMPH ( 9DIVIDUALISM & COMPETITION1 IT C]TA9LY HAS A MU* DEEP] ORIG9 ?AN ?AT4 ,ONCE ! GREAT DISCOV]IES ( ! FIFTE5? C5TURY W]E MADE1 ESPECIALLY ?AT ( ! PRESSURE ( ! ATMOSPH]E1 SUPPORT$ BY A S]IES ( ADVANCES 9 NATURAL PHILOSOPHY -- & !Y W]E MADE UND] ! M$IEVAL CITY ORGANIZATION1 -- ONCE !SE DISCOV]IES W]E MADE1 ! 9V5TION ( ! /EAM-MOTOR1 & ALL ! REVOLUTION :I* ! CONQUE/ ( A NEW P[] IMPLI$1 HAD NECESS>ILY TO FOLL[4 ,IF ! M$IEVAL CITIES HAD LIV$ TO BR+ !IR DISCOV]IES TO ?AT PO9T1 ! E?ICAL CONSEQU5CES ( ! REVOLUTION EFFECT$ BY /EAM MIT ( ! EID ! APPE>ANCE ( ! /EAM-5G9E AS WELL AS ! CONSEQU5T REVOLUTION 9 >TS4 ,:5 WE CONSID] ! A/\ND+ RAPIDITY ( 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS FROM ! TWELF? TO ! FIFTE5? C5TURIES -- 9 WEAV+1 WORK+ ( METALS1 >*ITECTURE & NAVIGATION1 & POND] OV] ! SCI5TIFIC DISCOV]IES :I* ?AT 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS L$ TO AT ! 5D ( ! FIFTE5? C5TURY -- WE MU/ ASK \RSELVES :E!R MANK9D WAS NOT DELAY$ 9 ITS TAK+ FULL ADVANTAGE ( !SE CONQUE/S :5 A G5]AL DEPRESSION ( >TS & 9DU/RIES TOOK PLACE 9 ,EUROPE AFT] ! DECAY ( M$IEVAL CIVILIZATION4 ,SURELY IT WAS NOT ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! >TI/->TISAN1 NOR ! RU9 ( L>GE CITIES & ! EXT9CTION ( 9T]C\RSE BETWE5 !M1 :I* C\LD FAVOR ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION2 & WE KN[ 9DE$ ?AT ,JAMES ,WATT SP5T TW5TY OR MORE YE>S ( HIS LIFE 9 ORD] TO R5D] HIS 9V5TION S]VICEABLE1 BECAUSE HE C\LD NOT F9D 9 ! LA/ C5TURY :AT HE W\LD HAVE READILY F\ND 9 M$IEVAL ,FLOR5CE OR ,BRUGGE1 ?AT IS1 ! >TISANS CAPABLE ( REALIZ+ HIS DEVICES 9 METAL1 & ( GIV+ !M ! >TI/IC F9I% & PRECISION :I* ! /EAM-5G9E REQUIRES4 ,TO ATTRIBUTE1 !RE=E1 ! 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS ( \R C5TURY TO ! W> ( EA* AGA9/ ALL :I* IT HAS PROCLAIM$1 IS TO REASON LIKE ! MAN :O1 KN[+ NOT ! CAUSES ( RA91 ATTRIBUTES IT TO ! VICTIM HE HAS IMMOLAT$ BE=E HIS CLAY IDOL4 ,= 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS1 AS = EA* O!R CONQUE/ OV] NATURE1 MUTUAL AID & CLOSE 9T]C\RSE C]TA9LY >E1 AS !Y HAVE BE51 MU* MORE ADVANTAGE\S ?AN MUTUAL /RUGGLE4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS ESPECIALLY 9 ! DOMA9 ( E?ICS ?AT ! DOM9AT+ IMPORTANCE ( ! MUTUAL-AID PR9CIPLE APPE>S 9 FULL4 ,?AT MUTUAL AID IS ! REAL F\NDATION ( \R E?ICAL CONCEPTIONS SEEMS EVID5T 5\<4 ,BUT :ATEV] ! OP9IONS AS TO ! FIR/ ORIG9 ( ! MUTUAL-AID FEEL+ OR 9/9CT MAY BE :E!R A BIOLOGICAL OR A SUP]NATURAL CAUSE IS ASCRIB$ TO IT -- WE MU/ TRACE ITS EXI/5CE AS F> BACK AS TO ! L[E/ /AGES ( ! ANIMAL WORLD2 & FROM !SE /AGES WE CAN FOLL[ ITS UN9T]RUPT$ EVOLUTION1 9 OPPOSITION TO A NUMB] ( CONTR>Y AG5CIES1 ?R\< ALL DEGREES ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T1 UP TO ! PRES5T TIMES4 ,EV5 ! NEW RELIGIONS :I* W]E BORN FROM TIME TO TIME -- ALWAYS AT EPO*S :5 ! MUTUAL-AID PR9CIPLE WAS FALL+ 9TO DECAY 9 ! !OCRACIES & DESPOTIC ,/ATES ( ! ,EA/1 OR AT ! DECL9E ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE -- EV5 ! NEW RELIGIONS HAVE ONLY REAFFIRM$ ?AT SAME PR9CIPLE4 ,!Y F\ND !IR FIR/ SUPPORT]S AMONG ! HUMBLE1 9 ! L[E/1 D[NTRODD5 LAY]S ( SOCIETY1 :]E ! MUTUAL-AID PR9CIPLE IS ! NECESS>Y F\NDATION ( EV]YDAY LIFE2 & ! NEW =MS ( UNION :I* W]E 9TRODUC$ 9 ! E>LIE/ ,BUDDHI/ & ,*RI/IAN COMMUNITIES1 9 ! ,MORAVIAN BRO!RHOODS & SO ON1 TOOK ! *>ACT] ( A RETURN TO ! BE/ ASPECTS ( MUTUAL AID 9 E>LY TRIBAL LIFE4 ,EA* TIME1 H[EV]1 ?AT AN ATTEMPT TO RETURN TO ?IS OLD PR9CIPLE WAS MADE1 ITS FUNDAM5TAL IDEA ITSELF WAS WID5$4 ,FROM ! CLAN IT WAS EXT5D$ TO ! /EM1 TO ! F$]ATION ( /EMS1 TO ! NATION1 & F9ALLY -- 9 IDEAL1 AT LEA/ -- TO ! :OLE ( MANK9D4 ,IT WAS ALSO REF9$ AT ! SAME TIME4 ,9 PRIMITIVE ,BUDDHISM1 9 PRIMITIVE ,*RI/IANITY1 9 ! WRIT+S ( SOME ( ! ,MUSSULMAN TEA*]S1 9 ! E>LY MOVEM5TS ( ! ,RE=M1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ! E?ICAL & PHILOSOPHICAL MOVEM5TS ( ! LA/ C5TURY & ( \R [N TIMES1 ! TOTAL AB&ONM5T ( ! IDEA ( REV5GE1 OR ( 0DUE REW>D0 -- ( GOOD = GOOD & EVIL = EVIL -- IS AFFIRM$ MORE & MORE VIGOR\SLY4 ,! HI<] CONCEPTION ( 0NO REV5GE = WRONGS10 & ( FREELY GIV+ MORE ?AN ONE EXPECTS TO RECEIVE FROM HIS NEILIE/ BEG9N+S ( EVOLUTION1 WE ?US F9D ! POSITIVE & UND\BT$ ORIG9 ( \R E?ICAL CONCEPTIONS2 & WE CAN AFFIRM ?AT 9 ! E?ICAL PROGRESS ( MAN1 MUTUAL SUPPORT NOT MUTUAL /RUGGLE -- HAS HAD ! LEAD+ P>T4 ,9 ITS WIDE EXT5SION1 EV5 AT ! PRES5T TIME1 WE ALSO SEE ! BE/ GU>ANTEE ( A /ILL L(TI] EVOLUTION ( \R RACE4 ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bag 3 ,CONCLUSION -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #a#a1 #bbb 3 ,CONCLUSION -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/