,MUTUAL ,UTILIZATION3 ,RELATION%IP & ,REVOLT 9 ,MAX ,/IRN] ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MASSIMO ,PASSAMANI ,TEXT 3 ,9 ! PANORAMA ( /UDIES ( ,/IRN] !RE >E MANY SIL5CES -- SIL5CES ?AT1 AS (T5 HAPP5S1 COMMUNICATE MORE ?AN WORDS4 ,ONE SU* SIL5CE SURR\NDS ,/IRN]'S REFLECTIONS ON ! !ME ( 9T]P]SONAL RELATION%IPS1 REFLECTIONS ?AT =M A G5U9E !ORY ( LIFE TOGE!R4 ,AS IS KN[N1 HIS CONSID]ATIONS ON RELATION%IPS >E CONTA9$ 9 ?AT SECTION ( ,! ,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,PROP]TY 5TITL$ 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE40 ,/IRN] ATTRIBUT$ GREAT IMPORTANCE TO ! DESCRIPTION ( ! RELATIONS ?AT ! ,UNIQUE MA9TA9S ) O!RS1 AS ! VA/ AM\NT ( SPACE HE D$ICATES TO ! TOPIC %[S 7IT IS 9 FACT ! L>GE/ SECTION 9 ! BOOK74 ,NONE!LESS1 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE0 HAS BE5 & IS P]HAPS ! LEA/ EXPLOR$ P>T ( ,/IRN]'S WORK4 ,9 ANY CASE1 IT IS ! LEA/ UND]/OOD2 A MISUND]/&+ ?AT ,/IRN] HIMSELF ALREADY EMPHASIZ$ 9 ! RESPONSE TO ! CRITIQUES ?AT ,SZELIGA1 ,FEU]BA* & ,HESS HAD MADE ( ,! ,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,PROP]TY4 .<#a.> ,9 MY OP9ION1 A DEEP EXAM9ATION ( ! QUE/ION ( RELATION%IPS 9 ,/IRN] MEANS NOT ONLY /UDY+ :AT MAY BE ! MO/ IMPORTANT P>T ( HIS ?\*I/ PO9T ( VIEW 7A PO9T ( VIEW ?AT OBVI\SLY DOESN'T EXHAU/ !IR COMPLEXITY74 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE0 CONTA9S HIS DESCRIPTION ( PROP]TY 7?US ! CRITIQUES ( ! /ATE1 ( ,PR\DHON & ( ! COMMUNI/S71 ASSOCIATIVE PROPOSAL ( ! UNION .<#b.> ( EGOI/S 7?US ! JUDGM5T ( ! P>TY1 SOCIETY &1 MORE G5]ALLY1 HI]>*ICAL ORD]71 & ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 REBELLION & REVOLUTION 7?US ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 DEMOLITION & ! RE=MATION ( :AT EXI/S74 ,= ! SAME SORT ( REASONS1 IT W\LD BE USEFUL TO SP5D SOME TIME ON SOME ( ! MORE IMPORTANT & RECURR5T CRITICISMS ( ,/IRN]'S CONCEPTION ( RELATION%IPS4 ,9 FACT1 ?\< ,/IRN]'S ?\5ESS IS CLE> ?AT AN EXTREME DEF5SE ( 9DIVIDUALITY ITSELF1 BE=E BE+ A WAY ( LIFE1 IS WAY ( UND]/&+4 ,:5 ,/IRN]1 DRAW+ (F ,PROTAGORAS' MOTTO1 MA9TA9S ?AT 0! 9DIVIDUAL IS ! MEASURE ( ALL ?+S10 HE MEANS PRECISELY ?AT4 ,ONE CANNOT UND]/& HIS WAY ( ?9K+ AB\T RELATION%IPS BETWE5 ,UNIQUES1 IF ONE DOESN'T FIR/ UND]/& HIS WAY ( CONCEIV+ ! WORLD ( ! ,UNIQUE4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 ONE CANNOT UND]/& ! COM+ TOGE!R ( 9DIVIDUAL [N]S -- ! UNION ( EGOI/S -- IF ONE DOESN'T FIR/ UND]/& :AT ,/IRN] MEANS BY 9DIVIDUAL [N]4 0,EV]YONE IS ! C5T] ( HIS [N WORLD4 ,WORLD IS ONLY :AT HE HIMSELF IS NOT1 BUT :AT BELONGS TO HIM1 IS 9 A RELATION%IP ) HIM1 EXI/S = HIM4 0,EV]Y?+ TURNS >\ND Y\2 Y\ >E ! C5T] ( ! \T] WORLD & ( ! ?\ AS Y\R CAPACITY1 & :AT Y\ GRASP IS Y\R [N SIMPLY BECAUSE Y\ GRASP IT4 ,Y\1 ! ,UNIQUE1 >E '! ,UNIQUE' ONLY TOGE!R ) 'Y\R PROP]TY4'0 .<#c.> ,9 MY OP9ION1 ?IS PASSAGE SUMM>IZES ,! ,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,PROP]TY AS A :OLE4 ,/IRN]'S WAY ( UND]/&+ RELATION%IPS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS1 MEAN+ MUTUAL UTILIZATION1 IS ONLY ITS LOGICAL & NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE4 ,AFFIRM+ ?AT EV]YONE IS ! C5T] ( HIS [N WORLD MEANS D5Y+ ANY SORT ( AU?ORITY & HI]>*Y1 9S(> AS !Y CLAIM TO IMPOSE !IR C5TRALITY1 & IMPOS+ A P]SPECTIVE DIFF]5T & OPPOS$ TO ?AT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 DESPOIL HIM ( HIS PROP]TY4 ,EMPHASIZ+ ! UNIV]SALITY ( UNIQU5ESS 79 ! S5SE ?AT EV]YONE IS UNIQUE71 ,/IRN] DOES NOT SET HIMSELF AS ! C5T]1 BUT AS A C5T]4 ,?US1 UNIQU5ESS IS CLOSELY CONNECT$ TO MUTUALITY4 ,:5 ,/IRN] SPEAKS ( A WORLD1 HE MEANS ! COLLECTION ( RELATION%IPS ?AT ! ,UNIQUE MA9TA9S ) ?OSE O!R ?AN HIMSELF1 BE !Y ?+S OR P]SONS4 ,! C5TRALITY ) RESPECT TO ! WORLD IS !RE=E C5TRALITY ) RESPECT TO HIS RELATION%IPS1 & !SE LATT] BE+ ! 0MUTUALITY1 ACTION1 COMM]CIUM AMONG 9DIVIDUALS10 .<#d.> WE SEE ONCE AGA9 H[ C5TRALITY & MUTUALITY PRESUPPOSE EA* O!R4 ,IF EV]YONE IS 0UNIQUE0 ONLY TOGE!R ) HIS 0PROP]TY10 !N EV]YONE IS 0UNIQUE0 ONLY TOGE!R ) HIS RELATION%IPS 7) HIS WORLD74 ,! T]M UNIQU5ESS !RE=E EXCLUDES ABSOLUT5ESS1 9 ?AT ABSOLUTE -- AB-SOLUTUM -- MEANS PRECISELY ! LACK ( RELATION%IPS1 ( CONNECTIONS4 ,?US ! CRITIQUE MADE AGA9/ ,/IRN] ?AT HE TRANS=M$ ! ,I ( ,FI*TE 9TO AN EQUALLY ABSOLUTE 9DIVIDUAL COLLAPSES4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,FI*TEAN ,I1 LIKE ,FEU]BA*'S HUMAN BE+1 IS AN ESS5CE \TSIDE ( ! P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL1 NOT ! FLE% & BLOOD 9DIVIDUAL1 0TRANSI5T & MORTAL40 ,IT IS A TRANSC5D5T BE+ ?AT PRESUPPOSES P]FECT COMMUNITY AMONG HUMAN BE+S1 :]EAS ,/IRN] SPEAKS ( A ,UNIQUE :OSE COMMUNITY ) O!RS IS ONLY ?9KABLE1 NOT REAL4 ,9 REALITY1 WE1 AS ,UNIQUES1 >E IRR$UCIBLY DIFF]5T4 ,WE COME TO BE EQUAL ONLY IF WE POSE A 0?IRD10 EXT]NAL & TRANSC5D5T -- LIKE ,HUMANITY1 ,GOD OR ! ,/ATE -- ?AT M$IATES RELATION%IPS BETWE5 US4 ,& HI]>*Y CONSI/S PRECISELY ( ?IS 0?IRD02 ,I NO LONG] VALUE ! O!R = :AT MY RELATION%IP ) HIM IS1 MEAN+ :AT HE IS = ME1 BUT RA!R 9 RELATION TO AN 5TITY ?AT CONTA9S US & L9KS US TOGE!R4 .<#e.> ,IF EV]YONE1 AS UNIQUE1 IS EXCLUSIVE & EXCLUSIVI/1 HIS EXI/5CE CANNOT 9CL9E T[>D COMMUNITY1 BUT RA!R T[>D ONE-SID$NESS4 ,NO LONG] HAV+ ANY?+ ?AT UNITES US1 WE NO LONG] HAVE ANY?+ ?AT SEP>ATES US OR MAKES US 5EMIES4 ,9 FACT1 0! OPPOSITION DISAPPE>S 9 COMPLETE -- SEP>AT5ESS OR UNIQU5ESS40 .<#f.> ,IT IS PRECISELY ! AW>5ESS ( \R ONE-SID$NESS 7( HAV+ \R [N P]SPECTIVE7 ?AT ALL[S US TO RISE UP AGA9/ HI]>*Y1 AGA9/ ! ORD] ( DEP5D5CE ON :I* EV]Y /ATE IS BAS$1 & TO LAY ! F\NDATIONS = A NEW ASSOCIATIVE =M -- ! UNION -- BAS$ ON RADICALLY DIFF]5T PRESUPPOSITIONS4 0,LET'S NOT SEEK ! MO/ COMPREH5SIVE COMMUNITY1 'HUMAN SOCIETY1' BUT LET'S SEEK 9 O!RS ONLY MEANS & ORGANS ?AT WE USE AS \R PROP]TY60 .<#g.> ,9 ! 0R$UCTION0 ( ! O!R TO MEANS1 SOME HAVE WANT$ TO SEE A DEF5SE ( EXPLOITATION .<#h.>1 ! NEGATION ( EV]Y =M ( NON-CONFLICTUAL RELATION%IP1 ! LEGITIMATION ( A W> ?AT OP5S ! WAY TO 0COLLECTIVE SUICIDE40 .<#i.> ,IF ONE 9/EAD 9S]TS IT 9TO ,/IRN]'S CONCEPTION ( ! WORLD1 ONE REALIZES ?AT IT IS ! ONLY =M ( RELATION%IP ?AT DOESN'T D5Y ! C5TRALITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ?AT IS BAS$ ON REAL MUTUALITY4 ,! TYPICAL =M ( RELIGI\S ALI5ATION CONSI/S 9 ATTRIBUT+ VALUE TO A P]SON OR A ?+ 9 ! ABSOLUTE S5SE1 MEAN+ 9DEP5D5TLY ( \R RELATION%IP TO IT4 ,! BELIEF 9 A BE+ ?AT HAS VALUE 9 ITSELF & = ITSELF1 ?US1 WOR?Y ( \R 05?USIASM10 ABSOLUTELY 9T]E/+ 7I4E41 AN 9T]E/+ OBJECT )\T & 9T]E/$ SUBJECT71 PRESUPPOSES ! IDEOLOGICAL 0FIX$ IDEA0 ( A HI]>*ICAL ORD]4 ,9 FACT1 ,I CAN CONSID] A P]SON ABSOLUTELY DES]V+ ( LOVE1 RESPECT1 ETC41 ONLY IF ,I DON'T CONSID] H] = H]SELF1 BUT PLACE H] 9 RELATION 7& ?US SUBORD9ATE H]7 TO A HI<] BE+ -- LET'S SAY ,GOD1 ! /ATE1 OR SOCIETY -- & CONSID] AS 0P>T0 ( IT4 ,!NCE1 IT IS NOT ! P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL 9 ITS UNREPEATABLE UNIQU5ESS ) :OM ,I 5T] 9TO RELATION%IP1 BUT RA!R ! *RI/IAN1 ! CITIZ51 ! MEMB] ( SOCIETY4 ,CONTR>ILY1 SEEK+ ! VALUE ( EV]Y ?+ & EV]Y P]SON )9 & NOT \TSIDE MYSELF1 ,I AFFIRM MY C5TRALITY 9 RELATION TO ! WORLD1 TO MY WORLD4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 0,IF ,I *]I% & C>E = Y\1 BECAUSE ,I LOVE Y\1 BECAUSE MY HE>T F9DS N\RI%M5T 9 Y\ & MY DESIRE F9DS SATISFACTION 9 Y\1 ?IS IS NOT = ! SAKE ( SOME HI<] BE+1444 BUT \T ( EGOI/IC PLEASURE3 Y\ Y\RSELF ) Y\R [N BE+ HAVE VALUE TO ME1 BECAUSE Y\R ESS5CE IS NOT A HI<] BE+1 IS NOT HI<] OR MORE G5]AL ?AN Y\1 IS UNIQUE AS Y\ Y\RSELF1 BECAUSE Y\ >E IT40 .<#a.> ,! AW>5ESS ( ONE'S EGOISM1 ?US ( ONE'S USE ( ! O!R1 COMES TO BE ! ONLY WAY ( RECOGNIZ+ & APPRECIAT+ HIS VALUE1 ?OSE PROP]TIES ( HIS ?AT1 EV5 ?\< !Y DON'T EXHAU/ HIS UNIQU5ESS1 COMMUNICATE SOME?+ -- H[EV] NON-ESS5TIAL -- AB\T HIM TO ME4 ,& BE+1 AS ,I SAID1 MUTUAL USE1 EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 EA* ,UNIQUE1 IS ! BEG9N+ & 5D ( HIS RELATIONAL ACTIVITY4 ,PRECISELY BECAUSE1 EV5 FROM A BIOLOGICAL PO9T ( VIEW1 ,I CANNOT TAKE AS A REF]5CE ANY?+ DIFF]5T FROM MYSELF2 :AT IS O!R ?AN ME1 ,I CAN ONLY ?9K ( 7& = ,/IRN]1 ?\ITY ( ! BODILY & MOM5T>Y ,I7 AS SUBJECT1 BUT 9 ! V]Y MOM5T ?AT IT CROSSES MY PA?1 IT EXI/S = ME1 & ALL ?AT ,I SEEM TO [E TO IT1 ,I [E ONLY TO MYSELF4 ,SAY+ !RE=E ?AT 0,= ME Y\ >E NO?+ BUT MY FOOD1 EV5 AS ,I TOO AM F$ UPON & CONSUM$ BY Y\10 .<#a#a.> IS NOT ! EXPRESSION ( A P>ANOIAC DESIRE TO CRU% 7A RELATION%IP BETWE5 0RUM9ANTS0 AS ,KUNO ,FIS*] DESCRIB$ IT71 BUT RA!R A CALM AFFIRMATION ( \R C5TRALITY & \R ONE-SID$NESS4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE H[ ,/IRN]1 :5 HE /ATES ?AT 0WE HAVE HAVE A S+LE RELATION%IP ) ONE ANO!R1 ?AT ( USABILITY1 UTILITY1 USE10 HE EMPHASIZES AGA9 & AGA9 ! MUTUALITY 9H]5T 9 SU* RELATION%IPS 7AS OPPOS$ TO ! HI]>*ICAL RELATION%IP ?AT1 POS+ ABSOLUTE VALUES1 NEGATES IT74 ,IF ,I CONSID] ! O!R AS 0AN OBJECT = :I* ,I MAY FEEL SOME?+ OR ALSO NO?+1 A USABLE OR NON-USABLE SUBJECT10 ) :I* TO GET ON & REA* AN AGREEM5T 0SO AS TO 9CREASE MY P[] ?R\< ?IS ALLIANCE & BE ABLE TO SUCCE$1 BY UNIT+ \R =CES1 :]E ONE ALONE W\LD FAIL10 ,I REALIZE ?AT IT IS NOT ONLY A MATT] ( A MUTUAL UTILIZATION1 BUT ALSO ( A UTILIZABLE MUTUALITY4 .<#a#b.> ,! DELIB]ATE /RESS ?AT ,/IRN] PLACES ON ! USABILITY ( ! RELATION%IPS ?AT ! ,UNIQUE MA9TA9S ) ! O!R ONLY AIMS TO EMPHASIZE H[ 9 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 9DIVIDUAL [N]S !RE IS A MUTUAL 9T]E/ 9 ! P]SON & NOT1 AS MORALITY & RELIGION CLAIM1 A MUTUAL R5UNCIATION4 ,REAL LOVE1 AS OPPOS$ TO IDEALIZ$ LOVE1 IS A SELF-9T]E/$ EMOTION & NOT AN ACT ( SELF-D5IAL4 ,9 FACT1 0WE WANT TO LOVE BECAUSE WE FEEL LOVE1 BECAUSE LOVE IS PLEASANT TO \R HE>T & \R S5SES1 & 9 LOVE = ! O!R P]SON WE FEEL A HI<] 5JOYM5T ( \RSELVES40 .<#a#c.> ,IT IS ! SAME LOVE = ! O!R ?AT LEADS ME TO 0JOYFULLY SACRIFICE = HIM 9NUM]ABLE PLEASURES ( M9E10 TO 0GIVE UP 9NUM]ABLE ?+S TO SEE HIS SMILE BLOSSOM AGA910 & TO 0PUT AT RISK = HIM ! ?+ ?AT1 IF HE W]E NOT !RE1 W\LD BE ! DE>E/ ?+ 9 ! WORLD TO ME3 MY LIFE OR MY WELL-BE+ OR MY FRE$OM4 ,OR RA!R MY PLEASURE & MY HAPP9ESS CONSI/ PRECISELY 9 ! 5JOYM5T ( HIS HAPP9ESS & PLEASURE40 0,BUT10 ,/IRN] EMPHASIZES1 0!RE IS SOME?+ ?AT ,I DON'T SACRIFICE TO HIM3 MYSELF2 ,I REMA9 AN EGOI/ & 5JOY HIM40 .<#a#d.> ,! *>GE ,/IRN] MAKES AGA9/ ALL ?OSE IMPROV]S ( HUMANITY -- LIKE ,B>ON VON ,/E9 .<#a#e.> -- :O PREA* ! PR9CIPLE ( LOVE IS SIGNIFICANT3 0,Y\ LOVE HUMAN BE+S1 SO Y\ TORM5T ! 9DIVIDUAL HUMAN BE+1 ! EGOI/3 Y\R LOVE ( HUMANITY IS CRUELTY TO HUMAN BE+S40 .<#a#f.> ,IF 0EV]Y RELIGION IS A CULT ( SOCIETY1 ?IS PR9CIPLE1 BY :I* ! SOCIAL 7CIVILIZ$7 HUMAN BE+ IS DOM9AT$10 .<#a#g.> ! AW>5ESS ( EGOISM & ! REFUSAL ( SELF-R5UNCIATION CAN ONLY LEAD ,/IRN] TO ELUCIDATE A NEW =M ( ASSOCIATIVE RELATION1 ! UNION ( EGOI/S4 ,ONCE ! /ATE & SOCIETY >E NEGAT$ AS HI/ORICAL =MS ( M$IAT$ LIFE TOGE!R ?AT TRANSC5D ! 9DIVIDUAL & >E !RE=E ALI5AT$1 ASSOCIATIVE RELATION%IPS HAVE TO HAVE COMPLETELY DIFF]5T *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,! MA9 ELEM5T IS ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL ASSOCIATES = H] [N 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S & NOT = A HI]>*ICAL & EXTORTIONI/ 0COMMON GOOD40 ,= ,/IRN]1 SOCIETY IS ONLY AN ADDITIONAL PRODUCT ( 9DIVIDUALS :OSE 9T]E/S >E UNIQUE4 ,?9K+ ( SOCIETY -- AS ,PR\DHON HIMSELF DOES -- AS A COLLECTIVE SUBJECT1 AS AN 0E?ICAL P]SON10 MEANS CONDEMN+ ! P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL1 9 ! NAME ( A RELIGI\S G5]AL 9T]E/1 TO ONE ( ! WOR/ =MS ( DESPOTISM4 .<#a#h.> ,! ,UNIQUE DOESN'T WANT TO BE MADE ! OBJECT ( COLLECTIVE 5DS1 BECOM+ A TOOL ( SOCIETY1 BUT RA!R CONSID]S SOCIETY AS ONE ( HIS MEANS4 ,AS ,B4 ,R4 ,TUCK] RI NOR -- ,I W\LD ADD -- CAN IT IMPOSE DUTIES4 ,BUT S9CE1 = ,/IRN]1 E/ABLI%$ SOCIETY CANNOT BLOCK ! 9DIVIDUAL FROM MAK+ VALUE ( H]SELF1 NOR CAN ! FUTURE SOCIETIES PROMIS$ BY SOCIALI/S & COMMUNI/S EXPROPRIATE HIM ( HIS PROP]TY1 ! SEP>ATION FROM ! SOCIAL ORD] MU/ BE SO COMPLETE & DECISIVE AS TO 0BR+ AB\T ! 5D ( SEP>ATION ITSELF0 & BE OV]TURN$ 9 F$]ATION1 .<#b.> 9 UNION4 ,9 FACT1 0AS ! ,UNIQUE1 Y\ CAN ASS]T Y\RSELF ONLY 9 ! UNION1 BECAUSE ! UNION DOESN'T POSSESS Y\1 BUT RA!R Y\ POSSESS IT OR MAKE USE ( IT40 ,PROP]TY ONLY GETS RECOGNIZ$ 9 IT1 BECAUSE ,I NO LONG] HOLD :AT IS MY [N AS A FIEF FROM ANY BE+1 .<#b#a.> BUT ,I MYSELF AM TO BE ITS S\RCE & ITS SELF-GU>ANTEE4 ,PRIVATE 0PROP]TY10 ON ! O!R H&1 IS ONLY A /ATE CONCESSION1 A FIEF ?AT TRANS=MS ! 9DIVIDUAL 0[N]0 9TO A VASSAL2 IT IS ! POLITICAL =M ( PAUP]ISM & VASSALAGE4 ,ONLY ONCE ! 0W> ( ALL AGA9/ ALL0 -- :I* ISN'T A =M ( EXP&$ DOM9ATION1 BUT ! CALM ACCEPTANCE ( ! CONFLICT ( 9T]E/S -- IS DECL>$1 ! UNION WILL BE ABLE TO BE BORN AS ! 0MULTIPLI]0 ( 9DIVIDUAL P[]S1 AS A TOOL1 AS A 0SWORD0 = 9CREAS+ ONE'S CAPACITIES & ?US1 S9CE EV]YONE IS UNIQUE ONLY TOGE!R ) HIS PROP]TY1 & ?US RE9=CE ! FEEL+ ( UNIQU5ESS4 ,! *OICE ( ASSOCIATION MU/ BE VOLUNT>Y1 JU/ AS ! BREAK+ ( ! ASSOCIATIVE AGREEM5T MU/ BE FREE & VOLUNT>Y4 ,BY ASSOCIAT+1 ! P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL DOESN'T R5\NCE HIS [N 9DIVIDUALITY1 AS OCCURS 9 SOCIETY1 BUT ON ! CONTR>Y1 AFFIRMS IT 9 ALL ITS FULLNESS4 ,:5 AN 9DIVIDUAL NE$S TO UNITE ) O!RS TO A*IEVE A SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 7A NE$ ?AT IS NOT AT ALL CONTRADICTORY1 OR BETT]1 P>ADOXICAL ) REG>DS TO ONE'S BE+ UNIQUE71 :AT MAY APPE> TO BE A SACRIFICE -- AS A LIMITATION ( HIS FRE$OM W\LD APPE> -- IS ONLY A DEPLOYM5T ( HIS P[]S4 ,9 FACT1 NOT BE+ ABLE TO MEET ALL ( H] NE$S BY H]SELF1 BY ASSOCIAT+ HE ONLY SACRIFICES :AT HE DOES NOT POSSESS1 I4E41 %E 0DOESN'T SACRIFICE A GODDAMN ?+40 ,TO PUT IT ANO!R WAY3 NOT HAV+ ! FRE$OM 0TO DO IT BY HIMSELF10 IT'S NOT POSSIBLE TO MA9TA9 ?AT HE SACRIFICES IT BY UNIT+ 7& OBVI\SLY COM+ TO AN AGREEM5T7 ) O!RS4 ,9 EA* 9/ANCE1 IF ONE WANTS TO SPEAK ( LIMITATIONS AS SU*1 :AT IS R$UC$ 9 ! UNION IS FRE$OM 7BUT IT'S A CASE ( MUTUAL RE/RICTIONS NOT DET]M9$ BY AU?ORITY & ! SACR$ AS HAPP5S 9 ! /ATE & ! *UR*71 NOT ONE'S 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,= ,/IRN]1 0! IDEAL ( 'ABSOLUTE FRE$OM' EXPRESSES ! ABSURDITY ( EV]Y ABSOLUTE40 ,ONLY ONE :O ?9KS -- RELIGI\SLY -- ( FRE$OM AS AN ABSOLUTE C\LD FAIL TO P]CEIVE ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 A =M ( RELATION%IP ?AT GU>ANTEES TO EV]YONE ! EXPRESSION ( !IR EXCLUSIVITY 7& DOESN'T LIMIT !IR FRE$OM EXCEPT ) ?OSE RULES ?AT >E 9H]5T TO ! RELATION%IP ITSELF7 .<#b#b.> & A COMMUNIT>IAN ORD] :I* -- AS SOME?+ SACR$ -- IS BAS$ ON SUBJECTION & ! LACK ( 9DIVIDUAL SELF-VALORIZATION4 ,S9CE ! UNION1 UNLIKE SOCIETY1 ! /ATE OR ! *UR* HAS NO EXI/5CE AUTONOM\S FROM ! P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUALS :O COMPOSE IT1 ITS DURATION IS DET]M9$ BY ! 9T]E/S ( ! 0P>TICIPANTS40 ,IT IS !RE=E A 0UNCEAS+ COM+-BACK-TOGE!R0 AS OPPOS$ TO ! 0ALREADY-BE+-TOGE!R0 TYPICAL ( 7& F\NDATIONAL TO7 EV]Y HI]>*ICAL RELATION%IP4 ,A 0TAK+-P>T0 9 A GAME TO :I* ONE CONTRIBUTES TO E/ABLI%+ ! RULES1 AS OPPOS$ TO A 0BE+-P>T0 ( A SOCIAL ORD] ?AT PRES5TS ITSELF AS AU?ORITY & IMPOSES ITS LAWS4 ,! UNION IS NOT ONLY AN ALT]NATIVE TO SOCIETY1 BUT ALSO A TOOL = RIS+ UP1 = REBELL+ AGA9/ HI]>*Y1 AU?ORITY1 ! /ATE 7A WORD :I* ,/IRN] (T5 USES TO 9DICATE ! 5TIRE EXI/+ ORD]74 ,CONSID]$ BO? AS A RELATIONAL =M & AS A C\NT]-ASSOCIATION1 ! UNION IS CLOSELY CONNECT$ TO REBELLION4 ,IF 0MY EGOISM HAS AN 9T]E/ 9 LIB]AT+ ! WORLD SO ?AT IT BECOMES -- MY PROP]TY10 .<#b#c.> ! DEMOLITION ( :AT EXI/S1 ! OV]TURN+ ( GIV5 CONDITIONS1 :ILE BE+ 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CES ( REBELLION1 DON'T EXHAU/ MY 9C5TIVE = 9SURRECTION1 :I* IS ! ONLY WAY TO AFFIRM MY C5TRALITY 9 ! WORLD1 & ?US 9 MY RELATIONS4 ,)\T 9SURRECTION ,I CANNOT CREATE RELATIONS ?AT >E NOT M$IAT$1 BY ,GOD OR BY ! /ATE1 0MUTUAL RELATION%IPS SU* ?AT EV]YONE4441 9 !SE RELATION%IPS1 CAN BE TRULY :AT HE IS40 .<#b#d.> ,EQUALLY1 )\T MY EGOI/IC WILL TO RISE UP1 ! UNION AGA9/ AU?ORITY & HI]>*Y CEASES TO BE MY TOOL & 5DS UP BECOM+ -- 0JU/ AS FROM A ?\ISES0 -- A HI<] BE+1 A P>TY4 ,ONLY A =M ( RELATION%IP ?AT AFFIRMS ! UNIQU5ESS ( ! P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL IS ABLE TO AVOID REPRODUC+ ! ORD] ( DEP5D5CE )9 ITSELF4 ,! ,UNIQUE CANNOT OPPOSE HI]>*Y ?R\< A MEANS -- ! P>TY -- ?AT IS ONLY 0A /ATE )9 ! /ATE10 0A READY-MADE SOCIETY0 = :I* HE IS SUPPOS$ TO R5\NCE HIS [N 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,?IS BATTLE CAN ALSO TAKE PLACE ) 0MILLIONS ( PEOPLE TOGE!R0 .<#b#e.>2 :AT MATT]S IS ?AT ! MULTITUDE IS NOT TRANS=M$ 9TO ! SUBJECT1 9TO ?AT 0ALL0 :I* PRES]VES ! TRAITS ( TRANSC5D5CE &1 ?US1 ( M$IATION4 ,:AT OPPOSES MUTUALITY -- ! ,MANN GEG5 ,MANN .<#b#f.> RELATION%IP ?AT1 ALONE1 CAN CONFIRM UNIQU5ESS -- TO HI]>*Y IS NOT ! NUMB]1 EI!R POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY4 ,9 FACT1 & ,I ?9K ?IS IS V]Y IMPORTANT1 A 0COLLECTIVE0 DIM5SION 79 ! S5SE ( ,I"4,I"4,I4447 ) AN 9DIVIDUALI/IC *>ACT] CAN BE CREAT$1 JU/ LIKE AN 9DIVIDUAL DIM5SION ) A COLLECTIVI/ & ALI5AT+ *>ACT] CAN BE CREAT$4 ,:AT DI/+UI%ES ! DEF5SE ( 9DIVIDUAL AUTONOMY FROM ! =MATION ( DOM9ATION IS ! ASSOCIATIVE ME?OD4 ,BUT ,/IRN]1 :5 HE SPEAKS ( ! RELATION%IP1 ( ! UNION ( ,UNIQUES1 REF]S ONLY TO ! 0=M0 ( SU* RELATIONS3 A =M ?AT IS ABLE TO GU>ANTEE ! C5TRALITY ( EA* ONE4 0,= ,/IRN]1 GO+ BEYOND ! '=MAL' MOM5T MEANS GO+ BACK TO CREAT+ SPOOKS1 LEGITIMIZ+ DOM9ATION1 MAK+ SPACE = ! MAGIC CIRCLE10 .<#b#g.> MEAN+ ?AT MOM5T ( ALI5ATION ?AT GETS CREAT$ 9 ! DI*OTOMY BETWE5 BE+ & HAV+-TO-BE1 BETWE5 EXI/5CE & ESS5CE4 ,PRECISELY BY NOT CREAT+ A NEW HEAV51 A NEW MISSION1 ,/IRN] HOLDS ?AT ! CONT5TS ( ! UNION1 ! RULES ( PLAY1 WILL BE ! EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY ( ! ,UNIQUES4 ,IF ,/IRN]'S 0POLITICAL0 DIM5SION CAN SEEM LIKE A UTOPIA1 IT REMA9S1 AS ! RELATIONAL WORLD ( ! ,UNIQUE1 !NCE ( A 0:O0 ?AT CANNOT BE DESCRIB$1 AN 0EMPTY0 UTOPIA4 ,! ONE-SID$NESS1 ! SEP>AT5ESS ( EA* ,UNIQUE /ILL REMA9S 7OR RA!R1 ONLY BECOMES COMPLETE7 9 ! UNION4 ,?US1 ONE CANNOT MAKE UNIQU5ESS CORRESPOND ) ISOLATION4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL :O ASSOCIATES IS NO LESS AN EGOI/ ?AN ! ONE :O PREF]S TO 0/& ALONE02 :AT *ANGES IS ! OBJECT ( H] EGOISM4 .<#b#h.> ,IF ONE UNITES ) O!RS1 IT IS BECAUSE HE F9DS 9 !IR COMPANY A REASON = 9T]E/1 = 5JOYM5T4 ,IF ONE PREF]S TO ISOLATE HIMSELF1 IT MEANS ?AT HUMAN BE+S NO LONG] HAVE ANY?+ TO (F] H]4 0,REMA9+ IS NO LESS EGOI/IC ?AN ISOLAT+ ONESELF40 .<#b#i.> ,! DI/9CTION IS !RE=E NOT BETWE5 EGOISM & NON-EGOISM1 BUT1 IF Y\ WILL1 BETWE5 A 0POOR0 EGOISM & A 0RI*0 EGOISM4 0,ONE :O LOVES A HUMAN BE+10 ,/IRN] SAYS1 0?R\< ?IS SAME LOVE IS RI*] ?AN ANO!R :O DOESN'T LOVE ANYONE10 S9CE %E HAS ONE MORE 0PROP]TY40 ,/IRN]'S EGOISM IS ?US FULL P>TICIPATION 9 LIFE1 9 RELATION%IPS ) O!RS4 ,ALONGSIDE ! *>GE ?AT HE WANT$ TO 0ATOMIZE0 9DIVIDUALS1 ! *>GE ?AT ,/IRN]1 ) HIS UNION ( EGOI/S1 LIMITS HIMSELF TO PROPOS+ ONLY A V>IANT 9 T]M9OLOGY ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 A MIRROR IMAGE1 H[EV] EXTREME1 ( ! B\RGEOIS ORD]1 .<#c.> ALSO %[S ALL ITS 9CONSI/5CIES4 ,/IRN]1 AFT] %[+ ! IDEOLOGICAL 0GLUE0 ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS HUMANI/IC MORALITY 7AN 9T]NAL 0SANCTIMONI\S PRIE/0 :O PREA*ES SACRIFICE71 MA9TA9S ?AT IF ONE HAD A MORE AW>E EGOISM1 ONE W\LD TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ?AT 0COOP]ATION IS MORE USEFUL ?AN ISOLATION0 & ?AT ! AB&ONM5T ( 0COMPETITION0 -- ?AT HIDD5 CONFLICT1 AS M$IAT$ BY ! /ATE -- IS NO?+ BUT A RESPONSE TO A HI<] FEEL+ ( \R UNIQU5ESS4 ,9 ! UNION ( EGOI/S1 EXPLOITATION 70ASS]TION AT ! EXP5SE ( O!RS07 IS ELIM9AT$ AS SOON AS ! CO-ASSOCIATES1 EQUALLY AW>E EGOI/S1 0NO LONG] WANT TO BE SU* FOOLS AS TO LET ANYONE LIVE AT !IR EXP5SE40 .<#c#a.> ,9 A C>EFUL READ+ ( ,/IRN]'S ?\IANISM4 .<#c#b.> ,B5?AM'S >I?METIC ( PLEASURES /ILL CONSI/S ( A BELIEF 9 A ?+ ?AT IS 9T]E/+ 9 ! ABSOLUTE S5SE1 MEAN+ A BELIEF 9 A 0SACR$0 ?+4 ,& WE KN[ H[ = ,/IRN]1 ANY BEHAVIOR T[>D SOME?+ AS 9T]E/+ 9 ITSELF & = ITSELF IS ALWAYS RELIGI\S BEHAVIOR4 .<#c#c.> ,= ,/IRN]1 SELF-9T]E/ IS NOT A PR9CIPLE1 IT IS 0A M]E NAME1 A CONCEPT EMPTY ( CONT5T1 UTT]LY LACK+ ANY CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPM5T40 .<#c#d.> ,9 ! EYES ( \R PHILOSOPH]1 0! MORAL SY/EM ( SELF-9T]E/ CONDEMNS ! REAL SELF-9T]E/ ( P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUALS1 9 MU* ! SAME WAY AS ! SUPPOS$ UNIV]SALITY ( REASON =CES 'PRIVATE REASON' TO SUBMIT40 .<#c#e.> ,FROM ?IS OBVI\SLY 9COMPLETE PICTURE ,I'VE DRAWN ( RELATION%IP & ASSOCIATION AS F\ND 9 ,/IRN] ONE CAN1 ,I ?9K1 UND]/& H[ IT ISN'T POSSIBLE TO TRANS=M ! UNION ( EGOI/S 9TO A BELLUM OMNIUM CONTRA OMNES ?AT DOES NO?+ BUT AGA9 PROPOSE ! DOM9ATION ( HUMAN BE+ OV] HUMAN BE+ AS ! SOLE =M ( LIFE TOGE!R4 ,! ,UNIQUE ( :OM ,/IRN] SPEAKS IS NOT MOV$ 9 H] RELATIONS ) O!RS BY ! 0PLEASURE ( BE+ RUDE0 ?AT *>ACT]IZES ,DO/OEVSKY'S *>ACT] FROM ! UND]GR\ND4 ,:AT DRIVES H] IS NOT AT ALL ! NE$ = ! IMPOSSIBLE ( ?AT 9EXORABLE APPETIT D'ETRE ?AT LEADS ,CAMUS' ,CALIGULA TO /ATE ?AT 0,ONE IS ALWAYS FREE AT SOMEONE ELSE'S EXP5SE40 ,ALSO =EIGN TO ,/IRN] IS ?AT FE> ( DEA? :I*1 9 ,CANETTI'S ACC\NT1 ! SULTAN ( ,DELHI IS /RIV+ TO DEFEAT :5 HE DECIDES TO RAZE ! CITY TO ! GR\ND 9 ORD] TO 5JOY AN 9/ANT ( ?AT 0SOLIT>Y UNIQU5ESS0 ?AT COMES FROM ! 0FEEL+ ( HAV+ SURVIV$ ALL M540 .<#c#f.> ,/IRN] 0DOESN'T DEF5D ! P[] ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO DOM9ATE O!RS40 .<#c#g.> S9CE HE %[S 9 AN EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT WAY ?AT ! EX]CISE ( DOM9ATION IS A /RONGLY DE-9DIVIDUALIZ+ PRACTICE4 ,& S9CE 0:OEV] HAS TO C\NT ON ! LACK ( WILL 9 O!RS 9 ORD] TO EXI/1 IS A %ODDY PRODUCT ( !SE O!RS1 AS ! MA/] IS A %ODDY PRODUCT ( ! SLAVE10 .<#c#h.> DOM9ATION COMES TO BE A =M ( 9DIVIDUAL DISEMP[]M5T4 ,& ?IS DISEMP[]M5T IS ALSO ACCOMPANI$ BY A PROCESS ( ALI5ATION 9 ?AT ! =CE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL GETS SUBORD9AT$ TO ! PRO( ( ! 9F]IORITY ( O!RS4 ,! DESIRE TO DOM9ATE .<#c#i.> CONSI/S ( ! PLEASURE ( PREVAIL+ OV] O!RS1 I4E41 ! EF=T ( ESCAP+ A CONDITION ?AT ONE P]CEIVES AS EQUALITY4 ,IF1 9/EAD1 ONE IS AW>E ( ONE'S [N EXCLUSIVITY1 ( ONE'S BE+ IRR$UCIBLY DIFF]5T FROM EV]Y ONE ELSE1 ONE CAN ONLY REJECT ! CRAV+ = 0SUP]IORITY0 AS A HOMOG5IZ+ PR9CIPLE4 ,! P[] ( :I* ,/IRN] SPEAKS IS ! CAPACITY TO PLACE ONESELF BE=E O!RS AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 )\T HAV+ REC\RSE TO ! 0CONV5I5T BULW>K ( AU?ORITY40 ,9 FACT1 ONE IS QUITE WEAK 7& 9COMPLETE7 IF ONE MU/ SUMMON 7OR NE$S TO BE7 AN AU?ORITY4 .<#d.> ,ONLY 9 ! NEGATION ( AU?ORITY CAN ! 9DIVIDUAL REJECT ! ALI5AT$ LIFE ( ! DOCILE1 USABLE CITIZ51 ! RUL]'S SUBJECT :O LEADS AN EXI/5CE ?AT MOVES TO ! RHY?MS ( S]VICE4 ,!RE'S NO NE$ TO EMPHASIZE H[ MANY SIMIL>ITIES !RE >E BETWE5 ,/IRN]'S UNION & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ASSOCIATIONAL CONCEPTIONS4 ,IT'S NO ACCID5T ?AT ! AN>*I/ ?9K]S .<#d#a.> :O HAVE MO/ CONSI/5TLY H>K$ BACK TO ,/IRN] >E ! ONES :O HAVE P]HAPS CONTRIBUT$ ! MO/ TO ! DESCRIPTION ( ACRATIC CONTRACTUALISM4 ,! NOTION -- = EXAMPLE -- ( 0! ME?OD ( EQUAL LIB]TY0 RECALLS MU* ?AT IS CLOSE TO ,/IRN]'S !SIS ( ! EQUAL 9EQUALITY 9 ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ,UNIQUES4 ,DRAW+ ON A !ME ALREADY DEVELOP$ BY ,E4 DE ,LA ,BOETIE1 ?AT ( VOLUNT>Y S]VITUDE1 ,/IRN] AFFIRMS ?AT 0,:5 SUBS]VI5CE CEASES TO BE1 IT WILL BE ALL OV] RUL]%IP AS WELL60 & AFT] PROPOS+ 9SURRECTION AS ! SOLE SOLUTION TO ! 0SOCIAL QUE/ION10 HE ADDS 9 REPROA*3 0,IF ! RI* EXI/1 IT IS ! FAULT ( ! POOR40 ,A FEW YE>S LAT]1 ! AN>*I/ ,BELLAG>IGUE WROTE3 0,HAVE Y\ BELIEV$ ?AT UP TO TODAY !RE HAVE BE5 TYRANTS8 ,WELL1 Y\ >E /ILL WRONG1 BECAUSE !RE >E ONLY SLAVES3 :]E NO ONE OBEYS1 NO ONE COMM&S40 .<#d#b.> ,/IRN] NOTES H[ DOM9ATION & HI]>*Y1 ALONG ) 7OR P]HAPS BE=E7 BE+ A /RUCTUR+ ( 9T]-9DIVIDUAL P[]1 >E =MS ( 9TRA-9DIVIDUAL ALI5ATION1 ! PROCESS ( 9T]NALIZ+ ! 0SACR$40 ,IT IS 9 SOCIAL CU/OMS1 SE5 AS =MS ( ! 0COMPULSION TO REPEAT10 ?AT HE ID5TIFIES ! CONT9U\S REPRODUCTION ( ALI5ATION4 ,?US1 BETWE5 9DIVIDUAL [N]S :O REFUSE SUBORD9ATION BE=E ANY SOCIAL ORD] -- ) ITS CU/OMS1 ITS MODELS ( BEHAVIOR -- ! ONLY POSSIBLE RELATION%IPS >E ?OSE BAS$ ON ! -- CONTRIV$1 PREC>I\S1 & ALWAYS *ANGEABLE -- BALANCE BETWE5 ! EGOISMS ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,ASSOCIATIVE RELATIONS CANNOT BE BAS$ ON ! IMPOSITION ( A FICTITI\S EQUALITY1 NOR CAN A HI<] SYN!SIS BE CREAT$ BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL P[]S4 ,/IRN] RADICALLY NEGATES ANY !ORY ( ! ID5TIFICATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ) ! COLLECTIVITY1 ( ! SUP]SESSION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! SOCIAL4 ,EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL CONSCI\S ( HIS UNIQU5ESS WILL ALWAYS BE READY TO RISE UP AGA9/ ANY ATTEMPT TO SETTLE1 ?R\< :ATEV] =M ( AU?ORIT>IAN 0FIX$ IDEA10 ! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS4 .<#d#c.> ,REBELLION1 !N1 IS NOT JU/ A TRANSITIONAL PHASE FROM SOCIETY TO ! UNION1 BUT RA!R AN ATTITUDE ( CON/ANT 9SURRECTION AGA9/ EV]Y P[]1 AGA9/ EV]Y HEAV51 ?AT DEBASES ONE'S 9ALI5ABLE EXCLUSIVITY4 ,)\T A CONT9U\S1 EXTREMI/ ( ONE'S AUTONOMY1 !RE C\LD C]TA9LY BE A REVOLUTION1 BUT IT W\LD /ILL JU/ BE A RE=M ( ! EXI/5T4 ,AT ! BASIS ( ,/IRN]'S IDEAS ON RELATION%IPS1 !RE IS ! CLE> AW>5ESS ( ! IRRECONCILABILITY BETWE5 ! CONCEPTION ( ?OSE :O HOLD ?AT ONLY ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ORD] CAN GU>ANTEE LIB]TY & ?OSE :O 9/EAD AFFIRM ?AT FROM LIB]TY ALONE CAN ORD] BE BORN4 ,IT IS A MATT]1 IF Y\ WILL1 ( ! ET]NAL CONFLICT BETWE5 SYN!SIS & BALANCE1 BETWE5 AU?ORITY & LIB]TY4 ,& !RE %\LD BE NO MORE D\BT AB\T :]E TO PLACE ,/IRN] 9 ?IS CONFLICT4 .<#a.> ,MAX ,/IRN]1 ,/IRN]'S ,CRITICS .<#b.> ,IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOT ?AT BO? ! ,ITALIAN WORD 0UNIONE10 :I* ,PASSAMANI USES1 & ! ,G]MAN WORD 0,V]E910 :I* ,/IRN] USES HAVE NO CONNECTION :ATSOEV] TO LABOR UNIONS4 -- ,TRANSLATOR'S NOTE4 .<#c.> ,/IRN]1 OP4CIT4 .<#d.> ,MAX ,/IRN]1 ,! ,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,PROP]TY1 9 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE40 .<#e.> ,IT'S NO ACCID5T ?AT ,/IRN] EMPHASIZ$ ! M$IAT+ NATURE ( ! /ATE SE5 AS ONE ( ! GREATE/ EXPRESSIONS ( HI]>*Y4 .<#f.> ,IBID41 9 0,MY ,P[]40 .<#g.> ,IBID41 9 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE40 .<#h.> ,M4 ,HESS1 ,! ,LA/ ,PHILOSOPH]S4 .<#i.> ,ALB]T ,CAMUS1 ,! ,REBEL4 .<#a.> ,/IRN]1 ,! ,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,PROP]TY1 9 0,! ,POSSESS$40 .<#a#a.> ,IBID41 9 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE40 .<#a#b.> ,! PREC$+ PASSAGES >E ALL TO BE F\ND 9 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE0 9 ,/IRN]'S BOOK4 .<#a#c.> ,/IRN]1 ,! ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,REACTION>IES .<#a#d.> ,! ,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,PROP]TY1 9 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE40 .<#a#e.> ,! LIB]AL AT :O ,/IRN] TAKES AIM 9 HIS ESSAY 0,SOME ,PRELIM9>Y ,NOTES ON ! ,LOVE-,/ATE40 .<#a#f.> ,! ,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,PROP]TY1 9 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE40 .<#a#g.> ,IBID41 9 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE40 .<#a#h.> ,BE=E ,/IRN]1 ! ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/1 ,JOSIAH ,W>R51 SUMM>IZ$ HIS ?\ SOV]EIGNTY10 ! F\NDATION ( ! #aggf DECL>ATION ( 9DEP5D5CE4 ,NOT R&OMLY4 ,! IDEOLOGICAL APPE>ANCE ( DOM9ATION ALWAYS REVOLVES >\ND AN AB/RACT COLLECTIVE BE+2 ?US1 ! ONLY WAY TO ELIM9ATE >*ISM 9 ALL ITS =MS IS TO BR+ ! NOTIONS ( LIB]TY1 AUTONOMY1 9DEP5D5CE BACK TO ! P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL4 ,! BASIS ( ALL MOD]N DICTATOR%IP IS REPRES5T$ BY ,R\SSEAU'S 0G5]AL WILL40 ,IT C\LD ONLY BE SOME?+ CONCRETE IF IT WAS ! PRODUCT ( ALL ! 9DIVIDUAL WILLS4 ,BUT = ,R\SSEAU1 ! G5]AL WILL IS NOT ! WILL ( EV]YONE1 BUT RA!R SOME?+ TRANSC5D5T1 RIXI/ & ,NAZI DICTATOR%IPS >E M]ELY DIFF]5T ME?ODS = US+ ! SAME 9/RUM5T ( P[]3 ! CULT ( ! G5]AL GOOD4 ,! USEFULNESS ( ,/IRN]'S ?\*ICAL BLACKMAIL ( ! DEMOCRATIC SY/EM SEEMS OBVI\S4 .<#a#i.> ,B5JAM9 ,TUCK]1 ,9DIVIDUAL ,LIB]TY4 .<#b.> ,/IRN]1 ,! ,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,PROP]TY4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 ,W>R5 MA9TA9$ ?AT ! SOLE T]RA9 ON :I* ACRATIC RELATIONS CAN BE E/ABLI%$ IS ?AT ( 0DISASSOCIATION1 DISUNION1 9DIVIDUALIZATION40 .<#b#a.> ,SEE IBID41 9 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE40 .<#b#b.> ,! LIMITS CONSI/ 9 RELATIONAL1 NOT MORAL1 OBLIGATIONS1 ME?ODOLOGICAL OBLIGATIONS1 NOT DUTIES4 .<#b#c.> ,! ,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,PROP]TY1 9 0,MY ,9T]C\RSE40 .<#b#d.> ,IBID4 .<#b#e.> ,SO MU* SO ?AT !RE HAVE BE5 ?OSE :O1 BY J]K+ HIS ?\\ND QUITE A BIT1 HAVE MADE ( ,/IRN] A PRECURSOR ( REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM4 .<#b#f.> ,9 ,G]MAN 9 ! ORIG9AL4 ,LIT]ALLY 0MAN AGA9/ MAN40 -- ,TRANSALATOR'S NOTE4 .<#b#g.> ,SO WRITES ,R4 ,ESCOB> 9 ,IL C]*IO MAGICO4 ,MAX ,/IRN]3 LA POLITICA DALLA G]>*IA ALLA RECIPROCITA 7,! ,MAGIC ,CIRCLE1 ,MAX ,/IRN]3 ,POLITICS FROM ,HI]>*Y TO ,MUTUALITY71 $4 ,FRANCO ,ANGELI1 ,MILANO1 ,ITALY1 #a#i#h#f1 PAGE #a#e4 ,MY CONSID]ATIONS 9 ?IS WRIT+ >E FREELY 9SPIR$ BY ,ESCOB>'S /UDY4 .<#b#h.> ,ISOLAT+ ONESELF & ASSOCIAT+ >E ONLY DIFF]5T =MS ( RELATION%IPS4 ,EV5 SOLITUDE -- ,ORTEGA Y ,GASSET MA9TA9$ -- IS A RELATION%IP1 9 :I* ONE P>TICIPATES 9 ! =M ( ABS5CE4 .<#b#i.> ,/IRN]1 ,/IRN]'S ,CRITICS .<#c.> ,?IS IS ,MOSES ,HESS' !SIS1 TAK5 BACK UP BY ,M>X & ,5GELS 9 ,! ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY1 & LAT] REPEAT$ BY 7ALMO/7 ALL M>XI/ S*OL>S :O >E 9T]E/$ 9 ,/IRN]4 .<#c#a.> ,/IRN]1 ,/IRN]'S ,CRITICS .<#c#b.> ,M>X & ,5GELS PORTRAY$ ,/IRN]'S ?\IANISM4 ,SEE ,! ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY4 .<#c#c.> ,/IRN]1 ,/IRN]'S ,CRITICS4 .<#c#d.> ,IBID4 .<#c#e.> ,F4 ,&OLFI1 0,EGOISMO E SOLID>IETA SOCIALE3 RIFLESSIONI SU ,/IRN]0 70,EGOISM & ,SOCIAL ,SOLID>ITY3 ,REFLECTIONS ON ,/IRN]071 9 ,NIETZS*E-,/IRN]1 PG4 #a#f#c4 .<#c#f.> ,SEE ,DO/OEVSKY1 ,NOTES FROM ! ,UND]GR\ND2 ,CAMUS1 ,CALIGULA2 ,CANETTI1 ,P[] & ,SURVIVAL4 ,/IRN]'S 9FLU5CE ON ,DO/OEVSKY'S *>ACT]S1 AS WELL AS ON ,CAMUS' ,! ,REBEL & ,CALIGULA1 HAVE BE5 PO9T$ \T BY O!R AU?ORS4 ,= ! ,DO/OEVSKY-,/IRN] CONNECTION1 SEE ,R4 ,CALASSO1 0,! ,>TIFICIAL ,B>B>IAN0 9 ,! ,RU9 ( ,KAS*2 ,J4 ,C>ROLL ,BREAK\T FROM ! ,CRY/AL ,PALACE3 ,! ,AN>*O-PSY*OLOGICAL ,CRITIQUE3 ,/IRN]1 ,NIETZS*E1 ,DO/OEVSKY2 ,F4 ,&OLFI1 OP4CIT4 ,= ! ,CAMUS-,/IRN] CONNECTION1 SEE ,F4 ,&OLFI2 ,G4 ,P5ZO1 ,MAX ,/IRN]3 LA RIVOLTA ESI/5TIALE 7,MAX ,/IRN]3 ,! ,EXI/5TIALI/ ,REVOLT72 ,R4 ,ESCOB>1 OP4CIT4 ,BUT IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT NO ONE HAS PO9T$ \T ,CANETTI'S REF]5CES TO ,/IRN]4 ,& YET 9 HIS WAY ( PRES5T+ ! FIGURE ( ! SULTAN1 IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT !RE IS A CLE> REF]5CE TO ,/IRN]4 .<#c#g.> ,J4 ,C>ROLL1 OP4CIT4 .<#c#h.> ,MAX ,/IRN]1 ,! ,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,PROP]TY1 9 0,MY ,P[]40 .<#c#i.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,CAMUS1 A 0DESIR DE DOM9ATION0 IS :AT DRIVES ,/IRN] 7SEE ,! ,REBEL7 .<#d.> ,/IRN]'S REFUSAL ( ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY IS CONTA9$ 9 ! ESSAY ,! ,FALSE ,PR9CIPLE ( ,\R ,$UCATION OR ,HUMANISM OR ,REALISM4 .<#d#a.> ,I AM REF]R+ SPECIFICALLY TO ,B5JAM9 ,TUCK]1 ,/EPH5 ,BY+TON & ,EMILE ,>M&4 .<#d#b.> ,ANSELME ,BELLEG>RIGUE1 7,! ,WORLD'S ,FIR/7 ,AN>*I/ ,MANIFE/O4 .<#d#c.> ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! BALANCE ( ANTAGONISMS & ORD] BAS$ ON IMPOSITION RECALLS1 IF ,I AM ALL[$ TO HAZ>D A COMP>ISON1 ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! H>MONY ( OPPOS+ T5SIONS ( ,H]ACLITUS & ,EMP$OCLES' H>MONY1 A UNITY BAS$ ON ! CYCLIC PR$OM9ANCE ( ONE ELEM5T OV] ! O!R1 ( PHILIA 7LOVE7 OV] NEIKOS 7/RIFE7 & VICE V]SA4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #a#c1 #bba 3 ,MUTUAL ,UTILIZATION3 ,RELATION%IP & ,REVOLT 9 ,MAX ,/IRN] -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,MUTUAL ,UTILIZATION3 ,RELATION%IP & ,REVOLT 9 ,MAX ,/IRN] -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/