,MUTUALISM1 YES & NO 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,MUTUALISM IS A LIB]T>IAN =M ( M>KET SOCIALISM4 ,IT IS MO/ ASSOCIAT$ ) ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON1 ! FIR/ P]SON TO CALL HIMSELF AN AN>*I/4 ,H[EV]1 HE DID NOT 9V5T ! T]M BUT RA!R PICK$ IT UP FROM WORK]S 9 ,LYONS :5 HE /AY$ !RE 9 ! #a#h#dS4 ,MUTUALISM REA*$ ! PEAK ( ITS 9FLU5CE :5 ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #ahga APPLI$ ,PR\DHON'S IDEAS ON F$]ALISM & WORK]S' CO-OP]ATIVES BE=E BE+ BLOODILY CRU%$4 

,MUTUALISM AIMS TO CREATE A SY/EM ( SELF-EMPLOY$ WORK]S & CO-OP]ATIVES HONE/LY EX*ANG+ GOODS & S]VICES 9 A M>KET )\T 9T]E/1 R5T1 PR(IT1 L&LORDS OR CAPITALI/S4 ,REJECT+ SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 IT AIMS TO DE/ROY CAPITALISM & ! /ATE BY MEANS ( RE=M - A COMB9ATION ( MORE JU/ & MORE EFFICI5T ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS 7MUTUAL BANKS & CO-OP]ATIVES7 & PRESSURIZ+ ! /ATE FROM \TSIDE TO 5ACT APPROPRIATE RE=MS4 

,REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM DEVELOP$ AFT] ,PR\DHON'S DEA? 9 #a#h#f#e1 BUT IT %>ES MANY ( ! SAME IDEAS4 ,IT TAKES HIS CRITIQUE ( PROP]TY AS A S\RCE ( EXPLOITATION 70PROP]TY IS !FT07 & DOM9ATION 70PROP]TY IS DESPOTISM071 HIS ANALYSIS ( ! /ATE AS AN 9/RUM5T ( CLASS DOM9ATION & DE/ROY] ( FRE$OM1 HIS >GUM5TS = DEC5TRALIZATION1 ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SELF-MANAGEM5T1 & SOCIO-ECONOMIC F$]ALISM4 ,IT REJECTS HIS RE=MI/ MEANS AS WELL AS SUPPORT = M>KETS 9 A FREE SOCIETY4 

,! NOTION ?AT CR$IT & PRODUC] CO-OP]ATIVES W\LD DISPLAY CAPITALISM IS REJECT$ BY MO/ AN>*I/S4 ,FOLL[+ ,BAKUN91 WE SEE ! NE$ = REVOLUTION>Y ACTION TO 5D CAPITALISM4 ,?IS WAS BECAUSE ( ! VA/ ADVANTAGE ?AT ! CAPITALI/ CLASS 5JOYS AGA9/ ! WORK+ CLASS 9 T]MS ( WEAL?1 NOT TO M5TION ! SUPPORT 7OP5 OR HIDD51 BUT ALWAYS ACTIVE7 ( ! /ATE4 ,! FI<T IS TOO UNEQUAL = SUCCESS TO BE EXPECT$4 ,9/EAD1 AN>*I/S TURN$ TO ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 /RIKES & O!R =MS ( COLLECTIVE DIRECT ACTION & SOLID>ITY TO *ANGE SOCIETY4 

,EV5 ) ! \TSIDE PRESSURE ( ! PEOPLE ON ! /ATE ,PR\DHON ?\<T WAS NECESS>Y TO =CE IT T[>DS MEAN+FUL RE=MS1 IT IS UNLIKELY ?AT IT WILL TRANSC5D ITS CLASS ROLE & ACT 9 ! PUBLIC GOOD4 ,REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S RECOGNIZ$ ?AT IF !RE W]E A RE=M MOVEM5T /RONG 5\< TO PRESSURIZE ! /ATE 9 SU* A WAY IT W\LD ALSO BE /RONG 5\< TO ABOLI% ! /ATE - & ! CAPITALISM IT EXI/S TO DEF5D4 ,IT MU/ ALSO BE NOT$ ?AT1 ASSUM+ ITS MEANS W]E VIABLE1 ,PR\DHON SAW ! A*IEVEM5T ( AN>*Y AS A MATT] ( C5TURIES4 ,! CURR5T ECO-CRISIS DOES NOT P]MIT SU* A TIME-SCALE4 

,! KEY >EA ( DISAGREEM5T 9 T]MS ( VISION IS ?AT UNLIKE O!R =MS ( AN>*ISM1 MUTUALISM KEEPS A MODIFI$ V]SION ( M>KET EX*ANGE4 ,SOME1 P>TICUL>LY ,M>XI/S1 REJECT ?IS VISION AS SIMPLY 0SELF-MANAG$ CAPITALISM40 ,IRONICALLY1 ?IS REPEATS ! NEO-LIB]AL ASS]TION ?AT 0M>KETS0 EQUAL CAPITALISM1 SO D[NPLAY+ WAGE LABOR 7& ! DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION ?AT GOES ) IT74 ,MOREOV]1 ?IS IS NOT ! CASE4 ,AS ,M>X HIMSELF REPEAT$LY NOT$1 ?IS W\LD BE A DIFF]5T MODE ( PRODUCTION ?AN CAPITALISM AS IT WAS NOT BAS$ ON WAGE-LABOR4 

,:ILE MUTUALISM IS NOT 0SELF-MANAG$0 CAPITALISM1 IT DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ?IS =M ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM IS )\T FLAWS4 ,COMMUNI/-AN>*I/S >GUE ?AT !RE >E PROBLEMS ) M>KETS AS SU*1 :I* >E 9DEP5D5T (1 OR MADE WORSE BY1 CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS !SE PROBLEMS :I* MAKE MO/ AN>*I/S HO/ILE TO ! M>KET 7EV5 ONE ( COMPET+ SELF-MANAG$ WORKPLACES7 & SO WE DESIRE A 7LIB]T>IAN7 COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 

,AT ITS MO/ BASIC1 M>KETS SOON RESULT 9 IMP]SONAL =CES 70M>KET =CES07 :I* 5SURE ?AT ! PEOPLE 9 ! ECONOMY DO :AT IS REQUIR$ 9 ORD] = IT TO FUNCTION4 ,:ILE ! M>KET IS USUALLY PRES5T$ AS A REGIME ( FRE$OM :]E NO ONE =CES ANYONE TO DO ANY?+1 :]E WE FREELY EX*ANGE ) O!RS AS WE SEE FIT1 ! REALITY IS DIFF]5T AS ! M>KET USUALLY 5SURES ?AT PEOPLE ACT 9 WAYS OPPOSITE TO :AT !Y DESIRE OR =CES !M TO ACCEPT 0FREE AGREEM5TS0 :I* !Y MAY NOT ACTUALLY DESIRE4 ,WAGE LABOR UND] CAPITALISM IS ! MO/ OBVI\S EXAMPLE ( ?IS1 BUT SURVIVAL ON ! M>KET CAN DRIVE EV5 ! BE/ 9T5D$ COOP]ATIVE TO ACT 9 ANTI-SOCIAL & ANTI-ECOLOGICAL WAYS SIMPLY TO SURVIVE4 

,OP]AT+ 9 A M>KET MEANS SUBMITT+ TO ! PR(IT CRIT]ION4 ,H[EV] MU* WORK]S MI<T WANT TO EMPLOY SOCIAL CRIT]IA 9 !IR DECISION MAK+1 !Y CANNOT4 ,TO IGNORE 0PR(ITABILITY0 W\LD CAUSE !IR FIRM TO GO BANKRUPT4 ,M>KETS SY/EMATICALLY REW>D ANTI-SOCIAL ACTIVITY AS FIRMS :I* IMPOSE EXT]NALITIES CAN L[] PRICES & BE REW>D$ BY 9CREAS$ M>KET %>E AS A RESULT - P>TICUL>LY AS IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DET]M9E :E!R A L[ CO/ REFLECTS ACTUAL EFFICI5CY OR A WILL+NESS TO EXT]NALIZE CO/S4 ,SO ! PRICE ME*ANISM BLOCKS 9=MATION REQUIR$ = S5SIBLE DECISION MAK+ 7?AT SOME?+ CO/S ,G,B,P#e DOES NOT TELL Y\ H[ MU* POLLUTION IT CAUSES OR ! CONDITIONS ( ! WORKPLACE :I* CREAT$ IT74 ,:ILE !RE WILL BE A R$UC$ LIKELIHOOD = CO-OP]ATIVES TO POLLUTE !IR [N NEI<BORHOODS1 ! COMPETITIVE PRESSURES & REW>DS W\LD /ILL BE !RE & IT SEEMS UNLIKELY ?AT !Y WILL BE IGNOR$1 P>TICUL>LY IF SURVIVAL ON ! M>KET IS AT /AKE4 

,! M>KET CAN ALSO BLOCK ! EFFICI5T USE ( RES\RCES4 ,ECO-FRI5DLY TE*NOLOGY1 AT LEA/ 9ITIALLY1 IS (T5 MORE EXP5SIVE ?AN ITS RIVALS & :ILE1 OV] ! LONG T]M1 IT IS MORE EFFICI5T ! HI< 9ITIAL PRICE 5SURES ?AT MO/ PEOPLE CONT9U$ TO USE ! LESS EFFICI5T TE*NOLOGIES & SO WA/E RES\RCES4 ,?US WE SEE 9VE/M5T 9 7SAY7 W9D 5]GY IGNOR$ 9 FAVOR ( ONE-USE & POLLUT+ 5]GY S\RCES4 ,ANY M>KET SY/EM W\LD BE 9FUS$ ) %ORT-T]MISM1 AS CO-OP]ATIVES :I* >E NOT W\LD 9CUR CO/S :I* !IR LESS F>-SI<T$ COMPETITORS W\LD NOT - P>TICUL>LY AS IT W\LD /ILL BE DEP5D5T ON F9D+ ! MONEY TO DO SO & MAY /ILL 9CREASE ! PRICE ( !IR F9I%$ PRODUCT SO H>M+ !IR M>KET POSITION - & SURVIVAL4 

,EV5 IF WE ASSUME ?AT SELF-MANAG$ FIRMS RESI/ ! ECONOMIC TEMPTATIONS & PRESSURES1 ANY M>KET SY/EM IS ALSO M>K$ BY A CONT9U+ NE$ TO EXP& PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,9 T]MS ( 5VIRONM5TAL IMPACT1 A SELF-MANAG$ FIRM MU/ /ILL 5SURE SALES EXCE$ CO/S 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE & SO ! ECONOMY MU/ GR[ & EXP& 9TO ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,AS WELL AS PLAC+ PRESSURE ON ! PLANET'S ECOLOGY1 ?IS NE$ TO GR[ IMPACTS ON HUMAN ACTIVITY AS IT ALSO MEANS ?AT M>KET =CES 5SURE ?AT WORK CONT9UALLY HAS TO EXP&4 ,VALUE NE$S TO BE CREAT$1 & ?AT CAN ONLY BE DONE BY LABOR & SO EV5 A NON-CAPITALI/ M>KET SY/EM WILL SEE WORK DOM9ATE PEOPLE'S LIVES & BROAD] 7NON-MONET>Y7 MEASURES ( WELF>E SU* AS QUALITY ( LIFE BE+ SACRIFIC$4 ,SU* A REGIME MAY1 P]HAPS1 BE GOOD = MAT]IAL WEAL? BUT IT IS NOT GREAT = PEOPLE OR ! PLANET4 

,?AT SELF-MANAG$ FIRMS W\LD ADJU/ TO M>KET =CES BY 9CREAS+ H\RS1 WORK+ MORE 9T5SELY1 ALLOCAT+ RES\RCES TO ACCUMULAT+ EQUIPM5T RA!R ?AN LEISURE TIME OR CONSUMPTION CAN BE SE5 9 CO-OP]ATIVES UND] CAPITALISM4 ,?IS IS :Y MANY SOCIALI/S CALL ?IS 0SELF-EXPLOITATION0 7AL?\< ?IS IS SOME:AT MISLEAD+1 AS !RE NO EXPLOITATION 9 ! S5SE ( [N]S APPROPRIAT+ UNPAID LABOR74 ,ECONOMIC PRESSURES WILL 9CREAS+LY 5CROA* ON ANY HI<] E?ICAL GOALS 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE ON ! M>KET1 BE 0EFFICI5T0 & GR[4 

,M>KET =CES1 9 %ORT1 PRODUCE COLLECTIVELY IRRATIONAL BEHAVIOR AS A RESULT ( ATOMI/IC 9DIVIDUAL ACTIONS4 ,MOREOV]1 A M>KET ( SELF-MANAG$ FIRMS W\LD /ILL SUFF] FROM BOOMS & SLUMPS AS ! CO-OP]ATIVES RESPONSE TO *ANGES 9 PRICES W\LD /ILL RESULT 9 OV]-PRODUCTION & OV]-9VE/M5T4 ,:ILE ! LACK ( NON-LABOR 9COME W\LD HELP R$UCE ! SEV]ITY ( ! BUS9ESS CYCLE1 IT SEEMS UNLIKELY TO ELIM9ATE IT TOTALLY4 ,EQUALLY1 MANY ( ! PROBLEMS ( M>KET-9CREAS$ UNC]TA9TY & ! DE/ABILIZ+ ASPECTS ( PRICE SIGNALS >E JU/ AS APPLICABLE TO ALL M>KETS1 9CLUD+ PO/-CAPITALI/ ONES4 

,:ILE AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY W\LD BE CREAT$ ) PEOPLE DRIV5 BY A S5SE ( SOLID>ITY & DESIRE = EQUALITY1 M>KETS T5D TO ]ODE ?OSE FEEL+S4 ,MUTUALISM C\LD EV5 DEG5]ATE BACK 9TO CAPITALISM AS ANY 9EQUALITIES ?AT EXI/ BETWE5 CO-OP]ATIVES W\LD BE 9CREAS$ BY COMPETITION1 =C+ WEAK] CO-OP]ATIVES TO FAIL & SO CREAT+ A POOL ( WORK]S ) NO?+ TO SELL BUT !IR LABOR4 ,IF ! 9EQUALITIES BECOME SO GREAT ?AT ! NEW RI* BECOME SO ALI5AT$ FROM ! RE/ ( SOCIETY !Y C\LD RECREATE WAGE-LABOR &1 BY NECESSITY1 A /ATE TO 5=CE !IR DESIRE = PROP]TY 9 L& & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION AGA9/ PUBLIC OP9ION4 

,SO COMMUNI/-AN>*I/S FE> ?AT :ILE NOT HAV+ BOSSES1 CAPITALI/S & L&LORDS W\LD MITIGATE SOME ( ! IRRATIONALITIES ASSOCIAT$ ) CAPITALISM1 IT WILL NOT TOTALLY REMOVE ALL ( !M4 ,:ILE ! M>KET MAY BE FREE1 PEOPLE W\LD NOT BE4 

,9 CONCLUSION !N1 COMMUNI/-AN>*I/S >GUE ?AT EV5 NON-CAPITALI/ M>KETS W\LD RESULT 9 EV]YONE BE+ SO BUSY COMPET+ TO FUR!R !IR 0SELF-9T]E/0 ?AT !Y W\LD LOOSE SI<T ( :AT MAKES LIFE WOR? LIV+ & SO H>M !IR ACTUAL 9T]E/S4 ,! PRESSURES ( COMPET+ MAY EASILY RESULT 9 %ORT-T]M & N>R[ 9T]E/S TAK+ PREC$5CE OV] RI*]1 DEEP] NE$S & ASPIRATIONS :I* A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ SY/EM C\LD ALL[ TO FL\RI% BY PROVID+ ! SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS BY :I* 9DIVIDUALS CAN DISCUSS !IR JO9T 9T]E/S1 =MULATE !M & ACT TO A*IEVE !M4 ,?AT IS1 EV5 NON-CAPITALI/ M>KETS W\LD RESULT 9 PEOPLE SIMPLY WORK+ LONG & H>D TO SURVIVE RA!R ?AN LIV+4 ,?IS W\LD FILT] 9TO \R RELATION%IPS ) ! PLANET AS WELL1 ) ! DRIVE ( ECONOMIC PRESSURES SOON OV]COM+ HOPES ( LIV+ 9 H>MONY )9 VIABLE ECO-SY/EMS4 

,MUTUALI/S >E WELL AW>E ( ! CORROSIVE EFFECTS ( M>KET =CES1 TEMP]+ !M ) SOLID>ITY VIA AN AGRO-9DU/RIAL F$]ATION & A JU/ PRICE TO R$UCE M>KET FLUCTUATIONS & UNC]TA9TY4 ,H[EV]1 CO-OP]ATIVES WILL /ILL NE$ TO SURVIVE 9 ! M>KET & SO >E UND] PRESSURE TO CON=M TO ITS DICTATES4 ,9 %ORT1 BOSSES ACT AS !Y DO UND] CAPITALISM 9 P>T BECAUSE M>KETS =CE !M TO4 ,GETT+ RID ( BOSSES NE$ NOT ELIM9ATE ALL ! ECONOMIC PRESSURES :I* 9FLU5CE !IR DECISIONS & !SE C\LD =CE GR\PS ( WORK]S TO ACT 9 SIMIL> WAYS4 ,?US KEEP+ M>KETS W\LD UND]M9E MANY ( ! B5EFITS :I* PEOPLE S\<T :5 !Y 5D$ CAPITALISM4 

,!N !RE IS ! E?ICAL ISSUE4 ,M>KET 9COME DOES NOT REFLECT NE$S & A JU/ SOCIETY W\LD RECOGNIZE ?IS4 ,MANY NE$S CANNOT BE PROVID$ BY M>KETS 7PUBLIC GOODS & EFFICI5T HEAL? C>E1 MO/ OBVI\SLY74 ,ALL M>KET DECISIONS >E CRUCIALLY CONDITION$ BY ! PUR*AS+ P[] - NOT EV]YONE CAN WORK 7! SICK1 ! V]Y OLD1 *ILDR5 & SO =?7 &1 = ?OSE :O CAN1 P]SONAL CIRCUM/ANCES MAY IMPACT ON !IR ABILITY TO LABOR4 ,WE NE$ TO RECOGNIZE ! NE$S ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 DO NOT ALWAYS CORRESPOND TO !IR DE$S4 ,:ILE ECONOMIC DI/RESS WILL BE LESS 9 A NON-CAPITALI/ M>KET SY/EM1 IT /ILL W\LD EXI/ AS W\LD ! FE> ( IT & ! M>KET SY/EM IS ! WOR/ ONE = ALLOCAT+ RES\RCES :5 PUR*AS+ P[] IS UNEQUALLY DI/RIBUT$4 

,SO !RE >E C]TA9 FEATURES ( M>KETS >E UNDESIRABLE REG>DLESS ( :E!R !Y >E CAPITALI/ OR NOT4 ,?IS IS :Y MO/ AN>*I/S TODAY >GUE = NO M>KETS1 = ! ABOLITION ( MONEY OR EQUIVAL5TS4 ,9 %ORT3 NO WAGE LABOR ,& NO WAGES SY/EM 70,FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR ABILITIES1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S074 

,TO CONCLUDE1 MUTUALISM & COMMUNI/-AN>*ISM %>E MANY ?+S 9 COMMON4 ,BO? CAN AGRE$ ON ! NE$ TO BUILD ALT]NATIVES SU* AS CO-OP]ATIVES 9 ! H]E & N[4 ,H[EV]1 = ! LATT] ?IS IS NOT 5\< 9 ITSELF4 ,:ILE !Y MAY MAKE LIFE BETT] UND] CAPITALISM & %[ ?AT WE DO NOT NE$ TO LIVE LIKE COGS 9 ! MA*9E ( ECONOMIC GR[?1 !Y WILL NEV] TRANS=M CAPITALISM4 ,9 FACT1 RA!R ?AN *ANGE ! SY/EM IT IS F> MORE LIKELY ?AT ! SY/EM WILL *ANGE !M AS !Y ADAPT TO M>KET =CES 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 

,:AT WE NE$ TO DO IS TO CREATE A CULTURE ( RESI/ANCE 9 \R WORKPLACES & COMMUNITIES1 A MOVEM5T :I*1 :ILE FI<T+ CAPITALISM1 SEEKS TO REPLACE IT4 ,9 %ORT1 MUTUALISM IS NOT 5\< - WE NE$ REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,MUTUALISM1 YES & NO -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,MUTUALISM1 YES & NO -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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