,*APT] #ab 
,B5EA? ! ,SURFACE 

#aibcaibc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,J]ZY ,KOCIATKIEWICZ1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,*,A,P,T,] ,X,I,I 

,B,5,E,A,? ,! ,S,U,R,F,A,C,E 

,! T]RIBLE /ORY ,I HAD BE5 LI/5+ TO = TWO WEEKS BROKE OV] ME LIKE A /ORM4 ,WAS ?IS ! ,REVOLUTION ,I HAD BELIEV$ 9 ALL MY LIFE1 YE>N$ =1 & /ROVE TO 9T]E/ O!RS 91 OR WAS IT A C>ICATURE --A HIDE\S MON/] ?AT HAD COME TO JE] & MOCK ME8 ,! ,COMMUNI/S ,I HAD MET DAILY DUR+ SIX MON?S --SELF-SACRIFIC+1 H>D-WORK+ M5 & WOM5 IMBU$ ) A HI< IDEAL --W]E SU* PEOPLE CAPABLE ( ! TREA*]Y & HORRORS *>G$ AGA9/ !M8 ,Z9OVIEV1 ,RADEK1 ,ZOR91 ,RAVIT*1 & MANY O!RS ,I HAD LE>N$ TO KN[ --C\LD !Y 9 ! NAME ( AN IDEAL LIE1 DEFAME1 TORTURE1 KILL8 ,BUT1 !N --HAD NOT ,ZOR9 TOLD ME ?AT CAPITAL PUNI%M5T HAD BE5 ABOLI%$ 9 ,RUSSIA8 ,YET ,I LE>N$ %ORTLY AFT] MY >RIVAL ?AT HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE HAD BE5 %OT ON ! V]Y EVE ( ! DAY :5 ! NEW DECREE W5T 9TO EFFECT1 & ?AT AS A MATT] ( FACT %OOT+ BY ! ,T*EKA HAD NEV] CEAS$4 

,?AT MY FRI5DS W]E NOT EXAGG]AT+ :5 !Y SPOKE ( TORTURES BY ! ,T*EKA1 ,I ALSO LE>N$ FROM O!R S\RCES4 ,COMPLA9TS AB\T ! FE>FUL CONDITIONS 9 ,PETROGRAD PRISONS HAD BECOME SO NUM]\S ?AT ,MOSC[ WAS APPRIZ$ ( ! SITUATION4 ,A ,T*EKA 9SPECTOR CAME TO 9VE/IGATE4 ,! PRISON]S BE+ AFRAID TO SPEAK1 IMMUNITY WAS PROMIS$ !M4 ,BUT NO SOON] HAD ! 9SPECTOR LEFT ?AN ONE ( ! 9MATES1 A Y\NG BOY1 :O HAD BE5 V]Y \TSPOK5 AB\T ! BRUTALITIES PRACTIC$ BY ! ,T*EKA1 WAS DRAGG$ \T ( HIS CELL & CRUELLY BEAT54 

,:Y DID ,ZOR9 RESORT TO LIES8 ,SURELY HE MU/ HAVE KN[N ?AT ,I W\LD NOT REMA9 9 ! D>K V]Y LONG4 ,& !N1 WAS NOT ,L59 ALSO GUILTY ( ! SAME ME?ODS8 0,AN>*I/S ( IDEAS .<IDEYNI.> >E NOT 9 \R PRISONS10 HE HAD ASSUR$ ME4 ,YET AT ?AT V]Y MOM5T NUM]\S ,AN>*I/S FILL$ ! JAILS ( ,MOSC[ & ,PETROGRAD & ( MANY O!R CITIES 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,9 ,MAY1 #a#i#b1 SCORES ( !M HAD BE5 >RE/$ 9 ,PETROGRAD1 AMONG !M TWO GIRLS ( SEV5TE5 & N9ETE5 YE>S ( AGE4 ,NONE ( ! PRISON]S W]E *>G$ ) C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES3 !Y W]E 0,AN>*I/S ( IDEAS10 TO USE ,L59'S EXPRESSION4 ,SEV]AL ( !M HAD ISSU$ A MANIFE/O = ! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY1 CALL+ ATT5TION TO ! APPALL+ CONDITIONS 9 ! FACTORIES ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC4 ,! TWO Y\NG GIRLS :O HAD CIRCULAT$ A H&BILL AGA9/ ! 0LABOR BOOK10 :I* HAD !N JU/ GONE 9TO EFFECT1 W]E ALSO >RE/$4 

,! LABOR BOOK WAS H]ALD$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI AS ONE ( ! GREAT ,COMMUNI/ A*IEVEM5TS4 ,IT W\LD E/ABLI% EQUALITY & ABOLI% P>ASITISM1 IT WAS CLAIM$4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! LABOR BOOK WAS SOME:AT *>ACT] ( ! YELL[ TICKET ISSU$ TO PRO/ITUTES UND] ! ,CZ>I/ REGIME4 ,IT WAS A RECORD ( EV]Y /EP ONE MADE1 & )\T IT NO /EP C\LD BE MADE4 ,IT B\ND ITS HOLD] TO HIS JOB1 TO ! CITY HE LIV$ 91 & TO ! ROOM HE OCCUPI$4 ,IT RECORD$ ONE'S POLITICAL FAI? & P>TY ADH]5CE1 & ! NUMB] ( TIMES >RE/$4 ,9 %ORT1 A YELL[ TICKET4 ,EV5 SOME ,COMMUNI/S RES5T$ ! DEGRAD+ 9NOVATION4 ,! ,AN>*I/S :O PROTE/$ AGA9/ IT W]E >RE/$ BY ! ,T*EKA4 ,:5 C]TA9 LEAD+ ,COMMUNI/S W]E APPROA*$ 9 ! MATT] !Y REPEAT$ :AT ,L59 HAD SAID3 0,NO ,AN>*I/S ( IDEAS >E 9 \R PRISONS40 

,! AUREOLE WAS FALL+ FROM ! ,COMMUNI/S4 ,ALL ( !M SEEM$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ! 5D JU/IFI$ ! MEANS4 ,I RECALL$ ! /ATEM5TS ( ,RADEK AT ! FIR/ ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 :5 HE RELAT$ TO HIS AUDI5CE ! 0M>VEL\S SPREAD ( ,COMMUNISM0 9 ,AM]ICA4 0,FIFTY ?\S& ,COMMUNI/S >E 9 ,AM]ICAN PRISONS10 HE EXCLAIM$40 ,MOLLY ,/IM]1 A GIRL ( EI<TE51 & H] MALE COMPANIONS1 ALL ,COMMUNI/S1 HAD BE5 DEPORT$ FROM ,AM]ICA = !IR ,COMMUNI/ ACTIVITIES40 ,I ?\<T AT ! TIME ?AT ,RADEK WAS MIS9=M$4 ,YET IT SEEM$ /RANGE ?AT HE DID NOT MAKE SURE ( HIS FACTS BE=E MAK+ SU* ASS]TIONS4 ,!Y W]E DI%ONE/ & AN 9SULT TO ,MOLLY ,/IM] & H] ,AN>*I/ COMRADES1 ADD$ TO ! 9JU/ICE !Y HAD SUFF]$ AT ! H&S ( ! ,AM]ICAN PLUTOCRACY4 

,DUR+ ! PA/ SEV]AL MON?S ,I HAD SE5 & HE>D 5\< TO BECOME SOME:AT CONV]SANT ) ! ,COMMUNI/ PSY*OLOGY1 AS WELL AS ) ! !ORIES & ME?ODS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,I WAS NO LONG] SURPRIS$ AT ! /ORY ( !IR D\BLE-DEAL+ ) ,MAKHNO1 ! BRUTALITIES PRACTIC$ BY ! ,T*EKA1 ! LIES ( ,ZOR94 ,I HAD COME TO REALIZE ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S BELIEV$ IMPLICITLY 9 ! ,JESUITIC =MULA ?AT ! 5D JU/IFIES ALL MEANS4 ,9 FACT1 !Y GLORI$ 9 ?AT =MULA4 ,ANY SUGGE/ION ( ! VALUE ( HUMAN LIFE1 QUALITY ( *>ACT]1 ! IMPORTANCE ( REVOLUTION>Y 9TEGRITY AS ! BASIS ( A NEW SOCIAL ORD]1 WAS REPUDIAT$ AS 0B\RGEOIS S5TIM5TALITY10 :I* HAD NO PLACE 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y S*EME ( ?+S4 ,= ! ,BOL%EVIKI ! 5D TO BE A*IEV$ WAS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE1 OR ! SO-CALL$ ,DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,PROLET>IAT4 ,EV]Y?+ :I* ADVANC$ ?AT 5D WAS JU/IFIABLE & REVOLUTION>Y4 ,! ,L59S1 ,RADEKS1 & ,ZOR9S W]E !RE=E QUITE CONSI/5T4 ,OBSESS$ BY ! 9FALLIBILITY ( !IR CRE$1 GIV+ ( !MSELVES TO ! FULLE/1 !Y C\LD BE BO? H]OIC & DESPICABLE AT ! SAME TIME4 ,!Y C\LD WORK TW5TY H\RS A DAY1 LIVE ON H]R+ & TEA1 & ORD] ! SLAU<T] ( 9NOC5T M5 & WOM54 ,OCCASIONALLY !Y S\<T TO MASK !IR KILL+S BY PRET5D+ A 0 MISUND]/&+10 = DOESN'T ! 5D JU/IFY ALL MEANS8 ,!Y C\LD EMPLOY TORTURE & D5Y ! 9QUISITION !Y C\LD LIE & DEFAME1 & CALL !MSE IDEALI/S4 ,9 %ORT1 !Y C\LD MAKE !MSELVES & O!RS BELIEVE ?AT EV]Y?+ WAS LEGITIMATE & RI<T FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y VIEWPO9T2 ANY O!R POLICY WAS WEAK1 S5TIM5TAL1 OR A BETRAYAL ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,ON A C]TA9 OCCASION1 :5 ,I PASS$ CRITICISM ON ! BRUTAL WAY DELICATE WOM5 W]E DRIV5 9TO ! /REETS TO %OVEL SN[1 9SI/+ ?AT EV5 IF !Y HAD BELONG$ TO ! B\RGEOISIE !Y W]E HUMAN1 & ?AT PHYSICAL FITNESS %\LD BE TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION1 A ,COMMUNI/ SAID TO ME3 0,Y\ %\LD BE A%AM$ ( Y\RSELF2 Y\1 AN OLD REVOLUTIONI/1 & YET SO S5TIM5TAL40 ,IT WAS ! SAME ATTITUDE ?AT SOME ,COMMUNI/S ASSUM$ T[>D ,ANGELICA ,BALABANOVA1 BECAUSE %E WAS ALWAYS SOLICIT\S & EAG] TO HELP :]EV] POSSIBLE4 ,9 %ORT1 ,I HAD COME TO SEE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI W]E SOCIAL PURITANS :O S9C]ELY BELIEV$ ?AT !Y ALONE W]E ORDA9$ TO SAVE MANK9D4 ,MY RELATIONS ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI BECAME MORE /RA9$1 MY ATTITUDE T[>D ! ,REVOLUTION AS ,I F\ND IT MORE CRITICAL4 

,ONE ?+ GREW QUITE CLE> TO ME3 ,I C\LD NOT AFFILIATE MYSELF ) ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T2 ,I C\LD NOT ACCEPT ANY WORK :I* W\LD PLACE ME UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,COMMUNI/ MA*9E4 ,! ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,$UCATION WAS SO ?OR\<LY DOM9AT$ BY ?AT MA*9E ?AT IT WAS HOPELESS TO EXPECT ANY?+ BUT R\T9E WORK4 ,9 FACT1 UNLESS ONE WAS A ,COMMUNI/ ONE C\LD ACCOMPLI% ALMO/ NO?+4 ,I HAD BE5 EAG] TO JO9 ,LUNA*>SKY1 :OM ,I CONSID]$ ONE ( ! MO/ CULTIVAT$ & LEA/ DOGMATIC ( ! ,COMMUNI/S 9 HI< POSITION4 ,BUT ,I BECAME CONV9C$ ?AT ,LUNA*>SKY HIMSELF WAS A HELPLESS COG 9 ! MA*9E1 HIS BE/ EF=TA CON/ANTLY CURTAIL$ & *ECK$4 ,I HAD ALSOLE>N$ A GREAT DEAL AB\T ! SY/EM ( FAV\RTISM & GRAFT ?AT PREVAIL$ 9 ! MANAGEM5T ( ! S*OOLS & ! TREATM5T ( *ILDR54 ,SOME S*OOLS W]E 9 SPL5DID CONDITION1 ! *ILDR5 WELL F$ & WELL CLAD1 5JOY+ CONC]TS1 !ATRICALS1 DANCES1 & O!R AMUSEM5TS4 ,BUT ! MAJORITY ( ! S*OOL *ILDR5'S HOMES W]E SQUALID1 DIRTY1 & NEGLECT$4 ,?OSE 9 *>GE ( ! 0PREF]R$ S*OOLS HAD LITTLE DIFFICULTY 9 PROCUR+ ?+ NE$$ = !IR *ANGES1 (T5 HAV+ AN OV]-SUPPLY4 ,BUT ! C>ETAK]S ( ! COMMON S*OOLS W\LD WA/E !IR TIME & 5]GIES BY ! WEEK GO+ AB\T FROM ONE DEP>TM5T TO ANO!R1 DISC\RAG$ & FA9T ) 5DLESS WAIT+ BE=E !Y C\LD OBTA9 ! M]E/ NECESSITIES4 

,AT FIR/ ,I ASCRIB$ ?IS CONDITION ( AFFAIRS TO ! SC>CITY ( FOOD & MAT]IALS4 ,I HE>D IT SAID (T5 5\< ?AT ! BLOCKADE & 9T]V5TION W]E RESPONSIBLE4 ,TO A L>GE EXT5T ?AT WAS TRUE4 ,HAD ,RUSSIA NOT BE5 SO />VES1 MISMANAGEM5T & GRAFT W\LD NOT HAVE HAD SU* FATAL RESULTS4 ,BUT ADD$ TO ! PREVAL5T SC>CITY ( ?+S WAS ! DOM9ANT NOTION ( ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A4 ,EV5 ! *ILDR5 HAD TO S]VE ?AT 5D4 ,! WELL-KEPT S*OOLS W]E = %[1 = ! =EIGN MISSIONS & DELEGATES :O W]E VISIT+ ,RUSSIA4 ,EV]Y?+ WAS LAVI%$ ON !SE %[ S*OOLS AT ! CO/ ( ! O!RS4 

,I REMEMB]$ H[ EV]YBODY WAS />TL$ 9 ,PETROGRAD BY AN >TICLE 9 ! ,PETROGRAD ,PRAVDA ( ,MAY1 DISCLOS+ APPALL+ CONDITIONS 9 ! S*OOLS4 ,A COMMITTEE ( ! ,Y\NG ,COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATIONS 9VE/IGAT$ SOME ( ! 9/ITUTIONS4 ,!Y F\ND ! *ILDR5 DIRTY1 FULL ( V]M91 SLEEP+ ON FIL?Y MATTRESSES1 F$ ON MIS]ABLE FOOD1 PUNI%$ BY BE+ LOCK$ 9 D>K ROOMS = ! NI<T1 =C$ TO GO )\T !IR SUPP]S1 & EV5 BEAT54 ,! NUMB] ( (FICIALS & EMPLOYES 9 ! S*OOLS WAS NO?+ LESS ?AN CRIM9AL4 ,9 ONE S*OOL1 = 9/ANCE1 !RE W]E #a* ( !M TO #abe *ILDR54 ,9 ANO!R1 #d TO #be *ILDR54 ,ALL !SE P>ASITES W]E TAK+ ! BREAD FROM ! V]Y M\?S ( ! UN=TUNATE *ILDR54 

,! ,ZOR9S HAD SPOK5 TO ME REPEAT$LY ( ,LILL9A1 ! WOMAN 9 *>GE ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,$UCATIONAL ,DEP>TM5T4 ,%E WAS A WOND]FUL WORK]1 !Y SAID1 DEVOT$ & ABLE4 ,I HAD HE>D H] SPEAK ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS1 BUT WAS NOT IMPRESS$3 %E LOOK$ PRIM & SELF-SATISFI$1 A TYPICAL ,PURITAN S*OOLMA'AM4 ,BUT ,I W\LD NOT =M AN OP9ION UNTIL ,I HAD TALK$ ) H]4 ,AT ! PUBLICATION ( ! S*OOL DISCLOSURES ,I DECID$ TO SEE ,LILL9A4 ,WE CONV]S$ OV] AN H\R AB\T ! S*OOLS 9 H] *>GE1 AB\T $UCATION 9 G5]AL1 ! PROBLEM ( DEFECTIVE *ILDR5 & !IR TREATM5T4 ,%E MADE LI<T ( ! ABUSES 9 H] S*OOLS1 CLAIM+ ?AT 0! Y\NG COMRADES HAD EXAGG]AT$ ! DEFECTS40 ,AT ANY RATE1 %E ADD$1 ! GUILTY HAD ALREADY BE5 REMOV$ FROM ! S*OOLS4 

,SIMIL>LY TO MANY O!R RESPONSIBLE ,COMMUNI/S ,LILL9A WAS CONSECRAT$ TO H] WORK & GAVE ALL H] TIME & 5]GIES TO IT4 ,NATURALLY1 %E C\LD NOT P]SONALLY OV]SEE EV]Y?+2 ! %[ S*OOLS BE+ ! MO/ IMPORTANT 9 H] E/IMATION1 %E DEVOT$ MO/ ( H] TIME TO !M4 ,! O!R S*OOLS W]E LEFT 9 ! C>E ( H] NUM]\S ASSI/ANTS1 :OSE FITNESS = ! WORK WAS JUDG$ L>GELY ACCORD+ TO !IR POLITICAL USEFULNESS4 ,\R TALK /R5G!N$ MY CONVICTION ?AT ,I C\LD HAVE NO P>T 9 ! WORK ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,BO>D ( ,$UCATION4 

,! ,BO>D ( ,HEAL? (F]$ AS LITTLE OPPORTUNITY = REAL S]VICE --S]VICE ?AT %\LD NOT DISCRIM9ATE 9 FAVOR ( %[ HOSPITALS OR ! POLITICAL VIEWS ( ! PATI5TS4 ,?IS PR9CIPLE ( DISCRIM9ATION PREVAIL$1 UN=TUNATELY1 EV5 9 ! SICK ROOMS4 ,LIKE ALL ,COMMUNI/ 9/ITUTIONS1 ! ,BO>D ( ,HEAL? WAS HEAD$ BY A POLITICAL ,COMMISS>1 ,DOCTOR ,P]VUKH94 ,HE WAS ANXI\S TO SECURE MY ASSI/ANCE1 PROPOS+ TO PUT ME 9 *>GE ( FACTORY1 DISP5S>Y1 OR DI/RICT NURS+ --A V]Y FLATT]+ & TEMPT+ (F]1 & ONE ?AT APPEAL$ TO ME /RONGLY4 ,I HAD SEV]AL CONF]5CES ) ,DOCTOR ,P]VUKH91 BUT !Y L$ TO NO PRACTICAL RESULT4 

,:5EV] ,I VISIT$ HIS DEP>TM5T ,I F\ND GR\PS ( M5 & WOM5 WAIT+1 5DLESSLY WAIT+4 ,!Y W]E DOCTORS & NURSES1 MEMB]S ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA --NONE ( !M ,COMMUNI/S --:O W]E EMPLOY$ 9 V>I\S M$ICAL BRAN*ES1 BUT !IR TIME & 5]GIES W]E BE+ WA/$ 9 ! WAIT+ ROOMS ( ,DOCTOR ,P]VUKH91 ! POLITICAL ,COMMISS>4 ,!Y W]E A SORRY LOT1 DISPIRIT$ & DEJECT$1 ?OSE M5 & WOM51 ONCE ! FL[] ( ,RUSSIA4 ,WAS ,I TO JO9 ?IS TRAGIC PROCESSION1 SUBMIT TO ! POLITICAL YOKE8 ,NOT UNTIL ,I %\LD BECOME CONV9C$ ?AT ! YOKE WAS 9DISP5SABLE TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS W\LD ,I CONS5T TO IT4 ,I FELT ?AT ,I MU/ FIR/ SECURE WORK ( A NONP>TIZAN *>ACT]1 WORK ?AT W\LD 5ABLE ME TO /UDY CONDITIONS 9 ,RUSSIA & GET 9TO DIRECT T\* ) ! PEOPLE1 ! WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,ONLY !N %\LD ,I BE ABLE TO F9D MY WAY \T ( ! *AOS ( D\BT & M5TAL ANGUI% ?AT ,I HAD FALL5 PREY TO4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibb 3 ,*APT] #ab -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #ab -- ,ADD$4 

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