,MY ,SOCIAL ,CR$O 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GRIGORI ,PETROVIT* ,MAXIM(F 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY KRY/O.-,O1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE  

0,I BELIEVE ?AT IT BEHOOVES EV]Y HONE/ 9DIVIDUAL TO URGE ! TOIL+ MASSES NOT TO LET ! FLAMES ( REVOLUTION BE EXT+UI%$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !IR ORBIT %\LD BE WID5$1 ?R\< A /IMULAT$ AL]TNESS & 9DEP5D5CE & ! CREATION ( FREE LABOR 9/ITUTIONS4 ,!SE %\LD BE ( A TYPE SUITABLE TO TAKE 9TO ! WORK]S' [N H&S1 ON ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM1 ! ORGANIZATION ( A FREE LIFE UPON ! JU/ PR9CIPLES ( DIGNIFI$ WORK40 

,MY ,VIEW ( ,CAPITALISM 

,AT ! BASE ( CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALI/ SOCIETY LIES ! PR9CIPLE ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 [+ TO :I* SOCIETY IS DIVID$ 9TO TWO FUNDAM5TAL CLASSES -- ! CAPITALI/S & ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! =M] & LESS NUM]\S CLASS POSSESSES ALL ! CAPITAL1 ! TOOLS &-MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 :ILE ! LATT] & MORE NUM]\S CLASS IS DEPRIV$ ( ALL !SE & POSSESSES ONLY ITS LABOR-P[]1 BO? PHYSICAL & 9TELLECTUAL4 ,UND] ! PRESSURE ( NE$1 ! WORK+ CLASS SELLS ?IS P[] TO ! CAPITALI/S AT A PRICE BEL[ ITS REAL VALUE2 ! UNREMUN]AT$ P>T ( LABOR P[] F9DS ITS WAY1 9 ! =M ( SURPLUS VALUE1 9TO ! POCKETS ( ! CAPITALI/S4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! LATT] CLASS IS 9 POSSESSION ( FABUL\S WEAL?1 :ILE ! PROLET>IAT & K9DR$ SOCIAL GR\PS >E AFFLICT$ BY DIRE POV]TY4 ,?IS CONTRA/ /&S \T MO/ BOLDLY 9 C\NTRIES ( HI<LY DEVELOP$ CAPITALISM4 ,?IS CONTEMPOR>Y ECONOMIC ORD] IS DEF5D$ BY ! 5TIRE MI<T ( ! /ATE1 ) ITS MORALITY & ITS RELIGIONS4 

,CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS COMMODITY PRODUCTION2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ITS PRODUCTS >E MADE = ! M>KET4 ,! M>KET IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT FEATURE ( ! SY/EM ( DI/RIBUT+ GOODS UND] CAPITALISM4 ,9 SU* A SOCIETY1 EV]Y?+ IS BAS$ ON PUR*ASE & SALE4 ,! PEOPLE1 SELL+ TO ! CAPITALI/S !IR PHYSICAL & 9TELLECTUAL 5]GY1 >E A K9D ( COMMODITY -- A LIV+ COMMODITY -- & ! RESULTS ( !IR ACTIVITIES1 BO? 9 ! MAT]IAL FIELD & 9 ! DOMA9S ( SCI5CE1 >T & MORALS1 >E ALSO M>KETABLE GOODS4 ,H5CE A SMALL GR\P ( EXPLOIT]S 5JOYS ! GREAT] %>E ( ! FRUITS ( MOD]N SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY1 ! FRUITS -- 9 O!R WORDS -- ( ! PROGRESS ( MANK9D AS A :OLE4 

,[+ TO ! ECONOMIC 9EQUALITY ( ! TWO P>TIES1 ! PR9CIPLES ( FREE LABOR & VOLUNT>Y CONTRACT1 9H]5T 9 ! HIRE ( WORK]S1 >E ADVANTAGE\S ONLY TO ! CAPITALI/S1 & ANY ATTEMPT ON ! P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT TO EQUALIZE ! CONDITIONS ( ! TWO P>TIES TO ! AGREEM5T RESULTS 9 P]SECUTION BY ! /ATE1 :I* IS 9T5T ON DEF5D+ ! PRIVILEGES ( CAPITAL4 

,SCI5TIFIC & TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS LEADS TO AN 5ORM\S ME*ANIZATION ( PRODUCTION1 & ?IS PROCESS1 9 TURN1 RESULTS 9 ! CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL & ! PROLET>IANIZATION ( ! POPULATION4 ,! ME*ANIZATION ( PRODUCTION MAKES ! CAPITALI/S 9CREAS+LY 9DEP5D5T ( MANP[]1 & 5ABLES !M TO EXPLOIT ! SOCIALLY WEAK] ELEM5TS AMONG ! PEOPLE -- *ILDR51 WOM5 & ! AG$4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 9 ! WAKE ( ME*ANIZATION !RE APPE>S GR[+ UNEMPLOYM5T1 :I* 9 DUE C\RSE MAKES LABOR EV5 MORE DEP5D5T ON CAPITAL1 ?US 5HANC+ ! EXPLOITATION & DE/ITUTION ( ! WORK]S4 ,PRES5T-DAY 9DU/RIAL TE*NIQUES MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO PRODUCE 9 A %ORT] TIME MORE ?AN IS REQUIR$ TO COV] ! NE$S ( ALL HUMANITY4 ,YET MANY MILLIONS >E 9 NO POSITION TO SATISFY !IR MO/ ELEM5T>Y NE$S ( FOOD1 CLO?+ & %ELT]1 & >E UNABLE TO PUT TO USE !IR P[]S & ABILITIES1 S9CE UNEMPLOYM5T1 =M]LY A RECURR5T CONDITION1 HAS BECOME A P]MAN5T PH5OM5ON4 

,9 SU* A SITUATION1 ! PEOPLE S9K /EADILY 9TO ! ABYSS ( LA/+ POV]TY [+ TO !IR LACK ( PUR*AS+ P[]4 ,9NUM]ABLE W>EH\SES >E FILL$ ) UNSOLD W>ES1 :ILE O!R GOODS >E DE/ROY$ SO AS TO PREV5T A SLUMP 9 M>KET PRICES4 ,PRODUCTION COMES TO A /&/ILL1 UNEMPLOYM5T 9CREASES1 ! DE/ITUTION & POLITICAL OPPRESSION ( ! PEOPLE REA* AN UNPREC$5T$ 9T5SITY1 & B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY TURNS 9TO OP5 DICTATOR%IP1 *>ACT]IZ$ BY AN IRRESPONSIBLE & HI<H&$ RULE ( ! POLICE4 ,) A VIEW TO =E/ALL+ AN 9EVITABLE ECONOMIC CRISIS1 & AT ! SAME TIME 9 ! HOPE ( G>N]+ L>GE =TUNES1 CAPITALI/S 5GAGE 9 AN 9T5SIFI$ SE>* = =EIGN M>KETS4 ,COMPETITION ) CAPITALI/S ( O!R L&S 5SUES1 & 9 ! MEANTIME ! RUL+ CLASSES ( ! V>I\S C\NTRIES 5DEAVOR TO PUT DI/ANT M>KETS UND] !IR MONOPOLI/IC CONTROL ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( !IR RESPECTIVE /ATES1 SO ?AT ! GOV]NM5TS READILY (F] !IR >MIES & NAVIES = ! FUR!R+ ( CAPITALI/ AMBITIONS4 ,?IS IS ! PRELUDE TO W>1 & 9 ?IS V]Y WAY ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> 7#a#i#a#d-#a#h7 ORIG9AT$4 ,= ! SAME REASON WE >E TODAY 7#a#i#c#c7 WITNESS+ ! >M$ PILLAGE1 ACCOMPANI$ BY MASS KILL+1 ( ! PEACE-LOV+ POPULACE ( ,*9A4 ,CAPITALISM IS ?US ! MA9 S\RCE ( W>2 AS LONG AS IT EXI/S NO 5D TO CONFLICT CAN BE SE54 

,*AOTIC PRODUCTION & UNORGANIZ$1 UNCONTROLL$ COMPETITION = M>KETS HAVE COMPELL$ ! CAPITALI/S TO =M P[]FUL MONOPOLI/IC ASSOCIATIONS1 FREQU5TLY ON AN 9T]NATIONAL SCALE -- TRU/S1 C>TELS & SYNDICATES4 ,FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY !SE ASSOCIATIONS HAVE GA9$ COLOSSAL 9FLU5CE OV] ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE ( EV]Y C\NTRY ) A HI<LY DEVELOP$ 9DU/RY & S9CE ?AT TIME ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM HAS TAK5 ! C\RSE ( M]G+ 9DU/RIAL & F9ANCIAL CAPITAL4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 CAPITALISM HAS 5T]$ UPON A NEW /AGE ( ITS GR[?1 A /AGE CALL$ ! P]IOD ( IMP]IALISM4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 FEATURES ( ?IS PHASE IS ! /EADILY GR[+ SUPREMACY ( F9ANCIAL OV] 9DU/RIAL CAPITAL4 ,AT PRES5T ?IS SUPREMACY HAS ASSUM$ ! =M ( A DICTATOR%IP ( BANKS & /OCK EX*ANGES2 9 O!R WORDS1 A DICTATOR%IP ( ! PLUTOCRACY4 ,IMP]IALISM IS ! F9AL /AGE ( CAPITALISM'S EXPANSION2 BEYOND :I* ! ULTIMATE PROCESS ( ITS DECL9E & DECAY WILL 9EVITABLY TAKE PLACE4 

,! MOD]N PH5OM5ON ( IMP]IALISM1 !N1 IS ! /AGE ( FULLY MATURE CAPITALISM1 :]E9 F9ANCE OCCUPIES ALL ! COMM&+ POSITIONS & WE !RE=E LIVE 9 A TIME :5 CAPITALISM1 HAV+ ATTA9$ ! GOAL ( ITS DEVELOPM5T1 HAS />T$ ON ! ROAD ( DEGRADATION & DIS9TEGRATION4 ,?IS PROCESS ( DECL9E DATES FROM ! TIME JU/ AFT] ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 & IT HAS-ASSUM$ ! =M ( 9CREAS+LY ACUTE & GR[+ ECONOMIC CRISES1 :I*1 DUR+ REC5T YE>S1 HAVE SPRUNG UP SIMULTANE\SLY 9 ! C\NTRIES ( ! VICTORS & ! VANQUI%$4 ,AT ! TIME ( WRIT+ 7#a#i#c#c-#c#d7 ! CRISIS HAS ATTACK$ NE>LY EV]Y C\NTRY 9 A V]ITABLE WORLD CRISIS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,ITS PROLONG$ NATURE & ITS UNIV]SAL SCOPE CAN 9 NO WAY BE ACC\NT$ = BY ! !ORY ( P]IODICAL CAPITALI/ CRISES4 ,MU* RA!R DO !SE FEATURES SIGNIFY ! BEG9N+ ( A DEG5]ATIVE PROCESS )9 ! SY/EM ITSELF1 A PROCESS ( DISSOLUTION :I* REACTS PA9FULLY ON ! VA/ TOIL+ MASSES ( HUMANITY1 & IS B\ND1 9 ! FUTURE1 TO DO SO 9 A /ILL MORE DRA/IC WAY4 

,! #aibi CRA% ( ! ,NEW ,YORK /OCK EX*ANGE 7AN EV5T ( WORLD WIDE SIGNIFICANCE7 9EVITABLY PLUNG$ 9TO BANKRUPTCY 9NUM]ABLE SMALL & M$IUM-SIZ$ 9DU/RIAL CONC]NS4 ,IT RU9$ A MULTITUDE ( F9ANCIAL & COMM]CIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 & BR\<T AB\T A TRIUMPHAL ASC5DANCY ( F9ANCIAL CAPITAL1 :I* HAS OV]:ELM+LY SUBORD9AT$ TO ITS CONTROL ! 9DU/RY1 COMM]CE & AGRICULTURE ( \R C\NTRY2 IT BR\<T 9 ITS WAKE VA/ UNEMPLOYM5T & A CATA/ROPHIC IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! BROAD MASSES ( ! PEOPLE4 

,?US ! ,NEW ,YORK /OCK EX*ANGE CRA% MEANT1 FUNDAM5TALLY1 ! WORLD-WIDE E/ABLI%M5T ( AN ABSOLUTE DICTATOR%IP ( F9ANCIAL CAPITAL1 A DICTATOR%IP ( A SMALL GR\P ( POT5TATES :O >E MUTUALLY ANTAGONI/IC ON ACC\NT ( !IR MONET>Y 9T]E/S4 ,YET1 DESPITE ITS 9N] CONTRADICTIONS & NOT)/&+ ALL ! ASS]TIONS ( ! ,M>XIAN ECONOMI/S1 CAPITALISM 9 ITS MOD]N IMP]IALI/IC GUISE HAS MANAG$ TO ELIM9ATE UNORGANIZ$ M>KET COMPETITION & TO GAUGE ACCURATELY ! M>KET'S CAPACITIES4 ,MORE ?AN ?IS1 IT HAS PROV$ CAPABLE ( E/ABLI%+ -- TO USE A ,BOL%EVIK PHRASE -- A 0PLANN$ ECONOMY01 BAS$ ON A CALCULATION ( PUR*AS+ P[]1 AS WELL AS UPON A 0NATIONALIZATION ( PRODUCTION40 ,H[EV]1 ! 9N] CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM C\LD NOT BE REMOV$ 9 ?IS WAY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y HAVE T5D$ TO GR[ & TO BECOME 9CREAS+LY MORE ACUTE4 ,! 0PLANN$ ECONOMY0 ( IMP]IALISM1 ) ITS 0NATIONALIZ$0 PRODUCTION1 F\ND$ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( PRIVATE PROP]TY :OSE DRIV+ =CE IS P]SONAL 9T]E/ & ! ?IR/ = UNLIMIT$ GA9 AT ! EXP5SE ( ! TOIL+ MASSES1 IS ITSELF BECOM+ ! S\RCE ( ! DECL9E ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 ,ITS CALCULATIONS >E BAS$ NOT UPON ! REAL NE$S ( ! PEOPLE1 BUT UPON !IR PUR*AS+ P[]4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) ! FLUCTUATIONS ( ?IS PUR*AS+ P[] ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS IS EXP&$ OR CURTAIL$4 ,BUT1 KEEP+ 9 M9D ! FACT ?AT F9ANCIAL DICTATOR%IP IMPLIES ! RU9 ( NUMB]LESS SMALL & M$IUM SIZ$ PROPRIETORS & 5T]PRIS]S1 & ! CREATION ( MILLIONS ( UNEMPLOY$ AMONG WORK]S :O HAD =M]LY BE5 S]V+ ?OSE MA/]S :O >E NOT DE/ITUTE1 ONE CAN RI<TLY EXPECT ?AT A HEAVY CURTAILM5T ( PRODUCTION MU/ NATURALLY TAKE PLACE4 ,! MAK+ ( GOODS IS CUT 9 PROPORTION TO ! R$UC$ PUR*AS+ P[]1 & ACCORD+LY ! >MY ( ! UNEMPLOY$ 9CREASES1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME ! IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! MASSES /EADILY GR[S4 

,N[1 !RE=E1 9 ORD] TO MAKE GOODS AVAILABLE TO ! IMPOV]I%$ CONSUM]1 CAPITALISM IS =C$ TO L[] PRICES4 ,YET ANY PRICE R$UCTION1 )\T A CONCURR5T DECL9E 9 ! BUS9ESS MAN'S RATE ( PR(IT1 CAN ONLY BE ATTA9$ BY MEANS ( L[]+ ! CO/ ( PRODUCTION1 OR ! CO/-PRICE ( ! PRODUCT4 ,?IS1 9 TURN1 CAN BE A*IEV$1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 BY WAGE CUTS1 I4E4 A /ILL GREAT] IMPOV]I%M5T ( A /ILL GREAT] NUMB] ( PEOPLE1 & SECONDLY1 BY ! RATIONALIZATION ( PRODUCTION ?R\< 9CREAS$ ME*ANIZATION ( PRODUCTION PROCESSES & A LESS] DEP5D5CE ( ! MANUFACTUR] ON MAN-P[]4 ,9 CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS1 A RISE 9 ! NUMB] ( UNEMPLOY$ IS B\ND TO OCCUR ONCE AGA91 ) AN EV] GREAT] CONTRACTION ( ! PEOPLE'S PUR*AS+ P[]4 ,?US TA FUR!R L[]+ ( PRODUCTION RESULTS1 ) ! RECURR5CE ( AN ! CONSEQU5CES BRIEFLY DESCRIB$ ABOVE4 ,H5CE ! 0PLANN$ ECONOMY ' ( CAPITALISM & ITS 0RATIONALIZ$ PRODUCTION0 PROCESS1 AIM$ ESS5TIALLY AT ONE S+LE T>GET -- PRIVATE GA9 -- LEAD LOGICALLY TO AN 9CREAS+LY BRUTAL DICTATOR%IP & TO AN 9T5SIFY+ CONC5TRATION ( F9ANCIAL CAPITAL1 AS WELL AS TO AN UNNECESS>Y CURTAILM5T ( NATIONAL PRODUCTION & CON/ANTLY RIS+ UNEMPLOYM5T & POV]TY4 ,9 %ORT1 CAPITALISM1 :I* HAS GIV5 BIR? TO A NEW SOCIAL SC\RGE1 IS UNABLE TO GET RID ( ITS [N EVIL (FSPR+ )\T KILL+ ITSELF 9 ! PROCESS4 ,! LOGICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS TR5D MU/ UNAVOIDABLY BR+ AB\T ! FOLL[+ DILEMMA3 EI!R A COMPLETE DIS9TEGRATION ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 OR ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM & ! CREATION ( A NEW1 MORE PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL & POLITICAL SY/EM4 ,!RE CAN BE NO O!R ALT]NATIVE4 ,! MOD]N =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION HAS RUN ITS C\RSE & IS PROV+1 9 \R TIMES1 AN OB/ACLE TO HUMAN ADVANCE1 AS WELL AS A S\RCE ( SOCIAL DECAY2 ,?IS \TWORN SY/EM IS !RE=E DUE TO BE RELEGAT$ TO ! MUSEUM ( SOCIAL EVOLUTION>Y RELICS4 

,! DAYS ( CAPITALISM >E NUMB]$4 ,9 ITS ORGANISM ! PROCESS ( DECOMPOSITION MOVES =W>D V]Y RAPIDLY 9DE$4 ,ALL ! CURES1 UND] ! GUISE ( V>I\S RE=MS 7T[>DS :I*1 9CID5TALLY1 CAPITALISM PUTS UP AN OB/9ATE RESI/ANCE7 CAN ONLY PROLONG ! AGONY1 BUT >E USELESS AS A MEANS = FULL RECOV]Y4 ,9 ! PA/1 CAPITALISM W\LD HAVE SAV$ ITSELF FROM DEADLY CRISIS BY SEIZ+ COLONIAL M>KETS & ?OSE ( AGR>IAN NATIONS4 ,N[ADAYS1 MO/ ( ! COLONIES >E !MSELVES COMPET+ 9 ! WORLD M>KET ) ! METROPOLITAN C\NTRIES1 :ILE ! AGR>IAN L&S >E PROCE$+ 9 ! DIRECTION ( 9T5SIVE 9DU/RIALIZATION2 ,= ! SAKE ( !IR [N SECURITY1 BUT ) AN UTT] DISREG>D ( ! PEOPLE'S 9T]E/S1 ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES KEEP ON ]ECT+ HI< T>IFF B>RI]S BETWE5 !MSELVES1 ?US 5DEAVOR+ TO ESCAPE FROM AN 9EVITABLE FATE4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 PROVES ( AS LITTLE AVAIL TO ! MORIBUND SY/EM AS M$IC9E W\LD BE TO A CORPSE4 

,S9CE POLITICAL LIFE IS DET]M9$ BY ECONOMIC =MS1 ! DEG5]ATIVE PROCESS :I* IS TURN+ B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY 9TO DICTATOR%IP IS SELF-EXPLANATORY4 ,) AN ECONOMIC DICTATOR%IP ( F9ANCIAL CAPITAL !RE MU/ >ISE A CORRESPOND+ POLITICAL DICTATOR%IP OV] ! NATION4 ,ACCORD+LY1 WE >E N[ WITNESS+ P>LIAM5TS DEG5]AT+ EI!R 9TO P]SONAL DICTATOR%IPS 7,ITALY1 ,POL&1 ETC47 OR 9TO GR\P DICTATOR%IPS 7,U4,S4,A41 ,FRANCE1 ,G]MANY1 ETC47 ! GOV]NM5T BECOM+ AN OB$I5T & SUBMISSIVE TOOL 9 ! H&S ( BANKS & /OCK EX*ANGES4 ,P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY1 AT PRES5T1 IS NO MORE ?AN A PROTECTIVE COV]+ = DISGUIS$ DICTATOR%IP4 ,& DICTATOR%IP 9 ANY %APE IS M]ELY AN \TW>D SYMPTOM ( ! DISSOLUTION ( ! OLD SOCIAL =M1 AN ATTEMPT ON ! P>T ( ! DY+ CAPITALISM TO /OP ! =W>D M>* ( PROGRESS1 :I*1 DESPITE ALL OB/ACLES1 CLE>S = US ! ROAD ( TRANSITION1 AN UPHILL & N>R[ ROAD1 TO ! MORE P]FECT =MS ( ORGANIZ$ SOCIAL EXI/5CE4 

,MY ,VIEW ( ,/ATE ,COMMUNISM 

,! GREATE/ ATTEMPT 9 ALL HI/ORY TO EFFECT A TRANSITION 9TO A NEW] SOCIAL =M1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g-#b#a1 HAS MADE IT POSSIBLE ACTUALLY TO UND]TAKE ! CON/RUCTION ( /ATE COMMUNISM1 & ?IS EXAMPLE (F]S AN OPPORTUNITY ( DEF9+ & ANALYZ+ ! REGIME ( AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM4 

,ONE ( ITS TYPICAL FEATURES LIES 9 PRODUCTION BE+ BAS$ UPON BUREAUCRATIC RELATION%IPS4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ALL 9/RUM5TS & MEANS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 AS WELL AS ! PEOPLE'S LABOR & ! HUMAN 9DIVIDUAL HIMSELF1 >E 5TIRELY VE/$ 9 ! /ATE1 :I* 9 ITS TURN IS ! EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY ( A SCANTY CLASS ( ,BUREAUCRACY4 ,! RE/ ( ! PEOPLE >E PROLET>IANIZ$ & =C$ TO GIVE !IR LABOR P[] TO /ATE TRU/S1 ?US CREAT+ BY !IR TOIL ! MI<T ( !SE TRU/S & PROVID+ A HI<] ECONOMIC POSITION = ! RUL+ CLASS4 

,! BUREAUCRATIC PRODUCTION RELATION%IPS COV] ! :OLE ( SOCIAL LIFE & PLACE ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ABSOLUTE DEP5D5CE ON ! /ATE1 I4E4 ON ! BUREAUCRACY4 ,! 5TIRE POPULATION IS SUBDIVID$ BY ! /ATE 9TO OCCUPATIONAL GR\PS & IS SUBJECT$ TO ! CONTROL ( A CLASS ( (FICIALS UND] :OM IT IS COMPELL$ TO LABOR4 ,MOREOV]1 ! /ATE CREATES NEW GR\NDS = ECONOMIC 9EQUALITY ?R\< ! PR9CIPLE ( A DIFF]5TIAT$ SCALE ( WAGES 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! DIFF]5CES 9 USEFULNESS ( V>I\S OCCUPATIONS2 IT GRANTS PRIVILEGES1 & REG>DS ! HUMAN P]SON AS NO?+ MORE ?AN A S\RCE ( LABOR P[]4 ,! /ATE1 MOREOV] %UFFLES ! MASS ( LABOR P[] AT WILL OV] ! L5G? & BREAD? ( ! L&1 PAY+ NO ATT5TION TO ANY O!R CIRCUM/ANCES ?AN ITS [N 9T]E/S1 ?US =C+ M5 & WOM5 TO TOIL UND] ! /RICT & RIGOR\S CONDITIONS ( MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E4 

,9 ?IS WAY1 ! /ATE COMMUNE TRANS=MS ! WORK]S 9TO S\LLESS P>TS 9 ! HUGE1 C5TRALIZ$ COMMUNI/ MA*9E1 P>TS :O >E OBLIG$ TO BE DIRECT$ = !IR :OLE LIVES TO A S+LE PURPOSE -- ! MAXIMUM FULFILLM5T ( C]TA9 PRODUCTION TASKS DECRE$ BY ! /ATE1 & :O >E CONDEMN$ TO A M9IMUM FIELD ( 9ITIATIVE1 9DEP5D5T ACTION & P]SONAL *OICE4 ,SU* A /ATE ( AFFAIRS PO/ULATES SOCIAL 9EQUALITY :ILE1 AT ! SAME TIME1 IT RE9=CES ! CLASS /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY & ! PR$OM9ANCE ( ! BUREAUCRACY4 

,AN UNAVOIDABLE RESULT ( ?IS K9D ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IS A /RONG POLICE /ATE1 :I* SUBJUGATES TO ITSELF EV]Y MANIFE/ATION ( ! CITIZ5S' LIVES4 ,/RONG BY REASON ( ITS C5TRALIZ$ P[]1 ! COMMUNI/ /ATE SUBJECTS EV]YBODY TO POLICE REGIM5TATION &1 ) ! HELP ( ESPIONAGE1 KEEPS A VIGILANT EYE UPON EA* & ALL4 ,SU* A SY/EM IS B\ND TO DE/ROY ALL LIB]TY & 9EVITABLY 9/ITUTES /ATE SLAV]Y2 ONE CAN LOOK 9 VA9 = FRE$OM ( ASSOCIATION1 ( ASSEMBLY1 ( KN[L$GE & 5LI<T5M5T & $UCATION1 :ILE ! 9VIOLABILITY ( P]SONAL LIB]TY & ! PRIVACY ( ! HOME >E CONSPICU\SLY ABS5T4 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS SY/EM LEADS 9EVITABLY TO AN EXAC]BATION ( ITS 9N] CONTRADICTIONS1 & JU/ AS UND] PRIVATE CAPITALISM -- TO A CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS1 H[EV]1 A MORE DIFFICULT /RUGGLE1 & ONE :I* IS LIKELY TO BE SUPPRESS$ ) EV5 FI]C] CRUELTY ?AN UND] B\RGEOIS CAPITALISM4 ,! ,RUSSIAN EXP]IM5T1 JUDG$ QUITE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ITS BUILD]S1 HAS FULLY DEMON/RAT$ ! UNWORKABL5ESS ( SU* A REGIME4 

,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 HAV+ SET \T ) LIB]TY & ! LIQUIDATION ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY AS ITS />T+ PO9T1 HAS1 [+ TO ITS REC\RSE TO ! >I/OCRATIC PR9CIPLE ( DICTATOR%IP1 BR\<T US BACK VIA 0MILIT>Y COMMUNISM0 TO ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE1 TO CAPITALISM OR -- MORE CORRECTLY -- TO /ATE CAPITALISM4 

,UND] ! BANKRUPT /ATE CAPITALISM ( ,RUSSIA & ! DISCR$IT$ SOCIALI/ DEMOCRACY ( ,G]MANY1 & ALSO AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! 9T5SIFI$ DECL9E ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 ! FI<T ( ! WORK]S IS GR[+ & EXP&+ AGA9/ ! EXI/+ REGIME & ITS T5D5CY TO REPLACE ! MORIBUND B\RGEOIS WORLD BY A REGIME ( /ATE SLAV]Y4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT A P>TICUL> IMPORTANCE MU/ BE GIV5 TO ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ( ! ,SPANI% PROLET>IAT1 AN EV5T ( ! GREATE/ HI/ORICAL SIGNIFICANCE4 

,MEAN:ILE1 CONT9U\S TE*NICAL PROGRESS1 LEAD+ AS IT DOES TO ! CONSOLIDATION ( 9DU/RIAL CONC]NS & ! SOCIALIZATION ( !IR PRODUCTION1 CREATES ! 9DISP5SABLE MAT]IAL CIRCUM/ANCES = ! TRANSITION ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY BO? FEASIBLE & REALI/IC A SUCCESSFUL SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 :I* IS ! SUPREME GOAL ( ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASSES4 

,:AT ,I ,BELIEVE 

,I BELIEVE ?AT IT BEHOOVES EV]Y HONE/ MAN TO URGE ! TOIL+ MASSES NOT TO LET ! FLAMES ( REVOLUTION BE EXT+UI%$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !IR ORBIT %\LD BE WID5$1 ?R\< A /IMULAT$ AL]TNESS & 9DEP5D5CE & ! CREATION ( FREE LABOR 9/ITUTIONS4 ,!SE %\LD BE ( A TYPE SUITABLE TO TAKE 9TO ! WORK]S' [N H&S1 ON ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM1 ! ORGANIZATION ( A FREE LIFE UPON ! JU/ PR9CIPLES ( DIGNIFI$ WORK4 

,I FULLY AGREE ) ! SLOGAN ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL3 0,! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK]S MU/ BE ! TASK ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES10 & ,I BELIEVE 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE AS A P[]FUL MEANS TO FRE$OM4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! PROLET>IAT IS CAPABLE ( ATTA9+ ITS FULL LIB]TY ONLY ?R\< REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE2 ?AT IS1 BY DIRECT ACTION AGA9/ CAPITALISM & ! /ATE1 & !RE=E ,I AM A REVOLUTION>Y4 

,I BELIEVE ?AT ONLY A /ATELESS =M ( SOCIETY IS COMPATIBLE ) HUMAN PROGRESS1 & ?AT ONLY UND] SU* A =M ( COMMONWEAL? WILL HUMANITY BE ABLE TO ATTA9 FULL LIB]TY1 & !RE=E ,I AM AN AN>*I/4 

,I BELIEVE ?AT AN>*Y AS A POLITICAL =M ( SOCIETY IS ONLY FEASIBLE 9 CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! COMPLETE LIB]TY ( ! CON/ITU5T MEMB]S ( ! SOCIAL BODY1 AS OPPOS$ TO C5TRALIZ$ RULE OV] !M4 ,?IS LIB]TY CAN ONLY BE SAFEGU>D$ ?R\< ! PR9CIPLE ( F$]ALIZATION2 ,!RE=E ,I AM A ,F$]ALI/1 OR1 MORE PRECISELY1 A ,CONF$]ALI/4 

,I BELIEVE ?AT = ! UTMO/ REALIZATION & 9DEP5D5CE )9 A F$]ATION1 ! LATT] MU/ BE =M$ ( PRIM>Y POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?IS K9D ( ORGANIZATION IMPLIES ! SETT+ UP ( COMMUNES4 ,!RE=E1 ,I AM A ,COMMUNALI/4 

,BUT EI!R LIB]TY OR AN>*ISM IS UN?9KABLE UNLESS1 )9 ! COMMUNE1 ! PR9CIPLE ( ! FREE 9DIVIDUAL IS /R+5TLY OBS]V$4 ,SOCIETY HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$ 9 ORD] TO SATISFY ! MANY & DIV]SE NE$S ( ! HUMAN BE+1 & !SE 9DIVIDUAL NE$S >E BY NO MEANS TO BE SC>IFI$ TO ! COMMUNITY4 ,P]SONALITY & ITS 9T]E/S1 & FIR/ ( ALL ITS FRE$OM1 >E ! FUNDAM5TALS ( ! NEW WORLD ( A FREE & CREATIVE SOCIETY ( WORK]S4 ,!RE=E ,I AM AN ,9DIVIDUALI/4 

,I BELIEVE1 H[EV]1 ?AT IT IS NOT 5\< TO 5JOY POLITICAL LIB]TY ALONE4 ,9 ORD] TO BE FREE1 9 ! REAL S5SE ( ! WORD1 ONE MU/ ALSO BE 5D[$ ) ECONOMIC FRE$OM4 ,?IS K9D ( FRE$OM1 ,I AM CONV9C$1 IS UNATTA9ABLE )\T ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! ORGANIZATION ( COMMUNAL PRODUCTION ON ! BASIS ( 0FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITY0 & ( COMMUNAL CONSUMPTION ON ! PR9CIPLE ( 0TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S40 ,!RE=E ,I AM A ,COMMUNI/4 

,I BELIEVE ?AT AN>*ISM & COMMUNISM >E FEASIBLE ON AN 9T]NATIONAL SCALE ONLY1 & ,I DO NOT BELIEVE 9 !M 9 ONE C\NTRY ALONE4 ,!RE=E TO MY M9D IT IS URG5TLY NECESS>Y ?AT ! PROLET>IAT %\LD BE ORGANIZ$ 9 ! =M ( 9T]NATIONAL PRODUC]S' UNIONS 7OR ASSOCIATIONS74 ,I CONSID] ?AT ONLY BY DIRECT ACTION1 BAS$ UPON 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAN SOLID>ITY1 CAN ! RULE ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ! /ATE BE OV]COME1 & ?AT ONLY BY ! 9T]NATIONAL ( PRODUCTIVE WORK]S' UNIONS CAN ! MORIBUND CAPITALI/ WORLD BE SUP]S$$4 ,!RE=E ,I AM AN ,9T]NATIONALI/1 = :OM IT IS ESS5TIAL TO BELONG TO A CLASS & NOT TO A NATIONALITY4 ,YET ,I NEV]!LESS HOLD NATIONALITY 9 HI< E/EEM AS A =M ( COLLECTIVE MANIFE/ATION ( P]SONALITY4 

,! MEANS BY :I* CAPITALISM CAN BE OV]?R[N & COMMUNISM 9/ALL$ & ORGANIZ$ IS ! SEIZURE ( PRODUCTION BY ! PRODUC]S' LABOR UNIONS4 ,!RE=E ,I AM A ,SYNDICALI/4 

,M5 DO NOT LIVE 9 ORD] TO 5GAGE 9 RECIPROCAL MURD]1 BUT = ! SAKE ( CREATION & 5JOYM5T1 ( LEAD+ A FULL1 ABUNDANT & HAPPY EXI/5CE1 BAS$ UPON LIB]TY1 MUTUAL RESPECT & WORK BY EA* = ALL & ALL = EA*4 ,HUMANITY !RE=E ASPIRES UND5IABLY TO PEACE1 :I*1 ALSO1 IS BEYOND ITS REA* AS LONG AS IT LIVES 9 CIRCUM/ANCES ( GOV]NM5T & CAPITALISM :I* LEAD TO P]PETUAL W>F>E4 ,I DEEM IT MY DUTY TO %>E !SE ASPIRATIONS2 ,I AM = WORLD PEACE4 ,BUT ,I KN[ ?AT MANK9D IS ABLE TO ATTA9 PEACE ONLY ?R\< VICTORI\S REVOLUTION>Y CLASS W> AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,?IS ALSO IMPLIES ! ANNIHILATION ( ! CAPITALI/ REGIME ) ALL ITS 9/ITUTIONS1 :I* >E %AMEFUL & (F5SIVE 9 ! EYES ( FRE$OM-LOV+ HUMAN BE+S4 ,ONE AMONG SU* 9/ITUTIONS IS ! >MY1 ) ITS COMPULSORY S]VICE4 ,I AM !RE=E = ! ABOLITION ( >MIES & ( MILIT>Y BUDGETS 9 ALL C\NTRIES4 ,I AM OPPOS$ TO MILIT>ISM1 & CONSEQU5TLY ,I AM AN ,ANTI-,MILIT>I/4 

,! LESSONS ( HI/ORY HAVE CONV9C$ ME ?AT ALL RELIGIONS SANCTIFY & JU/IFY SLAV]Y1 AS WELL AS ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WEAK BY ! /RONG1 & PLACE !IR ,GODS ON ! SIDE ( ?OSE :O REPRES5T PHYSICAL MI<T4 ,RELIGION IS ?US AN OB/ACLE TO HUMAN PROGRESS4 ,BESIDES1 ,I HAVE NO NE$ = DIV9E MORALITY1 & CONSID] HUMAN E?ICS1 D]IV$ FROM 9/9CTS & FOLK CU/OMS1 ! BE/ ( ALL MORAL SY/EMS4 ,RELIGION HAS \TLIV$ ITS RI<T TO EXI/5CE1 & ,I FI<T AGA9/ IT AS A SURVIVAL ( ! PA/4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ,I AM AN ,A!I/4 

,I BELIEVE ?AT ! H\R = ! PRACTICAL REALIZATION ( AN>*ISM HAS /RUCK4 ,AN>*ISM HAS CEAS$ TO BE A ,!ORY & HAS BECOME A PROGRAM1 &1 ACCORD+LY1 IT HAS 5T]$ UPON A ,CON/RUCTIVE P]IOD ( ITS DEVELOPM5T4 ,I COOP]ATE F]V5TLY 9 ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 & SO ,I AM A ,CON/RUCTIONI/4 

,I AM NO MAXIMALI/ 9 AN>*ISM1 S9CE ,I HOLD-9 VIEW ( ALL ! OBJECTIVE FACTORS -- ?AT AN>*ISM CAN H>DLY BE FULLY REALIZ$ AT ONCE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ,I AM NO M9IMALI/ EI!R1 = ,I REG>D IT AS 9EXP$I5T & UNHI/ORICAL TO BREAK UP ! REALIZATION ( AN>*ISM & COMMUNISM 9TO A S]IES ( CONSECUTIVE /EPS 9 IMITATION ( ! SOCIALI/S4 ,!RE=E ,I REJECT ! 0M9IMUM PROGRAM40 ,I WI% TO SEE AN>*ISM BE+ BR\<T TO LIFE TODAY1 BUT ! DEGREE TO :I* AN>*ISM & COMMUNISM W\LD ACTUALLY BE MADE A REALITY1 ,I RELATE DIRECTLY TO ! GIV5 HI/ORICAL MOM5T4 ,!RE=E1 )9 ! PROV9CE ( AN>*ISM1 ,I AM A ,REALI/4 

,MY REALI/IC BELIEF 9 ! SUB/ANTIATION ( AN>*ISM -- N[ & NOT 9 ! REMOTE & 9DEF9ITE FUTURE -- LEADS ME TO ANALYZE ! PRES5T HI/ORICAL TIME AS A :OLE1 & TO D$UCE FROM SU* ANALYSIS ! POSITIVE SCOPE1 NATURE & =M 9 :I* AN>*I/ COMMUNISM CAN BE REALIZ$ UND] ! GIV5 HI/ORICAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,?IS ASS]TION BR+S ME TO PO/ULATE AN 9EVITABLE ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD FROM CAPITALISM TO AN EVOLV+ AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 ,& 9 ?IS WAY ! REALIZATION ( AN>*ISM & COMMUNISM 9 ! GIV5 MOM5T ( HI/ORY ASSUMES1 9 MY VIEW1 ! =M ( A TRANSITIONAL /AGE1 :I* ,I DESIGNATE A ,COMMUNALI/-,SYNDICALI/ REGIME4 ,! NATURE ( ?AT REGIME ,I DEF9E BEL[4 

,MY ,VIEW ( ! ,REALIZATION ( ,AN>*ISM & ,COMMUNISM 

,! FUTURE SOCIAL REVOLUTION MU/ TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT ! 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE 9H]IT$ BY IT FROM CAPITALISM W\LD NOT BE UNI=M 9 ! DEGREES ( DEVELOPM5T ( !IR V>I\S BRAN*ES4 ,ON ! /R5G? ( ?IS SELF-EVID5T FACT ( 9SUFFICI5T MATURITY1 IT MI<T BE IMPRACTICAL TO COMMUNIZE MANY 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES4 ,FUR!RMORE1 !RE >E 5TIRE =MS ( PRODUCTION1 = 9/ANCE AGRICULTURE1 :OSE COMMUNIZATION MI<T PROVE 9ADVISABLE4 

,?OSE TYPES ( PRODUCTION W\LD BE REG>D$ AS RIPE = COMMUNIZATION 9 :I* LABOR HAD ALREADY BE5 SOCIALIZ$ BY CAPITALISM1 )\T ! SOCIALIZATION ( POSSESSIONS HAV+ YET TAK5 PLACE4 ,?IS CATEGORY W\LD UND\BT$LY 9CLUDE ALMO/ ALL BRAN*ES ( ! MANUFACTUR+ & S]VICE 9DU/RIES4 ,BUT ?OSE BRAN*ES 9 :I*1 SIDE BY SIDE ) 9DIVIDUAL LABOR1 !RE W\LD ALSO BE F\ND 9DIVIDUAL POSSESSION1 AS IS ! CASE 9 MANY =MS ( EXTRACTIVE 9DU/RY & P>TICUL>LY 9 F>M+1 W\LD NOT BE CONSID]$ RIPE = COMMUNICATION4 ,H]E ! PA? TO BE FOLL[$ 9 ! TRANSITION TO COMMUNISM IS DIRECTLY OPPOSITE TO ! C\RSE TO BE /E]$ 9 ! MANUFACTUR+ & S]VICE 9DU/RIES4 ,9 ! LATT]1 ! TRANSITION W\LD FOLL[ ?IS ROAD3 FROM COLLECTIVE LABOR ?R\< COLLECTIVE POSSESSION TO COMMUNISM1 :]EAS 9 ! EXTRACTIVE 9DU/RIES ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( POSSESSION \<T TO BE E/ABLI%$ FIR/4 & ONCE ?IS HAD BE5 DONE1 ! TRANSITION T[>DS COLLECTIVE LABOR C\LD BEG94 

,SOCIALIZATION ( POSSESSION IS A REVOLUTION>Y ACT1 9VOLV+ VIOL5CE & ITS SUCCESS DEP5DS ON ! USE ( =CE1 :]EAS ! SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR IS A PROCESS1 :I* DEM&S TOR ITS UNFOLD+ ! PRES5CE ( BO? FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES & CORRECT TIM+4 ,SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS1 !RE=E1 CAN IMM$IATELY 9TRODUCE ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( POSSESSIONS 9 ! :OLE C\NTRY BUT CANNOT EFFECT ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( ,LABOR4 ,YET COLLECTIVIZATION ( LABOR IS VIRTUALLY ! BASIS ( COMMUNISM1 :I* IS IMPOSSIBLE )\T IT4 

,9 CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS 9DISPUTABLE FACT1 SOCIETY ON ! DAY AFT] ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE TO RECKON ) TWO BASIC ECONOMIC SY/EMS :I* 9 PR9CIPLE >E MUTUALLY HO/ILE3 A COMMUNI/ & AN 9DIVIDUALI/ SY/EM -- AS WELL AS AN 9T]M$IATE & TRANSITIONAL SY/EM1 ! COOP]ATIVES4 ,SOCIETY W\LD HAVE TO E/ABLI% A =M ( RELATION%IP ) ! 9DIVIDUALI/ ECONOMY :I* W\LD FAVOR ! LATT]'S SPE$Y & PA9LESS DISSOLUTION 9 COMMUNISM4 ,! SY/EM ( ! TRANSITIONAL P]IOD W\LD !RE=E BE *>ACT]IZ$ BY ,ECONOMIC ,DUALISM1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 A COEXI/5CE ( COMMUNISM & 9DIVIDUALISM1 ! =M]1 H[EV]1 TAK+ OV] ! COMM&+ POSITIONS4 ,FROM ?IS /&PO9T MY VIEW ( SOCIETY 9 ! TRANSITIONAL P]IOD IS AS FOLL[S4 

,ECONOMIC ,/RUCTURE ( ,SOCIETY 

,! ,SY/EM ( ,COMMUNI/ ,ECONOMY4 ,ALL ! BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY :]E LABOR HAS ALREADY BE5 SOCIALIZ$ BY CAPITALISM W\LD BE SYNDICALIS$2 ?AT IS1 !Y W\LD PASS 9TO ! H&S ( LABOR ORGANIZATION1 UNIT$ FROM BEL[ ON PRODUCTIVE 9DU/RIAL L9ES UPON ! PR9CIPLE ( ,F$]ALISM1 ?US ALL[+ FULL ADM9I/RATIVE AUTONOMY TO EA* L9K 9 ! ORGANIZATIONAL *A94 ,FUR!RMORE1 SYNDICALIS$ 9DU/RY W\LD BE BUILT ON ! BASIS ( ,COMMUNI/ ,9DU/RIAL ,RELATIONS4 

,ALL MANUFACTUR+ 9DU/RY W\LD BE SUBJECT TO SYNDICALISATION1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! H&ICRAFT & DOME/IC 9DU/RIES4 ,SYNDICALISATION W\LD ALSO APPLY TO ALL S]VICE 9DU/RIES1 9CLUD+ TRANSPORTATION1 PO/1 TELEGRAPH1 TELEPHONE1 RADIO1 PUBLIC UTILITIES1 M$ICAL & PUBLIC HEAL? S]VICES1 /ATI/ICAL1 ACC\NTANCY & DI/RIBUTION ORGANIZATIONS1 PUBLIC 9/RUCTION1 SCI5CE1 >TS & ! !AT]2 ALSO1 TO ! BRAN*ES ( EXTRACTIVE 9DU/RY TO :I* CAPITALISM HAS ALREADY SOCIALIZ$ LABOR1 SU* AS ?OSE CONNECT$ ) EXTRACTION ( USEFUL M9]ALS 7COAL1 ORE1 METALS71 AS WELL AS =E/RY1 FI%]IES1 & ! F>MS :]E LABOR1 ?R\< ME*ANIZATION1 HAS ALREADY BE5 SOCIALIZ$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ! 9DU/RIAL PROCESS ITSELF4 

,! ORGANIZATIONAL MA*9]Y ( ! COMMUNI/ ECONOMY IS BAS$ UPON AUTONOM\S FACTORIES TURN$ 9TO 9DU/RIAL COMMUNES4 ,9 ITS FULLY DEVELOP$ =M ?IS REPRES5TS AN ECONOMIC ,CONF$]ATION1 CONSI/+ ( ! FOLL[+ L9KS3 

,! BASIC CELL-! AUTONOM\S FACTORY OR PRODUCTIVE COMMUNE2 

,PROV9CIAL ,CONF$]ATIONS ( ,9DU/RIAL ,F$]ATIONS2 

,A ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 OR ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY & ,CULTURE4 

,! 9DU/RIAL OR PRODUC]S' COMMUNE W\LD BE SUPPLEM5T$ BY ! ORGANIZATION ( ! CONSUM]S' COMMUNE1 :I* W\LD BE COMPLEM5T>Y TO IT1 S9CE PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION >E 9SEP>ABLY B\ND TOGE!R4 ,! CONSUM]S' COMMUNE1 :I* 9CID5TALLY W\LD C>RY \T ! BROAD] FUNCTIONS ( ACC\NTANCY & DI/RIBUTION AS WELL W\LD BE COMPOS$ ( CONSUM]S' COOP]ATIVES1 :OSE PREVI\SLY EXI/+ APP>ATUS C\LD BE UTILIZ$ = ! PRES5T PURPOSE4 ,! /RUCTURE ( A CONSUM]S' COMMUNE W\LD BE COMPOS$ (3 

,H\SE ,COMMITTEES1 AS ! SIMPLE/ ORGANS ( CONTROLL+ ACC\NTANCY & DI/RIBUTION2 

,LOCAL ,F$]ATIONS2 

,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATIONS4 

,9ASMU* AS ! PRODUCTS ( ECONOMIC ACTIVITY W\LD BE ! COMMON PROP]TY ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMUNE1 ALL MEMB]S ( IT W\LD BE EQUALS 9 PROP]TY RI<TS OV] ! COMMON PRODUCTS4 ,CONSUMPTION W\LD !RE=E BE BAS$ UPON ! PR9CIPLE3 ,TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S1 ! FULL REALIZATION ( ?IS PR9CIPLE TO BE DEP5D5T ON ! GIV5 COMMUNE'S WEAL? & PROSP]ITY4 

,IT FOLL[S !N ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMUNE W\LD BE COMPOS$ ( ,SYNDICALIS$ ,PRODUCTION1 BUILT UPON ! BASIS ( ,COMMUNI/ ,RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,PRODUC]S4 

,\TSIDE ! COMMUNE1 !RE W\LD REMA9 NUM]\S ELEM5TS C>RY+ ON ! ME?ODS ( 9DIVIDUAL ECONOMY1 TO WIT3 H&ICRAFTSM5 WORK]S 9 HOME 9DU/RIES1 & A GREAT PROPORTION ( ! F>M]S4 

,AMONG >TISANS & HOME 9DU/RY WORK]S ! PR9CIPLE ( VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION MU/ BE APPLI$2 BY (F]+ FULL SCOPE = SELF-DEVELOPM5T1 & = 9ITIATIVE1 ?IS W\LD OP5 ! WAY = ! USE ( ALL ! A*IEVEM5TS ( TE*NICAL PROGRESS4 ,!SE BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION1 UNIT$ ON ! PATT]N ( SYNDICALIS$ COMMUNAL 9DU/RIES1 W\LD BE 9CLUD$ 9 ! PROP] UNIONS1 =M+ P>T ( ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR4 ,BUT !IR ECONOMIC RELATIONS ) ! COMMUNE W\LD BE REGULAT$ ALONG ! SAME L9ES AS ?OSE ( ! 9DIVIDUALLY [N$ F>MS4 

,?IS PR9CIPLE ( COOP]ATION1 FUR!RMORE1 W\LD APPLY TO ! PRIVATELY [N$ F>MS1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 9DIVIDUAL F>MS1 OP]AT+ ON PLOTS ( ! SOCIALIZ$ L&1 :I* PLOTS W\LD ( C\RSE1 CEASE TO BE SUBJECT TO PUR*ASE & SALE & C\LD NOT BE TRANSF]R$ BY 9H]ITANCE4 

,JU/ AS ! V>I\S =MS ( COMMUNAL PRODUCTION W\LD BE UND] ! JURISDICTION ( ! CORRESPOND+ 9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 SO ! L&1 ITS RECLAMATION & R$I/RIBUTION & ALSO DOME/IC COLONIZATION & AGRONOMY1 ETC41 W\LD BE UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,UNION ( ,F>M ,COMMUNITIES1 AS A CON/ITU5T ELEM5T ( ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR4 

,! F>M ECONOMY ( ! TRANSITIONAL P]IOD W\LD BE REPRES5T$ BY ! ?REE FOLL[+ BASIC TYPES3 I4 9DIVIDUAL1 II4 COOP]ATIVE1 & III4 COMMUNI/1 ! LA/ BE+ P>T & P>CEL ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMUNE4 ,! PREVAIL+ ROLES W\LD ( C\RSE BE PLAY$ BY ! 9DIVIDUAL TYPE ( F>M+1 9 :I* PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS BAS$ UPON PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! PRODUCT ( LABOR W\LD PR$OM9ATE4 

,! COMMUNE W\LD AB/A9 FROM 5T]+ 9TO ANY ECONOMIC RELATIONS ) ! SEP>ATE 9DIVIDUAL F>MS4 ,9 CONSEQU5CE1 DUR+ ! TRANSITIONAL P]IOD1 COOP]ATIVE ACTIVITIES W\LD ASSUME ! FUNCTION ( S]V+ AS ! ONLY 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ! COMMUNE & ! 9DIVIDUALI/ F>MS ( ! 5TIRE C\NTRY4 ,COOP]ATION W\LD ?US 9TEGRATE1 FULLY & ON EV]Y LEVEL1 ! MILLIONS ( 9DIVIDUAL F>MS4 ,! COOP]ATIVE MA*9]Y W\LD TAKE APPROXIMATELY ! FOLL[+ %APE3 

,F>M ,ASSOCIATIONS = ,PUR*AS+ & ,M>KET+1 

,F$]ATION ( ,F>M+ ,ASSOCIATIONS1 

,HI<E/ ,C\NCIL ( ,COOP]ATIVE ,ASSOCIATIONS4 

,! COOP]ATIVE ORGANS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL F>MS W\LD 5T] 9TO ! CLOSE/ CONTACT ) ! ACC\NT+ & DI/RIBUTIVE ORGANS ( ! COMMUNES4 ,! COMMUNE ON ITS SIDE W\LD E/ABLI% A ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE & ,CR$IT ) NUM]\S BRAN* (FICES ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 ,?IS W\LD TRANSACT ALL EX*ANGE & CR$IT OP]ATIONS BO? AT HOME & ABROAD4 

,?US ! 9DIVIDUAL F>MS W\LD VOLUNT>ILY PASS ON ALL !IR SURPLUS PRODUCE TO !IR [N COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS1 :I* W\LD TAKE UPON !MSELVES ! FUNCTIONS ( PUR*ASE & SALE4 ,! COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS W\LD TRANSF] !IR PRODUCE TO ! ,BANK ( ! ,COMMUNE & ITS BRAN*ES4 ,!Y W\LD BE PAID BO? BY MONET>Y TOK5S & BY ALL ! COMMODITIES DEM&$ BY CONSUM]S4 ,?US1 ! M>KET1 SPECULATION1 COMM]CIAL CAPITAL1 & COMM]CE ITSELF1 W\LD ALL BE ABOLI%$4 

,! 9DIVIDUALI/ F>MS1 ON A BASIS ( EQUALITY ) ! COMMUNE1 W\LD BE ABLE TO AVAIL !MSELVES1 FREE ( *>GE1 ( ! TRANSPORT FACILITIES1 ROADS1 TELEPHONES1 TELEGRAPH1 RADIO1 PUBLIC 9/RUCTION1 M$ICAL & PUBLIC HEAL? S]VICES1 & O!R PUBLIC UTILITIES ( ! COMMUNE4 ,H[EV] ! COMMUNE W\LD ASK A C]TA9 ANNUAL CONTRIBUTION FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL F>MS1 TO BE PAID 9 K9D4 ,! =M & AM\NT ( ?IS TAXATION W\LD BE LAID D[N BY ! ,CONV5TION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 BUT ITS COLLECTION W\LD BE 5TRU/$ TO ! ,BANK ( ! ,COMMUNE & ITS BRAN*ES4 TO BE EXECUT$ ?R\< COMMODITY EX*ANGE4 

,?IS1 AS ,I VISUALIZE IT1 W\LD BE ! ECONOMIC REGIME ( ! NEW SOCIETY ON ! DAY AFT] ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,POLITICAL ,/RUCTURE ( ,SOCIETY 

,9 ! POLITICAL SPH]E4 ! ,SLATE W\LD BE REPLAC$ BY A ,CONF$]ATION ( ,FREE ,COMMUNES ) !IR ,C\NCILS 7SOVIETS72 ?AT IS1 ,COMMUNALISM W\LD BE SUB/ITUT$ TOR ,/ATISM4 ,! C\NCILS 7SOVIETS7 ( ! ,COMMUNES TOGE!R ) ! ASSOCIATIONS ( SU* C\NCILS4 UP TO & 9CLUD+ ! ,CONF$]AL ,ASSOCIATION ( ,C\NCILS1 W\LD NOT BE 5D[$ ) ANY PR]OGATIVES ( P[]4 

,) ! LIB]TY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL AS A />T+ PO9T1 ! COMMUNALI/ REGIME -- ?R\< A FREE UNION ( 9DIVIDUALS 9TO COMMUNES1 ( COMMUNES 9TO PROV9CES & ( PROV9CES 9TO NATIONS (F]S ! ONLY RI<T SOLUTION ( ! NATIONAL PROBLEM1 NAMELY1 A NATURAL NATIONAL UNITY 9 DIV]SITY1 F\ND$ ON LIB]TY & EQUALITY4 

,AS TO ! ORGANIZATION ( MILIT>Y DEF5SE = ?IS SOCIETY1 ONE CAN ?9K ONLY ( A ,G5]AL ,>M+ ( ! ,WORK]S AS ! BASIS = A ,PEOPLE'S ,MILITIA1 RE9=C$ BY ALL ! TE*NICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL ATTA9M5TS ( MILIT>Y SCI5CE4 ,! PEOPLE'S MILITIA1 ORGANIZ$ ON AN 9DU/RIAL BASIS1 W\LD BE SUBORD9AT$ TO ! PRODUCTIVE ASSOCIATIONS1 & 9 TIMES ( PEACE W\LD BE 5GAG$ 9 PRODUCTIVE EF=TS ( A USEFUL K9D4 

,AS TO PEACE & PUBLIC SECURITY1 A CITIZ5 GU>D'S S]VICE W\LD BE ORGANIZ$ = ?IS PURPOSE1 ) ! HELP ( ! ,H\SE ,COMMITTEES4 ,! CITIZ5S !MSELVES W\LD 9 TURN FULFILL ! G5]AL DUTY ( DEF5SE2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 A SELF-DEF5SE ) NO C5TRAL ORGAN FROM ABOVE4 

,! EXI/+ C\RTS W\LD BE REPLAC$ BY VOLUNT>Y TRIBUNALS ( >BITRATION1 & 9 CASES ( GRAVE CRIMES1 CONNECT$ ) MANSLAU<T] OR (F5SES AGA9/ LIB]TY & EQUALITY1 A SPECIAL COMMUNAL C\RT ( A NONP]MAN5T NATURE W\LD BE SET UP1 S9CE C\RTS AS P]MAN5T 9/ITUTIONS W\LD BE ABOLI%$4 ,PRISONS W\LD ALSO BE DONE AWAY )4 ,S*OOLS1 HOSPITALS1 DOCTORS &-ABOVE ALL- PUBLIC WELF>E & LIB]TY MI<T PROVE ! SAFE/ MEANS TO GET RID ( CRIM9ALS & CRIMES ALTOGE!R4 

,?US1 AS ! W>P ( ! FABRIC ( FUTURE AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 !RE CAN BE LAID D[N1 9 MY OP9ION1 ! FOLL[+ ?REE ESS5TIAL & BASIC 9/ITUTIONS3 

PRODUC]S' UNIONS ?AT W\LD LEAD1 ?R\< ! SYNDICALISATION ( PRODUCTION1 TO A FRUITFUL COMMUNISM ( PRODUC]S2 

CONSUM]S' ASSOCIATIONS ?AT W\LD LEAD1 ?R\< UTILIZATION ( COOP]ATION1 T[>DS A CONSUM]S4 COMMUNISM2 

T]RITORIAL ASSOCIATIONS1 LEAD+1 BY WAY ( COMMUNALISM1 TO A UNITY 9 DIV]SITY1 ?AT IS1 A ,CONF$]ATION ( ,PEOPLES BAS$ UPON LIB]TY & EQUALITY4 

,H[EV]1 ,I DO NOT IMAG9E ! FUTURE SOCIETY TO BE CA/ 9 JU/ ?IS RA!R SIMPLIFI$ & S*EMATIC MOLD4 ,TO MY M9D1 9DE$1 IT IS LIKELY TO TAKE ON A F> MORE COMPLEX CONFIGURATION1 :]E9 ! MA9 TEXTURE W\LD BE 9T]WOV5 ) SU* AN 9F9ITE V>IETY ( 9T]L9K$ GR\PS1 ?AT IT W\LD READILY RESPOND TO ! MO/ DIV]SE DEM&S & NE$S ( ! FREE HUMAN P]SON4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JULY #a#f1 #bai 3 ,MY ,SOCIAL ,CR$O -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,MY ,SOCIAL ,CR$O -- ,UPDAT$4 

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