,*APT] #g 

#baba 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BOB ,BLACK 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #g4 ,PRIMITIVISM & ! ,5LI<T5M5T 

  

,9 HIS PRIME1 ,BOOK*9 C\LD BE A H>% CRITIC ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T1 OR1 AS HE 9V>IABLY REF]R$ TO IT1 0! B\RGEOIS ,5LI<T5M5T40.<#c#d#h.> ,N[ HIS ONLY CRITICISM IS ?AT ) RESPECT TO PRIMITIVE SOCIETY1 IT WASN'T B\RGEOIS 5\<4 ,AS HE N[ SEES IT1 ! ,5LI<T5M5T1 :I* F\<T = REASON & PROGRESS 9 ITS [N SOCIETY1 9CONSI/5TLY TOL]AT$ & EV5 CELEBRAT$ /AGNANT1 BACKW>D1 IGNORANT & SUP]/ITI\S PRIMITIVE PEOPLES4 ,9 ?IS AS 9 SO MANY O!R WAYS1 IT IS ,BOOK*9'S PROJECT TO P]FECT & COMPLETE ! ESS5TIALLY RATIONAL & PROGRESSIVE PROJECT ( ! B\RGEOIS ,5LI<T5M5T4 ,HE ALWAYS UND]/&S :AT PEOPLE >E DO+ BETT] ?AN !Y DO4 

0,!RE IS NO?+ NEW10 ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS 9TONES1 0AB\T ! ROMANTICIZATION ( TRIBAL PEOPLES4 ,TWO C5TURIES AGO1 D5IZ5S ( ,P>IS1 FROM ,5LI<T5]S SU* AS ,D5IS ,DID]OT TO REACTION>IES LIKE ,M>IE ,ANTO9ETTE1 CREAT$ A CULT ( 'PRIMITIVISM' ?AT SAW TRIBAL PEOPLE AS MORALLY SUP]IOR TO MEMB]S ( ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY1 :O PRESUMABLY W]E CORRUPT$ BY ! VISES ( CIVILIZATION40 ,ACTUALLY1 TWO C5TURIES BE=E !Y W]E BO? DEAD4 ,BOOK*9 MAKES IT S\ND LIKE !Y W]E COLLABORATORS4 ,IF !RE WAS A ,P>ISIAN CULT ( ! PRIMITIVE1 ! AIRHEAD ,M>IE ,ANTO9ETTE 7D4 #a#g#i#c7 HAD NO P>T 9 CREAT+ IT4 ,H] CULT ( *OICE WAS ,CA?OLICISM4 ,D5IS & ,M>IE NEV] MET4 ,&1 AS SO (T5 ) ,BOOK*91 ! QUOTATION M>KS >\ND 0PRIMITIVISM0 DO NOT ID5TIFY A QUOTATION1 !Y IMPLY DISAPPROVAL -- AN ABUSE1 ESPECIALLY RIFE AMONG ,M>XI/S1 :I* ,I HAVE ALREADY PROTE/$4.<#c#d#i.> ,QUOTATION M>KS C\LD NOT PROP]LY BE US$ H]E BECAUSE ! ,5GLI% WORD 0PRIMITIVISM0 & ITS ,FR5* COGNATE DID NOT 5T] ?OSE LANGUAGES UNTIL ! #a#i? & #b? C5TURIES1 RESPECTIVELY4.<#c#e.> ,AM ,I QUIBBL+ AB\T DATES & DETAILS8 ,DOESN'T ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS8 ,?IS GUY CLAIMS TO DISC]N ! DIRECTIONALITY1 NOT ONLY ( HUMAN HI/ORY1 BUT ( NATURAL HI/ORY4 ,H[ CAN HE TELL :]E HI/ORY IS GO+ IF HE DOESN'T KN[ :]E IT'S BE51 OR EV5 :58 

,BOOK*9 MISDATES ! ROMANTICIZ+ ( ! PRIMITIVE NOT BY YE>S BUT BY C5TURIES &1 9 ! ,G>D5 ( ,$5 V]SION1 BY MILL5NIA4 ,! NOBLE SAVAGE WASN'T DREAM$ UP AT A ,P>ISIAN SALON4 ,AL?\< IT IS NOT QUITE PRIMITIVISM1 ! PA/ORAL IDEAL GOES BACK TO ,BOOK*9'S DREAM-WORLD1 ! URBAN-DOM9AT$ WORLD ( CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY4.<#c#e#a.> ,HESIOD & ,OVID WROTE ( AN ORIG9AL ,GOLD5 ,AGE4.<#c#e#b.> ,PRIMITIVI/ IDEAS W]E EXPRESS$ 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,! ,G]MAN B>B>IANS ( ,TACITUS >E LIKEWISE NOBLE & FREE4 ,EUROPEAN NOTIONS ( A SPECIFICALLY PRIMITIVE FRE$OM1 VIRTUE & COM=T >E AT LEA/ AS OLD AS EXT5SIVE ,EUROPEAN CONTACTS ) PRIMITIVE PEOPLES1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,AM]ICAS4 ,!Y W]E ,COLUMBUS' FIR/ IMPRESSIONS ( ! ,9DIANS1 & ! FIR/ IMPRESSIONS ( ,CAPTA9 ,JOHN ,SMI? 9 ,VIRG9IA4 ,NEI!R ( !SE CONQUI/ADORS WAS BY ANY /RET* ( ! IMAG9ATION AN ,5LI<T5M5T HUMANI/4 ,9 #a#e#h#d1 A SEA CAPTA9 WORK+ = ,SIR ,WALT] ,RALEI< SC\T$ ! COA/ ( ,VIRG9IA4 ,HE SAW IT AS A G>D5 ( 09CR$IBLE ABUNDANCE0 :OSE 9HABITANTS W]E 0MO/ G5TLE1 LOV+ & FAI?FUL1 VOIDE ( ALL GUILE & TREASON1 & SU* AS LIVE AFT] ! MANN] ( ! GOLD5 AGE40.<#c#e#c.> ,PET] ,M>TYR 7#a#d#e#i-#a#e#b#f7 RELI$ ON ! ACC\NTS ( HIS VOYAGES BY ,COLUMBUS 9 COMPOS+ AN 9FLU5TIAL ACC\NT ( ,AM]9DIAN PRIMORDIAL 9NOC5CE4 ,! ,9DIANS REMA9$ ! LOCUS CLASSICUS ( ! NOBLE SAVAGE UNTIL ! LATE #a#h? C5TURY4.<#c#e#d.> 

,MONTAIGNE'S CELEBRAT$ ESSAY ON CANNIBALS 7#a#e#h7 IS 0ONE ( ! F\NTA9HEADS ( MOD]N PRIMITIVISM40 ,IT 9FLU5C$ ,%AKESPE>E1 AMONG MANY O!RS1 :O EV5 LIFT$ SOME ( ITS ACTUAL WORDS4.<#c#e#e.> ,9 ,! ,TEMPE/ 7#a#f#a#a71 ! 0HONE/ OLD ,C\NCILOR0 ,GONZALO 5VISAGES ,PROSP]O'S 5*ANT$ ISL& -- UND] HIS [N SELF-ABOLI%+ RULE -- AS AN AN>*I/1 COMMUNI/1 AMORAL1 LIB]T9E1 PACIFIC1 PRIMITIVI/1 Z][ORK COMMONWEAL?1 A PLACE NOT TO REPEAT ! MI/AKES ( CIVILIZATION4.<#c#e#f.> ,I AM NOT CLAIM+ ,%AKESPE>E WAS A PRIMITIVI/2 HE IS SKEPTICAL1 P]HAPS MOCK+ H]E4 ,BUT HE IS ALSO A S5SITIVE WITNESS ?AT ONE POLE ( ! ,EUROPEAN P]CEPTION ( PRIMITIVES WAS ALREADY PRIMITIVI/ 9 #a#f#a#a4 ,S]I\S UOPIAS TOO1 LIKE ,FRANCIS ,BACON'S1 0N[ C\LD BE PLAUSIBLY LOCAT$ 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,9 !IR GOOD ORD]1 JU/ GOV]NM5T1 SUPPORTIVE SOCIETY1 PEACEFUL ABUNDANCE1 & ABS5CE ( GRE$1 VISE1 & PRIVATE PROP]TY1 !SE HAPPY SOCIAL CON/RUCTIONS1 SITUAT$ BY !IR AU?ORS 9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD1 S]V$ AS ! ANTI!SIS ( ! ,OLD40.<#c#e#g.> ,ACCURATE OR NOT1 !SE IMPRESSIONS 9DICATE AN ATTRACTION = ! PRIMITIVE :I* LONG ANT$ATES ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 

,& IS IT SO UN?9KABLE ?AT SOME ( !SE E>LY-CONTACT IMPRESSIONS1 =M$ BE=E ,EUROPEAN AGGRESSION & SPOLIATION EMBITT]$ RELATIONS ) ! ,9DIANS1 MI<T BE TRUE8 ,SEV]AL HI/ORIANS -- HI/ORIANS1 M9D Y\1 NOT AN?ROPOLOGI/S -- BELIEVE ?AT !Y >E4.<#c#e#h.> ,?AT !RE IS NO?+ NEW AB\T AN IDEA DOES NOT MEAN ?AT !RE IS NO?+ TRUE AB\T IT4 ,:AT ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS DOES NOT APPRECIATE IS ?AT ! PRIMITIVI/S ( ! #a#h? C5TURY1 NOTABLY ,R\SSEAU1 BELIEV$ ?AT MANK9D C\LD NOT RETURN TO ! PRIMITIVE CONDITION4 ,AS ,R\SSEAU WROTE3 0,= IT IS BY NO MEANS A LI<T UND]TAK+ TO DI/+UI% PROP]LY BETWE5 :AT IS ORIG9AL & :AT IS >TIFICIAL 9 ! ACTUAL NATURE ( MAN1 OR TO =M A TRUE IDEA ( A /ATE :I* NO LONG] EXI/S1 P]HAPS NEV] DID EXI/1 & PROBABLY NEV] WILL EXI/2 & ( :I* IT IS1 NECESS>Y TO HAVE TRUE IDEAS1 9 ORD] TO =M A PROP] JUDGM5T ( \R PRES5T /ATE40.<#c#e#i.> 

,( ALL ! ?+S ,BOOK*9 DOES BADLY1 9TELLECTUAL HI/ORY MAY BE ! WOR/4 ,HE IS SO BALL$ UP ) ANTI-RELIGI\S RAGE ?AT HE IS H>DLY CAPABLE ( AN ACCURATE /ATEM5T AB\T ! HI/ORY ( RELIGION4 ,AT ONE PO9T -- ACTUALLY1 AT TOO MANY PO9TS -- HE CA/IGATES ,DAVID ,WATSON = ?9K+ ?AT CIVILIZATION AS SU* REPRES5TS REGRESSION = HUMANITY4 ,! EX-,DIRECTOR MAKES ! OBVI\S COMP>ISON TO ! ,G>D5 ( ,$5 /ORY1 ) :I* ,I F9D NO FAULT EXCEPT = ITS BANALITY4 ,HE %\LD HAVE LEFT IT AT ?AT4 ,EV]Y?+ HE GOES ON TO SAY REVEALS HIM AS AN IGNORANT BIGOT4 

0,?IS SORT ( RUBBI%10 ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS CONT9UES 9 HIS USUAL DISPASSIONATE VOICE1 0MAY HAVE BE5 GOOD CO9 9 M$IEVAL UNIV]SITIES40.<#c#f.> ,M$IEVAL UNIV]SITIES W]E URBAN 9/ITUTIONS4 ,EVID5TLY ,BOOK*9 IS UNFAMILI> ) !IR CURRICULA4 ,>I/OTLE IS ! EX-,DIRECTOR'S FAVORITE PHILOSOPH]1 & 0! AU?ORITY ( ,>I/OTLE WAS SUPREME ?R\<\T ?IS .<! #a#b? C5TURY.> AS WELL AS ! LAT] M$IEVAL P]IOD40.<#c#f#a.> ,! UNIV]SITIES SOON TAU<T ! ,?OMI/ 9T]PRETATION ( ,>I/OTELIAN TELEOLOGY1 TO :I* ,BOOK*9'S DIALECTICAL NATURALISM IS MU* CLOS] ?AN IT IS TO ! ME*ANI/IC PHILOSOPHY ( HIS REV]$ ,5LI<T5M5T4 ,(FICIAL ,*RI/IANITY WAS NEV] ANTI-URBAN OR ANTI-CIVILIZATION4 ,*RI/IANITY ORIG9AT$ 9 ! URBAN-DOM9AT$ ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 & ITS ORIG9AL APPEAL WAS 9 ! CITIES1 NOT ! C\NTRYSIDE -- ! WORD 0PAGAN0 D]IVES FROM ! SAME ROOT AS ! WORD 0PEASANT40 ,SA9T ,AUGU/9E W\LD NOT HAVE WRITT5 ( ! ,CITY ( ,GOD IF HE ?\<T ,GOD HAD SOME?+ AGA9/ CITIES4 ,:]E PREVI\S RELIGIONS HAD BE5 P>TICUL>I/IC1 0! ,HEAV5LY ,CITY -- = ,AUGU/9E1 ITS E>LY VOICE 9 ! UNIV]SAL ,*UR* -- MELDS ALL DIV]SITY AMONG PEOPLES1 'ALL CITIZ5S FROM ALL NATIONS & TONGUES .<9TO.> A S+LE PILGRIM B&4'0 ,SEZ :O8 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 ,AFT] ! FALL ( ,ROME1 0! ,*RI/IAN *UR* PRES]V$ ! LANGUAGE ( ! POLIS 444 ,EV5 HEAV5 WAS CONCEIV$ TO BE A CITY-/ATE40.<#c#f#b.> 

,*RI/IAN OR?ODOXY HAS NEV] 9T]PRET$ HUMAN HI/ORY OR DE/9Y AS ! RECOV]Y ( ! PRIMAL 9NOC5CE PREC$+ ! ,FALL4 ,?AT WAS ! TEA*+ ( AN>*IC H]ETICS LIKE ! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,FREE ,SPIRIT1 ! ,ADAMITES1 ! ,DIGG]S & ! ,RANT]S4 ,RA!R1 OR?ODOX ,*RI/IANITY1 LIKE ,M>XISM & ,BOOK*9ISM1 IS =W>D-LOOK+1 ES*ATOLOGICAL4 ,! ,K+DOM ( ,HEAV5 IS NOT ! ,G>D5 ( ,$5 RE/OR$1 IT'S ! ,CITY ( ,GOD1 ! ULTIMATE POLIS1 EXCEPT ?AT A LOV+ ,LORD AS A SPECIAL DISP5SATION = ! SAV$ EXCUSES !M FROM ATT5D+ T[N MEET+S4 ,9 ! ,COMMUNE ( ,HELL1 ATT5DANCE IS OBLIGATORY = ALL ET]NITY4 ,BY ! #a#h? C5TURY1 ! DOM9ANT T5D5CY 9 RELIGI\S ?\<T WAS TO REG>D ! ,FALL AS AN 0EPISODE 9 PREHI/ORY0 M>K+ ! ORIG9 ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 & NOT SU* A BAD ?+ AFT] ALL4.<#c#f#c.> 

,SO H]E'S ! EX-,DIRECTOR'S NEXT S5T5CE3 0,BUT 9 ! LATE ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 FEW IDEAS 9 ,*RI/IAN !OLOGY DID MORE TO HOLD BACK ADVANCES 9 SCI5CE & EXP]IM5TAL RESE>* ?AN ! NOTION ?AT ) ! ,FALL1 HUMANITY LO/ ITS 9NOC5CE40.<#c#f#d.> ,TRY AS ,I HAVE1 ,I AM UNABLE TO UND]/& :Y ! NOTION ?AT HUMANITY LO/ ITS 9NOC5CE %\LD RET>D SCI5TIFIC PROGRESS4 ,SO F> AS ,I KN[1 NO HI/ORIAN HAS EV] SAID SO4 ,& ,I'M UNAW>E ?AT ANYONE 9 ! LAT] ,MIDDLE ,AGES WAS EV5 TRY+ TO CONDUCT EXP]IM5TAL RESE>*1 ASIDE FROM ! AL*EMI/S4 ,?AT IS :Y IT WAS POSSIBLE TO PUBLI%1 9 EI<T VOLUMES1 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,MAGIC & ,EXP]IM5TAL ,SCI5CE4.<#c#f#e.> ,! DI/9CTION IS RELATIVELY REC5T4 

,PRESUMABLY1 IF ! FALL-FROM-9NOC5CE IDEA RET>D$ SCI5TIFIC & TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS 9 ! LATE ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 IT MU/ HAVE DONE SO ?R\<\T ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,?AT NE>LY REV]SES ! REALITY4 ,SCI5TIFIC PROGRESS1 IT IS TRUE1 WAS SL[$ BY ! PREVAIL+ IDEOLOGY -- NOT BY ,*RI/IANITY1 BUT BY IDEAS 9H]IT$ FROM PAGAN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY1 FROM URBANITES LIKE ,>I/OTLE1 ,GAL5 & ,PTOLEMY4.<#c#f#f.> ,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE WAS RAPID TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS1 UNLIKE ! /AGNATION ( ,GREEK & ,ROMAN TIMES4 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( 9V5TION1 0! P]IOD ( MORE ?AN A ?\S& YE>S ?AT SPANS ! GAP BETWE5 E>LY ,GREEK & LATE ,ROMAN CIVILIZATION WAS1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 NOT V]Y PRODUCTIVE40.<#c#f#g.> ,! ,LAT9 ,*RI/IAN WORLD FO/]$ ONE 9NOVATION AFT] ANO!R ?R\<\T ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,! MOLD-BO>D PL[ OP5$ UP VA/ NEW T]RITORIES = F>M+4 ,?REE-FIELD ROTATION GREATLY 9CREAS$ AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY4 ,O!R 9NOVATIONS 9CLUD$ ! W9DMILL1 ! CLOCK1 ! NAIL$ HORSE%OE1 & ADVANCES 9 %IPBUILD+ & NAVIGATION DE/9$ TO TRANS=M ! WORLD4 ,MILIT>Y TE*NOLOGY1 ESPECIALLY1 PROGRESS$ BY 9V5TION & ADOPTION3 HEAVY >MOR$ CAVALRY1 ! /IRRUP1 ! LONGB[1 ! CROSSB[1 >TILL]Y1 FIRE>MS1 /ONE CA/LES1 ETC4 ,KROPOTK9 PAID TRIBUTE TO ! 9V5TIV5ESS ( ! P]IOD4.<#c#f#h.> ,EYEGLASSES1 :I* ! EX-,DIRECTOR WE>S1 W]E 9V5T$ BY AN ,ITALIAN CL]IC 9 ! LATE #a#c? C5TURY4.<#c#f#i.> ,>*ITECTURE SURPASS$ ITS CLASSICAL LIMITATIONS -- ,BOOK*9'S BELOV$ ,A!NIAN POLIS C\LD NEV] HAVE BUILT ,NOT] ,DAME4 ,& IT WAS DUR+ ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES ?AT ! F\NDATIONS ( ! ,SCI5TIFIC ,REVOLUTION ( ! #a#f? & #a#g? C5TURIES W]E LAID4.<#c#g.> ,YET ,BOOK*9 CAN SPEAK ( 0A NE>LY ,NEOLI?IC TE*NOLOGY 9 ! LATE ,MIDDLE ,AGES06 ,?AT W\LD PUT ,CLASSICAL ,GREECE 9 ! ,OLD ,/ONE ,AGE -- :I* IS GO+ ONLY A LITTLE TOO F>3 BASIC ,GREEK TE*NOLOGY WAS FIX$ E>LY 9 ! >*AIC1 PRE-POLIS P]IOD4.<#c#g#a.> 

,NOR IS IT ! CASE ?AT TE*NICAL ADVANCES W]E A*IEV$ DESPITE SUP]/ITION & ECCLESIA/ICAL RESI/ANCE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! CULTURAL PRESUPPOSITIONS ( ,WE/]N ,*RI/IANITY W]E A CAUSE1 >GUABLY ! MO/ IMPORTANT CAUSE1 ( TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATION3  
  

,! ,LAT9 ,MIDDLE ,AGES 444 DEVELOP$ AN ALMO/ 5TIRELY AFFIRMATIVE VIEW ( TE*NOLOGICAL IMPROVEM5T4 ,?IS NEW ATTITUDE IS CLE>LY DETECTABLE 9 ! E>LY N9? C5TURY1 & BY #ade 5G9E]+ ADVANCE HAD BECOME EXPLICITLY CONNECT$ ) ! VIRTUES3 IT WAS 9TEGRAL TO ! E?OS ( ! ,WE/444 ,M$IEVAL ,EUROPE CAME TO BELIEVE ?AT TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS WAS P>T ( ,GOD'S WILL = MAN4 ,! RESULT WAS AN 9CREAS+ ?RU/ ( 9V5TION ?AT HAS BE5 EXTRAPOLAT$1 )\T 9T]RUPTION OR D[N-CURVE1 9TO \R PRES5T SOCIETY4.<#c#g#b.>  
  

,AS ,LEWIS ,MUM=D SAYS1 9 TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATION1 0! CONTRIBUTION ( ! MONA/]Y WAS A VITAL ONE4 ,JU/ BECAUSE ! MONKS S\<T TO DO AWAY ) UNNECESS>Y LABOR1 9 ORD] TO HAVE MORE TIME = /UDY1 M$ITATION1 & PRAY]1 !Y TOOK ! LEAD 9 9TRODUC+ ME*ANICAL S\RCES ( P[] & 9 9V5T+ LABOR-SAV+ DEVICES40.<#c#g#c.> 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #bi 3 ,*APT] #g -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #a#h1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #g -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/