,NOTES = A ,BIOGRAPHY 

#aic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

#a 

444 ,SO ,I LEFT = ,SWITZ]L& ) ,CAFI]O4 ,AT ! TIME ,I WAS SICKLY1 ,I SPAT BLOOD & WAS SAID TO BE CONSUMPTIVE1 MORE OR LESS4444 ,:ILE CROSS+ ! ,GO?>D DUR+ ! NI<T 7AT ?AT TIME !RE WAS NO TUNNEL & ONE HAD TO CROSS ! SN[Y M\NTA9 9 A DILIG5CE7 ,I HAD CAU<T COLD1 & >RIV$ AT ! H\SE :]E ,BAKUN9 WAS /AY+ 9 ,ZURI*1 ) A FEV]I% C\<4 

,AFT] ! FIR/ GREET+S4 ,BAKUN9 MADE UP A CAMP B$1 & 9VIT$ ME--HE ALMO/ =C$ ME--TO LIE ON IT1 COV]$ ME ) ALL ! BLANKETS HE C\LD LAY H&S ON & URG$ ME TO /AY !RE QUIETLY & SLEEP4 ,& ALL ?IS WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY ATT5TION1 & MO!RLY T5D]NESS1 :I* GRIPP$ MY HE>T4 

,:ILE ,I WAS WRAPP$ UP 9 B$1 & ALL PRES5T IMAG9$ ?AT ,I WAS SLEEP+1 ,I HE>D ,BAKUN9 :ISP]+ NICE ?+S AB\T ME & !N ADD+ SADLY3 0,:AT A %AME ?AT HE %\LD BE SO SICK2 WE %ALL LOSE HIM V]Y SOON2 HE WON'T LA/ MORE ?AN SIX MON?S40 

,?AT T\*+ DESCRIPTION ( HIS FIR/ MEET+ ) ,BAKUN9 9 #ahgb WAS WRITT5 BY ,MALATE/A 9 #a#i#b#f.<#b#b.> :5 HE WAS 9 HIS #g#cRD YE> & ,BAKUN9 HAD BE5 FIFTY YE>S 9 HIS GRAVE4 

,O!RS AT ! TIME REF]R$ TO ,MALATE/A'S ILL-HEAL?4 ,CAFI]O 79 A LETT] #a#h#g#e7 SPOKE ( 0POOR ,MALATE/A IS SICK ) CONSUMPTION0 & ?\<T ?AT NO D\BT ! 9T5TIONS ( !IR P]SECUTORS WAS 0TO /IFLE A LIFE SO Y\NG & NOBLE1 )9 ! /9K+ & SIL5T WALLS ( A PRISON CELL40.<#b#b#a.> ,BOR<I PO9TS \T ?AT ,MALATE/A'S 0RESPIRATORY SY/EM REMA9$ HIS WEAK PO9T ?R\<\T HIS LIFE0 & ADDS 0,I WILL NEV] =GET ! CRISES PROVOK$ BY ! BRON*IAL ATTACKS HE SUFF]$ 9 ! /9K+ CELL 9 ,MILAN DUR+ ! COLD W9T] ( #a#i#b-#b#a40.<#b#b#b.> 

,HIS COMPANION DUR+ ! LA/ YE>S ( HIS LIFE1 ,EL5A ,MELLI1 9 A LETT] TO ,DAMIANI 7,JULY #b#h1 #a#i#c#b7 DESCRIBES ! LA/ WEEKS ( HIS LIFE3 0,HE HAD GOT OV] ! BRON*IAL-PNEUMONIA1 AS WELL AS ! RELAPSE HE SUFF]$ A FEW WEEKS AGO4 ,IT SEEM$ AS IF HE WAS BETT]1 & \T ( DANG]1 BUT HE WAS GETT+ WEAK] ALL ! TIME2 ONE C\LD SEE IT FROM ONE DAY TO ! NEXT4 ,EV5 HE DID NOT BELIEVE ?AT HE WAS DY+ BUT ANO!R ATTACK ON ! LEFT SIDE SUFFOCAT$ HIM4444 ,DUR+ ?OSE LA/ FEW DAYS HE C\LD H>DLY BREA!1 HE WAS SUFFOCAT+ 9 SPITE ( ALL ! OXYG5 HE TOOK--#a1#e LIT]S 9 FIVE H\RS4444 ,HE DI$ ON ,FRIDAY1 ! #b#bND .<,JULY #a#i#c#b.> AT #a#b3#b P4M4.<#b#b#c.> 

#b 

,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK 9 HIS REC5T HI/ORY ( ,AN>*ISM WRITES3 

,9 ! MIDDLE ( #a#h#g#a1 H[EV] A NEW GR\P ( MILITANTS APPE>$1 DIFF]5T 9 *>ACT] FROM ?OSE VET]ANS ( E>LI] /RUGGLES :O HAD FIR/ GA!R$ >\ND ,BAKUN94 ,! LEAD]S AMONG !M1 ,C>LO ,CAFI]O1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 & ,C>MELO ,PALLAD9O1 W]E ALL Y\NG M5 9 !IR E>LY TW5TIES1 ! $UCAT$ SONS ( ,S\!RN ,ITALIAN L&[N]S2 ALL ( !M CAME FROM REGIONS :]E PEASANT POV]TY WAS 5DEMIC 4442 !Y W]E 9 FACT ! ,ITALIAN EQUIVAL5T ( ! CONSCI5CE-/RICK5 ,RUSSIAN NOBLEM5 :O 9 ! SAME DECADE FELT ! BURN+ URGE TO 0GO TO ! PEOPLE40.<#b#b#d.> 

,AT LEA/ SO F> AS ,MALATE/A IS CONC]N$1 ! COMP>ISON DOES NOT FIT ! FACTS ?AT >E AVAILABLE4 

7,( ,PALLAD9O NOT A GREAT DEAL IS KN[N O!R ?AN ?AT HE WAS A Y\NG LAWY] :O HAD BE5 V]Y ACTIVE 9 ! ,NAPLES SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL FROM #a#h#f#i-#a#h#g#a2 ?AT HE VISIT$ ,BAKUN9 9 COMPANY ) ,CAFI]O T[>DS ! 5D ( #ahgb & W5T TO ,LOC>NO 9 #ahgd AFT] ! FAILURE ( ! ,ITALIAN 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ?AT YE> BUT EV5TUALLY RETURN$ TO ,CAGNAMO ,V>AMO 0:]E HE DI$ MANY YE>S LAT] 9 TRAGIC CIRCUM/ANCES40.<#b#b#e.> 

,C>LO ,CAFI]O 7BORN 9 ,B>LETTA 9 #ahdf ( A 0RI* & REACTION>Y FAMILY0.<#b#b#f.>7 WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,LONDON ,9T]NATIONAL :OM ,M>X 9T5D$ %\LD BE US$ TO HELP CONV]T ,ITALY & ,SPA9 TO ,M>XISM4 ,ON HIS RETURN TO ,ITALY IT WAS HE :O WAS CONV]T$ 9/EAD1 & 9 P>T BY ,MALATE/A'S EF=TS4 ,BAKUN9 COMPLET$ ! 0CONV]SION0 ! FOLL[+ YE>4 ,HE REMA9$ ACTIVE UNTIL #a#h#h#b1 :5 HE *AMPION$ ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC CAUSE4 ,A YE> LAT] ,CAFI]O SUFF]$ A M5TAL BREAKD[N FROM :I* HE NEV] RECOV]$4 ,HE DI$ 9 A M5TAL HOME 9 #a#h#i#b4 

,]RICO ,MALATE/A WAS BORN 9 ,SANTA ,M>IA ,CAPUA ,VET]E 7A G>RISON T[N ) A POPULATION ( #a1 9 ! PROV9CE ( ,CAS]TA7 ON ,DECEMB] #a#d1 #a#h#e#c4 ,WE KN[ V]Y LITTLE AB\T HIS FAMILY'S BACKGR\ND4 ,! POPUL> VIEW ?AT HE WAS DESC5D$ FROM NOBILITY IS BASELESS4 ,FABBRI.<#b#b#g.> DESCRIBES ,MALATE/A'S FA!R AS 0A MAN ( MOD]ATELY LIB]AL IDEAS0 AS WELL AS 0A RI* L&[N]40 ,ACCORD+ TO ,NETTLAU.<#b#b#h.> ! FAMILY CAME FROM ! 0PETIT B\RGEOISIE & 5GAG$ 9 COMM]CE10 & ?IS DESCRIPTION IS CONFIRM$ BY ,BOR<I.<#b#b#i.> :O REC\NTS ?AT ,MALATE/A WAS ALWAYS HI<LY AMUS$ BY HIS ALLEG$ DESC5T FROM ,SIGISMUNDO ,MALATE/A 0! FAM\S TYRANT ( ,RIM9I0 :O 9 ! #a#e? C5TURY ]ECT$ A TEMPLE TO ,GOD & HIS MI/RESS ,ISOTTA4 ,NO NOBLE BLOOD C\RS$ ?R\< HIS VE9S4 0,HIS MO!R & FA!R W]E RETIR+ & MODE/ L&[N]S40 

,FROM ,MALATE/A'S [N ACC\NT ( HIS FIR/ MEET+ ) ,BAKUN9 9 #a#h#g#b.<#b#c.> WE LE>N ?AT BY !N HIS MO!R & FA!R AS WELL AS A BRO!R & SI/] HAD DI$ FROM 0*E/ COMPLA9TS10 & 9 ANO!R >TICLE ( POLITICAL REM9ISC5CES1 ( ,GIUSEPPE ,FANELLI1 HE M5TIONS ?AT AT ! TIME 7#a#h#g#a7 0,I WAS A /UD5T & LIV$ ) MY BRO!R & AN OLD AUNT :O WAS MO!R TO US AFT] ! DEA? ( \R P>5TS40.<#b#c#a.> 

,! ,9T]NATIONAL HAD BE5 9TRODUC$ 9 ,ITALY BY B\RGEOIS :O 9 !IR LOVE = JU/ICE1 HAD DES]T$ !IR CLASS1 & 9 #ahgb & ALSO LAT] 9 MANY PLACES1 ! MAJORITY1 AT LEA/ ! LEAD]%IP & ACTIVE ELEM5TS W]E NOT WORK]S BUT Y\NG PEOPLE FROM ! MIDDLE- & L[]-MIDDLE-CLASS4.<#b#c#b.> 

#c 

,9 ! MIDDLE ( #ahga ,MALATE/A WAS NOT 9 HIS 0E>LY TW5TIES0 BUT JU/ OV] #ag YE>S OLD1 & ALREADY ACTIVE 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 

,:5 HE WAS F\RTE5 HE PROTE/$ OV] A LOCAL 9JU/ICE BY ADDRESS+ TO ,K+ ,VICTOR ,EMMANUEL ,I,I :AT ,FABBRI.<#b#c#c.> DESCRIBES AS AN 09SOL5T & ?REAT5+ LETT]0 :I* ,AU?ORITY TOOK SUFFICI5TLY S]I\SLY TO ORD] HIS >RE/ 7,M>* #b#e1 #a#h#f#h74 ,) ! HELP ( FRI5DS HIS FA!R SECUR$ HIS RELEASE FROM PRISON & AS WELL AS FROM ! ?REAT ( BE+ S5T TO A SPECIAL S*OOL 09 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT HIS FAMILY HAD SO NEGLECT$ HIS $UCATION AS A LOYAL SUBJECT ( ! ,CR[N40.<#b#c#d.> 

,AT SUPP] ON ! NI<T ( HIS RELEASE HIS FA!R TRI$ TO REPROA* HIS SON OR AT LEA/ W>N HIM TO BE MORE PRUD5T 9 FUTURE4 ,BUT ,FABBRI TELLS US ?AT ! Y\NG ,MALATE/A'S REPLY WAS SO 9TRANSIG5T ?AT ALL HIS FA!R C\LD SAY1 ) TE>S 9 HIS EYES WAS 0,MY POOR BOY1 IT DISPLEASES ME TO TELL Y\1 BUT AT ?IS RATE Y\ WILL 5D UP ON ! GALL[S40.<#b#c#e.> 

,TWO YE>S LAT] 7#a#h#g7 ACCORD+ TO ,ANGIOL9I.<#b#c#f.> HE WAS >RE/$ & S5T5C$ 9 ,NAPLES FOLL[+ A DEMON/RATION & 0S5T D[N0 FROM ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,NAPLES 7:]E HE WAS /UDY+ M$IC9E7 = A YE>4 

,MALATE/A'S S*OOL+ />T$ 9 ! LYCEE ( ,SANTA ,M>IA BUT HE WAS SOON TO MOVE ) HIS P>5TS TO ,NAPLES :]E HE ATT5D$ ! ,SCOLOPIAN S*OOL 7A RELIGI\S ORD] DEVOT$ TO $UCATION7 & /UDI$ ! CLASSICS4.<#b#c#g.> 

,I WAS !N 7#a#h#f#h7 A Y\? D$ICAT$ TO ! /UDY ( RHETORIC1 ,ROMAN ,HI/ORY & ,GIOB]TI'S PHILOSOPHY4 ,MY TEA*]S DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 /IFL+ 9 ME ! =CES ( NATURE1 SO ?AT ,I WAS ABLE TO PRES]VE 9 ! /UPID & CORRUPT+ 5VIRONM5T ( A MOD]N S*OOL MY 9TELLECTUAL SANITY & ! PURITY ( MY HE>T4.<#b#c#h.> 

,FROM ! ,SCOLOPIANS HE W5T TO ! ,M$ICAL ,S*OOL AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,NAPLES4 ,HE CAN HAVE AT MO/ COMPLET$ ?REE YE>S ( HIS M$ICAL /UDIES BE=E JO9+ ! ,9T]NATIONAL & ! YE>S FOLL[+ ?AT MOM5T\S DECISION W]E SO PACK$ ) POLITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY ?AT IT IS UNLIKELY ?AT HE EV] COMPLET$ HIS M$ICAL /UDIES4.<#b#c#i.> 

#d 

,AT ! AGE ( #ad HE WAS A BUDD+ ,REPUBLICAN & 9 DUE C\RSE APPLI$ = MEMB]%IP ( ! 0,UNIV]SAL ,REPUBLICAN ,ALLIANCE10 BUT ,MAZZ9I TURN$ D[N ! APPLICATION ON ! GR\NDS ?AT HIS T5D5CIES W]E TOO SOCIALI/IC & ?AT HE W\LD SOON HAVE GONE OV] TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,MALATE/A HAD NOT HE>D ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL UNTIL !N4 ,HIS 9SATIABLE CURIOSITY HAD TO BE SATISFI$ & HE SET AB\T F9D+ \T MORE2 9 ! C\RSE ( HIS SE>* HE MET A NUMB] ( MEMB]S ( ! ,ITALIAN SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & CAME UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,FANELLI & ,PALLAD9O4 ,HE JO9$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #a#h#g#a1 A FEW MON?S AFT] ! 09SPIR+0 EV5TS ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE4 ,HIS 5TRY 9TO ! ,NAPLES SECTION WAS ! BEG9N+ ( A NEW PHASE ( ACTIVITY )9 ! SECTION4 ,AS WELL AS A GR\P ( WORK]S1 MANY ( ,MALATE/A'S /UD5T FRI5DS FOLL[$ HIM4.<#b#d.> ,HE WAS ALSO 9DICAT+ NOT ONLY A GREAT CAPACITY = WORK BUT AN ABILITY TO 9SPIRE ?OSE >\ND HIM1 A GIFT HE RETA9$ ?R\<\T HIS LIFE4 

,MANY YE>S LAT] HE WAS TO DESCRIBE ! LIFE ( A MILITANT 9 ?OSE DAYS ( 05?USIASM0 :5 ! ,9T]NATIONALI/S W]E 0EV] READY = ANY SACRIFICE = ! CAUSE & W]E 9SPIR$ BY ! ROSIE/ HOPES40.<#b#d#a.> 

,EV]YONE GAVE TO PROPAG&A ALL !Y C\LD1 AS WELL AS :AT !Y C\LD NOT AF=D2 & :5 MONEY WAS %ORT WE GLADLY SOLD H\SEHOLD OBJECTS1 FAC+1 9 A RESIGN$ WAY1 ! REPRIM&S FROM \R RESPECTIVE FAMILIES4 ,= PROPAG&A WE NEGLECT$ \R WORK & \R /UDIES4 ,9 ANY CASE ! REVOLUTION WAS TO TAKE PLACE AT ANY MOM5T & W\LD PUT ALL MATT]S TO RI<TS6 ,(T5 ONE W5T TO PRISON1 BUT CAME \T ) MORE 5]GY ?AN BE=E2 P]SECUTIONS ONLY AWAK5$ \R 5?USIASM4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! P]SECUTIONS AT ?AT TIME W]E JOKES COMP>$ ) :AT TOOK PLACE LAT]4 ,AT ?AT TIME ! REGIME HAD EM]G$ FROM A S]IES ( REVOLUTIONS2 & ! AU?ORITIES1 FROM ! BEG9N+ /]N SO F> AS ! WORK]S1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! C\NTRY1 W]E CONC]N$1 %[$ A C]TA9 RESPECT = FRE$OM 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 A K9D ( EMB>RASSM5T AT BE+ SIMIL> TO ! ,B\RBON & ,AU/RIAN RUL]S1 :I* H[EV] DISAPPE>$ AS ! REGIME BECAME CONSOLIDAT$ & ! /RUGGLE = NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE REC$$ 9TO ! BACKGR\ND4.<#b#d#b.> 

,BUT HE ALSO DOES NOT HESITATE TO PO9T TO ALL ! FALSE POLITICAL ASSUMPTIONS ) :I*1 AT ! TIME1 !Y F$ !IR 5?USIASMS4 

,WE BELIEV$ 9 ! G5]AL DISCONT5T1 & S9CE ! POV]TY ?AT AFFLICT$ ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE WAS TRULY 9SUPPORTABLE1 WE ?\<T IT W\LD BE 5\< TO SET AN EXAMPLE1 & ) WEAPONS 9 \R H&S1 LAUN* ! SLOGAN 0D[N ) ! G5TLEFOLK10 = ! WORK+ MASSES TO SET AB\T ! B\RGEOISIE & TAKE POSSESSION ( ! L&1 ! FACTORIES & ALL !Y HAD PRODUC$ BY !IR EF=TS & ?AT HAD BE5 TAK5 AWAY FROM !M4 ,& !N ( C\RSE WE HAD A MY/ICAL FAI? 9 ! VIRTUES ( ! PEOPLE1 9 ITS ABILITIES1 9 ITS EQUALIT>IAN & LIB]T>IAN 9/9CTS4 

,FACTS DEMON/RAT$ !N & LAT] 7& !Y HAD BE=E AS WELL7 H[ F> WE W]E FROM ! TRU?4 ,IT WAS ONLY TOO CLE> ?AT HUNG]1 :5 !RE IS NO AW>5ESS ( 9DIVIDUAL RI<TS & A GUID+ IDEA TO ACTION1 DOES NOT RESULT 9 REVOLUTIONS2 AT MO/ IT CREATES SPORADIC RIS+S :I* ! SIGNORI1 IF !Y HAVE ANY S5SE1 CAN MU* MORE EASILY CONTROL BY DI/RIBUT+ BREAD & ?R[+ A FEW COPP]S TO ! CLAMOR+ MOB FROM !IR BALCONIES1 ?AN BY ORD]+ ! C>AB9E]S TO FIRE ON !M4 ,& IF \R WI%ES HAD NOT BL9D$ \R P[]S ( OBS]VATION1 WE C\LD EASILY HAVE NOT$ ! DEPRESS+1 & !RE=E C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y EFFECT ( HUNG]1 & ! FACT ?AT \R PROPAG&A WAS MO/ EFFECTIVE 9 ! LEA/ DEPRESS$ REGIONS & AMONG ?OSE WORK]S1 MO/LY >TISANS1 :O W]E 9 LESS DIFFICULT F9ANCIAL /RAITS4 

,UNLIKE MANY REVOLUTION>IES :O NEV] SAW ! WOOD ( REALITY = ! TREES ( !IR DREAMS1 ,MALATE/A WAS AT AN E>LY /AGE 9 HIS POLITICAL LIFE SUBJECT+ ALL ! HOPES & !ORIES ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES & TEA*]S TO ! CRITICAL TE/ ( REALITY4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO /RESS H[EV] ?AT :]EAS AS SO (T5 HAPP5S1 ! />RY-EY$ MISSION>Y-TYPE ( REVOLUTION>Y & ! ACTION-ABOVE-ALL-ELSE ACTIVI/ :O DESPISES ?OSE :O D>E TO /OP TO ?9K1 SOON LOSE !IR MISSION>Y ZEAL1 & TURN !IR ACTIVISM TO MORE MUNDANE PURSUITS1 ,MALATE/A NEV] AB&ON$ HIS REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY NOR DID HE LOSE HIS OPTIMISM1 AN OPTIMISM :I* MU/ BE SE5 MU* MORE AS CONFID5CE 9 HIMSELF & HIS CLOSE/ FRI5DS ?AN AS BL9D FAI? 9 SOME AN>*I/ OR SOCIALI/ MILL5NIUM4.<#b#d#c.> 

,9 A R>E AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL >TICLE WRITT5 9 #a#h#h#d1.<#b#d#d.> :5 HE WAS ?IRTY1 & 9T5D$ BO? AS A W>N+ & AN 9CITEM5T TO ! Y\? AT ?AT TIME1 HE DESCRIBES HIS [N FEEL+S AS A TE5AG]1 HIS DREAMS ( 0AN IDEAL WORLD0 & HIS FAI? 9 ! 0REPUBLIC0--9 ! CAUSE ( :I* HE HAD SE5 ! 9SIDE ( A ROYAL PRISON = ! FIR/ TIME--ONLY TO BE AW>E AS BE 5T]$ ! WORLD ( REALITY :AT PROBLEMS HAD TO BE SURM\NT$ TO A*IEVE HIS IDEAL WORLD1 & ! FACT ?AT ! REPUBLIC WAS A GOV]NM5T LIKE ANY O!R--& SOMETIMES EV5 WORSE4 

#e 

,E>LY 9 LIFE ,MALATE/A UND]/OOD ! DANG]S ( ! CULT ( ! P]SONALITY )\T1 NEV]!LESS1 EV] UND]-E/IMAT+ ANY MAN'S WOR?1 OR FAIL+ TO RECOGNIZE EXCEPTIONAL QUALITIES 9 O!RS1 OR ! 9FLU5CES !Y EX]T$ ON HIS [N DEVELOPM5T4 ,! FACT ?AT 9 HIS E>LY Y\? HE HAD TO *OOSE BETWE5 A GALAXY ( 0GREAT M50--,G>IBALDI1 ,MAZZ9I1 ,M>X1 & ,BAKUN9--MAY HAVE GIV5 HIM AN E>LY 9SI<T 9TO ! DANG]S ?AT /EMM$ FROM ASSOCIAT+ IDEAS ) P]SONALITIES4 ,9DE$ AT ! EI<? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION HELD 9 ,B]NE 9 ,OCTOB] #ahgf ,MALATE/A 7:O WAS ONE ( ! ,ITALIAN DELEGATES7 PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! HABIT ( CALL+ !MSELVES OR ( BE+ KN[N AS ,BAKUN9I/S1 0S9CE WE >E NOT1 SEE+ ?AT WE DO NOT %>E ALL ,BAKUN9'S !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL IDEAS1 & BECAUSE ABOVE ALL1 WE FOLL[ IDEAS & NOT M51 & REBEL AGA9/ ?IS HABIT ( EMBODY+ A PR9CIPLE 9 A MAN40.<#b#d#e.> 

,& ( ,MAZZ9I HE REF]S TO ! WAY 0POSSIBLY IRRITAT$ AT BE+ DEPRIV$ ( ?AT K9D ( PONTIFICATE ?AT HE HAD EX]CIS$ = MANY YE>S OV] ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 VIOL5TLY ATTACK$ ! ,COMMUNE & ! ,9T]NATIONAL & HELD BACK HIS FOLL[]S FROM ! /EPS ?AT !Y W]E AB\T TO TAKE40.<#b#d#f.> ,& HE WRITES ( ,G>IBALDI'S FOLL[]S & 0!IR DUCE0.<#b#d#g.> 7,MUSSOL9I HAD HIMSELF REF]R$ TO AS 0IL DUCE10 & S9CE ,MALATE/A'S REF]5CE TO ,G>IBALDI WAS WRITT5 9 #a#i#b#h1 AT ! HEI<T ( ,MUSSOL9I'S P[]1 HIS USE ( ! T]M = ,G>IBALDI CAN H>DLY BE CONSID]$ FLATT]+67 

,YET PRESUMABLY BECAUSE HE COMBAT$ ! IDEA ( SUP]MAN1 HE WAS AS G5]\S 9 PO9T+ TO ! QUALITIES & A*IEVEM5TS ( ?OSE ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES & 0M5TORS10 AS HE WAS UNCOMPROMIS+ 9 HIS CRITICISM ( !IR P]SONAL WEAKNESSES & :AT HE CONSID]$ !IR POLITICAL MI/AKES4 ,?IS APPROA* IS WELL ILLU/RAT$ BY ,MALATE/A'S >TICLE ( RECOLLECTIONS ( ,KROPOTK9 :I* IS 9CLUD$ AT ! 5D ( !SE ,NOTES1 & 9 HIS %ORT BUT G5]\S DEF5SE ( ,MAZZ9I 7#a#i#b#b73 

,WE W]E AGA9/ ,MAZZ9I = HIS WAY ( UND]/&+ ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE1 = ! PROVID5TIAL MISSION ?AT HE ATTRIBUT$ TO ,ITALY & TO ,ROME1 = HIS RELIGI\S DOGMATISM4 

,!RE W]E ALWAYS1 AS HAPP5S 9 ! HEAT ( ! /RUGGLE1 EXCESSES & MISUND]/&+ ON BO? SIDES2 BUT 9 ! SPIRIT ( OBJECTIVITY WE RECOGNIZE ?AT AT ! BOTTOM ( \R HE>TS & 9 ! S5TIM5TS ?AT 9SPIR$ US3 WE W]E ,MAZZ9IANS JU/ AS ,MAZZ9I WAS AN ,9T]NATIONALI/4 

,FUNDAM5TAL DIFF]5CES ( ME?OD EXI/$ & REMA91 JU/ AS !RE W]E & /ILL >E BASIC DIFF]5CES 9 PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS2 BUT ! ANIMAT+ SPIRIT WAS ! SAME4 ,LOVE AMONG M51 BRO!RHOOD AMONG PEOPLES1 SOCIAL JU/ICE & SOLID>ITY1 ! SPIRIT ( SACRIFICE1 ( DUTY4 ,& FUR!RMORE ! DECISIVE & UNRECONCILABLE HATR$ ( ! 9/ITUTION ( MON>*Y4.<#b#d#h.> 

#f 

,( ! 9FLU5CES 9 HIS [N DEVELOPM5T ,BAKUN9 TAKES PRIDE ( PLACE4 ,MALATE/A REF]R$ TO HIM AS 0! GREAT REVOLUTION>Y1 HE :O WE ALL LOOK UPON AS \R SPIRITUAL FA!R40 ,HIS GREATE/ QUALITY WAS HIS ABILITY TO 0COMMUNICATE FAI?1 ! DESIRE = ACTION & SACRIFICE TO ALL ?OSE :O HAD ! OPPORTUNITY ( MEET+ HIM4 ,HE W\LD SAY ?AT ONE NE$$ TO HAVE LE DIABLE AU CORPS2 & HE C]TA9LY HAD IT 9 HIM & 9 HIS SPIRIT4 

,I WAS A ,BAKUN9I/1 AS W]E ALL MY COMRADES ( ?OSE F> (F DAYS4 ,TODAY--& = V]Y MANY YE>S--,I W\LD NO LONG] DESCRIBE MYSELF AS SU*4 

,IDEAS HAVE DEVELOP$ & BE5 MODIFI$4 ,TODAY ,I F9D ?AT ,BAKUN9 9 POLITICAL ECONOMY & 9 ! 9T]PRETATION ( HI/ORY1 WAS TOO ,M>XI/2 ,I F9D ?AT HIS PHILOSOPHY WAS CONDUCT$ )\T POSSIBLE ISSUE 9 ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! ME*ANICAL CONCEPT ( ! UNIV]SE & ! FAI? 9 WILL OV] ! FATE ( MANK9D4 ,BUT ALL ?IS ( NO GREAT IMPORTANCE4 ,!ORIES >E UNC]TA9 & *ANG+ CONCEPTS2 & PHILOSOPHY1 CONSI/+ ( HYPO!SES 9HABIT+ ! CL\DS1 HAS LITTLE OR NO 9FLU5CE ON LIFE4 ,& ,BAKUN9 ALWAYS REMA9S1 9 SPITE ( ALL POSSIBLE DISAGREEM5TS1 \R GREAT MA/] & 9SPIRATION4 

,:AT IS LIV+ IS HIS RADICAL CRITICISM ( ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY & ( ! ,/ATE ?AT EMBODIES IT2 LIV+ IS ALWAYS ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! TWO LIES1 ! TWO GUISES1 9 :I* ! MASSES >E OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$3 DEMOCRATIC & DICTATORIAL2 & LIV+ IS HIS MA/]LY D5UNCIATION ( ?AT FALSE SOCIALISM HE CALL$ SOPORIFIC1 & :I* AIMS1 CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY AT CONSOLIDAT+ ! DOM9ION ( ! B\RGEOISIE LULL+ WORK]S TO 9ACTIVITY ) USELESS RE=MS4 ,& LIV+ >E1 ABOVE ALL1 ! 9T5SE HATR$ AGA9/ ALL ?AT DEGRADES & HUMILIATES MAN & ! UNLIMIT$ LOVE ( LIB]TY = ALL4.<#b#d#i.> 

#g 

,BUT AS HE HIMSELF WROTE ( ?AT P]IOD 0?\< NONE ( US HAD READ ,M>X1 WE W]E /ILL TOO ,M>XI/40.<#b#e.> ,FABBRI CONSID]$ ?AT ! P]IOD ( TRANSITION BETWE5 ! AN>*ISM ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL & ! AN>*ISM ?AT HE EXP\ND$ TO ! 5D ( HIS LIFE OCCURR$ DUR+ ! SEV5 OR EI<T YE>S FROM ! PUBLICATION ( ! L',ASSOCIAZIONE 7,LONDON1 #a#h#i7 TO L',AGITAZIONE 7,ANCONA1 #a#h#i#g74 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! SAME WRIT] OBS]VES ?AT ALREADY 9 ,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE 7,FLOR5CE1 #a#h#h#d7 0C]TA9 FUNDAM5TAL ASPECTS ( HIS EVOLUTION >E FAIRLY CLE>LY REVEAL$40 ,IT WAS 9 L',AGITAZIONE ?AT ,MALATE/A PUBLI%$ SIX >TICLES ON 0,9DIVIDUALISM 9 ,AN>*ISM10 0,H>MONY & ,ORGANIZATION0 9 :I*1 )\T POLEMICIZ+ OP5LY ) ,KROPOTK91 HE GIVES AN 9T]PRETATION ( AN>*ISM :I* IS 9 OP5 CONTRADICTION ) ! ,KROPOTK9IAN VIEW EXPRESS$ 9 ! ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD & HIS O!R WRIT+S ( ! TIME4.<#b#e#a.> 

,HE DESCRIBES HIS 0EVOLUTION0 9 A LETT] TO ,FABBRI.<#b#e#b.> 9 :I* HE CONFIRM$ ! LATT]'S VIEW ?AT S9CE #ahig HE HAD MODIFI$ HIS VIEWS ON SMALL DETAILS ONLY4 ,AT ! TIME 0,I HAD MORE FAI?1 MORE HOPE 9 SYNDICALISM--OR RA!R1 9 ! SYNDICATES--?AN ,I HAVE N[2 & COMMUNISM SEEM$ !N A MORE SIMPLE & AN EASI] SOLUTION ?AN IT APPE>S N[40 ,& HE GOES ON TO PO9T \T ?AT !RE WAS A GREAT] DIFF]5CE BETWE5 HIS IDEAS ( #ahig & ?OSE ( #a#h#g#b-#g#c-#g#d4 0,!N WE W]E 'KROPOTK9IANS' EV5 BE=E ,KROPOTK9 79 FACT ,KROPOTK9 F\ND ?OSE IDEAS :I* HE MADE HIS [N1 ALREADY WIDELY HELD BY US BE=E HE 5T]$ ! 'BAKUN9I/' W+ ( ! 9T]NATIONAL MOVEM5T740 ,HE REF]S TO ?IS AT GREAT] L5G? 9 AN >TICLE ON ! ,QUE/ION ( ,REVISIONISM 7#a#i#b#g7 & ALSO 9 HIS ,KROPOTK9 0,RECOLLECTIONS0 APP5D$ TO !SE ,NOTES4 

#h 

,MALATE/A WAS ! 0COMPLETE0 AN>*I/ PROPAG&I/4 ,E>LY 9 HIS POLITICAL LIFE HE LO/ ANY ILLUSIONS HE MI<T HAVE HAD AB\T HI/ORICAL 9EVITABILITY & REALIZ$ ?AT ONLY IF PEOPLE C\LD BE %AK5 \T ( !IR APA?Y & 0PU%$0 70SP+]E0 IS A FAVORITE WORD ( HIS :I* ONE CON/ANTLY MEETS 9 HIS WRIT+S7 TO ?9K & ACT = !MSELVES1 W\LD ?+S *ANGE4 ,HE WAS !RE=E AN 9DEFATIGABLE PROPAG&I/ ( ! WRITT5 & SPOK5 WORD4 ,BUT ALSO BECAUSE HE WAS AW>E ( ! LIMITS ( PROPAG&A AS SU* HE WAS ALSO AN ACTIVI/1 VIEW+ DIRECT ACTION1 9TELLIG5TLY CONCEIV$1 AS A VITAL ASPECT ( ! TASK ( PREP>+ ! 5VIRONM5T = REVOLUTION4 ,! ?IRD +R$I5T 9 ?IS 0COMPLETE0 AN>*I/ PROPAG&I/ WAS ?AT HE BEGAN AS AN ,9T]NATIONALI/ & REMA9$ ONE TO ! 5D ( HIS DAYS4 

7,UNLIKE \R 9TELLECTUAL EXPATRIATES :O D5\NCE EV]Y?+ ,5GLI% & LIVE LIKE PUCKASAHIBS 9 C\NTRIES :I*1 AP>T FROM ! CLIMATE & ! L[ CO/ ( LIV+ & *EAP LABOR1 >E /ILL A C5TURY BEH9D P]FIDI\S ,ALBION 9 !IR WAY ( LIFE & !IR LAWS1 ,MALATE/A WAS TRULY ! ,9T]NATIONALI/ BECAUSE HE LOV$ MANK9D )\T CEAS+ TO LOVE ,ITALY3 

0,IS IT NOT ABSURD0--HE ONCE WROTE 9 ANSW] TO A %OCK$ COMRADE--0TO BELIEVE ?AT HE :O LOVES ALL C\NTRIES1 :O LOOKS ON ! WORLD AS HIS IDEAL C\NTRY & SEEKS TO MAKE IT ! EFFECTIVE C\NTRY = ALL M51 L9K$ 9 BRO!RHOOD 9 WORK & = MUTUAL WELL-BE+1 %\LD MAKE AN EXCEPTION ( ! C\NTRY 9 :I* HE WAS BORN & ! PEOPLE ) :OM HE HAS GREAT] AFF9ITIES & L9KS8 444 ,LONG ,LIVE ,ITALY1 YES1 A ?\S& TIMES YES3 ,& ,LONG LIVE ALL ! C\NTRIES ( ! WORLD4 ,&1 IT IS UND]/OOD1 NOT ! POLITICAL ,/ATES1 ALL ( :I* WE WANT TO SEE DE/ROY$1 BUT ! PEOPLE1 EMANCIPAT$ FROM ALL POLITICAL & ECONOMIC OPPRESSION40.<#b#e#c.> 

,IF ,MALATE/A DEVOT$ MU* ( HIS ACTIVITY & ?\<T TO ! ,ITALIAN POLITICAL SC5E IT WAS BECAUSE HE FELT MORE ABLE TO MAKE AN EFFECTIVE CONTRIBUTION TO ! /RUGGLE 9 A C\NTRY & AMONG PEOPLE ) :OM HE %>$--AMONG O!R ?+S--A COMMON LANGUAGE4 ,BUT AS HE PUT IT3 

,= US1 \R C\NTRY IS ! :OLE WORLD2 = US EV]Y HUMAN A*IEVEM5T IS \RS JU/ AS IS EV]Y HUMAN %AME4 ,ITALY IS P>T ( ! WORLD1 & ?\< = ITS LIB]ATION WE SPECIALLY DEVOTE \R EF=TS1 IT IS ONLY BECAUSE H]E \R ACTIVITY CAN BE MORE EFFECTIVE BECAUSE H]E WE HAVE RELATIVES1 FRI5DS & COMRADES :O WE SPECIALLY LOVE4444 ,BUT ALL ?IS IS SO OBVI\S1 SO ELEM5T>Y1 SO COMMON-PLACE & HAS SO (T5 BE5 SAID ?AT ONE HAS TO MAKE AN EF=T TO REPEAT IT4.<#b#e#d.> 

#i 

,BECAUSE ( ! SPECIAL ATT5TION HE WAS ACCORD$ BY GOV]NM5T & POLICE 9 ,ITALY1 ,MALATE/A SP5T NE>LY HALF HIS LIFE 9 EXILE4 ,HIS FIR/ P]IOD ( EXILE 9 #ah< BEGAN :5 HE WAS TW5TY-FIVE4 ,HE RETURN$ TO ,ITALY 9 #ahhc ONLY TO LEAVE = ,S\? ,AM]ICA ! FOLL[+ YE>2 HE DID NOT RETURN UNTIL #ahig :5 HE $IT$ L',AGITAZIONE BUT BY #ahii WAS AGA9 9 EXILE4 ,HE RETURN$ TO ,ITALY 9 #a#i#a#c-#a#d = B>ELY A YE>1 & DID NOT MANAGE TO SET FOOT 9 HIS C\NTRY AGA9 UNTIL #aiai :]E HE SP5T ! NEXT #ac YE>S UNTIL HIS DEA? 9 #aicb 7EXCEPT = A BRIEF VISIT TO ,SWITZ]L& 9 #aibb ON ! OCCASION ( ! #e? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,/4 ,IMI] CONF]5CE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL :I* HE HAD ATT5D$ AS ! DELEGATE = ! ,NAPLES ,SECTION IS HIS Y\?74 ,?US ,MALATE/A SP5T ?IRTY-FIVE YE>S ( HIS LIFE 9 EXILE--MU* ( IT FILL$ ) ACTIVITY BUT ALSO MU* ( IT FRU/RAT$ BY 9ACTIVITY4 ,:AT IS CLE> H[EV]1 IS ?AT EV5 9 EXILE HE NEV] LO/ T\* ) ! ,ITALIAN POLITICAL SITUATION4 

,AT ! TIME ( WRIT+ !SE L9ES ! ,SUNDAY ,TELEGRAPH 7#b#e4#a4#f#d7 ILLU/RATES A REVIEW ( ,MR4 ,JOLL'S WORK ON ,! ,AN>*I/S.<#b#e#e.> ) A REPRODUCTION ( ! PHOTOGRAPH ( ,MALATE/A US$ ON ! COV] ( ?IS VOLUME & CAPTION$ 0,DANG]\S ,TYPE40 ,PR(ESSOR ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK 9 HIS ,HI/ORY P]PETUATES 9/EAD ! ROMANTIC PICTURE ( ! 0KNI<T ]RANT0 RANG+ ?R\< ,EUROPE & ! ,LEVANT 09 SE>* ( REVOLUTION>Y ADV5TURE40 ,O!RS ACCUS$ ,MALATE/A 9 HIS TIME1 ( BE+ A C[>D :O NEV] /OPP$ TO FACE ! MUSIC--?AT IS ! CONSEQU5CES ( HIS ACTIONS4 ,MALATE/A WAS A 0DANG]\S TYPE0 BUT NOT 9 ! S5SE CLE>LY IMPLI$ BY ! ,SUNDAY ,TELEGRAPH :I* TITLES ITS REVIEW 0,FUTILE ,GANG40 ,HE WAS DANG]\S SO F> AS GOV]NM5TS W]E CONC]N$1 BUT ADMIR$ & RESPECT$ AS A MAN ( 9TEGRITY & VISION BY PEOPLE FROM ALL WALKS ( LIFE ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,HIS LIFE WAS FULL ( ?OSE 9CID5TS :I* >E 0ROMANTIC0 :5 VIEW$ 9 RETROSPECT & BY ?OSE LIT]ATI :O 9 A LIFETIME HAVE NEV] SAID BOO TO A GOOSE EV5 9 ANG]1 BUT IT WAS QUITE CLE> ?AT AFT] ! E>LY YE>S :5 ,MALATE/A & HIS FRI5DS C\RT$ >RE/ & IMPRISONM5T AS P>T ( !IR PROPAG&A ACTIVITIES1 HE DID NOT CONSID] ?AT HIS EFFECTIV5ESS AS A PROPAG&I/ WAS GREAT] 9 PRISON ?AN AT LIB]TY EV5 9 EXILE4 ,ON ! O!R H& ?IS DID NOT PREV5T HIM FROM TAK+ BIG RISKS1 BUT !Y W]E :AT C\LD BE CALL$ CALCULAT$ RISKS4 

,MALATE/A1 AS ,I SEE HIM1 WAS NEI!R A ROMANTIC NOR A M>TYR TYPE4 ,BUT NEI!R DID HE LACK A S5SE ( HUMOR1 OR UND]E/IMATE HIS WOR? AS A POLITICAL ?9K] & P]SONALITY2 BUT HE WAS NEV] AN EXHIBITIONI/1 NOR A POSEUR4 ,HE OBVI\SLY S\<T APPROVAL & A FOLL[+ BUT ALWAYS ON ! /R5G? ( HIS >GUM5TS & NEV] BY COMPROMIS+ !M OR BY 5C\RAG+ ! CULT ( HIS P]SONALITY4 ,! FACT IS ?AT ,MALATE/A'S IDEAS & ACTIVITIES PROVOK$ HEAT$ DISCUSSION NOT ONLY AMONG ! ,ITALIAN ,LEFT BUT )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ITSELF4 ,IT IS ONLY S9CE HIS DEA? ?AT HIS IDEAS HAVE CEAS$ TO BE ! C5T] ( HEAT$ DISCUSSION 9 ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,P]HAPS N[ ! DISCUSSION WILL BE TAK5 UP 9 ! ,5GLI% SPEAK+ MOVEM5T6 

#a 

,?AT ,MALATE/A WAS F> FROM BE+ ! REVOLUTION>Y 9 SE>* ( ADV5TURE IS SURELY ILLU/RAT$ BY ! RELATIVELY 9ACTIVE YE>S--#a#i TO #a#i#a#i--SP5T 9 ,LONDON :I* W]E 9T]RUPT$ ONLY BY HIS P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,AN>*I/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESS 9 ,AM/]DAM 7#a#i#g7 & ?AT P]IOD ( LESS ?AN A YE> 7#a#i#a#c-#a#d7 9 ,ITALY4 ,HIS CONTRIBUTION TO ! ,CONGRESS IS NOTEWOR?Y = ITS PRACTICAL SUGGE/IONS & APPROA*4 ,I REF] TO ,MALATE/A'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO IT 9 ! CONCLUD+ SECTION ( ?IS VOLUME4 

,MALATE/A'S RETURN TO ,ITALY 7#a#i#a#c-#a#d7 IS A MODEL ( ! ?OR\<NESS & ! 5]GY ) :I* HE SET AB\T ANY TASK1 OR ASSIGNM5T HE UND]TOOK 7& ONE MU/ BE> 9 M9D ?AT BY !N HE WAS SIXTY1 AN AGE :5 MANY O!R REVOLUTION>IES W]E DEAD1 OR RE/+ ON !IR LAURELS & WRIT+ !IR MEMOIRS74 

,HIS DECISION WAS PROMPT$ BY A NUMB] ( CONSID]ATIONS PR9CIPAL AMONG !M ! POLITICAL 0HUN*0 ?AT ! ,ITALIAN SITUATION1 FOLL[+ ! UNPOPUL> ,TRIPOLITANIAN W> WAS RIPE = SOME 0PRACTICAL0 9ITIATIVE4 ,AT ! TIME ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS TORN BY 9T]NAL & P]SONAL POLEMICS1 L>GELY ! WORK ( A H&FUL ( 0COMRADES0 :O 9 DUE C\RSE TRANSF]R$ !IR ACTIVITIES TO ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 AS G5]ALLY IS ! CASE1 & IT WAS ) A VIEW TO ONCE AGA9 BR++ TOGE!R ! MOVEM5T ?AT ,CES>E ,AGO/9ELLI ! ,ANCONA HATT] & ,MALATE/A'S OLD COMRADE 9 >MS APPROA*$ HIM 9 ,LONDON1 & ,FABBRI :O WAS1 AT ! TIME1 DO+ A TEA*+ JOB 9 A VILLAGE 9 ,EMILIA1 AB\T HIS IDEA ( />T+ AN AN>*I/ PAP] 9 ,ANCONA4 ,BO? RESPOND$ 5?USIA/ICALLY4 ,FABBRI WAS DETAIL$ TO DRAFT A CIRCUL> ANN\NC+ ! =?COM+ PUBLICATION :I* ,MALATE/A SUGGE/$ %\LD BE CALL$ ,VOLONTA4 ,! FIR/ ISSUE APPE>$ 9 ,ANCONA1 ,JUNE #a#i#a#c1 & $IT$ BY ,MALATE/A FROM ,LONDON1 ,W,C#a4 ,FABBRI WRITES ?AT 0RI<T FROM ! />T ! NEW P]IODICAL BORE ! IMPR9T ( E>LI] ,MALATE/IAN NEWSPAP]S40.<#b#e#f.> ,BUT SO F> AS ! PRES5TATION W5T1 ,MALATE/A1 FROM ,LONDON WAS WRIT+ TO HIS FRI5D 7,JUNE #a#c73 0,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( ! FIR/ ISSUE ( ,VOLONTA8 ,TYPOGRAPHICALLY ITS HORRIBLE4 ,! QUALITY ( ! PAP] MAKES ME %UDD]4 ,LI<T 9K+ ON GRAY PAP]--TYPE TOO CRAMM$ ETC4 ,/ILL 444 WE WILL IMPROVE40 ,ON ! #a#f? ,JUNE HE WRITES TO ,AGO/9ELLI 0,! #bND ISSUE HAS >RIV$4 ,MU* BETT]1 WELL DONE6 ,IF WE GO ON IMPROV+ WE %ALL 5D UP BY DO+ SOME?+ REALLY GOOD4 ,TONI<T ,I WILL S5D Y\ ! $ITORIAL4 ,IT %\LD REA* Y\ BY ,?URSDAY4 ,TRY TO KEEP SPACE = IT4 ,I AM LATE--& ,I AM EXPECT+ A TELL+-(F4 ,BUT 9 FUTURE ,I HOPE ,I WILL MAKE AM5DS & NOT DES]VE Y\R /RICTURES 4440.<#b#e#g.> ,I QUOTE ?IS EXTRACT BECAUSE IT SEEMS TO ME TO %$ MORE LI<T ON ,MALATE/A'S *>ACT]1 HIS SIMPLICITY1 & HUMAN W>M? & COMRADE%IP ?AN ANY?+ A ?IRD P>TY C\LD WRITE ON ! SUBJECT4 

,& 9 ! C\RSE ( HIS LETT] TO ,FABBRI1 ,MALATE/A LETS HIM ONTO A SECRET 0:I* WILL PLEASE Y\3 ,I HAVE DECID$ TO COME TO ,ITALY40 ,& TO ,LUIGI ,B]TONI $ITOR ( ! BIL+UAL AN>*I/ =TNI<TLY ,LE ,REVEIL_/,IL ,RISVEGLIO1 PUBLI%$ = MANY YE>S 9 ,G5EVA1 HE WROTE 7,JULY #c1 #a#i#a#c7 0,I HAVE DECID$ TO LEAVE = ,ITALY T[>DS ! 5D ( ! MON?4 ,FRANKLY ,I F9D IT IMPOSSIBLE TO PRODUCE A PAP] FROM ?IS DI/ANCE TO MEET ! NE$S ( ! PRES5T SITUATION2 & FUR!RMORE ,I AM LOA! TO SPUR O!RS ON TO ACT :ILE ,I AM SAFELY TUCK$ AWAY .<9 ,LONDON.>40.<#b#e#h.> 

,MALATE/A'S ACTIVITY AS AN ORGANIZ]1 A PROPAG&I/ & REVOLUTION>Y AGITATOR DUR+ ?AT P]IOD ( LESS ?AN A YE> CAN BE GIV5 9 SOME DETAIL ?ANKS TO ! FACT ?AT 9 ! C\RSE ( AN ALLI$ BOMB>DM5T ( ,ANCONA1 DUR+ ! LA/ W>1 A POLICE /ATION WAS DE/ROY$4 ,TWO AN>*I/S1 SE>*+ AMONG ! DEBRIS1 F\ND ! POLICE DOSSI] ON ,MALATE/A :I* ,BOR<I PUBLI%$ AS AN APP5DIX TO ! PO/W> $ITION ( HIS BIOGRAPHY ( ,MALATE/A4.<#b#e#i.> ,! MAT]IAL PR9T$ COMES FROM ! DI>Y ( ! ,CAPTA9 ( ! ,C>AB9E]S ( ,ANCONA4 

0,MALATE/A'S RETURN FROM ,LONDON WAS ! SIGNAL = A REAWAK5+ ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,ANCONA10 :I* HAD BE5 R$UC$ TO A NUMB] ( 0DISORGANIZ$ & 9ACTIVE GR\PS0 )\T RES\RCES4 0,MALATE/A IMM$IATELY SET AB\T REORGANIZ+ IT4 ,HE MADE REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A AT MEET+S & GA!R+S2 BY LEAFLETS & ?R\< >TICLES 9 ! WEEKLY J\RNAL ,VOLONTA ( :I* HE IS ! $ITOR & :I* IS ! ORGAN ( ! P>TY40 

0,9 ,NOVEMB] #aiac AFT] HAV+ DRAWN TOGE!R ALL ! AN>*I/ ELEM5TS 9 ,ANCONA HE SUCCESSFULLY />T$ A ,CIRCLE ( ,SOCIAL ,/UDIES :]E MEMB]S & SYMPA?IZ]S MEET = READ+S ON SOCIAL SUBJECTS1 DISCUSSIONS1 & PROPAG&A MEET+S1 :I* >E FREQU5TLY PRESID$ OV] BY ,MALATE/A HIMSELF4 ,9 A %ORT TIME 9 ,ANCONA AN>*I/S & SYMPA?IZ]S NUMB] SOME #f 9DIVIDUALS CONSI/+ PR$OM9ANTLY ( DOCK PORT]S1 WORK]S1 & CRIM9AL ELEM5TS ( ! T[N40 ,A LI/ ( ! MO/ PROM95T AN>*I/S 9 ! T[N AP>T FROM ,MALATE/A 0:O IS ! UNDISPUT$ LEAD]0 FOLL[S4 0,!Y NUMB] #c#c1 & TO JUDGE FROM !IR TRADES & PR(ESSIONS1 & !IR AGES >E CLE>LY A REPRES5TATIVE CROSS SECTION ( ! WORK+ COMMUNITY4 ,!Y 9CLUDE %OEMAK]S1 C>P5T]S1 DOCKWORK]S1 /REET TRAD]S1 B>B]S1 %OP ASSI/ANTS1 & ONE /UD5T4 ,!IR AGES RANGE FROM ! E>LY TW5TIES1 PR$OM9ATE 9 ! ?IRTIES40 

,! ,CAPTA9 ALSO NOTES 9 HIS DI>Y ?AT ,MALATE/A HAD A SEASON TICKET :I* ALL[$ HIM TO TRAVEL ANY:]E ON ,/ATE RAILWAY NETWORKS1 & 0HE V]Y FREQU5TLY TRAVELS KEEP+ 9 CONTACT ) ! MORE PROM95T LEAD]S & 9 CON/ANT T\* ) ! O!R AN>*I/ GR\PS40 ,& ONE FEELS ?AT ! NEXT 5TRY IS MADE ) A MIXTURE ( FE> & ADMIRATION = ! MAN3 

,HIS QUALITIES AS AN 9TELLIG5T1 COMBATIVE SPEAK] :O SEEKS TO P]SUADE ) CALM1 & NEV] ) VIOL5T1 LANGUAGE1 >E US$ TO ! FULL TO REVIVE ! ALREADY SP5T =CES ( ! P>TY & TO W9 CONV]TS & SYMPA?IZ]S1 NEV] LOS+ SI<T ( HIS PR9CIPAL GOAL :I* IS TO DRAW TOGE!R ! =CES ( ! P>TY & UND]M9E ! BASES ( ! ,/ATE1 BY H9D]+ ITS WORK+S1 P>ALYZE ITS S]VICES1 & DO+ ANTI-MILIT>I/ PROPAG&A1 UNTIL ! FAVORABLE OCCASION >ISES TO OV]TURN & DE/ROY ! EXI/+ ,/ATE4 

,?OSE :O UND]E/IMATE ! P]CEPTION ( ! POLICE MU/ SURELY MAKE AN EXCEPTION H]E6 ,BUT !N ,MALATE/A WAS ALWAYS PO9T+ \T TO ?OSE :O S\<T TO PUT WORDS 9TO HIS M\? :I* HE HAD NEV] UTT]$1 9 ORD] TO LAUN* !IR ATTACKS ON HIM1 ?AT :AT HE HAD TO SAY WAS CRY/AL CLE> & C\LD NOT BE MISUND]/OOD4 ,&1 ONE CAN N[ ADD1 ?AT NOT EV5 A POLICEMAN C\LD MISS ! PO9TS HE MADE6 

,FROM ,AUGU/ #aiac TO ,MAY #aiad ! ,CAPTA9 LI/S #cg NOTEWOR?Y 0AN>*I/ DEMON/RATIONS0 9 ! PROV9CE AT #ba ( :I* ,MALATE/A TOOK P>T EI!R AS ! SPEAK] OR ONE ( A PANEL ( SPEAK]S4 

,H[ MANY PRIVATE MEET+S HE ATT5D$ DUR+ ?OSE MON?S1 EV5 ! ,CAPTA9 CANNOT TELL = AS HE NOTES3 0,! ORGANIZATIONAL WORK ( ,MALATE/A IS DIFFICULT TO P5ETRATE1 BY REASON ( ! PRUD5CE ) :I* HE ACTS1 & ! DISCRETION ( HIS TRU/$ FRI5DS1 & ! CIRCUMSPECTION ) :I* HE ACTS40 

,& HIS COMRADE 9 >MS & BIOGRAPH]1 ,FABBRI1.<#b#f.> REC\NTS ?AT DUR+ HIS %ORT RETURN TO ,ITALY ,MALATE/A ALSO LECTUR$ & SPOKE AT MEET+S 9 ! PR9CIPAL CITIES ( ,ITALY3 ,ROME1 ,MILAN1 ,FLOR5CE1 ,TUR91 ,LE<ORN ETC41 & 9 HIS CAPACITY AS J\RNALI/ ATT5D$ ! CONF]5CES ( ! V>I\S P>TIES & WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,LEFT :I* 9T]E/$ HIM ABOVE ALL 9 ORD] TO ASSESS :AT P>T !Y MI<T BE EXPECT$ TO PLAY 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVAL HE P9N$ HIS HOPES ON4 

#aa 

,IT WAS AT ! 5D ( ,MALATE/A'S BRIEF RETURN TO ,ITALY ?AT ! 0,R$ ,WEEK0 7,JUNE #a#i#a#d7 EXPLOD$4 ,FRE$OM PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ REPORT ( 0,! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE & ! ,9SURRECTION 9 ,ITALY0 BY ,MALATE/A HIMSELF1 :O WAS BACK 9 ,LONDON HAV+ ONLY JU/ MANAG$ TO ESCAPE >RE/4.<#b#f#a.> 

,! EV5TS :I* HAVE TAK5 PLACE REC5TLY >E ( ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE1 NOT SO MU* 9 !MSELVES1 BUT AS AN 9DICATION ( ! DISPOSITION ( ! ,ITALIAN PEOPLE & ( :AT WE CAN ANTICIPATE 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 

,! IMM$IATE CAUSE ( ! \TBREAK WAS A MASSACRE ( UN>M$ DEMON/RATORS BY ! G5D>MES ( ! T[N ( ,ANCONA4 

,= A YE> ! REVOLUTION>Y & LABOR ORGANIZATIONS ( ALL POLITICAL %ADES HAD BE5 C>RY+ ON AN AGITATION 9 FAVOR ( SEV]AL VICTIMS ( MILIT>Y DESPOTISM & = ! ABOLITION ( DISCIPL9>Y BATTALIONS1 TO :I* >E S5T ALL Y\NG SOLDI]S KN[N TO HOLD ANTI-MON>*ICAL & ANTI-B\RGEOIS OP9IONS4 ,! TREATM5T IS B>B>\S1 & ! UNHAPPY Y\NG M5 >E SUBMITT$ TO ALL K9DS ( MORAL & PHYSICAL TORTURES4 

,AS ! MEET+S & DEMON/RATIONS W]E HELD ALL OV] ,ITALY1 BUT ON DIFF]5T DATES1 !Y SEEM$ TO MAKE BUT LITTLE IMPRESSION ON ! ,GOV]NM5T2 & ! ,TRADES ,C\NCIL ( ,ANCONA PROPOS$1 !RE=E TO ORGANIZE MANIFE/ATIONS 9 ! :OLE C\NTRY ON ! SAME DAY1 ?AT DAY TO BE ! DATE ( ! (FICIAL CELEBRATION ( ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ,ITALIAN UNITY & ,MON>*Y4 ,AS ON !SE OCCASIONS GREAT MILIT>Y REVIEWS >E ALWAYS HELD1 ! COMRADES ?\<T ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T W\LD BE OBLIG$ TO PO/PONE ! REVIEW 9 ORD] TO HOLD ! TROOPS TO PRES]VE 0ORD]0 & ! ATT5TION ( ! :OLE PUBLIC W\LD BE DRAWN TO ! OBJECT ( ! DEMON/RATION4 

,! IDEA PUT =W>D BY ! ,ANCONA COMRADES WAS EV]Y:]E RECEIV$ ) 5?USIASM BY ALL ! OPPOSITION P>TIES4 ,! ,M9I/] ORD]$ ! POLICE TO PREV5T ANY PUBLIC DEMON/RATIONS4 ,( C\RSE1 ?AT DID NOT DET] US4 ,9 FACT1 WE HAD C\NT$ ON ! POLICE PROHIBITION TO GIVE MORE PUBLICITY TO ! DEMON/RATION & TO 9/IGATE ! MASSES TO RESI/ANCE4 

,TO /OP ! PEOPLE :O W]E LEAV+ A MEET+-HALL FROM GO+ TO ! C5TRAL SQU>E TO DEMON/RATE1 ! G5D>MES FIR$ ON ! UN>M$ CR[D1 KILL+ ?REE WORK]S1 & W\ND+ TW5TY MORE4 ,AFT] ?IS MASSACRE1 ! G5D>MES1 FRI<T5$1 RU%$ TO ! B>RACKS = %ELT]1 & ! PEOPLE W]E LEFT MA/]S ( ! T[N4 ,)\T ANYBODY M5TION+ ! WORD1 A G5]AL /RIKE WAS SOON COMPLETE1 & WORK]S COLLECT$ AT ! ,TRADES ,C\NCIL TO HOLD A MEET+4 

,! ,GOV]NM5T TRI$ TO PREV5T ! EV5TS ( ,ANCONA FROM BE+ TELEGRAPH$ TO O!R P>TS ( ! C\NTRY2 BUT NEV]!LESS BY-&-BY ! NEWS BECAME KN[N1 & /RIKES BROKE \T 9 ALL ! T[NS ( ,ITALY4 ,! TWO ,F$]AL LABOR ORGANIZATIONS ( ,ITALY1 ! ,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( LABOR1 :I* IS RE=MI/1 & ! ,UNIONE ,S9DACALE1 ) REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES1 PROCLAIM$ A G5]AL /RIKE1 & ! SAME WAS DONE BY ! ,RAILWAYM5'S ,UNION4 

,!SE /RIKES & DEMON/RATIONS 9 SEV]AL T[NS PROVOK$ NEW CONFLICTS ) POLICE1 & NEW MASSACRES4 ,AT ONCE1 )\T ANY COMMON UND]/&+1 ONE PLACE IGNORANT ( :AT ! O!R WAS DO+1 AS COMMUNICATIONS W]E BROK5 (F1 ! MOVEM5T ASSUM$ EV]Y:]E AN 9SURRECTIONAL *>ACT]1 & 9 MANY PLACES ! ,REPUBLIC1 :I* MEANT = ! PEOPLE ! AUTONOM\S ,COMMUNE1 WAS PROCLAIM$4 

,ALL WAS GO+ SPL5DIDLY2 ! MOVEM5T WAS DEVELOP+1 & ! RAILWAY /RIKE1 SPREAD+ ON ALL L9ES1 P>ALYZ$ ! ,GOV]NM5T2 ! WORK]S W]E BEG9N+ TO TAKE MEASURES ( PRACTICAL ,COMMUNISM 9 VIEW ( REORGANIZ+ SOCIAL LIFE ON A NEW BASIS2 :5 SUDD5LY ! ,CONF$]ATION ( LABOR1 BY AN ACT :I* HAS BE5 QUALIFI$ AS TREA*]Y1 ORD]$ ! /RIKE (F1 !REBY ?R[+ ! WORK]S 9TO CONFUSION & DISC\RAG+ !M4 

,! ,GOV]NM5T WAS NOT SL[ TO PR(IT BY ?IS CONDITION1 & BEGAN TO RE/ORE 0ORD]40 

,IF IT HAD NOT BE5 = ! BETRAYAL ( ! ,CONF$]ATION1 ?\< WE C\LD NOT YET HAVE ! REVOLUTION = ! LACK ( NECESS>Y PREP>ATION & UND]/&+1 ! MOVEM5T W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE ASSUM$ L>G] PROPORTIONS & A MU* GREAT] IMPORTANCE4 

,9 EV]Y WAY !SE EV5TS HAVE PROV$ ?AT ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE HATE ! PRES5T ORD]2 ?AT ! WORK]S >E DISPOS$ TO MAKE USE ( ALL OPPORTUNITIES TO OV]?R[ !4 ,GOV]NM5T2 & ?AT :5 ! FI<T IS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! COMMON 5EMY--?AT IS TO SAY1 ! ,GOV]NM5T & ! B\RGEOISIE--ALL >E BRO!RS1 ?\< ! NAMES ( ,SOCIALI/1 ,AN>*I/1 ,SYNDICALI/1 OR ,REPUBLICAN MAY SEEM TO DIVIDE !M4 

,N[ IT IS UP TO REVOLUTION>IES TO PR(IT BY !SE GOOD DISPOSITIONS4 

#ab 

,%ORTLY AFT] HIS RETURN TO ,LONDON W> BROKE \T 7,AUGU/ #a#i#a#d7 & NOT ONLY WAS ANY AN>*I/ ACTIVITY MADE MORE DIFFICULT BY ! PHYSICAL RE/RICTIONS IT IMPOS$1 BUT ! FACT ?AT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ITSELF WAS DIVID$ 9 ITS ATTITUDE TO ! CONFLAGRATION MEANT ?AT MU* ( ITS ACTIVITY W\LD BE NEUTRALIZ$ BY 9T]NAL POLEMICS4 ,9 ,FRE$OM1 ,NOVEMB] #aiad WE F9D >TICLES BY ,KROPOTK91 ,JEAN ,GRAVE1 ,T*]KESS(F1 & A LETT] BY ! ,BELGIAN AN>*I/ ,V]BEL5 ALL PUTT+ =W>D >GUM5TS :Y AN>*I/S %\LD SUPPORT ! ,ALLI$ CAUSE4 ,& TO REBUT !IR RATIONALIZATIONS WAS ,MALATE/A'S CONTRIBUTION3 0,AN>*I/S HAVE =GOTT5 !IR ,PR9CIPLES0 7SEE ,APP5DIX ,I74 ,! TITLE WAS UN=TUNATE S9CE1 AS ,MALATE/A NOTES 9 ! FIR/ P>AGRAPH IT APPLI$ TO A M9ORITY ( AN>*I/S1 EV5 IF AMONG !M W]E 0COMRADES :OM WE LOVE & RESPECT MO/10 YET ! AU?OR ( ! REC5T /UDY ( ,! ,AN>*I/S HAS US$ ! TITLE1 TO IMPLY ?AT ,MALATE/A WAS A LONE VOICE 9 A PRO-W> AN>*I/ WILD]NESS3 

,HE .<,MALATE/A.> QU>REL$ ) ,KROPOTK9 OV] ,KROPOTK9'S SUPPORT = ! W>2 & HE REMA9$ A VOICE ( ! AN>*I/ CONSCI5CE CON/ANTLY DECL>+ ?AT--TO QUOTE ! TITLE ( ONE ( HIS ,5GLI% >TICLES ( #a#i#a#d--0,! ,AN>*I/S HAVE =GOTT5 !IR PR9CIPLES40.<#b#f#b.> 

,AS ,MR4 ,JOLL NOTES LAT]3 0.<9 #a#i#a#i.> ,MALATE/A RETURN$ TO ,ITALY 9 TRIUMPH0 7P4#a#g#i7 & ?AT ,KROPOTK9'S 0POSITION0 :5 HE RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA 9 ! SUMM] ( #aiag 0WAS A CURI\S ONE1 = HIS SUPPORT ( ! W> HAD ALI5AT$ HIM FROM NE>LY ALL ! REVOLUTION>IES ON ! LEFT0 7P4#a#h74 

,9DE$1 BUT = ! FACT ?AT ! !N $ITOR ( ,FRE$OM1 ,?OMAS ,KEELL1 :O WAS AS OPPOS$ TO ! W> AS ,MALATE/A & ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 WAS CONC]N$ AS $ITOR ( AN AN>*I/ J\RNAL TO GIVE ! 0PRO-W> AN>*I/S0 MORE ?AN A FAIR HE>+1 ,KROPOTK9 & HIS SUPPORT]S W\LD HAVE F\ND !MSELVES 9 ! POLITICAL WILD]NESS SOON] ?AN !Y DID4 

,:5 ,ITALY JO9$ ! ALLIES ,MALATE/A REIT]AT$ HIS OPPOSITION TO W> 9 AN >TICLE HEAD$ ,ITALY ,ALSO6 7,FRE$OM1 ,JUNE #a#i#a#e74 ,9 IT HE LAM5TS ?AT 9 SPITE ( 0! FACT ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ,SOCIALI/S & ,SYNDICALI/S1 & ALL ! ,AN>*I/S 7EXCEPT A V]Y FEW7 W]E SOLID AGA9/ W>0 :I* 0GAVE US ! HOPE ?AT ,ITALY W\LD ESCAPE ! MASSACRE & KEEP ALL H] =CES = ! WORKS ( PEACE & CIVILIZATION10 ,ITALY 0HAS BE5 DRAGG$ 9TO ! SLAU<T]40 ,& HE ADDS3 

,WE DO NOT KN[1 = WANT ( RELIABLE 9=MATION1 ! PRES5T SITUATION 9 ,ITALY1 & :AT >E ! TRUE FACTORS ?AT HAVE DET]M9$ SO QUICK A *ANGE 9 H] ATTITUDE4 ,BUT ONE R$EEM+ FEATURE IS REVEAL$ BY ! NEWS RECEIV$ 9 ,LONDON4 

,! ,ITALIAN GOV]NM5T HAS FELT ?AT IT WAS NOT SAFE TO MAKE W> )\T SUPPRESS+ EV]Y LIB]TY1 & PUTT+ 9 PRISON A GREAT NUMB] ( ,AN>*I/S4 

,?IS MEANS ?AT ! ,AN>*I/S REMA9 LOYAL TO !IR FLAG TO ! LA/1 & :AT IS MORE IMPORTANT1 ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T FE>S !IR 9FLU5CE ON ! MASSES4 

,?IS GIVES US ! ASSURANCE ?AT AS SOON AS ! W> FEV] HAS CALM$ D[N WE WILL BE ABLE TO BEG9 AGA9 \R [N W>--! W> = HUMAN LIB]TY1 EQUALITY1 & BRO!RHOOD--& 9 BETT] CONDITIONS ?AN BE=E1 BECAUSE ! PEOPLE WILL HAVE HAD ANO!R EXP]I5CE1 & :AT A T]RIBLE ONE6 444 

,& 9 #aiaf ,MALATE/A REPLIES TO ! PRO-W> ,MANIFE/O SIGN$ BY ,KROPOTK91 ,JEAN ,GRAVE1 ,MALATO1 & ?IRTE5 O!R 0OLD COMRADES0 9 ! $ITORIAL COLUMNS ( ,FRE$OM.<#b#f#c.> 9 :I* HE RECOGNIZES ! 0GOOD FAI? & GOOD 9T5TIONS0 ( ! SIGNATORIES AS BE+ 0BEYOND ALL QUE/ION10 BUT MU/ DISSOCIATE HIMSELF FROM 0COMRADES :O CONSID] !MSELVES ABLE TO RECONCILE AN>*I/ IDEAS & COOP]ATION ) ! ,GOV]NM5TS & CAPITALI/ CLASSES ( C]TA9 C\NTRIES 9 !IR /RIFE AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/S & ,GOV]NM5TS ( C]TA9 O!R C\NTRIES40 

,BUT ?IS HE HAD ALREADY DONE 9 A LETT] TO ,FRE$OM.<#b#f#d.> 9 ! FIR/ MON?S ( ! W> 9 ANSW] TO ,KROPOTK9'S >TICLE 9 :I* HE >GU$ ?AT 0AN ANTI-MILIT>I/ PROPAG&I/ \<T NEV] TO JO9 ! ANTI-MILIT>I/ AGITATION )\T TAK+ 9 HIS 9N] SELF A SOLEMN V[ ?AT 9 CASE A W> BREAKS \T1 NOT)/&+ ALL EF=TS TO PREV5T IT1 HE WILL GIVE ! FULL SUPPORT ( HIS ACTION TO ! C\NTRY ?AT WILL BE 9VAD$ BY A NEI<BOR1 :OSOEV] ! NEI<BOR MAY BE4 ,BECAUSE1 IF ! ANTI-MILIT>I/S REMA9 M]E ONLOOK]S ON ! W>1 !Y SUPPORT BY !IR 9ACTION ! 9VAD]S2 !Y HELP !M TO MAKE SLAVES ( ! CONQU]$ POPULATIONS2 !Y AID !M TO BECOME /ILL /RONG]1 & ?US TO BE A /ILL /RONG] OB/ACLE TO ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION 9 ! FUTURE40 

,MALATE/A'S REPLY WAS C\*$ 9 CONCILIATORY T]MS ?\< IT MU/ HAVE BE5 OBVI\SLY CLE> TO HIM ?AT !RE WAS NO POSSIBILITY ( ,KROPOTK9 0SEE+ HIS ]ROR0 9 VIEW ( ! KN[N FACT ?AT HE HAD BE5 = T5 YE>S 0PREA*+ AGA9/ ! ',G]MAN DANG]4'0 

,DE> ,COMRADE--,ALL[ ME TO SAY A FEW WORDS ON ,KROPOTK9'S >TICLE ON ,ANTI-MILIT>ISM PUBLI%$ 9 Y\R LA/ ISSUE4 ,9 MY OP9ION1 ANTI-MILIT>ISM IS ! DOCTR9E :I* AFFIRMS ?AT MILIT>Y S]VICE IS AN ABOM9ABLE & MURD]\S TRADE1 & ?AT A MAN \<T NEV] TO CONS5T TO TAKE UP >MS AT ! COMM& ( ! MA/]S1 & NEV] FI<T EXCEPT = ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 

,IS ?IS TO MISUND]/& ANTI-MILIT>ISM8 

,KROPOTK9 SEEMS TO HAVE =GOTT5 ! ANTAGONISM ( ! CLASSES1 ! NECESSITY ( ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION1 & ALL ! ,AN>*I/ TEA*+S2 & SAYS ?AT AN ANTI-MILIT>I/ \<T ALWAYS TO BE READY1 9 CASE A W> BREAKS \T1 TO TAKE >MS 9 SUPPORT ( ! 0C\NTRY ?AT WILL BE 9VAD$02 :I* CONSID]+ ! IMPOSSIBILITY1 AT LEA/ = ! ORD9>Y WORKMAN1 ( V]IFY+ 9 TIME :O IS ! REAL AGGRESSOR1 PRACTICALLY MEANS ?AT ,KROPOTK9'S 0ANTI-MILIT>I/0 \<T ALWAYS TO OBEY ! ORD]S ( HIS GOV]NM5T4 ,:AT REMA9S AFT] ?AT ( ANTI-MILIT>ISM1 &1 9DE$1 ( ,AN>*ISM TOO8 

,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ,KROPOTK9 R5\NCES ANTI-MILIT>ISM BECAUSE HE ?9KS ?AT ! NATIONAL QUE/IONS MU/ BE SOLV$ BE=E ! SOCIAL QUE/ION4 ,= US1 NATIONAL RIVALRIES & HATR$S >E AMONG ! BE/ MEANS ! MA/]S HAVE = P]PETUAT+ ! SLAV]Y ( ! WORK]S1 & WE MU/ OPPOSE !M ) ALL \R /R5G?4 ,& SO TO ! RI<T ( ! SMALL NATIONALITIES TO PRES]VE1 IF Y\ LIKE1 !IR LANGUAGE & !IR CU/OMS1 ?AT IS SIMPLY A QUE/ION ( LIB]TY1 & WILL HAVE A REAL & F9AL SOLUTION ONLY :51 ! ,/ATES BE+ DE/ROY$1 EV]Y HUMAN GR\P1 NAY1 EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 WILL HAVE ! RI<T TO ASSOCIATE )1 & SEP>ATE FROM1 EV]Y O!R GR\P4 

,IT IS V]Y PA9FUL = ME TO OPPOSE A BELOV$ FRI5D LIKE ,KROPOTK91 :O HAS DONE SO MU* = ! CAUSE ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,BUT = ! V]Y REASON ?AT ,KROPOTK9 IS SO MU* E/EEM$ & LOV$ BY US ALL1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO MAKE KN[N ?AT WE DO NOT FOLL[ HIM 9 HIS UTT]ANCES ON ! W>4 

,I KN[ ?AT ?IS ATTITUDE ( ,KROPOTK9 IS NOT QUITE NEW1 & ?AT = MORE ?AN T5 YE>S HE HAS BE5 PREA*+ AGA9/ ! 0,G]MAN DANG]02 & ,I CONFESS ?AT WE W]E 9 ! WRONG 9 NOT GIV+ IMPORTANCE TO HIS ,FRANCO-,RUSSIAN PATRIOTISM1 & 9 NOT =ESEE+ :]E HIS ANTI-,G]MAN PREJUDICES W\LD L& HIM4 ,IT WAS BECAUSE WE UND]/OOD ?AT HE MEANT TO 9VITE ! ,FR5* WORK]S TO ANSW] A POSSIBLE ,G]MAN 9VASION BY MAK+ A ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION--?AT IS1 BY TAK+ POSSESSION ( ! ,FR5* SOIL1 & TRY+ TO 9DUCE ! ,G]MAN WORK]S TO FRAT]NIZE ) !M 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,FR5* & ,G]MAN OPPRESSORS4 ,C]TA9LY WE %\LD NEV] HAVE DREAM$ ?AT ,KROPOTK9 C\LD 9VITE ! WORK]S TO MAKE COMMON CAUSE ) GOV]NM5TS & MA/]S4 

,I HOPE HE WILL SEE HIS ]ROR1 & BE AGA9 ON ! SIDE ( ! WORK]S AGA9/ ALL ! ,GOV]NM5TS & ALL ! B\RGEOIS3 ,G]MAN1 ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 ,RUSSIAN1 ,BELGIAN1 ETC4 

,Y\RS FRAT]NALLY1 

,E4 ,MALATE/A 

#ac 

,MALATE/A SP5T MANY1 YE>S ( HIS EXILE 9 ,LONDON4 ,:5 HE >RIV$ 9 #ai HE WAS =TY-SEV5 & AT ! HEI<T ( HIS 9TELLECTUAL P[]S1 & AP>T FROM ! P]IOD #a#i#a#c-#a#d SP5T SO ACTIVELY 9 ,ITALY1 REMA9$ 9 ,LONDON UNTIL ! 5D ( #a#i#a#i4 ,:Y DID ! OLD ,9T]NATIONALI/ APP>5TLY REMA9 RELATIVELY 9ACTIVE = SO MANY YE>S8 ,IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT EV5 ,NETTLAU 9 HIS DETAIL$ BIOGRAPHY ( ,MALATE/A HAS NO?+ TO SAY AB\T ?OSE YE>S O!R ?AN REF]5CES TO HIS ANTI-W> /& & ! CRIM9AL LIBEL CASE AGA9/ ,MALATE/A 79 #a#i#a#c7 :I* E>N$ HIM A ?REE MON?'S PRISON S5T5CE & A RECOMM5DATION = DEPORTATION1 :I* WAS NOT H[EV] PROCE$$ ) BY ! ,HOME ,SECRET>Y ?ANKS TO WIDESPREAD DEMON/RATIONS & PROTE/S :I* HAD MADE CLE> 9 :AT HI< E/EEM ,MALATE/A WAS HELD BY A WIDE PUBLIC 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 

,ONE KN[S ?AT ,KEELL1 = MO/ ( ?OSE YE>S CLOSELY CONNECT$ ) ,FRE$OM1 AS PR9T] & LAT] AS $ITOR TOO HAD A HI< REG>D = HIM1 & 9 ! ,FRE$OM ,BULLET9 ( ,DECEMB] #aicb :I* WAS A ,MALATE/A ,MEMORIAL NUMB]1 ,KEELL REC\NTS ?AT 0IF HE W]E ASK$ TO WRITE AN >TICLE HE W\LD AT FIR/ REFUSE1 SAY+ WE %\LD GET ,5GLI% COMRADES TO WRITE = AN ,5GLI% PAP]2 BUT 9 ! 5D HE USUALLY AGRE$40 ,JUDG+ BY ! NUMB] ( HIS >TICLES ONE F9DS 9 ! FILES ( ,FRE$OM = ?OSE YE>S ONE CAN ONLY CONCLUDE ?AT HE WAS NOT (T5 ASK$6 ,TO :AT EXT5T WAS ,MALATE/A 9HIBIT$ FROM WORK+ ) ! ,5GLI% MOVEM5T & CONTRIBUT+ TO ,FRE$OM BECAUSE ( HIS DIFF]5CES ) ,KROPOTK9 7) :OM HE WAS ALWAYS C>EFUL TO AVOID 5GAG+ 9 PUBLIC POLEMIC--?\< ?IS DID NOT PREV5T HIM FROM PURSU+ HIS [N L9E ( ?\<T 9 ALL HIS ,ITALIAN WRIT+S78 ,NETTLAU 9 AN IMPORTANT S]IES ( >TICLES ON ,MALATE/A AFT] HIS DEA? EXPLA9S ?AT HIS RELUCTANCE TO JO9 ISSUE ) ,KROPOTK9 WAS NOT = 0REASONS ( FRI5D%IP1 BUT BECAUSE HE ?\<T ?AT ! POSITION ,KROPOTK9 HAD E/ABLI%$ = HIMSELF 9 ! PUBLIC M9D 9 ! L>GE C\NTRIES1 BY HIS P]SONALITY1 HIS 9TELLIG5CE & PRE/IGE1 WAS AN ASSET ( GREAT IMPORTANCE TO ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T0 & ?AT ONLY :5 ,KROPOTK9 S\<T TO USE IT 9 FAVOR ( ! ,ALLIES 9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> DID ,MALATE/A FEEL OBLIG$ TO *ALL5GE HIS OLD FRI5D & COMRADE4.<#b#f#e.> 

#ad 

,AS WELL AS CONTRIBUT+ TO A L>GE NUMB] ( J\RNALS DUR+ HIS LIFETIME1 7& ( C\RSE MANY ( HIS >TICLES W]E TRANSLAT$ & PUBLI%$ 9 J\RNALS ?R\<\T ! WORLD7 ,MALATE/A WAS ! $ITOR ( A NUMB]1 NEV] H[EV] = A LONG TIME1 MA9LY BECAUSE ( POLICE ATT5TION OR GOV]NM5T SUPPRESSION4 ,! LI/ 9CLUDES ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE 7,FLOR5CE1 #a#h#h#c-#h#d2 ,BU5OS ,AIRES #a#h#h#e2 ,PAT]SON1 ,N,J1 #a#h#i#i-#a#i71 L',ASSOCIAZIONE 7,ANCONA1 #a#h#h#i-#i71 L',AGITAZIONE 7,ANCONA1 #a#h#i#g-#i#h71 ,VOLONTA 7,ANCONA1 #a#i#a#c-#a#d71 ,UMANITA ,NOVA 7#a#i#b-#b#b71 ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA 7#a#i#b#d-#b#f74.<#b#f#f.> ,MALATE/A NEV] WROTE A FULL SCALE WORK ON HIS IDEAS1 & ! MEANS BY :I* HE ?\<T !Y C\LD BE A*IEV$1 EV5 ?\< ONE F9DS HIM H9T+ 9 A LETT] TO ,FABBRI ?AT HE MI<T DO SOME?+ TO PLEASE ,FABBRI 9 ?IS RESPECT1 JU/ AS HE NEV] WROTE HIS MEMOIRS 9 SPITE ( ALL K9DS ( ATTRACTIVE (F]S BY PUBLI%]S TO DO SO4.<#b#f#g.> ,HIS PAMPHLETS MO/LY WRITT5 AT ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY 9CLUDE ,AN>*Y 7#a#h#i#a7 & ?OSE FAM\S DIALOGUES ,FRA ,CONTAD9I 7#a#h#h#d71 ,AL ,CAFFE 7#a#i#b71 ,9 ,TEMPO DI ,ELEZIONI 7#a#h#i7 :I* HAD AN IMM5SE SUCCESS AT ! TIME ?\< WE >E ALL TOO SOPHI/ICAT$ TODAY TO HAVE \R PROPAG&A 9 ?IS =M 7IT'S N[ DONE 0LIVE0 ON ,TELEVISION674 

#ae 

,AFT] ! YE>S ( FRU/RATION 9 ,LONDON DUR+ ! #a#i#a#d-#a#h ,W>1 ,MALATE/A AFT] MU* DIFFICULTY MANAG$ TO RETURN TO ,ITALY AT ! 5D ( #aiai & ! NEXT ?REE YE>S 7AP>T FROM A P]IOD ( T5 MON?S 9 PRISON7 W]E PROBABLY AMONG ! MO/ ACTIVE & REW>D+ 9 HIS LONG LIFETIME EV5 ?\< ONCE AGA9 ! HOP$-= 9SURRECTION DID NOT MAT]IALIZE1 & ! DEFEAT ( ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T 9 ,ITALY WAS TO BE M>K$ BY ,MUSSOL9I'S 0M>*0 TO P[]4 ,AS WELL AS $IT+ ! DAILY AN>*I/ PAP] ,UMANITA ,NOVA1 ,MALATE/A ADDRESS$ MEET+S ALL OV] ,ITALY1 & WAS 5GAG$ 9 SEEK+ TO BR+ TOGE!R ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ & REPUBLICAN P>TIES1 & 9 ! ,TRADE ,UNION MOVEM5T4 ,A DETAIL$ /UDY ( ?IS P]IOD W\LD BE A REW>D+ TASK = IT W\LD NOT ONLY GIVE A CLE> PICTURE ( ,MALATE/A AT WORK & HIS ME?OD ( WORK+1 BUT ALSO %[ TO :AT EXT5T A MOVEM5T )\T L>GE RES\RCES1 & 9CLUD+ 9 ITS RANKS ALL %ADES ( AN>*ISM1 9CLUD+ ANTI-ORGANIZ]S & BELIEV]S 9 ORGANIZATION1 C\LD WORK TOGE!R = A COMMON CAUSE4 

,ONE W\LD1 ( C\RSE1 SEE ! %ORTCOM+S1 & ! WEAKNESSES1 BUT ONE W\LD ALSO F9D1 9 MY OP9ION1 EV5 GREAT] %ORTCOM+S 9 ! O!R ANTIFASCI/1 & REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS 9 SPITE ( 7OR P]HAPS BECAUSE (87 !IR AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE4 ,! AN>*I/S FAIL$ TO /OP ,MUSSOL9I1 BUT SO TOO DID ! ,SOCIALI/ & ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES AS WELL AS ! ,TRADES ,UNION ORGANIZATIONS4 

,UMANITA ,NOVA MANAG$ TO SURVIVE = OV] TWO YE>S1 AGA9/ ALL K9DS ( PHYSICAL DIFFICULTIES1 FROM PAP] RATION+ TO ! DE/RUCTION ( ! PR9T+ WORKS & (FICES BY GANGS ( Y\NG FASCI/ ?UGS1 & AT ITS PEAK HAD A DAILY CIRCULATION ( #e1 COPIES4 ,AT ! HEI<T ( ! AGITATION AMONG ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 ,MALATE/A1 ,BOR<I 7:O WAS !N SECRET>Y ( ! ,UNIONE ,S9DACALE ,ITALIANA1 ! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ ,UNION :I* HAD SPRUNG 9TO LIFE AFT] ! W> & HAD A MEMB]%IP ( MORE ?AN #e171 & SOME #h O!R AN>*I/S W]E >RE/$ 7,OCTOB] #a#i#b7 & W]E HELD 9 PRISON AWAIT+ TRIAL UNTIL ! FOLL[+ ,JULY4 ,AT !IR TRIAL :I* LA/$ F\R DAYS1 & :I* ,MALATE/A US$ TO GREAT EFFECT TO PLEAD HIS POLITICAL CAUSE1 !Y W]E ACQUITT$ BY ! JURY & SET FREE4.<#b#f#h.> ,HE MOV$ TO ,ROME :]E ,UMANITA ,NOVA HAD BE5 TRANSF]R$ 9 ,MAY #a#i#b#a1 & RESUM$ HIS ACTIVITY ON ! PAP] 0GIV+ IT AN ORI5TATION MORE 9 KEEP+ ) ! SITUATION0 7,FABBRI7 & AT ! SAME TIME 0SEEK+ TO DRAW TOGE!R ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y & LIB]T>IAN =CES ( RESI/ANCE40 ,HIS TASK WAS MADE MORE DIFFICULT BECAUSE HE N[ NOT ONLY HAD TO COMBAT ! OPPOSITION & SABOTAGE ( ! RE=MI/ UNION LEAD]%IP BUT ALSO ! HO/ILITY ( ! NEWLY CREAT$ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :I* WAS TRY+ TO DE/ROY & DISCR$IT ALL ! WORK+ CLASS =CES :I* W]E NOT ITS CREATURES4 

,!RE WAS TOO1 ,FABBRI PO9TS \T1 ! BEG9N+S ( AN 9T]NAL CRISIS )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ITSELF1 7:I*1 9 C]TA9 P>TS ( ,ITALY BECAUSE ( FASCI/ GANG/]ISM WAS BE+ R$UC$ TO IMPOT5CE7 & ,MALATE/A US$ ALL HIS TACT & EXP]I5CE TO KEEP ! MOVEM5T TOGE!R4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD1 AS WELL AS P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! 9T]NAL ACTIVITIES ( ! MOVEM5T1 HE PLAY$ A L>GE P>T 9 ! CREATION ( ! 0,WORK]S' ,ALLIANCE0 :I* S\<T TO BR+ TOGE!R ! ANTI-FASCI/ =CES & :I* 9CLUD$ ALL ! WORK]S ORGANIZATIONS4 ,FAC$ ) ! GR[+ PROVOCATION ( ! FASCI/S1 ! ,ALLIANCE PLAY$ ITS LA/ C>D3 ! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,AT ! 5D ( ,JULY ! G5]AL /RIKE TOOK PLACE &--ACCORD+ TO ,FABBRI--0WAS SUCCESSFUL ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 AT LEA/ :]E CIRCUM/ANCES /ILL P]MITT$2 BUT ! DESP]ATE ATTEMPT NEV]!LESS DID NOT A*IEVE ITS OBJECTIVE & WAS DR[N$ 9 BLOOD BY ! FASCI/ HORDES & ! (FICIAL POLICE40 

,SO F> AS PROPAG&A ACTIVITIES W]E CONC]N$ ! SITUATION RAPIDLY WORS5$4 ,BY N[ IT WAS VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO DI/RIBUTE ,UMANITA ,NOVA \TSIDE ,ROME & DI/RICT1 = P>CELS W]E EI!R SEIZ$1 BY ! PO/AL AU?ORITIES OR AT NEWS AG5TS KIOSKS & BURNT1 A FATE SUFF]$ NOT ONLY BY ! AN>*I/ PRESS BUT BY ALL ANTI-FASCI/ J\RNALS4 ,9 ! CIRCUM/ANCES ,UMANITA ,NOVA CEAS$ ITS DAILY PUBLICATIONS 9 ,AUGU/ #aibb & APPE>$ AS A WEEKLY UNTIL ! 5D ( ! YE> :5 ,MALATE/A & A NUMB] ( AN>*I/S CONNECT$ ) ! PAP] W]E >RE/$ & *>G$4 ,BUT IT WAS OBVI\SLY ONLY A PRETEXT TO DE/ROY ! PAP]1 = !Y W]E %ORTLY AFT]W>DS RELEAS$ )\T TRIAL4 7,MUSSOL9I'S 0,M>*0 ON ,ROME TOOK PLACE 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#b#b47 

#af 

,SEE+ NO IMM$IATE POSSIBILITY ( CONT9U+ HIS ACTIVITIES AS A PROPAG&I/1 ,MALATE/A PUT HIS P5 TO ONE SIDE & TOOK UP HIS TOOL BAG &1 AT ! AGE ( SEV5TY />T$ WORK AGA9 AS AN ELECTRICIAN-ME*ANIC4 ,HE OCCASIONALLY WROTE H[EV] 9 TWO O!R AN>*I/ J\RNALS :I* CONT9U$ 9T]MITT5TLY = A LITTLE :ILE LONG]3 ,IL ,LIB]O ,ACCORDO AN OLD AN>*I/ J\RNAL $IT$ BY ,TEMI/OCLE ,MONTICELLI1 & ,F$E6 A WEEKLY />T$ BY ,GIGI ,DAMIANI4.<#b#f#i.> 

,MALATE/A'S #g? BIR?DAY 7,DECEMB] #a#i#b#c7 WAS ! OCCASION = PUBLIC MEET+S 9 ,P>IS1 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 & ELSE:]E1 & EV5 9 ,ROME & O!R P>TS ( ,ITALY IT WAS CELEBRAT$ BUT ONLY AT PRIVATE MEET+S 9 VIEW ( ! POLITICAL REPRESSION4 ,BUT EQUALLY IMPORTANT WAS ! DECISION ( MANY ( HIS FRI5DS TO GIVE HIM ! OPPORTUNITY TO CONT9UE TO CONTRIBUTE TO AN>*I/ IDEAS1 FREE FROM ! DAY-TO-DAY NE$ TO E>N HIS LIV+ AT HIS TRADE4 ,& 9 FACT AT ! BEG9N+ ( #aibd HE ISSU$ ! FIR/ NUMB] ( ! BI-MON?LY MAGAZ9E ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA4.<#b#g.> ,9 ! FIR/ YE> ( PUBLICATION ,PRESS C5SOR%IP WAS 9TRODUC$ AFT] ! MURD] 7,JUNE #a#i#b#d7 ( ,MATTEOTTI1 ! SOCIALI/ DEPUTY 7:OSE DEA? CAUS$ SU* WIDESPREAD REVULSION AS TO ?REAT5 ! FASCI/ REGIME7 & ! MAGAZ9E APPE>$ REGUL>LY 7#b#d ISSUES7 BUT ITS EXI/5CE BECAME MORE & MORE DIFFICULT4 ,ONLY #af ISSUES APPE>$ 9 #a#i#b#e1 & ! FEATURE 0NEWS ( ! =TNI<T0 WAS =BIDD5 BY ! AU?ORITIES4 ,9 DUE C\RSE EV5 !ORETICAL >TICLES W]E BANN$ BY ! ,C5SOR & 9 #aibf #af ISSUES APPE>$ AS WELL AS FIVE O!RS HEAVILY C5SOR$4 ,! LA/ ISSUE WAS DAT$ ,OCTOB] #a1 #a#i#b#f4 ,BE=E ! NEXT ISSUE WAS DUE TO APPE>1 ! AN>*I/1 ,ANTEO ,ZAMBONI1 HAD MADE HIS UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT ON ,MUSSOL9I'S LIFE1 & ?IS WAS A PRETEXT = ! FASCI/ GOV]NM5T TO SUPPRESS ! :OLE ANTI-FASCI/1 AS WELL AS ! SIMPLY 9DEP5D5T1 PRESS 9 ,ITALY4 ,NETTLAU.<#b#g#a.> CONSID]S ?AT ,MALATE/A PUBLI%$ 9 ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA 0MANY ( HIS MO/ MATURE WRIT+S0 7& READ]S ( ?IS VOLUME HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO JUDGE = !MSELVES S9CE ,I HAVE DRAWN HEAVILY ON !M7 & ,FABBRI ADDS ?AT ?R\< IT ,MALATE/A HAD BE5 ABLE 0TO REMA9 9 CONTACT ) COMRADES 9 ALL P>TS ( ,ITALY & ABROAD1 & CONT9UE TO P>TICIPATE1 )9 ! LIMITS ( :AT WAS POSSIBLE1 9 ! ACTIVE MOVEM5T40 

,) ! SUPPRESSION ( ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA ,MALATE/A'S VOICE 9 ,ITALY WAS SIL5C$ 0=EV]10 ?\< HE CONTRIBUT$ A NUMB] ( IMPORTANT >TICLES TO ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ PRESS1 & :I* ,NETTLAU1 RI<TLY ,I ?9K1 CONSID]S AS 09VALUABLE & ! MO/ NOTABLE PRODUCTION ( MOD]N ,AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE1 SOME?+ BAS$ UPON AN EXP]I5CE & KE5 REFLECTION 4440.<#b#g#b.> ,! QUALITY ( !SE WRIT+S CAN BE JUDG$ BY HIS ,RECOLLECTIONS ON ,KROPOTK9 :I* WAS PROBABLY ! LA/ ( !SE OCCASIONAL WRIT+S P5N$ DUR+ ! LA/ FIVE YE>S ( HIS LIFE4.<#b#g#c.> ,NOTABLE TOO IS HIS LONG 9TRODUCTORY PIECE TO ,NETTLAU'S ?OR\<GO+ /UDY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,ITALY #a#i#b#h.<#b#g#d.> & HIS S]5E1 UNCOMPROMIS+ POLEMIC ) ! ,REVISIONI/S 7,MAKHNO & O!RS7 9 #a#i#b#g4.<#b#g#e.> 

,IT WAS NOT NEW = ,MALATE/A TO HAVE HIS /EPS DOGG$ BY POLICEM51 & HIS MOVEM5TS NOT$ BY ! POLICE ( ! WORLD4 ,FROM ! 5D ( #aibf UNTIL HE DI$ 9 #aicb HE LIV$ 9 ,ROME UND] H\SE >RE/4 ,A P]MAN5T POLICE PO/ WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 ! POR* ( ! H\SE :]E HE LIV$ ) HIS COMPANION & H] DAU<T]1 AS WELL AS A POLICE GU>D DAY & NI<T \TSIDE HIS FLAT4 ,:OEV] CAME TO SEE HIM WAS >RE/$2 & :5 HE W5T \T ANYBODY APPROA*+ HIM WAS >RE/$4 ,HIS MAIL WAS OP5$ & NOT ALWAYS DELIV]$ TO HIM4 ,FABBRI & O!R COMRADES 9 ,P>IS & ,SWITZ]L& TRI$ TO P]SUADE HIM TO LEAVE ,ITALY BUT HE 9SI/$ ?AT IF HE W]E CAPABLE ( DO+ ANY?+ IT W\LD BE BY REMA9+ 9 ,ITALY & NOT 9 EXILE4 ,BY #aic :5 HE SEEMS TO HAVE LO/ HOPE ( ANY E>LY *ANGE ( REGIME & WAS PREP>$ TO LEAVE1 IT WAS !N TOO LATE4 

#ag 

,MALATE/A MU/ HAVE MET A GREAT MANY ( ! MO/ ACTIVE AS WELL AS ! 0EM95T0 AN>*I/S 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL MOVEM5T1 = !RE W]E P]IODS 9 HIS LIFETIME :5 HE TRAVEL$ EXT5SIVELY1 (T5 TAK+ P>T 9 ! /RUGGLES 9 ! C\NTRIES HE VISIT$1 & ONE FEELS ?AT ! ABS5CE ( DOGMATISM FROM HIS APPROA* TO AN>*ISM & ! /RUGGLE WAS IMPRESS$ ON HIM BY HIS EXP]I5CES ( ! DIFF]5T PROBLEMS & REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITIES ?AT DI/+UI%$ ONE C\NTRY FROM ANO!R4 ,NETTLAU HAS BRIEFLY SUMM>IZ$ ,MALATE/A'S ACTIVITIES \TSIDE ,ITALY4.<#b#g#f.> 

,HIS TRAVELS & TEMPOR>Y RESID5CE PROVID$ HIM ) NEW LOCAL EXP]I5CE1 & HE HELP$ ON HIS SIDE ! LOCAL COMRADES4 

,9 ,SWITZ]L& HE KNEW ,LOC>NO & ,LUGANO AT V>I\S TIMES2 ,BAKUN9'S ,RUSSIAN FRI5DS 9 #a#h#g#b1 #a#h#g#c1 UP TO #a#h#g#e2 ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME & ! ,JURASSIANS1 ,ZURI* & ,B]NE1 ,G5EVA :5 ! ,REVOLTE WAS F\ND$ 7,FEBRU>Y1 #a#h#g#i71 & ON O!R OCCASIONS1 = ! LA/ TIME 9 #aiad ON HIS FLI<T FROM ,ITALY4 

,HE WAS 9 ,P>IS = MANY MON?S1 #a#h#g#i1 #a#h#h1 & BEG9N+ ( #a#h#h#a2 V]Y ACTIVE 9 ! FIR/ ,AN>*I/ GR\PS !RE1 SOON EXPELL$1 RETURN+ AGA91 >RE/$1 IMPRISON$ = RETURN+4 ,HE NEV]!LESS />T$ 9 #ahhi ,L',ASSOCIAZIONE 9 ,NICE1 BUT HAD SOON TO LEAVE2 HE WAS 9 ,P>IS TO OBS]VE ! ,MAY ,DAY MOVEM5T ( #a#h#i1 & NO D\BT ON O!R OCCASIONS1 BUT NEV] RESID5T1 PASS+ ?R\< !RE 9 #aiad ON HIS HURRI$ RETURN TO ,LONDON4 

,9 ! AUTUMN ( #ahge HE TRAVEL$ TO ,SPA92 VISIT$ ,MADRID1 ,CADIZ1 & ,B>CELONA1 & SAW ! MILITANTS ( ! !N PROSCRIB$1 #ahia & SECRETLY CONT9U$1 ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,HE MADE AN OP5 J\RNEY1 A GREAT LECTUR+ T\R1 FROM ,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#i#a1 TO ,JANU>Y1 #a#h#i#b2 BUT ! 9TIMATE PURPOSE WAS ! PREP>ATION ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DAYS 9 ,MAY1 #a#h#i#b4 ,! TRAGIC ,J]EZ 7,&ALUSIA7 REVOLT 9T]V5$1 & HE HAD TO BREAK HIS J\RNEY & LEAVE QUICKLY1 REA*+ ,LONDON VIA ,LISBON ?IS TIME4 

,9 ,EGYPT1 #ah< & #a#h#h#b1 & 9 ,RUMANIA1 #a#h#g#i1 HE LIV$ 9 ! ,ITALIAN MILIEU1 ?\< HE CAME TO ,EGYPT 9 #ahhb = A REVOLUTION>Y PURPOSE CONNECT$ ) ! NATIVES' REVOLT 9 ! DAYS ( ,>ABI ,PA%A4 ,HE 9T5D$1 = ROMANTIC REASONS 7RIVALRY 9 COMBATIV5ESS ( ! Y\NG ,9T]NATIONALI/S ) ! Y\NG ,G>IBALDIANS71 TO JO9 ! ,S]BIANS 9 !IR W> AGA9/ ,TURKEY1 #a#h#g#f1 BUT WAS TWICE /OPP$ 9 ,AU/RIA-,HUNG>Y & S5T BACK TO ,ITALY4 

,HE PASS$ SOME TIME 9 ,BELGIUM 9 #ahh & A FEW DAYS 9 #a#h#h#a4 ,HE VISIT$ ! C\NTRY 9 #ahic DUR+ ! POLITICAL G5]AL /RIKE1 ALSO #aig DUR+ ! VIOL5T ,ANTW]P DOCK /RIKE4 ,HOLL& HE KNEW AT ! TIME ( ! ,AM/]DAM ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS1 #a#i#g4 

,9 ,LONDON HE SAW ! E>LY DAYS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T & KNEW ,JOSEPH ,LANE & ,FRANK ,KITZ V]Y WELL4 ,RETURN+ 9 ,OCTOB] #a#h#h#i1 ONE ( HIS FIR/ VISITS WAS TO ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE1 :]E HE SAW ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS4 ,MY ACQUA9TANCE ) HIM DATES FROM ?AT SAME EV5+ & LA/$ UNTIL A LETT] ( HIS TO ME ( ,MAY #c#a1 #a#i#c#b1 WAS ! LA/ ONE ,I GOT FROM HIM4 

,HE LECTUR$ 9 ,NEW ,YORK & MO/ ( ! ,EA/]N 9DU/RIAL T[NS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES :]E ,ITALIAN WORK]S LIVE 7#a#h#i#i-#a#i74 ,TO ,CUBA1 #a#i1 = ,SPANI% LECTURES4 

,9 ! ,>G5T9E ,REPUBLIC1 HIS ACTIVITIES FROM #ahhe TO ! FIR/ HALF ( #a#h#h#i1 M>K ! BEG9N+ ( A MORE 9T5SE & COORD9AT$ MOVEM5T !RE4 

,AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g--,I DO NOT KN[ AT :AT /AGE ( ! 5SU+ EV5TS--HE WI%$ TO GO TO ,RUSSIA1 TO SEE ?+S ) HIS [N EYES1 BUT ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T REFUS$ TO LET HIM DEP>T4 

,?IS COV]S AB\T ALL HIS KN[N MOVEM5T1 ?\< ,I DO NOT PRET5D ?AT ,I CAN RETRACE ALL HIS /EPS4 

,HIS LA/ J\RNEY ABROAD WAS MADE 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#b#b1 :5 A ,JESS9ESE COMRADE L$ HIM ACROSS ! HI< M\NTA9S ON SMUGGL] PA?S 9 ,SWITZ]L&1 :]E HE MET ! ,ITALIAN ,AN>*I/S RESID+ !RE 9 ,BIEL1 & ! LOCAL & 9T]NATIONAL COMRADES 9 ,/4 ,IMI]1 AT A PRIVATE CONF]5CE 9 COMMEMORATION ( ! ,/4 ,IMI] ,CONGRESS ( #a#h#g#b1 ( :I* HE WAS ! SOLE SURVIVOR4 ,:5 ! MEET+ WAS OV]1 ! ,SWISS POLICE ) !IR ORD] ( EXPULSION ( #ahgi WANT$ TO GET HOLD ( HIM1 BUT HE HAD JU/ ?AT MOM5T BE5 SPIRIT$ AWAY & RETURN$ TO ,ITALY4 

#ah 

,ONE O!R ASPECT ( ,MALATE/A'S POLITICAL LIFE :I* DES]VES TO BE /UDI$ 9 SOME DETAIL BUT TO :I* ,I MU/ BE CONT5T ) ONLY A BRIEF REF]5CE1 IS HIS ATTITUDE TO POLICE (FICIALS & TO IMPRISONM5T4 

,9 HIS TIME ! ORD9>Y POLICEMAN 9 ,ITALY WAS MORE (T5 ?AN NOT SOME 0POOR DEVIL0--AS HE W\LD SAY--FROM ! HUNGRY ,S\?1 LESS 9T]E/$ 9 PROTECT+ ! ,/ATE OR ( SATISFY+ HIS P]SONAL LU/ = P[]1 ?AN 9 5SUR+ ?AT HE & HIS FAMILY C\LD AF=D A SQU>E MEAL ONCE A DAY4 ,SO ,MALATE/A NEV] MISS$ AN OPPORTUNITY TO 0S$UCE0 HIS CAPTORS BY PO9T+ \T TO !M ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! AN>*I/ /RUGGLE & !IR /RUGGLE TO LIVE1 & !RE >E DOZ5S ( DELI<TFUL ANECDOTES :I* ILLU/RATE ,MALATE/A'S SUCCESSFUL TE*NIQUE ) POLICEM5 & JAIL]S4.<#b#g#g.> ,I W\LD SAY ?AT ! TIMES HAVE *ANG$1 ?AT ! PROPORTION ( 0POOR DEVILS0 5GAG$ 9 !SE JOBS HAS CONSID]ABLY DECREAS$ 9 ! PA/ =TY YE>S1 & ?AT ,MALATE/A :O WAS A PRAGMATI/1 W\LD TODAY PROBABLY ADOPT QUITE ANO!R TACTIC4 7,EV5 ! COV] PICTURE TO ?IS VOLUME W\LD 9DICATE ?AT ! 0RAPPORT0 ) ! ,BRITI% 0BOBBY0 9 #aiab WAS NOT FL[+ ) BRO!RLY LOVE EV5 9 ONE SO EXP]I5C$ 9 H&L+ POLICEM567 

,9 HIS Y\?1 AS HE HAS ALREADY TOLD US E>LI] 9 !SE ,NOTES1 BE+ >RE/$ & GO+ TO PRISON W]E P>T ( ! Y\NG REVOLUTION>IES' APPR5TICE%IP3 0P]SECUTION ONLY AWAK5$ \R 5?USIASM40 ,BUT HE ALSO PO9T$ \T ?AT 9 ?OSE DAYS POLICE P]SECUTION WAS A 0JOKE COMP>$ ) :AT TOOK PLACE LAT]40 ,IT SEEMS CLE> ?AT DUR+ ! #af MON?S HE SP5T 9 PRISON AWAIT+ TRIAL = HIS P>T 9 ! ABORTIVE ATTEMPT AT 9SURRECTION 9 ,B5EV5TO 9 #ahgg 7:I* RESULT$ 9 ! ACQUITTAL ( ALL CONC]N$7.<#b#g#h.> ,MALATE/A HAD DECID$ ?AT HE C\LD BETT] S]VE HIS IDEAS \TSIDE ?AN BEH9D PRISON B>S & :5EV]1 !RE=E1 HE KNEW ?AT HIS ACTIVITIES W]E AB\T TO BE CURTAIL$ BY ! AU?ORITIES1 HE G5]ALLY *OSE ! ROAD ( EXILE RA!R ?AN LONG MON?S 9 PRISON AWAIT+ TRIAL4 

,SOME ( ! MO/ VULG> & VOCAL ( HIS POLITICAL 5EMIES ACCUS$ HIM ( C[>DICE1 ( RUNN+ AWAY :5 HE %\LD BE FAC+ ! MUSIC2.<#b#g#i.> ON ONE OCCASION 9 ! E>LY TW5TIES1 !Y ACCUS$ HIM ( C[>DICE BECAUSE HE TOOK %ELT] 9 A DOORWAY DUR+ AN EX*ANGE ( %OTS BETWE5 POLICE & DEMON/RATORS4.<#b#h.> ,MALATE/A 9 SPITE ( HIS RHETORICAL SORTIE TO ! JURY AT HIS TRIAL 9 #aibb 0?\< ,I AM A MAN ) A CAUSE 7UN UOMO DI F$E7 ,I AM NOT A H]O4 ',! SPIRIT IS WILL+1 ! FLE% IS WEAK' SAY ! MY/ICS4 ,I LOVE LIFE1 ,I LOVE MANY PEOPLE :O LOVE ME 4440.<#b#h#a.> WAS PLAY+ HIS C>DS = ONE 5D ONLY1 ACQUITTAL 9 ORD] TO RESUME ! /RUGGLE = REVOLUTION AS ! ONLY ANSW] TO ! ?REAT ( FASCISM4 ,HAD ,MALATE/A & ,BOR<I BE5 FREE TO CONT9UE !IR PROPAG&A DUR+ ?OSE #a VITAL MON?S AWAIT+ TRIAL :O KN[S H[ ! POLITICAL SITUATION MI<T HAVE DEVELOP$4 ,IT MI<T WELL HAVE 5D$ 9 ! WAY IT DID4 ,BUT CAN ANYONE SAY ?AT !IR IMPRISONM5T FUR!R$ ! REVOLUTION>Y CAUSE8 

,MALATE/A WAS NEI!R A C[>D NOR A H]O2 HE WAS A C\RAGE\S & DET]M9$ MAN :O US$ !SE QUALITIES ) 9TELLIG5CE4 ,AS IT WAS ?IS DID NOT PREV5T HIM FROM SP5D+ MORE TIME 9 PRISON ?AN HE W\LD HAVE LIK$6 ,TO ! JURY AT HIS TRIAL 9 #aibb HE SAID3 0,?\< ,I HAVE ONLY S]V$ SEV5 MON?S ( ! S5T5CES IMPOS$ ON ME--ALL ! O!R S5T5CES W]E EI!R QUA%$ OR ANNULL$ BY AMNE/IES--YET ,AU?ORITY HAS MANAG$ TO MAKE ME SP5D1 9 BITS & PIECES1 MORE ?AN T5 YE>S ( MY LIFE 9 PRISON40.<#b#h#b.> ,?AT IS1 AWAIT+ TRIAL1 :I* MORE (T5 ?AN NOT 5D$ 9 ACQUITTAL4 ,?OSE ( US ACCU/OM$ TO ,BRITI% P5AL PROC$URE WILL F9D IT DIFFICULT TO UND]/& H[1 = 9/ANCE ,MALATE/A1 %\LD HAVE BE5 KEPT 9 PRISON 9 ,ITALY 9 #ahhc FROM ,MAY TO ,NOVEMB]1 AWAIT+ TRIAL & !N :5 F\ND GUILTY & S5T5C$ TO ?REE YE>S IMPRISONM5T1 RELEAS$ P5D+ APPEAL1 DUR+ :I* TIME HE $IT$ AN AN>*I/ PAP] 9 ,FLOR5CE 7& ALSO T5D$ ! SICK 9 ! *OL]A EPIDEMIC 9 ,NAPLES74 ,& !N MANAG+ TO ESCAPE 9 ! NICK ( TIME :5 HE LE>N$ ?AT HIS APPEAL HAD FAIL$6 ,9/EAD ( ?REE YE>S 9 AN ,ITALIAN PRISON ,MALATE/A SP5T !M 9 ,>G5T9A 7#a#h#h#e-#h#i7 :]E HE DID MU* TO HELP BUILD UP ! AN>*I/ & SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ?AT C\NTRY 7! ONLY ONE1 AP>T FROM ,ITALY1 ,SPA91 & ,RUSSIA 9 V]Y EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 :I* 9 LAT] YE>S MANAG$ TO PUBLI% A DAILY AN>*I/ PAP] = A NUMB] ( YE>S74.<#b#h#c.> 

,MALATE/A1 ! MATURE REVOLUTION>Y1 TOOK 0CALCULAT$0 RISKS1 ?AT IS1 HE WAS PREP>$ TO FACE IMPRISONM5T IF HE FELT ! REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITIES JU/IFI$ ! RISK & HE HAD A *ANCE ( FULFILL+ HIS ASSIGNM5T BE=E BE+ >RE/$4 ,?US 9 #ahig AFT] ! FALL ( ! ,CRISPI GOV]NM5T !RE W]E POSSIBILITIES ( DO+ AN>*I/ PROPAG&A OP5LY 9 ,ITALY1 & ?\< HIS ?REE YE> S5T5CE ( #ahhc C\LD BE EXECUT$ UNTIL ,NOVEMB] ( ?AT YE> :5 IT W\LD !N AUTOMATICALLY LAPSE1 ,MALATE/A ?\<T IT WOR? TAK+ ! RISK & RETURN$ SECRETLY TO ,ANCONA 9 ,M>* :]E HE LIV$ 9 A ROOM FROM :I* HE $IT$ ! WEEKLY AN>*I/ J\RNAL L',AGITAZIONE4 ,TO AVOID CAPTURE BY ! ,ITALIAN POLICE :O HAD BE5 AL]T$ ( HIS DISAPPE>ANCE FROM ,LONDON HE HAD TO REFRA9 FROM ANY PUBLIC ACTIVITIES OR APPE>ANCE AT PROPAG&A MEET+S2 ! FACT ?AT ! POLICE SUSPECT$ ?AT HE MI<T BE 9 ,ANCONA ALSO MEANT ?AT ALL HIS CONTACTS ) ! LOCAL COMRADES1 MANY ( !M KN[N TO1 OR WAT*$ BY1 ! POLICE1 HAD TO BE CONDUCT$ ) ! UTMO/ CIRCUMSPECTION4 ,BECAUSE HE C\LD NOT BY =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES BE DI/RACT$ FROM HIS $ITORIAL FUNCTIONS BY MEET+S & DEMON/RATIONS1 ,FABBRI.<#b#h#d.> CONSID]S L',AGITAZIONE 0HI/ORICALLY & !ORETICALLY10 ! MO/ IMPORTANT PUBLICATION $IT$ BY ,MALATE/A4 7,I HAVE UN=TUNATELY BE5 UNABLE TO SEE A S+LE COPY ( ?IS J\RNAL ?\< MANY ( ,MALATE/A'S >TICLES HAVE BE5 9CLUD$ 9 ! TWO VOLUMES ( SELECTIONS PUBLI%$ 9 ,NAPLES 9 ! PO/-,W> YE>S4.<#b#h#e.>7 

,MALATE/A W\LD HAVE CONT9U$ TO LIVE CL&E/9ELY EV5 AFT] HIS E>LI] S5T5CE HAD AUTOMATICALLY EXPIR$ BECAUSE HE FE>$ ?AT ! POLICE W\LD >RE/ HIM ON ANY PRETEXT JU/ TO KEEP HIM FROM HIS PROPAG&A :I* WAS PRODUC+ RESULTS1 & WAS OBVI\SLY NOT TO ! LIK+ ( ! !N ,ITALIAN GOV]NM5T4 ,?R\< NO 9DISCRETION ON HIS P>T ! POLICE CAME TO KN[ ( HIS HIDE\T & HE WAS >RE/$ BUT SET FREE ! SAME DAY4 ,?AT WAS 9 ,NOVEMB]4 ,BETWE5 !N & ,JANU>Y ,MALATE/A N[ FREE TO TAKE P>T 9 PUBLIC ACTIVITIES 9T5SIFI$ HIS WORK1 BUT1 AS HE HAD EXPECT$1 ! AU?ORITIES DID NOT LEAVE HIM ALONE = LONG4 ,ON ! #a#h? ,JANU>Y #a#h#i#h1 DUR+ A PUBLIC DEMON/RATION HE & EI<T O!R COMRADES 9CLUD+ ! MANAG] ( ! WEEKLY W]E >RE/$ 9 ! /REET & *>G$ ) 0CRIM9AL ASSOCIATION40 

,ONE ( ! 9T]E/+ ASPECTS ( ?IS TRIAL WAS ?AT :]EAS 9 PA/ TRIALS MO/ AN>*I/S D5I$ ! *>GE ON ! GR\NDS ?AT !Y W]E OPPOS$ TO ORGANIZATION1 ,MALATE/A & HIS FRI5DS NOT ONLY DECL>$ ?AT !Y W]E ORGANIZ$1 BUT ALSO DEM&$ ! RI<T ( AN>*I/S TO JO9 A =MAL ORGANIZATION4 ,?IS GAVE RISE TO AGITATION ?R\<\T ,ITALY = 0! FRE$OM TO ORGANIZE10 PROMOT$ BY ! ,AN>*I/ ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION ( ,ROMAGNA1 & SUPPORT$ 5]GETICALLY FROM ! COLUMNS ( L',AGITAZIONE1 :I* CONT9U$ PUBLICATION 9 SPITE ( FUR!R >RE/S ( ?OSE :O HAD TAK5 ,MALATE/A'S PLACE ON ! PAP] 7AMONG !M ,FABBRI1 A Y\NG MAN ( #b74 ,BY ! TIME ! TRIAL TOOK PLACE1 F\R MON?S LAT]1 OV] #c1 AN>*I/S1 9 ! NAME ( MANY GR\PS & CLUBS HAD SIGN$ A PUBLIC MANIFE/O 9 :I* !Y DECL>$ !IR POLITICAL BELIEFS1 & AFFIRM$ ?AT !Y W]E MEMB]S ( A 0P>TY10 & 9 COMPLETE AGREEM5T ) ! ACCUS$4 ,MORE SUPPORT CAME FROM ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD4 

,?US ! TRIAL1 WRITES ,FABBRI1 WAS CONV]T$ 9TO A BATTLE = PUBLIC RI<TS1 AS WELL AS BE+1 AS MANY O!RS W]E1 AN EXCELL5T M$IUM = AN>*I/ PROPAG&A4 ,IT LA/$ A :OLE WEEK1 AT ! 5D ( :I* ,MALATE/A WAS GIV5 A SEV5 MON? S5T5CE1 SEV5 O!R COMRADES RECEIV$ SIX MON?S & ONE WAS ACQUITT$4 ,NEV]!LESS ?IS WAS A VICTORY 9 ?AT FROM !N ON ! RI<T ( AN>*I/S TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES WAS RECOGNIZ$1 & ?\< ?IS DID NOT PREV5T !M FROM BE+ >RE/$ & *>G$ ) 0SUBV]SIVE0 ACTIVITIES1 ! P5ALTIES W]E LESS SEV]E & ! P[]S ( >RE/ W]E LESS >BITR>Y4 ,OR W]E !Y8 

,A MON? AFT] ,MALATE/A'S TRIAL WIDESPREAD POPUL> RIOTS 9 ,MILAN TOOK PLACE :I* W]E VIOL5TLY PUT D[N ) MANY DEAD & W\ND$ AMONG ! DEMON/RATORS4 L',AGITAZIONE WAS BANN$ & MO/ ( ! MEMB]S ( ! PUBLI%+ GR\P1 :O W]E /ILL FREE1 W]E >RE/$4 ,P>LIAM5T APPROV$ EM]G5CY LAWS1 & DOMICILIO COATTO 7BANI%M5T TO ! P5AL ISL&S7 WAS RE9TRODUC$ UND] WORSE CONDITIONS ?AN BE=E4 ,SO :5 ,MALATE/A'S S5T5CE EXPIR$ 9 ,AUGU/ 7& HIS SEV5 COMRADES1 A MON? E>LI]7 9/EAD ( BE+ RELEAS$ !Y W]E HELD 9 PRISON & S5T5C$ TO FIVE YE>S DOMICILIO COATTO4 

#ai 

,MALATE/A WAS S5T TO ,U/ICA & HE SOON DECID$ ?AT HE W\LD NOT WILL+LY SP5D FIVE YE>S ON ?IS 9HOSPITABLE ISL&1 & BEGAN LAY+ HIS PLANS = ESCAPE4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T HAV+ ALSO GUESS$ HIS 9T5TIONS1 HAD ,MALATE/A TRANSF]R$ TO ! ISL& ( ,LAMP$USA1 A MORE DIFFICULT ISL& FROM :I* TO ESCAPE6 ,:AT ! GOV]NM5T HAD OV]LOOK$ WAS ! SYMPA!TIC 0GOV]NOR0 ON ,LAMP$USA :O WAS SO IMPRESS$ BY ,MALATE/A & ! O!R 0POLITICALS0 ?AT HE GAVE !M A FREE H&1 0& CLOS$ HIS EYES TO :AT WAS GO+ ON40.<#b#h#f.> ,MALATE/A MADE HIS PLANS = ESCAPE C>EFULLY & UNHURRI$LY4 ,NOT ONLY DID HE F9D A WAY ( E/ABLI%+ CONTACT ) ?OSE ON ! MA9L&1 BUT ,FABBRI REC\NTS ?AT EV5 ! SOCIALI/ ,ODD9O ,MORG>I1 :O VISIT$ ! ISL&1 9 HIS CAPACITY ( ,P>LIAM5T>Y DEPUTY1 WAS PRIVY TO HIS PLANS4 ,ON ! NI<T ( ,MAY #i1 #a#h#i#i1 ,MALATE/A1 ,VIVOLI1 A COMRADE FROM ,FLOR5CE1 & A CIVIL DETA9EE SWAM TO A FI%+ BOAT AN*OR$ SOME WAY \T 7) A ,SICILIAN SOCIALI/ ,LOVET]E ABO>D7 BO>D$ H] & SET SAIL = ,MALTA4 ,!IR ESCAPE WAS DISCOV]$ ! NEXT DAY BECAUSE ( ! UNEXPECT$ VISIT TO ! ISL& ( A GOV]NM5T 9SPECTOR S5T TO 9VE/IGATE RUMORS CIRCULAT+ 9 ,ROME AB\T ,MALATE/A'S ESCAPE PLANS6 ,BUT !Y W]E TOO LATE4 ,MALATE/A REA*$ ,MALTA :]E HE REMA9$ A WEEK AWAIT+ A %IP TO TAKE HIM TO ,5GL&4 ,A FEW DAYS LAT] HE WAS BACK ) ! ,DEF5DI FAMILY 9 ,ISL+TON4 ,BUT )9 A MATT] ( A FEW WEEKS HE WAS ON HIS WAY TO ,PAT]SON1 ,NEW ,J]SEY1 AT ! 9VITATION ( ! ,ITALIAN COMRADES !RE :O WANT$ HIM TO TAKE OV] ! $ITOR%IP ( !IR P]IODICAL ,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE4 ,H[EV]1 HE REMA9$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ONLY A FEW MON?S1 DUR+ :I* TIME AS WELL AS $IT+ ! PAP] HE ADDRESS$ MANY PUBLIC MEET+S1 9 ,ITALIAN & ,SPANI%1 ?R\<\T ! CONT95T4 ,BE=E RETURN+ TO ,LONDON HE SP5T T5 DAYS 9 ,CUBA :]E HE HAD BE5 9VIT$ TO ADDRESS A NUMB] ( MEET+S4 ,9 SPITE ( DIFFICULTIES BY ! POLICE :O AT FIR/ PROHIBIT$ HIS MEET+S & !N AGRE$ TO !IR BE+ HELD SO LONG AS HE DIDN'T USE ! WORD AN>*Y1 ,MALATE/A MANAG$ TO ADDRESS F\R MEET+S BUT !N DECID$ ?AT IT WAS NOT WOR? GO+ ON ) ! T\R & RETURN$ TO ,NEW ,YORK 9 ,M>*4 ,9 ,APRIL HE WAS BACK 9 ,LONDON4 

,FABBRI WRITES ?AT 0P]SONAL REASONS DET]M9$ HIS DECISION TO RETURN TO ,LONDON0 BUT GIVES NO 9DICATION :E!R !SE W]E POLITICAL OR DOME/IC4 ,!RE WAS OBVI\SLY NO POLITICAL REASON = RETURN+ TO ,LONDON1 BUT !RE MI<T WELL HAVE BE5 = LEAV+ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,NETTLAU WRITES ?AT ,MALATE/A'S SUPPORT = ORGANIZATION ALWAYS MET ) /RONG OPPOSITION FROM ! 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/S4.<#b#h#g.> ,HIS 9VITATION TO $IT ! AN>*I/ J\RNAL 9 ,PAT]SON CO9CID$ ) ! ANN\NCEM5T ?AT ! =M] $ITOR ,GIUSEPPE ,CIANCABILLA WAS />T+ ANO!R PAP]1 ,AURORA1 ) ! SUPPORT ( 0ALL0 ! COMRADES4 ,?\< ,I1 & READ]S ( !SE NOTES1 MAY SEE NO PO9T N[ 9 E/ABLI%+ ! FACTS ( ,MALATE/A'S ACTIVITIES DUR+ ?OSE MON?S1 9 DETAIL1 ,I REF]R$ TO IT 9 ! FIR/ PLACE 9 ORD]+ TO ILLU/RATE ,MALATE/A'S PRACTICAL ATTITUDE TO ! PROPAG&A VALUE ( IMPRISONM5T4 ,HIS >RE/1 TRIAL & IMPRISONM5T 9 #a#h#i#h1 WAS 9 HIS OP9ION GOOD PROPAG&A1 ! CULM9ATION ( LONG MON?S ( CL&E/9E ACTIVITY AS $ITOR ( L',AGITAZIONE4 ,! PROSPECT ( FIVE YE>S 9 ! P5AL ISL&S WAS NOT4 ,H5CE HIS DET]M9ATION TO ESCAPE AT ALL CO/S4 ,P]HAPS ?OSE FIVE YE>S1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! MON?S 9 ! ,AM]ICAS1 W]E NOT AS REW>D+ AS HE MI<T HAVE WI%$1 BUT ,I SUGGE/ ?AT !Y W]E BETT] SP5T BO? SO F> AS HE WAS CONC]N$ & ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ?AN IF HE HAD S]V$ HIS FIVE YE>S 9 DOMICILIO COATTO4 

,! O!R REASON = REF]R+ TO ! MON?S 9 ! ,/ATES IS TO /ATE ! FACTS CONC]N+ AN 9CID5T 9 :I* ,MALATE/A WAS ! C5TRAL FIGURE4 ,AT A MEET+ HE WAS ADDRESS+ 9 ,WE/ ,HOBOK5 7N[ ,UNION ,CITY1 ,NEW ,J]SEY7 HEAT$ DISCUSSION FOLL[$ 9 :I* ONE MEMB] ( ! AUDI5CE *ALL5G$ ! SPEAK]1 & :5 ,MALATE/A 0PUT HIM 9 HIS PLACE0 HE WAS OBVI\SLY SO 9C5S$ ?AT HE DREW \T A REVOLV] & FIR$ AT HIM HITT+ HIM 9 ! LEG4 ,HE WAS DIS>M$ BY A MAN 0ONE ( ! MO/ TOL]ANT Y\ C\LD F9D1 & A MEMB] ( ,MALATE/A'S GR\P0.<#b#h#h.> ! MAN1 :O MON?S LAT] WAS TO RETURN TO ,ITALY TO ASSASS9ATE ,K+ ,HUMB]T3 ,GAETANO ,BRESCI4 

,! FALSE RUMOR WAS CIRCULAT$ ?AT ,MALATE/A'S ASSAILANT WAS ANO!R AN>*I/1 & ONE CAN UND]/& ) :AT RELI% ?IS TIT-BIT ( POLITICAL SC&AL WAS REPEAT$ BY ! AN>*I/S' DETRACTORS ON EV]Y POSSIBLE OCCASION4 ,SOME ?IRTY YE>S AFT] ! %OOT+ IT WAS REVIV$ ) ! PUBLICATION ( ,MAX ,NOMAD'S ,REBELS & ,R5EGADES & ! AN>*I/S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ?R\< !IR J\RNALS HAD TO REPEAT ! TRUE FACTS1 BUT !Y C\LD NEV] DELETE ! FALSEHOODS COMMITT$ TO PR9T 9 ,NOMAD'S BOOK4 ,9DE$ ?IRTY YE>S AFT] ,NOMAD1 ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK 7:O %\LD HAVE KN[N BETT] ?AN TO RELY ON ,NOMAD = S\RCE MAT]IAL7 9 HIS HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM 7,AM]ICAN $ITION7 REPEATS ! LIE1 NAM+ ,CIANCABILLA AS ,MALATE/A'S W\LD-BE ASSASS94 

,9 ITSELF ! %OOT+ 9CID5T IS A M9OR 9CID5T 9 A LONG & FULL LIFE & IT IS AS SU* ?AT IT IS TREAT$ 9 !SE ,NOTES4 ,BUT FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( AN>*I/ PROPAG&A ! ,NOMAD-,WOODCOCK V]SION C\LD DO GREAT H>M EV5 N[1 & = ?IS REASON ! FACTS ( ! %OOT+ 9CID5T >E PRES5T$ AS AN ,APP5DIX1.<#b#h#i.> BECAUSE ,I HOPE ?AT ,5GLI% HI/ORIANS :O MAY WANT TO 9CLUDE ,MALATE/A 9 !IR MAGNUS OPUS1 & >E B>R$ FROM CONSULT+ ! ORIG9AL S\RCES BY LANGUAGE PROBLEMS1 WILL AT LEA/ CONSULT ?IS WORK RA!R ?AN ,NOMAD'S CONCOCTION ( HALF-TRU?S & PURE 9V5TION6 

#b 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( !SE NOTES ,I QUOT$ A PASSAGE FROM ,WOODCOCK'S ,HI/ORY 9 :I* HE DESCRIBES ,MALATE/A & O!R Y\NG ,9T]NATIONALI/S AS 0! ,ITALIAN EQUIVAL5T ( ! CONSCI5CE-/RICK5 ,RUSSIAN NOBLEM50 :O 9 ! SAME DECADE FELT ! BURN+ URGE TO GO TO ! PEOPLE1 & PRODUC$ EVID5CE TO TRY TO %[ ?AT ! ANALOGY WAS NOT A CORRECT ONE4 ,I RETURN TO IT N[ BECAUSE ,MALATE/A'S *>ACT] WAS SO UNLIKE ?IS G5]ALIZATION1 & HIS APPROA* TO ! SOCIAL PROBLEMS SO DIFF]5T1 ?AT ONLY BY FULLY APPRECIAT+ ?IS CAN ONE PUT HIS SIXTY YE>S MILITANCY 9 PROP] P]SPECTIVE4 

,ALL ! EVID5CE PO9TS TO ! FACT ?AT ,MALATE/A DID NOT HAVE A %ELT]$ Y\?1 EV5 ?\< IT IS CLE> ?AT HIS FAMILY HAD ! MEANS TO ALL[ HIM TO PURSUE HIS /UDIES )\T HAV+ TO WORRY AB\T HIS NEXT MEAL4 ,HIS 5TRY 9TO POLITICS WAS TYPICAL ( A NORMAL1 IMPULSIVE 0TE5AG]0 & JU/ AS SO MANY Y\NG PEOPLE 9 ?IS C\NTRY W]E DRAWN 9TO SOME K9D ( POLITICAL COMMITM5T BY ! 5?USIASM ?AT SURR\ND$ ! FIR/ ,ALD]MA/ON ,M>*1 SO MANY 9 ,MALATE/A'S TIME MU/ HAVE FELT ! SAME WAY AS A RESULT ( ! D>+ EXPLOITS ( ,G>IBALDI & HIS 0LIB]ATORS40 7,& ACCORD+ TO ,NETTLAU IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT ,MALATE/A AS A Y\NG BOY ACTUALLY WITNESS$ ! LIB]ATORS 9 ACTION :5 ,SANTA ,M>IA & ,CAPUA W]E ! C5T]S ( FI]CE /RUGGLES47 ,BUT :AT IS SURELY SIGNIFICANT 9 ,MALATE/A'S CASE IS ?AT 9 A MATT] ( ?REE OR F\R YE>S HE HAD 0SE5 ?R\<10 AS WELL AS SYMPA?IZ$ )1 ! ,G>IBALDIANS & ! ,MAZZ9IANS1 & ALSO 0DISCOV]$0 ,BAKUN9 & ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,& HIS M5TAL DEVELOPM5T TOOK PLACE 9 ! C\RSE ( POLITICAL ACTIVITIES ( ALL K9DS :I* GAVE HIM AN E>LY TA/E ( ,AU?ORITY & GOV]NM5T4 ,BY CONTRA/ BO? ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK9 5T]$ ! /RUGGLE FOLL[+ A RELATIVELY LONG 9TELLECTUAL PREP>ATION4 ,KROPOTK9 WAS 9 HIS #c? YE> :5 HE MADE HIS 0FIR/ J\RNEY ABROAD0 & BEGAN READ+ ALL ! 0SOCIALI/IC LIT]ATURE0 HE C\LD LAY H&S ON4 ,9 HIS ,MEMOIRS HE WRITES3 

,I SP5T DAYS & NI<TS 9 READ+1 & RECEIV$ A DEEP IMPRESSION :I* NO?+ WILL EFFACE4444 ,! MORE ,I READ ! MORE ,I SAW ?AT !RE WAS BE=E ME A NEW WORLD1 UNKN[N TO ME1 & TOTALLY UNKN[N TO ! LE>N$ MAK]S ( SOCIOLOGICAL !ORIES--A WORLD ?AT ,I C\LD KN[ ONLY BY LIV+ 9 ! ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION & BY MEET+ ! WORK]S 9 !IR EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,I DECID$ ACCORD+LY TO SP5D A C\PLE ( MON?S 9 SU* A LIFE4444.<#b#i.> 

,= ,BAKUN9 IT WAS 9 ,DRESD5 9 #a#h#d#b--:5 HE WAS #b#h--?AT1 TO QUOTE ,C>R1 HE 0WAS READY TO PROCLAIM TO ! WORLD HIS CONV]SION TO ! CAUSE ( REVOLUTION40 

,! W9T] ( #a#h#d#a-#d#b :I* HE SP5T ALONE 9 ,B]L9 SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 ! DECISIVE P]IOD ( ,BAKUN9'S CONV]SION4 ,HE DEV\R$ GRE$ILY ! MASS ( PAMPHLETS & DISS]TATIONS ) :I* ! Y\NG ,HEGELIANS UND] ! V]Y NOSE ( ! C5SORS1 W]E FLOOD+ ,G]MANY4444 ,BY ! TIME HE SETTL$ AGA9 9 ,DRESD5 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#h#d#b1 ,BAKUN9 WAS A FULL-BL[N Y\NG ,HEGELIAN4 ,RUGE DISCOV]$ ?AT HE HAD 0\T/RIPP$ ALL ! OLD DONKEYS 9 ,B]L940.<#b#i#a.> 

,= ,MALATE/A1 0GO+ TO ! PEOPLE0 9VOLV$ TOTAL ID5TIFICATION ) ! WORK+ PEOPLE AS ONE ( !M4 ,& ?IS HE DID E>LY 9 LIFE4 ,AS SOON AS HE CAME 9TO HIS 9H]ITANCE HE H&$ ! PROP]TIES TO HIS WORK+ T5ANTS & :AT MONEY CAME TO HIM WAS US$ = PROPAG&A4 ,9 HIS E>LY TW5TIES HE LE>N$ ! TRADE ( ME*ANIC 9 ! WORK%OP ( A FRI5D & ,9T]NATIONALI/1 ONE ,AG5ORE ,NATTA ( ,FLOR5CE4.<#b#i#b.> ,?R\<\T HIS LONG LIFE ,MALATE/A E>N$ HIS LIV+ AS A ME*ANIC-ELECTRICIAN1 EXCEPT :5 ! POLITICAL SITUATION DEM&$1 & ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T C\LD AF=D TO KEEP HIM1 :ILE HE DEVOT$ HIS ACTIVITIES FULL TIME TO ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,JU/ AS HE WAS ALWAYS OPPOS$ TO P]MAN5T ,UNION (FICIALS & ORGANIZ]S1 SO WAS HE OPPOS$ TO REVOLUTION>IES1 BE+ 0KEPT0 BY ! MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS NOT ONLY A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE1 ?AT IS A RULE BAS$ ON EXP]I5CE1 ( ! H>MFUL EFFECTS ?AT 9EVITABLY ACCRU$ FROM FULL-TIME (FICIALS1 BUT ALSO AN EXPRESSION ( HIS [N 9DEP5D5T SPIRIT1 :I* C\LD NOT BE FREE UNLESS HE W]E ALSO F9ANCIALLY 9DEP5D5T ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,?IS IS :Y IT IS WRONG TO PORTRAY ,MALATE/A AS ! PR(ESSIONAL AGITATOR & REVOLUTION>Y1 9 FACT1 AS WELL AS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,= IF HIS LIFE IS AS IMPORTANT TO ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AS >E HIS IDEAS1 IT IS JU/ BECAUSE HE WAS NEI!R ! PR(ESSIONAL REVOLUTION>Y NOR 0! SA9T10 NEI!R ! 0PROPHET0 NOR ! 0MAN ( DE/9Y40 ,MALATE/A WAS ALWAYS A COMRADE AMONG COMRADES1 EV] SEEK+ TO =W>D HIS PO9T ( VIEW BUT NEV] SEEK+ TO DOM9ATE AN >GUM5T ) ! WEI<T ( HIS P]SONALITY4 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT AS A SPEAK] HE NEV] US$ ORATORICAL TRICKS1 JU/ AS 9 HIS WRIT+S HE WAS ALWAYS CONC]N$ ) CONV9C+ READ]S BY ! CL>ITY1 ! LOGIC1 & %E] COMMONS5SE ( HIS >GUM5TS4 ,& BECAUSE ( ?IS APPROA*1 RA!R ?AN 9 SPITE ( IT1 ALL HIS WRIT+S1 & ,I AM SURE HIS SPEE*ES TOO1 >E FULL ( REAL HUMAN W>M? = !Y >E BAS$ ON UND]/&+ ( ! PROBLEMS 7AS WELL AS ! DIFFICULTIES 9 OV]COM+ !M7 ?AT FACE ALL ?OSE :O >E WILL+ & ANXI\S TO DO SOME?+ TO RADICALLY *ANGE SOCIETY4 

,MALATE/A WAS FULLY AW>E ( ! DANG]S1 AS WELL AS ! ADVANTAGES1 ?AT ! 0EM95CE0 OR 0NOTORIETY0 HE & A FEW O!RS 5JOY$ 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & 9 ! WORLD ( ,LEFT POLITICS4 ,IT IS PROBABLY TRUE TO SAY ?AT HE W5T \T ( HIS WAY TO UND]E/IMATE HIS WOR? SO F> AS ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS CONC]N$1 BUT TO EXPLOIT HIS /&+ 9 ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T :5EV] HE ?\<T IT IMP]ATIVE TO BR+ TOGE!R ALL ! MOVEM5TS & P>TIES ( ! SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y ,LEFT TO ACCEPT AN ,5T5TE ON SPECIFIC ISSUES4 ,MALATE/A WAS ALWAYS V]Y 0POLITICALLY CONSCI\S10 )\T EV] BECOM+1 H[EV]1 A POLITICIAN4 ,HE EXPLOR$ EV]Y POLITICAL OP5+--AS SOME ( HIS POLITICAL 5EMIES W]E TO REM9D HIM YE>S LAT]1 )\T H[EV] ADD+ ! IMPORTANT PO9T1 ?AT ,MALATE/A ! AN>*I/ EM]G$ UNSCA!D FROM HIS EXCURSIONS ALONG 0! PA?S ( POLITICAL EVIL06 ,HIS AN>*ISM WAS NOT 9 HIS HEAD BUT 9 HIS HE>T1 OR TO QUOTE HIS WORDS 0,?IS FEEL+ IS ! LOVE ( MANK9D1 & ! FACT ( %>+ ! SUFF]+S ( O!RS44440 ,BUT 9 ORD] TO A*IEVE HIS 5DS HE WAS ALWAYS GUID$ BY HIS 0HEAD0--?AT IS BY HIS OBS]VATION & UND]/&+ ( ! HUMAN & MAT]IAL PROBLEMS TO BE OV]COME4 

#ba 

,9 A MU* PUBLICIZ$ REC5T WORK ON ,! ,AN>*I/S1 ! AU?OR1.<#b#i#c.> FROM HIS CLOI/]$ UNIV]SITY \TPO/ PRON\NCES S5T5CE ON 0A DISAPPO9T$ LIFE0 :5 HE DECL>ES ?AT AT ! 5D ( ,MALATE/A'S LIFE 7#a#i#c#b7 0,! ,ITALIAN ,/ATE WAS 444 A /RONG] & MORE =MIDABLE ADV]S>Y ?AN IT HAD EV] BE540 ,BUT SURELY1 ,MALATE/A'S LIFE WAS FULL1 & RI*1 & SATISFY+2 HIS IDEAS /ILL /IMULAT+1 & 9=M$ BY ! K9D ( COMMON S5SE & HUMANITY MILLIONS ( \R FELL[ BE+S HAVE YET TO DISCOV]4 

,& IS !RE NO LESSON TO BE LE>N$ AB\T :AT MATT]S 9 \R LIVES1 AS 9DIVIDUALS1 & AS A CIVILIZATION1 :51 MORE ?AN ?IRTY YE>S AFT] HIS DEA?1 ,MALATE/A ! MAN & HIS IDEAS1 >E BE+ PRES5T$ TO ! ,5GLI% SPEAK+ PUBLIC MORE OR LESS = ! FIR/ TIME1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME ! WORLD IS DESP]ATELY TRY+ TO =GET ?AT ,MUSSOL9I & ! O!R SORDID ACTORS 9 ?AT 0AGE ( DISGRACE0 EV] EXI/$8 ,A ?\<T SURELY1 :I* ?OSE HI/ORIANS :O >E N[ SO BUSILY WRIT+ ! OBITU>Y NOTICES ( AN>*ISM MI<T DO WELL TO POND] OV]6 

,V4,R4 

.<#b#b.> ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA1 ,JULY #a1 #aibf 

.<#b#b#a.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A--,LA ,VIDA DE UN ,AN>QUI/A 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#b#c7 

.<#b#b#b.> ,>M&O ,BOR<I1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 7,MILAN1 #a#i#d#g7 

.<#b#b#c.> ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,SCRITTI ,SCELTI ,VOL4 #b 7,NAPLES1 #a#i#e#d7 

.<#b#b#d.> ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK1 ,AN>*ISM--,A ,HI/ORY ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,IDEAS & ,MOVEM5TS 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#c7 

.<#b#b#e.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#b#f.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#b#g.> ,LUIS ,FABBRI1 ,MALATE/A 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#d#e7 

.<#b#b#h.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#b#i.> ,>M&O ,BOR<I1 ,MEZZO ,SECOLO DI ,AN>*IA 7,NAPLES1 #a#i#e#d7 

.<#b#c.> ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA1 ,JULY #a1 #aibf 

.<#b#c#a.> ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA1 ,SEPTEMB] #a#f1 #aibe 

.<#b#c#b.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 ,BAKUN9 E L',9T]NAZIONALE 9 ,ITALIA DAL #ahfd AL #ahgb 7,G5EVA1 #a#i#b#h7 PREFACE BY ,MALATE/A 

.<#b#c#c.> ,LUIS ,FABBRI1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#c#d.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A--,EL ,HOMBRE1 EL ,REVOLUCION>IO1 EL ,AN>QUI/A 7,B>CELONA #a#i#c#c7 

.<#b#c#e.> ,LUIS ,FABBRI1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#c#f.> ,ANGIOL9I QUOT$ ,NETTLAU1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A--,LA ,VIDA DE UN ,AN>QUI/A 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#b#c7 

.<#b#c#g.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#c#h.> ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE 7,FLOR5CE1 #a#h#h#d7 QUOT$ ,NETTLAU OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#c#i.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#d.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#d#a.> ,MALATE/A 9 PREFACE TO ,NETTLAU OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#d#b.> ,MALATE/A 9 PREFACE TO ,NETTLAU OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#d#c.> ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE1 QUOT$ ,NETTLAU1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

.<#b#d#d.> ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE1 QUOT$ ,NETTLAU1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

.<#b#d#e.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#d#f.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#d#g.> ,MALATE/A1 9 PREFACE TO ,NETTLAU OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#d#h.> ,UMANITA ,NOVA1 ,M>* #a#a1 #aibb 

.<#b#d#i.> ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA1 ,JULY #a1 #aibf 

.<#b#e.> ,MALATE/A 9 PREFACE TO ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#e#a.> ,LUIS ,FABBRI1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#e#b.> ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,SCRITTI ,VOL4 #c 7,G5EVA1 #a#i#c#f7 

.<#b#e#c.> ,UMANITA ,NOVA1 ,AUGU/ #b#d1 #aiba 

.<#b#e#d.> OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#e#e.> ,JAMES ,JOLL1 ,! ,AN>*I/S 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#d7 

.<#b#e#f.> ,LUIS ,FABBRI1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#e#g.> ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,SCRITTI ,SCELTI 7,NAPLES1 #a#i#e#d7 

.<#b#e#h.> OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#e#i.> ,>M&O ,BOR<I1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 7,MILAN1 #a#i#d#g7 

.<#b#f.> ,LUIS ,FABBRI1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#f#a.> ,FRE$OM1 ,JULY #aiad 

.<#b#f#b.> ,JAMES ,JOLL1 OP4 CIT41 SEE ,APP5DIX ,I 

.<#b#f#c.> ,FRE$OM1 ,APRIL #a#i#a#f1 SEE ,APP5DIX ,I,I 

.<#b#f#d.> ,FRE$OM1 ,DECEMB] #aiad 

.<#b#f#e.> L',ADUNATA DEI ,REFRATT>I 7,NEW>K1 ,N,J1 ,SEPTEMB] #c1 #a1 #a#g1 #b#d1 #a#i#c#b7 

.<#b#f#f.> ,SEE ,UGO ,F$ELI1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A--,BIBLIOGRAFIA 7,NAPLES1 #a#i#e#a7 

.<#b#f#g.> ,LUIGI ,FABBRI1 ,MALATE/A L',UOMO E IL ,P5SI]O 7,NAPLES1 #a#i#e#a7 

.<#b#f#h.> ,TR5TO ,TAGLIAF]RI1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,>M&O ,BOR<I E ,COMPAGNI DAVANTI AI ,GIURATI DI ,MILANO 7,MILAN N4D4 #a#i#b#a87 

.<#b#f#i.> ,IL ,LIB]O ,ACCORDO 7,ROME1 #a#i#b-#a#i#b#f71 ,F$E6 7,ROME1 #a#i#b#c-#a#i#b#f7 

.<#b#g.> ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA 7,ROME #a#i#b#d-#a#i#b#f7 

.<#b#g#a.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#c#c7 

.<#b#g#b.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 9 ,FRE$OM ,BULLET91 ,DECEMB] #aicb 

.<#b#g#c.> ,SEE ,APP5DIX ,I,V 

.<#b#g#d.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 7,G5EVA1 #a#i#b#h7 

.<#b#g#e.> ,A PROPOSITO DELLA ,PIATA=MA 9 ,RISVEGLIO 7,G5EVA1 ,DECEMB] #a#d1 #a#i#b#i7 

.<#b#g#f.> ,FRE$OM ,BULLET91 ,DECEMB] #aicb 

.<#b#g#g.> ,SEE ,BOR<I1 ,FABBRI1 ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#g#h.> ,SEE ,NETTLAU1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A ,VITA E ,P5SI]O 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#b#a7 ,*APT] #aa 

.<#b#g#i.> ,ONLY QUITE REC5TLY A ,SPANI% SYNDICALI/ ( MATURE YE>S EXPRESS$ TO ME HIS ADMIRATION = ,MALATE/A'S IDEAS BUT REPEAT$ AS A FACT ?AT ,MALATE/A ALWAYS MANAG$ TO GET AWAY :5 ?+S W]E GETT+ 0TOO HOT40 ,HE WAS MO/ SURPRIS$ :5 ,I TOLD HIM ?AT ,MALATE/A HAD SP5T SOME T5 YE>S 9 ! V>I\S PRISONS ( ! WORLD6 

.<#b#h.> ,UMANITA ,NOVA 

.<#b#h#a.> ,TR5TO ,TAGLIAF]RI1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#h#b.> OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#h#c.> ,LA ,PROTE/A WAS A DAILY PAP] = #be YE>S4 ,SEE ,ROCK]1 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 7,LONDON1 #a#i#c#h7 

.<#b#h#d.> ,LUIS ,FABBRI1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#h#e.> ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,SCRITTI ,SCELTI ,VOL4 #a 7,NAPLES1 #a#i#d#g71 ,VOL4 #b 7,NAPLES1 #a#i#e#d7 

.<#b#h#f.> ,LUIS ,FABBRI1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#h#g.> ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#h#h.> ,>M&O ,BOR<I1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#h#i.> ,SEE ,APP5DIX ,I,I,I 

.<#b#i.> ,P4 ,KROPOTK91 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTIONI/ 7,LONDON1 #a#h#i#i7 ,VOL4 #b1 PP4#e#i-#f 

.<#b#i#a.> ,E4,H4 ,C>R1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 7,LONDON1 #a#i#c#g7 

.<#b#i#b.> ,LUIS ,FABBRI1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#i#c.> ,JAMES ,JOLL1 OP4 CIT4 

7,S\RCE3 ,TEXT FROM ,LIFE & ,IDEAS3 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,WRIT+S ( ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 #bae ,$ITION1 $IT$ & TRANSLAT$ BY ,V]NON ,RI*>DS1 PUBLI%$ BY ,P,M ,PRESS -- PLEASE SUPPORT ! PUBLI%]67 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibi 3 ,NOTES = A ,BIOGRAPHY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,M>* #b#h1 #bba 3 ,NOTES = A ,BIOGRAPHY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,NOTES = A ,BIOGRAPHY -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/