,OBAMA & ,D\BLE ,CONSCI\SNESS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,*RI/OPH] ,Z4 ,HOBSON 

,TEXT 3 

,AU?OR'S ,NOTE3 ,MY FRI5D & TEA*+ COLLEAGUE ,NI*OLAS ,P[]S FIR/ HAD ! IDEA ( WRIT+ AN ESSAY APPLY+ 0D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS0 TO ,OBAMA4 ,UNCONSCI\SLY ,I PICK$ UP HIS IDEA4 ,H[EV]1 HIS APPROA*1 FOCUS+ ON ,OBAMA'S AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL WRIT+S1 IS DI/9CT FROM M9E4 ,:AT IS H]E1 9CLUD+ ITS ]RORS1 IS MY [N RESPONSIBILITY4 

,:5 ,I TRY TO SORT \T MY S5SE ( EV5TS S9CE ! ELECTION ( ,PRESID5T ,OBAMA--MY S5SES BO? ?AT ?IS ELECTION WAS A MAJOR WAT]%$ 9 ,U4,S4 POLITICS & SOCIETY1 & ?AT ,OBAMA'S PRESID5CY WILL REALIZE FEW IF ANY ( ! HOPES PEOPLE HAD 9 VOT+ = HIM--,I F9D MYSELF DRAWN TO A FUNDAM5TAL IDEA 9 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN WRIT+ AB\T ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,W4,E4,B4 ,DU ,BOIS'S CONCEPT ( D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS4 

,TO SET \T MY >GUM5T = ?IS >TICLE 9 ! BEG9N+1 ,I SEE ,OBAMA'S ELECTION 9 A DUAL WAY4 ,ON ONE SIDE1 ,I SEE ! ELECTION AS A CONT9UATION ( ! HI/ORIC ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN /RUGGLE TO BE FULLY P>T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES :ILE REMA9+ MIX$ 7P>TLY DI/9CTLY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN & P>TLY 0MA9/REAM0 ,U4,S47 9 CULTURE4 ,& ,I ?9K ! ELECTION REPRES5TS A MILE/ONE 9 ?IS /RUGGLE4 ,ON ! O!R SIDE ,I ?9K ! ELECTION WAS ALSO ! EXPRESSION ( DESIRES BY BO? ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS & O!RS = GREAT] ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 & RACIAL JU/ICE3 FAIRNESS TO WORK+ PEOPLES & M9ORITIES &1 NOT LEA/1 = ! 5D ( USELESS W>S F\<T ONLY = ,U4,S4 DOM9ATION1 NOT SELF-DEF5SE1 AT A MAJOR CO/ 9 HUMAN LIVES4 ,& H]E ,I ?9K PEOPLE'S HOPES HAVE NOT BE5 REALIZ$ & >E NOT GO+ TO BE4 

,TO UND]/& ! FIR/ PO9T IT'S NECESS>Y TO LOOK AT ! MAJORITY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ATTITUDE TO ! ,U4,S41 P>TICUL>LY AS EXPRESS$ 9 & ?R\< IDEAS ( D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS2 ! FIR/ P>T ( ! >TICLE WILL DO ?IS 9 SOME DETAIL4 ,TO UND]/& ! SECOND PO9T IT WILL BE NECESS>Y TO APPLY D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS ?9K+ 9 A SOME:AT DI/9CT WAY1 TO GET ACROSS ! IDEA ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAN *ANGE OV] TIME 9 A MORE 9CLUSIVE DIRECTION & YET REMA9 CLASS DIVID$--& RACE DIVID$ AS WELL1 S9CE CLASS 9 ! ,U4,S4 HAS ALWAYS 9T]TW9$ ) RACE4 ,?IS P>T ( ! DISCUSSION WILL LOOK AT SOME ( ,OBAMA'S POLICIES 9 >GU+ ?AT SOMEONE OP]AT+ )9 ! LIMITS ( ! ,U4,S4 POLITICAL SY/EM1 AS HE IS1 CAN'T *ANGE !SE BASICS4 ,I'M NOT SURE ,I CAN EXPLA9 :Y ?AT IS TRUE EXCEPT = ! MO/ OBVI\S PO9TS3 REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY FITS A CLASS 7& RACE7 DIVID$ SOCIETY BECAUSE 7#a7 ! PEOPLE ) MORE RES\RCES ALWAYS HAVE BETT] ACCESS TO P[] POSITIONS & 7#b7 ! ECONOMIC HEAL? ( ! SOCIETY DOES DEP5D ON ! GOOD FUNCTION+ ( BUS9ESS1 SO ?AT :OEV] IS 9 GOV]NM5T ACTS TO SUPPORT ! BUS9ESS SY/EM4 

,SO 0D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS0 9 ?IS >TICLE WILL REPRES5T SEV]AL IDEAS4 ,ONE IS A HI/ORIC1 MAJORITY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN WAY ( LOOK+ AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--9 EFFECT1 ! ,U4,S4 IS OPPRESSIVE1 BUT CAN *ANGE4 ,! SECOND IS A WAY ( LOOK+ AT ! FUNCTION+ ( ! SY/EM 7SPECIFICALLY ) ,OBAMA 9 (FICE7 TO SEE ?AT !RE CAN BE PROGRESS OV] TIME YET ! SY/EM /ILL REMA9S UNJU/ & OPPRESSIVE--9 EFFECT1 ! ,U4,S4 HAS *ANG$ BUT REMA9S OPPRESSIVE4 ,& F9ALLY1 ?IRD1 ,I'LL >GUE ?AT GIV5 !SE PO9TS1 TO TRY TO USE ! POLITICAL SY/EM TO *ANGE ! SOCIAL SY/EM IS NOT TO TRULY UND]/& D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS4 

,D\BLE ,CONSCI\SNESS AS AN ,ATTITUDE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 

  

,AS /AT$ BY ,DU ,BOIS 9 ,! ,S\LS ( ,BLACK ,FOLK 7#a#i#c71 D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS REF]R$ BO? TO ! WAY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS LOOK$ AT !MSELVES &1 LESS DIRECTLY1 TO H[ !Y LOOK$ AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,DU ,BOIS WROTE3  
  

0.<,T.>HE ,NEGRO IS A SORT ( SEV5? SON1 BORN ) A VEIL1 & GIFT$ ) SECOND-SI<T 9 ?IS ,AM]ICAN WORLD1--A WORLD :I* YIELDS HIM NO TRUE SELF-CONSCI\SNESS1 BUT ONLY LETS HIM SEE HIMSELF ?R\< ! REVELATION ( ! O!R WORLD4 ,IT IS A PECULI> S5SATION1 ?IS D\BLE-CONSCI\SNESS1 ?IS S5SE ( ALWAYS LOOK+ AT ONESELF ?R\< ! EYES ( O!RS1 ( MEASUR+ ONE'S S\L BY ! TAPE ( A WORLD ?AT LOOKS ON 9 AMUS$ CONTEMPT & PITY4 ,ONE EV] FEELS HIS TWO-NESS1--AN ,AM]ICAN1 A ,NEGRO2 TWO S\LS1 TWO ?\<TS1 TWO UNRECONCIL$ /RIV+S2 TWO W>R+ IDEALS 9 ONE D>K BODY1 :OSE DOGG$ /R5G? ALONE KEEPS IT FROM BE+ TORN ASUND]4 

0,! HI/ORY ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,NEGRO IS ! HI/ORY ( ?IS /RIFE1--?IS LONG+ TO ATTA9 SELF-CONSCI\S MANHOOD1 TO M]GE HIS D\BLE SELF 9TO A BETT] & TRU] SELF4 ,9 ?IS M]G+ HE WI%ES NEI!R ( ! OLD] SELVES TO BE LO/4 ,HE W\LD NOT ,AFRICANIZE ,AM]ICA1 = ,AM]ICA HAS TOO MU* TO TEA* ! WORLD & ,AFRICA4 ,HE W\LD NOT BLEA* HIS ,NEGRO BLOOD 9 A FLOOD ( :ITE ,AM]ICANISM1 = HE KN[S ?AT ,NEGRO BLOOD HAS A MESSAGE = ! WORLD4 ,HE SIMPLY WI%ES TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE = A MAN TO BE BO? A ,NEGRO & AN ,AM]ICAN1 )\T BE+ CURS$ & SPIT UPON BY HIS FELL[S1 )\T HAV+ ! DOORS ( ,OPPORTUNITY CLOS$ R\<LY 9 HIS FACE40 7,WRIT+S1 ,LIBR>Y ( ,AM]ICA $41 #c#d-#e7  
  

,AMONG ! MANY IDEAS 9 ?IS RI*LY COMPLEX PASSAGE1 ?REE /& \T = MY PURPOSES4 ,FIR/1 ,DU ,BOIS ?\<T ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS SEE !MSELVES 9 A D\BLE WAY--AS !Y APPE> TO !MSELVES & AS !Y APPE> TO ! ONLOOK+1 CONTEMPTU\S :ITE WORLD4 ,SECOND1 ?AT ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS ACTUALLY HAVE A D\BLE NATURE1 AS 0,AM]ICAN0 & 0,NEGRO40 ,?IRD1 ?AT !Y DON'T WI% TO SACRIFICE EI!R P>T ( ?IS MIX BUT TO BE 0BO? A ,NEGRO & AN ,AM]ICAN40 ,! AMBIGUITIES MAKE D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS A RI* & CONFUS+ CONCEPTION4 ,IS IT LOOK+ AT ONESELF AS 0AN ,AM]ICAN0 ?AT REPRES5TS ! 9TRUSION ( EXT]NAL JUDGM5TS1 AS ,BLACK ,NATIONALI/S W\LD SAY1 OR ON ! CONTR>Y LOOK+ AT ONESELF AS 0A ,NEGRO0 AS ?AT IS UND]/OOD BY :ITES--& IF SO :AT IS ! RELATION TO SEE+ ONESELF AS 0A ,NEGRO0 9 A POSITIVE S5SE8 ,IS ,DU ,BOIS'S IDEA SEMI-,BLACK ,NATIONALI/ 7BECAUSE 0AN ,AM]ICAN0 IS ASSUM$ TO BE A MISCONCEPTION BAS$ ON 9T]NALIZ+ :ITE VIEWS7 OR 9TEGRATIONI/ 7BECAUSE IT IS EXPLICITLY PRO-,AM]ICAN7 OR RACE-POSITIVE 7BECAUSE 0,NEGRO BLOOD HAS A MESSAGE = ! WORLD078 ,F9ALLY1 IS D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS A S\RCE ( ANGUI%1 AS ,DU ,BOIS PRES5TS IT AT FIR/1 OR ( POSITIVE COMPLEXITY1 AS ! SECOND P>AGRAPH IMPLIES8 ,! IDEA HAS BE5 SE5 9 ALL !SE WAYS & MEANS ALL !SE ?+S1 S9CE ! MAJORITY ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS HAVE HI/ORICALLY FELT ! D\BL5ESS ( BE+ A RACE ) A SPECIFIC HI/ORY :ILE BE+--OR 9T5D+ TO BE--FULL & EQUAL CITIZ5S4 ,F9ALLY1 IF ,DU ,BOIS MEANT FIR/ ( ALL TO EXPLA9 H[ ! ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN LOOKS AT H]SELF OR HIMSELF1 HIS DISCUSSION ALSO IMPLIES A WAY ( LOOK+ AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AS A C\NTRY 9 :I* IT IS POSSIBLE 7OR MAY BECOME POSSIBLE7 TO BE 9 REALITY 0BO? A ,NEGRO & AN ,AM]ICAN40 

,BUILD+ ON ?AT DUAL VIEW ( ! ,U4,S41 9 ,9VISIBLE ,MAN 7#a#i#e#b71 ,RALPH ,ELLISON1 :O SAW D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS'S AMBIGUITY AS A S\RCE ( POSITIVE 9SI<T RA!R ?AN DEBILITAT+ T5SION1 DESCRIB$ HIS FIR/ P]SON N>RATOR'S ATTITUDE TO ! C\NTRY ?IS WAY3  
  

0,SO IT IS ?AT N[ ,I D5\NCE & DEF5D1 OR FEEL PREP>$ TO DEF5D4 ,I CONDEMN & AFFIRM1 SAY NO & SAY YES1 SAY YES & SAY NO4 ,I D5\NCE BECAUSE AL?\< IMPLICAT$ & P>TIALLY RESPONSIBLE1 ,I HAVE BE5 HURT TO ! PO9T ( ABYSMAL PA91 HURT TO ! PO9T ( 9VISIBILITY4 ,& ,I DEF5D BECAUSE 9 SPITE ( ALL ,I F9D ?AT ,I LOVE4 ,9 ORD] TO GET SOME ( IT D[N ,I HAVE TO LOVE4444 .<,T.>OO MU* ( Y\R LIFE WILL BE LO/1 ITS MEAN+ LO/1 UNLESS Y\ APPROA* IT AS MU* ?R\< LOVE AS ?R\< HATE4 ,SO ,I APPROA* IT ?R\< DIVISION4 ,SO ,I D5\NCE & ,I DEF5D & ,I HATE & ,I LOVE40 7#e#g#i-#h7  
  

,ELLISON CAPTURES :AT ,I ?9K IS A MAJORITY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ATTITUDE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--!RE HAS ALWAYS BE5 AN IMPORTANT REJECTIONI/1 ,BLACK ,NATIONALI/ CONCEPTION AS WELL-- ?AT 0D5\NCES & DEF5DS10 0HATES & LOVES0 ! C\NTRY4 ,?IS MAJORITY ATTITUDE MAY ,I ?9K LIE BEH9D ! SC5E REPORT$ TO ME BY A FRI5D :O WAS ON #a#b#e? ,/REET 9 ,H>LEM ON ,NOVEMB] #d 9 ! MOM5TS :5 ,OBAMA'S VICTORY BECAME SURE4 ,ACCORD+ TO HIS REPORT1 ! PACK$ CR[D BROKE 9TO A *ANT1 0,U,S,A6 ,U,S,A6 ,U,S,A60--AS IF = VICTORY AT ! ,OLYMPICS4 

,IT W\LD BE EASY TO SEE ?IS *ANT 9 A REFLEXIVELY 0LEFT0 WAY AS REFLECT+ ILLUSIONS 9 ! POLITICAL SY/EM4 ,9 SU* A VIEW ! CR[D P]MITT$ ITSELF TO BELIEVE :AT WE1 ! LEFT1 KN[ TO BE UNTRUE--?AT ! ,U4,S4 SY/EM CAN PROVIDE 7N[ PROVIDES87 FULL EQUALITY4 ,TO AVOID OV]SIMPLIFY+ 9 ?IS WAY IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMB] SOME BASICS AB\T ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY2 ,I HOPE ,I AM NOT MYSELF OV]SIMPLIFY+ OR CONDESC5D+ TO READ]S4 ,!SE />T ) ! FACT ?AT ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS DID NOT COME H]E VOLUNT>ILY BUT AS PRISON]S1 CAPTIVES--?OSE :O LIV$ TO REA* !SE %ORES AT ALL4 ,SURELY1 9DE$1 EA* P]SON 9 ! #a#b#e? ,/REET ?RONG HAD NOT =GOTT5 BUT WAS AW>E ( ?IS FACT2 HAD IT MORE 9 M9D ?AN ANY O!R4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ANO!R FACT IS EQUALLY BASIC3 AT A C]TA9 PO9T1 NO ONE CAN SAY JU/ :51 ! MAJORITY ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS-- BO? FREE & SLAVE AS F> AS WE KN[--CAME TO VIEW !MSELVES NOT AS ,AFRICANS 9 =C$ EXILE BUT AS ,AM]ICANS4 7,AS JU/ NOT$1 !RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ?OSE :O ?\<T O!RWISE47 ,?US 9 #ahbg ,RI*>D ,ALL51 F\ND] & FIR/ BI%OP ( ! ,A4,M4,E4 ,*UR*1 >GU+ AGA9/ PROPOSALS TO REPATRIATE TO ,AFRICA1 /AT$1 0,?IS L& :I* WE HAVE WAT]$ ) \R TE>S & \R BLOOD IS N[ \R MO!R C\NTRY1 & WE >E WELL SATISFI$ TO /AY :]E WISDOM AB\NDS1 & ! GOSPEL IS FREE40 ,?IS 0TE>S & BLOOD0 IDEA BECAME F\NDATIONAL1 REPEAT$ TIME & AGA9 BY O!RS4 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS1 !N1 W]E NOT JU/ 5SLAV$ 9 ,AFRICA & TRANSPORT$ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BUT1 9 !IR MAJORITY1 MADE ! DECISION TO BECOME 0,AM]ICANS0 9 AN AFFIRMATIVE WAY1 TO VIEW ! ,U4,S4 AS 0MO!R C\NTRY40 ,?IRD1 9 DO+ ?IS !Y W]E NOT SO MU* ?9K+ ( ! ,U4,S4 AS IT WAS BUT IMAG9+ IT TRANS=M$ 9TO A MORE DEMOCRATIC1 9CLUSIVE SOCIETY--P>TLY BY !MSELVES4 7,& ALSO1 MANY BELIEV$ 9 !IR PROPHETIC V]SION ( ,*RI/IANITY1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ,GOD'S WILL74 ,?US1 A G5]ATION AFT] ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 ,WILLIAM ,J4 ,SIMMONS1 F\ND] ( :AT BECAME ! ,NATIONAL ,BAPTI/ ,CONV5TION ,U,S,A & AU?OR ( ! ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN BIOGRAPHICAL 5CYCLOP$IA ,M5 ( ,M>K3 ,EM95T1 ,PROGRESSIVE1 & ,RIS+1 =ECA/3  
  

0,H]E 9 ?IS NEW ,S\? ! ,NEGRO %ALL %9E 9 ! CON/ELLATION ( NATIONS1 & BY HIS WORDS & DE$S H& D[N TO UNBORN AGES ! GLITT]+ PAGES ( \R HI/ORY4 ,WE %ALL 9 SOME PROM95T WAY M\NT ! LADD] ( DIFFICULTIES1 SCALE ! CLIFF ( PREJUDICES & HIDE \R HEADS AMONG ! />S40  
  

,!SE WORDS W]E SPOK5 7AT AN ,EMANCIPATION ,DAY CELEBRATION1 ,JAN4 #a1 #a#h#h#g7 :5 ! SEGREGATION SY/EM WAS ALREADY SOLIDIFY+1 BUT ,SIMMONS'S EYE WAS CLE>LY ON LONG HI/ORICAL TIME4 ,SOME?+ LIKE ?IS VISION1 ,I W\LD GUESS--A VISION SIMULTANE\SLY ( CIVIL EQUALITY & ( A ,U4,S4 TRANS=M$ AS A :OLE 9TO A PLACE ( JU/ICE--WAS 9 ! M9DS ( ?OSE :O *ANT$ 0,U,S,A60 ON ,NOV4 #d4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW :AT ! ELECTION REPRES5T$ WAS SIMPLE3 ,WE1 :O MADE ! DECISION LONG AGO TO BECOME ,AM]ICANS BUT W]E = SO MANY YE>S LOCK$ \T & SE5 AS NONCITIZ5S1 HAVE N[ SECUR$ \R RI<T TO BE CITIZ5S TO ! PO9T :]E ONE ( \R MEMB]S HAS BECOME PRESID5T4 ,?AT IDEA1 9 MY OP9ION1 EXPLA9S :Y1 ON ,T,V ?AT NI<T1 ! TE>S W]E /REAM+ D[N ,JESSE ,JACKSON'S FACE1 & MANY MORE FACES BESIDES4 

,?IS P]SI/5T BELIEF ?AT ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS CAN TRANS=M !IR [N SITUATION & HELP ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TRANS=M ITSELF 9TO SOME?+ BETT]--OV] TIME & ) UNREMITT+ EF=TS BO? ( POLITICAL RE=M & ( 9DIVIDUAL & FAMILY IMPROVEM5T--MAY BE RI<T OR WRONG BUT IS NOT /UPID OR NAIVE4 ,A V]SION ( MILITANT RE=MISM1 IT RE/S ON ! UND]LY+ ASSUMPTIONS1 FIR/1 ?AT !RE IS A DEMOCRATIC COMPON5T 9 ! ,U4,S4 F\NDATIONAL IDEAS &1 SECOND1 ?AT ?IS COMPON5T CAN BE US$ /RATEGICALLY AGA9/ ! OPPRESSIVE CURR5T REALITY4 ,?IS BELIEF IS ALSO A V]SION ( D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS ?9K+--IT HOLDS ?AT ! ,U4,S4 IS BO? AN OPPRESSIVE NATION & ALSO A POT5TIALLY FRE] SOCIETY4 ,?IS IDEA1 & ! EF=TS IT L$ TO1 HAVE C]TA9LY BR\<T AB\T SUB/ANTIAL DEMOCRATIZATION 9 ! ,U4,S4 9 ! EPO* S9CE ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 7,NOT !SE IDEAS ALONE1 ( C\RSE47 ,IF ?IS VISION SEEM$ TO HAVE GIV5 WAY TO A K9D ( WE>Y SKEPTICISM 9 ! LONG YE>S ( RETR5*M5T AFT] ! CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T1 IT /ILL %[$ ITS P]SI/5CE 9 ! RESPONSE TO ,OBAMA4 

,NOR IS ?IS VIEW ( ?+S A M]E ILLUSION4 ,:AT HAS BE5 A*IEV$ IS A LIMIT$ BUT REAL BREAK?R\< 9 ! RACIAL 9CLUSIV5ESS ( ! ,U4,S4 SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,I EMPHASIZE ?IS PO9T BECAUSE ! T5D5CY ( LEFTI/S IS TO DISC\NT ! POSSIBILITY ( SU* BREAK?R\<S4 ,! BREAK?R\< ,I ?9K IS NOT JU/ 9 ! 9CLUSIV5ESS ( ! POLITICAL ELITE OR EV5 ! POLITICAL SY/EM AS A :OLE--?\< !SE >E REAL--BUT 9 ! 9CLUSIV5ESS ( ! SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! POLITICAL ELITE HAS BE5 BECOM+ SOME:AT MORE RACIALLY 9CLUSIVE = SOME TIME1 AS CAB9ET APPO9TM5TS & ,SUPREME ,C\RT MEMB]%IPS %[4 ,OBAMA'S ELECTION ALSO M>KS A MOVE TO SOME:AT GREAT] 9CLUSIV5ESS 9 ! POLITICAL SY/EM AS SU*4 ,S9CE ! #a#i#gS1 IT HAS OP5$ UP TO ! PO9T :]E IT'S NO LONG] REM>KABLE TO SEE ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN1 ,HISPANIC1 & O!R M9ORITY MEMB]S ( ,CONGRESSM51 MAYORS1 APPO9T$ & CIVIL S]VICE (FICIALS1 JUDGES1 ETC41 SOME ) SUB/ANTIAL ACCUMULAT$ P[]4 ,OBAMA'S ELECTION BELONGS TO ?IS TR5D--LET US RECALL1 AS ,S54 ,MC,CA9 DID 9 HIS CONCESSION SPEE* ,NOV4 #d1 ?AT #ag YE>S E>LI]1 9 #a#i#a1 ,PRESID5T ,!ODORE ,ROOSEVELT WAS VILIFI$ 9 MU* ( ! C\NTRY = M]ELY 9VIT+ A ,BLACK MAN1 ,BOOK] ,T4 ,WA%+TON1 TO D9N] 9 ! ,:ITE ,H\SE4 

,OBAMA'S ELECTION ALSO REPRES5TS A BROAD5+ ( ! SOCIAL SY/EM AS A :OLE4 ,TO /ATE :AT %\LD BE OBVI\S3 NEV] AGA9 WILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO WOND]1 AS A FUTURE SPECULATION1 :E!R AN ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CAN EV] BE ELECT$ PRESID5T2 &1 = ! *ILDR5 JU/ N[ BECOM+ CONSCI\S ( ! WORLD1 ,OBAMA'S PRESID5CY IS NORMATIVE--0! PRESID5T0 IS A ,BLACK MAN4 ,OV] TIME1 !SE *ANGES MU/ NECESS>ILY HAVE AN EFFECT ON H[ PEOPLE LOOK AT ! MIX ( CULTURES ?AT IS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,= ALL !SE REASONS ! 5ORM\S SPONTANE\S FE/IVAL ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN FRE$OM ?AT GREET$ ! ELECTION & ! 9AUGURAL WEEK1 & ! S5SE ?AT A MOM5T AWAIT$ = #ade YE>S WAS N[ H]E1 W]E NOT WRONG1 NOT NAIVE1 & NOT MISPLAC$4 ,!SE P]CEPTIONS W]E REAL1 ACCURATE1 & TRUE4 

,D\BLE ,CONSCI\SNESS & ,OBAMA'S ,PRESID5CY 

  

,! ELECTION !N1 9 MY VIEW1 DOES REPRES5T A MILE/ONE HI/ORICALLY2 ?AT IS ONE L5S ( D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS = LOOK+ AT ITS SIGNIFICANCE4 ,! O!R L5S LOOKS AT :AT ! ELECTION REPRES5TS POLITICALLY & SOCIALLY--:AT IS LIKELY TO *ANGE 9 GOV]NM5T POLICY & FUTURE SOCIAL REALITY4 ,9 MY OP9ION ?IS A DI/9CT QUE/ION4 ,:AT HAS BE5 A*IEV$ 9 T]MS ( ! HI/ORICAL /RUGGLE = ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN EQUALITY IS CONSID]ABLE1 IF LIMIT$2 :AT IS LIKELY TO *ANGE 9 GOV]NM5T POLICIES & ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL /RUCTURE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS NEGLIGIBLE4 ,IT'S NECESS>Y TO HOLD BO? !SE CONTRADICTORY IDEAS 9 M9D4 

,LOOK$ AT ?R\< ! L5S ( ! HOPES 9VE/$ 9 HIM = SUB/ANTIAL *ANGE 9 ,U4,S4 SOCIETY1 ,OBAMA'S ADM9I/RATION SO F> HAS BE5 A FLAT-L9] & ,I BELIEVE WILL REMA9 ONE4 ,:AT HAS *ANG$ OR IS SLAT$ TO *ANGE IS A S]IES ( POLICY & APPO9TM5T ISSUES ?AT >E IMPORTANT 9 !MSELVES BUT ?AT DON'T 9VOLVE MAJOR %IFTS 9 SOCIETY & >E ALSO AMBIGU\S-- SOME GOOD1 SOME BAD4 ,SPECIFICALLY1 ,OBAMA HAS MOV$ MORE AGGRESSIVELY ?AN ,BU% TO RESCUE BANKS & BIG CORPORATIONS1 9 A PRO-BUS9ESS WAY ?AT SETS ASIDE WORK]S' RI<TS1 9CLUD+ ! RI<T TO JOBS4 7,AS ( ,JULY1 ! ECONOMY WAS /ILL %R9K+1 & ! MA9 EFFECT ( ,OBAMA'S POLICIES MAY HAVE BE5 TO SL[ ! %R9KAGE47 ,OBAMA HAS PROPOS$ A RELATIVELY AMBITI\S HEAL? C>E PACKAGE ?AT MAY 9CLUDE A GOV]NM5T-RUN PLAN ALONGSIDE PRIVATE PLANS2 WE'LL SEE 9 COM+ MON?S IF ?IS PASSES 9TACT 7OR AT ALL74 ,HE HAS ALSO PROPOS$ GOOD MEASURES ON 5]GY & /EM CELL RESE>*1 & HAS ROLL$ BACK SOME ( ,BU%'S ANTI5VIRONM5TAL ACTIONS4 ,HIS FIR/ ,SUPREME ,C\RT NOM9EE1 ,JUDGE ,SONIA ,SOTOMAYOR1 CONFIRM$ ,AUG4 #f1 IS A C5TRI/-TO-LIB]AL JURI/1 MORE LIB]AL ?AN A ,BU% NOM9EE OR1 PROBABLY1 A ,MC,CA9 NOM9EE W\LD HAVE BE51 BUT NOT 9 FACT MORE LIB]AL ?AN ,JU/ICE ,DAVID ,S\T]1 :OM %E IS REPLAC+2 %E WILL PROBABLY MA9TA91 BUT NOT %IFT1 ! LIB]AL-CONS]VATIVE BALANCE ON ! C\RT4 

,ALONGSIDE !SE SOME:AT AMBIGU\SLY LIB]AL /EPS >E MORE CONS]VATIVE ONES4 ,IT'S BECOME COMMON TO READ 9 ! MORN+ PAP] ?AT ,OBAMA HAS EMBRAC$ OR EXT5D$ ,BU% POLICIES ?AT HE PREVI\SLY PL$G$ TO REV]SE4 ,TWO EXAMPLES >E 0NATIONAL SECURITY0 & IMMIGRATION4 ,OBAMA HAS PROPOS$ A NEW SY/EM ( DET5TION )\T TRIAL = ,GUANTANAMO PRISON]S :O >E 0H>D TO PROSECUTE .<MEAN+ ! EVID5CE WAS OBTA9$ ILLEGALLY.> & DANG]\S TO RELEASE02 HE HAS DEF5D$ US+ A 0/ATE SECRETS0 PRIVILEGE TO KEEP SOME CASES \T ( ! C\RTS4 ,ON IMMIGRATION1 ! NEW ADM9I/RATION IS 0VA/LY EXP&+0 ,BU%'S EF=T TO DEPORT ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS 9 LOCAL JAILS1 HAS 0EXP&$ A PROGRAM TO V]IFY WORK] IMMIGRATION /ATUS ?AT HAS BE5 WIDELY CRITICIZ$ AS FLAW$10 & HAS REJECT$ PROPOSALS = LEGALLY B9D+ /&>DS = DET5TION C5T]S4 ,HE REC5TLY RECOMMITT$ HIMSELF TO PROPOS+ A COMPREH5SIVE IMMIGRATION BILL 9 ! FUTURE1 BUT1 BESIDES RAIDS & DEPORTATIONS1 ! MAJOR ADDITIONAL ELEM5T ?IS W\LD CONTA9 IS AN AMNE/Y = UNDOCUM5T$ IMMIGRANTS-- H>DLY A RADICAL MEASURE1 & ONE E>LI] PRESID5TS HAVE ADOPT$ FROM TIME TO TIME4 7,SEE ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,JULY #b1 ,JULY #b#f1 ,AUG4 #d1 ,AUG4 #f1 ,AUG4 #a#a2 SEE SIDEB> >TICLE = MORE 9=MATION74 

,IMPORTANT AS !SE & O!R ISSUES MAY BE1 !Y ALL 9VOLVE DAYTO-DAY MANAGEM5T ( ! EXI/+ SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 ! C\NTRY2 NONE 9VOLVES %IFT+ ! BALANCE 9 ! SY/EM4 ,I'M NOT TALK+ AB\T REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE BUT JU/ AB\T MOV+ SOCIETY BY 9CREM5TAL /EPS 9 A FAIR]1 MORE DEMOCRATIC DIRECTION--:AT ,OBAMA'S SLOGAN 0,*ANGE ,WE ,CAN ,BELIEVE ,90 SEEM$ TO IMPLY4 ,?REE ISSUES CAN ILLU/RATE ! PO9T3 RI* & POOR2 W> & PEACE2 BLACK & :ITE4 ,PROBABLY MANY :O VOT$ = ,OBAMA BELIEV$ HE W\LD %IFT ! BALANCE BETWE5 RI* & POOR A LITTLE1 BR+ SOME RELIEF = ! POOR & /RUGGL+ WORK+ CLASS & MIDDLE CLASS PEOPLE4 ,PROBABLY MO/ BELIEV$ HE W\LD 5D ,BU%'S W> 9 ,IRAQ & EMPHASIZE PEACE & COOP]ATION 9 =EIGN RELATIONS--HIS SIGNATURE ISSUE4 ,& PROBABLY MANY HOP$ HIS ELECTION W\LD BR+ /EPS T[>D GREAT] FAIRNESS 9 RACE RELATIONS1 EV5 IF ?IS WAS AN >EA ,OBAMA1 = /RATEGY REASONS1 AVOID$ /RESS+ 9 ! CAMPAIGN4 

,R,I,* ,& ,P,O,O,R 

  

,A PAIR ( HEADL9ES ON ! SAME DAY SAID ALL ?AT NE$S SAY+ ON ?IS ISSUE4 ,! TOP /ORY 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES = ,JULY #ac WAS HEAD$3 

,BLACK-,:ITE ,GAP 9 ,JOBLESS ,RATE ,WID5S 9 ,CITY ,GULF ,IS ,LESS ,ACROSS ,U4,S4 

,EXP]TS ,UNC]TA9 ,:Y ,BLACKS ,LO/ ,JOBS 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,FA/] 

,& BEL[ ?IS /ORY3 

,= ,GOLDMAN1 ,A ,SWIFT ,RETURN ,TO ,L(TY ,PR(ITS 

,! FIR/ /ORY EXPLA9$ ?AT UNEMPLOYM5T = ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY HAD GONE FROM #f.0 TO #a#e.0 BETWE5 ! FIR/ QU>T] ( #bh & ! SAME P]IOD 9 #b#i4 ,! RATE = :ITES HAD GONE FROM #c TO #d.0 & = ,HISPANICS FROM #f TO #i.04 ,BY ,APRIL #a 0!RE W]E AB\T #h1 MORE UNEMPLOY$ BLACKS ?AN :ITES0 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY 0EV5 ?\< !RE >E R\<LY #a4#e MILLION MORE :ITES ?AN BLACKS H]E40 ,9 ! C\NTRY AS A :OLE1 ,BLACK UNEMPLOYM5T HAD GONE FROM #i TO #a#d.0 OV] ! SAME P]IOD1 :ITE FROM #e TO #h.04 7,FIGURES = ,HISPANICS W]5'T GIV547 ,SO1 TO PUT A SLI<TLY DIFF]5T SP9 ON ! FIGURES1 UNEMPLOYM5T = EV]YONE WAS SO>+1 BO? NATIONALLY & 9 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,IT %\LD BE NO SURPRISE 79 ! ,U4,S47 ?AT UNEMPLOYM5T HITS ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS WORSE ?AN :ITES1 BUT :ITES >5'T DO+ V]Y WELL EI!R4 ,NO?+ *ANG$ 9 ,JULY1 :5 #b#d#g1 MORE JOBS DISAPPE>$ 7BUT ! SP9 WAS ?AT ?IS WAS A SIGN ( HOPE BECAUSE ! RATE ( LOSS WAS SL[]7 & FIVE MILLION PEOPLE1 ONE ?IRD ( ! TOTAL UNEMPLOY$1 HAVE BE5 \T ( WORK MORE ?AN SIX MON?S4 7,!SE FIGURES LI/ ONLY ?OSE REGI/]$ AS LOOK+ = WORK4 ,! REAL NUMB]S >E MU* HI<]47 ,RETURN+ TO ,GOLDMAN ,SA*S1 ! 9VE/M5T BANK1 ITS ACTUAL SECOND QU>T] PR(IT1 PO/$ ! NEXT DAY1 WAS @s#c4#d BILLION4 7,?AT'S CORRECT1 @s#c1#d11447 

,OBAMA IS C]TA9LY NOT TO BLAME = ! ECONOMIC COLLAPSE BUT1 AS ! HEADL9E AB\T ,GOLDMAN ,SA*S %[S1 HIS /RATEGY HAS FOCUS$ 5TIRELY ON NURS+ ! GIANT BANKS & MANUFACTUR]S BACK TO PR(ITABILITY1 HOP+ ?AT WILL B5EFIT EV]YONE4 ,AN ,OBAMA (FICIAL IS SUPPOS$ TO NEGOTIATE ) BIG COMPANIES AB\T SAL>Y LEVELS1 BUT HAS LITTLE LEV]AGE4 ,PUTT+ ALL ?IS TOGE!R1 ! BUS9ESS COLLAPSE WILL EV5TUALLY 5D1 COMPANIES WILL />T REHIR+1 SOME PEOPLE WILL GET GOOD JOBS BACK1 MO/ :O LO/ JOBS WILL GET MU* L[]-PAY+ ONES & BE GLAD ( IT1 MANY WILL BE \T ( WORK = GOOD1 & MULTIMILLION DOLL> SAL>IES WILL BE BACK = ?OSE AT ! TOP4 ,REALLY1 MULTIMILLION8 ,ONE REC5T /ORY LI/S A 0VET]AN BOND SALESMAN0 REC5TLY GIV5 A TWO-YE> CONTRACT AT @s#f MILLION A YE>1 AN 9T]E/ RATE TRAD] (F]$ @s#a MILLION A YE> = TWO YE>S1 & A =M] ,GOLDMAN ,SA*S P>TN] (F]$ @s#a#e MILLION A YE> = TWO YE>S2 BUT H] NEW EMPLOY] SAYS ! FIGURE IS 0WILDLY EXAGG]AT$10 SO P]HAPS IT IS ONLY @s#a MILLION4 7,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES ,AUG4 #a47 ,?IS OBSC5ITY PASSES AS ECONOMIC HEAL?1 & !RE'S NOT A SIGN 9 ! WORLD ?AT ,OBAMA WILL OR CAN *ANGE IT4 ,EV5TUALLY1 AT 9CALCULABLE HUMAN CO/1 AB\T ! SAME RELATIVE DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL? WILL BE RE/OR$--EV5 MORE SKEW$ T[>D BIG MONEY4 

,W,> ,& ,P,E,A,C,E 

  

,9 OV]ALL \TL9E1 ,OBAMA'S =EIGN POLICY LOOKS A LOT LIKE ,BU%'S1 PURSU$ ) MORE SKILL4 ,IT'S AN IMP]IALI/ =EIGN POLICY1 AIM$ ABOVE ALL AT PROJECT+ ,U4,S4 P[] & CONTROL ALL ACROSS ! GLOBE1 BUT ALSO AT REPAIR+ RELATIONS ) ALLIES 7,EUROPE71 RIVALS 7,RUSSIA71 & POSSIBLE OPPON5TS 7! LEFTI/ BLOC 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA7 ?AT W]E DISRUPT$ BY ,BU%'S UNILAT]ALI/ & OV]LY MILIT>Y APPROA*4 ,OBAMA HAS KEPT ! SAME LI/ ( TR\BLEMAK]S 7,SOMALIA7 & FAVOR$ DICTATORS 7,KYRGYZ/AN'S ,KURMANBEK ,BAKIYEV1 :O ALL[S ,U4,S4 AIRCRAFT TO OP]ATE 9 ! C\NTRY7 BECAUSE ! POLICY GOALS >E SIMIL>4 ,OBAMA IS DEPLOY+ ,U4,S4 GLOBAL P[] A LITTLE DIFF]5TLY FROM ,BU%1 P>TLY BECAUSE ( ,BU%'S SUCCESSES4 

,! KEY ,BU% SUCCESS ON :I* ,OBAMA HAS PIGGYBACK$ IS 9 ,IRAQ4 ,OBAMA BUILT HIS E>LY CAMPAIGN ON OPPOSITION TO ! W>4 ,BY ! TIME HE WAS NOM9AT$ !RE W]E QUALIFI]S 9 ! F9E PR9T--,OBAMA W\LD 0WORK ) HIS MILIT>Y COMM&]S TO RESPONSIBLY 5D ! W>10 ACCORD+ TO HIS CAMPAIGN WEBSITE 70,IT'S ,Y\R ,*OICE--,H[ ! ,C&IDATES ,/& ON ! ,ISSUES ,?AT ,MATT] TO ,Y\10 WWW4B>ACKOBAMA4COM74 ,S9CE ,BU%'S 0SURGE0 9 #b#g-#h DID SUCCE$ 9 QUIET+ OPPOSITION 9 ,IRAQ = ! MOM5T1 ,OBAMA WAS ABLE TO AGREE ) ! COMM&]S 7& ,BU%7 ON A 0)DRAWAL0 DATE ( ,JANU>Y #b#a#a4 ,AT ! MOM5T !RE >E /ILL #a#c1 ,U4,S4 TROOPS 9 ,IRAQ1 AB\T ! SAME NUMB] AS 9 #b#f4 ,SUPPOS$LY !Y HAVE 0)DRAWN FROM ! CITIES0 & >E NO LONG] 9 0COMBAT ROLES10 BUT1 ACCORD+ TO A BRIEF+ BY ,U4,S4 COMM&+ G5]AL ,RAY ,ODI]NO 9 ,MAY1 SOME?+ LIKE #c-#d#e1 COMBAT TROOPS WILL /AY 9 URBAN >EAS ?R\< SU* CREATIVE ?9K+ AS R$EF9+ !SE >EAS AS LY+ 0\TSIDE0 !IR CITIES & 0REMISSION+0 ! TROOPS AS TRA9]S OR ADVIS]S1 0AL?\< MANY WILL /ILL GO ON COMBAT PATROLS0 7,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,MAY #i74 ,MO/ TROOPS >E SUPPOS$ TO BE \T BY E>LY #baa BUT A 0RESIDUAL =CE0 ( UNSPECIFI$ SIZE IS SUPPOS$ TO REMA9 AT LEA/ ?R\< ?AT YE>4 ,IT %\LD BE CLE> ?AT ?IS ISN'T A PLAN = PULL+ \T ( ,IRAQ BUT = R$UC+ ! OV]T ,U4,S4 OCCUPATION AS LONG AS ! PRO-,U4,S4 GOV]NM5T IS /ABLE4 ,IF ! ANTI,U4,S4 =CES REGA9 /R5G?1 EV]Y?+ 9DICATES ?AT ,OBAMA WILL /OP OR REV]SE ! )DRAWAL4 

,! O!R SIDE ( ,OBAMA'S W>-PEACE PR(ILE IS ,AF<ANI/AN1 :]E HE IS ESCALAT+ AN ONGO+ ,U4,S4 C\NT]9SURG5CY 9TO AN OP5-5D$ W>4 ,! EXT5T & DURATION WILL DEP5D ON H[ SUCCESSFUL HE IS4 ,DUR+ ! CAMPAIGN1 ,OBAMA PRES5T$ HIS POLICY AS A PLAN TO 0REFOCUS \R RES\RCES ON AL ,QA$A0-- BUT1 AGA91 ! F9E PR9T CONTA9$ QUALIFI]S3 0,! ,TALIBAN HAS REEM]G$ 9 S\!RN ,AF<ANI/AN :ILE ,AL ,QA$A HAS US$ ! SPACE PROVID$ BY ! ,IRAQ W> TO REGR\P4440 70,IT'S ,Y\R ,*OICE10 AS ABOVE74 ,AS ,OBAMA'S POLICY IS N[ UNFOLD+1 AL ,QA$A IS M]ELY ! EXCUSE = ! MAJOR T>GET1 ! ,TALIBAN 9 ,AF<ANI/AN & 9 ,PAKI/AN1 :I* ?REAT5S ! SURVIVAL ( ! ,U4,S4-CREAT$ ,AF<AN GOV]NM5T & ! /ABILITY ( ! ,U4,S4 ALLY1 ,PAKI/AN4 ,! MAJOR FOCUS IS ,AF<ANI/AN & ,OBAMA'S AIM IS TO ]ADICATE ! ,TALIBAN1 :I*1 AFT] ALL1 IS A CONS]VATIVE RELIGI\S ,AF<AN MOVEM5T ?AT NEV] ATTACK$ ! ,U4,S4 :5 IT WAS 9 P[]4 ,IT IS TRUE1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ! ,TALIBAN IS 9 A TACTICAL ALLIANCE ) AL ,QA$A1 BUT ,OBAMA'S GOAL IS CLE>LY TO DEFEAT ! ,TALIBAN ALTOGE!R & /ABILIZE ! ,U4,S4 CLI5T REGIME L$ BY ,HAMID ,K>ZAI1 :O HAS V]Y LITTLE SUPPORT 9 HIS [N C\NTRY4 7,A REC5T >TICLE AB\T HIM WAS 5TITL$ 0,K>ZAI 9 ,HIS ,LABYR9?10 A REF]5CE TO ,GABRIEL ,G>CIA ,M>QUEZ'S NOVEL ,! ,G5]AL 9 ,HIS ,LABYR9?1 AB\T A DY+ & ISOLAT$ ,SIMON ,BOLIV>47 

,! /EPP$ UP ,U4,S4 W> 9 ,AF<ANI/AN IS IMP]IALI/ 9 AT LEA/ TWO S5SES3 IT IS HAT$ BY MANY ,AF<AN PEOPLE & IT IS IMPOS$ BY ! ,U4,S4 ON ! ,U4,S4'S SO-CALL$ ALLIES4 ,ON ! FIR/ PO9T1 A NEWS ACC\NT HEAD$ 0,M>9ES ,L& 9 ,CAULDRON ( ,AF<AN ,RES5TM5T0 7,TIMES1 ,JULY #c71 ONE ( MANY SIMIL> DISPAT*ES1 9CLUD$ ! FOLL[+ COMM5TS FROM VILLAG]S 9 ,M>JA1 ,HELM& PROV9CE1 :I* ! ,U4,S4 BOMB$ 9 ,MAY3  
  

0,WE ,MUSLIMS DON'T LIKE !M .<=EIGN =CES.>--!Y >E ! S\RCE ( DANG]0 7,HAJJI ,TAJ ,MUHAMMAD7  

0,!Y COME H]E JU/ TO FI<T1 NOT TO BR+ PEACE0 7,ALLAH ,NAZAD1 A F>M]7  

0,! PEOPLE >E V]Y SC>$ ( ! RI<T RAIDS4 ,:5 !Y HAVE NI<T RAIDS1 ! PEOPLE JO9 ! ,TALIBAN0 7,SP9 ,GUL1 F>M]7  

0,:O >E ! ,TALIBAN8 ,!Y >E LOCAL PEOPLE0 7A VILLAG] :O W\LDN'T GIVE HIS NAME7  

0,I WILL NOT ALL[ !M .<TO RAID MY H\SE.>4 ,I WILL FI<T !M TO ! LA/ DROP ( BLOOD0 7,HAMZA1 A VILLAGE RESID5T7  
  
  

,! ,U4,S4 IS ALSO PU%+1 PULL+1 & /RONG>M+ SO-CALL$ ALLIES 9TO RELUCTANTLY COOP]AT+4 ,9 ,JULY1 ,PAKI/ANI 9TELLIG5CE (FICIALS1 AS AN 9T5D$ C\NT]WEI<T TO ?IS PRESSURE1 TOLD ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES ?AT ,PAKI/AN OBJECTS TO ! EXP&+ MILIT>Y CAMPAIGN 9 ,AF<ANI/AN4 ,! REASONS >E PLA93 ! W> IS PU%+ ,TALIBAN =CES ACROSS ! BORD] 9TO ,PAKI/AN1 :I* DOES NOT HAVE 5\< TROOPS TO FI<T !M :ILE DEF5D+ ITS BORD] ) ,9DIA4 ,!RE=E1 ! /ORY P>APHRAS$1 0DIALOGUE ) ! ,TALIBAN1 NOT MORE FI<T+1 IS 9 ,PAKI/AN'S NATIONAL 9T]E/0 7,TIMES1 ,JULY #b#b74 ,! >TICLE SUMM>IZ$ ,OBAMA (FICIALS' POSITION AS 0FRU/RATION0 ?AT ,PAKI/AN HAS 0*OS5 TO FI<T ,PAKI/ANI ,TALIBAN :O ?REAT5 !IR GOV]NM5T1 :ILE IGNOR+ ,TALIBAN & O!R MILITANTS FI<T+ ,AM]ICANS 9 ,AF<ANI/AN OR ?REAT5+ ,9DIA0 7SAME74 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ,PAKI/AN HAS ! 9SOL5CE TO HAVE A NATIONAL 9T]E/ & NOT ACT AS AN AUTOMATIC PAWN ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,OBAMA'S ADM9I/RATION DOES NOT NE$ TO TAKE LESSONS FROM ,BU%'S 9 IMP]IALI/ >ROGANCE4 

,PUTT+ ALL ?IS 9 HI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE1 !RE IS NO DIFF]5CE EXCEPT 9 /YLE & TACTICS BETWE5 ,BU% & ,OBAMA4 ,! ,U4,S4 9T]E/ 9 ,IRAQ WAS TO REPLACE ,SADDAM ,HUSSE9'S ANTI-,U4,S4 GOV]NM5T1 :I* HAD BE5 A ,U4,S4 ALLY AS LONG AS IT DID :AT ! ,U4,S4 ASK$1 ) A PRO-,U4,S4 REGIME4 ,9 ,AF<ANI/AN1 TO ITS ANNOYANCE1 ! ,U4,S4 P\R$ 9 TONS ( AID & SPECIAL OP]ATIONS TO FI<T ! ,RUSSIANS 9 ! #a#i#hS ONLY TO LOSE CONTROL :5 ! ,TALIBAN CAME TO P[] 9 ! #a#i#iS4 ,AFT] ! ,SEPTEMB] #a#a1 #ba ATTACKS ! ,U4,S4 W5T TO W> 9 ,AF<ANI/AN SUPPOS$LY TO DE/ROY AL ,QA$A BUT ACTUALLY 7AS ! FOCUS ( ITS OP]ATIONS %[S7 TO OV]TURN ?IS ANTI-,U4,S4 GOV]NM5T & 9/ALL ! PRO-,U4,S4 ,K>ZAI REGIME4 ,OBAMA IS SIMPLY CONT9U+ ?IS POLICY4 ,OBAMA'S WEAK QU>REL ) ,BU% IS ?AT ,BU% TOOK HIS EYE (F ,AF<ANI/AN LETT+ ! ,TALIBAN REGR\P4 ,TRUE 5\<4 ,BUT ! AIM ( HIS POLICY IS ID5TICAL TO ,BU%'S AIM4 ,! POLICIES1 9 O!R WORDS1 COME FROM REAL & LA/+ ,U4,S4 IMP]IAL 9T]E/S 9 CONTROLL+ ! %AKY P>TS ( ! EMPIRE4 

,B,L,A,C,K ,& ,:,I,T,E 

  

,= ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS1 AS ,NI*OLAS ,P[]S WROTE REC5TLY 9 ! ,BROOKLYN-BAS$ ,9DYP5D5T NEWSPAP]1 0,! *ANGE WE CAN BELIEVE 9 HAS BECOME ! *ANGE Y\ CAN DROP 9 A BEGG>'S CUP0 7,JULY #b#i1 WWW49DYP5D5T4ORG74 ,!RE IS UN=TUNATELY NOT MU* ?AT CAN BE SAID AB\T ,OBAMA & CIVIL RI<TS ISSUES4 ,HIS CAMPAIGN LI/$ A BASKETFUL ( GOOD-S\ND+ BUT VAGUE GOALS--0,/R5G!N ,CIVIL ,RI<TS ,5=CEM5T10 0,COMBAT ,EMPLOYM5T ,DISCRIM9ATION10 ETC4 70,IT'S ,Y\R ,*OICE07 BUT ,OBAMA DID NOT CAMPAIGN ON !SE ISSUES & 9 FACT WAS AS SIL5T AS POSSIBLE4 ,MON?S LAT] ?IS REMA9S TRUE1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( 9SIDE-!-FAMILY OCCASIONS LIKE HIS ADDRESS TO ! ,N,A,A,C,P'S #a? ANNIV]S>Y CONV5TION 7,JULY #a#f7 & HIS RESPONSE TO ! >RE/ ( ,H>V>D ,PR(ESSOR ,H5RY ,L\IS ,GATES1 :]E ,OBAMA'S MA9 CONC]N1 UN=TUNATELY1 WAS TO APOLOGIZE = CRITICIZ+ ! POLICE4 7,SEE SIDEB> >TICLE47 

,9 ITS OMISSIONS & EMPHASES1 ,OBAMA'S SPEE* TO ! ,N,A,A,C,P REVEALS A LOT AB\T HIS APPROA*4 7,IT CAN BE READ AT WWW4:ITEH\SE4GOV47 ,AS BEFITT$ ! OCCASION1 ,OBAMA PAID TRIBUTE TO ! ,N,A,A,C,P ITSELF1 REF]R$ TO ! H]OES & M>TYRS ( ! CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T1 & DESCRIB$ HIMSELF1 ,I ?9K S9C]ELY1 AS /&+ 0ON ! %\LD]S ( GIANTS40 ,9 SUB/ANCE1 HE M5TION$ TWO KEY PO9TS AB\T CURR5T SOCIAL PROBLEMS3 7#a7 0,! PA9 ( DISCRIM9ATION IS /ILL FELT 9 ,AM]ICA0 & 7#b7 ?AT 0! MO/ DIFFICULT B>RI]S 9CLUDE /RUCTURAL 9EQUALITIES ?AT \R NATION'S LEGACY ( DISCRIM9ATION HAS LEFT BEH9D40 ,TOO C>EFUL A POLITICIAN TO OMIT SPECIFIC PROGRAMS1 ,OBAMA M5TION$ SEV]AL1 SU* AS EXP&+ TAX CR$ITS1 0MAK+ H\S+ MORE AF=DABLE10 S*OOL & AFT]-S*OOL PROGRAMS1 HIS HEAL? PROPOSALS1 & PROTECTIONS AGA9/ MORTGAGE FRAUD4 ,OBAMA COV]$ ALL ?IS RA!R QUICKLY--9 #deg WORDS1 IF ONE C\NTS1 JU/ OV] #a P]C5T ( HIS SPEE*4 ,= AB\T TWICE AS LONG1 HE SPOKE AB\T $UCATION & AB\T ONE ( HIS FAVORITE !MES1 ! NE$ = ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS TO DEVELOP 0A NEW M9D SET0 TO COMBAT 0! WAY WE'VE 9T]NALIZ$ A S5SE ( LIMITATION2 H[ SO MANY 9 \R COMMUNITIES HAVE COME TO EXPECT SO LITTLE FROM ! WORLD & FROM !MSELVES40 ,!RE'S NO D\BT ?AT BO? >E IMPORTANT4 ,AMONG MY /UD5TS ,I MYSELF HAVE SE5 ! SELF-CRIPPL+ EFFECT ( 9T]NALIZ$ L[ EXPECTATIONS4 ,BUT NEI!R $UCATION1 RAIS$ SELF-EXPECTATIONS1 NOR ! DESIRABLE PROGRAMS ,OBAMA LI/$ BRIEFLY DEAL 9 AN OV]ALL WAY ) ! 0/RUCTURAL 9EQUALITIES0 HE REF]R$ TO4 

,= EXAMPLE1 :AT AB\T ! UNEMPLOYM5T FIGURES ,I M5TION$ E>LI]8 ,! GAP 9 UNEMPLOYM5T IS A 0/RUCTURAL 9EQUALITY0 ?AT HAS REMA9$ 9TACT = DECADES1 EXCEPT ?AT 9 REC5T YE>S IT HAS GOTT5 WORSE4 ,OBAMA DOES NOT RAISE ?IS ISSUE BY HIMSELF4 ,ASK$ AB\T IT 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! CURR5T ECONOMIC MESS1 HE ANSW]$ ?AT HIS JOB IS TO 0GET ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE MOV+4444 ,IF ,I DON'T DO ?AT1 ,I'M NOT GO+ TO BE ABLE TO HELP ANYBODY0 7,N,Y,TIMES4COM1 ,JUNE #b#c74 ,?AT'S TRUE BUT DOESN'T ANSW] ! QUE/ION AB\T ! UNEMPLOYM5T GAP4 ,SETT+ ASIDE ! DIFFICULTY ( TACKL+ ?IS ISSUE DUR+ ! RECESSION1 ,OBAMA'S /AT$ PROGRAMS 70,IT'S ,Y\R ,*OICE10 AS ABOVE7 DON'T CONTA9 ANY LONG-T]M MEASURES TO DEAL ) ! PROBLEM & 9 FACT DON'T M5TION IT4 

,TO DEAL ) !SE 9EQUALITIES WILL TAKE MASSIVE PROGRAMS ( 9VE/M5TS1 PUBLIC WORKS1 & JOB CREATION4 ,:AT BETT] OCCASION ?AN ! ,N,A,A,C,P'S #a? ANNIV]S>Y CONV5TION TO GO ON NATIONAL TELEVISION & ANN\NCE ! NE$ = SU* A PROGRAM--IF NOT = TODAY1 !N TO FOLL[ ! ECONOMIC RECOV]Y8 ,= ?AT MATT]1 :AT BETT] OCCASION TO USE NATIONAL TELEVISION TO TELL ! NATION AS A :OLE1 NOT JU/ ! ,N,A,A,C,P1 ?AT 0! PA9 ( DISCRIM9ATION IS /ILL FELT 9 ,AM]ICA0--ESPECIALLY TO TELL IT TO ! MANY PEOPLE :O NAIVELY ?9K DISCRIM9ATION 5D$ SOMETIME 9 ! PA/8 

,! PROPHETIC V]SION ( ,*RI/IANITY ,I'VE BE5 /UDY+ >GUES ?AT ,GOD WILL HOLD 9DIVIDUALS & NATIONS UP TO JUDGM5T = FAIL+ TO PROVIDE JU/ICE4 ,! ,GOD MAY BE MY?ICAL BUT ! JUDGM5TS >E REAL4 ,ALREADY ONE CAN SEE ! FUTURE ON ! O!R SIDE ( ECONOMIC RECOV]Y1 AFT] ONE OR TWO T]MS ( ,OBAMA'S PRESID5CY4 ,IT'S ONE 9 :I*1 C]TA9LY1 ! ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN & ,HISPANIC MIDDLE & UPP] CLASSES WILL HAVE CONT9U$ TO EXP&1 AS !Y HAVE = HALF A C5TURY1 & AS A RESULT1 GOV]NM5T1 9DU/RY1 & PUBLIC LIFE WILL BE SOME:AT MORE 9TEGRAT$4 ,= ?IS WE CAN BE ?ANKFUL4 ,EQUALLY PR$ICTABLY ! 0/RUCTURAL 9EQUALITIES0 ,OBAMA SPOKE ( WILL CONT9UE & PROBABLY EXP&1 & ) !M ! FALSE >RE/S1 POLICE MURD]S1 LACK ( JOBS1 & YES1 9T]NALIZ$ HELPLESSNESS1 L[ EXPECTATIONS1 & SELF-DE/ROY+ DESPAIR4 ,IF ,OBAMA'S PRESID5CY UNFOLDS TO ITS 5D ) ! MAJORITY ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS & ,HISPANIC ,AM]ICANS /ILL 9 APPROXIMATELY ! SAME POSITION AS AT ITS BEG9N+1 AS ,I ?9K LIKELY1 ! JUDGM5TS WILL FOLL[4 

,D\BLE ,CONSCI\SNESS AS A ,WAY TO ,UND]/& ,OBAMA & ,HIS ,SUPPORT]S 

  

,I'VE BE5 >GU+ ?AT ,DU ,BOIS'S IDEA ( D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS IS FIR/ ( ALL A WAY ( UND]/&+ A MAJORITY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN VIEW ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AS1 SIMULTANE\SLY1 A L& ( OPPRESSION & ! EMBODIM5T ( A DEMOCRATIC IDEAL2 & SECONDLY1 ?AT D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS IS ALSO A WAY ( UND]/&+ SIMULTANE\SLY ! MAJOR *ANGE 9 ! ,U4,S4 L&SCAPE REPRES5T$ BY ,OBAMA'S ELECTION & ! FACT ?AT ?IS EV5T & ,OBAMA'S PRESID5CY >E LIKELY TO MAKE LITTLE OR NO *ANGE 9 H[ MO/ ,AM]ICANS LIVE & H[ ! ,U4,S4 ACTS 9 ! WORLD4 ,D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS REPRES5TS1 ?IRDLY1 A WAY ( UND]/&+ ,OBAMA HIMSELF & HIS SUPPORT]S1 OR MANY ( !M4 

,! D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS ,I HAVE 9 M9D N[ IS NOT ! SAME AS ,DU ,BOIS'S 9T]NALIZ$ NEGATIVE SELF-JUDGM5T BY :ITE /&>DS4 ,:ILE P]HAPS NO MEMB] ( A RACIAL OR O!R OPPRESS$ GR\P CAN 5TIRELY ESCAPE SU* SELF-D\BTS1 ,I ?9K ,OBAMA'S BIOGRAPHY %[S ?AT1 MU* MORE1 AS HE REA*$ HIS MATURITY HE EMBRAC$ HIS ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN SELF AS A POSITIVE ID5TIFICATION ALONGSIDE HIS OV]ALL ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY4 ,! D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS ,I AM TALK+ AB\T 9 ,OBAMA'S CASE IS ONE ( ID5TIFY+ FULLY ) ! ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN COMMUNITY & ITS HI/ORICAL /RUGGLES & AT ! SAME TIME ID5TIFY+ FULLY1 NOT NECESS>ILY ) ,U4,S4 SOCIETY 9 ITS CURR5T =M1 BUT ) ITS POLITICAL SY/EM & ! ECONOMIC SY/EM IT RE/S ON2 SEE+ !SE--& NOT /RUGGLE 9SPIR$ BY PR9CIPLES ( FRE$OM--AS ! S\RCE ( PROGRESS2 & ID5TIFY+ ) ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES' WORLD ROLE4 ,BECAUSE ( !SE ID5TIFICATIONS ,OBAMA IS CAPABLE ( SEE+ CLE>LY ! NE$ TO OV]COME 0/RUCTURAL 9EQUALITIES0 ?AT 5=CE RACISM :ILE BE+ UNABLE TO NAME ANY PROGRAMS TO OV]COME !M4 ,HE IS CAPABLE ( ID5TIFY+ ) POOR & WORK+ PEOPLE MO/ HURT BY ! ECONOMIC COLLAPSE :ILE WORK+ TO RE/ORE ! PR(ITS ( ! F9ANCIAL SY/EM ?AT CAUS$ ! COLLAPSE4 ,& HE IS CAPABLE ( OPPOS+ ,BU%'S W> 9 ,IRAQ :ILE FULLY ACCEPT+ ! POLITICS ( IMP]IAL DOM9ATION ?AT L$ TO ?AT W> & TO ! ,AF<AN W> HE IS ESCALAT+4 

,!RE'S A L>GE MEASURE ( POLITICAL CALCULATION 9 ALL ?IS1 ( C\RSE--MY >TICLE ON ,OBAMA 9 ,UTOPIAN #g REF]R$ TO SOME ( ! RADICAL E>LY POSITIONS HE DROPP$ :5 CONV5I5T4 ,& !RE IS ALSO1 AS ,I /RESS$ 9 ?AT >TICLE1 ! 0VETT+0 PROCESS BY :I* ! POLITICAL SY/EM TE/$ ,OBAMA ALONG ) O!R C&IDATES TO BE SURE ?AT HIS POSITIONS & AFFILIATIONS W]E 0MA9/REAM0 5\< = ! PRESID5CY4 ,IF HE HADN'T MADE ?OSE ADJU/M5TS HE W\LD HAVE BE5 SIDEL9$4 ,BUT UND]LY+ !SE PROCESSES IS ! D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS ?R\< :I* ,OBAMA1 FULLY AW>E ( ! ,U4,S4'S HI/ORICAL 9EQUALITIES & CLASS & RACIAL DISCRIM9ATION1 & SUBJECTIVELY EAG] TO *ANGE !M1 IS L$ BY HIS IDEAS TO EMBRACE ME?ODS & GOALS ?AT MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO *ANGE !M4 

,SOME?+ ( ! SAME K9D MAY APPLY TO ,OBAMA'S SUPPORT]S1 OR SOME ( !M4 ,!IR ID5TIFICATION ) ,OBAMA1 ) ! HOPE ( *ANGE ?AT HE REPRES5TS1 ) ! IDEA ?AT *ANGE IS POSSIBLE 9 & ?R\< ! POLITICAL SY/EM & ?R\< ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY 9 P>TICUL>1 HAS L$ !M--SO F>--TO BE BL9D TO HIS FLAWS4 ,OBAMA'S APPROVAL RAT+S HAVE FALL51 BUT IT IS CONS]VATIVES & ORD9>Y VOT]S :O HAVE FALL5 AWAY1 NOT ?OSE :O W]E MO/ MOBILIZ$ BY HOPE 9 HIM4 ,AS AN EXAMPLE1 A MON? OR SO AGO1 AT A FAMILY GA!R+1 ,I SAT LI/5+ AS TALK TURN$ TO ,OBAMA4 ,ONE ( ! Y\NG PEOPLE1 A COLLEGE /UD5T1 A BIT ( A SOCIAL REBEL1 HAD DONE A LITTLE LEGWORK = ,OBAMA1 & EXULT$ 9 HIS VICTORY BECAUSE ( HATR$ = ! ,IRAQ W>1 HATR$ ( RACISM1 HATR$ ( ,BU% SPECIFICALLY1 & A G5]AL LONG+ = *ANGE4 ,N[1 HE TOLD ) DELI<T ! /ORY ( ! ,NAVY ,SEALS :O1 Y\'LL REMEMB]1 BACK 9 ,APRIL TOOK \T ! ,SOMALI PIRATES HOLD+ A ,U4,S4 M]*ANT CAPTA9 HO/AGE4 ,ASIDE FROM BUY+ 9TO AN 9H]5TLY UNBELIEVABLE (FICIAL /ORY 7! ?REE ,SEALS /OOD ON ! PIT*+ DECK ( A BOAT1 AIM$ AT ANO!R PIT*+ BOAT ?IRTY Y>DS AWAY1 & %OT TWO M5 ON DECK & ONE 9 ! CAB9 JU/ AS ?AT ONE ?REAT5$ ! CAPTA971 MY Y\NG FRI5D HAD JU/ EXPRESS$ COMPLETE APPROVAL ( H[ ! >M$ =CES ( ! WORLD'S MI<TIE/ C\NTRY EXECUT$ PIRATES BELONG+ TO ONE ( ITS POORE/ C\NTRIES :O HAD TRI$ TO SCRAPE (F SOME ( ! UNTOLD MILLIONS ! ,U4,S4 EXTRACTS FROM ?OSE C\NTRIES EV]Y DAY4 ,:AT HAPP5$ 9 MY FRI5D'S M9D ,I ?9K 7DISC\NT+ A LOVE ( ACTION FILMS & GAMES7 WAS AN EFFECT ( D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS4 ,?AT IS1 ON ONE SIDE !RE WAS ! DESIRE = *ANGE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ON ! O!R AN EMBRACE ?R\< ,OBAMA ( ! ,U4,S4 POLITICAL SY/EM1 :I* ,OBAMA'S VICTORY SEEM$ TO HAVE SANITIZ$-- RESULT+ 9 HOT APPROVAL ( AN ACT ( PIRACY 7BY ! ,U4,S474 

,IF ,I HAV5'T ALI5AT$ ALL SIX ( MY READ]S--SORRY1 ,I WAS ON ! SIDE ( ! ,SOMALIS & NO1 ,I DON'T BELIEVE ! (FICIAL ACC\NT--,I WANT N[ TO MAKE A S]I\S PO9T4 ,ON ! P>T ( F> TOO MANY1 NOT ONLY DID ,OBAMA'S APP>5T ABILITY TO (F] *ANGE ?R\< ! ,U4,S4 POLITICAL SY/EM LEAD TO VOT+ = HIM1 BUT N[ CONFUSION BETWE5 ID5TIFICATION ) *ANGE & ID5TIFICATION ) ,OBAMA & ! POLITICAL SY/EM IS LEAD+ TO A SURR5D] ( CRITICAL 9TELLIG5CE1 TO MAK+ EXCUSES = ,OBAMA'S FAILURES1 & TO BLUNT+ ! DESIRE = *ANGE4 ,IF !RE IS TO BE REAL 0*ANGE WE CAN BELIEVE 910 OR *ANGE ( ANY K9D1 IT MU/ BEG9 BY BREAK+ FREE ( ,OBAMA & LAUN*+ /RUGGLES = EV]Y?+ HE IS NOT DELIV]+ & MORE4 ,& SO WE MU/ MA9TA9 D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS4 ,?AT IS1 WE MU/ BE AW>E ?AT ,OBAMA'S VICTORY *ANG$ SOME?+ FUNDAM5TAL 9 ! RACIAL HI/ORY ( ! ,U4,S41 & SIMULTANE\SLY1 ?AT HE & ! POLITICAL SY/EM >E AN OB/ACLE TO ! *ANGES PEOPLE WANT$ :5 !Y VOT$ = HIM4 

,) REG>D TO ! L>G] ISSUES RAIS$ ABOVE1 ,I DON'T KN[1 = SURE1 :E!R ! ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN 0D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS0 VIEW ( ! ,U4,S4 ?AT ,I'VE TRI$ TO DESCRIBE IS TRUE OR FALSE4 ,?IS IS AN ISSUE ( :E!R ! ,U4,S4 SY/EM CAN BE TRANS=M$ OV] TIME1 NOT TOTALLY1 BUT MADE BETT]1 ?R\< BELIEF 9 & USE ( ,U4,S4 POLITICAL IDEAS4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 ?IS ATTITUDE ( CRITICAL CON/ITUTIONALISM--! MA9 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN /RATEGY = *ANGE = A C5TURY & A HALF--HAS L$ TO SOME PR(\ND1 IF 9COMPLETE1 DEMOCRATIC *ANGES4 7,VISIT+ A FRI5D 9 H] BEA* R5TAL H\SE A FEW WEEKS AGO1 ,I SAW A GR\P ( AB\T TW5TY1 EV5LY MIX$ BETWE5 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN1 ,HISPANIC1 :ITE1 & SOME ,ASIAN ,AM]ICAN M5 & WOM51 WALK TOGE!R D[N TO ! SEA4 ,GRANT$ IT WAS PROBABLY AN (FICE P>TY1 BUT NO SU* (FICE C\LD HAVE EXI/$ =TY YE>S AGO47 ,?IS IS MORE ?AN ! COMPET+ SOCIAL PHILOSOPHIES1 ,M>XISM1 ,BLACK ,NATIONALISM1 & AN>*ISM1 HAVE DONE--?\< !Y HAVE BE5 P>T ( ! F]M5T4 ,SO 9 ! S5SE ?AT BY REPEAT$LY /RUGGL+ = JU/ICE ONE CAN GET SOME ( IT--! ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN /RATEGY--! RE=M IDEA IS NOT WRONG1 OR AT LEA/ NOT RIDICUL\S4 

,ON ! O!R H& ! REPEAT$ RE=M UPHEAVALS 9 ! ,U4,S4 7& ELSE:]E7 OV] ! SAME C5TURY & A HALF--! ,CIVIL ,W>1 POPULISM1 ! SOCIALI/ & TRADE UNION MOVEM5TS1 CIVIL RI<TS--HAVE *ANG$ TO SOME DEGREE ! FAIRNESS & 9CLUSIV5ESS ( ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE BUT NEV] ! /RUCTURE ITSELF4 ,I BELIEVE WE NE$ TO *ANGE ! /RUCTURE4 ,AL?\< ,I'LL ADMIT ,I DON'T KN[ H[1 ,I ?9K WE />T BY RECOGNIZ+1 /AT+1 & TEA*+ 7SO F> AS WE CAN7 ! NE$ TO DO SO1 & !RE=E ,I DIDN'T & DON'T BACK ,OBAMA4 ,BUT ,I ALSO ?9K ! REVOLUTION>IES 7BROADLY SPEAK+7 NE$ TO LI/5 MORE1 & MORE RESPECTFULLY1 TO O!RS' POLITICAL & SOCIAL PHILOSOPHIES & !IR 7NOT /UPID OR TRIVIAL7 REASONS = HOLD+ !M2 & ?AT IS :Y ,I'VE SP5T TIME 9 ?IS >TICLE ON ! UND]LY+ D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS ASSUMPTIONS AB\T ! ,U4,S4 ,IF WE DO PRACTICE ?IS RESPECTFUL OP5NESS1 IT MAY HELP \R [N ABILITY TO WORK \T1 AS WELL AS COMMUNICATE1 \R IDEAS4 

,SIDEB> >TICLE #a3 ,P,R,O,M,I,S,E ,H,] ,A,N,Y,?,+1 ,B,U,T ,G,I,V,E ,H,] ,>,P,E,G,E 

  
  

0,AS A S5ATOR1 ,MR4 ,OBAMA 444 VOT$ AGA9/ A #bf BILL AU?ORIZ+ MILIT>Y COMMISSIONS1 BUT IT PASS$ ANYWAY4 ,:ILE ,MR4 ,OBAMA 9ITIALLY HALT$ ! TRIALS1 HE HAS S9CE PROPOS$ REVIV+ !M 9 A REVIS$ =M40 7,*>LIE ,SAVAGE1 0,OBAMA'S ,T]ROR ,POLICY ,LOOKS A ,LOT ,LIKE ,BU%'S40 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,JULY #b1 ,A#a#d47 

0,ON ! CAMPAIGN TRAIL & 9 MORE REC5T /ATEM5TS1 ,PRESID5T ,OBAMA HAS 9DICAT$ ?AT HE WANTS TO LIMIT ! USE ( ! /ATE SECRETS PRIVILEGE4 ,9 C\RTROOMS1 H[EV]1 !RE HAS BE5 LITTLE EVID5CE ( A NEW APPROA*40 7,ADAM ,LIPTAK1 0,OBAMA ,ADM9I/RATION ,WEI<S ,9 ON ,/ATE ,SECRETS1 ,RAIS+ ,CONC]N ON ! ,LEFT40 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,AUG4 #d1 ,A#a#a47 

0,! TIME TO FIX \R BROK5 IMMIGRATION SY/EM IS N[4 ,IT IS CRITICAL ?AT AS WE EMB>K ON ?IS 5ORM\S V5TURE TO UPDATE \R IMMIGRATION SY/EM1 IT IS FULLY REFLECTIVE ( ! P[]FUL TRADITION ( IMMIGRATION 9 ?IS C\NTRY & FULLY REFLECTIVE ( \R VALUES & IDEALS40 7,OBAMA ,/ATEM5T 9 ,U4,S4 ,S5ATE1 ,MAY #b#c1 #b#g4 ,FROM 0,B>ACK ,OBAMA & ,JOE ,BID53 ,FI<T+ = ,COMPREH5SIVE ,IMMIGRATION ,RE=M10 ,IMMIGRATION ,FACT ,%EET1 WWW4B>ACKOBAMA4COM47 

0,B>ACK ,OBAMA SUPPORTS A SY/EM ?AT ALL[S UNDOCUM5T$ IMMIGRANTS :O >E 9 GOOD /&+ TO PAY A F9E1 LE>N ,5GLI%1 NOT VIOLATE ! LAW1 & GO TO ! BACK ( ! L9E = OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME CITIZ5S40 7,SAME47 

0,! ,OBAMA ADM9I/RATION IS VA/LY EXP&+ A F$]AL EF=T BEGUN UND] ,PRESID5T ,GEORGE ,W4 ,BU% TO ID5TIFY & DEPORT ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS HELD 9 LOCAL JAILS4444 ',WE >E 9T]E/$ 9 ID5TIFY+ & REMOV+ ALL (F5D]S IF WE CAN1' ,MR4 .<,JOHN ,T4.> ,MORTON .<ASSI/ANT SECRET>Y ( HOMEL& SECURITY.> SAID 9 AN 9T]VIEW4 ',BUT WE HAVE LIMIT$ RES\RCES1 & 9 A WORLD ( LIMIT$ RES\RCES WE >E FOCUS+ ON VIOL5T S]I\S (F5D]S FIR/4'07,JAMES ,C4 ,MC,K9LEY ,JR41 0,DEBATE ,9T5SIFIES AS A ,F$]AL ,DEPORTATION ,PROGRAM ,IS ,SET TO ,EXP&10 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,JULY #b#f1 #a#c47 

,A 0REVIEW ( ! ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS SELECT$ = DEPORTATION 9 JAILS 9 ,H>RIS ,C\NTY1 ,TEX40 %[S ?AT \T ( A TOTAL ( #b1#c#a#c1 SOME #b1#a#g#c1 OR #id P]C5T1 W]E >RE/$ ON ! FOLL[+ *>GES3 #fg = DRUNK DRIV+1 #fg = DRUG POSSESSION1 #ddf = SIMPLE ASSAULT1 #ae = V>I\S TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS1 #aa = RUNN+ FROM ! POLICE1 #ha = NOT HAV+ ID5TIFICATION1 & #ee = NOT GIV+ AN (FIC] 9=MATION4 #a#d1 OR #f P]C5T1 W]E >RE/$ ON MORE S]I\S *>GES3 #i = AGGRAVAT$ ASSAULT1 #c = AGGRAVAT$ ROBB]Y1 #ac = SEXUAL ASSAULT ON A *ILD1 & #g = MURD]4 70,*>GES ,AGA9/ ,IMMIGRANTS ,S5T ,HOME10 SIDEB>1 SAME >TICLE47 ,NO 9=MATION WAS PROVID$ ON CONVICTIONS2 >RE/EES F\ND TO BE ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS CAN BE DEPORT$ :E!R OR NOT !Y >E CONVICT$ ON ! >RE/ *>GES4 

0,AFT] E>LY PL$GES BY ,PRESID5T ,OBAMA ?AT HE W\LD MOD]ATE ! ,BU% ADM9I/RATION'S T\< POLICY ON IMMIGRATION 5=CEM5T1 HIS ADM9I/RATION IS PURSU+ AN AGGRESSIVE POLICY = AN ILLEGAL-IMMIGRATION CRACKD[N4444 ,?AT APPROA* BR+S ,MR4 ,OBAMA >\ND TO ! POSITION ?AT HIS ,REPUBLICAN RIVAL1 ,S5ATOR ,JOHN ,MC,CA91 ESP\S$ DUR+ LA/ YE>'S PRESID5TIAL CAMPAIGN1 A /ANCE ,MR4 ,OBAMA REJECT$ !N AS TOO H>D ON ,LAT9O & IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES40 7,JULIA ,PRE/ON1 0,FIRM ,/ANCE ON ,ILLEGAL ,IMMIGRATION ,REMA9S ,POLICY ,UND] ,OBAMA10 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,AUG4 #d1 ,A#a#d47 

0,! ,OBAMA ADM9I/RATION 9T5DS TO ANN\NCE AN AMBITI\S PLAN444TO OV]HAUL ! MU*-CRITICIZ$ WAY ! NATION DETA9S IMMIGRATION VIOLATORS1 TRY+ TO TRANS=M IT FROM A PAT*WORK ( JAIL & PRISON CELLS TO :AT ITS NEW *IEF CALL$ A 'TRULY CIVIL DET5TION SY/EM4' 444 ,! GOV]NM5T WILL /OP S5D+ FAMILIES TO ! ,T4 ,DON ,HUTTO ,RESID5TIAL ,C5T]1 A =M] /ATE PRISON NE> ,AU/91 ,TEX41 ?AT DREW444SCA?+ NEWS COV]AGE = PUTT+ Y\NG *ILDR5 BEH9D RAZOR WIRE4444 ,HUTTO WILL BE CONV]T$ 9TO AN IMMIGRATION JAIL = WOM540 7,N9A ,B]N/E91 0,U4,S4 TO ,OV]HAUL ,DET5TION ,POLICY = ,IMMIGRANTS10 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,AUG4 #f1 ,A#a1 ,A#d47  
  
,SIDEB> >TICLE #b3 ,P,R,(,E,S,O,R ,G,A,T,E,S ,9 ,H,&,C,U,F,F,S 

  

,! N[-FAM\S ,JULY #af 5C\NT] BETWE5 ,H5RY ,L\IS ,GATES1 ,ALPHONSE ,FLET*] ,UNIV]SITY ,PR(ESSOR & ,DIRECTOR ( ! ,W4 ,E4 ,B4 ,DU ,BOIS ,9/ITUTE = ,AFRICAN & ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ,RESE>* AT ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY1 & A :ITE ,CAMBRIDGE ,MASSA*USETTS POLICE (FIC]1 ,S]GEANT ,JAMES ,CR[LEY1 PLUS ! V>Y+ RESPONSES TO ! 9CID5T BY ,PRESID5T ,OBAMA1 (F] A SNAP%OT ( :AT IT IS LIKE TO BE ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AT ! MOM5T4 

,AS MO/ PEOPLE KN[1 ,GATES F\ND ! DOOR ( HIS ,CAMBRIDGE HOME /UCK :5 RETURN+ FROM A TRIP TO ,*9A & 5LI/$ ! HELP ( HIS CAB DRIV] 9 =C+ IT OP54 ,A WOMAN D[N ! /REET PHON$ A WOMAN ACROSS ! /REET FROM ,GATES1 :O1 NOT SURE IF ANY?+ BAD WAS HAPP5+1 CALL$ ASK+ ! POLICE TO *ECK UP4 ,CR[LEY RESPOND$1 F\ND ,GATES 9SIDE ! H\SE1 ASK$ OR ORD]$ HIM TO /EP \TSIDE 7,GATES REFUS$71 SAW PRO( ( ,GATES'S ID5TITY BUT CONT9U$ QUE/ION+ HIM &1 AFT] ,GATES PROTE/$ & YELL$ AT HIM1 >RE/$ ,GATES = DISORD]LY CONDUCT4 ,! NEXT DAY ! ,CAMBRIDGE POLICE1 S5S+ A NO-W9 SITUATION AFT] >RE/+ A S5IOR ,H>V>D PR(ESSOR 9SIDE HIS [N H\SE1 DROPP$ ! *>GES4 

,!RE >E SOME UNC]TA9TIES3 ,CR[LEY'S REPORT /AT$ ?AT ,GATES AT FIR/ REFUS$ TO %[ ,I,D :ILE ,GATES SAID HE DID SO AT ONCE4 ,I KN[ H[ TO READ POLICE REPORTS 7A POLICE REPORT IS A DOCUM5T ?AT %[S ?AT ! POLICE1 :O KN[ :AT >E LAWFUL COMM&S1 ACT$ ACCORD+ TO ! LAW7 & 9 ANY CASE1 ,CR[LEY LI$ AB\T SEV]AL O!R MATT]S1 NOTABLY :E!R ! CALL TO ! POLICE SPECIFI$ ! 09TRUD]'S0 RACE 7,CR[LEY SAID YES1 TRANSCRIPTS SAY NO74 ,SO ON BALANCE :AT HAPP5$ IS ?AT ,GATES %[$ ,I,D1 ,CR[LEY WASN'T SATISFI$1 ,GATES BLEW HIS /ACK & GOT >RE/$4 ,ASK$ AB\T ! CASE1 ,OBAMA RESPOND$ ?AT ,GATES WAS A FRI5D1 SO HE WANT$ TO BE C>EFUL1 & ?AT EV]YONE %\LD BE CAUTI\S 9 SU* CASES1 BUT ?AT IT SEEM$ EVID5T ?AT ! POLICE HAD 0ACT$ /UPIDLY10 & ADDITIONALLY ?AT 0!RE IS A LONG HI/ORY 9 ?IS C\NTRY ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS & ,LAT9OS BE+ /OPP$ BY LAW 5=CEM5T DISPROPORTIONATELY4 ,?AT'S JU/ A FACT0 70,NEWS ,CONF]5CE BY ! ,PRESID5T10 ,JULY #b#b1 PO/$ ,JULY #b#c1 WWW4:ITEH\SE4GOV74 ,! WORD 0/UPIDLY0 BACKFIR$ AMID A CAMPAIGN BY POLICE & CONS]VATIVE BLOGG]S TO DEF5D ,CR[LEY AS HAV+ ACT$ PR(ESSIONALLY & AS A D$ICAT$ (FIC] :O EV5 LEADS TRA9+ SESSIONS ON H[ TO AVOID RACIAL PR(IL+4 7,?IS MEANS3 H[ TO CONDUCT /OP & FRISK OP]ATIONS ?AT DON'T MEET LEGAL DEF9ITIONS ( RACIAL PR(IL+47 ,CONS]VATIVES SEIZ$ ON ,OBAMA'S COMM5TS TO %[ ?AT HE IS BIAS$ AGA9/ ! POLICE4 ,TWO DAYS LAT] ,OBAMA WALK$ 9TO ! ,:ITE ,H\SE BRIEF+ ROOM & BACK$ D[N3 HE SAID HE /ILL ?\<T ! >RE/ 0AN OV]REACTION0 BUT ?AT ,GATES 0PROBABLY OV]REACT$ AS WELL10 ?AT HE1 ,OBAMA1 0OBVI\SLY CONTRIBUT$ TO RAT*ET+ IT UP10 & ?AT 09 MY *OICE ( WORDS1 ,I ?9K ,I UN=TUNATELY GAVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT ,I WAS MALIGN+ ! ,CAMBRIDGE ,POLICE ,DEP>TM5T OR ,S]GEANT ,CR[LEY SPECIFICALLY--& ,I C\LD HAVE CALIBRAT$ ?OSE WORDS DIFF]5TLY0 70,/ATEM5T BY ! ,PRESID5T10 ,JULY #b#d1 SAME S\RCE74 

,:AT REALLY HAPP5$8 

,SOME 9SI<T IS PROVID$ BY ,AL ,VIVIAN1 PRESID5T ( ,BASIC ,DIV]SITY1 ,9C41 A CONSULT+ S]VICE 9 ,ATLANTA1 :O SUMM>IZ$ :AT HE CALL$ AN 0UNWRITT5 CODE0 AMONG ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS3 0,QUIET POLIT5ESS IS RULE ,NO4 #a 9 SURVIV+ AN 9CID5T ( RACIAL PR(IL+1 HE SAID4 ,SO IS FREQU5T USE ( ! WORD 'SIR'0 7,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,JULY #b#d74 ,ANY Y\NG ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN MAN KN[S !SE RULES1 OR HAS HAD !M EXPLA9$ BY HIS P>5T OR A C\NSELOR1 & KN[S ?AT HE IS AT RISK IF HE IGNORES !M4 ,SO FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW ,GATES =GOT ! BASICS ( BE+ ,BLACK 9 ! ,U4,S4 ,KN[+ ?AT HE IS A WORLD-FAM$ S*OL>1 HOLD] ( MORE ?AN =TY HONOR>Y DEGREES & AU?OR ( F\RTE5 BOOKS--& P]HAPS TIR$ FROM A LONG FLI<T & ON $GE FROM ! PROBLEM ) HIS DOOR--,GATES =GOT D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS1 NEGLECT$ TO SWIT* CODES1 REACT$ AS 0AN ,AM]ICAN0 RA!R ?AN 0A ,NEGRO10 & FAIL$ TO USE 0QUIET POLIT5ESS0 & FREQU5TLY SAY 0SIR40 

,:AT HAPP5$ TO ,GATES1 9 O!R WORDS1 %[S ?AT ! TACTICS ( SURVIV+ :ILE ,BLACK HAVE NOT *ANG$ AT ALL S9CE ,JAN4 #b1 #b#i4 ,BOB ,H]B]T1 ,OP-,$ COLUMNI/ = ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 REM9DS US ( :AT ANYONE ) REASONABLY %>P EYES KN[S3 0,BLACK PEOPLE >E CON/ANTLY BE+ /OPP$1 SE>*$1 H>ASS$1 PUBLICLY HUMILIAT$1 ASSAULT$1 >RE/$ & SOMETIMES KILL$ BY POLICE (FIC]S 9 ?IS C\NTRY = NO GOOD REASON40 ,&3 ( ! HALF-MILLION POLICE /OPS ( PRIVATE CITIZ5S 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY EV]Y YE>1 0! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ?OSE /OPP$ >E BLACK OR ,LAT9O1 & ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY >E 9NOC5T ( ANY WRONGDO+0 7,AUG4 #a74 ,IT IS WOR? ?9K+ AB\T H[ ?IS CASE W\LD HAVE UNFOLD$ IF ! 09TRUD]0 HAD NOT BE5 ,H5RY ,L\IS ,GATES1 FAM$ PR(ESSOR & AU?OR1 BUT AN ORD9>Y ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN HOME[N]1 SAY AN ACC\NTANT OR ELECTRICIAN RETURN+ FROM AN \T ( T[N TRIP4 ,P]HAPS ?AT P]SON1 MORE ON GU>D1 W\LD HAVE REMEMB]$ ! RULES4 ,IF NOT1 AT BE/ HE W\LD N[ BE FAC+ REPEAT$ C\RT APPE>ANCES2 AT WOR/1 BEAT+--OR WORSE4 

,AS = ,PRESID5T ,OBAMA1 HE TOO =GOT ! RULES4 ,?AT IS1 9 HIS 9ITIAL REM>KS1 :ILE SPEAK+ CRISPLY & CALMLY AS ALWAYS1 HE =GOT 79 EFFECT7 TO USE 0QUIET POLIT5ESS0 & FREQU5TLY SAY 0SIR0--BY AFFIRM+ RESPECT = ! POLICE & ,SGT4 ,CR[LEY & ALL ! O!R WORDS HE =C$ FROM HIS M\? TWO DAYS LAT]4 ,HE SPOKE1 = ! MOM5T1 HONE/LY AS A ,BLACK MAN 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 GOT SLAPP$ D[N = IT1 & BACK$ (F4 ,HE TOO =GOT D\BLE CONSCI\SNESS & CODE SWIT*+1 =GOT ?AT A ,BLACK MAN 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MU/ *OOSE :5 TO SPEAK AS A ,BLACK MAN 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & :5 TO SPEAK AS A ,BLACK MAN IS SUPPOS$ TO SPEAK 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,& HE =GOT ! BASIC B>GA9 ?AT L$ TO HIS PRESID5CY3 ?AT HE C\LD BECOME PRESID5T IF HE DID NOT ACT AS A PRESID5T = ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS1 IF HE DID NOT PROVIDE LEAD]%IP ON RACE ISSUES1 IF HE UPHELD ! FICTION ?AT !RE IS ALREADY 7) A FEW LAPSES7 IMP>TIAL LEGAL JU/ICE = ALL4 

,LET US IMAG9E1 = A MOM5T1 ?AT ,OBAMA HAD ACT$ DIFF]5TLY4 ,LET'S IMAG9E ?AT HE HAD S*$UL$ A PRIME-TIME SPEE*4 7,HE IS ! PRESID5T2 HE CAN S*$ULE SU* A SPEE* IF HE WANTS1 ESPECIALLY ON AN ISSUE ?AT ALREADY HAS ! C\NTRY'S ATT5TION74 ,& !N LET'S SUPPOSE ?AT ) TIME TO PREP>E HIS REM>KS ) C>E1 HE HAD TOLD ! NATION1 MOM5T>ILY FOCUS$ ON ?IS ISSUE1 ! TRU? AB\T POLICE CONDUCT T[>D ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS & HAD SPOK5 ( ! NE$ = *ANGE1 5=CEABLE RE=MS4 ,TO DO ?IS1 ( C\RSE1 W\LD HAVE MEANT MAK+ EQUAL RI<TS = ALL A DEF9+ !ME ( HIS PRESID5CY4 

,! ,GATES AFFAIR TEA*ES US MU* AB\T ! /ATE ( RACE RELATIONS 9 ! ,U4,S4 AT PRES5T1 & AB\T ! C\NTRY'S PRESID5T AS WELL4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #e? ,AUGU/ #bba FROM UTOPIANMAG4COM47 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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