,( ,HI/ORY & ,ROMANCE 

#agig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TAGS 3 /UDY ( HI/ORY1 SPECIES ( COMPOSITION1 WRIT] ( ROMANCE1 HI/ORY ( NATIONS1 NATURE ( MAN1 HI/ORY ( 5GL&1 ABBE PREVO/1 MOD]N TIMES1 ANCI5T HI/ORY1 ROMANCE WRIT]4 

,TEXT 3 

,NOTE3  ,GODW9 WROTE ?IS PIECE1 ACCORD+ TO A NOTE 9  
! MANUSCRIPT1 0:ILE ! ,5QUIR] .<#a#g#i#g.> WAS 9 ! PRESS1 UND]  
! IMPRESSION ?AT ! FAVOR ( ! PUBLIC MI<T HAVE DEM&$  
ANO!R VOLUME40 

  

,PHOTO BY ,LOZ ,PYCOCK1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,! /UDY ( HI/ORY MAY WELL BE RANK$ AMONG ?OSE PURSUITS  
:I* >E MO/ WOR?Y TO BE *OS5 BY A RATIONAL BE+4 

,! /UDY ( HI/ORY DIVIDES ITSELF 9TO TWO PR9CIPAL  
BRAN*ES2 ! /UDY ( MANK9D 9 A MASS1 ( ! PROGRESS !  
FLUCTUATIONS1 ! 9T]E/S & ! VISES ( SOCIETY2 & !  
/UDY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,! HI/ORY ( A NATION MI<T BE WRITT5 9 ! FIR/ ( !SE  
S5SES1 5TIRELY 9 T]MS ( AB/RACTION1 & )\T DESC5D+  
SO MU* AS TO NAME ONE ( ?OSE 9DIVIDUALS TO :I* ! NATION IS  
COMPOS$4 

,IT IS CURI\S1 & IT IS IMPORTANT1 TO TRACE ! PROGRESS (  
MANK9D FROM ! SAVAGE TO ! CIVILIZ$ /ATE2 TO OBS]VE !  
PO9TS ( SIMILITUDE BETWE5 ! SAVAGES ( ,AM]ICA & !  
SAVAGES ( ANCI5T ,ITALY OR ,GREECE2 TO 9VE/IGATE ! RISE (  
PROP]TY MOVABLE TO IMMOVEABLE2 & ?US TO ASC]TA9 ! CAUSES  
?AT OP]ATE UNIV]SALLY UPON MASSES ( M5 UND] GIV5  
CIRCUM/ANCES1 )\T BE+ TURN$ ASIDE 9 !IR OP]ATION BY  
! V>Y+ *>ACT] ( 9DIVIDUALS4 

,! FUNDAM5TAL >TICLE 9 ?IS BRAN* ( HI/ORICAL  
9VE/IGATION1 IS ! PROGRESS & V>IETIES ( CIVILIZATION4  ,BUT  
!RE >E MANY SUBORD9ATE *ANNELS 9TO :I* IT HAS =M$  
ITSELF4  ,WE MAY /UDY ! HI/ORY ( ELOQU5CE OR ! HI/ORY (  
PHILOSOPHY4  ,WE MAY APPLY \RSELVES TO ! CONSID]ATION & !  
>TS ( LIFE1 & ! >TS ( REF9EM5T & PLEASURE4  ,!RE LIE  
BE=E US ! HI/ORY ( WEAL? & ! HI/ORY ( COMM]CE4  ,WE  
MAY /UDY ! PROGRESS ( REV5UE & ! >TS ( TAXATION4  ,WE  
MAY FOLL[ ! V>IETIES ( CLIMATES1 & TRACE !IR EFFECTS ON  
! HUMAN BODY & ! HUMAN M9D4  ,NAY1 WE MAY DESC5D /ILL  
L[]2 WE MAY HAVE \R ATT5TION 5GROSS$ BY ! SUCCESSION ( >*ONS .<#a.> & ! ADJU/M5T ( OLYMPIADS .<#b.>2 OR MAY APPLY \RSELVES 5TIRELY  
TO ! EXAM9ATION ( M$ALS & CO9S4 

,!RE >E ?OSE :O CONCEIVE ?AT HI/ORY1 9 ONE OR ALL !  
K9DS H]E 5UM]AT$1 IS ! ONLY SPECIES ( HI/ORY DES]V+ A  
S]I\S ATT5TION4  ,!Y DISDA9 ! RECORDS ( 9DIVIDUALS4  ,TO  
9T]E/ \R PASSIONS1 OR EMPLOY \R ?\<TS AB\T P]SONAL  
EV5TS1 BE !Y ( PATRIOTS1 ( AU?ORS1 ( H]OES OR K9DS1 !Y  
REG>D AS A SYMPTOM ( EFFEM9ACY4  ,!IR MI<TY M9DS CANNOT  
DESC5D TO BE BUSI$ AB\T ANY?+ LESS ?AN ! CONDITION (  
NATIONS1 & ! COLLATION & COMP>ISON ( SUCCESSIVE AGES4   
,:ATEV] W\LD DI/URB BY EXCIT+ \R FEEL+S ! TORPID  
TRANQUILITY ( ! S\L1 !Y HAVE 9 UNSPEAKABLE ABHORR5CE4 

,IT IS TO BE FE>$ ?AT ONE ( ! CAUSES ?AT HAVE DICTAT$  
! PANEGYRIC :I* HAS SO (T5 BE5 PRON\NC$ UPON ?IS S]IES  
( HI/ORY1 IS ITS DRY & REPULSIVE NATURE4  ,M5 :O BY  
P]SEV]+ EX]TIONS HAVE CONQU]$ ?IS SUBJECT 9 DEFIANCE (  
9NUM]ABLE OB/ACLES1 WILL ALMO/ ALWAYS BE ABLE TO ASCRIBE TO IT  
A DISPROPORTIONATE VALUE4  ,M5 :O HAVE NOT DONE ?IS1 (T5  
IMAG9E !Y %ALL ACQUIRE AT A *EAP RATE AMONG ! IGNORANT !  
REPUTATION ( PR(\ND1 BY PRAIS+1 9 ! /YLE ( AN ADEPT1  
?AT :I* FEW M5 V5TURE SO MU* AS TO APPROA*4  ,DIFFICULTY HAS  
A T5D5CY TO MAGNIFY TO ALMO/ ALL EYES ! EXCELL5CE ( ?AT  
:I* ONLY ?R\< DIFFICULTY CAN BE ATTA9$4 

,! M9D ( MAN DOES NOT LOVE AB/RACTIONS4  ,ITS G5U9E &  
NATIVE TA/E1 AS IT DISCOV]S ITSELF 9 *ILDR5 & UN$UCAT$  
P]SONS1 RE/S 5TIRELY 9 9DIVIDUALITIES4  ,IT IS ONLY BY  
P]SEV]ANCE & CU/OM ?AT WE >E BR\<T TO HAVE A RELI% =  
PHILOSOPHY1 MA!MATICAL1 NATURAL OR MORAL4  ,!RE WAS A TIME :5  
! MAN1 N[ MO/ EAG]LY ATTA*$ TO !M1 %RUNK ) T]ROR  
FROM !IR ?ORNY PA?4 

,BUT ! AB/RACTIONS ( PHILOSOPHY1 :5 WE >E GR[N FAMILI>  
) !M1 (T5 PRES5T TO \R M9DS A SIMPLICITY & PRECISION1  
?AT MAY WELL SUPPLY ! PLACE ( 5TIRE 9DIVIDUALITY4  ,!  
AB/RACTIONS ( HI/ORY >E MORE CUMBR\S & UNWIELDY4  ,9 !IR  
[N NATURE P]HAPS !Y >E CAPABLE ( SIMPLICITY4  ,BUT ?IS  
SPECIES IS YET 9 ITS 9FANCY4  ,HE :O W\LD /UDY ! HI/ORY (  
NATIONS AB/RACT$ FROM 9DIVIDUALS :OSE PASSIONS &  
PECULI>ITIES >E 9T]E/+ TO \R M9DS1 WILL F9D IT A DRY &  
FRIGID SCI5CE4  ,IT WILL SUPPLY HIM ) NO CLE> IDEAS4  ,!  
MASS1 AS FA/ AS HE 5DEAVORS TO CEM5T & UNITE IT1 CRUMBLES  
FROM HIS GRASP1 LIKE A LUMP ( S&4  ,?OSE :O /UDY REV5UE OR  
ALMO/ ANY O!R ( ! COMPLEX SUBJECTS ABOVE 5UM]AT$ >E  
ORD9>ILY F\ND1 ) IMM5SE PA9S TO HAVE COMPIL$ A SPECIES (  
KN[L$GE :I* IS NO SOON] ACCUMULAT$ ?AN IT P]I%ES1 &  
RA!R TO HAVE CONF\ND$ !MSELVES ) A LABYR9? (  
P>TICUL>S1 ?AN TO HAVE RIS5 TO ! DIGNITY ( PR9CIPLES4 

,LET US PROCE$ TO ! CONSID]ATION ( ! SECOND GREAT BRAN*  
( ! /UDY ( SOCIETY4  ,9 DO+ SO WE %ALL BE 9S5SIBLY L$  
TO ASSIGN TO ! FIR/ BRAN* ITS PROP] RANK4 

,! /UDY ( 9DIVIDUAL M5 CAN NEV] FAIL TO BE AN OBJECT (  
! HI<E/ IMPORTANCE4  ,IT IS ONLY BY COMP>ISON ?AT WE COME TO  
KN[ ANY ?+ ( M9D OR \RSELVES4  ,WE GO =? 9TO ! WORLD2  
WE SEE :AT MAN IS2 WE 9QUIRE :AT HE WAS2 & :5 WE RETURN  
HOME TO 5GAGE 9 ! SOLEMN ACT ( SELF-9VE/IGATION1 \R MO/  
USEFUL EMPLOYM5T IS TO PRODUCE ! MAT]IALS WE HAVE COLLECT$  
ABROAD1 &1 BY A SORT ( MAGNETISM1 CAUSE ?OSE P>TICUL>S TO  
/>T \R TO VIEW 9 \RSELVES1 :I* MI<T O!RWISE HAVE LAID  
= EV] UNDETECT$4 

,BUT ! /UDY ( 9DIVIDUAL HI/ORY HAS A HI<] USE ?AN  
M]ELY AS IT CONDUCES TO ! ELUCIDATION ( SCI5CE4  ,IT IS !  
MO/ FRUITFUL S\RCE ( ACTIVITY & MOTIVE4  ,IF A MAN W]E  
CONDEMN$ TO P]FECT SOLITUDE1 HE W\LD PROBABLY S9K 9TO !  
DEEPE/ & MO/ 9V>IABLE LE?>GY ( S\L4  ,IF HE ONLY  
ASSOCIATE1 AS MO/ 9DIVIDUALS >E DE/9$ TO DO1 ) ORD9>Y  
M51 HE WILL BE 9 DANG] ( BECOM+ SU* AS !Y >E4  ,IT IS ! CONTEMPLATION ( ILLU/RI\S M51  
SU* AS WE F9D SCATT]$ ?R\< ! LONG SUCCESSION ( AGES1  
?AT K9DLES 9TO FLAME ! HIDD5 FIRE )9 US4  ,! EXCELL5CE  
9DE$ ( SAGES1 ( PATRIOTS & POETS1 AS WE F9D IT EXHIBIT$ AT  
! 5D ( !IR MATURITY1 IS TOO APT TO OV]:ELM & DISC\RAGE  
US ) ITS LU/]4  ,BUT HI/ORY TAKES AWAY ! CAUSE ( \R  
DEPRESSION4 ,IT 5ABLES US TO VIEW M9UTELY & 9 DETAIL :AT TO  
! UN9/RUCT$ EYE WAS TOO P[]FUL TO BE GAZ$ AT2 &1 BY  
TRAC+ ! PROGRESS ( ! VIRTU\S & ! WISE FROM ITS FIR/  
DAWN TO ITS M]IDIAN LU/]1 %[S US ?AT !Y W]E COMPOS$ (  
MAT]IALS M]ELY HUMAN4  ,IT WAS ! SI<T ( ! TROPHIES ( ,MI?RADES .<#c.>1 ?AT RECURR$ TO BREAK ! 9FANT  
SLUMB]S ( HIS MORE ILLU/RI\S SUCCESSOR4 ,:ILE WE ADMIRE !  
POET & ! H]O1 & SYMPA?IZE ) HIS G5]\S AMBITION OR  
HIS >D5T EXPRESSIONS1 WE 9S5SIBLY IMBIBE ! SAME SPIRIT1 &  
BURN ) K9DR$ FIRES4 

,BUT LET US SUPPOSE ?AT ! G5U9E PURPOSE ( HI/ORY1 WAS TO  
5ABLE US TO UND]/& ! MA*9E ( SOCIETY1 & TO DIRECT IT  
TO ITS BE/ PURPOSES4  ,EV5 H]E 9DIVIDUAL HI/ORY WILL P]HAPS  
BE F\ND 9 PO9T ( IMPORTANCE TO TAKE ! LEAD ( G5]AL4   
,G5]AL HI/ORY WILL FURNI% US ) PREC$5TS 9 ABUNDANCE1 WILL  
%[ US H[ ?AT :I* HAPP5$ 9 ONE C\NTRY HAS BE5 REPEAT$  
9 ANO!R1 & MAY P]HAPS EV5 9/RUCT US H[ ?AT :I* HAS  
OCCURR$ 9 ! ANNALS ( MANK9D1 MAY UND] SIMIL> CIRCUM/ANCES  
BE PRODUC$ AGA94  ,BUT1 IF ! 5]GY ( \R M9DS %\LD LEAD US  
TO ASPIRE TO SOME?+ MORE ANIMAT$ & NOBLE ?AN DULL  
REPETITION1 IF WE LOVE ! HAPP9ESS ( MANK9D 5\< TO FEEL  
\RSELVES IMPELL$ TO EXPLORE NEW & UNTRODD5 PA?S1 WE MU/  
!N NOT RE/ CONT5T$ ) CONSID]+ SOCIETY 9 A MASS1 BUT  
MU/ ANALYZE ! MAT]IALS FROM :I* IT IS COMPOS$4  ,IT WILL BE  
NECESS>Y = US TO SCRUT9IZE ! NATURE ( MAN1 BE=E WE CAN  
PRON\NCE :AT IT IS ( :I* SOCIAL MAN IS CAPABLE4 ,LAY+ ASIDE  
! G5]ALITIES ( HI/ORICAL AB/RACTION1 WE MU/ M>K !  
OP]ATION ( HUMAN PASSIONS2 MU/ OBS]VE ! EMPIRE ( MOTIVES  
:E!R GROVEL+ OR ELEVAT$2 & MU/ NOTE ! 9FLU5CE ?AT  
ONE HUMAN BE+ EX]CISES OV] ANO!R1 & ! ASC5DANCY ( !  
D>+ & ! WISE OV] ! VULG> MULTITUDE4 ,IT IS ?US1 &  
?US ONLY1 ?AT WE %ALL BE 5ABL$ TO ADD1 TO ! KN[L$GE (  
! PA/1 A SAGACITY ?AT CAN P5ETRATE 9TO ! DEP?S (  
FUTURITY4  ,WE %ALL NOT ONLY UND]/& ?OSE EV5TS AS !Y >ISE  
:I* >E NO BETT] ?AN OLD 9CID5TS UND] NEW NAMES1 BUT %ALL  
JUDGE TRULY ( SU* CONJUNCTURES & COMB9ATIONS1 !IR S\RCES  
& EFFECTS1 AS1 ?\<T !Y HAVE NEV] YET OCCURR$1 >E )9  
! CAPACITIES ( \R NATURE4  ,HE ?AT W\LD PROVE ! LIB]AL &  
SPIRIT$ B5EFACTOR ( HIS SPECIES1 MU/ CONNECT ! TWO BRAN*ES  
( HI/ORY TOGE!R1 & REG>D ! KN[L$GE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1  
AS ?AT :I* CAN ALONE GIVE 5]GY & UTILITY TO ! RECORDS (  
\R SOCIAL EXI/5CE4 

,FROM !SE CONSID]ATIONS ONE 9F]5CE MAY BE D$UC$1 :I*  
CON/ITUTES P]HAPS ! MO/ IMPORTANT RULE ?AT CAN BE LAID D[N  
RESPECT+ ! /UDY ( HI/ORY4  ,?IS IS1 ! WISDOM ( /UDY+  
! DETAIL1 & NOT 9 ABRIDGM5T4  ,! PROLIXITY ( DULLNESS IS  
9DE$ CONTEMPTIBLE4  ,TO READ A HI/ORY :I*1 EXP&+ ITSELF  
?R\< SEV]AL VOLUMES1 TREATS ONLY ( A %ORT P]IOD1 IS TRUE  
ECONOMY4  ,TO READ HI/ORICAL ABRIDGM5TS1 9 :I* EA* PO9T (  
! SUBJECT IS T\*$ UPON ONLY1 & IMM$IATELY DISMISS$1 IS A  
WANTON PRODIGALITY ( TIME WOR?Y ONLY ( FOLLY OR ( MADNESS4 

,! FIGURES :I* PRES5T !MSELVES 9 SU* A HI/ORY1 >E  
LIKE ! GR\PS ?AT WE SOMETIMES SEE PLAC$ 9 ! DI/ANCE ( A  
L&SCAPE1 ?AT >E JU/ SUFFICI5TLY M>K$ TO DI/+UI% !  
MAN FROM ! BRUTE1 OR ! MALE FROM ! FEMALE1 BUT >E TOTALLY  
UNSUSCEPTIBLE ( DISCRIM9ATION ( =M OR EXPRESSION (  
S5TIM5T4  ,! M5 ,I W\LD /UDY UPON ! CANVAS ( HI/ORY1 >E  
M5 WOR? ! BECOM+ 9TIMATELY ACQUA9T$ )4 

,IT IS 9 HI/ORY1 AS IT IS 9 LIFE4  ,SUP]FICIAL ACQUA9TANCE  
IS NO?+4  ,A SC5E 9CESSANTLY FLOAT+1 CANNOT 9/RUCT US2 IT  
CAN SC>CELY BECOME A S\RCE ( AMUSEM5T TO A CULTIVAT$ M9D4  ,I  
W\LD /OP ! FLY+ FIGURES1 ?AT ,I MAY M>K !M MORE CLE>LY4   
,!RE MU/ BE AN EX*ANGE ( REAL S5TIM5TS1 OR AN 9VE/IGATION  
( SUBTLE PECULI>ITIES1 BE=E IMPROVEM5T CAN BE ! RESULT4   
,!RE IS A MAGNETICAL VIRTUE 9 MAN1 BUT !RE MU/ BE FRICTION  
& HEAT1 BE=E ! VIRTUE WILL OP]ATE4 

,PRET5D]S 9DE$ TO UNIV]SAL SCI5CE1 :O EXAM9E NO?+1  
BUT IMAG9E !Y UND]/& EV]Y?+1 >E READY FROM !  
SLI<TE/ GLANCE TO DECIPH] ! :OLE *>ACT]4  ,NOT SO !  
G5U9E S*OL>4  ,HIS CURIOSITY IS NEV] SATIAT$4  ,HE IS EV]  
UPON ! WAT* = FUR!R & /ILL FUR!R P>TICUL>S4   
,TREMBL+ = HIS [N FALLIBILITY & FRAILTY1 HE EMPLOYS EV]Y  
PRECAUTION TO GU>D HIMSELF AGA9/ !M4 

,!RE >E *>ACT]S 9 HI/ORY ?AT MAY ALMO/ BE SAID TO BE  
WOR? AN ET]NAL /UDY4  ,!Y >E EPITOMES ( ! .<8.> ( ITS BE/  
& MO/ EXALT$ FEATURES1 PURIFI$ FROM !IR GROSSNESS4  ,I AM  
NOT CONT5T$ TO OBS]VE SU* A MAN UPON ! PUBLIC /AGE1 ,I W\LD FOLL[ HIM 9TO HIS CLOSET4.<#d.>  ,I W\LD  
SEE ! FRI5D & ! FA!R ( A FAMILY1 AS WELL AS ! PATRIOT4  
,I W\LD READ HIS WORKS & HIS LETT]S1 IF ANY REMA9 TO US4 ,I  
W\LD OBS]VE ! TURN ( HIS ?\<TS & ! *>ACT] ( HIS  
PHRASEOLOGY4  ,I W\LD /UDY HIS PUBLIC ORATIONS4  ,I W\LD COLLATE  
HIS BEHAVIOR 9 PROSP]ITY ) HIS BEHAVIOR 9 ADV]SITY4  ,I  
%\LD BE GLAD TO KN[ ! C\RSE ( HIS /UDIES1 & !  
>RANGEM5T ( HIS TIME4  ,I %\LD REJOICE TO HAVE1 OR TO BE  
5ABL$ TO MAKE1 IF ?AT W]E POSSIBLE1 A J\RNAL ( HIS ORD9>Y  
& M9UTE/ ACTIONS4  ,I BELIEVE ,I %\LD BE BETT] EMPLOY$ 9  
/UDY+ ONE MAN1 ?AN 9 P]US+ ! ABRIDGM5T ( ,UNIV]SAL  
,HI/ORY 9 SIXTY VOLUMES4  ,I W\LD RA!R BE ACQUA9T$ ) A FEW  
TRIVIAL P>TICUL>S ( ! ACTIONS & DISPOSITION ( ,VIRGIL &  
,HORACE1 ?AN ) ! LIVES ( MANY M51 & ! HI/ORY ( MANY  
NATIONS4 

,?IS LEADS US TO A SECOND RULE RESPECT+ ! /UDY ( HI/ORY4  
,?OSE HI/ORIANS ALONE >E WOR?Y ( ATT5TION & P]SEV]+  
/UDY ?AT TREAT ! DEVELOPM5T ( GREAT G5IUS1 OR !  
EXHIBITION ( BOLD & MASCUL9E VIRTUES4  ,MOD]N HI/ORY 9DE$  
WE \<T TO P]USE1 BECAUSE ALL !Y WE WI% MU/ BE CONNECT$  
) ALL ?AT WE >E1 & BECAUSE IT IS 9CUMB5T UPON US TO  
EXPLORE ! MEANS BY :I* ! LATT] MAY BE MADE1 AS IT W]E1 TO  
SLIDE 9TO ! =M]4  ,BUT MOD]N HI/ORY1 = ! MO/ P>T1 IS  
NOT TO BE P]US$ = ITS [N SAKE4 

,! ANCI5TS W]E GIANTS1 BUT WE1 !IR DEG5]ATE SUCCESSORS1  
>E PYGMIES4  ,!RE WAS SOME?+ 9 ! NATURE ( ! ,GREEK &  
,ROMAN REPUBLICS ?AT EXP&$ & FIR$ ! S\L4 ,HE ?AT SEES NOT  
?IS1 IF HE HAVE HAD AN ADEQUATE OPPORTUNITY TO SEE IT1 MU/ BE  
DE/ITUTE ( SOME ( ! FIR/ PR9CIPLES ( DISCRIM9ATION4  ,HE  
?AT FEELS NOT ! COMP>ATIVE MAGNITUDE ( !IR VIEWS1 MU/ BE  
HIMSELF ! P>TAK] ( A SL[-WORK+ & UNELEVAT$ S\L4 

,TO CONV9CE US ( ?IS1 WE NE$ DO NO MORE ?AN LOOK 9TO !  
BIOGRAPHICAL COLLECTION ( ,PLUT>*4.<#e.>  
,PLUT>* IS NEI!R LUCID 9 HIS >RANGEM5T1 ELOQU5T 9 HIS  
MANN]1 NOR P[]FUL 9 HIS CONCEPTIONS4 ,! EFFECT HE PRODUCES  
UPON US1 IS ! EFFECT ( HIS SUBJECT1 & IS SC>CELY 9 ANY  
RESPECT AID$ BY ! SKILL ( ! WRIT]4 

,FROM ,PLUT>* LET US TURN TO ! COLLECTIONS 9 ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*  
& ,ITALIAN1 RELATIVE TO ! P]SONS :O 9 MOD]N TIMES HAVE  
REFLECT$ MO/ HONOR UPON ANY ( !SE NATIONS4  ,WE SOMETIMES NO  
D\BT ADMIRE1 OCCASIONALLY WE SYMPA?IZE4  ,BUT ! GREATE/  
P]SONAGES !RE UPON RECORD1 APPE> 9 ! COMP>ISON 5CUMB]$  
) !IR RANK4  ,!IR M>* IS SL[1 WEI<$ D[N AS !Y >E ON  
EV]Y SIDE ) PREJUDICES & PREC$5TS4  ,!Y >E DISCIPL9ES  
TO DULL MONOTONY4  ,!Y >E CA/ TOGE!R 9 ONE *>ACT]I/IC  
MOLD4  ,!RE IS SOME?+ 9 ! NATURE ( MOD]N GOV]NM5TS &  
9/ITUTIONS ?AT SEEMS TO BLI<T 9 ! BUD EV]Y GR&] &  
MORE AMPLE DEVELOPM5T ( ! S\L4 ,:5 WE ATTEMPT TO DISPLAY !  
AGILITY OR ! GRACE1 ! CAPACITY = :I* 9H]ES 9 \R  
NATURE1 WE RESEMBLE A VAULT] OR FIGURANTE ?AT %\LD  
UND]TAKE TO DANCE 9 FETT]S4 

,! ANCI5TS ON ! O!R H& >E M5 ( A FREE & UNDAUNT$  
SPIRIT4  ,!RE IS A CONSCI\S DIGNITY 9 !IR MI5 ?AT IMPRESSES  
US ) AWE4 ,:ATEV] !Y UND]TAKE !Y UND]TAKE ) A FULL  
& UNDIVID$ S\L4  ,!Y PROCE$ TO !IR OBJECT ) AN UN]R+  
AIM1 & DO NOT LOSE !MSELVES 9 D>K1 9EXPLICABLE W9D+S4 ,HE  
?AT %ALL /UDY !IR HI/ORY ) AN UNBIASS$ SPIRIT1 WILL  
ALMO/ IMAG9E ?AT HE IS READ+ ( A DIFF]5T SPECIES4 ,HE WILL  
NOT BE BL9D TO !IR MI/AKES1 !IR ABUSES & !IR CRIMES1 BUT  
HE WILL CONFESS ?AT !IR M9DS >E ( A MORE DECISIVE *>ACT]1  
& !IR VIRTUES MORE ATTRACTIVE & SUBLIME4 

,WE >E SOMETIMES TOLD ?AT ! REMOT5ESS ( ! OBJECT 9 ?IS  
CASE MISLEADS US1 & ?AT WE ADMIRE ! ANCI5TS = ?IS REASON  
M]ELY1 BECAUSE !Y >E ANCI5TS4  ,BUT ?IS SOLUTION WILL NOT  
ACC\NT = ! PH5OM5ON4  ,READ ON ! ONE H& ,?UCYDIDES & ,LIVY1.<#f.> & ON ! O!R ,HUME & ,VOLTAIRE & ,ROB]TSON4.<#g.> ,:5 WE  
ADMIRE ! P]SONAGES ( ! =M]1 WE SIMPLY 5T] 9TO !  
FEEL+S ) :I* !SE AU?ORS RECORD$ !M4  ,! LATT]  
NEI!R EXP]I5CE SU* EMOTIONS NOR EXCITE !M4  ,! ANCI5TS  
W]E NOT ANCI5TS TO !IR CONTEMPOR>IES1  

,LES ANCI5S ETAI5T CONTEMPORA9S DE LEURS HI/ORI5S1 ET  
N\S ONT P\RTANT APPRIS A LES ADMIRES4 ,ASSUREM5T SI LA PO/]ITE  
JAMAIS ADMIRE LES NOTRES1 ELLE NE L'AUSA PAS APPRIS DE N\S4 

,R\SSEAU3 ,N\VELLE ,HELOISE1 ,LETTRE ,X,I,I 

.<,! ANCI5TS W]E CONTEMPOR>Y ) !IR HI/ORIANS1 BUT !Y  
HAVE TAU<T US TO ADMIRE !M4 ,ASSUR$LY1 IF PO/]ITY %\LD  
ADMIRE \R [N M51 IT WILL DO SO NOT BECAUSE ( US.> 

,NO3 ! DIFF]5CE IS 9TR9SIC1 & ! EMOTIONS WILL BE  
G5]AT$ AS LONG AS HI/ORY 5DURES4 

,:AT SORT ( AN OBJECT IS ! HI/ORY ( ,5GL&8 ,TILL !  
EXT9CTION ( ! W>S ( ,YORK & ,LANCA/]1 IT IS ONE SC5E (  
B>B>ISM & CRUELTY4 ,SUP]/ITION RIDES TRIUMPHANT UPON !  
SUBJECT NECK ( PR9CES & ( PEOPLE1 9TE/9E W> ( NOBLE )  
NOBLE1 OR ( ONE PRET5D] TO ! CR[N AGA9/ ANO!R1 IS ALMO/  
9CESSANT4 ,! GALLANT *AMPION IS NO SOON] \/$1 ?AN HE IS  
L$ )\T =M TO ! SCAFFOLD1 OR MASSACR$ 9 COLD BLOOD UPON  
! FIELD4 ,9 ALL !SE MI<TY /RUGGLES1 SC>CELY A TRACE IS TO  
BE F\ND ( A S5SE ( ! RI<TS ( M54 ,!Y >E COMB9ATIONS  
AMONG ! OPPRESSORS AGA9/ HIM ?AT W\LD USURP !IR TYRANNY1  
OR !Y >E ! RESULT ( AN 9FATUAT$ PR$ILECTION = ONE  
DESPOTIC MON/] 9 PREF]5CE TO ANO!R4 ,! P]IOD ( !  
,TUDORS IS A P]IOD ( BASE & UNIV]SAL SLAV]Y4 ,! REIGN (  
,ELIZABE? IS SPL5DID1 BUT ITS F>-FAM$ WOR?IES >E 9 REALITY  
SUPPLE & S]VILE C\RTI]S1 TREA*]\S1 UND]M9+ &  
UNPR9CIPL$4 ,! P]IOD ( ! ,/U>TS IS  
! ONLY PORTION ( \R HI/ORY 9T]E/+ TO ! HE>T ( MAN4  
,YET ITS NOBLE/ VIRTUES >E OBSCUR$ BY ! VILE J>GON (  
FANATICISM & HYPOCRISY4 ,FROM ! MOM5T ?AT ! GRANT CONTE/  
EXCIT$ UND] ! ,/U>TS WAS QUIET$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION1.<#h.> \R HI/ORY ASSUMES ITS MO/  
9SIPID & 9SUFF]ABLE =M4  ,IT IS ! HI/ORY ( NEGOTIATIONS  
& TRICKS1 IT IS ! HI/ORY ( REV5UES & DEBTS1 IT IS !  
HI/ORY ( CORRUPTION & POLITICAL PR(LIGACY1 BUT IT IS NOT !  
HI/ORY ( G5U9E 9DEP5D5T MAN4 

,SOME P]SONS1 5D[$ ) TOO MU* DISC]NM5T & TA/E NOT  
TO P]CEIVE ! EXTREME DISP>ITY ?AT SUBSI/S BETWE5 !  
*>ACT] ( ANCI5T & MOD]N TIMES1 HAVE OBS]V$ ?AT ANCI5T  
HI/ORY C>RIES NO O!R IMPRESSION TO !IR M9DS ?AN ?AT (  
EXAGG]ATION & FABLE4 

,IT IS NOT NECESS>Y H]E TO 5T] 9TO A DETAIL ( !  
EVID5CE UPON :I* \R BELIEF ( ANCI5T HI/ORY IS  
F\ND$4  ,LET US TAKE IT = GRANT$ ?AT IT IS A FABLE4  
,>E ALL FABLES UNWOR?Y ( REG>D8 ,ANCI5T HI/ORY1 SAYS  
,R\SSEAU1 IS A TISSUE ( SU* FABLES1 AS HAVE A MORAL  
P]FECTLY ADAPT$ TO ! HUMAN HE>T4 ,I ASK NOT1 AS A  
PR9CIPAL PO9T1 :E!R IT BE TRUE OR FALSE8 ,MY FIR/  
9QUIRY IS1 0,CAN ,I D]IVE 9/RUCTION FROM IT8 ,IS IT A  
G5U9E PRAXIS UPON ! NATURE ( MAN8 ,IS IT PREGNANT )  
! MO/ G5]\S MOTIVES & EXAMPLES8 ,IF SO1 ,I HAD  
RA!R BE PR(\NDLY V]S$ 9 ?IS FABLE1 ?AN 9 ALL !  
G5U9E HI/ORIES ?AT EV] EXI/$40 

,IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ 9DE$ ?AT ALL HI/ORY BE>S TOO NE> A  
RESEMBLANCE TO FABLE4 ,NO?+ IS MORE UNC]TA91 MORE  
CONTRADICTORY1 MORE UNSATISFACTORY ?AN ! EVID5CE ( FACTS4 ,IF  
?IS BE ! CASE 9 C\RTS ( JU/ICE1 :]E TRU? IS SOMETIMES  
SIFT$ ) T5ACI\S P]SEV]ANCE1 H[ MU* MORE WILL IT HOLD  
TRUE ( ! HI/ORIAN8 ,HE CAN ADM9I/] NO OA?1 HE CANNOT ISSUE  
HIS PRECEPT1 & SUMMON HIS WITNESSES FROM DI/ANT PROV9CES1 HE  
CANNOT >RAIGN HIS P]SONAGES & COMPEL !M TO PUT 9 !IR  
ANSW]4 ,HE MU/ TAKE :AT !Y *OOSE TO TELL1 ! BROK5  
FRAGM5TS1 & ! SCATT]$ RU9S ( EVID5CE4 

,?AT HI/ORY :I* COMES NE>E/ TO TRU?1 IS ! M]E  
*RONICLE ( FACTS1 PLACES & DATES4 ,BUT ?IS IS 9 REALITY NO  
HI/ORY4 ,HE ?AT KN[S ONLY :AT DAY ! ,BA/ILLE WAS TAK5 & ON  
:AT SPOT ,L\IS ,X,V,I P]I%$1 KN[S NO?+4  ,HE PR(ESSES !  
M]E SKELETON ( HI/ORY4 ,! MUSCLES1 ! >TICULATIONS1 EV]Y  
?+ 9 :I* ! LIFE EMPHATICALLY RESIDES1 IS ABS5T4 

,READ ,SALLU/4.<#i.>  ,TO EV]Y ACTION HE  
ASSIGNS A MOTIVE4 ,R>ELY AN UNC]TA9TY DIV]SIFIES HIS PAGE4  ,HE  
DESCRIBES HIS *>ACT]S ) PRECIS5ESS & DECISION4 ,HE SEEMS  
TO 5T] 9TO ! HE>TS ( HIS P]SONAGES1 & UNFOLDS !IR  
SECRET ?\<T4 ,CONSID]$ AS FABLE1 NO?+ CAN BE MORE P]FECT4  
,BUT NEI!R IS ?IS HI/ORY4 

,!RE IS BUT ONE FUR!R MODE ( WRIT+ HI/ORY1 & ?IS IS  
! MODE PR9CIPALLY PREVAL5T 9 MOD]N TIMES4 ,9 ?IS MODE1 !  
N>RATIVE IS SUNK 9 ! CRITIC4 ,! MA9 BODY ( ! COMPOSITION  
CONSI/S ( A LOGICAL D$UCTION & CALCULATION ( PROBABILITIES4  
,?IS SPECIES ( WRIT+ MAY BE ( USE AS A :ET/ONE UPON :I* TO  
%>P5 \R FACULTY ( DISCRIM9ATION1 BUT IT ANSW]S NONE ( !  
LEGITIMATE PURPOSES ( HI/ORY4 

,FROM !SE CONSID]ATIONS IT FOLL[S ?AT ! NOBLE/  
& MO/ EXCELL5T SPECIES ( HI/ORY1 MAY BE DECID$ TO  
BE A COMPOSITION 9 :I*1 ) A SCANTY SUB/RATUM (  
FACTS & DATES1 ! WRIT] 9T]WEAVES A NUMB] ( HAPPY1  
+5I\S & 9/RUCTIVE 9V5TIONS1 BL5D+ !M 9TO  
ONE CONT9U\S & 9DISC]NIBLE MASS4  ,IT SUFFICI5TLY  
CORRESPONDS ) ! D5OM9ATION1 UND] :I* ,ABBE ,PREVO/ .<#a.> ACQUIR$ CONSID]ABLE  
APPLAUSE1 ( HI/ORICAL ROMANCE4 ,ABBE ,PREVO/ DIFF]S FROM  
,SALLU/1 9ASMU* AS HE MADE FRE] USE ( :AT MAY BE  
/YL$1 ! LIC5TIA HI/ORICA4 

,IF !N HI/ORY BE LITTLE BETT] ?AN ROMANCE UND] A GRAV]  
NAME1 IT MAY NOT BE =EIGN TO ! SUBJECT H]E TREAT$1 TO  
9QUIRE 9TO ! CR$IT DUE TO ?AT SPECIES ( LIT]ATURE1 :I*  
BE>S ! EXPRESS /AMP ( 9V5TION1 & CALLS ITSELF ROMANCE OR  
NOVEL4 

,?IS SORT ( WRIT+ HAS BE5 EXPOS$ TO MORE OBLOQUY &  
C5SURE ?AN ANY O!R4 

,! PR9CIPAL CAUSE ( ?IS OBLOQUY IS SUFFICI5TLY HUMOR\S  
& S+UL>4 

,NOVELS1 AS AN OBJECT ( TRADE AMONG BOOKSELL]S1 >E (  
A PECULI> CA/4 ,!RE >E FEW BY :I* IMM5SE SUMS (  
MONEY CAN BE EXPECT$ TO BE GA9$4 ,!RE IS SC>CELY ONE  
BY :I* SOME MONEY IS NOT GA9$4 ,A CLASS ( READ]S1  
CONSI/+ ( WOM5 & BOYS1 & :I* IS CONSID]ABLY  
NUM]\S1 REQUIRES A CONT9UAL SUPPLY ( BOOKS ( ?IS  
SORT4 ,! CIRCULAT+ LIBR>IES !RE=E MU/ BE  
FURNI%$2 :ILE1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! DISCR$IT :I*  
HAS FALL5 UPON ROMANCE1 SU* WORKS >E R>ELY F\ND TO  
OBTA9 A PLACE 9 ! COLLECTION ( ! G5TLEMAN OR !  
S*OL>4 ,AN +5I\S BOOKSELL] ( ! METROPOLIS1  
SPECULAT+ UPON ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE1 WAS ACCU/OM$ TO  
PA/E AN ADV]TISEM5T 9 HIS W9D[1 TO ATTRACT ! EYE  
( ! CURI\S PASS5G]1 & TO FIRE HIS AMBITION1 BY  
9=M+ HIM ( A 0WANT ( NOVELS = ! 5SU+  
SEASON04 

,! CRITIC & ! MORALI/1 9 !IR E/IMATE (  
ROMANCES1 HAVE BORR[$ ! PR9CIPLE ?AT REGULATES !  
SPECULATIONS ( TRADE4 ,!Y HAVE WEI<$ NOVELS BY !  
GREAT & TAK5 9TO !IR VIEW ! :OLE SCUM &  
SUR*>GE ( ! PRESS4 ,BUT SURELY ?IS IS NOT ! WAY 9  
:I* LIT]ATURE W\LD TEA* US TO CONSID] ! SUBJECT4 

,:5 WE SPEAK ( POETRY1 WE DO NOT FE> TO COMM5D ?IS  
SPECIES ( COMPOSITION1 REG>DLESS ( ! MIS]ABLE TRA%  
?AT FROM MON? TO MON? F9DS ITS WAY FROM ! PRESS  
UND] ! APPELLATION ( POETRY4 ,! LIKE MAY BE SAID (  
HI/ORY1 OR ( BOOKS ( PHILOSOPHY1 NATURAL &  
9TELLECTUAL4 ,!RE IS NO SPECIES ( LIT]ATURE ?AT W\LD  
/& ?IS ORDEAL4 

,IF ,I W\LD E/IMATE TRULY ANY HEAD ( COMPOSITION1 NO?+ CAN  
BE MORE UNREASONABLE1 ?AN = ME TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT EV]Y  
PRET5D] TO LIT]ATURE ?AT HAS />T$ 9 IT4  ,9 POETRY ,I DO  
NOT CONSID] ?OSE P]SONS :O M]ELY KN[ H[ TO C\NT !IR  
SYLLABLES & TAG A RHYME2 /ILL LESS ?OSE :O PR9T !IR  
EFFUSION 9 ! =M ( V]SE )\T BE+ ADEQUATE TO EI!R (  
!SE4  ,I RECOLLECT ?OSE AU?ORS ONLY :O >E 5D[$ ) SOME  
( ! ESS5TIALS ( POETRY1 ) ITS IMAG]Y1 ITS 5?USIASM1 OR  
ITS EMPIRE OV] ! S\L ( MAN4 ,JU/ SO 9 ! CAUSE BE=E US1 ,I  
%\LD CONSID] ONLY ?OSE P]SONS :O HAD REALLY WRITT5 ROMANCE1  
NOT ?OSE :O HAD VA9LY ATTEMPT$ IT4 

,ROMANCE1 !N1 /RICTLY CONSID]$1 MAY BE PRON\NC$  
TO BE ONE ( ! SPECIES ( HI/ORY4 ,! DIFF]5CE  
BETWE5 ROMANCE & :AT ORD9>ILY BE>S ! D5OM9ATION  
HI/ORY1 IS ?IS4 ,! HI/ORIAN IS CONF9$ TO 9DIVIDUAL  
9CID5T & 9DIVIDUAL MAN1 & MU/ HANG UPON ?AT HIS  
9V5TION OR CONJECTURE AS HE CAN4 ,! WRIT] COLLECTS HIS  
MAT]IALS FROM ALL S\RCES1 EXP]I5CE1 REPORT1 & !  
RECORDS ( HUMAN AFFAIRS2 !N G5]ALIZES !M2 &  
F9ALLY SELECTS1 FROM !IR ELEM5TS & ! V>I\S  
COMB9ATIONS !Y AF=D1 ?OSE 9/ANCES :I* HE IS BE/  
QUALIFI$ TO PORTRAY1 & :I* HE JUDGES MO/ CALCULAT$  
TO IMPRESS ! HE> & IMPROVE ! FACULTIES ( HIS  
READ]4 ,9 ?IS PO9T ( VIEW WE %\LD BE APT TO  
PRON\NCE ?AT ROMANCE WAS A BOLD] SPECIES ( COMPOSITION  
?AN HI/ORY4 

,IT HAS BE5 AFFIRM$ BY ! CRITICS ?AT ! SPECIES (  
COMPOSITION :I* ,ABBE ,PREVO/ & O!RS HAVE ATTEMPT$1  
& ACCORD+ TO :I*1 UPON A SLI<T SUB/RATUM ( FACT1  
ALL ! LIC5SE ( ROMANTIC 9V5TION IS TO BE 5GRAFT$1  
IS CONTR>Y TO ! PR9CIPLES ( A JU/ TA/E4 ,HI/ORY IS  
BY ?IS MEANS DEBAU*$ & CORRUPT$4  ,REAL *>ACT]S  
>E WANTONLY MISREPRES5T$4 ,! READ]1 :O HAS BE5  
9T]E/$ BY A ROMANCE ( ?IS SORT1 SC>CELY KN[S H[  
TO DISMISS IT FROM HIS M9D :5 HE COMES TO CONSID] !  
G5U9E ANNALS ( ! P]IOD ( :I* IT RELATES4 ,!  
REALITY & ! FICTION1 LIKE TWO SUB/ANCES (  
DISAGREE+ NATURES1 WILL NEV] ADEQUATELY BL5D ) EA*  
O!R4  ,! 9V5TION ( ! WRIT] IS MU* TOO WANTON NOT  
TO DISCOLOR & CONF\ND ! FACTS ) :I* HE IS  
CONC]N$2 :ILE ON ! O!R H&1 HIS IMAG9ATION IS  
FETT]$ & *ECK$ AT EV]Y TURN BY FACTS ?AT WILL NOT  
:OLLY ACCOMMODATE !MSELVES TO ! COLOR ( HIS PIECE1  
OR ! MORAL HE W\LD ADDUCE FROM IT40 

,!SE OBS]VATIONS1 :I* HAVE BE5 DIRECT$ AGA9/  
! PRODUCTION ( HI/ORICAL ROMANCE1 WILL BE F\ND NOT  
:OLLY 9APPLICABLE TO ?OSE :I* ASSUME ! GRAV] &  
MORE AU!NTIC NAME ( HI/ORY4 ,! READ] WILL BE  
MIS]ABLY DELUD$ IF1 :ILE HE READS HI/ORY1 HE SUFF]S  
HIMSELF TO IMAG9E ?AT HE IS READ+ FACTS4  ,PR(\ND  
S*OL>S >E SO WELL AW>E ( ?IS1 ?AT1 :5 !Y W\LD  
/UDY ! HI/ORY ( ANY C\NTRY1 !Y PASS OV] !  
HI/ORIANS ?AT HAVE ADORN$ & DECORAT$ ! FACTS1 &  
PROCE$ AT ONCE TO ! NAK$ & SCATT]$ MAT]IALS1 \T  
( :I* ! HI/ORIAN CON/RUCT$ HIS WORK4  ,?IS !Y  
DO1 ?AT !Y MAY 9VE/IGATE ! /ORY = !MSELVES2  
OR1 MORE ACCURATELY SPEAK+1 ?AT EA* MAN1 9/EAD (  
RE/+ 9 ! 9V5TIONS ( ANO!R1 MAY 9VE/ HIS  
HI/ORY = HIMSELF1 & POSSESS HIS CRE$ AS HE POSSESSES  
HIS PROP]TY1 S+LE & 9COMMUNICABLE4 

,PHILOSOPH]S1 WE >E TOLD1 HAVE BE5 ACCU/OM$ BY OLD  
PRESCRIPTION TO BLUND] 9 ! D>K2 BUT !RE IS P]HAPS NO  
D>KNESS1 IF WE CONSID] ! CASE MATURELY1 SO COMPLETE AS ?AT (  
! HI/ORIAN4 ,IT IS A TRITE OBS]VATION1 TO SAY ?AT ! TRUE  
HI/ORY ( A PUBLIC TRANSACTION IS NEV] KN[N TILL MANY YE>S  
AFT] ! EV5T4 ,! PLACES1 ! DATES1 ?OSE ?+S :I*  
IMM$IATELY MEET ! EYE ( ! SPECTATOR1 >E 9DE$ AS WELL  
KN[N AS !Y >E EV] LIKELY TO BE4 ,BUT ! COMM5TS ( !  
ACTORS COME \T AFT]W>DS2 TO :AT >E WE ! WIS]8 ,:ITLOCK & ,CL>5DON1.<#a#a.> :O LIV$ UPON !  
SPOT1 DIFF] AS MU* 9 !IR VIEW ( ! TRANSACTIONS1 AS  
,HUME & ! :IG HI/ORIANS HAVE S9CE DONE4 ,YET ALL >E  
PROBABLY HONE/4 ,IF Y\ BE A SUP]FICIAL ?9K]1 Y\ WILL  
TAKE UP ) ONE OR ANO!R ( !IR REPRES5TATIONS1 AS  
BE/ SUITS Y\R PREJUDICES4 ,BUT1 IF Y\ >E A PR(\ND  
ONE1 Y\ WILL SEE SO MANY 9CONGRUITIES & ABSURDITIES 9  
ALL1 AS DEEPLY TO IMPRESS Y\ ) ! SKEPTICISM (  
HI/ORY4 

,! MAN ( TA/E & DISCRIM9ATION1 :O HAS PROP]LY  
WEI<$ !SE CAUSES1 WILL BE APT TO EXCLAIM1 0,DISMISS ME  
FROM ! FALSEHOOD & IMPOSSIBILITY ( HI/ORY1 &  
DELIV] ME OV] TO ! REALITY ( ROMANCE40 

,! CONJECTURES ( ! HI/ORIAN MU/ BE BUILT UPON A  
KN[L$GE ( ! *>ACT]S ( HIS P]SONAGES4 ,BUT WE  
NEV] KN[ ANY MAN'S *>ACT]4 ,MY MO/ 9TIMATE &  
SAGACI\S FRI5D CONT9UALLY MISAPPREH5DS MY MOTIVES4 ,HE  
IS 9 MO/ CASES A LITTLE WORSE JUDGE ( !M ?AN MYSELF  
& ,I AM P]PETUALLY MI/AK54  ,! MAT]IALS >E ABUNDANT  
= ! HI/ORY ( ,ALEX&]1 ,CES>1 ,CIC]O & ,QUE5  
,ELIZABE?4  ,YET H[ WIDELY DO ! BE/ 9=M$ P]SONS  
DIFF] RESPECT+ !M8 ,P]HAPS BY ALL !IR *>ACT] IS  
MISREPRES5T$4 ,! CONJECTURES !RE=E RESPECT+ !IR  
MOTIVES 9 EA* P>TICUL> TRANSACTION MU/ BE ET]NALLY  
FALLACI\S4 ,! WRIT] ( ROMANCE /&S 9 ?IS RESPECT  
UPON HI<] GR\ND4 ,HE MU/ BE P]MITT$1 WE %\LD  
NATURALLY SUPPOSE1 TO UND]/& ! *>ACT] :I* IS  
! CREATURE ( HIS [N FANCY4 

,! WRIT] ( ROMANCE IS TO BE CONSID]$ AS ! WRIT]  
( REAL HI/ORY2 :ILE HE :O WAS =M]LY CALL$ !  
HI/ORIAN1 MU/ BE CONT5T$ TO /EP D[N 9TO ! PLACE  
( HIS RIVAL1 ) ?IS DISADVANTAGE1 ?AT HE IS A ROMANCE  
WRIT]1 )\T ! >DU\S1 ! 5?USIA/IC & !  
SUBLIME LIC5SE ( IMAG9ATION1 ?AT BELONG TO ?AT  
SPECIES ( COMPOSITION4 ,TRUE HI/ORY CONSI/S 9 A  
DEL9EATION ( CONSI/5T1 HUMAN *>ACT]1 9 A DISPLAY  
( ! MANN] 9 :I* SU* A *>ACT] ACTS UND]  
SUCCESSIVE CIRCUM/ANCES1 9 %[+ H[ *>ACT]  
9CREASES & ASSIMILATES NEW SUB/ANCES TO ITS [N1 &  
H[ IT DECAYS1 TOGE!R ) ! CATA/ROPHE 9TO :I* BY  
ITS [N GRAVITY IT NATURALLY DECL9ES4 

,!RE IS H[EV]1 AFT] ALL1 A D$UCTION TO BE MADE  
FROM ?IS EULOGIUM ( ! ROMANCE WRIT]4 ,TO WRITE ROMANCE  
IS A TASK TOO GREAT = ! P[]S ( MAN1 & UND] :I*  
HE MU/ BE EXPECT$ TO TOTT]4 ,NO MAN CAN HOLD ! ROD SO  
EV51 BUT ?AT IT WILL TREMBLE & V>Y FROM ITS C\RSE4  
,TO SKET* A FEW BOLD \TL9ES ( *>ACT] IS NO DESP]ATE  
UND]TAK+2 BUT TO TELL PRECISELY H[ SU* A P]SON W\LD  
ACT 9 A GIV5 SITUATION1 REQUIRES A SAGACITY SC>CELY  
LESS ?AN DIV9E4 ,WE NEV] CONCEIVE A SITUATION1 OR ?OSE  
M9UTE %ADES 9 A *>ACT] ?AT W\LD MODIFY ITS  
CONDUCT4 ,NATURALI/S TELL US ?AT A S+LE GRA9 ( S&  
MORE OR LESS ON ! SURFACE ( ! E>?1 W\LD HAVE  
ALT]$ ITS MOTION1 &1 9 ! PROCESS ( AGES1 HAVE  
DIV]SIFI$ ITS EV5TS4 ,WE HAVE NO REASON TO SUPPOSE 9  
?IS RESPECT1 ?AT :AT IS TRUE 9 MATT]1 IT FALSE 9  
MORALS4 

,H]E !N ! HI/ORIAN 9 SOME DEGREE1 ?\< IMP]FECTLY1  
SEEMS TO RECOV] HIS ADVANTAGE UPON ! WRIT] ( ROMANCE4  ,HE  
9DE$ DOES NOT UND]/& ! *>ACT] HE EXHIBITS1 BUT !  
EV5TS >E TAK5 \T ( HIS H&S & DET]M9$ BY ! SY/EM (  
! UNIV]SE1 & !RE=E1 AS F> AS HIS 9=MATION EXT5DS1  
MU/ BE TRUE4 ,! ROMANCE WRIT]1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS  
CONT9UALLY /RA9+ AT A =ESI<T TO :I* HIS FACULTIES >E  
9COMPET5T1 & CONT9UALLY FAILS4 ,?IS IS LUDICR\SLY  
ILLU/RAT$ 9 ?OSE FEW ROMANCES :I* ATTEMPT TO EXHIBIT !  
FICTITI\S HI/ORY ( NATIONS4 ,?AT PR9CIPLE ONLY :I* HOLDS !  
PLANETS 9 !IR C\RSE1 IS COMPET5T TO PRODUCE ?AT MAJE/IC  
S]IES ( EV5TS :I* *>ACT]IZES FLUX1 & SUCCESSIVE  
MULTITUDES4 

,! RESULT ( ! :OLE1 IS ?AT ! SCI5CES & ! >TS (  
MAN >E ALIKE IMP]FECT1 & ALMO/ 9FANT9E4 ,HE ?AT WILL NOT  
EXAM9E ! COLLECTIONS & ! EF=TS ( MAN1 TILL ABSURDITY &  
FOLLY >E EXTIRPAT$ AMONG !M1 MU/ BE CONT5T$ TO REMA9 9  
IGNORANCE1 & WAIT = ! /ATE1 :]E HE EXPECTS ?AT FAI?  
WILL GIVE PLACE TO SI<T1 & CONJECTURE BE SWALL[$ UP 9  
KN[L$GE4 

,N,O,T,E,S 
.<#a.> ,>*ON3  ,! ,GNO/IC RELIGION HELD ?AT ! COSMOS W]E  
CREAT$ BY A HI]>*Y ( >*ONS1 OR ANGELIC P[]S SUBORD9ATE  
TO ! ,DEITY4  ,! >*ONS W]E ALSO ! N9E *IEF MAGI/RATES (  
ANCI5T ,A!NS4 .<,BACK TO TEXT.> 

.<#b.> ,OLYMPIAD3 ,! P]IOD ( F\R YE>S  
MEASUR$ BETWE5 ONE ,OLYMPIC ,GAMES & ! NEXT1 BY :I* !  
ANCI5T ,GREEKS COMPUT$ TIME1 TAK+ #ggf ,B,C AS ! FIR/ YE> (  
! FIR/ OLYMPIAD4 7,O,$7 .<,BACK TO TEXT.> 

.<#c.> ,MI?RADES ,V1 MURD]$ 9 #abc ,B,C &  
SUCCE$$ BY HIS ELEV5-YE>-OLD SON ,MI?RADES ,V,I1 LAT] KN[N AS  
,MI?RADES 0! ,GREAT0 = HIS MILIT>Y CONQUE/S4 .<,BACK TO TEXT.> 

.<#d.> ,JOANNA ,BAILLIE MAKES A V]Y SIMIL>  
/ATEM5T 9 ! 0,9TRODUCTORY ,DISC\RSE0 ( H] ,S]IES (  
,PLAYS444ON ! ,PASSIONS 7#a#g#i#h73 00,LET US UND]/&1 FROM  
OBS]VATION OR REPORT1 ?AT ANY P]SON H>BORS 9 HIS BREA/1  
CONCEAL$ FROM ! WORLD'S EYE1 SOME P[]FUL RANKL+ PASSION (  
:AT K9D SOEV] IT MAY BE1 WE WILL OBS]VE EV]Y WORD1 EV]Y  
MOTION1 EV]Y LOOK1 EV5 ! DI/ANT GAIT ( SU* A MAN1 ) A  
CON/ANCY & ATT5TION BE/[$ UPON NO O!R4  ,NAY1 %\LD WE  
MEET HIM UNEXPECT$LY ON \R WAY1 A FEEL+ WILL PASS ACROSS \R  
M9DS AS ?\< WE F\ND \RSELVES 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD ( SOME  
SECRET & FE>FUL ?+4  ,IF 9VISIBLE1 W\LD WE NOT FOLL[ HIM  
9TO HIS LONELY HAUNTS1 9TO HIS CLOSET1 9TO ! MIDNI<T SIL5CE  
( HIS *AMB]80 7#a#a7 .<,BACK TO TEXT.> 

.<#e.> ,PLUT>* 7#d#f-#a#b ,A,D73 ,BIOGRAPH] &  
PHILOSOPH]1 MO/ FAM\SLY AU?OR ( ,P>ALLEL ,LIVES4 .<,BACK TO TEXT.> 

.<#f.> ,?UCYDIDES 7#d#f-#c#i#e ,B,C73 ,GREEK  
HI/ORIAN1 MO/ FAM\SLY AU?OR ( ,HI/ORY ( !  
,PELOPONNESIAN ,W>4  ,LIVY 7#e#i ,B,C - ,A,D #a#g73 ,ROMAN HI/ORIAN  
NOT$ = HIS HI/ORY ( ,ROME4 .<,BACK TO  
TEXT.> 

.<#g.> ,DAVID ,HUME 7#a#g#a#a-#g#f73 ,SCOTTI%  
PHILOSOPH] & HI/ORIAN1 NOT$ = ,A ,TREATISE ON ,HUMAN  
,NATURE & HIS ,HI/ORY ( ,5GL&1 AS WELL AS O!R  
BOOKS & ESSAYS4  ,VOLTAIRE 7#a#f#i#d-#a#g#g#h73 ,FR5* PHILOSOPH] ( !  
,5LI<T5M5T1 AU?OR ( ,LETTRES ,PHILOSOPHIQUES &  
,C&IDE4 ,WILLIAM ,ROB]TSON3 ,SCOTTI% HI/ORIAN1 FRI5D (  
,HUME1 ,ADAM ,SMI?1 & PROM95T MEMB] ( ,$9BUR< GR\P (  
?9K]S USUALLY GA!R$ UND] ! T]M 0! ,SCOTTI%  
,5LI<T5M5T40 .<,BACK TO TEXT.> 

.<#h.> ,! SO-CALL$ 0,GLORI\S0 OR 0,BLOODLESS0  
,REVOLUTION ( #a#f#h#h1 :I* SET UP A BALANCE ( P[] BETWE5 !  
,CR[N & ,P>LIAM5T1 EFFECTIVELY SETT+ UP AN OLIG>*Y4 .<,BACK TO TEXT.> 

.<#i.> ,SALLU/ 7#h#f-#c#d ,B,C73 ,ROMAN HI/ORIAN &  
/ATESMAN1 AU?OR ( HI/ORIES ( ! ,CATIL9E CONSPIRACY & !  
,JUGUR?A ,W>4 .<,BACK TO TEXT.> 

.<#a.> ,ABBE ,PREVO/ 7#a#f#i#g-#a#g#f#c73 ,FR5*  
NOVELI/ MO/ FAM\S = WRIT+ HI/ORICAL ROMANCES4 .<,BACK TO TEXT.> 

.<#a#a.> ,BUL/RODE ,:ITELOCKE 7#a#f#e-#g#e73  
AU?OR ( ,MEMORIALS ( ! ,5GLI% ,AFFAIRS FROM ! ,BEG9N+  
( ! ,REIGN ( ,*>LES ,I TO ! ,HAPPY ,RE/ORATION ( ,*>LES  
,I,I 7#a#f#h#b74 ,CL>5DON 7,$W>D ,HYDE1 #a#f#i-#g#d73 #a/ ,E>L (  
,CL>5DON1 *IEF ADVIS] TO ,*>LES ,I,I & AU?OR ( ,TRUE  
,HI/ORICAL ,N>RATIVE ( ! ,REBELLION & ,CIVIL ,W>S (  
,5GL& 7#a#g#b-#d74 .<,BACK TO TEXT.> 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agif 3 ,( ,HI/ORY & ,ROMANCE -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,( ,HI/ORY & ,ROMANCE -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,( ,HI/ORY & ,ROMANCE -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/