,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #ab 
,MISCELLANE\S ,OBS]VATIONS 

#ahbahb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,GODW91 ,WILLIAM4 ,( ,POPULATION4 ,LONDON3 ,LONGMAN1 ,HUR/1 ,REES1 ,ORME & ,BR[N1 ,PAT]NO/] ,R[1 #a#h#b4 

  
  
,*,A,P,T,] ,X,I,I4 

  
  
  
,MISCELLANE\S ,OBS]VATIONS 

  
  

,S,U,* WAS ! POLICY4 & SU* ! EXP]I5CE ( ! MO/ CELEBRAT$ NATIONS ( ANTIQUITY ON ! SUBJECT ( POPULATION4 ,BUT ,MR4 ,MAL?US HAS BR\<T =W>D C]TA9 MAXIMS ( A V]Y DIFF]5T T5OR FROM ,PLATO & ,>I/OTLE1 WRIT+ ( AN IMAG9>Y REPUBLIC3 & UPON !M HE REM>KS1 0 ,FROM !SE PASSAGES IT IS EVID5T ?AT ,PLATO FULLY SAW ! T5D5CY ( POPULATION TO 9CREASE BEYOND ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE4' ,&1 AGA91 0,IF HE C\LD PROPOSE TO DE/ROY C]TA9 *ILDR51 & TO REGULATE ! NUMB] ( M>RIAGES1 HIS EXP]I5CE & HIS REASON+S MU/ HAVE /RONGLY PO9T$ \T TO HIM ! GREAT P[] ( ! PR9CIPLE ( 9CREASE1 & ! NECESSITY ( *ECK+ IT40 ,TO :I* HE ADDS1 0,>I/OTLE APPE>S TO HAVE SE5 ?IS NECESSITY /ILL MORE CLE>LY40 

,N[1 ALL ?IS IS SURELY SUFFICI5TLY MEMORABLE4 ,WE HAVE ,LYCURGUS1 & ,ROMULUS1 & ,METELLUS1 & ,JULIUS ,CAES>1 & ,AUGU/US1 & ALL ! PRACTICAL POLITICIANS ( ANTIQUITY1 M>%AL$ ON ONE SIDE2 & ,PLATO & ,>I/OTLE1 :O AMUS$ !MSELVES ) FRAM+ IMAG9>Y REPUBLICS1 ON ! O!R3 & ,MR4 ,MAL?US *OOSES TO ADH]E TO ! ,UTOPIAN NOTIONS1 OR1 AS HE PHRASES IT1 ! 0EXP]I5CE & REASON+S0 ( ! LATT]4 

,HE CALLS ,PLATO & ,>I/OTLE WISE1 BECAUSE HE ?9KS !Y FELL 9TO ! SAME BLUND] AS HE HAS DONE4 ,W\LD NOT ANY REASONABLE MAN WOND] H[ ! 0EXP]I5CE ( ,PLATO0 CAME TO BE SO MU* GREAT] ?AN ?AT ( ! IMMORTAL LEGISLATORS ( ! REPUBLICS ( ,SP>TA & ( ,ROME1 & ( ?OSE :O ADM9I/]$ ?OSE REPUBLICS = SEV]AL HUNDR$ YE>S AFT] ! FRAIL BODIES ( !IR 9/ITUT]S HAD CRUMBL$ 9TO DU/8 

,BUT ! FACT IS1 ?AT ,PLATO & ,>I/OTLE NEV] ?\<T AB\T ! MATT]4 ,!Y DREAM$ NEI!R ( A GEOMETRICAL S]IES1 NOR ( ANY O!R S]IES4 ,!Y W]E GUILTY ( NO REF9EM5T 9 ALL ?IS4 ,!Y FIX$ ! NUMB] ( CITIZ5S 9 !IR IMAG9>Y REPUBLIC2 & ALL !Y MEANT 9 ! PASSAGES ! SAGACITY ( :I* ,MR4 ,MAL?US APPLAUDS1 WAS1 ?AT IF Y\ >E DET]M9$ TO HAVE NO MORE ?AN FIVE ?\S& CITIZ5S1 Y\ MU/ TAKE C>E NOT TO HAVE SIX4 ,?US F> ,I HAVE BE5 9QUIR+ M]ELY 9TO ! HUMAN POPULATION ( ! WORLD1 OR1 MORE ACCURATELY SPEAK+1 ( ?OSE P>TS ( ! WORLD KN[N BY ! NAMES ( ,EUROPE1 ,ASIA1 ,AFRICA1 & ,S\? ,AM]ICA2 & C]TA9LY 9 !SE WE HAVE F\ND NO REASONS TO P]SUADE US TO BELIEVE 9 ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S DOCTR9E ( ! /UP5D\S & AL>M+ MULTIPLICATION ( MANK9D4 ,LET US N[ TAKE ! QUE/ION UPON A SOME:AT L>G] SCALE4 ,LET US LOOK ABROAD1 & SEE :AT HAPP5S AMONG 9F]IOR ANIMALS4 

,9 ! FIR/ $ITION ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION ,MR4 ,MAL?US F\ND NO P[]S TO *ECK ! CALAMIT\S MULTIPLICATION ( MANK9D1 BUT VISE & MIS]Y2 TO :I* HE HAS S9CE ADD$ MORAL RE/RA9T4 ,NO ONE ( !SE ?REE APPLIES TO ! L[] ORD]S ( ANIMALS4 ,!Y >E 9CAPABLE ( VISE2 ,I ?9K ,MR4 ,MAL?US WILL NOT SAY1 ?AT !Y REFRA9 FROM PROCREATION FROM A PR9CIPLE ( PRUD5CE3 & !Y >E SELDOM F\ND />V$ TO DEA?4 ,MR4 ,MAL?US HAS V5TUR$ TO 9TRUDE HIMSELF 9TO ! MY/]IES ( ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! UNIV]SE1 UND] ! SOLE GUIDANCE ( HIS GEOMETRICAL & >I?METICAL RATIOS2 & ,I %ALL NOT HAZ>D MU* 9 ASS]T+ ?AT ?IS IS A SCI5CE ( ANO!R ORD]4 

,IF !RE WAS NO PR9CIPLE AT WORK 9 ! WORLD BUT ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S 0,PR9CIPLE ( ,POPULATION10 ,I %\LD EXPECT TO F9D ?+S MU* O!RWISE ?AN !Y >E4 ,I KN[ NOT ?AT WE HAVE ! SMALLE/ REASON TO SUPPOSE ! ANIMAL WORLD MORE NUM]\S ?AN IT WAS ?REE ?\S&1 OR 7PUTT+ REVELATION \T ( ! QUE/ION1 & SUPPOS+ ! E>? TO HAVE SUBSI/$ SO LONG7 ?IRTY ?\S& YE>S AGO4 ,EV]Y BLADE ( GRASS1 IT MAY BE1 IS PEOPL$2 BUT WE MAY W&] = DAYS TOGE!R 9 SOME P>TS ( ! WORLD1 )\T SEE+ AN ANIMAL SO BIG AS A F]RET OR A H>E4 ,:Y IS ?IS8 ,:Y IS NOT NATURE 

 -/RANGL$ ) H] WA/E F]TILITY1 

,! E>? CUMB]$1 & ! W+$ AIR D>K$ ) PLUMES8 

,! SPAWN ( FI%ES IS MO/ COPI\S1 BUT WE KN[ NOT H[ MU* ( ?IS IS RIP5$ 9TO P]FECT ANIMALS4 ,ALL WE SEEM TO KN[ IS1 ?AT ! EAT]S >E NOT MORE NUM]\S ?AN !Y HAVE BE5 FROM ! E>LIE/ RECORDS ( TIME1 & ?AT ! SMALL ANIMALS :I* S]VE = FOOD TO ! L>GE ONES1 >E NOT PRODUC$ 9 SO MU* GREAT] PL5TY ?AN =M]LY1 AS TO OCCASION ANY DI/URBANCE TO ! GOODLY ORD] ( ! UNIV]SE4 ,WE KN[ ?AT SEV]AL SPECIES ( ANIMALS HAVE TOTALLY P]I%$4 ,WE READ ( ! UNICORN1 ! LEVIA?AN1 ! BEHEMO?1 ! MAMMU?1 & MANY O!RS1 & ( SOME ( !M ! SKELETONS1 9 :OLE OR 9 P>T1 SUBSI/ TO ?IS DAY4 ,:AT ANIMAL WAS TO PREY ON ! MAMMU?1 OR TO KEEP D[N ! 5ORM\S MULTIPLICATION ( HIS SPECIES1 BY MAK+ USE ( HIM = FOOD8 ,IF ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S SY/EM W]E TRUE1 ! E>? LONG ]E ?IS1 \<T TO HAVE BE5 A HABITATION = MAMMU?S ONLY2 OR RA!R ?IS 5ORM\S ANIMAL1 AFT] HAV+ DEV\R$ EV]Y O!R SPECIES1 \<T HIMSELF TO HAVE P]I%$1 & ! GLOBE TO HAVE BECOME ONE VA/ SOLITUDE4 

,IT IS NOT MY 9T5TION TO PURSUE ?IS SPECULATION RESPECT+ ! ANIMAL TRIBES4 ,IT IS 5\< = ME TO HAVE />T$ ! H9T = ! USE ( FUTURE 5QUIR]S4 ,I RETURN !RE=E TO ! TOPIC ( HUMAN POPULATION4 

,!RE IS SOME?+ MU* MORE MY/]I\S 9 ! PR9CIPLE BY :I* ! RACE ( MANK9D IS P]PETUAT$1 ?AN ANY MAN HAS YET DI/9CTLY REM>K$3 & HE ?AT %ALL SUFFICI5TLY ATT5D TO IT1 9/EAD ( WOND]+ ?AT ! GLOBE HAS NOT LONG AGO BE5 OV]/OCK$ ) 9HABITANTS1 & SEEK+ = VAGUE & 9DEF9ITE CAUSES TO ACC\NT = ! ?9NESS ( ITS POPULATION1 WILL BE APT RA!R TO WOND] :Y ! HUMAN RACE HAS NOT BY ?IS TIME BECOME EXT9CT4 ,:AT >E ! LESSONS ?AT EXP]I5CE TEA*ES US ON ?IS SUBJECT8 ,( ! FAMILIES ?AT ,I KNEW 9 ! E>LIE/ /AGE ( MY RECOLLECTION1 ! MAJORITY HAVE P]I%$4 ,! P]SONS TO :OM ,I REF] W]E M5 9 ! MIDDLE /ATION ( LIFE1 & ,:O LIV$ AT !IR EASE4 ,:Y HAS !IR RACE BECOME EXT9CT8 ,H[ FEW CAN TRACE !IR DESC5T 9 ! DIRECT MALE L9E ?R\< MANY G5]ATIONS8 ,! P]SONS ( ! NAME ( ,SMI?1 OR ,:ITE1 OR ,BR[N1 >E 9DE$ NUM]\S2 = !SE >E NOT ONE FAMILY1 BUT ! NAME ( OLD ,WAS GIV5 AT R&OM TO MANY4 ,BUT TAKE ANY NAME ?AT IS S+UL>1 ,%AKESPE>1 OR ,MAL?US1 OR ,GILDON1 H[ MANY ( ?AT NAME WILL Y\ F9D 9 ! MU/]-ROLL8 ,UPON ! PR9CIPLE ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 ! 9HABITANTS ( ?IS C\NTRY \<T LONG AGO TO HAVE BE5 A PEOPLE ( NOBLES3 ! NOBILITY ) US1 LIKE ! MAMMU? 9 ! BRUTE CREATION1 \<T TO HAVE EAT5 UP ! RE/2 = !Y HAD AMPLE 5C\RAGEM5T TO MULTIPLY1 :I* ! PEASANT & ! ME*ANIC C\LD SC>CELY 9 ! SMALLE/ DEGREE P>TAKE4 ,YET \R NOBILITY >E 9 A /RIK+ DEGREE NEW FAMILIES1 SC>CE ANY ( !M TAK+ PREC$5CE ( ! BA/>DS ( ,*>LES ! ,SECOND4 ,SU* IS ! ORD] ( ! UNIV]SE4 0,ONE G5]ATION10 AS ,SOLOMON SAYS1 ONE FAMILY1 & ONE RACE ( M51 0PASSE? AWAY1 & ANO!R COME?20 BUT ! HUMAN RACE SURVIVES !SE VICISSITUDES4 ,9 ,SCOTL&1 TITLES >E OLD1 BECAUSE !Y DESC5D TO HEIRS-G5]AL1 & SURNAMES >E WIDELY DIFFUS$1 BECAUSE IT WAS ! CU/OM ( ! HEAD ( A CLAN TO GIVE HIS [N NAME TO ALL HIS FOLL[]S4 

,A PASSAGE EXTREMELY TO ?IS PURPOSE1 ON ! SUBJECT ( ! T[N ( ,B]NE1 OCCURS 9 ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S ,ESSAY1 :O HAS 9DE$ ALWAYS APPE>$ TO ME A MAN ( A C&ID M9D2 SO MU* TO1 ?AT 9 MY OP9ION IT W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 DIFFICULT = ANY ONE ( SUFFICI5T LEISURE & P]SPICACITY1 TO CON/RUCT AN ANSW] TO ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION FROM ! ,ESSAY ITSELF4 ,! PASSAGE PURPORTS TO BE AN EXTRACT FROM ! ,/ATI/IQUE DE LA ,SUISSE1 9 F\R VOLUMES1 OCTAVO1 PUBLI%$ AT ,LAUSANNE1 9 #a#g#f#f4 0,9 ! T[N ( ,B]NE1 FROM ! YE> #a#e#h#c2 TO #a#f#e#d1 ! SOV]EIGN C\NCIL HAD ADMITT$ 9TO ! ,B\RGEOISIE #dhg FAMILIES1 ( :I* #cgi BECAME EXT9CT 9 ! SPACE ( TWO C5TURIES1 & 9 #a<c ONLY #ah ( !M REMA9$4 ,DUR+ ! HUNDR$ YE>S FROM #afhd TO #a#g#h#d1 #bg ,B]NESE FAMILIES BECAME EXT9CT4 ,FROM #afbd TO #a#g#a#b1 ! ,B\RGEOISIE WAS GIV5 TO #h FAMILIES4 ,9 #afbc ! SOV]EIGN C\NCIL UNIT$ ! MEMB]S ( #aab DIFF]5T FAMILIES1 ( :I* #eh ONLY REMA940 

,IT HAS SOMETIMES OCCURR$ TO ME :E!R ,MR4 ,MAL?US DID NOT CAT* ! FIR/ H9T ( HIS GEOMETRICAL RATIO FROM A CURI\S PASSAGE ( ,JUDGE ,BLACK/ONE1 ON CONSANGU9ITY1 :I* IS AS FOLL[S3 

0,! DOCTR9E ( L9EAL CONSANGU9ITY IS SUFFICI5TLY PLA9 & OBVI\S2 BUT IT IS AT ! FIR/ VIEW A/ONI%+ TO CONSID] ! NUMB] ( L9EAL ANCE/ORS :I* EV]Y MAN HAS )9 NO V]Y GREAT NUMB] ( DEGREES3 & SO MANY DIFF]5T BLOODS IS A MAN SAID TO CONTA9 9 HIS VE9S1 AS HE HA? L9EAL ANCE/ORS4 ,( !SE HE HA? TWO 9 ! FIR/ ASC5D+ DEGREE1 HIS [N P>5TS2 HE HA? F\R 9 ! SECOND1 ! P>5TS ( HIS FA!R & ! P>5TS ( HIS MO!R2 HE HA? EI<T ,9 ! ?IRD1 ! P>5TS ( HIS TWO GR&FA!RS & TWO GR&MO!RS2 & BY ! SAME RULE ( PROGRESSION1 HE HA? AN HUNDR$ & TW5TY-EI<T 9 ! SEV5?2 A ?\S& & TW5TY-F\R 9 ! T5?2 & AT ! TW5TIE? DEGREE1 OR ! DI/ANCE ( TW5TY G5]ATIONS1 EV]Y MAN HA? ABOVE A MILLION ( ANCE/ORS1 AS COMMON >I?METIC WILL DEMON/RATE4 

0,?IS WILL SEEM SURPRIS+ TO ?OSE :O >E UNACQUA9T$ ) ! 9CREAS+ P[] ( PROGRESSIVE NUMB]S2 BUT IS PALPABLY EVID5T FROM ! FOLL[+ TABLE ( A GEOMETRICAL PROGRESSION1 9 :I* ! FIR/ T]M IS #b1 & ! D5OM9ATOR ALSO #b2 OR1 TO SPEAK MORE 9TELLIGIBLY1 IT IS EVID5T1 = ?AT EA* ( US HAS TWO ANCE/ORS 9 ! FIR/ DEGREE2 ! NUMB] ( :I* IS D\BL$ AT EV]Y REMOVE1 BECAUSE EA* ( \R ANCE/ORS HAD ALSO TWO IMM$IATE ANCE/ORS ( HIS [N4 

 ,L9EAL ,D]GEES4 
 ,NUMB] ( ,ANCE/ORS4 
#a 
#b 
#b 
#d 
#c 
#h 
#d 
#af 
#e 
#cb 
#f 
#fd 
#g 
#abh 
#h 
#bef 
#i 
#eab 
#a 
#abd 
#aa 
#bdh 
#ab 
#dif 
#ac 
#haib 
#ad 
#af*d 
#ae 
#cbgfh 
#af 
#feecf 
#ag 
#acagb 
#ah 
#bfbadd 
#ai 
#ebdbhh 
#b 
#adhegf 

,?IS >GUM5T H[EV] FROM ,JUDGE,BLACK/ONE ( A GEOMETRICAL PROGRESSION W\LD MU* MORE NATURALLY APPLY TO ,MONTESQUIEU'S HYPO!SIS ( ! DEPOPULATION ( ! WORLD1 & PROVE ?AT ! HUMAN SPECIES IS HA/5+ FA/ TO EXT9CTION1 ?AN TO ! PURPOSE = :I* ,MR4 ,MAL?US HAS EMPLOY$ IT4 ,AN +5I\S SOPHISM MI<T BE RAIS$ UPON IT1 TO %EW ?AT ! RACE ( MANK9D WILL ULTIMATELY T]M9ATE 9 UNITY4 ,MR4 ,MAL?US 9DE$ %\LD HAVE REFLECT$1 ?AT IT IS MU* MORE C]TA9 ?AT EV]Y MAN HAS HAD ANCE/ORS1 ?AN ?AT HE WILL HAVE PO/]ITY1 & ?AT IT IS /ILL MORE D\BTFUL1 :E!R HE WILL HAVE PO/]ITY TO TW5TY1 OR TO AN 9DEF9ITE NUMB] ( G5]ATIONS4 

,ANO!R REM>K ALSO IT IS PROP] TO MAKE ON ?IS EXTRACT4 ,JUDGE ,BLACK/ONE DOES 9DE$ %EW1 ?AT ! POPULATION ( ! WORLD IS1 9 ONE S5SE1 ! PROP] SUBJECT ( A GEOMETRICAL RATIO4 ,BUT HIS RATIO IS ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ,MR4 ,MAL?US4 ,! ,COMM5TATOR ON ! ,LAWS ( ,5GL& DOES NOT PRET5D TO ASSIGN ANY P]IOD ( TIME1 ANY PRECISE NUMB]S ( YE>S1 TO HIS D\BL+2 :]EAS ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION NOT ONLY AFFIRMS A D\BL+ BY DIRECT G5]ATION1 :I* IS NOT TRUE2 BUT IT IS ALSO ( ! ESS5CE ( ! DOCTR9E !RE DELIV]$1 ?AT ?IS D\BL+ %ALL TAKE )9 A LIMIT$ & ASSIGNABLE PORTION ( TIME4 

,9 TREAT+ ON ?IS SUBJECT ( POPULATION1 & CONSID]+ :E!R ! SMALL NUMB] ( ! PRES5T 9HABITANTS ( ! E>? IS ALTOGE!R TO BE ASCRIB$ TO ! 9ROADS ( VISE & MIS]Y1 IT IS C]TA9LY NOT :OLLY UNWOR?Y ( \R ATT5TION TO OBS]VE1 ?AT SOME ( ?OSE C\NTRIES FROM :I* WE HAVE DRAWN \R EXAMPLES ( ! SC>CITY ( M51 W]E AMONG ! C\NTRIES 9 :I* LIB]TY & EQUALITY MO/ AB\ND$1 & :]E DI/RESS WAS ! LEA/ KN[N4 ,! TWO MO/ FL\RI%+ /ATES ( ANCI5T ,GREECE1 W]E ,SP>TA & ,A!NS2 & 9 BO? ! LABORI\S OCCUPATIONS W]E ASSIGN$ TO SLAVES1 :ILE ! FREE CITIZ5S LIV$ 9 COMP>ATIVE IDL5ESS4 ,9 ,SP>TA !RE WAS LITTLE MOTIVE TO 9DU/RY1 AS ALL PROP]TY WAS 9 COMMON3 A CITIZ5 WAS !RE ?\<T TO BE DISGRAC$1 IF HE PRACTIC$ ANY ( ! >TS4 ,9 ,A!NS ,SOLON MADE AN EXCEPTION 9 FAVOR ( /ATU>Y & PA9T+1 :I* W]E !RE=E T]M$ LIB]AL >TSE4 ,SOME ( ! CITIZ5S ( ,A!NS W]E 5T]PRIS+1 & S\<T TO ACCUMULATE WEAL?2 BUT ! GREAT] P>T W]E CONT5T$ ) ! CONDITION 9 :I* !Y W]E BORN4 ,9 ! ,SYMPOSIUM ( ,X5OPHON1 A CURI\S REPRES5TATION ( ! /ATE ( ! ,A!NIANS 9 ?IS RESPECT IS PUT 9TO ! M\? (ONE ,*>MIDES4 0,:5 ,I WAS WEAL?Y10 SAYS HE1 0,I WAS EXPOS$ TO P]PETUAL DEM&S = ! SUPPORT ( GOV]NM5T1 OR = ! EXP5OES ( ! !AT]4 ,I C\LD NOT GO BEYOND ! CONF9ES ( ,ATTICA1 )\T 9CURR+ ! SUSPICION ( ! MAGI/RATES1 & WAS OBLIG$ TO C\RT ! FAVOR ( ! VILE/ 9=M]S4 ,N[1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?AT ,I HAVE BECOME POOR1 ,I GO :]E ,I *USE2 ,I AM TREAT$ ) RESPECT & DEF]5CE BY ! RI*1 :O REG>D ME ) ! SAME T]ROR ,I ONCE FELT = O!RS2 &1 :5 9 WANT1 ,I CAN REQUIRE ( ! /ATE TO SUPPORT ME40 ,!SE W]E ! C\NTRIES 9 :I* TO HAVE TRI$ ! GEOMETRICAL RATIO2 & IT WAS TRI$4 ,! CON/ITUTION ( ,SP>TA 5DUR$ FIVE HUNDR$ YE>S2 ) :AT EFFECT WE HAVE SE54 ,! GOV]NM5T ( ,ROME WAS P]HAPS ! HAPPIE/ = ITS CITIZ5S1 & C]TA9LY PRODUC$1 :ILE 9 ITS VIGOR1 ! GREATE/ QUANTITY ( TRUE 5]GY & H]OIC VIRTUE1 ( ANY GOV]NM5T ?AT EV] EXI/$4 ,NOR WILL ! GOV]NM5T ( ! CANTON ( ,B]NE BE CIT$ AMONG ?OSE ?AT HAVE MO/ OPPRESS$ !IR CITIZ5S4 

,9 ! ,GRECIAN REPUBLICS ! 9CREASE ( MAN4 K9D C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 KEPT D[N 9 !IR CITIZ5S BY WANT1 = EV]Y CITIZ5 HAD A RI<T TO CALL ON ! /ATE TO SUPPORT HIM4 ,& 9 ,SP>TA :5 ! CITIZ5S HAD ALL BE5 F$1 !RE WAS A NUM]\S TRA9 ( ,HELOTS1 BY :OM ! ME*ANICAL LABOR ( ! COMMUNITY WAS P]=M$1 & :O WE MNV BE SURE W\LD NOT ALL BE />V$4 ,! CITIZ5S !RE=E1 ! DECREASE ( :OM ,I HAVE EXEMPLIFI$ 9 /RIK+ 9/ANCES1 W]E1 IT IS C]TA91 ALWAYS PL5TIFULLY F$1 & 9 ?AT & EV]Y O!R WAY ?AT MI<T SEEM TO HAVE ! GREATE/ PROMISE ( SUCCESS1 5C\RAG$ TO MULTIPLY !IR SPECIES4 

,( ,HISPANIOLA & ,P]U1 SU* AS !Y W]E :5 FIR/ VISIT$ BY !IR ,EUROPEAN 9VAD]S1 \R ACC\NTS >E NOT P]HAPS P]FECTLY SATISFACTORY & ACCURATE3 BUT ,I ?9K WE KN[ 5\< TO 5ABLE US TO PRON\NCE ?AT1 IF VISE & MIS]Y W]E ALL !Y HAD TO DEP5D UPON = ! /ABILITY ( !IR CONDITION1 & ! WELL BE+ ( ! :OLE1 !Y W]E V]Y SL5D]LY PROVID$ 9 !SE RESPECTS4 ,! CASE IS DIFF]5T ) RESPECT TO ! MISSIONS ( ,P>AGUAY4 ,!SE FALL PROP]LY & FULLY )9 ! PROV9CE ( HI/ORY4 ,WE LABOR UND] NO WANT ( REEORDS RESPECT+ !M4 ,& ,I %\LD !RE=E APPREH5D ?AT1 AS F> AS ! EVID5CE ( G5]AL HI/ORY IS TO BE ADMITT$ = PRO(1 ! DOCTR9E ( ! GEOMETRICAL RATIO WAS FULLY TRI$ 9 ?AT CELEBRAT$ E/ABLI%M5T4 

,IT %\LD SEEM !N ?AT VISE & MIS]Y >E NOT ALTOGE!R SU* P[]FUL AG5TS1 & HAVE BY NO MEANS DONE SO MU* = ! WELL BE+ ( SOCIETY AS ,MR4 ,MAL?US IMAG9ES4 ,ALL ! POLITICAL E/ABLI%M5TS :I* HAVE JU/ BE5 5UM]AT$1 CONTRIV$ TO DO ) A V]Y SMALL PORTION ( !M2 & WE HAVE NO REASON TO BELIEVE RESPECT+ ANY ONE ( !M1 ?AT !Y W]E OV]:ELM$ ) ! MULTITUDE ( !IR CITIZ5S4 

,9DE$ IT IS A /RANGE HYPO!SIS1 SO VIOL5T ?AT ONE WOND]S ?AT IT C\LD = A MOM5T HAVE IMPOS$ ON HUMAN CR$ULITY1 SO %OCK+ ?AT IT MI<T DRIVE ALL REASONABLE BE+S TO DESPAIR1 TO SUPPOSE ! AG5CY ( VISE & MIS]Y TO BE SO ACTIVE & GIGANTIC1 ?AT BY ?OSE ALONE OR1 AS ,MR4 ,MAI ?US EXPRESSIVELY T]MS IT1 BY 0 EV]Y CAUSE :I* 9 ANY DEGREE CONTRIBUTES TO %ORT5 ! NATURAL DURATION ( HUMAN LIFE10 ?REE TIMES AS MANY *ILDR5 DIE 9 YE>S ( NONAGE 9 ! ,OLD ,WORLD AS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA1 & ?AT ?US & ?US ONLY \R POPULATION IS KEPT D[N TO A LEVEL1 :ILE1 IF WE W]E AS VIRTU\S & HAPPY AS ! CITIZ5S ( ?AT REPUBLIC1 IT W\LD NOT FAIL TO D\BLE ITSELF 9 LESS ?AN TW5TY-FIVE YE>S4 ,EV]Y READ]1 ,I APPREH5D1 :O HAS GONE ?US F> ALONG ) ME1 WILL FEEL SATISFI$1 ?AT !RE IS SOME GROSS MI/AKE 9 ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S /ATEM5T RESPECT+ ! POPULATION ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA3 & IT WILL BE ! BUS9ESS ( ! ,F\R? ,BOOK ( ! PRES5T WORK TO 5DEAVOR TO LAY OP5 ! S\RCES ( ?AT MI/AKE4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahai 3 ,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #ab -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #ab -- ,ADD$4 

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