,BOOK #b1 ,*APT] #i 
,PR9CIPLES ,RESPECT+ ! ,9CREASE OR ,DECREASE ( ! ,NUMB]S ( ,MANK9D ,RESUM$ 

#ahbahb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,GODW91 ,WILLIAM4 ,( ,POPULATION4 ,LONDON3 ,LONGMAN1 ,HUR/1 ,REES1 ,ORME & ,BR[N1 ,PAT]NO/] ,R[1 #a#h#b4 

  

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,*APT] ,I,X3 

  

,P,R,9,C,I,P,L,E,S ,R,E,S,P,E,C,T,+ ,! ,9,C,R,E,A,S,E ,O,R ,D,E,C,R,E,A,S,E ,( ,! ,N,U,M,B,],S ,( ,M,A,N,K,9,D ,R,E,S,U,M,$4 

,!,R,E IS A FUR!R PO9T HI<LY WOR?Y ( ATT5TION 9 ! SUBJECT N[ UND] CONSID]ATION1 & \R 9VE/IGATION WILL BE 9COMPLETE IF ?AT IS NOT DI/9CTLY ADV]T$ TO4 

,WE HAVE F\ND ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO ALL ,TABLES :I* HAVE YET BE5 =M$ UPON ! REGI/]S ( BIR?S & M>RIAGES1 ! UNION ( TWO P]SONS ( OPPOSITE SEXES DOES NOT PRODUCE UPON AN AV]AGE1 9 ,EUROPE AT LEA/1 MORE ?AN F\R BIR?S4 

,BUT IT MAY BE OBJECT$ ?AT ?IS RULE APPLIES TO ,EUROPE ONLY1 & MAY HAVE RELATION TO SOME ACCID5TS OR CU/OMS :I* BELONG PECULI>LY TO ?IS DIVISION ( ! GLOBE4 ,9 O!R C\NTRIES ! PROPORTION ( ! NUMB] ( BIR?S TO ! NUMB] ( M>RIAGEABLE WOM5 MAY BE GREAT]4 ,9 ,AM]ICA ,DR4 ,FRANKL9 PROPOSES ?AT WE %\LD SET IT D[N AS EI<T TO ONE4 

,IT MAY BE FUR!R OBJECT$1 ?AT ?IS RULE MAY AT LA/ PROVE FALLACI\S1 AS BE+ F\ND$ ON NO?+ BUT ! ACTUAL REGI/]S ( BIR?S & M>RIAGES 

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:I* AFT] ALL NOBODY WILL AFFIRM TO BE P]FECT & 9FALLIBLE4 .<,! QUE/ION ( NUMB] ( M>RIAGEABLE WOM5 /&S ON HI<] GR\NDS4.> ,TO ?IS WE HAVE HIR!RTO GIV5 BUT ONE ANSW]1 RESPECT+ ON ! SURPRIS+ CO9CID5CE 9 ?IS RESPECT ( ALL ! REGI/]S :I* HAVE HI!RTO BE5 PRODUC$ FROM DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 GOV]N$ BY LAWS & MODES ( RECORD EXTREMELY UNLIKE TO EA* O!R4 

,BUT1 :]EV] ANY PH5OM5ON UNIV]SALLY PREVAILS1 !RE MAY BE F\ND A PR9CIPLE1 BUILT UP ON ! :OLE MASS ( ! OBS]VATIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 MADE1 %EW+ :Y IT \<T TO BE EXPECT$ UNIV]SALLY TO PREVAIL4 ,IT IS ! GLORY & ! PRIVILEGE ( ! HUMAN M9D TO 9VE/IGATE SU* PR9CIPLE4 ,?IS IS ! CONCLUD+ /EP BY :I* OBS]VATION IS R$UC$ 9TO SCI5CE3 &1 IF IT CAN BE EFFECTUALLY ACCOMPLI%$1 !N1 & !N ONLY1 ! 5QUIR] AFT] TRU? >RIVES AT A SUITABLE /ATE ( REPOSE4 ,HE KN[S :AT HAS BE51 NOT M]ELY BY A RECORD ( APP>5T FACTS1 BUT BY ! MORE SATISFACTORY ME?OD ( ANALYSIS1 & HE IS ABLE ) SOME DEGREE ( CONFID5CE TO PR$ICT :AT %ALL BE4 

,! FIR/ CONSID]ATION ?AT OCCURS1 :I* IS CALCULAT$ TO QUALIFY \R IDEAS ON ! SUBJECT1 IS :AT ,I W\LD CALL ! VALUE ( A M>RIAGE1 OR ! NUMB] ( YE>S :I* A M>RI$ LIFE1 TAK+ M>RI$ LIVES ON AV]AGE1 MAY BE COMPUT$ TO 5DURE4 ,IF ! HUMAN SPECIES W]E IMMORTAL1 OR1 MORE EXACTLY SPEAK+1 IF M5 & WOM5 9 !IR GREATE/ VIGOR & ! MO/ PROCREATIVE P]IOD ( 

.<#b#h.> 

!IR EXI/5CE1 W]E NOT EXPOS$ TO ! ACCID5T ( DEA?1 !N ! VALUE ( A M>RIAGE 1OR ! NUMB] ( YE>S ?AT IT MI<T BE COMPUT$ TO 5DURE1 W\LD BE TW5TY-FIVE YE>S4 

,BUT ?IS IS NOT ! CASE4 ,NO P]IOD ( HUMAN LIFE IS EXEMPT$ FROM ! GREAT LAW ( MORTALITY2 & ?IS CONSID]ATION PLA9LY LIMITS ! NUMB] ( *ILDR5 ?AT A M>RIAGE1 :5 WE >E 5GAG$ 9 ! SURVEY ( A COMMUNITY OR POLITICAL SOCIETY1 MAY BE EXPECT$ TO PRODUCE4 

,SOME WOM5 DIE 9 ! FIR/ YE> ( !IR M>RIAGE4 ,!SE MAY = ! MO/ P>T BE REG>D$ AS LEAV+ NO (FSPR+4 ,O!RS DIE 9 ! SECOND1 ?IRD1 OR F\R? YE> ( !IR M>RIAGE1 & SO ON ?R\< ! :OLE P]IOD ( TW5TY FIVE YE>S4 

,TO ! MORTALITY ( ! WOM51 WE MU/ ADD ?AT ( !IR HUSB&S4 ,IT HAS APPE>$ ?AT A V]Y SMALL PROPORTION ( WID[S M>RY AGA91 CONSEQU5TLY ! DEA? ( ! HUSB& MAY BE CONSID]$ AS OP]AT+ NO LESS EFFECTUALLY TO PUT A /OP TO ! FRUITFULNESS ( A *ILD BE>+ WOMAN1 ?AN ! DEA? ( ! WOMAN H]SELF4 

,ALL ?AT RELATES TO ?IS P>T ( ! SUBJECT IS SUSCEPTIBLE ( AN EXACT CALCULATION2 & ,DR4 ,HALLEY & ,DR4 ,PRICE HAVE FURNI%$ US ) ,TABLES ( ! PROBABILITIES ( HUMAN LIFE1 FROM :I* MAY BE EASILY EXTRACT$ :ATEV] MAY CONDUCE TO ?R[ LI<T ON ?IS QUE/ION4 

,I HAVE MYSELF 5T]$ 9TO SOME COMPUTATIONS 

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F\ND$ ON ! DATA FURNI%$ BY !SE AU?ORS & ONE OR TWO ( MY FRI5DS1 MORE DEVOT$ ?AN MYSELF TO MATT]S ( CALCULATION1 HAVE FURNI%$ ME ) O!RS :I* ,I HAD 9T5D$ TO 9S]T 9 ?IS PLACE4 ,BUT ,I AM UNWILL+ TO GIVE TO A BOOK1 ! EXPRESS OBJECT ( :I* IS TO CORRECT A P]NICI\S1 & UNHAPPILY A WIDELY DIFFUS$ ]ROR1 ANY PORTION ( A DRY & REPULSIVE AIR1 ?AT CAN )\T 9JURY BE AVOID$4 ,:OEV] IS DISPOS$ FULLY TO 9VE/IGATE ! SUBJECT = HIMSELF1 MAY EASILY =M SU* COMPUTATIONS AS ,I HAVE DONE4 ,! G5]AL RESULT ( MY 9VE/IGATION HAS BE51 ?AT M>RIAGES1 TAK5 ONE ) ANO!R1 >E WOR? AB\T SIXTE5 YE>S4 

,TO ASSI/ ANY ONE :O %\LD BE 9CL9$ TO GO OV] ! SAME GR\ND1 IT IS PROP] H[EV] ?AT ,I %\LD M5TION ! DATA UPON :I* ,I HAVE PROCE$$4 ,I HAVE SUPPOS$ ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& M>RIAGES TO BE SOLEMNIZ$4 ,I HAVE TAK5 = GRANT$1 ?AT ! FEMALES ( !SE M>RIAGES W]E EV]Y ONE ( !M PRECISELY TW5TY YE>S ( AGE4 ,AS M5 >E F\ND TO M>RY SOME:AT LAT] 9 LIFE ?AN WOM51 ,I HAVE TAK5 ! BRIDEGROOMS AS ALL ( !M ( ! AGE ( TW5TY-FIVE4 ,?IS 9 REALITY PRODUCES A V]Y SLI<T DIFF]5CE 9 ! RESULT1 FROM :AT IT W\LD HAVE BE5 IF ,I HAD TAK5 !M ALSO AT TW5TY4 ,BUT 9 MATT]S ( COMPUTATION ONE MU/ FIX ONE'S FOOT SOME:]E4 

,) !SE PREMISES ,I HAVE PROCE$$ UPON IHE F\NDATIONS AF=D$ BY ,DR4 ,HALLEY & ,DR4 

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,PRICE1 TO CALCULATE1 AMONG ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& M5 & ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& WOM5 ( ! AGES ABOVE SPECIFI$1 H[ MANY W\LD DIE AN NUALLY ?R\< ! :OLE P]IOD ( TW5TY-FIVE YE>S4 ,! RESULT ( MY COMPUTATION HAS BE5 TO FIX ! VALUE ( A M>RIAGE AT AB\T SIXTE5 YE>S4 

,LET US NEXT CONSID] ! V>I\S CIRCUM/ANCES 9 HUMAN SOCIETY1 :I* LIMIT ?IS ABSOLUTE MEASURE1 & CONSEQU5TLY BR+ ! AV]AGE AM\NT ( *ILDR5 ?AT A M>RIAGE %ALL PRODUCE1 OR1 MORE ACCURATELY SPEAK+1 ! PROPORTION TO BE BORNE BY ! NUMB] ( BIR?S TO ! NUMB] ( WOM5 CAPABLE ( BE>+ *ILDR5 9 ANY COMMUNITY1 GREATLY )9 ?AT :I* ! P]IOD ( SIXTE5 YE>S = ! DURATION ( A M>RIAGE MI<T LEAD US TO EXPECT4 

,WE HAVE HI!RTO1 9 \R COMMUNITY ( ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& M5 & ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& WOM51 TAK5 = GRANT$ ?AT ALL M>RY1 & ?AT ! WOM5 ALL M>RY AT TW5TY1 & ! M5 AT TW5TY-FIVE4 ,BUT ?AT IS NOT REALLY ! CASE ) ANY COMMUNITY ?AT EV] EXI/$ ON ! FACE ( ! E>?4 

,FIR/1 ALL WOM5 DO NOT M>RY4 ,WE HAVE SE5 REASON TO BELIEVE1 ?AT ! NUMB] ( WOM5 :O SP5D !IR LIVES 9 ! S+LE /ATE IS BY NO MEANS SO L>GE1 AS \R FIR/ REFLECTIONS MI<T HAVE L$ US TO SUPPOSE4 ,!Y >E H[EV] A CONSID]ABLE NUMB]1 & CON/ITUTE A REAL 

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PROPORTION ( ! NUMB] ( FEMALES ( AN AGE ADAPT$ = *ILD BE>+ 9 EV]Y COMMUNITY4 

,SECONDLY1 IT IS BY NO MEANS TRUE1 ?AT EV]Y WOMAN M>RIES AT TW5TY1 & EV]Y MAN AT TW5TY-FIVE YE>S4 ,TO M>RY E>LI] ?AN TW5TY WILL NOT1 ,I BELIEVE1 T5D TO 9CREASE ! *ANCE ( AUGM5T+ ! POPULATION 9 ANY C\NTRY4 ,BUT MANY M>RY LAT] FROM MOTIVES ( PRUD5CE4 ,&1 :]EV] A GREAT PROPORTION ( FEMALES >E EMPLOY$ 9 ! CAPACITY ( DOME/IC S]VANTS1 ?IS ( C\RSE OPPOSES A S5SIBLE OB/ACLE TO E>LY M>RIAGE ON ! P>T ( ! FEMALE4 ,BUT1 9 CASE ! HUSB& OR ! WIFE AT ! P]IOD ( M>RIAGE IS OLD] ?AN IS ABOVE SET D[N1 ! *ANCE ( ! NUMB] ( YE>S ?AT !IR UNION %ALL LA/ IS DIM9I%$2 & 9 ! CASE ( ! WOMAN1 ! AB/RACT P]IOD ( TW5TY-FIVE YE>S 9 :I* WE HAVE SUPPOS$ H] CAPABLE ( *ILD-BE>+1 IS R$UC$ ALSO4 

,?IRDLY1 WE HAVE RECKON$ DEA? ONLY1 AS A P]IOD PUTT+ A T]M9ATION ON ! VALUE ( A M>RIAGE4 ,BUT !RE IS A SICKNESS NOT UNTO DEA?4 ,&1 9 A NUM]\S COMMUNITY1 ! AM\NT ( ! FEMALES :O1 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( TEMPOR>Y DISEASE1 MAY = A LONG] OR %ORT] TIME BE PREV5T$ FROM BE>+ *ILDR5 WILL NOT BE 9CONSID]ABLE4 

,I MAY ADD H]E1 ?AT1 9 CALCULAT+ ! NUMB] ( BIR?S TO A M>RIAGE1 WE MAY REASONABLY TAKE 9TO \R CONSID]ATION ! DUTY :I* NATURE IMPOSES UPON ! HUMAN FEMALE ( SUCKL+ 

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H] (FSPR+4 ,?IS IS SC>CELY OMITT$ 9 ! L[] & MORE NUM]\S WALKS ( LIFE3 & :]E IT IS1 P]HAPS IT ALWAYS HAPP5S ?AT SOME FEMALE IS OCCUPI$ 9 ! C>E ( ! 9FANT1 :O MI<T O!RWISE BY *ILD BE>+ HAVE BE5 5GAG$ 9 9CREAS+ ! NUMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY4 

,F\R?LY1 A FUR!R D$UCTION FROM ! NUMB] ( *ILDR5 BORN 9TO ! WORLD1 OR FROM ! AV]AGE AM\NT ?AT WE %\LD O!RWISE F9D ( BIR?S TO A M>RIAGE1 IS PRODUC$ BY ! NUMB] ( WOM5 :O 9 ! EXP]IM5T >E F\ND B>R51 & ( M>RIAGES :I* AF=D NO *ILDR53 = DEBILITY1 9 ! MAN MAY EQUALLY BE ATT5D$ ) ?AT EFFECT1 AS B>R5NESS 9 ! WOMAN4 

,FIF?LY1 WE MU/ SUBTRACT FROM ! NUMB] ( WOM51 :O MI<T O!RWISE BE EXPECT$ TO PROVE MO!RS A C]TA9 PROPORTION ( WOM51 :O BY SOME DEFECT ( CON/ITUTION HAVE A FATAL 9DISPOSITION TO PRODUCE ANY BUT ABORTIVE BIR?S1 & :O1 ?\< (T5 ) *ILD1 >E NEV] F\ND TO CONT9UE PREGNANT LONG 5\< TO PRODUCE A LIV+ (FSPR+4 

,SIX?LY1 !RE IS A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( M>RI$ WOM5 :O MAY BE PLAC$ 9 A CLASS NEXT ABOVE ?OSE LA/ NAM$1 ?AT ?\< NOT ABSOLUTELY 9CAPABLE ( BR++ A LIV+ *ILD 9TO ! WORLD1 >E YET F\ND DUR+ ! :OLE P]IOD ( !IR M>RIAGE1 ?\< IT %\LD LA/ FROM ! AGE ( TW5TY TO ! AGE ( =TY-FIVE YE>S1 SOME NEV] TO PRODUCE MORE ?AN ONE1 & O!RS NOT MORE ?AN TWO *ILDR54 

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,LA/LY4 ,:5 WE TAKE ! T]M ( TW5TY-FIVE YE>S1 FROM TW5TY TO =TY-FIVE YE>S ( AGE1 AS ! P]IOD 9 :I* A WOMAN IS CAPABLE ( *ILD-BE>+1 WE MU/ NOT SUPPOSE ?AT CAPACITY TO SUBSI/ 9 EQUAL /R5G? DUR+ ! :OLE P]IOD4 ,A WOMAN1 5D[$ ) ALL ! FRUITFULNESS ( ! MO/ FRUITFUL ( H] SEX1 MAY = A TIME BE> A *ILD REGUL>LY )9 A C]TA9 9T]VAL4 ,FROM TW5TY TO ?IRTY1 WE WILL SAY1 %E MAY DO SO4 ,BUT ?IS IS LESS LIKELY TO HAPP5 AFT] ?IRTY2 IT IS /ILL MORE IMPROBABLE AFT] ?IRTY-FIVE2 & ! IMPROBABILITY IS FUR!R 9CREAS$ AFT] =TY4 ,IT IS NOT ! M>* ( NATURE IMM$IATELY TO /EP \T ( ONE /ATE 9TO ANO!R /ATE ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T4 ,! COLORS ( ,NATURE >E 9S5SIBLY BL5D$1 & *ANGE BY V]Y G5TLE GRADATIONS1 FROM ONE T9T1 TO ANO!R ( CONTRA/$ OR OPPOSITE HUE4 ,( CONSEQU5CE1 =TY-FIVE MAY BE ! AGE AT :I* A WOMAN MAY BE CALCULAT$ ON AS CEAS+ TO BE CAPABLE ( BE>+ *ILDR52 BUT = A NUMB] ( YE>S BE=E ?AT1 %E NO LONG] ! TEEM+ MO!R1 ! PROLIFIC FEMALE1 %E WAS4 ,?IS HAS HAPP5$ REPEAT$LY )9 MY [N KN[L$GE1 & SIMIL> CASES WILL OCCUR TO EV]Y ONE1 ?AT ! WOMAN :O 9 ! FL[] ( H] AGE BORE A *ILD EV]Y SECOND YE>1 OR P]HAPS1 IF %E DID NOT SUCKLE H] *ILDR51 /ILL (T5]1 COMES AFT]W>DS TO ! CONDITION ( BR++ A *ILD AFT] AN 9T]VAL ( ?REE1 F\R1 OR EV5 FIVE YE>S4 

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,TO ILLU/RATE ?IS LET US CONSID]1 ?AT :5 WE HAVE TAK5 SIXTE5 YE>S AS ! VALUE ( A M>RIAGE1 ?IS IS AN AV]AGE DURATION1 & IMPLIES ?AT HALF ( !M LA/ LESS1 & HALF MORE ?AN SIXTE5 YE>S4 ,( CONSEQU5CE ! :OLE P]IOD ( A M>RIAGE IS BY NO MEANS TO BE TAK5 AS BELONG+ TO A VIGOR\S & PROLIFIC P]IOD ( LIFE1 BUT AS 9DIFF]5TLY SPREAD OV] ! 5TIRE P]IOD FROM TW5TY TO =TY-FIVE YE>S ( AGE4 ,?AT WE MAY UND]/& ! VALUE ( ?IS CONSID]ATION ,I W\LD ONCE MORE HAVE REC\RSE TO ! ,SW$I% ,TABLES1 D$UC+ FROM !M A VIEW ( ! NUMB] ( WOM5 TO BE F\ND 9 ,SW$5 9 #a#g#f#c1 ( ALL DIFF]5T AGES ?AT FALL )9 ! *ILD-BE>+ P]IOD4 ,TO R5D] ?IS MORE 9TELLIGIBLE TO EV]Y READ]1 ,I WILL DIVIDE !M 9TO TW5TY-FIVE CLASSES1 ONE = EV]Y YE>4 ,I MI<T HAVE CALCULAT$ ! *ANCES ( SURVIVOR%IP FROM YE> TO YE> ACCORD+ TO ! ,TABLES ( ,HALLEY & ,PRICE2 BUT ?IS W\LD HAVE MADE SO LITTLE DIFF]5CE1 ?AT ,I HAVE PREF]R$ ! SIMPLE ME?OD ( DIVID+ ! NUMB] ( FEMALES BETWE5 TW5TY & TW5TY-FIVE1 & SO ON1 BY FIVE1 & SETT+ !M D[N ACCORD+LY1 AS FOLL[S3 

  

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,H5CE IT APPE>S ?AT1 \T ( #d#e#h1#b#c#f WOM51 LIV+ 9 ,SW$5 9 #agfc )9 ! *ILD-BE>+ AGE1 #g#d1#h#e#e HAD PASS$ !IR =TIE? YE>1 #h#a1#d#e W]E BETWE5 ?IRTY-FIVE & =TY1 & ONLY #b#a1#b#c ( ! :OLE NUMB] W]E 9 ! TW5TY-FIR/ YE> ( !IR AGE4 ,IT IS FROM !SE ONLY ?AT WE CAN EXPECT1 IF M>RI$1 ALL ! FRUITFULNESS ( :I* ! HUMAN FEMALE1 UPON AN AV]AGE1 %ALL BE F\ND CAPABLE4 ,IT IS EASY TO SEE !RE=E :AT PROPORTION ( ! :OLE W]E 9 ! HI<E/ /ATE ( VIGOR & FECUNDITY1 & :AT D$UCTION AS TO ! *ANCE ( FREQU5T *ILD-BE>+ WE >E 5TITL$ TO MAKE1 = ! NUMB] ( ?OSE ) :OM ?AT /ATE WAS 5TIRELY PA/4 ,?IS ( C\RSE =MS A V]Y CONSID]ABLE D$UCTION FROM ! AV]AGE NUMB] WE MI<T O!RWISE EXPECT ( BIR?S TO A M>RIAGE4 

,LET US PUT TOGE!R ! DIFF]5T CONSID]ATIONS1 :I* >E CALCULAT$ TO P]SUADE US ?AT1 FROM ! NUMB] ( WOM5 LIV+ AT A GIV5 TIME 9 ANY C\NTRY BETWE5 ! AGES ( TW5TY & =TY-FIVE YE>S1 A SMALL] NUMB] ( *ILDR5 WILL BE BORN1 ?AN FROM ! M]E 

.<#b#a#f.> 

CALCULATION ( ! PROBABILITY ( ! LIVES ( ! P>TIES WE MI<T AT FIR/ HAVE BE5 L$ TO EXPECT4 

#a4 ,ALL WILL NOT M>RY4 #b4 ,A GREAT NUMB] ( BRIDES >E ABOVE TW5TY1 & BRIDEGROOMS ABOVE TW5TY-FIVE YE>S ( AGE2 & ?IS R$UCES ! NUMB] ( YE>S1 ?AT !IR UNION MI<T O!RWISE HAVE LA/]1 & ! P]IOD 9 :I* ! WOMAN MI<T HAVE LA/$1 & ! P]IOD 9 :I* ! WOMAN MI<T HAVE BE5 C\NT$ ON AS CAPABLE ( *ILD-BE>+4 #c4 ,A D$UCTION WILL >ISE UPON ! AV]AGE ( BIR?S1 NOT ONLY FROM ! MORTALITY ( ! *ILD-BE>+ WOM51 BUT FROM ! CONSID]ATION ( A C]TA9 NUMB] 9 EV]Y YE>1 ?AT BY ILL HEAL? WILL BE CUT (F FROM ! *ANCE ( BECOM+ MO!RS4 #d4 ,!RE WILL BE A C]TA9 NUMB] ( B>R5 WIVES & IMBECILE HUSB&S4 #e4 ,SOME WOM5 HAVE A PR$ISPOSITION TO PRODUCE ONLY ABORTIONS4 #f4 ,MANY WOM5 >E F\ND NEV] TO BE> MORE ?AN ONE1 OR MORE ?AN TWO *ILDR54 #g4 ,?\< ! ACTUAL P]IOD ( ! CAPACITY ( *ILD-BE>+ MAY BE /ATES AS FROM ! AGE ( TW5TY TO ! AGE ( =TY-FIVE YE>S1 YET ! ACTIV5ESS ( ?AT CAPACITY WILL BE F\ND TO BE GREATLY DIM9I%$1 = A CONSID]ABLE TIME BE=E IT TOTALLY CEASES4 

,! :OLE ( !SE CONSID]ATIONS1 IF ACCURATELY WEI<$1 WILL P]HAPS LEAD TO A CONCLUSION1 SIMIL> TO ?AT :I* WILL BE F\ND SUGGE/$ BY ALL ! REPORTS :I* HAVE YET BE5 COLLECT$ ( ALL ! M>RIAGES & BIR?S ?AT TAKE PLACE 9 ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY1 VIZ41 ?AT F\R BIR?S TO A M>RIAGE >E AN AMPLE AV]AGE ALL[ANCE4 

.<#b#a#g.> 

,LET US TURN FROM !SE1 :I* MAY BE CONSID]$ AS CON/ITUT+ A SORT ( A PRIORI REASON+S ON ! SUBJECT1 TO A SUMM>Y ( :AT MAY BE REG>D$ AS ! RESULT ( EV]Y MAN'S OBS]VATION & EXP]I5CE ) RELATION TO ! QUE/ION 9 H&4 

,AT FIR/ SI<T IT IS PROBABLY1 ?AT MO/ M5'S SUP]FICIAL IMPRESSION ONT HE SUBJECT WILL BE AT V>IANCE ) ! CONCLUSION ABOVE LAID D[N1 & !Y WILL />T ) 9CR$ULITY FROM ! AV]AGE ( F\R *ILDR5 TO A M>RIAGE1 AS BE+ GREATLY UND] ! TRU?4 ,EV]Y MAN HAS SE5 )9 ! CIRCLE ( HIS ACQUA9TANCES FAMILIES ( EI<T1 OR P]HAPS T5 *ILDR54 ,IT IS NOT UNEXAMPL$ ?AT ! SAME WOMAN MAY HAVE BR\<T SIXTE5 LIV+ HUMAN BE+S 9TO ! WORLD4 

,BUT !N IT IS TO BE CONSID]$1 ?AT !SE >E REM>KABLE CASES1 :I* EV]Y BODY NOTICES1 & EV]Y BODY TALKS (4 ,!Y >E NOT ONE 9 TW5TY1 & ADD LITTLE TO ! AV]AGE2 NOT HALF A *ILD4 

,?\< A M>RIAGE HAVE ONLY ONE1 TWO1 ?REE OR EV5 NO *ILDR51 ?IS MAY NOT BE FROM B>R5NESS 9 ! ORD9>Y S5SE1 OR FROM ANY ( ! CAUSES ,I HAVE REC5TLY 5UM]AT$4 ,! M>RIAGE MAY BE UNPROLIFIC FROM ! REMOVAL ( EI!R ( ! P>TIES BY DEA?4 ,BUT 9 ! ONE CASE AS 9 ! O!R IT C\NTS EQUALLY 9 ! AV]AGE AGA9/ L>GE FAMILIES4 

,L>GE FAMILIES1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 ALWAYS ATTRACT A C]TA9 DEGREE ( OBS]VATION4 ,! M>RIAGES 

.<#b#a#h.> 

:I* PRODUCE FEW1 >E EXTREMELY COMMON1 & !RE=E PASS )\T REM>K4 ,! WOMAN :O DIES1 IS SOON =GOTT54 

,!SE REM>KS >E SUSCEPTIBLE ( EASY ILLU/RATION4 ,LET US TAKE FIVE M>RIAGES3 ONE PRODUCES TWELVE *ILDR51 ONE FIVE1 TWO F\R1 & ONE NONE3 ! SUM IS TW5TY-ONE *ILDR52 SC>CELY MORE ?AN F\R TO A M>RIAGE4 

,AGA91 LET US TAKE FIVE O!R M>RIAGES3 ONE PRODUCES SEV5TE5 *ILDR51 TWO TWO *ILDR5 EA*1 & TWO NONE3 ! SUM IS AS BE=E TW5TY-ONE2 SC>CELY MORE ?AN F\R TO A M>RIAGE4 

,H]E !N1 IF ANY :]E1 WE >E PRES5T$ ) ! REAL *ECKS UPON POPULATION1 AS !Y MAY BE SUPPOS$ TO OP]ATE UND] ! MO/ FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,NO ONE ( ! SEV5 *ECKS ABOVE 5UM]AT$1 EV5 IF WE ADD TO !M ! LIMITATION ( ! VALUE ( A M>RIAGE >IS+ FROM ! PREC>I\SNESS ( LIFE EI!R 9 ! WIFE OR ! HUSB&1 COMES )9 ! MEAN+ ( ! T]MS1 AS US$ BY ,MR4 ,MAL?US1 0VISE & MIS]Y40 ,!Y >E 9DE$ ! ,LAW ( ,NATURE1 B5EVOL5TLY PROVID+ ?AT WE %\LD NOT 0LIVE LIKE ,NATURE'S BA/>DS1 BUT H] SONS10 & NOT BE CUT (F FROM \R NATURAL 9H]ITANCE1 FROM ?AT FOOD :I* IS NECESS>Y TO & ! RI<T ( ALL ?AT >E BORN1 ?R\< ! CR[D+ & ELB[+ & VIOL5CE ( ! MULTITUDE ( CLAIMANTS4 ,?IS IS A ,LAW ( ,NATURE1 ! REV]SE ( ?AT IMPI\SLY SET UP 9 ! ,ESSAY ON POPULATION4 ,IT IS NOT A ,LAW1 0=BIDD+ TO M>RY10 TELL+ 

.<#b#a#i.> 

! NEW-BORN 9FANT TO 0BE GONE0 FROM ! FACE ( ! E>?1 & PRON\NC+ S5T5CE ?AT 0!RE IS NO VACANT ROOM FROM HIM40 ,IT IS A ,LAW1 ?AT IS EV]Y :]E EXECUT$1 9 ALL PLACES & AT ALL TIMES1 CON/ANTLY & 9 SIL5CE1 NO MAN 'S ATT5TION BE+ CALL$ TO ITS OP]ATION1 NO MAN 'S AID BE+ REQUIR$ TO ITS ADM9I/RATION1 & ACCOMPANI$ ) NO CALAMITY1 UNLESS WE %\LD *USE TO CALL \R COMMON FRAILTY BY ?AT NAME1 & REPROA* ! ,GOD :O MADE US1 ?AT HE DID NOT ORDA9 US ANO!R SPECIES ( BE+S ?AN ?AT :I* WE >E4 

,FROM ! EVID5CE !N COLLECT$ 9 ?IS & ! SIX PREC$+ *APT]S 9 APPE>S1 ?AT ,NATURE TAKES MORE C>E ( H] WORKS1 ?AN SU* IRREV]5T AU?ORS AS ,MR4 ,MAL?US >E APT TO SUPPOSE1-- 9DE$ EXACTLY ?AT C>E1 :I* ELD] & MORE SOB] WRIT]S W]E ACCU/OM$ TO GIVE H] CR$IT =4 ,%E HAS NOT LEFT IT TO ! CAPRICE ( ! HUMAN WILL1 :E!R ! NOBLE/ SPECIES ( BE+S ?AT %E HAS PLANT$ ON ?IS E>?1 %ALL BE CONT9U$ OR NOT4 ,%E DOES NOT ASK \R AID TO KEEP D[N ! EXCESS ( HUMAN POPULATION4 ,&1 H[EV] AN ASCETIC & B>B>\S SUP]/ITION HAS 5DEAVOR$ 9 DIFF]5T C\NTRIES & AGES TO C\NT]ACT H] G5IAL LAWS1 ! PROP5SITY REMA9S 5TIRE2 & NO?+ BUT A DESPOTISM1 F\ND$ AT ONCE UPON ! M5ACES ( A DISMAL H]EAFT] AS ! RETRIBUTION ( A BREA* ( ! V[S ( CELIBACY1 JO9$ ) ! UTMO/ SEVE- 

.<#b#b.> 

RITY ( TEMPORAL PUNI%M5TS1 CAN SUSP5D ITS OP]ATION4 

,NATURAM EXPELLES FURCA1 TAM5 USQUE RECURREL4 

,& ?IS HAPP5S1 NOT AS ,MR4 ,MAL?US SUPPOSES1 BY AN IMPULSE1 SIMIL> TO ?AT ( HUNG]1 & EQUALLY WILD = ITS GRATIFICATION4 ,IT ANSW]S BETT] TO ! APO/OLICAL DESCRIPTION ( *>ITY1 OR LOVE4 0,IT SUFF]E? LONG1 & IS K9D4 ,IT BE>E? ALL ?+S1 BELIEVE? ALL ?+S1 HOPE? ALL ?+S1 5DURE? ALL ?+S40 ,IT TRANQUILLY PO/PONES ITS PURPOSES FROM MON? TO MON?1 & FROM YE> TO YE>3 BUT !Y >E NOT ! LESS FIRMLY FIX$3 & BO? MAN & WOMAN >E 9TIMATELY CONV9C$1 ?AT !Y HAVE NOT FULFILL$ ! 5DS ( !IR BE+1 NOR HAD A REAL EXP]I5CE ( ! PRIVILEGES ( HUMAN EXI/5CE1 )\T HAV+ 5T]$ 9TO ! TIES1 & P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! DELI<TS ( DOME/IC LIFE4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahai 3 ,BOOK #b1 ,*APT] #i -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #b1 ,*APT] #i -- ,ADD$4 

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