,PREFACE 

#ahbahb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,GODW91 ,WILLIAM4 ,( ,POPULATION4 ,LONDON3 ,LONGMAN1 ,HUR/1 ,REES1 ,ORME & ,BR[N1 ,PAT]NO/] ,R[1 #a#h#b4 

,P,R,E,F,A,C,E4 

,IT HAPP5S TO M5 SOMETIMES1 :]E !Y HAD IT 9 !IR ?\<TS TO SET =W>D & ADVANCE SOME MI<TY B5EFIT TO !IR FELL[ CREATURES1 NOT M]ELY TO FAIL 9 GIV+ SUB/ANCE & EFFICACY TO ! S5TIM5T ?AT ANIMAT$ !M1 BUT ALSO TO REALIZE & BR+ ON SOME 9JURY TO ! P>TY !Y PURPOS$ TO S]VE4 ,SU* IS MY CASE1 IF ! SPECULATIONS ?AT HAVE N[ BE5 CURR5T = NE>LY TW5TY YE>S1 & :I* HAD SC>CELY BE5 HE>D ( BE=E1 >E TO BE H5CE=? ADMITT$1 AS =M+ AN ESS5TIAL BRAN* ( ! SCI5CE ( POLITICS4 

,:5 ,I WROTE MY ,9QUIRY CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 ,I FLATT]$ MYSELF ?AT !RE WAS NO MEAN PROBABILITY ?AT ,I %\LD R5D] AN IMPORTANT S]VICE TO MANK9D4 ,I HAD W>M$ MY M9D ) ALL ?AT WAS GREAT & ILLU/RI\S 9 ! REPUBLICS ( ,GREECE & ,ROME1 :I* HAD BE5 FAVORITE SUBJECTS ( M$ITATION ) ME1 ALMO/ FROM MY 9FANCY4 ,I BECAME FUR!R ANIMAT$ BY ! SPECTACLE ( ! ,REVOLUTIONS ( ,AM]ICA & ,FRANCE1 ! =M] ( :I* COMM5C$ :5 ,I WAS JU/ TW5TY YE>S ( AGE1 .<?\< ,I NEV] APPROV$ ( ! MODE 9 :I* ! LATT] WAS EFFECT$1 & ! EXCESSES :I* TO A C]TA9 DEGREE M>K$ ITS V]Y BEG9N+.> & BY ! SPECULATIONS1 :I* 9 ,5GL&1 & O!R P>TS ( ,EUROPE1 AMONG LE>N$ M5 & PHILOSOPH]S1 PREC$$1 & CONTRIBUT$ TO1 & HAVE 9 SOME MEASURE ATT5D$ UPON1 & ACCOMPANI$1 EV]Y /EP ( !SE EV5TS4 ,I ?\<T IT WAS POSSIBLE TO COLLECT :ATEV] EXI/$ ?AT WAS BE/ & MO/ LIB]AL 9 ! SCI5CE ( POLITICS1 TO COND5SE IT1 TO >RANGE IT MORE 9TO A SY/EM1 & TO C>RY IT SOME:AT F>!R1 ?AN HAD BE5 DONE BY ANY PREC$+ WRIT]4 

,! BOOK ,I PRODUC$ SEEM$ = SOME TIME FULLY TO ANSW] 9 ITS EFFECTS ! MO/ SANGU9E EXPECTATIONS ,I HAD CONCEIV$ FROM IT4 ,I C\LD NOT COMPLA9 ?AT IT 0FELL DEAD-BORN FROM ! PRESS10 OR ?AT IT DID NOT AWAK5 A CONSID]ABLE CURIOSITY AMONG MY C\NTRYM54 ,I WAS NEV] WEAK 5\< TO SUPPOSE1 ?AT IT W\LD IMM$IATELY SWEEP AWAY ALL ]ROR BE=E IT1 LIKE A MI<TY 9FLUX ( ! WAVES ( ! OCEAN4 ,I HAIL$ ! OPPOSITION IT 5C\NT]$1 DIRECT & 9DIRECT1 >GUM5TATIVE & SCURRIL\S1 AS A SYMPTOM 7WE WILL SUPPOSE1 NOT ALTOGE!R UNEQUIVOCAL7 ( ! RESULT ,I SO E>NE/LY DESIR$4 ,AMONG O!R PH5OM5A ( ! K9D1 ,I HAIL$ ! ATTACK ( ,MR4 ,MAL?US4 ,I BELIEV$1 ?AT ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 LIKE O!R ]RONE\S & EXAGG]AT$ REPRES5TATIONS ( ?+S1 W\LD SOON F9D ITS [N LEVEL4 

,9 ?IS ,I HAVE BE5 HI!RTO DISAPPO9T$4 ,IT W\LD BE EASY TO ASSIGN ! CAUSES ( MY DISAPPO9TM5T2 ! DEGREE 9 :I*1 BY ! NECESSITY ( ! CASE1 ! !ORY ( ?IS WRIT] FLATT]$ ! VISES & CORRUPTION ( ! RI* & GREAT1 & ! EAG] PATRONAGE IT MI<T V]Y NATURALLY BE EXPECT$ TO OBTA9 FROM !M3 BUT ?IS MAKES NO P>T ( :AT IT IS MY PURPOSE TO SAY4 ,F9D+ !RE=E1 ?AT :ATEV] >GUM5TS HAVE BE5 PRODUC$ AGA9/ IT BY O!RS1 IT /ILL HOLDS ON ITS PROSP]\S C>E]1 & HAS NOT LONG S9CE APPE>$ 9 ! IMPRESSIVE >RAY ( A ,FIF? ,$ITION1 ,I CANNOT BE CONT5T$ TO GO \T ( ! WORLD1 )\T ATTEMPT+ TO PUT 9TO A P]MAN5T =M :AT HAS OCCURR$ TO ME ON ! SUBJECT4 ,I WAS SOMETIMES IDLE 5\< TO SUPPOSE1 ?AT ,I HAD DONE MY P>T1 9 PRODUC+ ! BOOK ?AT HAD GIV5 OCCASION TO ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S ,ESSAYA1 & ?AT ,I MI<T SAFELY LEAVE ! COMP>ATIVELY EASY TASK1 AS IT SEEM$1 ( DEMOLI%+ ! 0,PR9CIPLE ( ,POPULATION10 TO SOME ONE ( ! M5 :O HAVE RIS5 TO MATURITY S9CE ,I PRODUC$ MY MO/ CONSID]ABLE P]=MANCE4 ,BUT ,I CAN REFRA9 NO LONG]4 0,I WILL ALSO ANSW] MY P>T2 ,I LIKEWISE WILL %EW MY OP9ION3 = ,I AM FULL ( MATT]2 & ! SPIRIT )9 ME CON/RA9E? ME40 

,?IS IS A TASK 9 :I* ,I AM ! MORE B\ND TO 5GAGE1 BECAUSE1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 IF ! DOGMAS :I* >E N[ AFLOAT ON ! SUBJECT ( POPULATION >E TO BECOME P]MAN5T1 ,I HAVE1 9/EAD ( CONTRIBUT+ AS ,I DESIR$ TO ! IMPROVEM5T ( SOCIETY1 BECOME1 V]Y UN9T5TIONALLY1 ! OCCASION ( PLAC+ A B> UPON ALL IMPROVEM5TS TO COME1 & BR++ 9TO DISCR$IT ALL IMPROVEM5TS ?AT >E PA/4 ,IF ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S WAY ( REASON+ ONLY T5D$ TO ! OV]?R[ ( :AT MANY WILL CALL 0! VISION>Y SPECULATIONS0 ( ! ,9QUIRY CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 ! CASE W\LD HAVE BE5 DIFF]5T4 ,I MI<T HAVE GONE TO MY GRAVE ) ! DISGRACE1 TO :ATEV] ?AT MI<T AM\NT1 ( HAV+ ]ECT$ CA/LES 9 ! AIR1 = ! B5EFIT1 NOT ( MYSELF1 BUT ( MY SPECIES1 & ( !N SEE+ !M BATT]$ TO PIECES BE=E MY FACE4 ,BUT ,I CANNOT CONS5T TO CLOSE MY EYES = EV]1 ) ! JUDGM5T1 AS ! MATT] N[ SEEMS TO /&1 RECORD$ ON MY TOMB1 ?AT1 9 ATTEMPT+ ONE FUR!R ADVANCE 9 ! R\TE ( IMPROVEM5T1 ,I %\LD HAVE BR\<T ON ! DE/RUCTION ( ALL ?AT ,SOLON1 & ,PLATO1 & ,MONTESQUIEU1 & ,SIDNEY1 9 ANCI5T TIMES1 & 9 A =M] AGE1 HAD SEEM$ TO HAVE EFFECT$ = ! R$EMPTION & ! ELEVATION ( MANK9D4 

,IT IS NOT A LITTLE EXTRAORD9>Y1 ?AT ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S BOOK %\LD N[ HAVE BE5 TW5TY YE>S BE=E ! PUBLIC1 )\T ANY ONE1 SO F> AS ,I KN[1 HAV+ ATTEMPT$ A REFUTATION ( HIS MA9 PR9CIPLE4 ,IT WAS EASY = M5 ( A G5]\S TEMP] TO V5T !IR HORROR AT ! REVOLT+ NATURE ( ! CONCLUSIONS HE DREW FROM HIS PR9CIPLE2 & ?IS IS NE>LY ALL ?AT HAS BE5 DONE4 ,?AT PR9CIPLE IS DELIV]$ BY HIM 9 ! MO/ CONCISE & SUMM>Y MANN]4 ,HE SAYS1 ?AT HE 0CONSID]$ IT AS E/ABLI%$ 9 ! FIR/ SIX PAGES4 ,! ,AM]ICAN 9CREASE WAS RELAT$ .<9 ?REE L9ES.>2 & ! GEOMETRICAL RATIO WAS PROV$B40 ,N[1 IT /&S \T BROADLY TO ! COMMON S5SE ( MANK9D1 ?AT ?IS WAS PROV+ NO?+4 ,POPULATION1 & ! DESC5T1 & 9CREASE OR O!RWISE1 ( ONE G5]ATION ( MANK9D AFT] ANO!R1 IS NOT A SUBJECT ( SU* WOND]FUL SIMPLICITY1 AS TO BE ?US E/ABLI%$4 ,IT IS 9 REALITY ! COMPLEXITY & ?ORN9ESS ( ! QUE/ION1 ?AT HAVE HAD ! EFFECT ( SIL5C+ ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S ADV]S>IES RESPECT+ IT4 ,!Y SEEM ) ONE CONS5T TO HAVE %RUNK FROM A TOPIC1 :I* REQUIR$ SO MU* PATI5T 9VE/IGATION4 ,9 ! MID/ ( ?IS G5]AL DES]TION ( ! PUBLIC 9T]E/1 ,I HAVE V5TUR$ TO PLACE MYSELF 9 ! BREA*4 ,) :AT SUCCESS IT IS = O!RS TO JUDGE4 

,IT MAY SEEM /RANGE1 ?AT :AT WAS SO SUMM>ILY /AT$1 & SUCCESSFULLY ASS]T$1 BY ,MR4 ,MAL?US1 %\LD REQUIRE SO MU* RESE>* & LABOR TO OV]?R[4 ,! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION HAS SET UP A NAK$ ASS]TION2 NO MORE4 ,I MI<T HAVE MADE A CONTRADICTORY ASS]TION 2 &1 EQUITABLY SPEAK+1 ! MATT] WAS BALANC$1 & :AT ,MR4 ,MAL?US BAD WRITT5 \<T TO GO = NO?+4 ,BUT ?IS W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ! CASE4 0,POSSESSION10 SAYS ! OLD PROV]B1 0IS N9E PO9TS ( ! LAW20 & ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION BAD GOTT5 POSSESSION ( ! PUBLIC M9D4 ,?IS AU?OR 5T]$ ON A DES]T L&1 &1 LIKE ! FIR/ DISCOV]]S ( C\NTRIES1 SET UP A SYMBOL ( OCCUPATION1 & )\T FUR!R C]EMONY SAID1 0,IT IS M9E40 ,HIS TASK WAS EASY3 HE GAVE ! WORD2 HIS VESSEL WAS LAUN*$1 & HIS VOYAGE COMPLET$4 ,LIKE ,CYMO*LES 9 ! ,FAIRY ,QUE51 HE C\LD SAY1 

,MY W&]+ %IP ,I R[1 

,?AT KN[S H] PORT1 & ?I!R SAILS BY AIM 2 

 ,NE C>E1 NE FE> ,I1 H[ ! W9D DO BL[ 2 

,BO? SWIFT & SL[ ALIKE DO S]VE MY TURN4 

,BUT ! TASK 9 :I* ,I HAVE 5GAG$ HAS BE5 ( A DIFF]5T SORT4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y ?AT MY ADVANCES %\LD BE SL[1 & MY =CES FIRM4 ,IT WAS M9E1 NOT ONLY TO DISLODGE ! USURP]FROM HIS FA/NESSES & RETREATS2 BUT FUR!R1 BY PATI5T EX]TIONS1 & EMPLOY+ ! MO/ SOLID MAT]IALS1 TO BUILD UP A ,PH>OS1 ?AT ! S9C]E 5QUIR] MI<T NO LONG] W&] 9 ! D>K1 >ID BE LIABLE TO BE GUID$ BY ! FIR/ D>+ ADV5TUR] ?AT W\LD LEAD HIM 9TO ! PA?S ( ]ROR & DE/RUCTION4 

,I BEG LEAVE TO REPEAT ONE PASSAGE H]E FROM ! 5SU+ VOLUME1C AS CONTA9+ A ?\<T V]Y PROP] TO BE PRES5T$ TO ! READ] 9 ! \TSET ( ! 9QUIRY4 0,IF ,AM]ICA HAD NEV] BE5 DISCOV]$1 ! GEOMETRICAL RATIO1 AS APPLI$ TO ! MULTIPLICATION ( MANK9D1 W\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 KN[N4 ,IF ! ,BRITI% COLONIES HAD NEV] BE5 PLANT$1 ,MR4 ,MAL?US W\LD NEV] HAVE WRITT54 ,! HUMAN SPECIES MI<T HAVE P]I%$ ( A LONG OLD AGE1 A FATE TO :I* P]HAPS ALL SUBLUN>Y ?+S >E SUBJECT AT LA/1 )\T ONE /ATESMAN OR ONE LEGISLATOR1 ?R\< MYRIADS ( C5TURIES1 HAV+ SUSPECT$ ?IS DANG]\S T5D5CY TO 9CREASE1 '9 COMP>ISON ) :I* HUMAN 9/ITUTIONS1 H[EV] !Y MAY APPE> TO BE CAUSES ( MU* MIS*IEF TO SOCIETY1 >E M]E FEA!RSD4'0 

,9 ! FOLL[+ PAGES ,I CONF9E MYSELF /RICTLY TO ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S BOOK1 & ! QUE/ION :I* HE HAS BR\<T UND] CONSID]ATION4 ,MY BITT]E/ 5EMY WILL H>DLY BE ABLE TO F9D 9 ?IS VOLUME ! AU?OR ( ! ,9QUIRY CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE4 ,I HAVE SC>CELY ALL[$ MYSELF TO RECOLLECT ! BEAUTIFUL VISIONS 7IF !Y %ALL TURN \T TO BE VISIONS71 :I* 5*ANT$ MY S\L1 & ANIMAT$ MY P51 :ILE WRIT+ ?AT WORK4 ,I CONCEIV$ ?AT ANY DI/9CT REF]5CE TO :AT IS !RE TREAT$ (1 W\LD BE =EIGN TO ! SUBJECT :I* IS N[ BE=E ME4 ,! 9VE/IGATION ( ! P[] ( 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB]S ( MANK9D1 MU/ BE 9T]E/+ TO EV]Y ONE TO :OM ! HUMAN SPECIES & HUMAN SOCIETY APPE> TO BE MATT]S ( S]I\S CONC]N3 & ,I %\LD HAVE ?\<T ?AT ,I WAS GUILTY ( A SORT ( TREASON AGA9/ ?AT 9T]E/1 IF ,I HAD UNNECESS>ILY OBTRUD$ 9TO ! DISCUSSION ANY ?+ ?AT C\LD %OCK ! PREJUDICES1 OR 9SULT ! VIEWS1 ( ?OSE :OSE CONCEPTIONS ( POLITICAL TRU? MI<TY BE MO/ DIFF]5T FROM MY [N4 

,I AM C]TA9LY V]Y SORRY ?AT ,I WAS NOT SOON] 9 POSSESSION ( ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S CALCULATION = PEOPL+ ! :OLE VISIBLE UNIV]SE ) HUMAN BE+S AT ! RATE ( F\R M5 TO EV]Y SQU>E Y>D1 CONTA9$ 9 HIS ,PR9CIPLES ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMYE4 ,A CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( MY WORK WAS PR9T$1 BE=E ! APPE>ANCE ( ?AT VOLUME4 ,SEV]AL PASSAGES 9 !SE %EETS WILL READ COMP>ATIVELY FLAT & TAME1 = W5T ( ! ASSI/ANCE ( ?IS HAPPY R$UCTIO AD ABSURDUM FROM ! P5 ( ! AU?OR4 

,I CANNOT CLOSE !SE FEW PAGES ( ,PREFACE1 )\T TE/IFY+ MY OBLIGATIONS TO ONE FRI5D 9 P>TICUL>1 ,MR4 ,DAVID ,BOO?1 =M]LY ( ,NEWBUR< 9 ! C\NTY ( ,FIFE1 N[ ( ,LONDON4 ,)\T ! 5C\RAGEM5T & PRESS+ 9/ANCES ( ?IS G5TLEMAN MY WORK W\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 BEGUN2 & ! MA9 >GUM5T ( ! ,SECOND ,BOOK IS ( HIS SUGGE/+4 ,BUT 9DE$ ! H9TS & MAT]IALS = ILLU/RATION ,I HAVE D]IV$ FROM HIS CONV]SATION >E 9NUM]ABLE2 & HIS MA!MATICAL SKILL ASSI/$ MY 9VE/IGATIONS1 9 PO9TS 9 :I* MY HABITS = MANY YE>S1 W]E LEA/ FAVORABLE TO MY UND]TAK+4--,IT IS FUR!R NECESS>Y ,I %\LD ADD1 ?AT ,MR4 ,BOO? HAS SC>CELY 9 ANY 9/ANCE 9SPECT$ MY %EETS1 & ?AT !RE=E ,I ONLY AM RESPONSIBLE = ANY ]RORS !Y MAY CONTA94 

,! READ] WILL F9D1 ANNEX$ TO ! 5D ( ! ,SECOND ,BOOK1 A ,DISS]TATION ON ! ,RATIOS ( ,9CREASE 9 ,POPULATION1 & 9 ! ,MEANS ( ,SUBSI/5CE1 :I* ?AT G5TLEMAN HAD ! GOODNESS TO SUPPLY TO ME4 

,?IS IS ALL ?AT IS NECESS>Y = ME TO SAY 9 ! WAY ( ,PREFACE4 ,EXCEPT ?AT ,I FEEL PROMPT$ TO MAKE MY APOLOGY 9 ?IS PLACE1 IF ,I %ALL APPE> ANY :]E TO HAVE BE5 HURRI$ 9TO UNDUE W>M?4 ,I KN[ H[ EASILY ?IS S9 IS ACCU/OM$ TO BESET ALL CONTROV]SIAL WRIT]S4 ,I HOLD ,MR4 ,MAL?US 9 ALL DUE RESPECT1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT ,I WILL+LY PLEAD GUILTY TO ! *>GE ( REG>D+ HIS DOCTR9ES ) 9EXPRESSIBLE ABBORR5CE4 ,I FULLY ADMIT H[EV] ! GOOD 9T5TIONS ( ! AU?OR ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 & *E]FULLY SEIZE ?IS OCCASION TO TE/IFY MY BELIEF 9 HIS HONORABLE *>ACT]1 & HIS UNBLEMI%$ MANN]S4 

,L,O,N,D,O,N1  

,OCTOB] #b#a1 #a#h#b4 

   

,FOOTNOTES 

A ,IT IS /AT$ 9 ! FRONT ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 ?AT IT IS TO MY WRIT+S ?AT ! WORK IS 9DEBT$ = ITS ORIG94 

B ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 ,VOL4 ,I,I,I1 P4 #c#d#d1 NOTE4 

C ,P4 #a#c#i1 #a#d4 

D ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 ,FIR/ ,$ITION1 P4 #a#g#g2 ,FIF? ,$ITION1 ,VOL4 ,I,I1 P4 #b#d#f4 

E ,SEE BEL[1 P4 #a#c#e1 ET SEQQ4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahai 3 ,PREFACE -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,PREFACE -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/