,( ! ,ORIG9S ( ,ORNAM5TAL ,>T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,P]HAPS IT MAY AT FIR/ SI<T SEEM TO SOME ( Y\ ?AT ORNAM5TAL >T IS NO V]Y 
      IMPORTANT SUBJECT1 & ?AT IT IS NO GREAT MATT] :AT ITS ORIG9S W]E3 BUT ,I HOPE 
      TO %[ Y\ BE=E ,I HAVE DONE ?AT IT IS A SUBJECT ( V]Y GREAT IMPORTANCE1 & 
      ?AT IT IS WELL WOR? :ILE TO CONSID] :AT ITS ORIG9S W]E1 S9CE IT MAY LEAD US 
      TO F9D+ \T :AT ITS AIMS >E1 OR %\LD BE2 :I* 9 ITS TURN MAY LEAD US TO 
      ?9K+ ( MATT]S ( ! DEEPE/ IMPORTANCE4 
     
     

      ,FIR/ ( ALL ,I MU/ SAY ?AT ?\< ! PHRASE IS G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ IT IS NOT A 
      GOOD OR DESCRIPTIVE ONE2 = ALL >T %\LD BE ORNAM5TAL1 & :5 IT IS NOT 
      ORNAM5TAL1 & 9 ! DEGREE 9 :I* IT IS NOT1 IT FAILS ( A P>T ( ITS 
      PURPOSE3 H[EV]1 ! PHRASE IS US$1 & UND]/OOD TO MEAN A C]TA9 K9D ( >T 
      O!R ?AN PICTURES OR SCULPTURES :I* TELL A DEF9ITE /ORY & >E MEANT TO 
      REPRES5T ACCORD+ TO SOME /&>D OR ANO!R C]TA9 FACTS ( EXT]NAL NATURE4 
     
     

      ,:AT !N IS ?IS BODY ( >T :I* IS SOME?+ DIFF]5T FROM :AT WE N[ADAYS 
      CALL PICTURES & SCULPTURE8 
     
     

      ,IT IS ! >T ( ! PEOPLE3 ! >T PRODUC$ BY ! DAILY LABOR ( ALL K9DS ( 
      M5 = ! DAILY USE ( ALL K9DS ( M53 SURELY !RE=E WE MAY AT ! \TSET 
      SUPPOSE ?AT IT IS ( IMPORTANCE TO ! RACE ( MAN1 S9CE ON ALL SIDES IT 
      SURR\NDS \R LIFE & \R WORK4 
     
     

      ,:AT IS ! 5D & AIM ( HUMAN LABOR8 ,IS IT NOT FIR/ ! CONT9UANCE1 & NEXT 
      ! ELEVATION ( ! HUMAN RACE8 ,IF !RE=E IT HAS GONE A/RAY AT ANY TIME FROM 
      ITS DUE AIM1 & NO ONE SURELY WILL BE SO RA% AS TO SAY ?AT IT NEV] HAS1 IT HAS 
      ]R$ 9 TURN+ ITS =CE TO ! PRODUCTION ( ?+S :I* >E NOT USEFUL EI!R 
      = ! CONT9UANCE OR ! ELEVATION ( ! RACE ( MAN4 
     
     

      ,LET US CONSID] !N :AT ?+S HUMAN LABOR PRODUCES = ! S]VICE ( ! 
      WORLD4 ,BROADLY SPEAK+ !Y MAY BE DIVID$ 9TO TWO K9DS FIR/ ?OSE :I* S]VE 
      ! NE$S ( ! BODY1 & SECOND ?OSE :I* S]VE ! NE$S ( ! M9D3 SU* 
      ?+S AS FOOD1 RAIM5T1 & %ELT]1 & ! TOOLS = OBTA9+ !SE ON ! ONE 
      H&1 & ON ! O!R1 POETRY1 MUSIC1 ! /OR$-UP KN[L$GE ( ! FA%ION ( 
      ! UNIV]SE :I* WE CALL SCI5CE1 & ( ! DE$S ( M5 ON ! E>? :I* WE 
      CALL HI/ORY1 & ALSO ! PICTUR$ REPRES5TATIONS ( ?AT HI/ORY H[EV] 
      WR\<T4 
     
     

      ,!SE TWO K9DS ( PRODUCTIONS1 BETWE5 !M MAKE UP ! WEAL? ( ! WORLD2 ! 
      ?+S ?AT >E MADE TO SATISFY ! NECESSITIES ( A HEAL?Y BODY & A HEAL?Y 
      M9D4 
     
     

      ,BUT FUR!RMORE ! WEAL? MADE = ! S]VICE ( ! BODY CAN AGA9 DEF9ITELY BE 
      DIVID$ 9TO ?OSE ?+S :I* P]I% AT ONCE 9 ! US+1 AS FOOD & FUEL & 
      ! LIKE1 & ?OSE :I* >E MADE TO LA/ SOME TIME & S]VE \R NE$S DAY AFT] 
      DAY OR YE> AFT] YE>1 AS RAIM5T & H\SES & SO =?4 
     
     

      ,H]E !N Y\ SEE BETWE5 ! RUDE >TS1 :OSE 5D IS ! PRODUCTION ( M]E FOOD 
      & RAW MAT]IAL1 & ! EXALT$ >TS1 :I* %\LD SATISFY ! CRAV+S ( \R 
      M9DS1 LIES A MASS ( WEAL?-PRODUC+ LABOR ( A SPECIAL *>ACT]1 :I* IS ?AT 
      SIDE ( HUMAN LABOR TO :I* ,I WI% SPECIALLY TO DRAW Y\ ATT5TION TONI<T2 ?IS 
      LABOR IS CALL$ 9 :AT ,I %\LD ALMO/ V5TURE TO NAME \R MOD]N J>GON ! 
      ,9DU/RIAL ,>TS4 
     
     

      ,N[ ALL ! ?+S PRODUC$ BY !SE >TS OR CRAFTS MI<T BE MADE )\T ANY 
      REF]5CE TO ANY?+ BUT !IR FIR/ OBVI\S USE3 ! H\SE MI<T HAVE BE5 JU/ 
      SO MANY WALLS & SO MU* RO(3 SO MU* /ONE & TIMB]1 UNC>V$1 UNM\LD$1 
      UNPA9T$ 7EXCEPT = WEA!R-DEF5SE72 ! CUP MI<T HAVE TAK5 ! FIR/ 
      CONV5I5T =M IT W\LD FROM ! POTT]'S H&2 ! CLO? MI<T HAVE REMA9$ 
      UNDY$1 UNFIGUR$1 & 9 ALL ?IS MAN'S BODIES W\LD HAVE FELT NO LACK2 :ILE 
      !IR M9DS W\LD HAVE BE5 FREE TO EX]CISE !MSELVES ) MUSIC & POETRY & 
      PICTUR$ IMAGES ( ! PA/1 OR ) ! GA!R+ ( ! KN[L$GE ( :AT IS & 
      :AT HAS BE54 
     
     

      ,BUT M5 W\LD NOT HAVE IT SO2 FROM ! V]Y FIR/ !Y HAVE /RIV5 TO MAKE !IR 
      H\SEHOLD & P]SONAL GOODS BEAUTIFUL AS WELL AS USEFUL2 ! RUDE/ SAVAGE NO 
      SOON] LE>NS H[ TO MAKE ANY?+ ?AN HE LE>NS ALSO H[ TO ORNAM5T IT3 BE=E 
      ! E>LIE/ DAWN ( HI/ORY ?IS 9/9CT = ORNAM5T EXI/$ AS CLE>LY AS IT 
      DID 9 ! PALMY DAYS ( ,ITALIAN >T3 AS Y\ KN[ IMPLEM5TS EXI/ ( M5 :O DWELT 
      9 ,EUROPE AGES BE=E ANY ( ! RACES WE NAME N[1 ON :I* W]E C>V$1 ) NO 
      LITTLE SKILL1 ! =MS ( ! BEA/S ( ! =E/S !Y W&]$ 91 & 9 :I* 
      LIFE MU/ HAVE BE5 SO H>D & BESET ) SO MANY DANG]S ?AT WE MAY WELL WOND] 
      ?AT !Y HAD TIME OR C\RAGE TO ?9K AB\T AGE3 SO DIV9E A ?+ IS ! SP>K ( 
      HUMAN 9TELLIG5CE4 
     
     

      ,:AT DOES ALL ?IS MEAN8 :Y DID !Y DO IT & TAKE ALL ?IS TR\BLE8 ,:O TAU<T 
      !M8 
     
     

      ,9DE$ !IR TEA*] IS NOT F> TO SEEK3 :ATEV] LIV$ OR GREW AB\T !M3 NAY ! 
      M\NTA9S1 ! ROCKS !MSELVES1 ! ^*BONES ( ! E>?' AS ! ,NOR?M5 CALL$ 
      !M1 HAD SOME?+ AB\T !M :I* !Y MU/ HAVE DIMLY KN[N = BEAUTY2 ! 
      ?+S :I* W]E USEFUL TO !M = FOOD & FUEL & CLO!S W]E ORNAM5T$3 ! 
      DAY & ! NI<T1 SUNRISE & SUNSET :I* %[$ TO !IR DIM M9DS AS BE+S ( 
      PASSIONS LIKE !MSELVES2 ! S]P5T :OSE LURK+ MALICE & SWIFT WRA? !Y 
      FE>$1 & :OM !Y WOR%IP$ LE/ HE %\LD SLAY !M3 ALL !SE HAD BE5 
      FA%ION$ FAIR & LOVELY BY =CES ( :I* !Y KNEW NO?+3 & !Y1 ! 
      LATE/-BORN & MAYBE ! MO/ T]RIBLE =CE ( NATURE1 H[ C\LD !Y *OOSE BUT 
      TAKE UP ! L9KS ( ! *A9 & WORK AS NATURE WORK$ AB\T !M3 MANY ?+S 
      %E COMPELL$ !M TO1 & ?IS ALSO4 
     
     

      ,?IS !N WAS ! BIR? ( POPUL> OR ORNAM5TAL >T1 ! BIR? ( MAN'S 
      9TELLIG5CE4 
     
     

      ,N[ ! WORKS ( >T ,I HAVE JU/ BE5 ALLUD+ TO BELONG TO TIMES ( :OSE HI/ORY 
      !Y ALONE GIVE US ANY GLIMPSE1 & WE CAN HAVE BUT A FA9T IDEA ( ANY?+ ?AT 
      MI<T HAVE GONE ON BETWE5 ?OSE DAYS & ! DAWN ( HI/ORY1 ! DAWN ( 
      CIVILIZATION3 ( ?AT DAWN ITSELF WE KN[ BUT LITTLE 9DE$1 YET >E TO A C]TA9 
      EXT5T HELP$ \T BY ! CONSID]ATION ( ! V>I\S BACKW>D PEOPLES ( \R TIME1 
      SOME ( :OM AT LEA/ ONE CANNOT HELP ?9K+ MI<T HAVE HAD A *ANCE ( 
      DEVELOP+ GRADUALLY 9TO A CONDITION SOME:AT LIKE \R PA/ CIVILIZATION IF IT HAD 
      .<NOT.> BE5 !IR DOOM TO BE BORN 9TO ! WORLD AT A TIME :5 CIVILIZATION HAS 
      TAK5 ! =M :I* IS HAS N[2 ! COMM]CIAL =M1 UND] :I* ALL ,SOCIETY RE/S 
      ON A GIGANTIC SY/EM ( USURY1 PITILESS & IMPLACABLE1 :I* IS PREP>$ TO CRU% 
      \T ( EXI/5CE ALL PEOPLES & COMMUNITIES ?AT CANNOT SPE$ILY ADAPT !MSELVES 
      TO ITS LAWS4 
     
     

      ,H[EV] ?AT MAY BE WE CAN LE>N SOME?+ FROM !SE SURVIVALS1 IF SO !Y BE1 
      FROM ! E>LI] CONDITIONS ( ! WORLD JO9$ TO ! FEW HI/ORICAL H9TS WE HAVE 
      LEFT ( ?AT E>LI] CONDITION1 ( ! DAWN ( HI/ORY3 ! LESSON !Y TEA* US AS 
      TO ! GR[? ( POPUL> >T SEEMS TO ME TO BE SOME?+ LIKE ?IS3 ! P]IOD IS 
      ?AT ( A /ATE ( ?+S :5 ,SOCIETY HAS BEGUN1 :5 EV]Y MAN HAS HAD TO GIVE UP 
      SOME ( HIS 9DIVIDUALITY = ! SAKE ( ! ADVANCEM5T ( ! :OLE COMMUNITY3 
      9 ?AT COMMUNITY DIVISION ( LABOR HAS BEGUN1 ?\< !RE IS NONE ( IT - OR 
      SC>CELY ANY - 9 EA* OCCUPATION3 A MAN HAS NO LONG] TO BE HIS [N PROVID] 9 
      EV]Y?+2 ! /RONG & Y\NG F>E AFIELD TO HUNT OR FI%1 OR H]D ! BEA/S ( 
      ! COMMUNITY1 OR DIG & S[ & H>VE/ 9 ! /RIP ( COMMUNAL TILLAGE1 :ILE 
      ! WEAK1 ! WOM51 & ! CRIPPLES /AY AT HOME TO LABOR AT ! LOOM OR ! 
      :EEL1 OR ! /I?Y4 ,SO F> AT LEA/ HAS ! DIVISION ( LABOR GONE4 ,N[1 R\< 
      AS ! HUNT]'S LIFE MAY BE1 HE WILL HAVE HIS JOYS H[EV] FI]CE & RUDE 9 HIS 
      CONT5TION ) W9D & WEA!R1 HIS /EAL?Y WAT*+ & F9AL VICTORY OV] ! 
      QU>RY3 & ! H]DSMAN & TILL]1 AL?\< HE HAS TO TAKE HIS %>E ( R\< 
      TORM5T FROM /ORM & FRO/ & SUN1 YET HAS HIS EYES ON BEAUTIFUL ?+S =EV]1 
      & HIS E>S (T5 DELI<T$ BY ! MULTITUD9\S VOICE ( NATURE AS HE GOES TO & 
      FRO ?R\< ! *ANGES ( ! YE>1 NURS+ HIS HOPE ( ! H>VE/ :I* IS TO 
      BE4 ,) ALL SU* M51 HUNT]S1 FI%]S1 H]DSM51 & HUSB&M51 IT WAS WELL1 & 
      /ILL MAY BE1 IF !Y >E NOT OPPRESS$1 BUT >E ALL[$ TO HAVE !IR DUE %>E ( 
      ! GOODS :I* !Y HAVE TOIL$ TO PRODUCE4 
     
     

      ,BUT H[ DID IT F>E ) !IR BRE?R51 :O SAT )9 DOORS1 PAL$ BY ! LACK ( 
      SUN1 D[N-HE>T$ FROM WANT ( AIR1 ) NO EXCITEM5T OR PROMISE ( VICTORY TO 
      /IR !IR BLOOD2 SURR\ND$ BY ! BLUND]S1 ! CLUMS9ESS1 & ! SQUALOR ( 
      MAN 9/EAD ( ! ORD]1 DEFTNESS1 & BEAUTY ( NATURE3 H>D 9DE$ IT SEEMS IT 
      MU/ BE = !M TO =EGO ALL ! BRISK LIFE & /IR :ILE !Y SIT B[$ OV] 
      ! LOOM & EV]Y M9UTE'S WORK IS LIKE ?AT ( EV]Y O!R M9UTE1 NO *ANGE OR 
      HOPE BUT 9 F9I%+ ! WEB ?AT !Y MAY BEG9 ANO!R2 OR TO KEEP = EV] 
      MOLD+ ! POT ( UGLY GRAY OR BR[N CLAY1 NO ONE ( :I* IS BETT] OR WORSE 
      ?AN ANO!R 7UNLESS IT BE QUITE SPOIL$73 OR TO HAVE NO AIM BE=E !M AS !Y 
      BEGRIME !MSELVES 9 ! /I?Y BUT TO MAKE A KNIFE ?AT WILL CUT LIKE EV]YBODY 
      ELSE'S KNIFE3 IT IS H>D ?AT !Y %\LD BE UNWILL+ M>TYRS TO ! COM=T ( 
      ! COMMONWEAL? :ILE O!RS W]E LEAD+ A M]RY LIFE1 ?AT !Y ALONE %\LD 
      MISS ! GLORY ( ! TALES ( P]ILS & D>+ BY FLOOD & FIELD1 OR ! %\TS 
      .<(.> LAU<T] ?AT WELCOME ! HAPPY 5D ( ! V9TAGE OR ! H>VE/4 ,!IR CASE 
      SURELY MU/ BE ?AT !Y >E ! SLAVES ( SLAVES & AS !Y SIT AT !IR DULL 
      TASKS :AT CAN !Y HOPE = SAVE ! NI<T & SLEEP 9 :I* TO DREAM ?AT !Y 
      HAVE GR[N /RONG & W>LIKE1 & ! MA/]S ( SU* AS !Y >E 9 !IR WAK+ 
      H\RS8 
     
     

      ,NAY IT WAS NOT SO BAD AS ?AT3 :ATEV] BURD5S FOLLY & TYRANNY LAID UPON MANK9D 
      9 ?OSE R\< TIMES1 ?IS BURD5 ( DULL & WA/EFUL LABOR1 UNRELIEV$ BY ANY 
      ?\<T ( :AT MI<T BE GOOD 9 ! WORK ITSELF2 UNRELIEV$ BY ANY HOPE ( PRAISE 
      = ! SPECIAL EXCELL5CE ( ! WORK1 WAS NOT LAID ON ! CRAFTSMAN = MANY 
      AGES1 EXCEPT 9 ! QUASI-P5AL LABOR :I* WAS LAID ON HO/ILE CONQU]$ TRIBES 
      UND] ! ANCI5T CIVILIZATIONS ( ,EGYPT & ,MESOPOTAMIA2 = ! MO/ P>T V]Y 
      DIFF]5T WAS ! TALE FROM ! FULL ONE ,I HAVE BE5 TELL+ (3 LABOR F\ND \T A 
      SOLACE & A GLORY = ! H&ICRAFTSMAN FROM ! E>LIE/ TIMES4 
     
     

      ,= NOTE1 ?AT ! GOODS :I* ! HUNT] & ! HUSB&MAN CONQU]$ FROM NATURE 
      MO/LY P]I%$ 9 ! US+1 UNLESS !Y W]E ( ! K9D ?AT DEM&$ MORE 
      LABOR ON !M TO MAKE !M USEFUL TO MAN3 ! HUNT] DESPOIL$ NATURE ( ! GOODS 
      %E HAD ALREADY PRODUC$2 ! HUSB&MAN HELP$ H] OR COMPELL$ H] TO YIELD MORE 
      ?AN %E WAS WILL+ TO YIELD UNHELP$ OR UNCOMPELL$2 BUT NEI!R ( !M CREAT$ 
      ANY?+ & !IR GETT+S W]E CONSUM$ 9 ! US+1 & ! FAME ( !M & 
      JOY 9 !M DI$ ) !M3 BUT ! CRAFTSMAN BY HIS LABOR FA%ION$ SOME?+ 
      :I* )\T HIM W\LD NOT HAVE EXI/$ AT ALL1 & :I* WAS DE/9$ TO LA/ 
      MANY YE>S1 NAY = G5]ATIONS EV53 SO ?AT !RE NE$$ TO BE NO HA/E NOR HURRY 
      9 HIS WORK2 HE HAD TIME TO ?9K AS HE WR\<T AT IT1 & TO :AT %\LD HE 
      5TRU/ HIS ?\<T = KEEP+ & = COMMUNICAT+ TO O!R M5 RA!R ?AN TO 
      ! WORK :I* WAS GR[+ B5EA? HIS H&S1 ! ?+ HE WAS MAK+ ( :OSE LIFE 
      HE WAS ABSOLUTE MA/]3 :]E !N WAS ! DULLNESS N[8 ,! FL[]S ( ! =E/ 
      MI<T GL[ 9 HIS WEB & ITS BEA/ MOVE OV] IT3 HIS IMAG9+S ( ! TALES ( 
      ! PRIE/S & POETS MI<T BE PICTUR$ ON ! DI% OR ! POT HE WAS FA%ION+2 
      ! SWORD HILT1 ! RO( BEAM W]E NO LONG] DEAD BRONZE & WOOD1 BUT P>T ( HIS 
      S\L MADE ALIVE =EV]3 & N[ NO DAY WAS LIKE ANO!R TO HIM3 HOPE WAS ) HIM 
      :5 HE LEFT HIS WORK 9 ! EV5+ ?AT HE MI<T M5D ! DAY'S FAILURE OR C>RY 
      ON ITS SUCCESS ! NEXT DAY3 HOPE WOO$ HIM TO HIS WORK 9 ! MORN+ & HELP$ 
      HIM ?R\< ! DAY'S WE>9ESS4 
     
     

      ,& ) ALL ?IS HE WAS GR[N TO BE NO LONG] A SLAVE ( SLAVES1 BUT A MA/]2 A 
      MAN LOOK$ UPON AS BETT] & MORE USEFUL ?AN ! HUNT] OR ! TILL] ( ! 
      SOIL1 DES]V+ ( PL5TIFUL ?ANKS FROM ! COMMUNITY4 
     
     

      ,& !SE ?ANKS1 ! GLORY = HIS CREATIONS W]E 9DE$ (T5 HIS ON /RANGE 
      T]MS1 = ! TYPE ( CRAFTSMAN WAS SOMETIMES EXALT$ TO ! RANK ( A GOD SWAY+ 
      ! T]RIBLE =CES ( NATURE2 =G+ ! BOLTS ( ! WORLD RUL]1 FA%ION+ ! 
      FURNITURE ( ! H\SE ( HEAV52 BUILD+ ! RAMP>T :I* WAS TO GU>D = AGES 
      ! HOLY CITY ( ! Y\NG] ,GODS AGA9/ ! FRO/ & FIRE GIANTS ( ! ,NOR?3 
      BUT AGA9 & NOT )\T SOME C\NT5ANCE EV5 FROM !SE OLD] MY?S 7NOTE ! 
      LAME & CRAFTY ,HEPHAE/US7 ! TYPE FALLS TO ! HALF-MALIGNANT & ALTOGE!R 
      GUILEFUL M\NTA9 SPIRIT1 CONQU]+ RA!R BY CUNN+ ?AN =CE ! HUGE GIANT 
      & MI<TY W>RIOR & /ILL FULLY POSSESS+ ! GIFT ( MIRACUL\S P[] & 
      CREATION4 
     
     

      ,( C\RSE ,I DO NOT MEAN TO SAY ?AT ! PRIM>Y 9T5TION WAS TO MAKE !SE 
      CRAFTSMAN-GODS TYPES ( LABOR2 ,HEPHAE/US1 ,?OR1 & ,WEL& HAD NO D\BT A WID] 
      & SIMPL] ORIG9 ?AN ?AT2 BUT !Y RECEIV$ ! SPECIAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! 
      LIT]>Y MY?S FROM IDEAS ( H&ICRAFT & CRAFTSM5 ?AT HAD BE5 LONG 9 M5'S 
      M9DS4 
     
     

      ,SU* !N IT SEEMS TO ME WAS ! FIR/ ORIG9 ( ORNAM5T ON W>ES3 NOT M]ELY AN 
      ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE FROM ! WE>ISOM5ESS ( LABOR1 BUT RA!R AN EXPRESSION ( 
      PLEASURE 9 ! HOPE & S5SE ( P[] & USEFULNESS :I* M5 FELT 9 ! MAK+ 
      ( ?+S 9 ! *ILDHOOD ( ! WORLD4 
     
     

      ,N[ IT HAS BE5 SAID1 & SURELY ) TRU?1 ?AT ?OSE M5 >E ! BE/ & 
      USEFULLE/ :O NEV] ALTOGE!R ?R[ (F !IR *ILDLIKE QUALITIES EV5 :5 !Y 
      >E GR[N OLD3 & ?AT SAME MAXIM ,I W\LD APPLY TO ! RACE ( MAN AS WELL AS TO 
      ! 9DIVIDUALS COMPOS+ IT2 & IF IT W]E GOOD ?AT IT %\LD BE SO 9 O!R 
      MATT]S1 & ?AT ! MIR? & SIMPLICITY ( E>LI] AGES ( ! WORLD %\LD YET 
      LEAVE SOME REFLECTION ON \R LEISURE1 /ILL MORE ,I ?9K IT IS IMPORTANT ?AT IT 
      %\LD BE PRES]V$ 9 \R WORK+ TIME4 
     
     

      ,NOR 9DE$ DID ?AT PLEASURE ( LABOR FAIL MAN = MANY AGES3 ,I ADMIT 9DE$ ?AT 
      = A LONG TIME 9 ! ANCI5T WORLD IT WAS LIMIT$ & 9DE$ OPPRESS$ BY ! 
      /]NNESS ( HI]ATIC >T2 AS NOTABLY = MANY C5TURIES 9 ,EGYPT1 :]E ! 
      M>VEL\S NATURALISM ( ITS E>LI] DAYS1 9 SOME BRAN*ES AT LEA/1 FELL UND] 
      ! YOKE ( A /IFF ?\< F> FROM IGNOBLE CONV5TIONALISM3 BUT EV5 9 ?AT 
      P]IOD WE HAVE 5\< LEFT US \TSIDE ! MORE POMP\S ORNAM5TATION ( TEMPLES & 
      TOMBS TO %[ ?AT ON MANY SIDES >T WAS /ILL FREE1 & LABOR ABUNDANTLY 
      ILLUM9AT$ BY FANCY & 9V5TION3 MU* ! SAME MAY BE SAID ( ?AT >T :I* WAS 
      PASS$ ON ?R\< ! :OLE ( ! VALLEYS ( ,TIGRIS & ,EUPHRATES & EV5 
      EXT5D$ TO ,CYPRUS & O!R ( ! ISL&S BY ! PEOPLE OR PEOPLES ( ,BABYLONIA1 
      & ( :I* HAPPY ACCID5T HAS PRES]V$ SO MANY SPECIM5S 9 RU9 M\NDS ( 
      ,ASSYRIA3 ! PLEASURE ( ! >TI/S :O WR\<T ! BAS-RELIEFS = ,ASSURBANI-PAL 
      AT ,KOYC9JIK IS TOO OBVI\S .<9.> ! %APES ( ANIMALS AT LEA/ .<=.> IT TO NE$ 
      MANY WORDS FROM ME H]E4 
     
     

      ,! FRE] PEOPLES :O =M$ :AT WAS !N ! NOR!RN & WE/]N HEM ( 
      CIVILIZATION W]E AS A MATT] ( C\RSE LESS OPPRESS$ 9 !IR >T BY HI]ATIC 
      CONV5TIONALISM1 ?\< !Y W]E NOT1 NOR 9DE$ NE$$ TO BE1 :OLLY FREE FROM 
      IT3 UND] ! CLASSICAL PEOPLES ( ANTIQUITY POPUL> >T HAD TO RUN ANO!R DANG] 
      ( SLAV]Y1 :I* 9 TRU? IT DID NOT :OLLY ESCAPE4 
     
     

      ,9 POPUL> >T ! EXPRESSION ( MAN'S ?\<TS BY HIS H& DOES = ! MO/ P>T 
      FALL F> %ORT ( ?\<TS !MSELVES2 & ?IS ALWAYS ! MORE AS ! RACE IS 
      NOBL] & ! ?\<T MORE EXALT$2 9 %ORT ALL ! MORE AS ! >T1 AS POPUL> 
      >T1 IS MORE WOR? HAV+1 AS !RE IS MORE HOPE ( CONT9U$ LIFE & PROGRESS 9 
      IT3 ,I MEAN ?AT BETWE5 ! R\<1 SPE$ILY-P5CIL$ WORK ON A PIECE ( >*AIC 
      ,GREEK POTT]Y1 OR ! %OR?& = A FIELD ( FL[]S ( ! ,P]SIAN WEAV]1 OR 
      ! R\< /ONE-CUTT+1 HALF-PA!TIC1 HALF-HUMOR\S1 ( ! M$IEVAL MASON1 
      BETWE5 !SE ?+S & ! HI<LY F9I%$ &1 9 ITS WAY1 P]FECT +5UITY ( 
      A PIECE ( ,JAPANESE DRAW+ OR LACQU]1 !RE IS A :OLE WORLD ( DIFF]5CE1 ! 
      REAL WOR? BE+ ON ! SIDE ( ! CLUMSI] EXPRESSION ( ! HI/ORIC WORKMAN4 
     
     

      ,N[ = A LONG :ILE AMONG ! ,GREEK & K9DR$ PEOPLES1 >T WAS :OLLY 9 ! 
      CONDITION ( ITS ?\<T BE+ F> GREAT] ?AN ITS EXPRESSION1 DEFT & GRACEFUL 
      7AS AMONG E>LY >T7 ?AT EXPRESSION WAS3 !N CAME A P]IOD :5 ! TE*NICAL 
      EXCELL5CE 7( ! TRUE/ K9D7 ADVANC$ ) WOND]FUL SPE$2 ! /&>D ( 
      EXCELL5CE 9 EXPRESSION GREW V]Y HI<1 & ! FEEL+ ( A PEOPLE CULTIVAT$ 
      V]Y HI<LY )9 N>R[ LIMITS BEGAN TO =BID ANY ATTEMPT AT EXPRESSION ( 
      ?\<T :I* DID NOT APPROA* )9 ! LIMITS PRESCRIB$ SOME?+ LIKE 
      P]FECTION3 NO MAN MU/ ATTEMPT TO DO ANY?+ :I* HE CANNOT DO 9 SU* A WAY 
      ?AT IT IS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO PICK A HOLE 9 ITS TE*NICAL QUALITIES3 ?US >T 
      WAS 9 ! PALMY DAYS ( ! CLASSIC TIMES DIVID$ /RICTLY 9TO A GREAT EXPRESSIVE 
      >T PRACTIC$ ONLY BY ?OSE :O HAD MA/]$ ! MEANS ( EXPRESSION1 & A V]Y 
      LIMIT$ ORNAM5TAL >T :I* WAS BUT AN ADJUNCT TO ! HI<] K9D & 9 :I* 
      !RE WAS NO?+ TO EXPRESS BUT COMPLETE SUBMISSION TO C]TA9 LIMIT$ & 
      WELL-KN[ RULES ( PROPORTION3 SU* A /ATE ( ?+S AMONG A LESS GIFT$ PEOPLE 
      W\LD HAVE GONE F> T[>DS DE/ROY+ >T ALTOGE!R2 BUT AMONG ! ,GREEKS ?IS 
      >I/OCRACY ( >T WAS SO NUM]\S AS TO GIVE US AN IMPRESSION AT ?IS DI/ANCE ( 
      TIME ( A GREAT POPUL> >T EXI/+ AMONG !M2 & D\BTLESS ! RULES ( >T 
      MU/ HAVE BE5 UNCONSCI\SLY SO WELL UND]/OOD AMONG ! POPULATION1 ?AT :AT IS 
      CALL$ N[-A-DAYS BAD TA/E DID NOT EXI/ AMONG !M AT ALL2 A CONDITION ( >T ! 
      EASI] TO BE BR\<T AB\T BECAUSE ( ! GREAT SIMPLICITY ( ! LIFE !Y L$ 9 
      :I* :AT WE N[ CALL LUXURY MADE NO P>T4 
     
     

      ,NEV]!LESS Y\ MU/ UND]/& ?AT P]FECT AS !IR >T WAS IT WAS B>B>\SLY 
      & OPPRESSIVELY LIMIT$ 9 SCOPE1 GO+ /EP BY /EP 9DE$ ) !IR SOCIAL 
      CONDITIONS ! F\NDATION ( :I* WAS M]E *ATTEL SLAV]Y3 :5 ALL IS SAID :AT 
      A MASS ( EXPRESSION ( HUMAN ?\<T1 :AT A WORLD ( BEAUTY ?AT EXCLUSIV5ESS 
      %UT \T FROM ! LI<T ( DAY4 ,ABSOLUTE P]FECTION 9 >T IS A VA9 HOPE2 ! DAY 
      WILL NEV] COME :5 ! H& ( MAN CAN ?OR\<LY EXPRESS ! BE/ ( ! 
      ?\<TS ( MAN4 ,:Y !N %\LD WE DEPRIVE \RSELVES !RE=E ( ALL ! FANCY 
      & IMAG9ATION ?AT LIES 9 ! AIM ( SO MANY M5 ( LESS] CAPACITY ?AN ?AT ( 
      GREAT MA/]S8 ,IS IT NOT BETT] TO SAY TO ALL :O HAVE ANY G5U9E GIFTS H[EV] 
      SMALL1 ^*C\RAGE6 IT IS 5\< = A WORK ( >T IF IT %[ REAL SKILL ( H&1 
      G5U9E 9/9CT = BEAUTY1 & SOME T\* ( ORIG9ALITY2 COOP]ATION WILL %[ 
      Y\ H[ Y\R SMALL] GIFTS MAY BE US$ ALONG ) ! GREAT] ONES4' 
     
     

      ,WELL ! >I/OCRATIC EXCLUSIV5ESS ( ,GREEK >T DREW ON IT A HEAVY REV5GE 5\<3 
      ,I HAVE SPOK5 ( ITS FIR/ P]IOD DUR+ :I* ! WOR? ( ITS ?\<T \TW5T ITS 
      P[] ( EXPRESSION1 & ( ITS SECOND1 :5 ! EXPRESSION HAV+ REA*$ A PO9T 
      APPROA*+ P]FECTION1 ! EXUB]ANCE ( ?\<T 9 IT HAD TO BE REPRESS$ TO 
      SATISFY ! EXCLUSIVE FA/IDI\SNESS ( ! ,GREEK M9D3 !RE REMA9S YET A ?IRD 
      P]IOD DUR+ :I* CAPACITY ( EXPRESSION HAV+ REA*$ ITS HI<E/ PO9T C\LD 
      GO NO FUR!R1 & :5 !RE WAS COMP>ATIVELY LITTLE TO EXPRESS BY ?IS P]FECT$ 
      MEANS1 & ! CLASSICAL >T WAS BECOME ACADEMICAL & 9 FACT ALL BUT DEAD4 
     
     

      ,BY ?IS TIME ALL DOM9ATION HAD LONG PASS$ AWAY FROM ! ,GREEK NAME1 & ! ,ROMAN 
      TAX GA!R] RUL$ ! WORLD ( CIVILIZATION2 AFT] A :ILE MORE BY ! T]ROR ( 
      ! NAME ( ,ROME ?AN BY ANY REAL P[] 9 ! /ATE3 L[] & L[] FELL ! >T 
      :I* ! ,ROMANS ADOPT$ FROM ! ,GREEKS1 TILL AT LA/ IT WAS R$EEM$ FROM 
      CONTEMPT ONLY BY ! SPL5DOR1 MASSIV5ESS1 & HONE/ BUILD+ ( ITS GREAT 
      >*ITECTURAL & 5G9E]+ WORKS4 ,9 ! MEAN:ILE ! GREAT *ANGE DREW NE>3 
      ! ,ROMAN L&LORDS HAD TURN$ ALL ! PEOPLE ( CIVILIZATION 9TO !IR 
      AGRICULTURAL SLAVES1 !IR HIR$ S]VANTS & P>ASITES1 & ! PROLET>IAT ( ! 
      GREAT CITIES W]E F$ ON !IR B\NTY3 BE=E ! OP]ATION WAS QUITE COMPLETE ! 
      /ATE ( ?+S SO BR\<T AB\T SEEM$ LIKELY TO LA/ = EV]3 = :]E WAS ! 
      FOE TO OV]TURN IT8 ,BUT BY ! TIME IT WAS COMPLETE ! FOE WAS AT H& READY = 
      ITS DE/RUCTION3 = ! ,ROMAN HAD RECKON$ )\T HIS HO/3 HE HAD SUBDU$ ALL 
      CIVILIZATION & MADE IT HIS PRIVATE SLAVE2 & N[ HE F\ND ?AT :ATEV] WAS 
      RESPECTABLE & DESIR$ ! PRES]VATION ( SOCIETY W\LD NOT FI<T2 :]EAS 
      :ATEV] WAS AGA9/ HIM & ! /ABILITY ( SOCIETY1 ! />V+ SLAVES1 ! 
      ,*RI/IANS1 ! B>B>IANS ( ! ,EA/ & ! ,NOR? W]E VALIANT & AGGRESSIVE 
      & W]E READY AT EV]Y PO9T TO PU% =W>D :AT HE CONSID]$ AN>*Y & ! 
      DISRUPTION ( ! WORLD1 BUT :I* WAS AT ! WOR/ ! ,M$EA'S CAULDRON FROM :I* 
      A NEW & VIGOR\S ,EUROPE WAS TO BE BORN AGA93 ) ?AT NEW BIR? ( SOCIETY1 & 
      FAI?FULLY FOLL[+ EV]Y /AGE ( ITS FRUITFUL DEA? & *ANGE1 A NEW >T ALSO 
      WAS BORN3 ?IS >T WAS AT FIR/ CLAD 9 ! BODY ( ! EFFETE >T :I* IT TOOK 
      ! PLACE (2 BUT YET WAS FROM ! FIR/ />TL+LY DIFF]5T FROM IT 9 S\L & 
      9T5TION3 AS TIME W5T ON IT BORR[$ ELEM5TS FROM ! ,EA/ & ! ,NOR?1 & 
      DREW !M TOGE!R & MOLD$ !M 9TO ! ,GRECO-,ROMAN MASS :I* WAS ALREADY 
      REVIVIFI$1 & LITTLE BY LITTLE ! CLASSICAL WRAPP+S FELL (F IT1 & LEFT 
      CLE> ! /RANGE & BEAUTIFUL BODY ( ,BYZANT9E >T1 ! >T ( E>LY ,EUROPE - ( 
      ! TIME :5 FEUDALITY WAS %AP+ ITSELF FROM ! *AOS ( ! RU9S ( OLD ,ROME4 
     
     

      ,FROM ?AT CITY ( ,NEW ,ROME IT SPREAD F> & WIDE V>Y+ AT FIR/ BUT LITTLE 
      EXCEPT AS ! MAT]IALS 9 :I* IT WAS WR\<T 9FLU5C$ IT BY !IR F95ESS OR 
      RUD5ESS3 9 ,SICILY1 ,EGYPT1 ,SPA91 ,P]SIA IT WAS MODIFI$ BY DI/9CT EA/]N 
      ELEM5TS1 ALL ( !M IT SEEMS REF]ABLE TO ?AT >T ( ! ,EA/ :I* WAS C>RI$ 
      WIDE AB\T BY ! ,>ABS BUT WAS BY NO MEANS ,>AB 9 ORIG9 BUT ,P]SIAN RA!R3 ?IS 
      9FLU5CE ABODE ) IT & AFT]W>DS REACT$ /RONGLY ON ! >T ( C5TRAL & 
      NOR!RN ,EUROPE :I* WAS BORN MORE DIRECTLY ( OLD OR ,NEW ,ROME4 
     
     

      ,9 ! EXTREME ,NOR? & ,NOR?WE/ ( ,EUROPE IT MET ) ANO!R MODIFY+ ELEM5T 
      9 ! %APE ( ! ,CELTIC OR MORE PROBABLY PRE-,CELTIC >T1 :I* EXI/$ PURE 9 
      ,IREL&1 SOME:AT *ANG$ 9 ,5GL& & ,SC&9AVIA BY ,TEUTONIC TRANSLATION3 
      BETWE5 ?IS >T1 ! REPRES5TATIVE ( PRIMITIVE ORNAM5TATION1 & ! ELABORATE 
      FRETWORK ( ,EA/]N >T !RE IS A C]TA9 SORT ( RELATION%IP2 SO ?AT IT MI<T 
      BE D\BT$ :E!R ! COMPLETE ORNAM5T ( ! ,MIDDLE-,AGES DOES NOT [E SOME ( 
      ITS =MS TO ?IS PROBABLY PRE-,>YAN >T ( ,EUROPE3 BUT ,I ?9K 9 FACT ?AT EXCEPT 
      9 ,SC&9AVIA 9 ! MODIFI$ =M ABOVE-M5TION$ ITS 9FLU5CE ON ,M$IEVAL >T 
      WAS NOT ABID+1 ! EQUALLY ELABORATE BUT MORE LOGICAL & MEASUR$ =MS ( ! 
      ,EA/ TAK+ ITS PLACE4 
     
     

      ,H[EV] ?IS MAY BE IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ! GREAT & 9 ! MA9 HOMOG5E\S >T ( 
      ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES WAS BO? 9 =M & 9 SPIRIT A SIMPLE & DIRECT DEVELOPM5T ( 
      ! NEW-BORN >T :I* SPRANG FROM ! CORRUPT ?\< /ILL BEAUTIFUL REMA9S ( 
      ,GRECO-,ROMAN >T2 & IT IS TO MY M9D C]TA9 ALSO ?AT IT [$ ! =M ( ?AT 
      NEW BIR? TO ! 9COM+ ( ,EA/]N OR ,P]SIAN IDEAS & H&IWORK :I* ACT$ ON 
      IT 9 A WAY NOT EASY TO TRACE ,I ADMIT3 ?AT M+L$ >T AS ,I HAVE SAID WAS /ILL 
      MORE P]MEAT$ 9 SOME P>TS BY ! ,EA/]N ELEM5T1 & 9 ?AT CONDITION 9 ! 
      #a#b? C5TURY ESPECIALLY WAS V]Y P[]FUL 9 FA%ION+ ,M$IEVAL >T 9TO :AT IT 
      PRES5TLY BECAME3 NEV]!LESS ,I CANNOT HELP RECOGNIZ+ A C]TA9 FITNESS AB\T 
      ! NAME ,GO?IC = 9DICAT+ ! WORK ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 ?\< AT FIR/ IT MAY 
      SEEM AN ABSURD MISNOM] BORN ( ! HA/Y GLANCE ! ANTIQU>IES ( \R 
      GR&FA!RS' TIME TOOK ( AN >T :I* !Y DESPIS$ & W]E IGNORANT (4 ,= 
      BESIDES ?AT ! ,GO?S W]E AS IT W]E ! IRON ( ! SPE> ?AT SLEW ! ,ROMAN 
      ,EMPIRE1 & FROM ! MO/ RI<TE\S SLAY+ SPRANG ,GO?IC ,>T2 !RE IS OBVI\S 9 
      IT1 NAY ! V]Y S\L ( IT IS ?AT SPIRIT ( ! ,NOR? :I* MAKES US :AT WE >E 
      AT ! BE/3 ! WILD IMAG9ATION1 ! LOVE ( NATURE1 ! SCORN ( P$ANTRY1 & 
      /ILT$ POMP\SNESS2 ! G5U9E1 UNA%AM$ S5TIM5T1 & ALL ?IS TEMPT$ BY 
      PL5TE\S GOOD HUMOR & A LOVE ( HOMELY & FAMILI> ?+S2 A C\RAGE 9 %ORT 
      :I* IS NOT ANXI\S TO ?RU/ ANY?+ :I* IS HUMAN \T ( SI<T EV5 9 ! 
      MO/ SOLEMN TIMES & PLACES3 !SE >E ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ,GO?IC >T :I* 
      PI]CE TO ! V]Y HE>T ( ALL ?OSE :O >E CAPABLE ( FEEL+ ?AT MANLY LOVE ( 
      MAN & HIS FAIR E>?LY HOME :I* IS ( ALL ?+S ?AT :I* MO/ MAKES LIFE 
      WOR? LIV+4 
     
     

      ,& N[ UND]/& ?AT ?AT :I* MAKES ,GO?IC >T ALL ?IS IS ITS 
      FRE$OM3 IT WAS ABOVE ALL ?+S ! >T ( ! PEOPLE2 ! >T ( 
      COOP]ATION3 NO CRAFTSMAN1 :O IS A REAL ONE1 IS DESPIS$ 9 IT2 !RE IS ROOM = 
      EV]Y M9D & EV]Y H& ?AT BELONGS TO A REAL MAN3 SOME?+ TO EXPRESS & SOME 
      MEANS ( EXPRESS+ IT >E ALL ?AT IS ASK$ =3 ALL ! TIME ?IS >T LA/S NO 
      H&ICRAFT LACKS BEAUTY = A MOM5T1 NOR IS ANYONE SET TO DULL & SLAVI% TOIL3 
      ?+S GR[ BEAUTIFUL UND] ! WORKMAN'S H&S )\T EF=T IT W\LD SEEM1 & 
      M5 DO NOT KN[ H[ TO MAKE AN UGLY ?+3 N[ADAYS :5 WE LI<T ON A PIECE ( ! 
      H\SEHOLD GOODS ( ?IS P]IOD WE PAY VA/ SUMS ( MONEY = IT & TREASURE IT UP 
      9 A MUSEUM2 = IT TEA*ES US - US :O KN[ EV]Y?+ ELSE1 ?IS R\< 
      PIECE ( H&IWORK DONE BY AN >TISAN :O ?\<T ?AT ! WORLD WAS LIKE A FLAT 
      DI% & ?AT ! SUN W5T R\ND ! RIM ( IT4 
     
     

      ,IF ?IS SEEMS /RANGE TO Y\1 LET ME REM9D Y\ ( ONE K9D ( WORK WR\<T BY 
      !SE CRAFTSM51 :I* IS BO? MORE ACCESSIBLE & MORE IMPRESSIVE ?AN !IR 
      MOVABLE H\SEHOLDS GOODS3 ,I MEAN ! BUILD+S :I* >E .<\R.> =EFA!RS' & 
      AMONG SOME ( :I* IT IS Y\R R>E GOOD =TUNE TO LIVE3 A GOOD =TUNE :I* ,I 
      HOPE WILL LEAVE ITS IMPRESS 9 MANY AN H\R ( SWEET1 9DE/RUCTIBLE PLEASURE ON 
      ! FUTURE LIVES ( EV]Y ONE ( Y\4 
     
     

      ,9DE$ !Y HAVE HAD A H>D TIME ( IT ?OSE ANCI5T BUILD+S ( ,5GL& RAIS$ 
      ONCE 9 SU* HOPE BY ! ^*,FAM\S M5 & ! FA!RS ?AT BEGAT US'3 PI\S & 
      RELIGI\S PEOPLE BATT]$ & HALF DE/ROY$ !M2 NOT UND]/&+ ?AT ! 
      SPIRIT :I* RAIS$ !M WAS ! ESS5CE ( ALL RELIGIONS3 ?OSE :O F\<T = \R 
      LIB]TIES BL9DLY LOOK$ UPON !M AS ! /RON<OLDS ( SLAV]Y & GAVE OV] 
      !IR PRECI\S /ONES1 ! WORK ( VALIANT S\LS & FREE H&S1 TO ! TITL$ 
      ?IEVES :O /OLE ! PUBLIC L&S ( ,5GL&3 ,! P$ANT ( ! #a#h? C5TURY1 
      ANTI-POETICAL1 IGNORANT ( HI/ORY1 SUPPOS+ ?AT NO >T C\LD EXI/ \TSIDE ! 
      MIDDLE ( ! CLASSICAL P]IOD1 DESPIS$ !M1 BOT*$ !M1 DEGRAD$ !M3 ! 
      P$ANT ( TODAY1 SELF-SUFFICI5T1 ! SLAVE ( MONEY1 IGNORANT HE ALSO ( ?AT REAL 
      HI/ORY :I* IS NO DEAD ?+1 BUT ! LIV+ BOND ( ! HOPES ( ! PA/1 ! 
      PRES5T1 & ! FUTURE1 BELIEVES ?AT FROM HIS /UDY OR HIS (FICE HE CAN 
      RE-CREATE PA/ TIMES1 & )\T A WORD ( SYMPA?Y OR A DAY ( $UCATION CAN GET 
      FROM ! MA*9E-DRIV5 WORKMAN ( TODAY WORK LIKE ?AT ( ! FREE CRAFTSMA/] ( 
      ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES3 HE :ILE ,I SPEAK IS /ILL BUSY 9 DE/ROY+ ! LA/ REMNANTS ( 
      \R FA!RS' H&ICRAFT1 & MAYBE HE IS ! LA/ AS HE IS C]TA9LY ! WOR/ 
      5EMY !Y HAVE HAD4 
     
     

      ,YET EV5 SU* A /ORM ( FOLLY & GRE$ HAS SWEPT CONT9UALLY OV] !SE GLORI\S 
      WORKS 9TO :I* WAS ONCE BUILD$ ! V]Y S\L ( ,5GL&3 YET 9 SPITE ( IT ALL 
      !RE !Y /& YET A TOK5 ( ! HOPE ?AT WAS1 & YET %ALL BE ( ! FRE$OM 
      & HONOR ( LABOR4 ,BA] AS !Y HAVE BE5 /RIPP$1 W\ND$ & PAT*$ UP AS 
      !Y HAVE BE5 CAN WE EV5 ?9K ( !M )\T BE+ MOV$ AT ! 5]GY ( 
      COOP]ATIVE >T :I* RE>$ !M 9 A RUDE AGE BY ! H&S ( A SCANTY 
      POPULATION8 
     
     

      ,= ,I SAY ?AT GLORI\S AS !Y >E 9 !MSELVES !Y DO BETOK5 SOME?+ MORE 
      GLORI\S /ILL3 = REMEMB] !Y DO BUT REPRES5T ! K9D ( BUILD+ :I* WAS 
      US$ ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY3 :5 Y\R *APEL ROSE 9 ITS SPL5DOR !RE WAS NOT A 
      COTTAGE OR A %$ EV5 ON ! WAY BETWE5 ,W9DSOR & ,LONDON :I* DID NOT %>E 9 
      ITS BEAUTY1 HUMBLE AS IT MI<T BE4 ,N[ ?9K :AT ?IS MEANS2 WE >E SO US$ TO 
      H\SES BE+ G5]ALLY UGLY ?AT IT IS DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E1 EV]Y H\SE = 
      9/ANCE 9 ,LONDON OR ! SUBURBS MORE OR LESS BEAUTIFUL2 NOT A *&L]'S %OP AT 
      ,HAMM]SMI? OR ,BRIXTON BUT :AT WAS A WORK ( >T3 !RE W\LD BE $UCATION = 
      Y\3 $UCATION :I* NO BOOKS C\LD GIVE2 AMUSEM5T & HAPP9ESS1 TO ! BUILD]S 
      AS WELL AS TO ! OCCUPI]S ( SU* H\SES ?AT NO ACCUMULATION ( WEAL? CAN N[ 
      GIVE TO ANY RI* MAN AMONG US4 
     
     

      ,& ,I MU/ TELL Y\ ?AT IF WE HAVE NOT ?IS IT IS BECAUSE WE DO NOT DESIRE IT3 
      :5 WE DO DESIRE IT1 & >E READY TO SACRIFICE GRE$ & 9JU/ICE = IT WE 
      %ALL HAVE ?IS ALSO AS WELL AS JU/ICE & GOODWILL BETWE5 MAN & MAN4 
     
     

      ,MEAN:ILE Y\ SEE ,I HAVE TAK5 Y\ A LONG WAY FROM ?AT FIR/ DAWN ( POPUL> >T3 
      C5TURIES WE CANNOT C\NT LIE BETWE5 ! DAY :5 ! CAVE-ABID] SCRAT*$ HIS 
      DRAW+ ( A MAMMO? ON A MAMMO?'S BONE1 & ! DAY :5 ! ,5GLI% MASONS & 
      WOOD-C>V]S /RUCK ! LA/ /ROKE BE=E ! ,RE=MATION AT ,/4 ,GEORGE'S ,*APEL 
      YOND]4 ,DUR+ ALL ?OSE AGES :5EV] WE CAT* A GLIMPSE ( ! LIFE ( ! PEOPLE 
      WE F9D ! POPUL> >TS PROGRESSIVE ON ! :OLE1 & SELDOM FAIL+ 9 !IR 
      FIR/ AIM ( LI<T5+ ! TOIL ( MAN BY GIV+ HIM PLEASURE 9 HIS DAILY WORK4 
     
     

      ,A LONG LAPSE ( YE>S 9DE$1 :ILE FROM ! TIME :5 ,SIR ,?O.<MA.>S ,MORE WROTE HIS 
      ELOQU5T ATTACK ON COMM]CIALISM & L&-GRABB+ TILL N[1 ! DAYS >E FEW1 ! 
      TIME %ORT3 BUT :AT HAS HAPP5$ TO POPUL> >T 9 ?AT %ORT :ILE8 ,:AT HAS 
      HAPP5$ TO ! POPUL> >TS ,I SAY 9 ?OSE ?REE HUNDR$ YE>S ( /RUGGLE1 MO/LY 
      SUCCESSFUL1 = RELIGI\S & POLITICAL LIB]TY2 9 ?OSE C5TURIES ( MIRACUL\S 
      PROGRESS1 DUR+ :I* ,5GL& HAS GR[N FROM A SEMI-B>B>\S ISL& K+DOM 9TO 
      A MI<TY EMPIRE1 ! MA/] ( ! M9DS ( M5 AS WELL AS ( !IR BODIES8 
     
     

      ,I CAN TELL Y\ 9 ?REE WORDS :AT HAS HAPP5$ TO ?OSE >TS3 !Y HAVE 
      DISAPPE>$4 
     
     

      ,?AT IS A /RANGE /ORY 9DE$ & Y\ MAY WELL D\BT ITS TRU?1 ! *ANGE IS SO 
      TREM5D\S3 BUT MY :OLE OP9ION IS ?IS2 TO HAVE POPUL> >T1 OR ! >T ( ! 
      PEOPLE1 IT MU/ BE MADE BY & = ! PEOPLE1 :I* MEANS AS ,I HAVE SAID ?AT 
      MAN'S H&IWORK IS UNIV]SALLY BEAUTIFUL TO ! EYE & ELEVAT+ TO ! M9D4 ,BUT 
      SU* >T AS PRET5DS TO BE POPUL> N[ADAYS1 DO ! H&S & M9DS ( ! PEOPLE 
      FA%ION IT8 ,DO ! PEOPLE USE IT8 ,IS ! PEOPLE REJOIC$ ) ! MAK+ & US+ 
      ( IT8 
     
     

      ,SO F> IS ?IS FROM BE+ ! CASE1 ?AT ! PEOPLE DOES NOT EV5 KN[ ?AT SU* 
      >T EXI/S OR EV] HAS EXI/$2 :AT PRET5SE !RE IS ( ,DECORATIVE ,>T IS LITTLE 
      T\*$ BY ! PEOPLE'S H&S1 & NOT AT ALL BY !IR M9DS3 !Y WORK AT IT NOT 
      KN[+ :AT !Y DO2 LIKE ALL O!R TOIL]S N[ADAYS !IR WORK IS A GRIEV\S 
      BURD5 TO !M :I* !Y W\LD CA/ (F IF !Y C\LD4 ,WE CANNOT HELP KN[+ ?AT 
      NOT ANO!R H\R'S WORK W\LD BE DONE ON ! ,DECORATIVE ,>TS TODAY IF IT W]E NOT 
      ?AT ! WORK]S FE>$ DEA? BY />VATION IF !Y LEFT !IR WORK4 
     
     

      ,I HOPE Y\ DO NOT SUPPOSE ?AT ON !SE T]MS ( LABOR Y\ CAN HAVE AN >T :I* 
      HAS ANY LIFE 9 IT3 IF Y\ DO Y\ >E DREAM+ & WILL HAVE .<A.> RUDE AWAK5+ 
      SOME DAY3 MEANTIME Y\ WELL KN[ :AT VA/ SUMS ( MONEY RI* PEOPLE WILL SP5D TO 
      ISOLATE !MSELVES FROM ! TOK5S ( 9CREAS+ POPULATION1 FROM ! HOVELS 9 
      %ORT :I* >E BE+ RAIS$ ) SU* FRI<TFUL SPE$ ALL OV] CIVILIZ$ 
      C\NTRIES2 & ,I DO NOT WOND]2 IF ,I W]E RI* ,I %\LD DO ! SAME MYSELF2 ,I 
      %\LD TRY TO ESCAPE FROM ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! SY/EM :I* HAD MADE ME RI*4 
     
     

      ,= :5 IT COMES TO EXPLA9+ :Y ! LABOR ON :I* DEP5DS ! WELL-BE+ ( 
      ! >TS OR 9 O!R WORDS ! PLEASURE ( LIFE IS 9 ITS PRES5T CONDITION ( 
      SLAVI%NESS ,I MU/ TELL Y\ ?AT S9CE ! #a#e? C5TURY A GREAT *ANGE HAS TAK5 
      PLACE 9 ! SOCIAL CONDITION ( ! PEOPLE AT L>GE1 :I* SOME PEOPLE IGNORE1 & 
      :I* MORE /ILL >E CONT5T$ ) AS A POSITIVE GA91 & :I* !Y BELIEVE HAS 
      BR\<T ! WORLD ( CIVILIZATION 9TO A SOCIAL /ATE :I* WILL 5DURE AS LONG AS 
      ! WORLD ITSELF4 
     
     

      ,IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE )9 ! LIMITS ( SU* A LECTURE AS ?IS TO %[ BY :AT 
      GRADUAL MEANS ?IS *ANGE TOOK PLACE2 TO %[ H[ ! *ATTEL SLAV]Y ( ! 
      CLASSICAL TIMES MELT$ 9TO ! S]FDOM ( ! E>LY ,FEUDAL P]IOD2 H[ FROM ?OSE 
      S]FS W]E GRADUALLY DEVELOP$ ! BURGESSES OR CORPORATIONS ( ! M$IEVAL T[NS1 
      ! YEOM5 & LABOR]S ( ! FIELDS1 & ! CRAFTSM5 ( ! GUILDS1 :I* 
      CLASSES TOGE!R ) ! FEUDAL LORDS =M$ ! SOCIETY ( ! LAT] ,MIDDLE ,AGES3 
      IT WILL BE 5\< = \R PRES5T PURPOSE TO /ATE ?AT ?R\<\T ! MIDDLE AGES 
      AL?\< !RE WAS A %>P DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! FEUDAL LORD & HIS 9F]IOR 
      ?AT DI/9CTION WAS RA!R >BITR>Y ?AN REAL2 ?AT DIFFICULT1 & EXCEPT BY 
      MEANS ( ECCLESIA/ICAL PREF]M5T ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE AS IT WAS TO PASS FROM ONE 
      GRADE ( SOCIETY TO ANO!R1 !RE WAS NO CLASS :I* WAS BY VIRTUE ( ITS POSITION 
      REF9$1 & NONE :I* WAS M5TALLY DEGRAD$ BY ! SAME VIRTUE3 AT ! SAME TIME 
      AL?\< 9 ! LAT] MIDDLE AGES ?IS HI]>*ICAL SY/EM HAD REA*$ ! 9SIDE 
      ( ! CRAFT-GUILDS1 & ! CRAFTSM5 W]E DIVID$ 9TO ! PRIVILEG$ MA/]S1 
      ) !IR PRIVILEG$ APPR5TICES1 & ! J\RNEYM5 :O W]E UNPRIVILEG$1 !RE 
      WAS NO DIVISION ( LABOR 9SIDE ! GUILDS SAVE ?AT :I* >OSE FROM ! LE>N+ 
      ( ! CRAFT3 EV]Y FULL-9/RUCT$ WORKMAN WAS MA/] ( HIS :OLE CRAFT4 
     
     

      ,NEI!R \TSIDE ! GUILDS WAS !RE ANY VIOL5T COMPETITION 9 BUY+ & SELL+3 
      ! GREAT] P>T ( ! GOODS MADE BY ! CRAFTSM5 W]E MADE = HOME CONSUMPTION1 
      & ONLY ! OV]-PLUS ( ?IS CAME 9TO ! M>KET3 IT WAS NECESS>Y !RE=E = 
      ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! CRAFTSMAN ?AT HE %\LD BE SKILLFUL1 9TELLIG5T1 & 
      ?\<TFUL2 NOR WAS HE DRIV5 BY ! EXIG5CIES ( ! COMPETITIVE M>KET :I* 
      MI<T DEM& *EAPNESS FROM HIM AT ! CO/ ( O!R QUALITIES TO =EGO ! 
      LEISURELY WAY ( WORK+ :I* ALONE CAN PRODUCE A WORK ( >T3 ! UNIV]SAL 
      SPREAD ( >T MADE PEOPLE GOOD JUDGES ( W>ES & KE5 M>KET]S MOREOV] & 
      *EAP & NA/Y WAS 9 NO DEM&4 
     
     

      ,SU* ,I SAY WAS ! CONDITION ( ! >TISAN 9 ! MIDDLE AGES2 IT MAY BE ALL[$ 
      ?AT HE WAS POLITICALLY OPPRESS$1 SUP]/ITI\S1 & IGNORANT - BUT HE WAS AN 
      >TI/ OR FREE WORKMAN1 US+ HIS BRA9S = ! PLEASURE & ! SOLACE ( HIS 
      WORK+ H\RS4 
     
     

      ,PASS+ OV] ! GRADUAL PROCESS :I* HAS *ANG$ HIM FROM :AT HE WAS 9 ! #a#e? 
      C5TURY TO :AT HE IS TODAY LET US LOOK AT ! CONTRA/ ( HIS POSITION !N & 
      N[1 & GLANCE AT ! /ATE ( ,SOCIETY :I* HAS PRODUC$ IT4 
     
     

      ,= 9 !SE DAYS ! SY/EM ( HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY HAS GIV5 PLACE TO A ,SOCIETY 
      F\ND$ ON :AT IS CALL$ 7MISCALL$ ,I ?9K7 ! SY/EM ( FREE CONTRACT4 ,LIC5SE 
      ( COMPETITION ALMO/ COMPLETE HAS TAK5 ! PLACE ( ! ATTEMPTS TO REGULATE LIFE 
      9 ACCORDANCE ) A PRIORI IDEAS ( ! DUTIES M5 [E TO ONE ANO!R4 ,! 
      DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 ! CLASSES .<>E.> M]G$ N[ 9TO ONE DI/9CTION1 ?AT 
      BETWE5 RI* & POOR1 OR G5TLEMAN & NON-G5TLEMAN3 !RE IS NO 9SUP]ABLE B> 
      TO PREV5T A MEMB] ( ! POOR OR NON-G5TLEMAN CLASS RIS+ 9TO ! RI* OR 
      G5TLEMAN CLASS3 NAY ! ?+ IS DONE EV]Y DAY1 & 9 TWO G5]ATIONS ! 
      (FSPR+ ( ! P]SON :O HAS CLIMB$ UP ?AT LADD] BETWE5 RI* & POOR MAY 
      BECOME ! EQUAL ( ! GREATE/ FAMILIES ( ! ,FEUDAL >I/OCRACY1 MO/ ( :OM1 
      TO SAY ! TRU? HAVE V]Y SL5D] PRET5TIONS TO REPRES5T+ ! FAMILIES :OSE 
      TITLES !Y BE>3 MOREOV] !RE IS FELT TO BE NO DIFF]5CE 9 CULTIVATION & 
      REF9EM5T BETWE5 ! TITL$ G5TRY & ! RI* CAPITALI/S OR !IR HANG]S-ON 
      ( ! PR(ESSIONAL CLASSES3 !Y >E ALL G5TLEM5 TOGE!R1 EV5 :5 ! LATT] 
      >E SC>CELY AS WELL-TO-DO AS SOME ( ! BE/-(F ( ! L[] CLASSES4 
     
     

      ,ON ! O!R H& !RE IS ! GREAT CLASS ( WORK+ M51 AMONG :OM !RE IS 
      C]TA9LY GREAT DIV]SITY AS REG>DS !IR WAGES1 SOME ( !M AS A=ESAID E>N+ 
      AS MU* AS OR MORE ?AN :5 !Y >E AT WORK ! POOR] G5TLEM52 BUT 
      :ATEV] !IR GRADES MAY BE AS REG>DS !IR MONEY =TUNE !Y >E ALL 
      NON-G5TLEM51 & DO DIFF] REALLY & NOT CONV5TIONALLY FROM ! CLASS ( 
      G5TLEM53 !IR $UCATION1 !IR LEISURE1 !IR REF9EM5T1 !IR RELIGION IS 
      WEI<$ 9 A DIFF]5T BALANCE FROM .<?AT.> ( ! G5TLEMAN1 NAY !Y DO NOT EV5 
      SPEAK ! SAME DIALECT ( ! MO!R-TONGUE AS HE DOES3 !Y >E 9 ALL RESPECTS 
      ! L[] CLASSES1 REALLY & NOT CONV5TIONALLY ,I SAY1 SO ?AT A WORK+ MAN IS 
      NOT FIT COMPANY = A G5TLEMAN1 OR A G5TLEMAN = A WORK+ MAN4 
     
     

      ,N[ ?IS CLASS DIVISION ( ! #a#i? C5TURY AS OPPOS$ TO ?AT ( ! #a#d? WAS 
      BR\<T AB\T BY ! GRADUAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! SY/EM ( COMM]CE :I* IS N[ 
      COMPLETE OR NE>LY SO2 ! SY/EM AS ,I SAID ( UNLIMIT$ LIC5SE ( COMPETITION 
      :I* SUPPLANT$ ! M$IEVAL SY/EM UND] :I* LIFE WAS REGULAT$ BY A CONCEPTION 
      ( ! DUTIES M5 [$ TO EA* O!R & TO ! UNSE5 P[]S4 
     
     

      ,I WILL NOT TONI<T GIVE Y\ ANY DIRECT OP9ION AS TO ! OP]ATION ON O!R SIDES 
      ( LIFE ( !SE TWO SY/EMS1 BUT ,I AM COMPELL$ BY MY SUBJECT TO /ATE TO Y\ ?AT 
      ! EFFECT ( ?IS *ANGE ON POPUL> OR DECORATIVE >T HAS BE5 TO DE/ROY IT4 
     
     

      ,?IS GULF BETWE5 ! RI* & POOR :I* IS 9 FACT A GULF BETWE5 CIVILIZ$ & 
      UNCIVILIZ$ PEOPLE LIV+ 9 ! SAME /ATE & UND] LAWS NOM9ALLY ! SAME1 ?IS 
      IS ! GULF :I* HAS SWALL[$ UP ! POPUL> >TS2 ! >T :I* RAIS$ \R 
      ANCI5T BUILD+S H]E & ELSE:]E1 & UND] :I* EV]Y MAN'S 9TELLIG5CE1 
      W]E IT GREAT OR SMALL1 WAS US$ & SUBORD9AT$ AT ONCE = ! CREATION ( A 
      GREAT WORK ( >T3 :]EAS N[ IT IS ACCEPT$ AS A FACT ?AT :ATEV] 9TELLIG5CE 
      ONE ( ! NON-G5TLEMAN CLASS MAY POSSESS IS NOT & CANNOT BE EX]CIS$ DUR+ 
      HIS WORK+ H\RS3 9 ORD] TO W9 ?AT PRIVILEGE HE MU/ RAISE HIMSELF \T ( HIS 
      [N CLASS & BECOME A G5TLEMAN4 
     
     

      ,N[ ! ESS5CE OR S\L ( POPUL> >T IS ! DUE & WOR?Y DELI<T ( EA* WORK] 
      9 HIS [N H&IWORK1 A DELI<T :I* HE FEELS HE CAN COMMUNICATE TO O!R PEOPLE1 
      AS IT HAS BE5 COMMUNICAT$ TO HIM BY ! ?\<TS ( MANY G5]ATIONS ( M5 UND] 
      ! NAME ( ,TRADITION4 
     
     

      ,IF ANY ( Y\ C>E AB\T >T 9 ANY =M ,I AM SURE Y\ WILL ALL[ ?AT ?IS 
      RECIPROCAL PLEASURE ( COMMUNICATION IS ALWAYS PRES5T AT ! BIR? ( A WORK ( 
      >T3 :5 Y\ HAVE BE5 LI/5+ = 9/ANCE TO A BEAUTIFUL PIECE ( MUSIC C\LD 
      Y\ POSSIBLY SUPPOSE ?AT IT WAS AN IRKSOME TASK TO 9V5T ! S\NDS :I* W]E 
      FILL+ Y\R :OLE S\L ) SATISFACTION OR :5 Y\ HAVE BE5 READ+ SOME 
      BEAUTIFUL PASSAGE ( POETRY1 C\LD Y\ SUPPOSE ?AT ! /RONG & MELODI\S WORDS 
      :I* W]E ELEVAT+ Y\R S\LS & OP5+ NEW WORLDS TO Y\1 HAD BE5 GIV5 =? 
      FROM ! WRIT]'S BRA9 9 A DULL & PLEASURELESS MOOD8 ,SURELY IT IS IMPOSSIBLE 
      ?AT IT %\LD BE SO4 
     
     

      ,YET REMEMB]1 ! >TI/'S1 ! MUSICIAN'S1 ! POET'S WORK IS NOT EASY1 IT IS REAL 
      LABOR 5\< UNLESS HE IS A PRET5D]3 !RE >E TRAPS & PITFALLS ON ! RI<T 
      H& & ON ! LEFT 9TO :I* HIS HOPE ( CREAT+ A WORK ( >T MAY FALL1 & 
      AGA9/ :I* EV5 ! BE/ MAN HAS TO BE LABORI\SLY ON HIS GU>D3 ,I SAY HE IS A 
      WORKMAN OR NO >TI/3 & ON ?OSE GR\NDS ,I CLAIM SOME %>E ( ! DIV9E 
      PLEASURE ( CREATION :I* ACCOMPANIES IT = ALL H&ICRAFTSM51 BELIEV+ FIRMLY 
      ?AT ! MAK+-GOOD ( ?IS CLAIM IS A NECESSITY = ! WORLD1 IF CIVILIZATION IS 
      TO BE ANY?+ ELSE ?AN A NAME4 ,= FIR/1 UNLESS ?IS CLAIM IS ALL[$ & ACT$ 
      ON1 UNLESS IT IS 9SI/$ UPON AS A NECESS>Y P>T ( ! ORGANIZATION ( ,SOCIETY1 
      IT MU/ BE ! RULE ?AT ALL ?+S MADE BY MAN = ! USE ( HIS DAILY 
      LIFE WILL BE UGLY & BASE1 WILL %[ :]EV] !Y >E PLAC$ AS M]E BLOTS ON ! 
      BEAUTIFUL FACE ( ! WORLD4 
     
     

      ,& #bND IT WILL SURELY BE BUT RI<T & JU/ ?AT !Y %\LD BE UGLY & BASE1 = 
      SO DONE !Y WILL BE BUT TOK5S ( ! 5DUR+ SORR[ & SLAV]Y ( ! GREAT 
      MASS ( MANK9D3 = ALL PEOPLE NOT DI%ONE/ MU/ WORK1 & 9 ONE WAY OR O!R 
      !IR WORK+ H\RS MU/ BE ! MO/ IMPORTANT P>T ( !IR LOVES3 IF !RE=E 
      !Y HAVE DUE HOPE1 PLEASURE1 & HONOR 9 !IR DAILY WORK !IR LIVES WILL ON 
      ! :OLE BE HAPPY1 IF !Y LACK ?AT HOPE PLEASURE & HONOR !IR LIVES WILL BE 
      UNHAPPY4 ,IT W\LD !RE=E BE UNJU/ ?AT >T %\LD COME FROM ! UNHAPPY LIVES 
      ( ! MO/ ( M53 OR 9 O!R WORDS ?AT ! GREAT MASS ( PEOPLE %\LD TOIL 
      MIS]ABLY = ! PLEASURE ( A FEW DI%ONE/ PEOPLE4 
     
     

      ,=TUNATELY1 Y\ SEE1 AS F> AS ! >TS GO ?AT CANNOT BE2 IT IS A QUE/ION ( >T 
      & ! HAPP9ESS ( ! WORK]1 OR LACK ( >T & HIS UNHAPP9ESS4 
     
     

      ,9 !SE DAYS1 !N1 9 :I* MAN HAS OBTA9$ SO MU* DOM9ATION OV] ! =CES 
      ( NATURE1 9 :I* SO MU* ( :AT PASSES = WEAL? PRODUC$1 9 :I* ,SOCIETY 
      TAK5 AS A :OLE EI!R IS OR C\LD BE SO RI*3 9 !SE DAYS :AT >E ! 
      CONDITIONS ( LIFE = ! WORK+ CLASSES1 ?AT IS TO SAY = MO/ M5 :I* W\LD 
      PRODUCE BEAUTY & HAPP9ESS = ! WORLD8 
     
     

      #a/ NO HONE/ OR 9DU/RI\S MAN MU/ BE UND] FE> ( POV]TY3 ! SORDID TR\BLES 
      :I* ?IS FE> PRODUCES DE/ROY IMAG9ATION & 9TELLIG5CE1 OR TURN !M 9TO 
      O!R *ANNELS ?AN ! HOPE ( GIV+ PLEASURE TO ! WORLD3 EV]Y MAN 
      !RE=E MU/ BE C]TA9 ( E>N+ A DUE LIVELIHOOD1 BY :I* WORD ,I UND]/& 
      ALL ?+S NECESS>Y = HIS M9D AS WELL AS HIS BODY4 
     
     

      #bND ALL M5 MU/ HAVE DUE LEISURE3 RE/ = BODY & M9D2 TIME = FOLL[+ 
      ACCORD+ TO !IR B5T O!R OCCUPATIONS ?AN ! M]E BREAD-W9N+ ONE EV5 IF 
      IT BE PLEASANT3 & IF !IR BREAD-W9N+ WORK IS ( SU* A R\< NATURE AS ( 
      NECESSITY TO LACK >T OR EXPRESSION ( PLEASURE 9 IT1 ! DAILY H\RS ( SU* 
      LABOR MU/ BE V]Y %ORT4 
     
     

      #cRD IT FOLL[S FROM ?IS LA/ REM>K ?AT ALL WORK 9 :I* >T1 OR PLEASURE1 IS 
      IMPOSSIBLE %\LD BE DONE )\T AS F> AS MAY BE1 ?AT IT %\LD BE LOOK$ ON AS 
      A NUISANCE TO BE ABAT$1 A SICKNESS ( ,SOCIETY2 AS F> AS POSSIBLE IT %\LD BE 
      DONE BY MA*9ES3 & MA*9ES %\LD NEV] BE US$ = DO+ WORK 9 :I* M5 CAN 
      TAKE PLEASURE3 :]EAS AT PRES5T1 AS WE ALL KN[ TOO WELL1 M5 DO ! WORK ( 
      MA*9ES1 & MA*9ES ( M5 - BO? DISA/R\SLY4 
     
     

      #d? ?OSE :O >E TO PRODUCE BEAUTY MU/ LIVE AMID BEAUTY3 !IR HOMES & 
      SURR\ND+S MU/ BE CLEAN1 ORD]LY1 & 9 A WORD BEAUTIFUL3 ?IS %\LD 
      BE NO H>D MATT] TO ACCOMPLI% S9CE ! :OLE WORLD IS BEAUTIFUL SAVE :]E MAN 
      HAS MADE IT UGLY4 
     
     

      #e? ALL M5 %\LD BE $UCAT$1 & HAVE !IR DUE %>E 9 ! /OR$-UP KN[L$GE 
      ( ! WORLD1 SO VA/LY GREAT] N[ ?AN 9 ! DAYS ( >T1 BUT SO MU* MORE 
      UNEQUALLY %>$4 ,ALL M5 ,I SAY %\LD BE $UCAT$ NOT D[N TO !IR ^*/ATION 9 
      LIFE' AS PEOPLE CALL IT1 ?AT IS ACCORD+ TO ! AM\NT ( MONEY !IR P>5TS MAY 
      HAVE1 BUT ACCORD+ TO !IR CAPACITY4 
     
     

      #f? :5 ALL !SE CLAIMS >E ALL[$ & ACT$ ON ! LA/ CLAIM ,I MAKE = LABOR 
      WILL COME ( ITSELF3 ?AT IS1 ?AT !RE %\LD BE AN 5D ( CLASS DI/9CTIONS3 
      ?AT IS TO SAY ?AT ALL CRAFTS %\LD BE HONORABLE & HONOR$1 & ?AT EV]Y 
      MAN %\LD BE ABLE TO RISE TO EM95CE & FAME BY ! EX]CISE ( HIS [N CRAFT1 
      ! WORK HE UND]/&S BE/2 :]EAS AT PRES5T HE CAN ONLY RISE TO EM95CE BY 
      DES]T+ HIS CRAFT1 BY TAK+ AN UNDUE %>E ( ! WEAL? ( ! WORLD AS WAGES 
      = DO+ LI<T] WORK ?AN HIS FELL[S2 BY BECOM+ A CAPITALI/ AS ! PHRASE 
      GOES4 
     
     

      ,I WILL N[ SUM UP !SE CONDITIONS BRIEFLY3 #a/ EXT9CTION ( POV]TY2 #bND LEISURE2 
      #cRD AVOIDANCE ( WA/EFUL WORK2 #d? C>E ( ! BEAUTY ( ! E>?2 #e? $UCATION 
      ACCORD+ TO CAPACITY1 & #f? ABOLITION ( CLASS DI/9CTIONS1 REAL1 M9D Y\1 NOT 
      =MAL4 
     
     

      ,TO MY M9D !SE >E ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE = WORK+ M51 OR REALLY = ALL M51 
      UND] :I* WE CAN HAVE 9 !SE DAYS ONCE MORE POPUL> >T1 OR A HAPPY LIFE = 
      MO/ M54 ,IS IT WOR? :ILE TO /RIVE TO BR+ AB\T ?IS HAPPY LIFE8 ,IF IT BE1 CAN 
      WE SAY ?AT ! PRICE TO BE PAID = IT CAN BE TOO HI<1 :ATEV] IT MAY BE8 
     
     

      ,Y\ WILL HAVE UND]/OOD IF Y\ HAVE FOLL[$ MY /ATEM5T ( ! DUE CONDITIONS ( 
      LABOR ?AN 9 MY BELIEF ?AT PRICE IS ! RECON/RUCTION ( ,SOCIETY2 = NO M]E 
      PALLIATIVES ( ! EVILS ( ! PRES5T SY/EM WILL BR+ AB\T ?OSE CONDITIONS4 
      ,FUR!RMORE ,I ADMIT ?AT SU* A GREAT *ANGE W\LD 9VOLVE ! SACRIFICE FROM MANY 
      ( US ( ?+S N[ MU* *]I%$3 YET AS ,I BELIEVE ?AT ?OSE :O UPHOLD ! 
      PRES5T CONDITIONS ( LABOR ON ! GR\NDS ( SELF-9T]E/ DO SO RA!R FROM 
      /UPIDITY ?AN MALICE1 SO ,I ?9K ?AT !IR LOSS1 OR PUNI%M5T1 IF Y\ WILL1 WILL 
      BE RA!R IMAG9>Y .<?AN.> REAL :5 ! *ANGE COMES3 ,I ?9K :AT WE %ALL 
      *IEFLY HAVE TO SACRIFICE WILL BE ! 5CUMBRANCES1 ! TR\BLES1 ! SORR[S EV5 
      :I* WE N[ *]I% AS P>T ( \R WEAL?4 
     
     

      ,AS TO ! MEANS BY :I* ! ,RECON/RUCTION IS TO BE BR\<T AB\T1 ,I MU/ = MORE 
      ?AN ONE REASON SAY NO?+ ( !M TONI<T2 SAVE ?IS3 ?AT Y\ Y\RSELVES 9 ONE 
      WAY OR O!R WILL AS TIME GOES ON HAVE (F]$ TO Y\ OPPORTUNITIES ( HELP+ 
      =W>D OR ( H9D]+ ?AT RECON/RUCTION2 TIMES :5 Y\ WILL HAVE TO *OOSE 
      BETWE5 ! RI<T H& & ! LEFT1 & TO RANGE Y\RSELVES = OR AGA9/ ! 
      PROGRESS ( ! RACE ( MAN3 SU* *ANCES >E SOLEMN TIMES 9 ! HI/ORY ( EV]Y 
      MAN & IT BEHOOVES US :5 WE MEET !M TO *OOSE NOT 9FLU5C$ BY \R APP>5T 
      SELF-9T]E/ BUT BY \R REAL S5SE ( RI<T & WRONG3 Y\ MAY ?9K ?AT BUT A 
      TRUISM2 YET ,I MU/ TELL Y\ ?AT 9 SU* MATT]S IT IS ! COMMONE/ ?+ TO BE 
      SAID TO ANYONE :O ?9KS HE \<T TO JO9 SOME MOVEM5T = ! BETT]+ ( HIS 
      FELL[S1 ^*:AT WILL Y\ DO IF ?IS *ANGE HAPP5S'3 TO MY M9D IT IS 
      MANHOOD & NOT RA%NESS TO ANSW] SU* AN OBJECTION BY SAY+1 :AT %ALL ,I DO8 
      ,:Y HAVE MY FAIR %>E LIKE MY FELL[S4 
     
     

      ,I BELIEVE ! TIME IS AT H& :5 EA* ONE ( US ( ! WELL-TO-DO & RI* 
      CLASSES WILL HAVE TO *OOSE :E!R HE WILL /RIVE TO HAVE ! GREAT MASS ( M5 
      HIS EQUALS & FRI5DS1 OR TO KEEP !M D[N AS HIS SLAVES3 :5 ?AT TIME COMES 
      MAY WE ALL REMEMB] ?IS1 ?AT WRET*$ & %AMEFUL AS IS ! CONDITION ( A 
      SLAVE1 !RE IS ONE CONDITION MORE WRET*$ & %AMEFUL /ILL - ?AT ( .<A.> 
      SLAVE-HOLD]4 
     
  
       ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,NOTE 
     
     
       ,TITLE 
     
     

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   #a4 #ba ,DECEMB] #ahhd  READ \T BY AN UNNAM$ SPEAK] AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ,HAMM]SMI? ,BRAN* ( ! ,S,D,F AT ,KELMSCOTT ,H\SE1 ,HAMM]SMI? 
   
    

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   #d4 #c? ,OCTOB] #ahhg AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ,NOTT+HAM ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB AT ! ,SECUL> ,HALL1 ,NOTT+HAM 
  
    

   #e4 #a/ ,JANU>Y #ahhh AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ,! ,HAMM]SMI? ,BRAN* ( ! ,S,L AT ,KELMSCOTT ,H\SE1 ,HAMM]SMI? 
  
    

   #f4 #bND ,NOVEMB] #ahhi AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ,GLASG[ ,BRAN* ( ! ,S,L & ! ,$9BUR< ,BRAN* ( ! ,S,L,L,L AT ! ,ALB]T ,HALL1 ,$9BUR< 
  
    

   #g4 #b? ,OCTOB] #ahi AT A MEET+ SPONSOR$ BY ! ^*,COMMONWEAL' ,BRAN* ( ! ,S,L AT ! ,A!NEUM ,HALL1 ,TOTT5HAM ,C\RT ,ROAD1 ,LONDON UND] ! TITLE ( ,>T = ! ,PEOPLE 
  

    
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