,ON ! #a? ,ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,9SURG5T ,MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E #aibh ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO ,TEXT 3 ,AS WE KN[1 ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S' %AMEFUL BETRAYAL ( ! IDEAS ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION L$ ! 5TIRE ,BOL%EVIK P>TY & ITS 'PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y' AU?ORITY1 ONCE 9 PLACE ALL ACROSS ! C\NTRY1 TO CONCLUDE A DISGRACEFUL PEACE ) ! ,G]MAN ,KAIS] ,WILHELM ,I,I & ! ,AU/RIAN ,EMP]OR1 ,K>L1 FOLL[$ BY AN EV5 MORE DEPLORABLE /RUGGLE 9SIDE ! C\NTRY AGA9/ AN>*ISM1 FIR/ ( ALL1 & !N AGA9/ ! ,LEFT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES & SOCIALISM 9 G5]AL4 ,9 ,JUNE #a#i#a#h1 ,I MET ) ,L59 9 ! ,KREML91 AT ! 9/IGATION ( ,SV]DLOV1 ! !N *AIRMAN ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOVIETS4 ,CIT+ MY M&ATE AS HEAD ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE 9 ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION1 ,I BRIEF$ ,L59 ON ! UNEQUAL FIY =CES 9 ! ,UKRA9E AGA9/ ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN 9VAD]S & !IR ALLIES ON ! ,UKRA9IAN ,C5TRAL ,RADA3 HE DISCUSS$ ?IS ) ME &1 HAV+ NOT$ MY FANATICAL PEASANT ATTA*M5T TO ! REVOLUTION & TO ! AN>*I/ IDEAS IT 5CAPSULAT$1 HE ASSUR$ ME ?AT ! SOVIET AU?ORITIES HAD 9ITIAT$ A /RUGGLE 9 ! URBAN C5T]S ( ! REVOLUTION1 NOT AGA9/ AN>*ISM P] SE1 BUT RA!R AGA9/ ! B&ITS :O PR(ESS$ TO BE ITS FOLL[]S3 ,) ?OSE AN>*I/S 5GAG$ 9 ORGANIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY1 LIKE ! ONES Y\ HAVE JU/ BE5 TALK+ AB\T1 \R ,BOL%EVIK P>TY & ,I MYSELF WILL ALWAYS BE ABLE TO SPEAK ! SAME LANGUAGE ) AN EYE TO BUILD+ A JO9T REVOLUTION>Y FRONT4 4 4 4 ,IT IS QUITE ANO!R MATT] ) ! SOCIAL-TRAITORS :O >E ! REAL 5EMIES ( ! G5U9E EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT & ! POOR PEASANTRY3 ) REG>D TO !M1 MY ATTITUDE WILL ALWAYS BE UNB5D+3 ,I AM !IR 5EMY4 ,! DEGREE ( GUILE & HYPOCRISY ?AT ,L59 EXHIBIT$ ON ?AT OCCASION IS BUT R>ELY 5C\NT]$ 9 A MA/]-POLITICIAN4 ,BY ?AT PO9T ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES HAD ALREADY OR*E/RAT$ REPRESSION AGA9/ AN>*ISM1 9 ! V]Y DELIB]ATE 9T5TION ( DISCR$IT+ IT 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,L59'S ,BOL%EVISM HAD PLAC$ AN ,X AGA9/ EV]Y FREE REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION & AN>*ISM ALONE WAS /ILL 5\< ( A DANG] TO IT1 =1 HAD IT BUT LE>N$ TO ACT 9 AN ORGANIZ$ & /RICTLY CONSI/5T WAY AMONG ! BROAD MASSES ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 SO AS TO /E] !M TO VICTORY 9 POLITICAL & /RATEGIC T]MS1 AN>*ISM ALONE C\LD HAVE CONJUR$ UP ALL ?AT WAS HEAL?Y & UTT]LY COMMITT$ TO ! REVOLUTION 9 ! C\NTRY & EXPECT$ TO MAKE ! IDEAS ( FRE$OM1 EQUALITY & FREE LABOR PRACTICAL LIV+ REALITIES ?R\< ITS /RUGGLE4 ,LET IT BE NOT$ ?AT1 VIS-A-VIS SOCIALI/S1 ,L59 EMPLOY$ EQUALLY 9SULT+ TONES4 4 4 4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES' (F5SIVE AGA9/ AN>*ISM & SOCIALISM R5D]$ GREAT S]VICE AT ?AT JUNCTURE TO ! =EIGN C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES1 :OSE TROOPS W]E MAK+ EASY HEADWAY 9TO REVOLUTION>Y T]RITORY 9 ! ,UKRA9E & SWIFTLY \/+ ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y FI*I/S1 ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES OR 9DE$ BY ! ODD ,BOL%EVIK4 ,?ANKS TO ?IS DISGRACEFUL TREA*]Y BY ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S1 ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION WAS ABLE 9 %ORT ORD] TO P>ALYZE ALL REVOLUTION>Y L9KS BETWE5 ! T[NS & VILLAGES ( ! ,UKRA9E1 BE=E TURN+ TO MASSIVE REPRESSION4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! ,UKRA9IAN REVOLUTION F\ND ITSELF QUITE UNEXPECT$LY BE=E ! GALL[S ( ITS EXECUTION]S & WAS WELL *A/5$ 9 ?IS FIR/ /AGE ( ITS DEVELOPM5T4 4 4 ,?OSE W]E D>K DAYS FILL$ ) BLOODY HORRORS4 ,UND] ! AGREEM5TS REA*$ ) ! ,C5TRAL ,EMP]ORS1 ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S EVACUAT$ ALL ! WELL >M$ & DISCIPL9$ REVOLUTION>Y DETA*M5TS ( ,RUSSIAN WORK]S FROM ! ,UKRA9E1 AT A TIME :5 ! ,UKRA9IAN WORK]S W]E POORLY >M$1 DIRELY EQUIPP$ & COMPELL$ TO FALL BACK 9 ! WAKE ( !IR ,RUSSIAN BRE?R51 P[]LESS TO CONFRONT ! REVOLUTION'S 5EMIES4 ,9 SOMETIMES BLOODY SKIRMI%+1 !Y CLA%$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES :O W]E REFUS+ !M 5TRY 9TO ,RUSSIA ) !IR WEAPONRY4 ,IT WAS 9 ?OSE DAYS1 :5 ALL SEEM$ LO/1 ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTS1 UNIT$ >\ND ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE & DISP]S$ 9 NUM]\S GR\PS & DETA*M5TS1 ALSO RETREAT$ T[>DS ,RUSSIA1 :]E1 !Y RECKON$1 ! REVOLUTION WAS /ILL ON C\RSE & MIY 9VAD]S AGA94 4 4 4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 EV5 AT ?AT /AGE 9 ! REVOLUTION1 ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP C\LD BE SE5 TURN+ CLE>LY AGA9/ ALL ?AT WAS HEAL?Y & REVOLUTION>Y 9 ! TOIL+ MASSES1 :O W]E SY/EMATICALLY D5IGRAT$ TO ! B5EFIT ( !IR P>TY PRIVILEGES & ! RUNAWAY C\NT]-REVOLUTION LURK+ BEH9D !M4 ,ON ! APPROA*ES TO ! T[N ( ,TAGANROG1 ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES SET UP AMBU%ES ( 9DEP5D5T REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS & DETA*M5TS 9 ! 9T5TION ( /RIPP+ !M ( !IR WEAPONS4 ,?IS CIRCUM/ANCE L$ ! =CES FROM ! PR\D REVOLUTION>Y REGION ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE TO BREAK UP 9TO T9Y GR\PS1 SOME ( :I* MADE !IR WAY HOME SURREPTITI\SLY1 :IL/ O!RS GA!R$ EQUALLY CL&E/9ELY 9 ,TAGANROG TO DET]M9E :AT %\LD BE DONE !REAFT]4 4 4 ,9 ,TAGANROG1 ,I WAS COMMISSION$ ALONG ) ,V]ETELNIKOV 7BY ! GR\P ( COMRADES !RE7 TO ORGANIZE A CONF]5CE4 ,IT W5T AHEAD4 ,ITS RESOLUTIONS W]E %ORT BUT TO ! PO9T1 9 ?AT NO P>TICIPANT HAD DECID$ TO CONT9UE ! FALL-BACK4 ,) ! EXCEPTION ( MYSELF1 ,V]ETELNIKOV & ?REE O!R COMRADES1 ALL ! O!RS DECID$ TO REJO9 ! FRONT L9ES & WORK AWAY !RE DISCREETLY AMONG ! PEASANTRY1 ) ! UTMO/ CAUTION4 ,MY F\R COLLEAGUES & ,I W]E COMMISSION$ BY ! CONF]5CE TO SP5D TWO OR ?REE MON?S 9 ,MOSC[1 ,PETROGRAD & ,KRON/ADT SO AS TO FAMILI>IZE \RSELVES ) ! PROGRESS ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ?OSE REVOLUTION>Y C5T]S1 BE=E RETURN+ TO ! ,UKRA9E BY ! FIR/ DAYS ( ,JULY1 TO ! >EAS :]E IT HAD BE5 DET]M9$ ?AT FREE ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DEF5SE BATTALIONS W]E TO BE ORGANIZ$1 ! CLE> 9T5TION BE+ NOT JU/ TO FIRY+ \T ! TASK ) :I* ,I HAD BE5 5TRU/$ BY ! ,TAGANROG CONF]5CE1 ,I MADE CONTACT ) ! REGION'S PEASANTS ) AN EYE TO *OOS+ FROM AMONG !M P]SONS DISPOS$ TO COMMIT !MSELVES TO ! /RUGGLE4 ,I HAD MEET+S ) NUM]\S PEASANT M5 & WOM5 :OM ,I HAD E>LI] HAD OCCASION TO BR+ >\ND TO MY WAY ( ?9K+4 ,) !IR HELP1 ,I MANAG$ TO TRACE C]TA9 ( MY COMRADES :O HAD ESCAP$ ! >RE/S & %OOT+S BY ! ,AU/RO-,G]MANS & ! EXECUTION]S ( ! REVOLUTION1 & :O W]E /ILL DET]M9$ TO FI* OP]ATIONS BY ! OCCUPI]S & !IR ALLIES1 (T5 FOLL[$ BY ! >RE/ & EXECUTION ( \R MO/ ACTIVE COMRADES1 WE MANAG$ QUITE QUICKLY TO GET UP & RUNN+ AN ORGANIZATION DESIGN$ TO PAVE ! WAY TO ! REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+ ( ! PEASANT MASSES AGA9/ ! ,HETMAN & HIS FEUDAL-AGR>IAN REGIME1 AS WELL AS AGA9/ !IR PROTECTORS1 ! ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN-,G]MAN TROOPS4 ,\R LANGUAGE AT ! TIME W5T LIKE ?IS3 ,PEASANTS1 WORK]S & Y\1 ! WORK+ 9TELLIG5TSIA6 ,SUPPORT ! REBIR? & EXPANSION ( ! REVOLUTION AS ! MO/ RELIABLE WEAPON 9 ! FITISAN /YLE REVOLUTION>Y COMBAT DETA*M5TS & BATTALIONS FROM AMONG Y\R RANKS1 !N RISE UP1 SET UPON ! ,HETMAN & ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN EMP]ORS - ?OSE :O S5T !IR SAVAGE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y >MIES AGA9/ US - & AT ALL CO/S DEFEAT !SE EXECUTION]S ( ! REVOLUTION & ( FRE$OM 4 4 4 6 ,! TOIL+ MASSES LI/5$ TO US & !Y UND]/OOD US4 ,VILLAGES & HAMLETS F> REMOV$ FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE ITSELF S5T !IR DELEGATES TO SEE US1 SEEK+ TO JO9 ! AN>*I/ GR\P & !N BR+ ONE ( ITS MEMB]S BACK ) !M = DISCUSSIONS & TO PREP>E ! WAY = ! UPRIS+4 ,AT ?AT TIME ,I US$ TO TRAVEL EI!R ALONE OR ) ?REE OR F\R COMRADES3 ,I HELD CL&E/9E MEET+S ) ! PEASANTS FROM !SE VILLAGES & DI/RICTS4 ,AFT] TWO MON?S ( ?IS DEM&+ & DOGG$ PROPAG&A & ORGANIZ+ EF=T1 C>RI$ \T BY ! REGION'S PEASANTS1 \R ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P OBS]V$ ?AT A SW>M ( WORK]S /OOD READY TO FOLL[ ITS LEAD1 AMONG !M MANY >M$ REBELS DET]M9$ TO PUT AN 5D TO ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL >BITR>9ESS ( ! ,HETMAN & ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN JUNK]S4 ,I RECALL ONE TIME :5 ! DELEGATES FROM ! UNITS :I* WE HAD ALREADY ORGANIZ$ SP5T A WEEK T\R+ ! REGION 9 AN ATTEMPT TO L9K UP ) ME4 ,I :O WAS ! MAN ! B\RGEOISIE & ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN COMM& LOV$ TO HATE4 ,= MY P>T1 ,I TOO TRAVEL$ >\ND FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE 9 ! COMPANY ( TWO OR ?REE COMRADES1 C>RY+ \T MY ORGANIZ+ DRIVE4 ,!Y MANAGE TO L9K UP ) ME & ON BEHALF ( ?OSE :O HAD S5T !M1 !Y ASK$ ME NOT TO PO/PONE ! UNLEA%+ ( ! G5]AL >M$ 9SURRECTION AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION'S 5EMIES TO SOME DATE DEEM$ MORE OPPORTUNE4 ,!Y 9=M$ ME3 74 4 47 ,NE/OR ,IVANOVIT*1 COME BACK TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE TO RAISE ITS 9HABITANTS 9 REVOLT6 ,IF !Y RISE1 ALL VILLAGES1 DI/RICTS & REGIONS WILL FOLL[ SUIT4 ,) Y\R B& ( AGITATOR COMRADES1 BY D9T ( Y\R ZEAL\S EF=TS1 Y\ HAVE ALREADY BR\E FEV] PIT* ( REVOLUTION>Y REVOLT AGA9/ ! ,HETMAN & ! ,AU/RO-,G]MANS4 ,Y\R SUMMONS1 ISSU$ FROM REBEL ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 WILL DO MORE = ! WORK ( 9SURRECTION = :I* WE WILL ALL PREP>E \RSELVES1 ?AN ALL !SE WEEKS Y\ HAVE SP5T T\R+ ! VILLAGES TO PREP>E ! WAY = ?IS UND]TAK+ ) V]BAL AGITATION1 EXPOS+ Y\R V]Y LIFE TO ! GREATE/ RISKS4 ,I DID NOT LET MYSELF BE SWAY$ BY SU* TRU/ & ! TRIBUTE PAID TO \R GR\P & TO ME P]SONALLY4 ,DEVOID ( ANY REVOLUTION>Y VANITY1 ,I /ROVE TO 9CULCATE ! SAME PRECEPT 9TO MY FRI5DS & ! MASSES AMONG :OM WE W]E OP]AT+2 IT WAS A MATT] ( RETA9+ ! LUCIDITY & UND]/&+ ?AT WE HAD CONJUR$ 9TO EXI/5CE = ! PROSECUTION ( ! REVOLUTION1 :I* HAD BE5 /ALL$ = ! TIME BE+ BY ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y EXECUTION]S4 ,MY TRAVELS ?R\< ! REVOLUTION>Y C5T]S ( ,RUSSIA1 ! EXP]I5CES & OBS]VATIONS ,I HAD G>N]$ FROM !M1 HAD ALL OP5$ MY EYES TO A LOT ( ?+S4 ,IT WAS = ALL !SE REASONS ?AT ALONG ) MY FRI5DS FROM ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P1 ,I HAD DEVOT$ MYSELF TO ! ORGANIZ+ ( ! PEASANT UPRIS+ AGA9/ ! 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION & BE5 SCRUPUL\SLY WAT*FUL LE/ ANY UND]PLAY+ ( \R ROLE MAKE US =GETFUL ( ! REAL TASKS ?AT HAD FALL5 TO \R LOT4 ,?US TO ALL ! IMPORTUNATE DEM&S FROM PEASANTS ?AT ! RIS+ BE UNLEA%$1 ,I CONT9UALLY REPEAT$1 9 MY CAPACITY AS 9/IGATOR & *IEF ( ! 9SURRECTION3 ,D[N Y\R WAY1 >E ALL Y\R =CES CONNECT$ 5\< ) Y\R GR\P 9 ORGANIZATIONAL T]MS8 ,HAVE Y\ ALL UND]/OOD ?AT ! 9SURRECTION MU/ ]UPT EV]Y:]E AT ! SAME TIME1 EV5 ?\< ! DIFF]5T DI/RICTS >E F> FROM ONE ANO!R8 - ,IF Y\ HAVE REALIZ$ ?AT1 IT W\LD NOT BE A WA/E ( TIME TO REFLECT ONE MORE TIME ON ! MO/ PRODUCTIVE WAY ( LAUN*+ \R >M$ /RUGGLE4 ,ESPECIALLY AS WE >E A LONG WAY FROM HAV+ ACCESS TO ! SAME TE*NICAL RES\RCES AS \R 5EMIES1 :5 9DE$ \R FIR/ BL[S WE /RIKE WILL HAVE TO SECURE US A NUMB] ( RIFLES & >TILL]Y PIECES1 AS WELL AS TW5TY C>TRIDGES & %ELLS = EA* RIFLE & CANNON4 - ,SU* A SUCCESS WILL BE D\BLY SATISFY+ TO US1 = WE %ALL PROMPTLY D]IVE GREAT] DET]M9ATION FROM IT1 POLITICALLY1 ORGANIZATIONALLY & 9 FITISAN DETA*M5TS WILL FALL UPON ! 5EMY FROM EV]Y SIDE1 !REBY S[+ ! MO/ UTT] CONFUSION AMONG ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN COMM& & ! ,HETMAN'S GOV]NM5T1 9 \R ,L[] ,DNIEPR & ,DONET ,BAS9 REGION AT ANY RATE4 ,!N1 DUR+ ! SUMM]1 EV5TS %\LD TAKE A MORE FAVORABLE TURN = US & ALL[ US TO /EP UP \R /RUGGLE EV5 FUR!R4 ,!SE W]E T]MS 9 :I* WE AN>*I/ PEASANTS ADDRESS$ ! TOIL+ MASSES AT A TIME ( DIRE DIFFICULTY = ! REVOLUTION & \R MOVEM5T'S IDEAS4 ,! QUE/ION MIRI$ AWAY BY ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT1 HAD WE NOT SIMPLY PLAC$ \RSELVES AT ! HEAD ( !SE MASSES1 SO IMBU$ ) ! ELEM5TS UNLEA%$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ TEMPE/ :I* WAS QUITE B]EFT ( ULT]IOR POLITICAL MOTIVES8 ,N[ ?IS MIIAN MOVEM5T >E ONLY R>ELY ACKN[L$G$ AS CRUCIAL4 ,9DE$1 = AN ACTIVE REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D1 ?IS WAS A TIME ( GREAT /RA91 = IT REQUIR$ PA9/AK+ PREP>ATION ( ! UPRIS+4 ,\R ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P WAS JU/ SU* A VANGU>D & EV5TS L$ IT TO POSE ! QUE/ION ( :E!R IT %\LD ASSUME COMPLETE RESPONSIBILITY = LEAD+ ! MOVEM5T ( ! SEE?+ TOIL+ MASSES OR SURR5D] ?AT ROLE TO SOMEONE ( !SE P>TIES ) !IR READY MADE PROGRAMS & :I* ALSO HAD ACCESS TO DIRECT SUPPORT FROM ! 'REVOLUTION>Y' ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T 9 ,MOSC[8 ,?AT QUE/ION MADE LIFE DIFFICULT = \R GR\P1 ESPECIALLY AS 9 SU* BUSY TIMES !RE WAS NO QUE/ION ( 9VOK+ AN>*ISM'S AB/RACT NOTIONS ) !IR REJECTION ( DISCIPL9$ ORGANIZATION ( REVOLUTION>Y =CES1 ! UP%OT ( :I* WAS ?AT AN>*I/S W\LD HAVE F\ND !MSELVES ISOLAT$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY & /R&$ BY ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! CREATIVE & PRODUCTIVE P>T ?AT WAS 9 PR9CIPLE !IRS TO PLAY4 ,= ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y >DOR & FIR/ H& EXP]I5CE ?AT IMPELL$ US TO SP>E NO EF=T TO ?W>T ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 WE ASPIR$ TO ACT AS AN>*I/S ) AN ABID+ FAI? 9 ! CORRECTNESS ( ! DOCTR9E'S FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES4 ,H[EV]1 WE W]E WELL AW>E ( ! DISORGANIZATION PREVAIL+ )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 DO+ IT CONSID]ABLE DAMAGE & PLAY+ 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ! ,LEFT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,WE ALSO REALIZ$ ?AT ?IS HABITUAL DISORGANIZATION WAS A LOT MORE FIRMLY ROOT$ AMONG MO/ AN>*I/S ?AN ! POSITIVE ASPECTS ( !IR TEA*+ & ?AT AS A RESULT1 ?IS DISORGANIZATION WAS SO MU* ! *IEF TRAIT ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?AT IT C\LD NOT BE EI!R COMPREH5D$ OR SUPPORT$ BY ! MASSES1 :O HAD NO DESIRE TO GO BL9DLY TO !IR DEA?S 9 SOME PO9TLESS /RUGGLE4 ,WE HAD FURNI%$ ! BE/ POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO ?IS PROBLEM BY ORGANIZ+ ! 9SURRECTION DIRECTLY & PAY+ NO HE$ TO ! POSSIBLE C>P+ FROM \R FELL[-BELIEV]S REG>D+ ?IS VANGU>DI/ /ANCE :I* !Y SAW AS ILL SUIT$ TO AN>*I/ TEA*+S4 ,?US 9 PRACTICE WE DISPOS$ ( SU* 9CONSEQU5TIAL BLA!R ?AT WAS SO DAMAG+ TO \R CAUSE & CONC5TRAT$ 9/EAD ON SEE+ ! /RUGGLE ?R\< TO COMPLETE VICTORY4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS REQUIR$ ?AT REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM1 IF IT S\T PROP]LY & FULFILL ITS ACTIVE TASK 9 CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTIONS1 FACE UP TO IMM5SE DEM&S ( AN ORGANIZATIONAL NATURE :E!R 9 ! TRA9+ ( ITS P]SONNEL OR 9 DEF9+ ITS DYNAMIC ROLE 9 ! E>LY DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION :5 ! TOIL+ MASSES W]E (T5 GROP+ !IR WAY4 ,COGNIZANT ( ! ATOMIZATION ( AN>*I/ CIRCLES & !IR SEMI-LEGAL EXI/5CE T[NS & CITIES1 :]E ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E SET UPON DE/ROY+ !M OR MAK+ !M 9TO AUXILI>IES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES1 WE PEASANT AN>*I/S OP]AT$ 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE 9 SU* A WAY AS TO 5SURE ?AT ! VOICE ( \R AN>*I/ MOVEM5T GOT A HE>+ !RE & TO DRAW \T ALL ?AT WAS BE/ & HEAL?IE/ FROM ! T[NS SO AS TO RAISE ! FLAG ( REVOLT AGA9/ ! ,HETMAN & HIS ,AU/RO-,G]MAN SPONSORS4 ,IT WAS ) ?IS 9 M9D ?AT \R GR\P S*OOL$ ! REGION'S TOIL+ PEASANTRY :IL/ NOT SURR5D]+ ONE IOTA ( BASIC AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES3 IT BOO/$ ! >M$ /RUGGLE & DRAFT$ ! POLITICAL PROGRAM ( ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T :I* SOON CAME TO KN[N EV]Y:]E AS ! 0,BATKO ,MAKHNO REVOLUTION>Y UNITS40 ,SO /RONG & PRODUCTIVE W]E ! GR\P'S 9FLU5CE & MY [N ?AT NO POLITICAL =CE 9IMICAL TO AN>*ISM1 P>TICUL>LY ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 HAD ANY *ANCE ( PREVAIL+ AGA9/ !M 9 ! M9DS ( ! 9SURG5T MASSES1 :O HE$$ NEI!R !IR SLOGANS NOR 9DE$ ! SPEE*IFY+ ( !IR ORATORS4 ,MAKHNO'S WORDS & ?OSE ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ PEASANT GR\P REG>D+ ! FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE ( WORK]S VIS-A-VIS ,CAPITAL & ITS S]VANT1 ! ,/ATE1 W]E TAK5 ON BO>D BY ! MASSES & !IR IMPORT REG>D$ AS ! BASIS = ! /RUGGLE TO REPLACE ! NOXI\S ORGANIZATION ( B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/ SOCIETY BY ! FREE ORGANIZATION ( TOIL]S4 ,IT WAS 9 ! NAME ( ?AT OBJECTIVE ?AT ! PEASANT MASSES CREAT$ A MIM$ =CE1 PLAC$ IT UND] ! COMM& ( ! ,/AFF ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN GR\P & !REAFT] SU/A9$ IT ON A P]MAN5T BASIS4 ,!SE ECONOMIC & PSY*OLOGICAL TIES W]E NEV] BROK5 AFT] ?AT1 ) ! TOIL+ POPULATION UN/9T+LY RALLY+ >\ND ! MOVEM5T EV5 9 ITS D>KE/ DAYS1 KEEP+ IT SUPPLI$ ) MANP[] & PROVISIONS4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION QUICKLY BECAME A L& AP>T1 = ALL /ATI/ T5D5CIES W]E BANI%$ FROM ITS SELF-ORGANIZATION4 ,! SAVAGE HORDES ( ,AU/RO-,G]MANS :O HAD HI!RTO KN[N NO RE/RA9T UPON !IR >BITR>9ESS1 W]E SMA%$ & DIS>M$1 ) !IR WEAPONRY BE+ TAK5 OV] BY ! MOVEM5T4 ,CONSEQU5TLY !SE TROOPS BEGAN TO SCURRY \T ( ! REGION3 AS = ! ,HETMAN ,SKOROPADSKY'S M51 SOME W]E HANG$1 O!RS DRIV5 \T4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T SOON LE>N$ ( ! EXI/5CE ( ?IS PR\D REGION AS WELL AS ( ! AN>*I/S :O W]E ! 9SPIRATION BEH9D ITS 9SURG5T MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS AT ?IS PO9T ?AT ,BOL%EVIK NEWSPAP]S US$ TO MAKE NO BONES AB\T CIT+ ! NAME ( ,MAKHNO ON !IR FRONT PAGES1 REPORT+ DAILY ! SUCCESSES ( ! CAMPAIGN WAG$ UND] HIS LEAD]%IP4 ,! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T =G$ AHEAD4 ,HAV+ R\T$ ! ,AU/RO-,G]MANS1 !N DRIV5 \T ! ,HETMAN'S M5 FROM A SUCCESSION ( DI/RICTS 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 IT 5C\NT]$ ! BEG9N+S ( ! ,D5IK9I/ BACKLA% & ! ,UKRA9IAN ,DIRECTORY - BETT] KN[N AS ! ',PETLIUROV%*9A' - AGA9/ :I* !Y PROMPTLY DEPLOY$ ALL !IR EF=TS UND] ! DIRECTION ( ! AN>*I/ PEASANTS1 AS EV]1 !Y BE+ ! REVOLUTION'S MO/ DEVOT$ SONS4 ,A BROAD FRONT WAS BUILT UP AGA9/ !SE NEW FOES & H]OIC MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS CONDUCT$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! REVOLUTION & A NEW1 FREE SOCIETY ( TOIL]S4 ,AGA9/ ?IS BACKDROP1 ! AN>*I/ PEASANTS ORGANIZ$ ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T ( ! ,UKRA9E'S TOIL]S1 :I* SUBSEQU5TLY GREW 9TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T4 ,9 LIY1 ALBEIT AN 9COMPLETE ONE1 ?OSE :O HAVE 5C\NT]$ ! FAIRY TALES P$DL$ BY ! 5EMIES ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A & ON OCCASION BY C]TA9 ( ITS 0FRI5DS10 D>+ TO SUGGE/ ?AT ?IS GRASSROOTS MOVEM5T HAD NO IDEOLOGY1 ?AT ITS DOCTR9AL & POLITICAL 9SPIRATIONS ALIKE W]E DRAWN FROM \TSIDE1 WILL BE 9 A POSITION TO CONCLUDE ?AT SU* ALLEGATIONS >E UTT]LY )\T F\NDATION4 ,! GUIDES ( ! MOVEM5T1 AS WELL AS ! TOIL+ PEASANT MASSES :O BACK$ IT FROM />T TO F9I%1 >E WELL AW>E ?AT IT WAS ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P & ?AT IT ALWAYS 5%R9$ ! AN>*I/ EXPECTATIONS ( ?OSE :O W]E NOT MISL$ BY REVOLUTION>Y V]BALISM NOR BY ! *AOTIC T5D5CIES & IRRESPONSIBLE M5TALITY SO FREQU5TLY 5C\NT]$ 9 ! T[NS4 ,! 9SPIRATIONS & ORGANIZ]S ( ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T SU* AS ! ,K>ETNIK BRO!RS1 ,ALEXIS ,M>*5KO1 ! ,SEM5YUTA BRO!RS1 ! ,DOMA%5KO BRO!RS1 ! ,MAKHNO BRO!RS1 ,LYUTY1 ,ZUI*5KO1 ,KORO/ELEV1 ,TROYAN1 ,DANILOV1 ,TYKH5KO1 ,MO%T*5KO1 ,A4 ,*UB5KO & LOTS ( O!RS1 W]E ALL AN>*I/S4 ,MANY ( !M HAD BE5 ACTIVE AMONG ! PEASANTS BACK 9 #a#i#f-#a#i#g & W]E 9 FACT ! MOVEM5T'S PIONE]S4 ,IT WAS !Y1 ALONG ) O!RS FROM 9SIDE ! MOVEM5T1 :O SU/A9$ IT 9 T]MS ( ITS POLITICAL IDEAS AS WELL AS ( ITS MILIT>Y & /RATEGIC ORGANIZATION4 ,ANY HELP FROM AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 ! ONES CLOSE/ 9 T]MS ( !IR ?9K+1 WAS EAG]LY AWAIT$ BUT TO \R GREAT REGRET WAS NEV] =?COM+ 9 AN ORGANIZATIONAL WAY4 ,= ! FIR/ N9E MON?S ( ITS MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION'S 5EMIES1 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T SAW NO?+ FROM :AT %\LD HAVE BE5 ITS NATURAL FRI5DS1 ! URBAN AN>*I/S4 ,IT WAS ONLY LAT] ?AT SOME CAME \T TO JO9 IT1 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL CAPACITY MA9LY1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE :O W]E 9DEBT$ TO ! MOVEM5T = !IR RELEASE FROM 5EMY H&S4 ,! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P FROM ,IVANOVO-,VOSNESS5SK1 HEAD$ BY COMRADES ,MAKEYEV & ,A4 ,*]NYAKOV1 WAS ! ONLY ONE TO ?R[ 9 ITS LOT ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 9 AN ORGANIZATIONAL WAY4 ,IT R5D]$ IT NE$$ & SIGNIFICANT HELP1 BUT UN=TUNATELY ONLY TEMPOR>ILY1 = MO/ ( ITS MEMB]S DRIFT$ AWAY A %ORT TIME LAT]4 ,?R\<\T !SE T\< YE>S ( AN UNEQUAL1 EXACT+ & 7POLITICALLY & HI/ORICALLY7 TELL+ /RUGGLE1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T DREW ALL ITS SU/5ANCE EXCLUSIVELY FROM ITS [N 9T]NAL RES\RCES4 ,?IS1 ,I AM CONV9C$1 WAS ! ESS5TIAL REASON :Y IT WAS ABLE TO /ICK /AUN*LY TO ITS REVOLUTION>Y PO/ &1 DESPITE ! 5DLESS FI*ISM & SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,ABID+ BY ITS AN>*I/ IDEAS1 =BIDD+ ! ,/ATE & ITS SUPPORT]S FROM 9T]F]+ ) ! SELF-DIRECTION ( ! URBAN & RURAL TOIL]S 9 !IR 5DEAVORS TO BUILD A FREE SOCIETY1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T C\LD NOT ( C\RSE EXPECT ANY HELP FROM ! /ATI/ POLITICAL P>TIES3 ON ! O!R H&1 IT WAS 5TITL$ TO LOOK = SU* HELP TO ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! T[NS1 :I* HELP1 UN=TUNATELY1 NEV] CAME4 ,DISORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES W]E SO DEEP ROOT$ AT ?AT TIME AMONG ! BULK ( ! AN>*I/S AS TO BL9D !M TO :AT WAS GO+ ON 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,ON ! :OLE1 !Y FAIL$ TO NOTICE OR TO GRASP 9 TIME ! AN>*I/ SPIRIT ABROAD 9 ! PEASANTRY1 &1 AS A RESULT TO BR+ !IR 9FLU5CE TO BE> ON ! URBAN WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS4 ,HAV+ TAK5 NOTE ( ?IS D]ELICTION1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T ?US HAS NO REASON TO FEEL GRATEFUL = ?IS DEFECT 9 ! AN>*I/S' URBAN ORGANIZATIONS4 ,\T ( ?IS APPRECIATION >OSE ITS FAI? 9 ! RID+ ! REVOLUTION>Y 5DEAVOR4 ,IT WAS ABLE TO ABIDE FIRMLY BY !SE1 :I* 5ABL$ IT TO FIS :IL/ RELY+ SOLELY UPON ITS [N RES\RCES4 ,9 !REBY LIV+ UP TO ITS REVOLUTION>Y DUTY1 :I* WAS BO? ON]\S & CRUCIAL1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T MADE BUT ONE S]I\S MI/AKE3 IT JO9$ =CES ) ,BOL%EVISM TO WAGE A JO9T CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ,WRANGEL & ! ,5T5TE4 ,:ILE ?AT COMPACT LA/$1 & IT WAS C]TA9LY VALUABLE PRACTICALLY & PSY*OLOGICALLY = ! SUCCESS ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T WAS MI/AK5 AB\T ! ,BOL%EVIKS' REVOLUTIONISM & FAIL$ TO TAKE PREV5TIVE /EPS 9 TIME AGA9/ !IR TREA*]Y4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS TREA*]\SLY ATTACK$ IT1 ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ALL !IR 0SOLDI]Y0 &1 ALBEIT ) GREAT DIFFICULTY1 DEFEAT$ IT = A TIME4 7,S\RCE3 ,DELO ,TRUDA ,N8#d#d-#d#e1 ,JANU>Y_/,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#h1 PP4 #c-#g4 ,TEXT FROM 0,! ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE & O!R ESSAYS0 BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 $IT$ BY ,ALEX&RE ,SIRDA1 TRANSLAT$ BY ,PAUL ,%>KEY1 PUBLI%$ BY ,A,K ,PRESS47 ,FROM 3 ,NE/OR,MAKHNO49FO4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,DECEMB] #c#a1 #aibg 3 ,ON ! #a? ,ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,9SURG5T ,MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,M>* #b#i1 #bba 3 ,ON ! #a? ,ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,9SURG5T ,MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,ON ! #a? ,ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,9SURG5T ,MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/