,*APT] #b 
,SC&9AVIA & ,5GL& 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,%LIAPNIKOV 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,J,\,R,N,E,Y TO ,TORNIO WAS PURE RELAXATION4 ,E>LY AUTUMN IS SO BEAUTIFUL AMONG ! LAKES & =E/S1 ! G5TLE HILLS & PLA9S4 ,I GOT TO ! FRONTI] JU/ BE=E DAWN4 ,ON ! 9/RUCTIONS ( ! G5D>ME ,I CROSS$ TO ! F> SIDE ( ! ,TORNIO-IOKI RIV]1 /AY$ ! NI<T !RE1 LEAV+ MY ?+S AT ! G5D>ME'S GU>D-PO/1 & 9 ! MORN+ :5 PASSAGE OV] ! BORD] WAS P]MITT$1 ACCOMPANI$ BY ! GOOD WI%ES & K9D ASSI/ANCE ( ! G5D>MES1 WALK$ ACROSS ! LONG WOOD5 BRIDGE TO ! ,SW$I% FRONTI] SETTLEM5T ( ,HAP>&A4 ,AT ?AT TIME ! RAILWAY HAD BE5 LAID ONLY AS F> AS ,K>UNKI1 SOME ?IRTY KILOMET]S NOR? ( ,HAP>&A4 ,) ! LAUN*+ ( HO/ILITIES 9 ! WE/ ALL CONTACT ) ABROAD BEGAN TO BE MADE ACROSS ?IS BORD]4 ,9 ! T[NS ALONG BO? SIDES ( ! FRONTI] HOTELS HAD ALREADY APPE>$1 BUT COMMUNICATIONS BETWE5 ,HAP>&A & ,K>UNKI W]E MA9TA9$ BY AN 5T]PRIS+ MOTORI/4 ,! REGION WAS ON A W> FOOT+1 & ASSIDU\S AGITATION WAS BE+ CONDUCT$ 9 FAVOR ( ,SW$5'S 5TRY 9TO ! W> AGA9/ ,RUSSIA4 ,! ATTITUDE T[>DS MYSELF1 AS A 0,FR5*MAN01 WAS TRU/+1 BUT ,RUSSIANS W]E SOME:AT FE>$ & SUSPECT$ ( BE+ SPIES4 ,WAIT+ = ! TRA9 AT ! BORD]1 ,I SP5T SEV]AL H\RS 9 ! HOTEL *ATT+ TO SOME ,SW$I% (FIC]S4 ,!Y W]E 5GAG$ 9 /R5G!N+ !IR FRONTI] AGA9/ AN EXPECT$ ,RUSSIAN 9VASION4 ,ALL ! (FIC]S W]E EC/ATIC AB\T ! VICTORIES ( ! ,G]MAN =CES4 ,!Y W]E QUITE C>RI$ AWAY BY ,G]MAN TACTICS1 WEAPONRY & ! G5]AL ORGANIZATION ( !IR >MY4 ,!Y HAD AN EXTREMELY VAGUE NOTION ( ,RUSSIA BUT HAD NO D\BTS AB\T ! FUTURE DEFEAT ( H] >MY4 

,! R\TE FROM ,K>UNKI TO ,/OCKHOLM LAY FIR/ ?R\< IMPASSABLE1 UNPOPULAT$ M>%L& & =E/S & BETWE5 M\NTA9S & RAV9ES4 ,MANY TROOPS W]E 9 ! >EA1 HA/ILY BUILD+ B>RACKS4 ,AT ,BOD51 A =TIFI$ REGION ( NOR!RN ,SW$51 SURVEILLANCE ( PASS+ =EIGN]S HAD BE5 M\NT$ & !Y W]E NOT ALL[$ TO TRAVEL \TSIDE ! T[N4 ,NOT F> FROM ! T[N !RE W]E M9ES4 ,ALONG ! L9E WE PASS$ MANY SPECIAL WAGONS LOAD$ ) ORE4 ,IT WAS ALL HEAD+ = ,LULEA1 A ,SW$I% PORT ON ! ,GULF ( ,BO?NIA :]E IT WAS LOAD$ ON TO ,G]MAN VESSELS & S5T TO ! BLA/ FURNACES4 ,! 9DU/RIAL & UND]GR\ND WORK]S 9 ?IS DI/RICT BACK$ ! LEFT W+ ( ! ,SW$I% P>TY1 ! 0Y\NG SOCIALI/S04 ,9 MANY T[NS !Y HAD !IR [N SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAP]S & BUILD+S :I* ACCOMMODAT$ SOCIAL CLUBS1 CANTE5S & WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS4 

,AT ,/OCKHOLM ,I WAS MET BY ! EMIGRANTS ,I HAD KN[N FROM ,B]L91 SU* AS ,KOLLONTAI & O!RS4 ,! L>GE COLONY ( ,RUSSIAN ,M5%EVIKS FROM ,B]L9 HAD MOV$ TO ,/OCKHOLM4 ,!Y 9CLUD$ ,Y4 ,L>9 7,M4 ,LURIE71 ! ,LEV9 BRO!RS1 ,URITSKY1 ,SEYDL] & O!RS4 ,!RE W]E A FEW EMIGRANTS FROM ,RUSSIA1 BUT !Y W]E MA9LY SOLDI]S & SAILORS FROM ! ,F9L& G>RISON :O HAD FL$ FOLL[+ ! CELEBRAT$ ,SVEABORG RIS+ ( #a#i#f4 ,9 ,/OCKHOLM !RE WAS A COMMON ORGANIZATION ( ,M5%EVIK & ,BOL%EVIK SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 :I* HAD BE5 JO9$ BY ALL ! ,RUSSIANS :O HAD MOV$ \T ( ! BELLIG]5T C\NTRIES4 

,AMONG ! ,M5%EVIKS ! POSITION ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM HAD BE5 ADOPT$ BY ,KOLLONTAI1 ,URITSKY & ! PR9T] ,N4 ,GORDON 7A ,BUNDI/74 ,! EMIGRANT WORK]S W]E ALL ON ! SIDE ( ! M9ORITY ( ,SW$I% SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & CONSEQU5TLY JO9$ ! ,/OCKHOLM GR\P ( ,BOL%EVIK SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 ,IMM$IATELY UPON >RIVAL 9 ,SW$5 ,I SET AB\T C>RY+ \T MY ASSIGNM5TS4 ,I E/ABLI%$ CONTACT ) ! =EIGN SECTION ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 S5T ! REPLY TO ,V&]VELDE'S TELEGRAM ON TO ! C5TRAL ORGAN1 ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT1 & WROTE TO ,L59 & ,Z9OVIEV1 BRIEF+ !M ON ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,I WROTE UP SEV]AL REPORTS :I* W]E 9CLUD$ 9 \R ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT & O!R NEWSPAP]S ABROAD4 ,I RECEIV$ 9=MATION & DIRECTIVES = =W>D+ TO ,RUSSIA FROM ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,P>TS ( MY LETT] TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ! C5TRAL ORGAN 9 ! =M ( REPORTS ON A NUMB] ( ISSUES4 

,/ ,PET]SBURG 

,! W> CAU<T US 9 A P]IOD ( /RUGGLE4 ,MOBILIZATION WAS ANN\NC$ :5 PROLET>IAN BLOOD HAD /ILL NOT BE5 WA%$ (F ! /REETS4 ,WE GREET$ ! DECL>ATION ( W> ) SECRET HOPES = ! MI<TY P[] ( ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 FROM :I* WE AWAIT$ ! 9ITIATIVE = AN ACTIVE /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! W>4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PRESS & REFUGEES MO/ K9DLY KEPT US 9=M$ ON ! C\RSE ( ! 0NEGOTIATIONS0 & ! CONDUCT ( ! ,G]MANS4 ,EA* REPORT WAS MORE HORRIFY+ ?AN ! ONE BE=E4 ,IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE ?AT ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS C\LD FALL SO L[ AS TO M>* H& 9 H& ) ,KAIS]ISM 444 EV5 IF 9 ! NAME ( ! 0/RUGGLE AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM04 ,SU* SUPPORT ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION NEI!R S\<T NOR WI%$ =4 ,?R\<\T ! CITY1 & ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA TOO1 ! NEWS WAS SPREAD AB\T ?AT ,WILHELM WAS C\NT+ *IEFLY UPON A ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,! BEHAVIOR ( ! ,G]MANS1 OR RA!R !IR BETRAYAL ( ! 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ( WORK]S1 & ! DECISION ( ! ,/UTTG>T ,CONGRESS & ALSO ! :OLE SITUATION DEPRIV$ US ( ! POSSIBILITY ( COM+ \T ACTIVELY AGA9/ ! W> DUR+ ! FIR/ WEEK ( MOBILIZATION4 

,DEMOCRACY REACT$ TO ! QUE/ION ( ! W> DIFF]5TLY FROM ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! VIEWS ( DEMOCRACY W]E FAIRLY ACCURATELY EXPRESS$ BY ! ,TRUDOVIK GR\P4 ,& ?IS VIEWPO9T WAS %>$ BY C]TA9 0,M>XI/0 9TELLECTUALS TOO4 ,WE1 ,PET]SBURG WORK]S1 >E ALL ! :ILE TRY+1 &1 DESPITE ! DIFFICULT CONDITIONS1 SUCCE$+ 9 MA9TA9+ AN 9T]NATIONALI/ /&PO9T4 ,A NATIONALI/ APPROA* TO ! QUE/ION CANNOT F9D SYMPA?Y 9 \R CIRCLES4 ,WE CAN ?9K ( ONE ?+ ONLY3 ! NECESSITY ( A 0GOV]NM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT0 & AN AU?ORITATIVE VOICE AGA9/ ! W> :I* MI<T BE ABLE TO BREAK ?R\< ! ?ICK SKULL ( ,G]MAN RE=MISM4 

,>RE/S >E TAK+ PLACE OV] ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! W>4 ,AB\T A MON? AGO A PROCLAMATION WAS PUT \T ) AN APPEAL = AN >M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! W>4 ,AFT]W>DS1 EI<TY PEOPLE W]E >RE/$4 ,SOME W]E ACCUS$ ( COMPOS+ IT4 ,!Y >E ALL 9 CU/ODY4 

,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT1 NO4 #c#c1 #a_/#a#a_/#a#d4 

#a ,OCTOB] 

,! LIQUIDATIONI/ 9TELLIG5TSIA HAVE BE5 /RONGLY 9FECT$ BY J+O PATRIOTIC T5D5CIES4 ,MANY ( !M DID NOT WI% TO HE> ( ANY W>4 ,BUT AT ! V]Y PO9T :5 WE W]E T]RORIZ$ BY ! MILIT>Y MA*9E !Y W]E ! FIR/ TO 0ADJU/0 TO ! DEM&S ( ! H\R & HOLD COLLECTIONS = B5EVOL5T SOCIETIES JO9TLY ) ! FACTORY MANAGEM5TS4 ,BUT ?IS WAS UNSUCCESSFUL ) WORK]S4 ,WE ON ! ,VYBORG BANK OPPOS$ ?IS ) A DEM& = /ATE SUPPORT = ! FAMILIES ( ?OSE :O HAD LEFT = ! W>4 ,WE DECID$ MOREOV] TO ORGANIZE COLLECTIONS 9 AID ( 0W> VICTIMS0 HAV+ 9 M9D AID = ! FAMILIES ( COMRADES :O HAD GONE (F TO ! W> & AID = UNEMPLOY$ & CONVICTS4 ,BUT ALL ?IS C\LD BE DONE ONLY :]E WE W]E ABLE TO TAKE MATT]S 9TO \R [N H&S & NOT SURR5D] \R RES\RCES TO ! 0SOCIETIES04 ,AT C]TA9 WORKS 7,NEVA ,ME*ANICAL1 ,NEVA ,/E>91 ,OBUKHOV & ,SEM5OV7 !RE W]E P]C5TAGE D$UCTIONS4 ,!SE >E RUN BY ! MANAGEM5T & WORK]S4 ,BEYOND ! ,NEVA ,GATE MONEY IS GO+ TO ! LOCAL ORPHANAGE :I* IS A GREAT %AME4 ,?ANKS TO ! ACTIVITY ( \R WORK] COMRADES ! LIQUIDATIONI/S >E NOT HAV+ ANY SUCCESS4 ,EV5 BELLICOSE-M9D$ LIQUIDATIONI/S QUICKLY S(T5 !IR TONE :5 !Y RUN 9TO !IR WORK]S4 ,! 0LIB]ATION ( ! ,SLAVS0 IS MEET+ V]Y LITTLE SUCCESS ) WORK]S4 ,MANY WI% 9 SECRET = ! VICTORY ( ! ,FR5*1 ,BRITI% & ,BELGIANS BUT W\LD BE CONT5T ) !IR [N C\NTRY'S DEFEAT4 ,IT MU/ BE NOT$ ?AT ! CONFUS$ SITUATION :I* IS BE+ ?US FUR!R CONFUS$ BY ALL & SUNDRY HAS HAD A V]Y S]I\S EFFECT UPON WORK]S4 ,ACC\NTS & TALES AB\T ,G]MAN ATROCITIES EV5 IF QUALIFI$ >E GIV5 A C]TA9 CR$IT BY WORK]S AS !RE US$ TO BE ,G]MAN =EM5 & 5G9E]S & O!RS 9 MANY FIRMS :O 5JOY$ ! REPUTATION ( BOORS4 ,*AUV9ISM CANNOT BE S5S$ 9 WORK+-CLASS CIRCLES & WILL NOT1 ,I ?9K1 TAKE ROOT 9 SPITE ( ! 0WORK0 ( ! V5AL PRESS4 ,9 ! PROV9CES ! MOOD IS LESS CLE>LY DEF9$ BUT !RE IS MU* GRIEF & POV]TY4 ,! W> IS TOL]AT$ BUT UNPOPUL>4 

,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT1 NO4 #c#e1 #a#b_/#a#b_/#a#d4 

#aa ,OCTOB] 

,I ?9K Y\ RECEIV$ MY LETT]S AFT] ! ,PET]SBURG B>RICADES ) ! DETAIL$ DESCRIPTION ( ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 ,I %ALL NOT DWELL ON ! 9DIVIDUAL P]IPETEIA ( ?AT /RUGGLE :I* CO/ US SOME #a1 >RE/S4 

,A FEW DAYS OR P]HAPS A WEEK PRIOR TO ! DECL>ATION ( W> ALL ! GU>DSM5 & O!R =CES RETURN$ FROM !IR CAMPS TO ,PET]SBURG4 ,WE ?\<T AT FIR/ ?AT ?IS WAS = ! 0MA9T5ANCE ( ORD]0 BUT !N WE S5S$ ! SPECT] ( AN APPROA*+ W>4 ,! MAJORITY ( FACTORIES & PLANTS W]E CLOS$4 ,! SYNDICATE ( 9DU/RIALI/S HAD DECID$ TO PUNI% US ) A 0NICE LITTLE LOCK-\T0 UNTIL AB\T #bb TO #be ,JULY4 ,BUT ! ADV5T ( MOBILIZATION PROMPT$ ! GOV]NM5T TO DEM& ?AT MANUFACTUR]S REOP5 !IR PLANTS TO PLACATE ! WORK]S & ?IS WAS DONE FROM #af & #ag ,JULY4 ,MANY WORK]S W]E ON ! V]GE ( DISP]S+ TO !IR HOMES ON ! \TSKIRTS & ONLY LE>N$ ( ! />T BACK SOME TIME LAT]4 ,MOBILIZATION WAS ANN\NC$ ON ! NI<T ( ,SATURDAY #a#i? ) ! CALL TO REPORT TO LOCAL POLICE /ATIONS AT #f O'CLOCK NEXT MORN+4 ,:5 WE >RIV$ AT ! FACTORIES WE C\LD SEE ?AT AT LEA/ =TY P] C5T ( ! MALE WORK=CE WAS ABS5T4 ,)\T *ANG+ !Y W5T \T 9TO ! /REETS ( ! ,VYBORG BANK S++ REVOLUTION>Y SONGS & %\T+3 0,D[N ) ! W>60 ,ALL ! ,BOL%OI ,SAMPSONIEVSKI ,PROSPEKT WAS OV]FL[+ ) PEOPLE :O HAD LEFT !IR WORK4 ,!RE WAS ! WEEP+ ( WOM5 & ! WAIL ( LAM5TATION AT ! ASSEMBLY PO9TS4 ,SOMETIMES ! VOICES ( 9DIVIDUAL WOM5 %\T$ ?R\< !IR TE>S 0,D[N60 BUT MO/ JU/ WEPT 444 

,! W> HAD CAU<T US ORGANIZ$ WORK]S UNAW>ES4 ,ON ! V]Y FIR/ DAY ( MOBILIZATION A PROCLAMATION WAS HA/ILY WRITT5 & HECTOGRAPH$ :I* SAID ?AT ! CULPRIT = ! W> WAS ! PR$ATORY POLITICS ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT PO9T$ \T ?AT ! ,G]MAN1 ,AU/RIAN1 ,FR5* & ,BRITI% WORK]S HAD ALWAYS F\<T & >E /ILL FI<T+ AGA9/ ! W> 9TO :I* ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & PEASANTS HAD BE5 DRAGG$ BY CZ>ISM :I* HAD SUFF]$ A REV]SE 9 ITS ,F> ,EA/]N ADV5TURE & WI%$ TO REGA9 GR\ND 9 ! ,NE> ,EA/4 ,IT PO9T$ \T ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T WAS LY+ :5 IT SAID IT WAS M>*+ TO FREE ! ,SLAVS AS1 )9 ITS [N C\NTRY1 IT KEPT ! PEOPLE 9 COMPLETE SLAV]Y4 ,! LEAFLET 5D$ ) AN APPEAL = A /RUGGLE = ! DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC & A DECL>ATION ( W> ON ! W>4 ,! LEAFLET WAS TO HAVE BE5 PR9T$ BUT ! EQUIPM5T WAS SEIZ$4 

,DUR+ ! FIR/ DAYS AFT] MOBILIZATION ! C5T] ( ,PET]SBURG WAS SWAMP$ ) (FICIALLY-9SPIR$ PATRIOTIC DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ :I* WE HAD TO CONDUCT A /RUGGLE BY TRY+ TO TURN !M FROM 0PATRIOTIC0 TO 0R$04 ,?IS 9VOLV$ A FEW CLA%ES4 ,AT A TIME :5 ! CITY HAD TAK5 ON ! LOOK ( A MILIT>Y CAMP WE C\LD HAVE UND]TAK5 SOME?+ BOLD BUT WE HAD NO DECISIONS FROM ! ORGANIZATION = ?AT4 ,WE W\LD NOT ( C\RSE HAVE BE5 SURE ( SUCCESS AS WE C\LD HAVE BE5 ISOLAT$1 = ALL MEANS ( COMMUNICATION HAD BE5 PLAC$ UND] MILIT>Y CONTROL & !RE WAS NO CONTACT ) ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY4 ,& :5 LAT] A ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE LEAFLET CAME \T ) A CALL TO /OCK >MS & FI<T ACTIVELY WE F\ND \RSELVES GREATLY WEAK5$ = ANY SORT ( POLITICAL ACTION BECAUSE ( ! DEP>TURE ( ! RES]VI/S4 ,WE KE5LY FELT ! IMPACT ( ! W>TIME T]ROR 9 ! %APE ( ! 0/ATE ( W>04 ,RES]VI/S WORK+ 9 ! METALWORK+ 9DU/RIES HAVE BE5 RELEAS$ FROM MILIT>Y S]VICE 9 CASES :]E !Y WORK$ 9 5T]PRISES FULFILL+ GOV]NM5T CONTRACTS4 ,?AT APPLI$ TO NE>LY ALL ,PET]SBURG'S METALLURGICAL & 5G9E]+ 9DU/RY4 ,BUT ?IS SECTOR ( ! ,PET]SBURG WORK+ CLASS WAS /ILL UND] MILIT>Y CONSCRIPTION & SO WAS GOV]N$ BY MILIT>Y REGULATIONS4 ,ONCE !Y 0ADJU/$0 TO ! /ATE ( W> ! MOOD BECAME MORE BUOYANT & PEOPLE />T$ TO ?9K & WORK T[>DS RESURRECT+ !IR AIL+ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS' BETRAYAL HAD AT FIR/ A DEPRESS+ EFFECT UPON ! G5]AL MOOD4 ,! FACT WAS ?AT AL?\< WE HAD ALL BE5 9T]NATIONALLY-M9D$ WE DID NOT HAVE ANY OPPORTUNITY TO DRAW ON ANY FACTS ( ! 9T]NATIONALISM ( WORK]S 9 ,AU/RIA & ,G]MANY 9 \R PROPAG&A4 ,!IR BEHAVIOR UNTI$ ! H&S ( ! DIFFID5T ELEM5TS & ! ,RUSSIAN OPPORTUNI/S & KNOCK$ ! GR\ND FROM UND] ! FEET ( US ,BOL%EVIK WORK]S4 

,! NEWS ( \R ,P>IS ,BOL%EVIKS GO+ (F 9 ! >MY1 ! 0COZY *ATS0 BY ?AT OLD MAN ( ,G5EVA1 ,PLEKHANOV1 & ! SITUATION AS A :OLE ALSO CA/S QUITE A GLOOMY %AD[ ACROSS \R HEADS4 

,! 9DIVIDUAL NATIONALI/S DECID$ TO 0SUPPORT0 ! GOV]NM5T 9 ! HOPE ( OBTA9+ P]KS OR 9DULG5CES4 ,! 7B\RGEOIS7 ,JEWS (F]$ PRAY]S = VICTORY 9 ! SYNAGOGUES & 9 ,PET]SBURG M>*$ ) ! ,CZ>'S PORTRAIT2 !Y JO9$ UP AS VOLUNTE]S &1 9 ,ODESSA1 FELL UPON ! NECKS ( ! ,PELICANOVITES4 ,ALL ?IS IS UTT]LY REPULSIVE & FALSE4 ,AS BE=E1 ! ,JEWS >E H>ASS$ & !RE HAS BE5 NO 0APPEAL0 FROM ! ,CZ> TO !M4 

,ALL IS ALSO PATRIOTIC AMONG ! ,>M5IANS :ILE AMONG ,UKRA9IANS !RE IS DISCONT5T OV] ! 0LIB]ATION0 ( ,GALICIA4 ,! ,Y\NG ,TURKS' P>TY HAD MADE A PROPOSAL TO ! ,GEORGIANS TO /AY NEUTRAL 9 ! EV5T ( ,RUSSIA DECL>+ W> & PROMIS$ AUTONOMY = !M & ! ,TRANSCAUCASIAN REGION 9 EX*ANGE BUT ! ,GEORGIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS DECL9$ TO NEGOTIATE4 

,! ,G]MANS HAD (F]$ ,F9L& TO ,SW$5 & YET PROMIS$ !IR S]VICES TO ! ,F9NS TF !Y TOOK A /& AGA9/ ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT ! CONGRESS ( ,F9NI% SOCIAL DEMOCRACY RESOLV$ TO W9 IMPROVEM5TS 9 ,F9L&'S CONDITION ?R\< JO9T EF=TS ) ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE & DECID$ TO FI<T AGA9/ ! SECTIONAL 9T]E/S ( A P>T ( ! ,SW$I% B\RGEOISIE4 

,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT1 NO4 #c#e1 #a#b_/#a#b_/#a#d4 

,I GOT 9 T\* ) ! ,SW$I% SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 :O HAD AT ?AT TIME A S+LE ORGANIZATIONAL APP>ATUS DESPITE ! DISAGREEM5TS ?AT W]E TE>+ IT AP>T4 ,I BECAME ACQUA9T$ ) ?AT M>VEL\S COMRADE1 ,FR$RIK ,/ROM1 ! P>TY'S SECRET>Y & A MEMB] ( ! ,UPP] ,*AMB] & ! LEAD] ( ! Y\NG SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 ,WE TALK$ 9 A MIXTURE ( ,G]MAN & ,FR5*4 ,9 A BRIEF SPACE ( TIME ,I ALSO GOT TO KN[ O!R LEAD]S ( ! 0Y\NG M501 AS ! LEFT SOCIAL DEMOCRATS W]E CALL$ !RE3 ,ZE? ,HOGLUND1 ! FAVORITE ( ,SW$I% REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC WORK]S1 ! MAYOR ( ,/OCKHOLM1 ,C>L ,L9DHAG51 ,K>L ,KILBOM1 ! TAL5T$ L+UI/ ,HANS ,S*ELD1 & O!RS4 ,!Y W]E ALL V]Y 9T]E/$ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 \R C\NTRY4 ,MY REPORT ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC WORK]S HAD TAK5 AN ANTI-MILIT>I/ /ANCE WAS GREATLY WELCOM$4 ,!Y P]SONALLY (F]$ ACTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 MY WORK ON COMMUNICATIONS ) ,RUSSIA4 

,! Y\NG ,SW$I% SOCIAL DEMOCRATS W]E /AUN* ANTI-MILIT>I/S4 ,BUT !IR ANTI-MILIT>I/ IDEOLOGY CONTA9$ A LOT ( B\RGEOIS 0PACIFISM04 ,! ULTIMATE SLOGAN ( ,SC&9AVIAN LEFT SOCIAL DEMOCRATS WAS 0LAY D[N ! WEAPONS01 CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTION & O!R SU* ,TOL/OYISMS4 ,?IS /EMM$ P>TLY FROM ! SITUATION ( !SE EXTREMELY SMALL C\NTRIES1 :]E 79 ,SW$5 9 P>TICUL>7 ! B\RGEOISIE W]E V]Y MILIT>I/IC4 ,9 ?AT C\NTRY ESPECIALLY1 ! >MY HAD CLE>LY %[$ ?AT IT EXI/$ NOT SO MU* TO GU>D AGA9/ 9VASION FROM ! NOR? AS = DOME/IC PURPOSES4 

,) GREAT CURIOSITY ,I W5T TO A MEET+ ) ,HJALM> ,BRANT+1 ! OLD LEAD] ( ,SC&9AVIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & AN EQUALLY OLD OPPORTUNI/ ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,I F\ND HIM DUR+ A SESSION ( ! P>TY'S ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,TALL1 GRAY1 ) A K9D BUT FIRM EXPRESSION ON HIS FACE & BU%Y EYEBR[S OV] DEEP-SET 9TELLIG5T EYES1 HE MADE A =MIDABLE IMPRESSION4 ,MY (FICIAL PROPOSAL TO PUBLI% \R ,DUMA FACTION'S REPLY TO ,V&]VELDE'S TELEGRAM & TO S5D IT TO O!R C\NTRIES WAS PUT TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ?AT SAME DAY & APPROV$4 ,I MADE A =MAL REPORT TO !IR ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ON ! SITUATION 9 \R C\NTRY & ! ATTITUDES TO ! W> ( ! DIFF]5T SOCIAL CLASSES4 ,FROM \R EX*ANGE ( OP9IONS IT WAS EASY TO DISC]N ,BRANT+'S [N VIEWS ON ! REC5T EV5TS4 ,\R NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TO ! W> & ! REJECTION ( ANY SUPPORT :ATSOEV] = ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T'S W> MA*9E WAS 0APPRECIAT$0 BY ,BRANT+1 BUT HE DID NOT WI% TO APPRECIATE OR %>E \R CRITICISM ( ! P>TIES ( ,G]MANY1 ,AU/RIA & ,FRANCE :I* HAD BETRAY$ 9T]NATIONAL DECISIONS & ! :OLE SPIRIT ( SOCIALI/ TEA*+4 ,HE ADOPT$ ! /&PO9T ( 0DEF5SE04 ,HE SUBORD9AT$ ! !ORETICAL APPROA* T[>DS W>S 9 \R TIME TO QUE/IONS ( /RATEGY4 ,! ONE :O WAS ! FIR/ TO FIRE1 TO CROSS A L9E CALL$ A FRONTI]1 WAS ! (F5D] & ?US TO BLAME = ! W>4 ,BRANT+ CONDEMN$ ! ,G]MANS = !IR CONDUCT BUT AT ! SAME TIME HE TRI$ TO 0APPRECIATE0 !IR POSITION1 & READILY ACCEPT$ ?AT ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS W]E ACT+ ON ! ASSUMPTION ( A ?REAT5$ ONSLAU<T BY CZ>I/ =CES4 ,HIS POSITION WAS A HOPELESS ONE1 D5Y+ AS IT DID ANY OPPORTUNITY = ! PROLET>IAT TO ACT 9 CONC]T YET PROVID+ ! 0DIPLOMATS0 ( SOCIALISM ) 0PR9CIPLES0 = E/ABLI%+ ! 0CULPRIT0 ( ! W>4 ,9 HIS [N C\NTRY1 H[EV]1 ,BRANT+ WAG$ AN 5]GETIC /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE'S ,G]MANOPHILIA & EF=TS TO DRAG ,SW$5 9TO ! W>4 ,BUT ?IS /RUGGLE WAS NOT F\ND$ ON A FI<T AGA9/ *AUV9ISM ITSELF BUT ON ! DESIRE TO REBUFF ,G]MANOPHILE *AUV9ISM & REPLACE IT ) ,FRANCOPHILIA4 ,DESPITE \R DIFF]5CES & MY %>P CRITICISM ( ! OPPORTUNI/S1 WE P>T$ FRI5DS1 & ,BRANT+ PROMIS$ ALL K9DS ( ASSI/ANCE = MY WORK = ,RUSSIA4 

,! ACTIVITY ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,SC&9AVIAN SOCIALI/ P>TIES 9 ! REMA9+ 0NEUTRAL0 C\NTRIES 7,HOLL&1 ,D5M>K1 ,NORWAY & ,SW$57 AM\NT$ TO DIPLOMATIC M$IATION BETWE5 ! 0SP>R+ BRO!RS04 ,!Y TRI$ ALL WAYS ( PREVAIL+ ON !IR [N GOV]NM5TS TO MAKE (FICIAL (F]S ( PEACEFUL M$IATION4 ,H[EV]1 ! CAPITALI/S 9 ! BELLIG]5T C\NTRIES QUICKLY LET IT BE UND]/OOD ?AT !Y W]E 9 E>NE/ UNTIL ! UTT] R\T ( ONE OR ! O!R4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! NEUTRAL C\NTRIES /ROVE TO EXHIBIT !IR 0NEUTRALITY0 BY AVOID+ UPSETT+ EI!R ( ! W>R+ BLOCS4 ,?IS COMMON FE> BR\<T ! SMALL C\NTRIES 9TO A MILIT>Y & POLITICAL ALLIANCE4 
  

,\R ,REVOLUTION>Y ,WORK & ,DIPLOMACY BY ! ,CONCILIATORS 

,?ANKS TO ! L>GE NUMB] ( BUS9ESSM5 & EMIGRANTS LIABLE TO CONSCRIPTION RETURN+ TO ,RUSSIA1 COMMUNICATIONS ) ,PET]SBURG W]E PRETTY FAIR4 ,AT FIR/ ,I MANAG$ TO HAVE LETT]S S5T DIRECT1 VIA PASS5G]S ON ! /EAM]S PLY+ BETWE5 ,/OCKHOLM & ! ,F9NI% PORTS ( ,TURKU & ,RAUMA1 BUT ) ! EXT5SION ( HO/ILITIES & ! ONSET ( W9T] !SE MEANS C\LD NOT BE US$4 ,LIKEWISE TI<T] MEASURES W]E BE+ TAK5 AT ! FRONTI]S & PASS5G]S W]E ?OR\<LY SE>*$4 ,ALL ?IS HAD TO BE TAK5 9TO ACC\NT & SECURE COMMUNICATION L9ES F\ND4 

,9 MY ATTEMPTS TO ORGANIZE TRANSPORT ,I MADE ! ACQUA9TANCE ( LEAD+ FIGURES 9 ! ,SW$I% TRADE UNIONS4 ,SW$5'S TRADE UNIONS W]E ORGANIZ$ ON ! MODEL ( ! ,G]MAN & W]E AK9 TO !M 9 TACTICS4 ,! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T WAS CONSID]ABLE & ALREADY HAD RI* EXP]I5CE ( COMBAT4 ,I GOT TO KN[ ! *AIRMAN ( !IR C5T] & SOME METALWORK]S1 TANN]S & TRANSPORT WORK]S4 ,! REPRES5TATIVE ( ! LATT]1 ,*>LES ,L9DLEY1 A GREAT ADMIR] ( ! ,5GLI% TRANSPORT WORK]S' UNION1 GAVE ME GREAT HELP 9 ORGANIZ+ L9KS ) ,F9L&4 ,HE WAS ACQUA9T$ ) FI%]M5 & SEAM5 ALONG ! 5TIRE ,GULF ( ,BO?NIA & ,I MANAG$ TO CONFIRM ! POSSIBILITY ( >RANG+ TRANSPORT BY SMUGGL+ ACROSS ! GULF1 :I* C\LD BE DONE ON QUITE A L>GE SCALE PROVID+ ?AT !RE WAS MONEY4 ,I REPORT$ ?IS TO ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE & ! ,DUMA FACTION1 BUT RECEIV$ ! SAD NEWS ?AT !Y W]E NOT 9 A POSITION TO GIVE ! NECESS>Y SUM ( SOME #c TO #e RUBLES A MON?4 ,IT WAS H>D 5\< = !M TO S5D \T MONEY = MY KEEP1 &1 HAV+ ONCE S5T ME #a RUBLES1 ! COMRADES RECOMM5D$ ?AT ,I >RANGE ALL MY [N EXP5SES4 ,I C\LD NOT EV5 BEG9 TO ?9K ( F9D+ WORK1 AS ?OSE FIR/ MON?S ( W> HAD CAUS$ GREAT UNEMPLOYM5T 9 ,SW$5 & ! PLANTS W]E OP]AT+ ONLY A FEW DAYS P] WEEK4 ,NO OPPORTUNITY PRES5T$ ITSELF ( F9D+ RES\RCES 9 ! LOCAL EMIGRANT COMMUNITY1 AL?\< !RE W]E A LOT ( SPECULATIVE RACKETE]S !RE4 ,\R P>TY'S =EIGN-BAS$ ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE WAS TOO POOR TO ALLOCATE SU* A SUM = ?IS OP]ATION4 ,9 ORD] TO KEEP ! WORK GO+ ,I RESORT$ TO LOANS & S5T BACK NEWS ONLY OCCASIONALLY4 

,DUR+ ! FIR/ DAYS ( ,NOVEMB] ISSUE NO4 #cc ( ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT CAME \T1 & WE HAD TO ?9K AB\T H[ TO DELIV] IT TO ,RUSSIA4 ,= ?IS ,I DECID$ TO MAKE USE ( MY COBBL] ACQUA9TANCES4 ,9 VIEW ( ! SE>*ES AT ! BORD]1 PEOPLE RETURN+ TO ,RUSSIA W]E REFUS+ TO C>RY ANY?+ COMPROMIS+ & WE HAD TO ?9K AB\T CONCEALM5T4 ,!RE W]E MANY ME?ODS3 9 TRUNKS1 BOOK B9D+S1 DRESSES1 UMBRELLAS1 WALK+-/ICKS1 FOOTWE> & SO ON4 ,I FANCI$ FOOTWE>4 ,I GAVE MY BOOTS TO A COBBL] :O HAD BE5 SPECIALLY RECOMM5D$ & WORK$ 9 /RICT SECRECY1 & SUGGE/$ ?AT HE CUT HOLL[S 9SIDE ! HEELS & SOLES & FILL !M UP ) ! ?9 ISSUES ( ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT4 ,I BROKE !M 9 SO ?AT !Y DID NOT SEEM TOO NEWLY M5D$4 ,9TO ?AT FIR/ PAIR W5T A SMALL NUMB] ( COPIES :I* W]E S5T BY R\NDAB\T R\TES TO ,PETROVSKY 9 ,PET]SBURG4 ,! COBBL] COMRADE SUBSEQU5TLY BECAME SO ADEPT ?AT HE C\LD TUCK UP TO TW5TY COPIES AWAY 9 EA* PAIR ( %OES4 

,! APPE>ANCE ( \R P>TY'S PR9T$ ORGAN ) ITS LEAD+ >TICLES DEF9+ ! POSITION ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ON ! W>1 & ! SPREAD ( NEWS FROM ,RUSSIA & ! ,DUMA FACTION'S REPLY TO ,V&]VELDE'S TELEGRAM1 PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,SC&9AVIAN PRESS1 /IRR$ UP ALL ! =CES HO/ILE TO ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,!RE W]E 9 ! EMIGRANT CIRCLES ( ,/OCKHOLM AT ?AT TIME SOME 9VET]ATE 5EMIES ( \R P>TY SU* AS ,MESSRS LIQUIDATORS ,L>9 7,M4 ,LURIE71 ! ,ORGANIZ+ ,COMMITTEE'S REPRES5TATIVE & CORRESPOND5T ( ,RUSSKIE ,V$OMO/I1 ,LEV9 7,DAL97 & O!RS4 ,!SE M5 H>BOR$ A DEEP HATR$ T[>DS ME P]SONALLY1 EV5 ?\< ,I WAS NOT ACQUA9T$ ) !M4 ,ALL MY REPORTS ON ,RUSSIA & ! NEWS ,I HAD RECEIV$ DIRECT FROM ,PET]SBURG W]E GREET$ BY !SE PEOPLE ) AN 9COMPREH5SIBLE HO/ILITY4 ,!Y1 & ,YURI ,L>9 9 P>TICUL>1 RAN >\ND ! ,SW$I% P>TY COMRADES SY/EMATICALLY UND]M9+ CONFID5CE 9 \R P>TY & \R ILLEGAL ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT !IR 5DEAVORS W]E NOT CR[N$ ) SUCCESS4 ,! Y\NG SOCIAL DEMOCRATS SOON REALIZ$ ) :OM !IR 9T]E/S LAY & ATTA*$ NO IMPORTANCE TO ,L>9'S 9TRIGUES4 ,I WAS TO BE FREQU5TLY AMAZ$ AT ! OPPORTUNISM ( ?IS SICK MAN4 .<#a.> 

,AT ! 5D ( ,OCTOB] #aiad ! DIEH>D OPPORTUNI/1 ,TROEL/RA1 ! LEAD] ( ! ,DUT* SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 >RIV$ 9 ,/OCKHOLM4 ,HE HAD COME ) A SPECIAL ASSIGNM5T D\BTLESS 5TRU/$ TO HIM BY ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 ,?IS WAS TO OBTA9 AGREEM5T = ! TRANSF] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,BUREAU TO ,AM/]DAM1 & ALSO TO CL>IFY ! VACILLAT+ SYMPA?IES ( OPPORTUNI/ ,SC&9AVIAN SOCIALISM AB\T :Y ! ,G]MANS HAD BE5 RI<T TO 0DEF5D !IR FA!RL&04 

,TROEL/RA HAD CONVEY$ VIA ! ,SW$I% P>TY HIS DESIRE TO MEET ME AS REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P4 ,I AGRE$4 ,! MEET+ WAS HELD 9 A HOTEL1 & ! ,O,C REPRES5TATIVE1 ,L>91 HAD BE5 9=M$2 HE >RIV$ ACCOMPANI$ BY ,DAL91 ,KOLLONTAI & O!RS CAME TOO4 ,I GAVE HIM 9=MATION AB\T ,RUSSIA & H&$ HIM \R 0,MANIFE/O0 & ! LETT] TO ,V&]VELDE4 ,TROEL/RA ASK$ ME TO CONVEY TO HIM1 9 LETT] =M1 ! ATTITUDE ( ,PET]SBURG WORK]S TO ! W> & ALSO AN EXPLANATION AS TO :Y ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES W]E TREAT+ ! CURR5T W> DIFF]5TLY FROM ! ,RUSSO-,JAPANESE ,W>4 ,I HAVE PRES]V$ ! R\< DRAFT ( ?IS LETT]1 :I* RUNS AS FOLL[S3 

,DE> ,COMRADES1 

,Y\ ASK ME TO WRITE TO Y\ AB\T :AT ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT ?9KS AB\T ! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S' VIEW ( ! QUE/ION ( ! 0/RUGGLE AGA9/ CZ>ISM04 ,I MU/ ABOVE ALL1 DE> COMRADES1 /ATE TO Y\ ?AT ! DECL>ATION ( W> CAU<T US WORK]S ( ,PET]SBURG1 ,MOSC[1 ,RIGA1 ,BAKU & O!R 9DU/RIAL C5T]S AT A MOM5T ( ACTIVE ECONOMIC & POLITICAL MOVEM5T4 ,A FEW DAYS BE=E !RE HAD BE5 B>RICADES 9 ,PET]SBURG4 ,ON MOBILIZATION DAY PROTE/+ MASSES ( WORK]S M>*$ ?R\< ! CITY ) R$ BANN]S AS !Y ESCORT$ RES]VI/S TO ! ASSEMBLY PO9TS4 ,9 ?OSE FIR/ DAYS WE ,PET]SBURG WORK]S C\LD NOT SOMEH[ BELIEVE 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( W>4 ,WE KNEW ?AT ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! FRONTI] !RE W]E P[]FUL CADRES ( ORGANIZ$ WORK]S :O W\LD NEI!R P]MIT NOR ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE PU%$ 9TO BLOODY CLA%ES ) EA* O!R4 ,SO H[ C\LD ANYONE 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL D\BT \R READ9ESS = SELF-SACRIFICE8 

,BUT SAD NEWS REA*$ US4 ,WE SAW ! GREAT ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY BETRAY+ SOCIALISM & 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY4 ,REPORTS ALSO REA*$ US ?AT ! ,G]MAN ,G5]AL ,/AFF WAS BANK+ ON W9N+ ITS VICTORY OV] ! ,RUSSIAN =CES ) ! AID ( \R REVOLUTION4 ,WE LIKEWISE KNEW ?AT \R =M] TEA*]S 7,KAUTSKY & CO47 HAD TREA*]\SLY CLOAK$ ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM 9 ! TOGA ( 0LIB]ATOR0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,WE KNEW TOO WELL ! NATURE ( ?IS W> TO TRU/ & 5T] 9TO A DEAL ) ! B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T ( ?IS OR ?AT C\NTRY4 ,\R GOV]NM5T IS ALSO COM+ =W>D 9 ! ROLE ( 0LIB]ATOR0 ( ,SLAVDOM :ILE KEEP+ ITS [N MULTI-MILLION$ PEOPLE 9 IGNORANCE & DIS5FRAN*IZ$4 ,BUT H[EV] DREADFUL ! CONDITIONS ( \R LIFE MI<T BE TODAY ) ! COMPLETE ABS5CE ( \R PRESS1 \R WORK+ CLASS IS1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS1 AS F> FROM *AUV9ISM AS IT IS FROM TRU/+ ! ,CZ>'S GOV]NM5T4 

,WE >E AS DEEPLY 9DIGNANT AT ,FR5* 0DEMOCRACY'S0 EX*ANGE ( KISSES ) ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM AS WE >E GLADD5$ BY ! FACT ?AT AWAY 9 A C\NTRY CUT (F BY ! SEAS !RE IS A SECTION ( ! P>TY ( ! ,BRITI% SOCIALI/S :I*1 AMID ! UNIV]SAL DEBAU*]Y1 HAS NOT =GOTT5 ! ,A,B,C ( SOCIALISM BUT IS FI<T+ ) EV]Y MEANS AGA9/ ! GRE$Y PASSIONS ( ,BRITI% IMP]IALISM4 ,Y\ >E SURPRIS$ ?AT 0,RUSSIAN SOCIETY0 & ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES HAVE MODIFI$ !IR ATTITUDE TO ! W> N[ BE+ WAG$ BY CZ>ISM1 & ESPECIALLY 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO Y\ IS ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! ATTITUDE ( 0,RUSSIAN SOCIETY0 TO ! W> AGA9/ ,JAPAN AGA9/ :I* IT PROTE/$ TO A MAN & ITS ATTITUDE TODAY :5 IT IS APP>5TLY :OLLY REASSUR$ BY & RECONCIL$ ) CZ>ISM 9 ?IS SORRY WORLD DRAMA4 

,ABOVE ALL1 DE> COMRADE1 ,I %\LD TELL Y\ ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN SOCIALI/S' ATTITUDE ( PR9CIPLE TO ! W> HAS REMA9$ ONE & ! SAME BUT ! SITUATION 9 \R C\NTRY HAS *ANG$ SUB/ANTIALLY4 ,ABOVE ALL WE HAVE LIV$ ?R\< A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD 9 :I* ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y & C[>DLY NATURE ( ,RUSSIAN LIB]ALISM CLE>LY EXPOS$ ITSELF4 ,! ,RUSSO-,JAPANESE ,W> MET ) A NEGATIVE RESPONSE FROM ! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE BECAUSE ,MAN*URIA & ! O!R ,F> ,EA/]N T]RITORIES HAD NO 9T]E/ = CAPITAL BECAUSE ( !IR REMOT5ESS & SMALL POPULATIONS & !RE=E ?AT W> WAS LOOK$ UPON AS A DYNA/IC 5T]PRISE1 AN ADV5TURE BY ! ,CZ>'S CAM>ILLA :I* PR(ITE]$ \T ( =E/S4 ,! CURR5T W>1 ?\< F\<T 9 ! NAME ( ! LIB]TY ( ,GALICIA1 ! ,FR5* ,REPUBLIC & ,BELGIAN DEMOCRACY1 ALSO HAS A DYNA/IC 9T]E/ = ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM BUT = ! ,RUSSIAN L&[N]S & CAPITALI/S IT HAS AN ECONOMIC 9T]E/ TOO4 ,CZ>ISM IS SEEK+ SALVATION FROM APPROA*+ REVOLUTION 9 ! IDEA ( A 0,GREAT] ,RUSSIA0 :ILE CAPITALISM & L&[N] 9T]E/S >E SEEK+ ! PASSAGE ?R\< ! ,D>DANELLES & A REVISION ( ! TRADE AGREEM5T BETWE5 ,G]MANY & ,RUSSIA :OSE 9T]E/S W]E SOLD (F 9 #aid BY ! DIPLOMATS ( ! ,CZ> TO ! B5EFIT ( ,G]MAN CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS ONLY ?AT :I* CAN REALLY EXPLA9 ! 0*ANGE0 9 SO-CALL$ ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY FROM :I*1 H[EV]1 ! PROLET>IAT %\LD BE EXCLUD$4 

,! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S' SURPRISE ?AT WE >E NOT REJOIC+ OV] !IR REC5TLY ANN\NC$ ALLIANCE ) !IR GOV]NM5T = A 0HOLY W> ON ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM0 IS NO?+ BUT A HYPOCRITICAL COV] = !IR [N BETRAYAL ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & SOCIALISM FROM ! EYES ( ! MASSES4 

,WE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 GLAD TO ACCEPT A HELP+ H& FROM COMRADES 9 TOIL & IDEAS 9 \R >DU\S /RUGGLE AGA9/ CZ>ISM BUT WE HAVE NEV] DEM&$ NOR EXPECT$ ASSI/ANCE TO ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION FROM ! P>T ( ,G]MAN FEUDALISM & ,WILHELM ,I,I1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ>'S REACTION>Y C\NSELOR & FRI5D4 

,WE DO NOT R5\NCE \R /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM BUT 9 ?AT /RUGGLE WE >E C\NT+ ONLY UPON \R [N =CES4 

,WE W\LD ASK ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS NOT TO S5D ,WILHELM ,I,I ) HIS #d#b-MILLIMET] GUN TO \R AID BUT TO TRY TO PUT ?IS W> MAT]IAL TO USE AGA9/ !IR [N FEUDAL LORDS JU/ AS WE HOPE TO USE \RS AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM4 

,! ,F9NS1 \R BRO!RS 9 TOIL1 HAVE ALSO GIV5 A NEGATIVE REPLY TO ALL ! PLOYS ( ,G]MANY'S BELLICOSE CAPITALISM & TAKE ! SAME /&PO9T4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT ( ,RUSSIA1 ALONG ) ALL ! OPPRESS$ NATIONALITIES1 HOPE TO EM]GE VICTORI\S )\T DO+ DEALS ) ANY GOV]NM5T :ATSOEV]4 

  

,) COMRADELY GREET+S1 

,A4 ,BEL59 

,DUR+ \R EX*ANGE ( VIEWS IT BECAME CLE> ?AT ,TROEL/RA WAS ! PREVAL5T TYPE ( SOCIAL *AUV9I/1 ! ,G]MANOPHILE4 ,HE /RESS$ ! LIB]AT+ ROLE ( ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 RELATION TO ,RUSSIA4 ,I REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! LIB]AT+ EFFECT ( #d#b-MILLIMET] %ELLS UPON ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,I RECOMM5D$ ?AT !SE SOPHI/ICAT$ APPLIANCES BE SET 9 ACTION AGA9/ !IR [N L&LORDS & B\RGEOISIE1 = WE HAD NO NE$ = SU* ASSI/ANCE4 ,I ASK$ HIM TO CONVEY ! PR(\ND 9DIGNATION ( \R WORK]S1 9 ,PET]SBURG & ELSE:]E1 AT SU* A 0LIB]AT+0 PROVOCATION & ALSO !IR GREET+S TO ,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T & ! COMRADES /&+ BY HIM4 

,L>9 TRI$ TO PROVE ?AT !Y1 ! ,M5%EVIKS1 ,TROTSKYITES1 ,PLEKHANOVITES1 ,BUNDI/S & SO ON1 W]E 0QUITE ! REV]SE0 ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,H]E HE TOLD H[ A SPECIAL COMMITTEE HAD BE5 =M$ 9 ,W>SAW MADE UP ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,POLI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 7LEFT GR\P71 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY ( ,POL& & ,LI?UANIA 7,W>SAW OPPOSITION71 & ! ,BUND4 ,! *IEF TASK ( ?IS ORGANIZATION WAS1 9 HIS WORDS1 0! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,AU/ROPHILE 9FLU5CES 9 ,POLI% SOCIETY04 ,9 ACTUAL FACT ?IS 9T]-P>TY C\NCIL HAD BE5 ORGANIZ$ = AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T 5D4 ,\R ,POLI% COMRADES W]E F> REMOV$ FROM ! ,RUSSOPHILE *AUV9ISM ASCRIB$ TO !M BY ,L>94 ,!IR POSITION WAS AK9 TO \RS1 & !Y F\<T AGA9/ MILIT>ISM )\T RESPITE4 ,L>9'S [N CONTRIBUTION C\LD NOT HAVE CON=M$ BETT] TO ! !ORY ( 0DEF5SE ( ! FA!RL&04 ,AS A C\NT]WEI<T TO MY HO/ILE ATTITUDE TO ! ,S*EIDEMANNITE ,VOR/& 7! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY71 HE ASK$ = GREET+S TO BE CONVEY$ TO ! ,VOR/& ON BEHALF ( ,*KHEIDZE'S ,DUMA FACTION1 ALONG ) ASSURANCES ( !IR SOLID>ITY ETC4 ,TROEL/RA WAS UNSPEAKABLY DELI<T$ AT ?IS & C>EFULLY NOT$ IT4 ,! REMA9+ ,M5%EVIKS W]E APP>5TLY A LITTLE A<A/4 

,IT WAS DECID$ AS A RESULT ( ! MEET+S BETWE5 ! ,SC&9AVIAN LEAD]S & ,TROEL/RA TO ORGANIZE A CONGRESS ( 0SOCIALI/S ( ! NEUTRAL C\NTRIES0 9 ,DECEMB]4 ,! SOCIALI/ P>TIES ( ! 0BELLIG]5T C\NTRIES0 RECEIV$ 9VITATIONS TO SUBMIT WRITT5 REPORTS4 ,! ,AM]ICAN SOCIALI/S ALSO CONS5T$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! CONGRESS1 :I* WAS PO/PON$ UNTIL #ag ,JANU>Y #aiae 9 ORD] TO HAVE !M PRES5T AT ! CONF]5CE4 

,AT ! 5D ( ! AUTUMN ( #aiad C]TA9 ,RUSSIAN SOCIALI/S BEGAN TO BE %AD[$ BY ! POLICE4 ,I WAS SUMMON$ TO ! POLICE = A 0PASS01 AS IT WAS EXPLA9$ TO ME4 ,I HAD OBS]V$ LOCAL SECURITY POLICE PO/S NE> ! FLAT4 ,GA!R+S AT ! ,PEOPLE'S ,H\SE W]E SIMIL>LY SUBJECT TO SURVEILLANCE4 ,REACTION>Y NEWSPAP]S1 ESPECIALLY ,G]MANOPHILE ONES & ?OSE PUBLI%$ AT ! EXP5SE ( ! ,G]MAN ,EMBASSY1 WAG$ A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN SOCIALI/S1 SUSPECT+ !M ( ESPIONAGE & ACCUS+ !M ( PLOTT+ & SO ON4 ,COMRADE ,KOLLONTAI1 :O HAD TAK5 QUITE AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! WORK ( ! LEFT SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & ! WOM5'S ORGANIZATIONS1 WAS SUBJECT$ TO ! SNE]S ( A REACTION>Y ,/OCKHOLM PAP] & WAS HONOR$ BY A SPECIAL D5UNCIATION TO ! POLICE4 ,?IS WAS FOLL[$ BY H] >RE/1 TRIAL1 IMPRISONM5T & DEPORTATION TO ,D5M>K4 ,I HAD TO BE EXTRA C>EFUL NOT TO LOSE MY RI<T ( RESID5CE & FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T )9 ,SW$54 ,OV] ,KOLLONTAI'S CASE ,I HAD TO SEEK ! ASSI/ANCE ( ,BRANT+4 ,HE SEEM$ TO BE ANGRY AT ?IS SACRIFICE TO ! ,SW$I% POLICE & KEPT REPEAT+ ) VISIBLE DISSATISFACTION ?AT %E WAS TO BLAME1 = DISREG>D+ HIS ADVICE NOT TO GET 9VOLV$ 9 ,SW$I% POLITICAL LIFE4 ,BUT ! LEFTI/S REM9D$ ME ?AT ,KOLLONTAI'S DEPORTATION DID NOT GO AGA9/ ,BRANT+'S [N WI%ES4 ,AT ?AT TIME ,I WAS DISCUSS+ ) HIM ! POSSIBILITY ( MOV+ ! =EIGN SECTION ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE TO ,/OCKHOLM4 ,HE HAD ASSUR$ ME ?AT ALL ,RUSSIAN SOCIALI/S :O HAD NOT BE5 ACCUS$ ( ACTS ( T]RORISM C\LD LIVE FREELY 9 ,SW$54 ,! ,KOLLONTAI 9CID5T DID NOT SQU>E ) ?IS PROMISE1 BUT ,BRANT+ ADD$ A NEW CONDITION3 NEWCOM]S 0%\LD NOT 9VOLVE !MSELVES 9 ! LOCAL POLITICAL /RUGGLE04 
  

,AT ! ,SW$I% ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS' ,CONGRESS 

,ON #bc ,NOVEMB] #aiad ! CONGRESS ( ! ,SW$I% P>TY OP5$4 ,I DECID$ TO DELIV] A MESSAGE ( GREET+ 9 :I* ,I C\LD ?R[ SOME LI<T ON ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ON ! EVE ( ! W> & DUR+ IT1 & ALSO SET \T ! ATTITUDE ( ! ORGANIZ$ PROLET>IAT TO ! W>1 ,I MANAG$ TO DO SO 9 ! FOLL[+ GREET+3 

,RESPECT$ COMRADES1 

,I BR+ Y\ GREET+S FROM ! ORGANIZ$ PROLET>IAT ( ,RUSSIA & ITS CLASS ORGANIZATION1 ! ,R,S,D,L,P4 ,I WI% ! ,SW$I% SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TY SUCCESS 9 ITS WORK4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME ( G5]AL DECL9E :5 ! B\RGEOISIE ( NE>LY ALL ,EUROPE1 BO? WE/ & CA/1 IS1 UND] ! GUISE ( 0NATIONAL SELF-DEF5SE01 FOLL[+ A POLICY ( >M$ CONQUE/1 WE SOCIALI/S MU/ C>RY HI< \R 9T]NATIONALI/ REVOLUTION>Y R$ BANN] & NOT ALL[ \RSELVES TO BE OV]:ELM$ BY ! WAVES ( RE=MISM :I* HAS PUT ITS !ORY ( ! 0UNION ( CLASSES0 9TO PRACTICE 9 ! PRES5T CRIM9AL W>4 

,WE ,RUSSIAN1 & 9 P>TICUL> ,PET]SBURG1 WORK]S HAVE FOLL[$ ) GREAT JOY Y\R /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CURR5T ?AT WI%$ TO DRAG ! ,SW$I% PEOPLE 9TO ! WORLD W> & WE >E HI<LY DELI<T$ ?AT ALL ! EF=TS MADE 9 ?AT DIRECTION BY ! COMM]CIAL TRAVEL]S ( MILIT>ISM HAVE SUFF]$ AN UTT] FIASCO 9 Y\R FRI5DLY C\NTRY4 

,ALL[ ME TO SAY A FEW WORDS AB\T \R [N WORK]S' MOVEM5T :I*1 ,/>T+ 9 #a#i#a#b1 HAS EXP]I5C$ A P]IOD ( UPSURGE & HAS DI/+UI%$ ITSELF BY AN UNUSUAL GR[? ( ! /RIKE MOVEM5T & ESPECIALLY ! GR[? ( ! SO-CALL$ MASS POLITICAL /RIKES4 ,TO ILLU/RATE MY PO9T ,I %ALL GIVE Y\ SOME FIGURES CONC]N+ \R /RUGGLE4 

,9 #aiaa ! TOTAL NUMB] ( /RIK]S 9 \R EXT5SIVE C\NTRY HAD REA*$ #a#e1 :ILE ONE YE> LAT]1 9 #a#i#a#b1 IT HAD RIS5 TO #a1#g1 ( :I* #h#e#e1 W]E ACC\NT$ = BY POLITICAL /RIKES4 ,9 #aiac ! /RIKE MOVEM5T WAS EQUALLY WIDESPREAD3 9 ! C\RSE ( ?AT YE>1 #a1#a#h#e1 EMPLOYES TOOK P>T 9 /RIKES ( :I* #h#b#a1 W]E DUE TO POLITICAL /RIKES2 MOREOV] ! (FICIAL /ATI/ICS ( ! ,FACTORIES ,9SPECTORATE >E 9COMPLETE AS !Y DO NOT COV] SMALL-SCALE 9DU/RY & /ATE-[N$ 5T]PRISES4 

,! F]OCITY & P]SECUTION ( ! AU?ORITIES & ORGANIZ$ CAPITAL C\LD NOT BREAK ! SOLID>ITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS4 ,! CURR5T YE> S]VES AS A GRAPHIC EXAMPLE4 ,?IS YE> ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE %>P5$ TO ! EXTREME4 ,ALL ECONOMIC & TRADE-UNION CONFLICTS TURN$ QUICKLY 9TO A POLITICAL MOVEM5T ON ACC\NT ( ! GOV]NM5T REPRESSION4 ,ONCE AGA9 ! WORK+ CLASS PROCLAIM$ ITS READ9ESS TO FI<T = ! REPUBLIC1 ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY & ! EI<T-H\R DAY4 

,9 ,JULY ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE FL>$ UP ) UNUSUAL VIGOR4 ,! WORK+ CLASS ( ,PET]SBURG ANSW]$ ! GOV]NM5T'S BLOODY PROVOCATION ) A G5]AL /RIKE ?AT 9 ,PET]SBURG ALONE 9VOLV$ OV] #b#e1 WORK]S4 ,9 MANY >EAS ! CITY'S /REETS W]E COV]$ ) B>RICADES & WORK]S' BLOOD WAS %$4 ,BY N[ ! MOVEM5T HAD SPREAD TO ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY & TOOK 9 ! ,BALTIC PROV9CES1 ,POL&1 ! ,CAUCASUS1 ,MOSC[ & ! S\?4 

,BUT AT ! V]Y PO9T ?AT \R /RUGGLE HAD REA*$ ?IS /AGE ! MON/] ( W> ADVANC$ UPON US4 ,! B\RGEOISIE S\ND$ ! AL>M3 ITS FA!RL&1 ! FA!RL& ( MONEY-BAG1 WAS 9 DANG]4 ,SOLDI]S 9 GRAY GREATCOATS1 ! SONS ( PEASANTS & WORK]S1 HEAD$ = ! FRONTI]S4 

,9 ! DAYS ( ! MOBILIZATION ,PET]SBURG WORK]S D[N$ TOOLS & NOISILY PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! W>4 ,WORK]S ESCORT$ !IR MOBILIZ$ WORKMATES TO ! ASSEMBLY PO9TS S++ REVOLUTION>Y SONGS & C>RY+ R$ BANN]S & /REAM]S4 

,WE CONSCI\S WORK]S HAD NOT BELIEV$ 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( A WORLD W>4 ,WE HAD TURN$ \R HOPE-FILL$ EYES T[>DS ! WE/ & \R ORGANIZ$ BRO!RS3 ! ,G]MANS1 ,FR5* & ,AU/RIANS4 ,WE HAD EXPECT$ TO F9D SUPPORT !RE & HE> A MI<TY SUMMONS TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE'S DIABOLICAL PLOT4 ,BUT BITT] REALITY BR\<T US SOME?+ ELSE4 ,! GOV]NM5T PRESS & B\RGEOIS NEWSPAP]S1 & ALSO FELL[-C\NTRYM5 FLEE+ FROM ABROAD1 9=M$ US ( ! BETRAYAL COMMITT$ BY ! LEAD]S ( ! P[]FUL ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & LAT] BY MANY O!RS :O ALSO LOOK$ ON ?+S 0FROM ! /&PO9T ( NATIONAL SELF-DEF5SE04 

,BUT \R SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC P>TY HAS NOT BE5 CONSUM$ BY ! UNIV]SAL CONFLAGRATION = IT HAS NOT =GOTT5 ! TRUE CAUSES ( TODAY'S W> :I* ! IMP]IALI/ POLICIES ( ! B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5TS ( ALL C\NTRIES HAVE BR\<T AB\T4 ,! ,DUMA FACTION HAS GIV5 TRUE EXPRESSION TO ! ORGANIZ$ PROLET>IAT BY REFUS+ TO VOTE = ! W> BUDGET & /RESS+ ITS NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TO ! W> BY LEAV+ ! *AMB]4 ,MANY LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE ISSU$ ILLEGAL LEAFLETS ON ! W> 7,PET]SBURG1 ,MOSC[1 ,RIGA1 ,W>SAW1 ! ,CAUCASUS & SO ON74 

,\R P>TY'S ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE & ITS C5TRAL ORGAN1 ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT1 HAVE 5T]$ A FI<T AGA9/ 9T]NATIONAL OPPORTUNISM & CALL PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS 9 ALL C\NTRIES TO ?IS /RUGGLE 9 ! NAME ( ! COMMON 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT WORLDWIDE4 

,9 CONCLUSION ,I WI% ! CONGRESS ( \R FRAT]NAL P>TY SUCCESSFUL WORK4 ,LONG LIVE ! ,SW$I% PROLET>IAT & ITS CLASS P>TY1 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY6 ,LONG LIVE ! ,9T]NATIONAL6 

,= FE> ( POLICE P]SECUTION & UPON ! ADVICE ( ! Y\NG SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 ,I WROTE ?IS SPEE* \T & ONE ( !M1 COMRADE ,S*ELD1 TRANSLAT$ IT & READ IT \T TO ! CONGRESS4 ,! MESSAGE CAUS$ A /ORMY CLA% BETWE5 ! TWO T5D5CIES1 A SPEE* BY ,BRANT+ & ,HOGLUND'S PROTE/4 ,I QUOTE H]E MAT]IAL ON ?IS FROM ! CONGRESS M9UTES3 

,BRANT+ TAKES ! FLOOR ON A QUE/ION OV] :I* HE CONSID]S IT ESS5TIAL TO TAKE A DECISION4 ,HE HAD JU/ FAMILI>IZ$ HIMSELF ) ! TEXT ( A GREET+1 ORIG9AT+ FROM ONE ( ! ,RUSSIAN P>TIES1 :]E IT SPEAKS ( A BETRAYAL BY ! ,G]MAN P>TY4 ,! SPEAK] PO9TS \T ?AT IT DOES NOT BEFIT ! CONGRESS TO EXPRESS CONDEMNATION DIRECT$ AT O!R P>TIES & CONSID]S IT NECESS>Y ?AT A MOTION ( REGRET BE =MALLY MOV$ ) REG>D TO ! P>AGRAPH 9S]T$ 9 ! GREET+S4 

,HOGLUND 7,/OCKHOLM7 CONSID]S IT IMPROP] = ! CONGRESS TO ADOPT SU* A RESOLUTION1 BECAUSE )9 \R [N P>TY !RE >E ALSO COMRADES :O REG>D ! ,G]MANS' BEHAVIOR AS A BETRAYAL4 ,FIE MOVES ?AT CONGRESS DOES NOT PASS JUDGM5T BUT CONT5TS ITSELF ) 5T]+ ,BRANT+'S /ATEM5T 9 ! M9UTES4 

,S4 ,V9B]G 7,/OCKHOLM7 CONSID]S ?AT WE %\LD /ATE M]ELY ?AT ! JUDGM5T EXPRESS$ REMA9S ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! ,RUSSIANS4 

,BRANT+ REPEATS HIS DEM& & ASS]TS ?AT O!RWISE ! MISUND]/&+ WILL >ISE ?AT DELEGATES TO CONGRESS >E 9 SYMPA?Y ) ! A=EM5TION$ JUDGM5T4 

,! CONGRESS DEFEAT$ ,V9B]G'S MOTION & ACCEPT$ ,BRANT+'S BY #$ VOTES TO #e4 

,I WAS P]SONALLY PRES5T AT ! CONGRESS & ,BRANT+ CONSID]$ IT HIS DUTY TO EXPLA9 TO ME ?AT HIS /ATEM5T WAS NECESSITAT$ BY MY DIRECT RAIS+ ( SU* AN IMPORTANT QUE/ION AS ! ATTITUDE T[>DS ! DEF5SE ( ! FA!RL&4 ,I REPLI$ ?AT WAS NOT JU/ MY [N P]SONAL VIEW1 BUT ! PR9CIPL$ ATTITUDE ( BO? \R C5T] & ! HUGE MAJORITY ( ,RUSSIA'S ORGANIZ$ WORK]S4 ,HE & ,I HAD1 9 ! MA91 E/ABLI%$ 0*IVALR\S RELATIONS0 ?\<4 ,BRANT+ HAD GIV5 ME HIS ADDRESS & W\LD DO SMALL FAVORS4 ,) HIS HELP1 ,I MANAG$ TO OBTA9 A PASSPORT FROM ! ,FR5* CONSUL :I* WAS VALID = TRANSIT TO ,FRANCE1 & SO ON4 

,DUR+ ! CONGRESS ( ,SW$I% SOCIAL DEMOCRACY WE RECEIV$ ! REPORT ( ! >RE/ ( \R ,DUMA FACTION 9 ,PET]SBURG4 ,?IS EV5T MADE A DEEP IMPRESSION ON ! DELEGATES TO ! CONGRESS4 ,A RESOLUTION ( PROTE/ WAS C>RI$4 ,A WAVE ( PROTE/ AT CZ>I/ B>B>ITY SWEPT ACROSS ALL ,SC&9AVIA4 ,I F\ND ,I HAD A PORTRAIT ( COMRADE ,PETROVSKY ON ME & IT W5T ! R\NDS ( MANY ,SC&9AVIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAP]S4 

,! DEPUTIES' >RE/ GREATLY IMP$$ \R P>TY'S CONTACT ) & 9=MATION FROM ,RUSSIA4 ,I HAD1 PRIOR TO ?IS1 MANAG$ TO >RANGE ! =W>D+ ( BRIEF COMM5T>IES ON ! 9T]NATIONAL SITUATION1 9=MATION ON ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 ,SC&9AVIA & ! ANTICIPAT$ CONF]5CE ( SOCIALI/ P>TIES ( ! NEUTRAL C\NTRIES & TO S5D ON SEV]AL LETT]S FROM ,L59 & ALSO SOME LIT]ATURE 7,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT1 NOS4 #cc & #c#d74 ,BUT NEWS FROM ,RUSSIA WAS V]Y H>D TO COME BY4 

,9 ! MIDDLE ( ,NOVEMB] ! ,M5%EVIK'S REPLY TO ,V&]VELDE'S TELEGRAM WAS RECEIV$ 9 ,/OCKHOLM4 ,! DOCUM5T WAS RECEIV$ BY ,L>91 ! ,O,C'S REPRES5TATIVE1 & WAS KEPT 9 /RICT SECRECY1 BUT ,I /ILL MANAG$ TO GET HOLD ( ! ACTUAL ORIG9AL ) AM5DM5TS ADD$ 9 ,L>9'S H&4 ,I QUOTE IT H]E 9 FULL3 

,TO ,M9I/] ,V&]VELDE ( ,BELGIUM4 

,DE> ,COMRADE1 

,Y\R TELEGRAM REA*$ US ALL[$ ?R\< BY ! W> C5SOR%IP4 ,WE GREET ! ,BELGIAN PROLET>IAT & Y\RSELF1 ITS REPRES5TATIVE4 ,WE KN[ ?AT Y\1 LIKE ALL ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT1 HAVE VIGOR\SLY OPPOS$ ! W> :5 IT WAS BE+ PREP>$ BY ! RUL+ CLASSES ( ! GREAT P[]S4 ,BUT ! W> BEGAN AGA9/ ! WILL ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,9 ?IS W> Y\R CAUSE IS ! JU/ CAUSE ( SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ ALL ?OSE DANG]S ?REAT5+ DEMOCRATIC LIB]TIES & ! LIB]ATION /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT EMANAT+ FROM ! AGGRESSIVE POLICY ( ,PRUSSIAN ,JUNK]DOM4 ,IRRESPECTIVE ( ! ASMS :I* ! GREAT-P[] P>TICIPANTS 9 ! W> >E SETT+ !MSELVES1 ! OBJECTIVE C\RSE ( EV5TS PLACES 9 QUE/ION ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ?AT CITADEL ( MOD]N MILIT>ISM1 :I* ALSO /AMPS D[N ! LIB]ATION /RUGGLE ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT ) A HEAVY HEEL1 NAMELY1 ,PRUSSIAN ,JUNK]DOM4 ,WE >E PR(\NDLY CONV9C$ ?AT ALONG ! ROAD TO ITS ELIM9ATION ! SOCIALI/S ( ! C\NTRIES COMPELL$ TO TAKE P>T 9 ?IS W> WILL COME TOGE!R ) ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 ! GLORI\S VANGU>D ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT .<& ASSI/ IT 9 ! TASK ( ,G]MANY'S POLITICAL & SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION.>4 ,BUT1 UN=TUNATELY1 ,RUSSIA'S PROLET>IAT IS NOT 9 ! POSITION ?AT ! PROLET>IAT ( O!R C\NTRIES AT W> ) ,PRUSSIAN ,JUNK]DOM IS 94 ,IT IS FAC$ ) AN 9COMP>ABLY MORE COMPLEX & CONTRADICTORY TASK ?AN ITS WE/]N COMRADES4 ,! 9T]NATIONAL SITUATION IS FUR!R COMPLICAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT 9 ! PRES5T W> AGA9/ ,PRUSSIAN ,JUNK]DOM ANO!R REACTION>Y =CE IS TAK+ P>T3 ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T :I*1 BY RE9=C+ ITSELF 9 ! C\RSE ( ! W>1 MAY 9 C]TA9 CONDITIONS BECOME ! FOCUS ( ALL REACTION>Y T5D5CIES 9 WORLD POLITICS4 ,?IS POSSIBLE ROLE = ,RUSSIA 9 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS IS CLOSELY B\ND UP ) ! NATURE ( ! REGIME ?AT HAS UNDIVID$ RULE OV] US4 ,BUT EV5 AT ! PRES5T MOM5T ! PROLET>IAT ( ,RUSSIA IS1 AS OPPOS$ TO ITS WE/]N COMRADES1 DEPRIV$ ( ANY *ANCE ( OP5LY EXPRESS+ ITS COLLECTIVE OP9ION & REALIZ+ ITS COLLECTIVE WILL3 ?OSE FEW ORGANIZATIONS ?AT IT HAD BE=E ! W> HAVE BE5 CLOS$ D[N4 ,! PRESS HAS BE5 WRECK$4 ,! PRISONS >E OV]-FL[+4 ,?IS PREV5TS SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 ,RUSSIA FROM TAK+ UP ! POSITION ?AT ! SOCIALI/S ( ,BELGIUM1 ,FRANCE & ,BRITA9 HAVE TAK5 & ACCEPT+ RESPONSIBILITY = ! ACTIONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T BO? BE=E ! C\NTRY & BE=E 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM BY TAK+ ACTIVE P>T 9 ! W>4 ,BUT1 9 SPITE ( ! PRES5CE ( !SE FACTORS & BE>+ 9 M9D ! 9T]NATIONAL IMPORTANCE ( ! ALL-,EUROPEAN CONFLICT AS WELL AS ! ACTIVE P>T ( SOCIALI/S ( ! ADVANC$ C\NTRIES 9 IT ?AT GIVES US GR\NDS = HOP+ ?AT IT WILL BE RESOLV$ TO ! B5EFIT ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM1 WE DECL>E TO Y\ ?AT 9 \R ACTIVITY 9 ,RUSSIA WE >E NOT OPPOS+ ! W>4 ,WE DO1 H[EV]1 CONSID] ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO DRAW Y\R ATT5TION H]E & N[ TO ! NE$ = PREP>+ VIGOR\S OPPOSITION TO ! GREAT P[]S' POLICIES ( CONQUE/ BE+ N[ PLANN$ & DEM&+ 9 ANY ANNEXATION A PRELIM9>Y PLEBISCITE ( ! POPULATION ( ! T]RITORY TO BE ANNEX$4 

,9 ! ORIG9AL1 ! PASSAGE 9 BRACKETS HAS BE5 CROSS$ \T BY ,L>9 & ! WORDS 9 ITALICS WRITT5 94 ,IT WAS RECEIV$ 9 ,/OCKHOLM ON #ae ,NOVEMB]4 ,L>9'S ,G]MANOPHILE S5TIM5TS C\LD NOT TOL]ATE ! PO9T AB\T 0AID0 TO ,G]MANY 9 ! WORK ( POLITICAL & SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 ,HE P]SONALLY BELIEV$ ?AT SU* 0AID0 WAS ALREADY BE+ OBJECTIVELY C>RI$ \T BY ,G]MANY 9 RELATION TO ALL ! C\NTRIES AT W> ) H]4 ,?IS CORRECTION HAD BE5 APP>5TLY ACCEPT$ BY ! =EIGN ORGAN ( ! ,ORGANIZ+ ,COMMITTEE1 AS IT HAD BE5 PUBLI%$ BY ! 0,L>9ITE0 $ITORIAL BO>D4 

,! FRUITS ( ! 9=MATION GA!R+ ACTIVITY ( ! ,O,C'S REPRES5TATIVE1 ,L>91 SOON BEGAN TO REVEAL !MSELVES4 ,PROTE/S />T$ COM+ 9 FROM ,RUSSIA AB\T ! DI/ORTIONS ( ! TRU? P]MITT$ BY ONE ( ! LEAD]S ( ,SC&9AVIAN OPPORTUNISM4 ,)\T REALIZ+ IT1 ! LATT] F\ND !MSELVES 9 A TI<T SPOT4 ,?IS WAS ! CASE = ,TROEL/RA ALSO1 TO :OM ,L>9 HAD REPORT$ 9 MY PRES5CE3 ! ,W>SAW SOCIALI/S S5T HIM A DISCLAIM]4 
  

,! ,COP5HAG5 ,CONF]5CE 

,! P]SECUTION ( ,RUSSIANS1 & ! POLICE %AD[+ ( MYSELF P]SONALLY1 PROMPT$ ME TO LEAVE ,SW$5 TEMPOR>ILY4 ,!RE HAD BE5 A FEW MORE DEPORTATIONS AFT] ! S5SATIONALIZ$ CASE ( ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI4 ,BRANT+ & ,/ROM ALSO F\ND MY TEMPOR>Y ABS5CE FROM ,/OCKHOLM HI<LY EXP$I5T4 ,!RE W]E NO P]MAN5T PROP]LY E/ABLI%$ L9KS ) ,RUSSIA4 ,WE HAD TO USE ! GOOD (FICES ( PASS+ EMIGRANTS1 & ALSO ,F9NI% COMRADES1 = TRANSPORT+ ! PRECI\S FUNDS4 ,V>I\S COMM]CIAL & MANUFACTUR+ FIRMS W]E RUNN+ CONTRAB& TRAFFIC 9 BO? GOODS & P]SONNEL4 ,HEAD+ SOME ( !SE E/ABLI%M5TS W]E ,RUSSIAN 5G9E]S GLORY+ 9 !IR =M] SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 BUT !SE G5TLEM5 W]E AFRAID ( LOS+ !IR COZY NI*ES & DID NOT WI% TO LIFT SO MU* AS A F+] 9 ! BUS9ESS ( AID = REVOLUTION>Y WORK 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,RUSSIAN SOCIAL 7& O!R7 PATRIOTS CON/ANTLY REPEAT$ !IR DIRTY SUSPICIONS AB\T ! 0,G]MAN0 MONEY ) :I* \R LIT]ATURE WAS SUPPOS$LY PRODUC$ & \R TRANSPORT ORGANIZ$4 ,9 ! W> P]IOD A CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( ?IS WORK WAS C>RI$ ?R\< ) MY DIRECT P>TICIPATION4 ,NO MONIES W]E RECEIV$ FROM ,RUSSIA4 ,BECAUSE ( ! SMALL SIZE ( ! ,RUSSIAN COLONY 9 ,/OCKHOLM !RE WAS NO:]E TO OBTA9 FUNDS FROM4 ,WE HAD TO CUT WORK TO A M9IMUM & RESORT TO LOANS4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SW$I% ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY LOAN$ ME #d KRON]1 SEV]AL COMRADES MANAG$ TO RU/LE UP ! SAME AM\NT1 DRIBS & DRABS CAME 9 FROM \R ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ABROAD1 & ?IS =M$ ALL ! 9COME = #aiad & ! SPR+ ( #a#i#a#e4 ,) !SE FUNDS WE MANAG$ TO S\ND \T POSSIBILITIES = S5D+ PEOPLE OV] & =W>D+ LIT]ATURE BUT NOT = MAK+ FULL USE ( ! R\TES !MSELVES4 ,?IS WAS A HUGE DISAPPO9TM5T = ! P>TY WORK]S4 ,! LACK ( FUNDS BR\<T ME TO DESPAIR & DROVE ME TO PROSPECT 9 V>I\S FIELDS BUT IT WAS NOT EV5 POSSIBLE TO F9D A JOB1 NEV] M9D FUNDS = SU* AN UNPR(ITABLE 5T]PRISE AS REVOLUTION>Y WORK 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,9 ,DECEMB] ,I CROSS$ TO ,COP5HAG54 ,! L[ CO/ ( LIV+ !RE WAS /RIK+4 ,?IS HAD ATTRACT$ A L>GE NUMB] ( PR(ITE]S ( ALL NATIONALITIES1 EMIGRANTS FROM ,RUSSIA1 WIVES ( ,G]MAN B\RGEOIS :O HAD COME OV] TO RECUP]ATE1 & DES]T]S4 ,QUITE A FEW ,RUSSIANS WORK$ AT ,P>VUS'S 0,9/ITUTE = ! ,/UDY ( ! ,SOCIAL ,CONSEQU5CES ( ! ,W>04 ,SOME HAD GOT JOBS AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,R$ ,CROSS ,SOCIETY DEAL+ ) PRISON]-(-W> WELF>E4 ,COP5HAG5 WAS TEEM+ ) SPIES & REPORT]S FROM ALL C\NTRIES4 ,IT WAS FROM H]E ?AT ALL WORLDLY GOSSIP1 FABRICATIONS & BALLONS D'ESSAI ORIG9AT$ DUR+ ! W>4 

,! ,DANI% ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY WAS PREP>+ = ! 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS4 ,\R =EIGN C5T]1 JO9TLY ) ! ,SWISS & ,ITALIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC P>TIES1 HAD DECL9$ TO TAKE P>T 9 ! CONGRESS4 ,I M]ELY HAD TO REPORT ?IS DIPLOMATIC CONCOCTION1 BREW$ UP BY ! ,SC&9AVIAN OPPORTUNI/S4 

,9 ,D5M>K ITSELF1 A C\NTRY ( SMALL PEASANTS1 SOCIALISM WAS DEVOID ( EV5 A TRACE ( REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT4 ,! C\NTRY WAS REG>D$ AS DEMOCRATIC EV5 ?\< IT HAD A K+1 ALBEIT ONE )\T 0PRET5SIONS TO P[]04 ,D5M>K'S P59SUL> POSITION GAVE ITS AGRICULTURE & LIVE/OCK A FAVORABLE PLACE 9 ! M>KET BY AF=D+ *EAP SEA TRANSPORT = EXPORTS TO ,5GL& & ,G]MANY4 ,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( FOOD %ORTAGES 9 ! BELLIG]5T C\NTRIES1 ! PRICES ( !SE PRODUCTS ROSE TO FABUL\S HEI<TS & ,DANI% PROPRIETORS SECUR$ H&SOME RETURNS4 

,ON ! EVE ( ! W> ,DANI% WORK]S & PEASANTS W]E FI<T+ = UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE = WOM54 ,AT ! ELECTIONS ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS & ! ,RADICALS1 :O /OOD = GIV+ WOM5 ! VOTE1 GA9$ A MAJORITY 9 ! ,FOLKET+4 ,! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC P>TY RECEIV$ ! L>GE/ NUMB] ( SEATS 9 P>LIAM5T &1 9 ACCORDANCE ) CU/OM1 \<T TO HAVE =M$ ! GOV]NM5T1 BUT !Y DECL9$ & ! ,RADICALS TOOK ! JOB4 ,ONE ( !IR TASKS WAS TO DRAFT A NEW CON/ITUTION1 & ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS PROMIS$ ! LIB]ALS !IR 0LOYAL SUPPORT04 ,H[EV]1 ! SLI<T REACTION>Y MAJORITY 9 ! ,S5ATE TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! W> TO HALT ANY DEBATE ON A NEW CON/ITUTION4 ,SO ! LIB]AL GOV]NM5T1 SUPPORT$ BY ! SOCIALI/ MAJORITY 9 P>LIAM5T1 SUBMITT$ TO ! REACTION>Y WILL & CEAS$ !IR RE=M+ WORK4 

,! GOV]NM5T'S *IEF CONC]N WAS TO PRES]VE PEACE1 & 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ?IS ! SOCIALI/S MADE A 0HOLY ALLIANCE0 ) !IR B\RGEOISIE4 ,& ( C\RSE !Y PROPP$ UP ! GOV]NM5T BY EV]Y MEANS1 VOT$ = ! W> BUDGET & SO ON4 ,! TRADE UNIONS W]E 0HAPPY0 AT ! ABS5CE ( CONFLICT BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL4 ,?IS WAS NOT TO BE EXPLA9$ BY A 0HAPP9ESS0 REA*+ D[N 9TO WORK+-CLASS QU>T]S1 = !RE WAS 9 NO S5SE AN IMPROVEM5T 9 LIV+ CONDITIONS4 ,! W> HAD PRODUC$ COLOSSAL UNEMPLOYM5T 9 ?IS NEUTRAL C\NTRY4 ,\T ( #a#b1#d ORGANIZ$ WORK]S1 #a#c1#i W]E \T ( WORK4 ,AID = ! UNEMPLOY$ WAS GIV5 BY ! UNIONS & ! /ATE4 ,LOCAL AU?ORITIES GAVE SOME ASSI/ANCE TO UNORGANIZ$ WORK]S DIRECTLY1 & SUBSIDIES TO ! UNIONS4 

,! ,DANES CLAIM$ TO OBS]VE !IR NEUTRALITY V]Y /RICTLY4 ,! SLI<TE/ EXPRESSION ( SYMPA?Y OR ANG] OV] ?IS OR ?AT ACT BY ! BELLIG]5TS WAS EQUAT$ ) A VIOLATION ( NEUTRALITY4 ,?IS DID NOT1 H[EV]1 PREV5T ! CAPITALI/S FROM UNLOAD+ !IR PRODUCTS ON :OEV]1 BELLIG]5T OR NOT1 W\LD PAY ! HI<E/ PRICE4 

,BY ! TIME ,I MOV$ TO ,COP5HAG51 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS' SUPPORT = ! ,RADICALS HAD DEVELOP$ 9TO CLOSE COLLABORATION4 ,! ,DANI% ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY WAS TAK+ AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! CAB9ET4 ,/AUN+1 ! LEAD] ( ,SC&9AVIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 HAD JO9$ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,) HIM ,I HAD A TOTALLY UNEXPECT$ EXP]I5CE1 ?\< ONE TYPICAL ( ! MIDDLE-CLASS PSY*OLOGY ( ! ,DANI% SOCIALI/S4 ,/AUN+ W\LD 9V>IABLY EVADE ! QUE/IONS ,I PUT TO HIM & EV5 AVOID MEET+ ME4 ,?IS =C$ ME TO APPROA* HIM 0(FICIALLY01 BY A LETT] ON \R P>TY'S HEAD$ PAP]4 ,N[ HE C\LD NO LONG] BACK \T & FIX$ A SPECIAL MEET+ = ME AT ! PREMISES ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,H]E HE /AT$ TO ME ?AT HE WAS UNABLE TO EXPRESS HIS OP9ION ON ! P>TY'S ATTITUDE TO ! W>1 AS ?AT W\LD MEAN A VIOLATION ( NEUTRALITY3 HE W\LD ONLY BE ABLE TO PROCLAIM IT :5 ! W> HAD 5D$4 ,H[EV]1 AS A PUPIL ( ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY &1 LIKE MANY O!RS1 AN ADMIR] ( ITS ORGANIZATIONAL & TACTICAL ME?ODS1 ,/AUN+ SUPPORT$ IT ON ! QUE/ION ( ! W>4 ,= HIM AN 0ATTITUDE0 TO ! W> WAS EQUIVAL5T TO EXPRESS+ SYMPA?Y ) ONE ( ! W>R+ ALLIANCES1 :I* WAS IMP]MISSIBLE = AN ADVOCATE ( NEUTRALITY4 ,HE W\LD DISCUSS ! ,9T]NATIONAL AS AN ORGAN ( ACTION ONLY AFT] ! W>4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL WAS1 9 HIS OP9ION1 A PEACETIME 9/RUM5T4 ,AT ! MOM5T ( ! GREATE/ CRISIS = ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S' ,LEAGUE CEAS$ ACTIVITY & ! 0SOCIALI/ LEAD]S0 CONT5T$ !MSELVES ) F9E HOPES = ! DAY TO COME AFT] ! CRISIS4 ,SU* SPECIM5S W]E NO R>ITY 9 ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES ( EV]Y C\NTRY4 

,I DID OBTA9 VALUABLE 9=MATION FROM CITIZ5 ,/AUN+ AB\T ! /RUGGLE OV] ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,BUREAU4 ,! ,G]MANS W]E TRY+ TO USE ! ,DUT* TO GET ! ,I,S,B 9TO !IR [N H&S4 ,BUT ! SOCIALI/S ( ! ,5T5TE HELD TI<TLY ON TO ! APP>ATUS1 NOT WI%+ TO 0H& IT OV]0 EV5 TO ! 0NEUTRAL0 H&S ( ! SOCIALI/S ( ,AM]ICA4 

,! IDEA ( AN 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS 5JOY$ FAIRLY WIDE CURR5CY4 ,! FIR/ ATTEMPT WAS MADE BY ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ( ,AM]ICA4 ,/AUN+ H&$ ME A COPY ( A PR9T$ 9VITATION ) ! SEAL ( ! 0,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ( ,AM]ICA0 & ! FOLL[+ LETT]3 

  

,*ICAGO1 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 

#bd ,SEPTEMB] #aiad 

,I 5CLOSE ) ?IS LETT] AN APPEAL = ! CONV5+ ( AN EXTRAORD9>Y MEET+ ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,CONGRESS DEVOT$ TO ! QUE/ION ( PEACE4 ,?IS APPEAL COMES FROM ! ,NATIONAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ( ,AM]ICA4 ,IT HAS BE5 S5T \T BECAUSE3 7#a7 IT MA9TA9S ?AT AN 9T]NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IS ABSOLUTELY ESS5TIAL 9 ! CURR5T CRISIS2 7#b7 IT MA9TA9S ?AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,BUREAU IS UNABLE TO FUNCTION BECAUSE ( ! W> 9 ,BELGIUM2 7#c7 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS ! ONLY GREAT NATION NOT P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! W>4 

,?IS ASSEMBLY %\LD BE HELD 9 ,WA%+TON 7,U,S,A71 ,! ,HAGUE OR ,COP5HAG54 

,DESIR\S ( RECEIV+ Y\R VOTE = ONE OR O!R V5UE & RECEIV+ BY TELEGRAM TO \R ,BUREAU4 

,%\LD Y\ *OOSE ,WA%+TON1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY WILL UND]TAKE TO MEET TRAVEL+ & ANY O!R EXP5SES ON ! BASIS ( FIVE DELEGATES P] C\NTRY HAV+ TW5TY VOTES & ! O!RS PRO RATA ) A M9IMUM ( TWO P] C\NTRY4 

  

,FRAT]NAL GREET+S1 

,WALT] ,LANF]SEIK1 

,SECRET>Y TO ! ,E,C 

,! ,AM]ICAN SOCIALI/S' WI% TO SEE AN 9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CE 9 !IR C\NTRY DID NOT1 H[EV]1 MEET ) SYMPA?Y 9 ! ,SC&9AVIAN C\NTRIES4 ,! VOYAGE TO ,AM]ICA W\LD OCCUPY TOO MU* TIME & W\LD PUT ! P>TY LEAD]S TOO F> FROM CONTACT ) ! SITUATION 9 ,EUROPE4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! NEUTRALS !RE=E DECL9$ ! 9VITATION4 

,BY #ag ,JANU>Y #aiae ! FOLL[+ REPRES5TATIVES TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,CONF]5CE HAD >RIV$ 9 ,COP5HAG53 ,BRANT+ & ,/ROM FROM ,SW$52 ,KNUDS5 FROM ,NORWAY2 ,TROEL/RA & ANO!R1 AN $ITOR1 :OSE NAME ,I HAVE LO/1 FROM ,HOLL&2 & ,/AUN+ FROM ,D5M>K4 ,O!R C\NTRIES REFUS$ TO TAKE P>T4 ,! CONF]5CE SESSIONS TOOK PLACE BEH9D CLOS$ DOORS4 ,!RE W]E NO DEEP DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ?OSE ASSEMBL$4 ,ONLY TWO L9ES ( 0SYMPA?IES0 CLA%$3 ! ,G]MANOPHILES1 ,TROEL/RA & ,/AUN+1 AGA9/ ,BRANT+1 ! ,FRANCOPHILE & ,KNUDS51 ! ,ANGLOPHILE4 ,IT WAS NOT H>D TO REA* AGREEM5T ) SU* DIFF]5CES4 

,AT R\<LY ! SAME TIME ANO!R CONF]5CE WAS TAK+ PLACE 9 ,LONDON1 ) ! SOCIALI/S ( ! ,5T5TE C\NTRIES1 ,FRANCE1 ,BRITA9 & ,BELGIUM & SOME REPRES5TATIVES ( ,RUSSIA TAK+ P>T4 ,?IS CONF]5CE ATTEMPT$ TO F9D CONSOLATION 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S PA/1 RECOGNIZ$ ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! TWO IMP]IALISMS BUT TOOK ! IMP]IALISM :I* WAS 0ON ! DEF5SIVE0 UND] !IR PROTECTION4 ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM1 HAV+ 0ASSAULT$0 ,BELGIUM & ,FRANCE1 HAD PLAC$ !SE SOCIALI/S ON ! SIDE ( 0!IR0 CAPITALI/S4 ,! BE/ =CES ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL W]E BE+ DIRECT$ TO 0! DEF5SE ( ! FA!RL&04 ,! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,5T5TE SOCIALI/ P>TIES HAD JO9$ B\RGEOIS CAB9ETS & H>NESS$ !MSELVES TO ! *>IOT ( W>4 7,AN EXCEPTION WAS ! ,ITALIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY :I*1 FROM ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! W>1 HAD TAK5 UP A RESOLUTE /RUGGLE AGA9/ IT & ALL :O 0RECOGNIZ$0 ?IS W>47 ,! RESOLUTIONS ( ! ,LONDON CONF]5CE W]E DI/RIBUT$ BY ! GOV]NM5TS ( ! ,5T5TE C\NTRIES4 

,ALL ! REACTION>IES1 ROGUES & PR(ITE]S MAK+ =TUNES \T ( HUMAN SLAU<T] HAD GAMBL$ ON ! REPUTATIONS & PUBLIC ACTIVITY ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 :O HAD ACCEPT$ ! W> ON BEHALF ( !IR GOV]NM5TS4 ,! SOCIALI/S ( ! ,G]MAN COALITION C\NTRIES DID NOT LAG BEH9D !IR 0RIVAL BRO!RS0 9 9CIT+ !IR PEOPLES TO ! 0DEF5SE0 ( ! FA!RL& & ! MUTUAL DE/RUCTION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,*AUV9ISM CELEBRAT$ A VICTORY ON ALL FRONTS4 ,! CAPITALI/S C\LD BE PR\D ( SU* SOCIALI/S4 
  

,SOCIAL ,*AUV9I/S AS ,S]VANTS ( ! ,B\RGEOISIE 

,AFT] ! ,SC&9AVIAN SOCIALI/ CONF]5CE ,I HEAD$ ONCE AGA9 = ,/OCKHOLM4 ,!RE ,I MET SOME NEW >RIVALS FROM ,RUSSIA :O PASS$ ME SOME BITS ( 9=MATION :I* ,I =W>D$ TO \R C5TRAL ORGAN1 ,SOT/AL-,DEMOKRAT4 ,I SET AB\T RE9=C+ ! WORK+ GR\P ( ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ,/OCKHOLM & TRA9+ SEV]AL PROLET>IANS 9 ! CONSPIRATORIAL WORK ( SMUGGL+ LIT]ATURE1 ETC4 ,! ,PET]SBURG]S HAD DISPLAY$ NO 9ITIATIVE 9 ORGANIZ+ COMMUNICATIONS4 ,MY ACTIVITY 9 ?IS DIRECTION RAN 9TO OB/ACLES ?R\< LACK ( FUNDS4 ,SMUGGL+ C\LD BE MANAG$ AT GREAT EXP5SE1 BUT ,I HAD NO MONEY & NOT A HOPE ( OBTA9+ ANY4 ,WE HAD TO IMPROVISE4 ,?IS WAS F> FROM SATISFACTORY1 ESPECIALLY :5 ) SOME #e RUBLES A MON? ,I C\LD HAVE %[]$ \R WORK+-CLASS ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,RUSSIA ) LIT]ATURE & MA9TA9$ A REGUL> MON?LY CONTACT ) EV]Y CORN] ( ! C\NTRY4 ,BUT SU* A TRIFL+ SUM C\LD NOT BE MANAG$1 SO !RE MATT]S RE/$4 

,9 ,FEBRU>Y A /RANGE G5TLEMAN CAME TO ME 9 ,/OCKHOLM :O 9TRODUC$ HIMSELF AS A =M] ,BOL%EVIK1 ,F9N-,EPOTAEVSKY4 ,L>91 :OM HE HAD DROPP$ 9 TO SEE1 HAD 9=M$ HIM ( MY WORK4 ,! ,PET]SBURG]S HAD1 9 HIS WORDS1 0BE5 FRANK0 ) HIM AB\T ME & HE HAD COME ALONG TO 0P]SUADE0 ME ( ! MI/AK5 NATURE ( \R TACTICS4 ,HE WAS A F]V5T PATRIOT1 A CONTRIBUTOR TO ,YORDANSKY'S ,SOVREM5NY ,MIR1 BELIEV$ 9 ! 9EVITABILITY ( ,RUSSIA'S VICTORY1 ETC4 ,HIS P]SI/5CE & BOA/FULNESS W]E LIMITLESS1 ,I WAS V]Y GLAD :5 HE LEFT4 ,ALL HIS REF]5CES TO COMMISSIONS RECEIV$ FROM V>I\S ,PET]SBURG]S PROV$ TO BE FALSE4 ,FROM LAT] MEET+S ) COMRADES1 ,I E/ABLI%$ ?AT !Y NEV] PASS$ ANY ASSIGNM5TS TO ! ,F9N4 

,AT ! V]Y />T ( MY WORK 9 ,/OCKHOLM ,I GOT TO KN[ MANY ,F9NI%1 ,E/ONIAN & ,ZIONI/ P>TY WORK]S :O HAD BE5 5GAG$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y WORK 9 ,RUSSIA BUT :O N[ 9 ?OSE BLOODY DAYS MA9TA9$ A RA!R ODD ORI5TATION T[>DS ! ,G]MAN ,G5]AL ,/AFF4 ,ONE MAN NAM$ ,KESKULA1 :O TURN$ UP FROM ,SWITZ]L& ) ALL ! APPE>ANCES ( AN ,E/ONIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRAT1 (F]$ TO SUPPLY FUNDS1 >MS & EV]Y?+ NECESS>Y = REVOLUTION>Y WORK 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ALL ?IS WAS (F]$ 9 SU* WAYS & ?R\< SU* 9DIVIDUALS ?AT !IR ORIG9 MI<T HAVE SEEM$ RELIABLE4 ,H[EV]1 BE+ ALWAYS W>Y1 ,I MANAG$ TO E/ABLI% ?AT BEH9D !SE FIGURES LAY A /RATEGIC MANEUV] BY MILIT>ISM4 ,ALL SU* (F]S W]E ALWAYS TURN$ D[N BY MY COMRADES OR MYSELF4 ,I FIRMLY 9/RUCT$ ! COMRADES ,I WAS LEAV+ BEH9D = ! WORK ( SMUGGL+ LIT]ATURE1 ! SECRET>Y ( \R ,BOL%EVIK GR\P 9 ,/OCKHOLM1 ,BOGROVSKY1 & O!RS1 NOT TO ACCEPT FUNDS FROM ANYONE O!R ?AN ,SW$I% P>TY ORGANIZATIONS4 

,ON ?IS VISIT ,I MANAG$ TO E/ABLI% ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN POLITICAL POLICE HAD AG5TS 9 ,/OCKHOLM4 ,\R ORGANIZATIONS & C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS W]E PLAC$ UND] OBS]VATION4 ,!RE WAS EVID5CE ( MAIL BE+ TAMP]$ )1 & ?IS SUGGE/$ ?AT ! ,SW$I% POLICE1 DESPITE ITS NATIONAL PR$ISPOSITION AGA9/ ,RUSSIA1 WAS ASSI/+ ! ,OKHRANA4 ,BRANT+ HAD TO BE MADE AW>E ( ?IS1 & HE QUE/ION$ ! ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 BUT NATURALLY RECEIV$ AN ASSURANCE ?AT ! 0(FICIAL0 POLICE WAS NOT ITSELF 9VOLV$1 AL?\< HE C\LD NOT V\* = PRIVATE 9VE/IGATION BUREAUX4 ,I WAS SUMMON$ TO ! LOCAL POLICE /ATION TO REGI/] AS AN ALI54 ,?IS WAS A SIMPLE =MALITY ?AT 9 NO WAY 9HIBIT$ MY RESID5CE 9 ,SW$54 

,HAV+ SORT$ ?+S \T ) ! GR\P1 ,I DECID$ TO MOVE ON TO ,*RI/IANIA 7,OSLO7 :]E !RE WAS LESS POLICE 9TRIGUE & LIV+ WAS CONSID]ABLY *EAP]1 :I* WAS ( GREAT IMPORTANCE TO ME AS MY FUNDS W]E COM+ TO AN 5D4 ,I IMAG9$ ?AT ,I MI<T F9D A JOB 9 A ,NORWEGIAN 5G9E]+ WORKS MORE QUICKLY4 ,I F\ND ,IBS5'S L& CLAD 9 ITS LUXURIANT W9T] ATTIRE4 ,WOOD$ HILLS1 SPR9KL$ ) SN[1 SP>KL$ UND] ! RAYS ( ! ,M>* SUN4 ,! LI<TLY COV]$ TREES 9 ! WOODS & =E/S LOOK$ LIKE A K+DOM ( SN[Y COLUMNS /UDD$ ) ICICLES GLEAM+ 9 ! SUN4 ,AN 5DLESS1 ALL-ABSORB+ /ILLNESS SPREAD EV]Y:]E4 ,*RI/IANIA1 ! CAPITAL ( ,NORWAY1 HEMM$ 9 BY HILLS & /REWN \T ALONG ! %ORE ( AN ICE-FREE FJORD1 OV]FL[S 9TO ! PLA9 & ITS \TSKIRTS ASC5D ! HILLSIDES4 ,FROM ONE ( ?OSE HILLS1 ,HOLM5KOLL51 AN 5*ANT+ VIEW ( ! CITY OP5S UP AT NI<TTIME4 ,MILLIONS ( T9Y ELECTRIC LI<TS TW9KLE LIKE />S 9 ! NOCTURNAL DI/ANCE1 M]G+ ) ! ,MILKY ,WAY1 ?9N+ \T T[>DS ! FOOT ( ! M\NTA9S1 DISAPPE>+ 9TO ! EXPANSE & BL5D+ 9TO ! />S ( ! NI<T4 ,IT SEEM$ AS IF ?AT P>T ( ! NI<T SKY :I* IS HIDD5 FROM \R EYES BY ! HORIZON MI<T BE VISIBLE FROM ?AT M\NTA94 

,! ,NORWEGIAN COMRADES RECEIV$ ME ) K9DNESS4 ,( ALL ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ONLY ONE1 ,VID5S1 ! $ITOR ( ,SOCIAL-,DEMOKRAT51 ! P>TY'S C5TRAL ORGAN1 KNEW =EIGN LANGUAGES4 ,! ,NORWEGIAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY WAS SOME:AT MORE LEFT ?AN ITS ,SC&9AVIAN SI/]S4 ,ON ! W> ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE HELD AN 9T]NATIONALI/ POSITION & UPHELD ! NEUTRALITY ( ! C\NTRY1 BUT (T5 WAV]$ T[>DS ,ANGLOPHILIA4 ,! 0Y\NG0 SOCIAL DEMOCRATS W]E 9 SOLID>ITY ) !IR ,SW$I% C\NT]P>TS4 ,!Y TOO HAD !IR [N ORGAN1 ,KLASSEKAMP51 :I* FOLL[$ A L9E ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! W>1 BUT IT TOO VE]$ T[>DS PACIFISM ) ITS SLOGAN ( 0LAY D[N ! WEAPONS04 

,MY SE>* = WORK DID NOT YIELD ! DESIR$ RESULTS4 ,9DU/RY WAS 9 ! GRIP ( ! W> CRISIS & AT ! BEG9N+ ( #aiae IT WAS ONLY JU/ />T+ TO RECOV]4 ,IGNORANCE ( ,NORWEGIAN WAS ALSO A H9DRANCE4 ,I HAD TO CONSID] :AT TO DO NEXT4 ,! IDEA OCCURR$ TO ME ( A TRIP TO ,5GL& = WORK4 ,I HAD PREVI\SLY MANAG$ TO OBTA9 A 0=EIGN0 PASSPORT FROM ! ,FR5* CONSUL 9 ,/OCKHOLM &1 NOT )\T SOME DIFFICULTY1 ,I SUCCE$$ 9 GETT+ ! CONS5T ( \R P>TY'S =EIGN C5T]4 ,I OBTA9$ SOME MONEY = ! J\RNEY & ALL ?AT WAS NE$$ WAS ! AGREEM5T ( ! ,BRITI% CONSUL4 ,MY WELL-MEAN+ MANN] & NUM]\S TE/IMONIALS FROM ,FR5* FACTORIES SWUNG HIM RAPIDLY 9 MY FAVOR &1 COLLECT+ ! APPROPRIATE FEE FROM ME1 HE /AMP$ A VISA 9 MY ,FR5* PASSPORT4 ,I ALSO TOOK ) ME MY P]SONAL ,RUSSIAN PASSPORT ( #a#i#g1 A R$ ONE1 9 CASE ( NE$1 & SET \T AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,APRIL4 
  

,TO ,5GL& 

,COMMUNICATIONS ) ,5GL& DUR+ ! W> W]E MA9TA9$ BY /EAM] FROM ,B]G5 TO ,NEWCA/LE1 ) ! RISK ( T\*+ (F M9ES1 5C\NT]+ ,G]MAN SUBM>9ES & W>%IPS & SO ON4 ,BUT !SE HAZ>DS & DIFFICULTIES ONLY 9CREAS$ ! PRICE ( PASS5G] TICKETS & C>GO RATES1 & PROVID$ ADDITIONAL PR(ITS = ! %IPP+ L9E4 

,! R\TE TO ,B]G5 BY RAIL IS REG>D$ AS ONE ( ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL 9 NOR!RN ,EUROPE4 ,! IRON RIBBON ( ! RAILWAY TRACK TWI/S ?R\< ! M\NTA9S & GORGES1 PASSES ALONG LAKESIDES & DEEP PRECIPICES1 DIVES 9TO ! GR\ND & ASC5DS 9TO ! REALM ( P]PETUAL SN[S4 ,EV]Y YE> ?\S&S ( T\RI/S COME TO PAY TRIBUTE TO !SE BEAUTIES ( ,NORWAY4 

,! SMALL BUT EXTREMELY LIVELY PORT ( ,B]G5 %ELT]S AT ! FOOT ( ! M\NTA9S ON ! %ORES ( ! ,B]G5FJORD1 AN 9LET ( ! ,ATLANTIC4 ,%IPP+ MOVEM5TS W]E CONSID]ABLE 9 SPITE ( ! W> BUT ! :OLE LIFE ( ! PORT1 & ESPECIALLY SAIL+S = =EIGN PORTS1 LAY UND] ! /RICT CONTROL ( ! ,BRITI%4 

,MAIL & PASS5G]S W]E TRANSPORT$ 9 RA!R SMALL1 UNCOM=TABLE /EAM]S ) A DISPLACEM5T ( UND] #b1 TONS4 ,PASS5G] EMB>KATION TOOK PLACE UND] SUP]VISION & A P]SONAL APPE>ANCE BE=E AN (FICIAL SPECIALLY AU?ORIZ$ BY ! ,BRITI% TO *ECK ! PASSPORTS WAS REQUIR$1 9 ADDITION TO ! VISA 9 ! PASSPORT4 ,H]E ! 9T]ROGATION & EXAM9ATION ( ! DEP>T+ PASS5G] WAS CONDUCT$1 & IF ! LATT] APPE>$ SUSPICI\S HE W\LD BE REFUS$ ACCESS TO ! VESSEL4 ,I SAFELY PASS$ ?IS *ECK4 

,! VESSEL'S DEP>TURE HAD BE5 VEIL$ 9 SOME SECRECY4 ,AS WE NE>$ ! ,5GLI% COA/ PASS5G]S W]E =BIDD5 TO GO UP ON DECK4 ,! APPROA*ES TO ! ,TYNE HAD BE5 M9$ & PASS5G]S SAT 9 !IR CAB9S ALL ! WAY UP RIV] TO ,NEWCA/LE4 ,AFT] =TY H\RS' PASSAGE FROM ,B]G51 ! /EAM] DOCK$ AT ! QUAY 9 ,NEWCA/LE4 

,AFT] A BRIEF PASSPORT & LUGGAGE EXAM9ATION !RE WAS FREE EXIT TO ! CITY4 ,I MADE = ! RAILWAY /ATION &1 AMONG ! NUM]\S /AIRWAYS1 5TRANCE & EXITS1 F\ND A TRA9 TO ,LONDON2 TW5TY M9UTES OR SO LAT] ! TRA9 SET \T SMOO?LY ON ITS J\RNEY1 )\T ANY ( ?AT SPECIAL COMMOTION ( NOISE & BELLS CU/OM>Y 9 \R C\NTRY4 ,! COA*ES W]E FIR/ & ?IRD CLASS ONLY1 BUILT = COM=T & DESIGN$ = EASY BO>D+ & ALI<T+4 ,EV]Y COMP>TM5T HAD ITS [N DOOR OP5+ DIRECTLY ON TO ! PLAT=M4 ,! COA*ES GLID$ ALONG )\T NOISE OR JOLT+4 ,! TRACKS HAD BE5 SO ALIGN$ SO ?AT ! DANG] ( TRAVEL+ AT SPE$ WAS R$UC$ TO NIL4 ,ALL ! WAY !RE WAS CLEANL9ESS1 COM=T & AN ABS5CE ( EXCIT$ CR[DS4 ,9 A FEW H\RS ,I >RIV$ 9 ,LONDON4 

,I HAD BE5 9 ,LONDON SEV]AL TIMES BE=E ! W>4 ,I HAD WORK$ AT AN AIRDROME 9 ,H5DON & WALK$ >\ND \T ( WORK1 & HAD CLOSELY /UDI$ ! ANCI5T1 SOOT-COV]$ CAPITAL ( ,GREAT ,BRITA94 ,! W> C\LD NOT YET BE S5S$ 9 ! /REETS ( ,LONDON4 ,ONLY AT NI<TTIME DID ,LONDON NOT %9E ) LI<TS AS BE=E3 ! /REET-LAMPS HAD BE5 COV]$ SO ?AT !Y ONLY CA/ LI<T D[NW>D 9 A H>DLY NOTICEABLE PAT*4 ,BUT L>GE NUMB]S ( SOLDI]S W]E 9 EVID5CE EV]Y:]E4 

,I LOOK$ UP AN OLD FRI5D1 0,DADDY0 ,H>RISON1 ,LITV9OV4 ,?R\< HIS GOOD (FICES ,I MOV$ 9TO ! FLAT ( AN OLD EXILE & AT ONCE SET AB\T JOB-HUNT+4 ,9 ! MORN+ ,I W\LD GET A ,DAILY ,*RONICLE1 :]E VACANCIES W]E ADV]TIS$4 ,I WROTE (F TO MY OLD JOB AT ,H5DON1 ,9 RESPONSE TO ONE ADV]T = TURN]S ,I HEAD$ = A C> PLANT AT ,WEMBLEY1 A BRAN* ( ! ,ITALIAN FIRM ( ,FIAT4 ,!RE ,I MET ! ,SWISS MANAG] :O SPOKE ,FR5*1 SEV]AL ,ITALIAN FITT]S & ONE ,5GLI%MAN :O SPOKE ,FR5*4 ,! (F] ( MY SKILLS WAS ACCEPT$ & ,I />T$ WORK ! NEXT DAY4 ,AFT] A TE/ ,I GOT A B5* AS A FIR/ TURN] AT A DAY-RATE ( ONE %ILL+ AN H\R4 ,= ! FIR/ FEW DAYS ,I TRAVEL$ BACK TO ! FLAT 9 ,LONDON1 BUT ?AT TOOK TWO H\RS EA* DAY & MY NEW WORKMATES F\ND A FURNI%$ ROOM 9 ! SAME >EA = ONLY EI<TE5 %ILL+S A WEEK ) MEALS4 ,! WORK+ H\RS CAME TO FIFTY-TWO & A HALF A WEEK1 FIVE DAYS ( N9E & A HALF H\RS & FIVE ON ,SATURDAYS4 ,WORK WAS EASY-GO+4 ,! ,5GLI% WORK]S WORK$ WELL BUT )\T RU%+1 & !Y DID NOT LIKE TO BE *AS$4 ,MY RELATIONS ) EV]YONE W]E EXCELL5T FROM ! V]Y FIR/ DAYS4 ,ALL ! WORK]S LE>N$ ?AT ,I WAS A REVOLUTION>Y & AN OPPON5T ( ! W>1 & WE (T5 HAD SIMPLE >GUM5TS OV] ! B5*ES1 SOMETIMES ) ! P>TICIPATION ( AN 9T]PRET]4 ,! M5 W]E MO/LY MEMB]S ( ! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,SOCIETY ( ,5G9E]S4 ,BE=E ! W> IT WAS V]Y DIFFICULT = A =EIGN] TO GET 9TO ?IS UNION1 = ! LEAD]S ( ! ,BRITI% TRADE UNIONS W]E GREAT NATIONALI/S &1 AL?\< ! UNIONS HAD =MALLY JO9$ 9T]NATIONAL TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATIONS1 !IR P>TICIPATION 9 CONGRESS DECISIONS WAS HI<LY PLATONIC4 

,I ASK$ ! WORKS UNION REPRES5TATIVE TO ADMIT ME AS A UNION MEMB] & PRES5T$ MY SUBSCRIPTION C>DS FROM UNIONS 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,! COMRADE W5T D[N TO HIS BRAN* AT ,*ISWICK & EXPLA9$ :5 HE CAME BACK ?AT MY 0KN[L$GE ( ! TRADE & WORK PRACTICES0 5TITL$ ME TO JO9 ! UNION4 ,HE PROPOS$ ?AT ,I TURN UP AT A MEET+ ! FOLL[+ ,SATURDAY = MY F9AL ACCEPTANCE4 ,! UNION R5T$ SEV]AL ROOMS 9 A LOCAL RE/AURANT4 ,AB\T FIFTY COMRADES W]E 9 !IR SEATS WAIT+ = ! MEET+ TO OP54 ,A FEW NOVICES W]E AWAIT+ ! RITES ( ACCEPTANCE4 ,! MEET+ WAS DECL>$ OP5 & ! *AIRMAN ANN\NC$ ! WI% ( ! NEW COMRADES TO JO9 ! UNION4 ,! FIR/ C&IDATE WAS MYSELF4 ,\R %OP REPRES5TATIVE /AT$ ?AT ,I KNEW MY JOB & ! WORK RULES WELL1 & ?AT ,I W\LD OBS]VE ! UNION RUL+ ON ! M9IMUM WAGE4 ,! *AIRMAN ADD$ ?AT ,I HAD ALREADY BE5 = MANY YE>S A MEMB] ( UNIONS 9 ,FRANCE & ,G]MANY1 BUT !Y HAD /ILL TO ACQUA9T ME ) ! OBLIGATIONS ( A NEW MEMB]4 ,ALL ! NEW 5TRANTS GA!R$ R\ND ! TABLE & ! *AIRMAN OP5$ A SMALL BOOKLET TO READ \T ! 0RULES0 ON ! OBLIGATIONS1 DUTIES & RI<TS ( UNION MEMB]S4 ,AFT] ?IS SOLEMN C]EMONY ! NOVICES BECAME FULLY-FL$G$ MEMB]S4 ,?IS ATMOSPH]E ( SOLEMN 9ITIATION & SECRECY WAS R$OL5T ( ! GOOD OLD DAYS ( 0CAM>AD]IE01 :5 APPR5TICE CRAFTSM5 =M$ !IR CL&E/9E ASSOCIATIONS AGA9/ ! MA/] CRAFTSM54 

,)9 ! ,BRITI% PROLET>IAT1 :I* WAS ORGANIZ$ 9TO SOCIALI/ P>TIES - NAMELY ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY & ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY - & 9TO TRADE UNIONS ALSO1 ! W> HAD GIV5 RISE TO ! SAME ATTITUDES & ! SAME SPLITS AS 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY'S MO/ POPUL> LEAD]1 ,KEIR ,H>DIE1 :O WAS FAMILI> TO US 9 ,RUSSIA AS AN 0OPPORTUNI/01 PROV$ TO HAVE BE5 A VEHEM5T & A S]I\S OPPON5T ( ! ,BRITI% W> P>TY4 ,HE DI$ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! W> GLORI\SLY AS AN ANTI-W> FI<T]1 & ! LOSS ,WAS KE5LY FELT BY ,BRITI% WORK]S4 ,ANO!R LEAD]1 KN[N 9 ,RUSSIA AS ,BRITA9'S 0ONLY M>XI/01 ! >I/OCRAT ,HYNDMAN1 HAD BECOME AN 9VET]ATE NATIONALI/ & *AUV9I/4 ,SOME ,RUSSIAN COMRADES :O HAD HAD DEAL+S ) HIM BACK 9 ! #a#i#e-#h P]IOD REF]R$ TO HIM AS A TWO-FAC$ POLITICO4 ,COMRADE ,M>T9S1 A SOCIAL DEMOCRAT & EXIL$ 5G9E] :O WAS WORK+ 9 ,BRITA91 HAD 9=MATION ?AT ,HYNDMAN WAS A %>EHOLD] & DIRECTOR ( A MA*9E-GUN & RIFLE MANUFACTUR]S4 ,?US HIS 0W>LIKE0 DISPOSITION WAS JU/IFI$ BY SOME 0W>LIKE0 9COME4 

,WIDESPREAD ANTI-W> ACTIVITY WAS C>RI$ \T BY ! ,I,L,P4 ,9 ADDITION TO ITS P>LIAM5T>Y /ATEM5TS ?IS P>TY EXP5D$ GREAT 5]GY \TSIDE P>LIAM5T4 ,AT ! V]Y BEG9N+ IT ISSU$ A 0MANIFE/O0 ON ITS ATTITUDE TO ! W> 9 :I* IT SET \T ITS PACIFI/ ANTI-MILIT>I/ /ANCE1 )\T BE+ ABLE TO GIVE SO MU* AS A CLUE TO A PRACTICAL WAY \T ( ! NEW SITUATION = WORK]S4 

,! P>TY'S WEEKLY PAP] ,LABOR ,LEAD] C>RI$ CON/ANT PACIFI/ SLOGANS AGA9/ ! W>4 ,! P>TY'S PUBLI%]S PUT \T SEV]AL DOZ5 BOOKS1 PAMPHLETS & BOOKLETS AGA9/ ! W>1 9 :I* ! BLAME = ! SLAU<T] WAS PLAC$ ON ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T4 ,ESPECIALLY VALUABLE WAS ! BOOK ,SECRET ,DIPLOMACY1 :I* EXPOS$ A :OLE NUMB] ( ,ANGLO-,FR5* MA*9ATIONS AGA9/ ,G]MANY4 ,! B\RGEOIS PRESS SL&]$ ! ,I,L,P OV] ?IS BOOK1 ACCUS+ !M ( SELL+ !MSELVES TO ! ,G]MANS & SO ON4 ,! GOV]NM5T SEIZ$ ! J\RNAL & PAMPHLETS & ORD]$ ! PR9T]S NOT TO H&LE !M1 BUT ?AT DID NOT /OP ! ,I,L,P FROM FUR!R WORK4 ,!Y ALSO ORGANIZ$ PUBLIC MEET+S4 ,! POLICE TRI$ EV]Y?+ TO BREAK !M UP1 MOBILIZ+ HOOLIGANS & PLANT+ AG5TS TO %\T D[N ! SPEAK]S & DISRUPT ! MEET+S 9 O!R WAYS4 

,! ACTIVITY ( ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY WAS LESS CONSPICU\S4 ,IT DID1 H[EV]1 ISSUE QUITE A FEW LEAFLETS CALL+ = A /RUGGLE AGA9/ PATRIOTIC *AUV9ISM4 ,BO? P>TIES SE>*$ = ALL SORTS ( WAYS TO ORGANIZE 9T]NATIONAL CONTACTS4 

,) ! HELP ( COMRADE ,LITV9OV1 ONE ( ! OLDE/ EXILES1 ,I MADE ! ACQUA9TANCE ( AN ,M,P1 ! 9DEP5D5T SOCIALI/1 ,&]SON4 ,HE FAMILI>IZ$ ME ) ! P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLE CONDUCT$ BY !IR P>TY & !IR WORK AS A :OLE4 ,?IS COMRADE %[$ GREAT 9T]E/ 9 REVOLUTION>Y WORK 9 ,RUSSIA & ASK$ ME TO WRITE AN >TICLE = !M \TL9+ ! CURR5T SITUATION 9 \R C\NTRY4 ,5GLI% TRADE UNIONI/S1 AL?\< 9 A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( CASES ONLY !IR *IEFS1 TOOK ! SIDE ( ! GOV]NM5T ON ! QUE/ION ( ! W>4 ,! ,TRADES ,UNION ,CONGRESS HAD PUBLI%$ A MANIFE/O ( LACKEYI% CONT5T B5EA? :I* W]E ! SIGNATURES ( SEV]AL UNIONS4 ,A HAPPY EXCEPTION WAS ! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,SOCIETY ( ,5G9E]S4 ,AMONG METALWORK]S !RE WAS NO SU* 0DRUNK50 NATIONALISM4 ,BUT :ILE WORK+ AT ! PLANT & M+L+ 9 ! PUB & ! UNION ,I WAS GREATLY /RUCK BY ! L[ LEVEL ( POLITICAL AW>5ESS ( EV5 ! ,5GLI% METALWORK]S' ORGANIZ]S4 ,:5 ,I CAME 9TO ! %OP FOLL[+ ,MAY ,DAY1 :5 ,I HAD /AY$ AWAY FROM WORK1 SEV]AL WORKMATES CAME OV] TO SEE :E!R ,I HAD BE5 SICK1 AS !Y HAD MISS$ ME AT WORK4 ,I EXPLA9$ ?AT ,I DID NOT GO TO WORK ON ,MAY ,DAY4 ,SOME ( ! Y\NG/]S W]E QUITE AMAZ$ & />T+ ASK+ QUE/IONS AB\T ! MEAN+ ( ,MAY ,DAY4 ,YET !SE WORK]S W]E LIV+ & WORK+ AT ! V]Y C5T] ( ,BRITA9'S LABOR MOVEM5T - ,LONDON6 
  

,AMONG ! ,RUSSIANS 9 ,LONDON 

,! NUMB] ( ,RUSSIAN EXILES 9 ,LONDON HAD GR[N CONSID]ABLY DUR+ ! W>4 ,MANY HAD COME FROM ,BELGIUM4 ,PRESSURE PUT ON ALL ,RUSSIANS ( CALL-UP AGE BY ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T HAD PROMPT$ MANY TO LEAVE ,FRANCE ALSO4 ,! EXILE COMMUNITY HAD FRAGM5T$ 9TO A NUMB] ( P>TY GR\P+S1 ) !IR SIEGE AT ! ,K>L ,M>X ,PEOPLE'S ,CLUB 9 ,*>LOTTE ,/REET4 ,! NONP>TY ,H]Z5 ,CIRCLE WAS ALSO BAS$ !RE4 

,\R P>TY ORGANIZATION REQUIR$ A REPORT FROM ME ON ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! GA!R+ LI/5$ ) GREAT 9T]E/ TO MY ACC\NTS ( ! ,PET]SBURG]S' SUMM] DEMON/RATIONS & ! FIR/ MON?S ( ! W>4 ,I HAD TO REPEAT ! REPORT SEV]AL TIMES AT O!R MEET+S ( NATIONAL SECTIONS4 

,LIV+ NE> ,LONDON ,I WAS ABLE TO OBS]VE AT FIR/ H& EV]Y DAY1 FROM ! NEWSPAP]S & ! MOOD ( ! 9HABITANTS1 ! SKILL ( ! ,BRITI% B\RGEOISIE 9 MANIPULAT+ SOCIETY4 ,BY =M+ A L& >MY ! ,BRITI% B\RGEOISIE HAD SUCCESSFULLY EXPLOIT$ ITS PURPORT$ 0UNPREP>$NESS0 = ! W>4 ,IT WAS ?IS SAME 0UNPREP>$NESS0 ?AT HAD 5ABL$ ,LLOYD ,GEORGE TO MAKE CAPITAL \T ( ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T'S 0PEACEFUL NATURE04 ,! PRESS S\<T TO MAKE USE ( RAIDS BY ,ZEPPEL9S1 AIRCRAFT & %IPS ON ,BRITA9'S COA/L9E TO 9FLAME HATR$ = ! ,G]MANS & 9 ?AT !Y SUCCE$$4 ,! /RIKE MOVEM5T HAD WEAK5$ CONSID]ABLY1 ?ANKS TO ! POLICY ( 0ALLIANCE0 C>RI$ \T BY ! TRADE-UNION *IEFS4 ,?IS WAS ALSO HELP$ BY ! CONCILIATORY ATTITUDE ( BO? ! GOV]NM5T & MANUFACTUR]S1 :O HAD PROSP]$ ON L>GE PR(ITS4 ,BUT 9 ! SUMM] ( #aiae ,I HAPP5$ TO BE WITNESS TO A NUMB] ( /RIKES 7ON ! TRAMS1 ETC47 & TO TAKE P>T MYSELF 9 DEM&S = PAY 9CREASES4 ,! EMPLOY] AGRE$ TO RAISE ! ,WAGES ( ALL WORK]S BY ! P5NY AN H\R DEM&$ BY ! WORK]S4 ,I HAD1 PRIOR TO ?IS1 MANAG$ TO W9 A P]SONAL RISE ( A P5NY SO ?AT MY DAILY WAGE WAS N[ ONE %ILL+ & TWO P5CE AN H\R4 ,?ANKS TO ! L[ CO/ ( LIV+ 9 ,5GL& ,I WAS V]Y SOON ABLE TO BR+ SOME ORD] BACK 9TO MY CLO?+ & TO REEQUIP MYSELF ) UND]WE>1 :I* HAD GOT PRETTY TATTY DUR+ MY ILLEGAL TRAVELS4 ,I ALSO />T$ TO GIVE ?\<T TO PROCUR+ FUNDS = MY RETURN TO ,RUSSIA & ILLEGAL WORK OV] !RE4 ,I FULFILL$ A REQUE/ FROM ! ,RUSSIAN & ,5GLI% COMRADES TO WRITE AN >TICLE ON ! SITUATION 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,I RECEIV$ A REQUE/ FROM ,AM]ICA TOO4 ,I MADE COPIES ON A TYPEWRIT]1 GIV+ ONE TO ! COMRADES = ! ,5GLI% & S5D+ ONE EA* TO ,NORWAY1 ,SWITZ]L& & ,AM]ICA4 ,! EFFECT ( ! DISPAT* WAS :OLLY UNEXPECT$4 ,I WAS PLAC$ UND] OBS]VATION AS A SPY1 & A ,BRITI% SECRET POLICE AG5T CAME TO VISIT MY L&LADY 9 ORD] TO GET TO KN[ ME A BIT BETT]4 

,ONE DAY :5 ,I CAME 9 FROM WORK1 ! L&LADY ASK$ ME TO COME D[N/AIRS TO ! SITT+-ROOM :]E A Y\NG MAN WAS WAIT+ = ME4 ,! L&LADY FURTIVELY 9TRODUC$ US & !N HA/ILY %UT ! DOOR & LEFT US ALONE4 ,BE=E ME WAS AN ,5GLI%MAN1 A TALL *AP1 9TELLECTUAL-LOOK+ & SM>TLY DRESS$4 ,HE BEGAN ) APOLOGIES & FRANKLY /AT$ ?AT HE HAD RECEIV$ AN ASSIGNM5T ( A QUITE UNUSUAL NATURE FROM HIS SUP]IORS3 TO TRAIL ME & ELUCIDATE MY *>ACT]1 BECAUSE ( SOME >TICLE ,I HAD WRITT54 ,HE WAS MO/ 9T]E/$ 9 ?IS >TICLE1 TWO COPIES ( :I* HAD BE5 9T]CEPT$ BY ! MILIT>Y C5SOR%IP ON !IR WAY TO ,SWITZ]L& & ,NORWAY4 0,! COPY = ,AM]ICA HAD GOT ?R\<4 ,HE HAD OBTA9$ ONLY AN EXC]PT FROM ! >TICLE1 & REALIZ$ ?AT IT WAS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! CZ> & ! W>4 ,I CONFIRM$ ?AT ?IS WAS ! CASE4 ,I ASK$1 IS ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T UND]TAK+ ! DEF5SE ( ! CZ>8 ,! SLEU? W9C$ & SAID ?AT HE DID NOT ?9K SO1 BUT 9 HALF-AN-H\R'S CONV]SATION TRI$ TO 9SPIRE ME ) TRU/ 9 ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T4 ,I PROTE/$ AB\T ! 9T]CEPTION ( MY MANUSCRIPTS1 DEM&+ !IR RETURN OR AN (FICIAL NOTIFICATION ( ! REASON = !IR SEIZURE4 ,! SLEU? REPLI$ ?AT UND] ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REALM ,ACT1 ! MILIT>Y C5SOR%IP HAD ! RI<T TO SEIZE MAIL )\T ANY EXPLANATION4 ,I APPLI$ TO ! ,PO/ ,(FICE = COMP5SATION = ! UNDELIV]$ MANUSCRIPTS1 BUT :5 ,I WAS BACK 9 ,SW$5 ,I RECEIV$ NOTIFICATION FROM ! ,PO/ ,(FICE ?AT ! MANUSCRIPTS HAD BE5 IMP\ND$4 

,9 ,WEMBLEY ,I GOT TO KN[ COMRADE ,I4,K4 ,M>T9S1 :O LIV$ !RE UND] POLICE SURVEILLANCE AS A 0,G]MAN04 ,COMRADE ,M>T9S HAD BE5 BORN 9 ,RUSSIA ( ,G]MAN P>5TAGE1 HAD TAK5 P>T 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T & = ?IS HAD BE5 DEPORT$ TO ,G]MANY1 :]E HE HAD S]V$ TWO YE>S AS A SOLDI] & !N LEFT = ,5GL&4 ,!RE HE HAD WORK$ ON V>I\S 9V5TIONS = ! 0COMBAT TASKS0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,HE HAD BE5 WORK+ AS A DRAFTSMAN 9 AN 5G9E WORKS4 ,9 ! SUMM] ( #aiae SOME ( ! FIRM'S (FICE-WORK]S />T$ A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ HIM AS A 0,G]MAN0 & ! MANAG]1 TO PROVE ?AT HE WAS NOT UNPATRIOTIC1 AGRE$ TO SACK HIM4 ,COMRADE ,M>T9S1 ) HIS WIFE & *ILD1 REMA9$ \T ( WORK1 AMID ! HO/ILITY ( ! MIDDLE-CLASS PATRIOTS ( ! >EA4 ,ONLY COMRADES FROM ! ,RUSSIAN COLONY KEPT CONTACT ) HIM4 ,?ANKS TO !IR TR\BLE & HIS HALF-,RUSSIAN EXTRACTION1 COMRADE ,M>T9S MANAG$ TO GET HIMSELF \T ( ,BRITA9 TO ,NEW ,YORK4 

,9 ,LONDON ,I MET ! =M] P>TY AGITATOR & J\RNALI/1 ,/ANISLAV ,SOKOLOV 7,VOLSKY74 ,HE WAS /RUGGL+ TO LE>N ! LESSONS ( ! W>1 BUT WAS PATRIOTICALLY 9CL9$4 ,IT WAS V]Y SAD TO SEE A VALUABLE ORGANIZ] LEAV+ ! REVOLUTION>Y PA?4 ,I >GU$ ) HIM = A LONG :ILE 9 ORD] TO TRY TO %AKE (F HIS SOCIAL PATRIOTISM & W5T ON A TRIP ) HIM TO ,BRI<TON4 

,!RE W]E MANY O!R ORGANIZ]S & J\RNALI/S 9 ,LONDON3 ,K]ZH5TSEV1 :O WAS WORK+ SOME:]E 0= DEF5SE02 ,KAPUSKAS ) ! ,LI?UANIANS2 ,B]Z9 & ,PET]S ) ! ,LETTS2 ,*I*]91 :O HAD BROK5 ) ! LIQUIDATORS1 & ,PETROV1 :O HAD BECOME A ,BOL%EVIK 9 ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,AMONG ! LIQUIDATORS W]E ,MAISKY & O!RS4 

,9 MIDSUMM] WE HAD NEWS ?AT COMRADE ,BUKH>9 & HIS WIFE W]E ON !IR WAY FROM ,SWITZ]L& ?R\< ,FRANCE & ,BRITA94 ,ON ! DAY ( HIS >RIVAL 9 ,LONDON1 COMRADE ,LITV9OV & ,I W5T TO ! /ATION TO MEET HIM4 ,I HAD NOT PREVI\SLY MET ,BUKH>9 & DID NOT KN[ HIM BY SI<T4 ,NOR DID ,LITV9OV4 ,H[EV]1 WE ASSUM$ ?AT WE W\LD F9D !M & MEET SOMEH[4 ,! /ATION WAS PACK$ ) SOLDI]S LEAV+ & !IR FAMILIES SEE+ !M (F4 ,HUNDR$S ( PASS5G]S EM]G$ FROM A TRA9 ?AT HAD JU/ PULL$ 94 ,BUT NONE ( !M W]E 0!Y01 ! 0,RUSSIANS04 ,BUT !N AT LA/ CAME A C\PLE ( VACANT-LOOK+ ,RUSSIANS LOOK+ >\ND 9 ALL DIRECTIONS4 ,WE DECID$ ?AT !SE MU/ BE ! ,BUKH>9S4 ,WE W5T UP & GREET$ !M4 ,! COMRADES W]E MO/ SURPRIS$ ?AT WE C\LD DI/+UI% !M FROM AMONG ?\S&S ( PASS5G]S1 BUT ! SECRET WAS SIMPLE3 WE C\LD TELL !M BY !IR W&]+ GAZES1 ABS5T-M9D$ EXPRESSIONS & ! SMALL BUNDLES UND] !IR >MS4 ,WE TOOK !M TO \R SUBURB ( ,WEMBLEY & LODG$ !M ) COMRADE ,M>T9S4 ,BUKH>9 WAS TRAVEL+ ON ! PASSPORT ( A ,JEW1 ,M4,L4 ,DOLGOLEVSKY1 & HAD AS A RESULT ( ?IS SUFF]$ A GREAT DEAL ( (F5SE FROM ,FR5* & ,5GLI% ANTI-,SEMITES4 ,I S5T A NUMB] ( ASSIGNM5TS TO ,RUSSIA ) ,N4,M4 ,BUKH>9A4 ,! COMRADES UND]W5T QUITE A FEW ORDEALS ON ! WAY BUT /ILL REA*$ ,/OCKHOLM SAFELY & ,N4,M4 REA*$ ,RUSSIA TOO4 

,! ORGANIZ]S ( \R P>TY WORK 9 ! ,LONDON COLONY TOOK S]I\SLY MY SE>* = FUNDS = ! RETURN TO ,RUSSIA & TO REGUL>IZE ILLEGAL TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATIONS4 ,COMRADE ,LITV9OV F\ND IT POSSIBLE TO LIQUIDATE ! CIRCLE & GR\P ASSETS & TO ALLOT AB\T ,G,B,P#e FROM ?AT TO ME = MY WORK4 ,9 ,AUGU/ ,I WAS READY TO LEAVE ,BRITA91 BUT ?IS REQUIR$ C]TA9 =MALITIES4 ,MY =EIGN PASSPORT WAS VALID ONLY = PASSAGE TO ,P>IS & WAS NOT GOOD = ! RETURN4 ,SO ,I DECID$ TO USE MY OLD R$ #aig PASSPORT1 ISSU$ TO ME BY ! T[N ELD] ( ,MUROM4 ,I PUT MY PHOTOGRAPH 9 IT & W5T (F TO ! ,RUSSIAN CONSULATE4 ,MY 0G5U9E0 ,RUSSIAN PHYSIOGNOMY PROVOK$ NO SUSPICIONS1 & A /AMP WAS PLAC$ 9 MY PASSPORT = ! EXIT FROM ,BRITA9 TO ,RUSSIA4 ,) ?IS DOCUM5T IT W\LD N[ BE EASY TO BUY A TICKET & GET ON ! /EAM]4 ,H[EV]1 ,I ONLY US$ ?IS PASSPORT ONCE1 = ! EXIT FROM ,BRITA94 ,AL?\< ! VISA HAD BE5 GRANT$ = ?R\< TRAVEL TO ,RUSSIA ,I DID NOT USE IT1 CONSID]+ SU* A J\RNEY UNWISE4 

,I SAID GOODBYE TO ! COMRADES LEFT BEH9D :O W]E 5VI\S ( MY J\RNEY1 & SET \T ON ! PLEASANT R\TE ?R\< ! FIELDS & T[NS TO ,NEWCA/LE4 ,I WAS ALREADY AT ! QUAYSIDE ON ! EV5+ ( ! SAME DAY4 ,EMB>KATION HAD NOT YET COMM5C$2 ! PASS5G]S W]E WAIT+ 9 ! BAGGAGE %$4 ,AMONG ! TRAVEL]S W]E MANY ,RUSSIANS1 9CLUD+ SOME PRISON]S-(-W> :O HAD ESCAP$ FROM ,G]MANY ?R\< ,HOLL&4 ,! ,BRITI% MILIT>Y CONTROL APPE>$ TO BE *ECK+ ! PASS5G]S' DOCUM5TS4 ,I HAD TO PUT MYSELF \T OV] ! PRISON]S-(-W>1 AS !IR CONSUL> ESCORT HAD DISAPPE>$ & !Y W]E GETT+ UPSET NOT KN[+ ! LANGUAGE4 ,I GOT !M SORT$ \T4 ,! ,BRITI% CU/OMS (FIC]S & EMIGRATION CONTROL EXAM9$ ! LUGGAGE & WALLETS ( DEP>T+ PASS5G]S )\T ANY HURRY1 SWAPP+ JOKES4 ,!RE WAS NO TALK AB\T ! W>3 ! RIS+ FOOD PRICES W]E ( GREATE/ CONC]N4 ,/>T+ UP A CONV]SATION 9 ,FR5* ) ONE ( !M :O WAS CLOSELY ACQUA9T$ ) ! 9DU/RY ( ! >EA1 ! CONDITIONS ( ! WORK]S & SO ON1 ,I LE>N$ ?AT ! NI<T BE=E !RE HAD BE5 A ,ZEPPEL9 RAID NOT F> (F :I* HAD DEMOLI%$ SEV]AL BUILD+S 9 A VILLAGE4 ,MY ?+S W]E NOT EXAM9$1 ?ANKS TO ?IS CONV]SATION1 & ,I GOT ON TO ! /EAM] CONSID]ABLY SOON] ?AN ! O!RS4 

,! /EAM] QUIETLY SAIL$ AT MIDNI<T4 ,! PASS5G]S SAT 9 !IR CAB9S4 ,9 ! MORN+ WE W]E ALL[$ TO GO UP ON DECK1 AS BY !N WE W]E F> FROM ,BRITA9'S %ORES4 ,EV]YONE WAS LIV+ 9 FE> ( MEET+ A M9E OR A SUBM>9E4 ,! CREW EXPLA9$ TO ! PASS5G]S :I* CAB9S HAD TO EMB>K 9 :I* LIFEBOAT 9 AN EM]G5CY4 ,ANY D>K OBJECT FLOAT+ AHEAD ( ! VESSEL1 ANY POLE /ICK+ \T ( ! WAT] OR ANY PUFF ( SMOKE ON ! SKYL9E >\S$ ANXIETY4 ,! /EAM] SAIL$ SL[LY1 NOT MAK+ MORE ?AN N9E OR T5 KNOTS4 ,! SEA SEEM$ TO BE POPULAT$ BY EVIL-DO]S WAT*+ OV] !IR VICTIMS FROM BEH9D EA* WAVE-CRE/4 

,I GOT TALK+ TO ! ,RUSSIAN SOLDI]S :O HAD ESCAP$ FROM CAPTIVITY4 ,!Y W]E ALL ,N,C,OS2 !Y SPOKE ) PRIDE ( ! RIGORS ( ESCAPE4 ,9 ,LONDON SOME PR9CE ( ! ,ROMANOV FAMILY HAD PRES5T$ !M ) WRI/-WAT*ES1 BUT !Y W]E SO BAD ?AT SOME ( ! 0PRES5TS0 W]E ALREADY BROK54 ,WE *ATT$ AB\T ! W>4 ,! TRAVAILS !Y HAD UND]GONE MADE !M HO/ILE TO ,G]MANS4 ,I BEGAN TO 9T]E/ !M 9 ! AIMS ( ! W>4 ,IT WAS CLE> ?AT PEOPLE W]E ALREADY ?9K+ AB\T1 & !Y SAID ?AT ,RUSSIA HAD GONE 9 TO SUPPORT ,FRANCE4 ,I GAVE !M \R LIT]ATURE TO READ & EXPLA9$ ! TRUE NATURE ( ! W>4 ,I DID ?IS UNOBTRUSIVELY & ONLY 9 SO F> AS ! PEOPLE 9T]E/$ WANT$ TO TALK4 ,?AT REMOV$ ANY MI/RU/ & WE P>T$ FRI5DS UPON >RIVAL 9 ,NORWAY1 EX*ANG+ ADDRESSES AS WE SAID GOODBYE4 

,9 ,*RI/IANIA ,I MET ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI1 :O WAS N[ ACTIVELY ASSI/+ ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY WORK3 %E WAS HELP+ ORGANIZE COMMUNICATIONS4 ,9 ! ,*RI/IANIA DI/RICT A 0,LEAGUE ( ,RUSSIAN ,WORK]S0 HAD BE5 =M$1 :I* WAS SOME?+ LIKE A POLITICAL CLUB4 ,& :AT A FUNNY ?+3 AS SOON AS AN ORGANIZATION ( ,RUSSIANS IS =M$ !RE AT ONCE BEG9S ! SQUABBL+1 ! 9TRIGUES & O!R SU* 0POLITICS04 ,I HAD A LOT ( TR\BLE ESCAP+ ! P]SI/5CE ( ! 9TRIGU]S & ! IDL5ESS & /UPIDITY ( ! DIFF]5T 0P>TIES0 :O WANT$ TO 9VOLVE ME AS A REF]EE4 
  

,9 ,SC&9AVIA 

,COMMUNICATIONS ) ,RUSSIA HAD WEAK5$ & TRANSPORT HAD COME TO A /OP DUR+ MY ABS5CE4 ,BUT ?IS TIME ,I CONSID]$ ?AT ?+S C\LD BE REM$I$1 AS !RE WAS MONEY4 ,I DECID$ TO USE ! AVAILABLE FUNDS TO 9VE/IGATE ALL ! R\TES ?AT C\LD S]VE = TRANSPORT1 & TO S5D AS MU* ILLEGAL LIT]ATURE AS POSSIBLE OV] ! FRONTI]1 E/ABLI%+ SEV]AL DUMPS NE> ! ,F9NI%-,SW$I% & ,NORWEGIAN-,RUSSIAN BORD]S FROM :]E \R P>TY ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,RUSSIA C\LD EASILY OBTA9 ALL ! NECESS>Y LIT]ATURE & ?R\< :I* !Y C\LD TRANSMIT NEWS1 CORRESPOND5CE & REPORTS BACK TO \R =EIGN C5T] & C5TRAL ORGAN4 

,I F\ND \T :I* R\TES HAD BE5 US$ BY \R REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! HEYDAY ( ! UND]GR\ND FROM #ai TO #a#i#e4 ,MANY ( !SE R\TES LAY 9 ! W> ZONES ON ! BORD]S ( ,AU/RIA & ,G]MANY4 ,ONLY ,F9L& REMA9$4 ,! DIFFICULTIES W]E 5ORM\S1 AS ALL ! FRONTI]S W]E CLOSELY GU>D$ ON EI!R SIDE4 ,! SUMM] R\TES FROM ! NOR? ( ,NORWAY TO ,>KHANGELSK SEEM$ ATTRACTIVE4 ,IT WAS KN[N ?AT \T ON ! REMOTE %ORES ( ! ,>CTIC ,OCEAN ! 9HABITANTS ALONG ! BORD] BETWE5 ,RUSSIA & ,NORWAY HAD GOOD NEI<BORLY RELATIONS AMONG !MSELVES1 & ,RUSSIAN FI%]M5 & SMALL TRAD]S QUITE (T5 PASS$ 9 & \T ( ,NORWEGIAN PORTS1 COM+ D[N AS F> AS ,N>VIK & ,TRONDHEITN4 ,RUSSIANS 9 SMALL FLAT-BOTTOM$ BOATS W\LD PUT 9 AT ,V>DO1 A SMALL T[N ON AN ISL& (F ! NOR? COA/ ( ,NORWAY4 ,BETWE5 ! ,MURMAN COA/ 7,KOLA & ,ALEX&ROVSK7 & ! ,NORWEGIAN PORTS ( ,V>DO1 ,KIRK5ES & ,VADSO1 !RE WAS A PASS5G] & MAIL /EAM] S]VICE4 ,SOME ,RUSSIAN /EAM]S MA9TA9$ A REGUL> S]VICE TO ,V>DO4 ,IT WAS V]Y TEMPT+ TO MAKE USE ( !SE R\TES = TRANSPORT4 

,I LEFT ,*RI/IANIA = ,/OCKHOLM4 ,!RE ,I F\ND M\NTA9S ( LIT]ATURE & ALSO COMRADE ,BUKH>9 & ! NEWLY->RIV$ ,G4 ,PYATAKOV & ,E4,B4 ,BOS*4 ,! P>TY GR\P HAD 9CREAS$ SUB/ANTIALLY4 ,COMRADES ,BUKH>9 & ,PYATAKOV HAD GOT TO KN[ ALL ! LEAD]S ( ! ,SW$I% LEFT SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & W]E TAK+ AN ACTIVE P>T 9 !IR WORK1 ?\< REFRA9+ FROM PUBLIC APPE>ANCES4 ,!Y WROTE >TICLES = ! P]IODICAL ,KOMMUNI/ & LEAFLETS = ,RUSSIA4 ,I ACQUA9T$ !M ) MY PLANS = PUTT+ COMMUNICATIONS & LIT]ATURE ON A S\ND FOOT+ & ! PREP>ATIONS = MY [N J\RNEY4 ,! COMRADES APPROV$ MY PROPOSALS & (F]$ !IR FULL ASSI/ANCE4 ,!Y HAD MOV$ FROM ,SWITZ]L& TO ,/OCKHOLM SOLELY BECAUSE ( ! PROXIMITY TO ,RUSSIA1 & TO HELP 9 E/ABLI%+ REVOLUTION>Y WORK !RE4 ,I N[ FELT A LOT /RONG] KN[+ ?AT ONCE ,I HAD GOT BACK TO ,RUSSIA !RE W\LD BE PEOPLE ON ! BORD] :O C\LD DEAL ) COMMUNICATIONS REQUIREM5TS4 

,I PICK$ UP ! ISSUES ( ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT ?AT HAD ACCUMULAT$ 9 ,/OCKHOLM & S5T !M (F TO ! ,F9NI% FRONTI]4 ,?R\< MY ACQUA9TANCE ) SOCIAL DEMOCRATS 9 ! NOR!RN REGION ( ,SW$51 & ALSO ! UNIONS ( SEAM5 & RIV] BOATM51 ,I MADE MANY CONTACTS 9 ,LULEA & ,HAP>&A4 ,?R\< ,LULEA1 LIT]ATURE & PEOPLE C\LD BE S5T TO ,\LU BY ,F9NI% & ,SW$I% FI%]M54 ,FROM ,HAP>&A & ITS 5VIRONS !RE W]E MANY R\TES 9TO ,F9L&4 ,! MO/ PREF]ABLE & QUICKE/ W\LD HAVE BE5 ! F]RY TO ,TORNIO & FROM !RE DIRECT BY RAIL TO ,PET]SBURG4 ,BUT ?IS WAS ! MO/ DIFFICULT AS IT LAY UND] ! SCRUT9Y ( G5D>MES1 C\NT]-9TELLIG5CE1 FRONTI] PATROLS & CU/OMS GU>DS4 ,I NEV]!LESS S\<T TO MAKE USE ( ?IS R\TE & /RIKE UP ACQUA9TANCES4 ,9 ,HAP>&A ,I WAS FAMILI> ) A SOCIAL DEMOCRAT1 A SMALL %OPKEEP] 9 ! FOOTWE> TRADE1 & HE HAD MANY ACQUA9TANCES AMONG ! ,F9NS ON ! F> SIDE ( ! FRONTI]4 ,HE HAD MADE CONTACT ) A ,F9NI% SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC GR\P 9 ,TORNIO & F\ND ONE WORK] COMRADE !RE3 HIS NAME1 TRANSLAT$1 WAS 0,VOICE 9 ! ,WILD]NESS04 ,I GOT TO KN[ SEV]AL O!RS BUT C\LD NOT COMMUNICATE AS !Y SPOKE ONLY ,F9NI% & ,SW$I%4 ,COMRADE 0,VOICE 9 ! ,WILD]NESS0 TOOK ON ! TRANSPORT JOB &1 ?R\< AN 9T]PRET]1 LI/5$ TO MY SUGGE/IONS ) 5?USIASM4 ,HE WAS EXCIT$ AT ! TASK ( \TWITT+ ! G5D>MES & S]VANTS ( ! CZ>4 ,HE HAD ALREADY DREAM$ ( ORGANIZ+ A SPECIAL TELEPHONE L9K ACROSS ! FRONTI] & ( SETT+ UP A SPECIAL LIT]ATURE F]RY ACROSS ! ,TORNIO-IOKI 9 A H]METICALLY-SEAL$ CONTA9]4 ,Y\ FELT ?AT ?IS MAN W\LD DO ! JOB ) GREAT ZEAL4 ,I LEFT ALL ! LIT]ATURE ) HIM AT ! %OP-CUM-FLAT1 ASK+ HIM TO ?9K IT ALL OV] & PREP>E A R\TE BY MID-,OCTOB]4 ,HAV+ F9I%$ 9 ?IS CORN] ( ! C\NTRY1 ,I SET (F ?R\< ! EXTREME NOR? ( ,SW$5 TO ,NORWAY1 TO ! %ORES ( ! ,>CTIC ,OCEAN & ! ISL& T[N ( ,V>DO4 

,JU/ BE=E MY DEP>TURE FROM ,HAP>&A ,I MET A FAMILI> FACE4 ,WE GOT TALK+ & ,I RECALL$ ?AT WE HAD MET BE=E AT ! HOME ( ,N4,D4 ,SOKOLOV1 :O HAD 9TRODUC$ HIM TO ME AS A ,POLI% SOCIAL DEMOCRAT4 ,HIS NAME WAS ,KOZLOVSKY1 A B>RI/]4 ,HE WAS TRAVEL+ TO ,COP5HAG5 & !N BACK TO ,PET]SBURG4 ,I US$ HIM TO TELL ! ,PET]SBURG]S VIA ,N4,D4 ,SOKOLOV ?AT ,I W\LD BE S5D+ LIT]ATURE & ?AT1 = !IR P>T1 !Y %\LD APPLY !MSELVES TO ITS RECEIPT4 ,KOZLOVSKY WAS RELUCTANT TO TALK AB\T HIS [N BUS9ESS1 BUT IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT HIS J\RNEY HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! WORK ( ! ,POLI% SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 

,I TRAVEL$ BACK TO ,BOD5 & !RE *ANG$ TO A TRA9 = ,N>VIK4 ,! RAILWAY NOR?W>DS PASSES ?R\< =E/S & !N DESOLATE PLA9S & AS WE DREW CLOS] TO ! ,NORWEGIAN FRONTI] IT *ANG$ TO HILLY & !N M\NTA9\S C\NTRY4 ,A CONSID]ABLE SECTION ( ! L9E WAS ELECTRIFI$4 ,N>VIK IS BUILT ON ! M\NTA9\S %ORE ( A FJORD1 & ITS 9HABITANTS >E 5GAG$ 9 FI%]IES & %IPP+4 ,!RE WAS A SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAP] & A V]Y /RONG P>TY ORGANIZATION 9 ! T[N4 ,(T5 9 ! NOR? ( ,NORWAY SOCIALI/S 5D$ UP CONTROLL+ LOCAL AU?ORITIES4 ,FROM ,N>VIK A LONG SEA PASSAGE LAY BE=E ME1 FIR/ ON A SMALL /EAM] AS F> ,LOD+5 BUT !N ,I W\LD HAVE TO PICK UP A /EAM] FROM ,B]G5 TO ,KIRK5ES4 ,IT WAS ! BEG9N+ ( ,SEPTEMB] & ! NOR? WAS LOOK+ AUTUMNAL4 ,IT KEPT RA9+4 ,RAGG$ /ORM CL\DS (T5 SWEPT ! SKY & YET ! VOYAGE WAS MO/ 9T]E/+ 9 ! P[]FUL BEAUTY ( ! NOR?1 ALONG ! FANTA/IC TWI/S ( ! FJORDS1 N[ CRU%$ BY ! M\NTA9S HANG+ OV] ! WAT] & N[ REC$+ F> BACK 9 G5TLE SLOPES BEH9D BROAD POOLS ( WAT]4 ,! SMALL /EAM]1 PACK$ ) PASS5G]S & C>GO1 ALSO TOOK ! MAIL4 ,EV]Y SO (T5 IT W\LD PUT 9TO A VILLAGE L&+ /AGE TO BE GREET$ BY ! WAIT+ CR[DS4 ,AT ,LOD+5 ,I *ANG$ TO A RELATIVELY L>GE /EAM] & AS WE PROGRESS$ NOR?W>DS PA/ ,TROMSO & ,HAMM]FE/1 NATURE BECAME MORE />K & (F ! ,NOR? ,CAPE TOOK ON A SEV]E & MAJE/IC ASPECT4 ,NO LONG] WAS ANY =E/ OR GRE5]Y 9 EVID5CE4 ,BLACK & GRAY CLIFFS LOOK$ D[N ON ALL SIDES4 ,A SQUALLY W9D ) LI<T RA9 COMPLET$ ! PICTURE4 ,AFT] SEV]AL DAYS' PASSAGE ?R\< ! FJORDS & ! ,>CTIC ,OCEAN ! /EAM] DOCK$ AT ,V>DO4 

,?IS SMALL T[N IS BUILT ON A LITTLE ISL& ( S& & /ONE & HAS SOME ?REE ?\S& 9HABITANTS OCCUPI$ PR9CIPALLY 9 FI%+4 ,!RE ,I F\ND A SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAP]1 ,F9NM>K5 7! NAME ( ?IS REGION ( ,NORWAY74 ,ONE ( ! P>TY WORK]S1 ,OSMAN ,NORGA>D1 SPOKE ,RUSSIAN & %[$ ME A DUMP ( \R LIT]ATURE LEFT BEH9D 9 #aif & #a#i#g4 ,!RE W]E AB\T T5 ?\S& PAMPHLETS3 AN?OLOGIES ( REVOLUTION>Y SONGS1 PAMPHLETS ON ! TAX QUE/ION1 & ! NEWSPAP] ,POMOR & O!R LEAFLETS = ! ,/ATE ,DUMA ELECTIONS4 

,IT WAS POSSIBLE TO S5D LIT]ATURE & PEOPLE ?IS WAY BUT ! R\TE WAS A LONG ONE3 TO ,>KHANGELSK OR ! ,MURMAN RAILWAY 9 SUMM] BUT 9 W9T] TO ! LATT] ONLY1 OR ELSE BY SKI & RE9DE] OV] ! POL> WA/ES4 ,CROSS+ ! FRONTI] H]E WAS EASY2 ! DIFFICULTIES />T$ FUR!R ON4 ,! R\TE MI<T S]VE AS A 0RES]VE0 9 CASE ( OB/ACLES ON ! ,F9NI%-,SW$I% BORD]4 ,COMRADE ,NORGA>D NEV]!LESS TOOK ON ! TASK ( MAK+ CONTACTS ) ! CREWS ( ,RUSSIAN VESSELS4 ,WE SORT$ ! LIT]ATURE \T1 BUT BECAUSE MANY ( ! PAMPHLETS W]E \T-(-DATE WE DECID$ TO LEAVE !M AT ,V>DO ) COMRADE ,NORGA>D4 

,! MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ POPULATION ( ?IS T[N W]E SOCIALI/S1 & ! FI%]M5'S VOTES AT ELECTIONS W]E CA/ = ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY4 ,!RE WAS ALSO A TRADE UNION1 A LIBR>Y & A C9EMA4 ,! T[N1 AS COMP>$ ) ,RUSSIAN ONES1 WAS WELL EQUIPP$1 & !RE WAS ELECTRIC LI<T+ & MA9 WAT] SUPPLY4 

,EA* DAY 9 ! HOTEL D9+-ROOM ,I W\LD MEET ! ,RUSSIAN CONSUL & ! ,BRITI% CONSUL> REPRES5TATIVE4 ,EV]Y MEET+ W\LD BE ACCOMPANI$ BY AN ACRIMONI\S DISPUTE AB\T ! W>4 ,WELL1 OBVI\SLY1 ! (FICIAL REPRES5TATIVES ?\<T AS !IR GOV]NM5TS WI%$ !M TO & ! ,RUSSIAN (FICIAL WAS DEEPLY %OCK$ BY MY DI/RU/ ( HIS GOV]NM5T3 MY ANTI-PATRIOTISM QUITE LIKELY PROVID$ HIM ) ! TOPIC = A D5UNCIATION4 

,HAV+ F\ND \T ALL ?AT WAS NECESS>Y & MADE >RANGEM5TS ) COMRADE ,NORGA>D1 ,I SET \T ON ! RETURN J\RNEY4 ,9 ,/OCKHOLM ,I PREP>$ = MY J\RNEY TO ,RUSSIA1 & WROTE TO ! =EIGN SECTION ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 COMRADES ,L591 ,Z9OVIEV & ,KRUPSKAYA4 ,I MAPP$ \T A PLAN ( WORK & A PLAN ( COMMUNICATIONS & ME?ODS ( TRANSPORT4 ,! ?REE NEWCOM]S1 ,BUKH>91 ,BOS* & ,PYATAKOV1 UND]TOOK TO MA9TA9 L9KS OV] ! R\TES E/ABLI%$4 ,TO MYSELF FELL ! MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL TASK4 ,AMONG MY JOBS WAS ! =MATION ( AN ALL-,RUSSIAN C5T] ?AT C\LD P]MAN5TLY DIRECT ! WORK !RE2 ,I ALSO HAD TO REGUL>IZE CONTACTS ) ABROAD & LIT]ATURE SUPPLY4 ,AGREEM5T WAS REA*$ ON ALL QUE/IONS ) ,L591 ,Z9OVIEV1 ,KRUPSKAYA1 ,BUKH>91 ,BOS* & ,PYATAKOV4 ,! LONG-AWAIT$ ,KOMMUNI/1 NOS4 #a-#b1 & ?IRTE5 ISSUES ( ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT HAD COME \T BY ! TIME ,I LEFT & ! DELIV]Y ( ?IS LIT]ATURE TO ,RUSSIA W\LD GIVE AN 5ORM\S BOO/ TO ! WORK4 
  

,AN ,ILLEGAL ,J\RNEY 

,9 ! SECOND HALF ( ,OCTOB] #aiae ,I SAID GOODBYE TO MY ,/OCKHOLM FRI5DS & HEAD$ = ,HAP>&A4 ,I HAD S5T SEV]AL POODS ( LIT]ATURE !RE 9 ADVANCE4 ,SW$I% & ,F9NI% COMRADES W]E WAIT+ = ME1 !Y HAD SUCCE$$ 9 E/ABLI%+ COMMUNICATION ) ,HELS9KI & =W>D+ LIT]ATURE !RE FROM ,KEMI 9 P>CELS BY RAIL US+ ! RAILWAYM53 IT W5T DIRECTLY TO ONE ( ! /ATIONS ON ! L9E FROM ,VIIPURI TO ,BELOO/ROV 7,T]IJOKI1 ,I BELIEVE74 ,MY BLUE-EY$ COMRADE1 0,VOICE 9 ! ,WILD]NESS01 WAS TO S5D IT OV] ! FRONTI]4 ,TO MAKE ?+S EASI] HE HAD GOT ON FRI5DLY T]MS ) ! FRONTI] G5D>MES4 ,MY COMRADES HAD DEVIS$ A PLAN TO GET ME ACROSS1 & ONE EV5+ WE W5T TO TRY IT \T4 

,HAP>&A & ,TORNIO >E SEP>AT$ BY ! FRONTI]1 ! RIV]4 ,A PREC>I\S WOOD5 BRIDGE SOME #ce SAZH5S LONG HAD BE5 BUILT ACROSS ONE >M ( ! ,TORNIO RIV]4 ,9 ! MIDDLE ( IT WAS A TOLL-BOO?3 ! BRIDGE WAS OP5 FROM EI<T 9 ! MORN+ TO EI<T AT NI<T4 

,A S5TRY /OOD AT ! ,SW$I% 5D ( ! BRIDGE :ILE AT ! ,RUSSIAN 5D1 SOME EI<TY PACES AWAY1 !RE WAS A F5CE & A GU>D-PO/ BY A WICKET GATE2 TO ! LEFT W]E SOME ,F9NI% F>M BUILD+S4 ,MY COMRADES' PLAN CONSI/$ 9 MY CROSS+ ! BRIDGE ACCOMPANI$ BY 0,VOICE 9 ! ,WILD]NESS02 :5 WE HAD PASS$ OV] ! WAT]1 WE W\LD USE ! D>KNESS TO JUMP (F & RUN OR HIDE UND] ! BRIDGE4 ,! PLAN WAS RISKY & WE DECID$ TO CONDUCT A REHE>SAL4 ,WE SET \T ON \R WAY 9 ! EV5+1 A FEW M9UTES BE=E ! FRONTI] CLOS$4 ,WE HAD B>ELY />T$ TO APPROA* ! ,RUSSIAN SIDE :5 ! G5D>MES1 HE>+ ! CREAK+ ( \R /EPS1 MADE = ! GATE & SCANN$ ! BRIDGE4 ,!RE WAS NO?+ TO DO BUT TURN BACK1 AS IT W\LD HAVE BE5 UNWISE TO JUMP D[N BE=E !IR V]Y EYES4 ,WE TRI$ ?IS ?REE TIMES OV]1 WA/+ ?REE EV5+S )\T SUCCESS4 ,MY FRI5DS W]E DEMORALIZ$4 ,!Y HAD NOT ANTICIPAT$ SU* VIGILANCE FROM ! ,RUSSIAN G5D>MES1 & />T$ TO SEEK NEW R\TES ?R\< ! \TLY+ >EAS4 

,I TOOK A ROOM AT ! ,GR& ,HOTEL ON ! V]Y TOP FLOOR FROM :OSE W9D[ ! BRIDGE & P>T ( ! T[N ( ,TORNIO ON ! F> BANK W]E VISIBLE4 ,SITT+ MANY H\RS AT ! W9D[ ,I C\LD /UDY ! TRACKS & ! RIV]-BANK ) ITS ODD HUTS & BUILD+S4 ,I BEGAN TO PREP>E A PLAN4 ,IT W\LD BE AID$ BY ! ONSET ( W9T] WEA!R1 :5 ! FIELDS BECAME COV]$ ) SN[ & ! RIV] ) ?9 ICE4 ,CONT9U+ SN[FALLS & FRO/ W\LD BE NECESS>Y = ITS SUCCESS4 ,! LATT] WAS NOT LONG 9 COM+ BUT ! SN[ /OPP$1 ! SKY CLE>$ & A HUGE MOON COMM&$ ! SC5E1 LI<T+ ! SN[-SPR9KL$ TREES1 FIELDS & RO(TOPS ) SILV]1 

,! MOONLI<T WAS A NUISANCE3 BUT ,I C\LD NOT WAIT ANY LONG] AS !RE W]E SECRET POLICE & SPIES FROM ALL C\NTRIES 9 ,HAP>&A4 ,I ACQUA9T$ COMRADE 0,VOICE 9 ! ,WILD]NESS0 ) MY PLAN & PROPOS$ ?AT HE WAIT = ME ?AT EV5+ FROM EI<T O'CLOCK ONW>DS B5EA? A R$ B>N NOT F> FROM ! GU>D-PO/4 ,! B>N /OOD ON HI< /ONES SO ?AT Y\ C\LD NOT ONLY LIE BUT EV5 SIT UND] IT4 ,! H& BAGGAGE & LIT]ATURE HAD ALL BE5 F]RI$ OV] TO ,TORNIO BY ! 9DEFATIGABLE 0,VOICE 9 ! ,WILD]NESS01 & HE HAD ALSO >RANG$ LODG+S = ME !RE4 

,I SET \T = ! BRIDGE JU/ BE=E EI<T1 GOT PA/ ! ,SW$I% S5TRY1 :O WAS LOOK+ ASIDE 9DIFF]5TLY1 & APPROA*$ ! BOO? ?AT /OOD 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! BRIDGE4 ,! TOLL-COLLECTOR WAS 9SIDE IT4 ,UND] COV] ( ! BOO? ,I GOT D[N UND] ! BRIDGE V]Y QUIETLY4 ,! ICE WAS V]Y WEAK & ,I HAD TO CL+ TO ! FRAMEWORK ?AT SUPPORT$ ! SPANS4 ,! MOON %ONE G5]\SLY1 & ,I HAD TO SEEK %ELT] 9 ! %AD[S ( SOME HI< /RUTS4 ,I TOOK A %>P LOOK >\ND & WAIT$ = ! FRONTI] TO CLOSE4 ,! OCCASIONAL /EPS ( A P$E/RIAN S\ND$ ABOVE ME4 ,AT LONG LA/ EV]Y?+ BECAME QUIET4 ,A SMALL R$ LI<T WAS LIT AT ! GATE ON ! ,RUSSIAN SIDE4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT ! FRONTI] HAD BE5 CLOS$4 ,I ATTEMPT$ TO MOVE =W>D CAUTI\SLY ALONG ! D>K SIDE4 ,BUT ! ICE WAS /ILL SO WEAK ?AT AS SOON AS ,I LET GO ( ! FRAMEWORK IT />T$ TO CRACK TREA*]\SLY4 ,I LOCAT$ A SLI<TLY SMOO!R PAT*1 PU%$ MYSELF (F FROM ! /RUT ) ALL MY MI<T1 SLID AS IF ON SKATES TO ! NEXT ONE & PAUS$ MOM5T>ILY4 ,MY HE>+ GREW %>P] & MY EYESI<T MORE ACUTE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN BANK WAS NE>BY4 ,! SLI<TE/ UNUSUAL S\ND & MY 5T]PRISE W\LD BE DOOM$4 ,I C\LD SEE A G5D>ME WALK+ BEYOND ! F5CE TO PUT \T ! ELECTRIC LI<T AT ! HUT 5TRANCE & !N GO 9 HIMSELF4 ,!RE !Y W]E1 ! :OLE LOT ( !M2 SITT+ 9 ! GU>D-PO/ & N[ & AGA9 GLANC+ \T ( ! W9D[ AT ! MOONLIT SURR\ND+S4 ,ANO!R SKATE1 & SO ON RI<T TO ! BANK4 ,IT WAS QUIET 9 ! VILLAGE2 ONLY ! DOGS W]E B>K+ ON EI!R SIDE ( ! BORD]4 ,! MOON ROSE HI<1 COMPLETELY REMOV+ ALL ! %AD[S4 ,! BRIDGE BEGAN TO CURVE D[N TO ! GR\ND1 SO ,I C\LD NOT WALK BUT />T$ CRAWL+4 ,F9ALLY A HUNDR$ PACES AWAY W]E ! G5D>MES & FUR!R (F TO ! LEFT WAS ! LITTLE R$ B>N ON ITS /ONE SUPPORTS4 ,LY+ D[N1 ,I TRI$ TO SPOT ! 5EMIES BUT FAIL$1 SO ,I MADE A DA% T[>DS ! OLD B>N4 ,!RE 0,VOICE 9 ! ,WILD]NESS0 MET ME1 JOYFULLY %AK+ MY H& & !N TAK+ ME TO ! T[N4 ,WE CUT ?R\< ! BACK Y>DS TO ! MA9 /REET4 ,ALL >\ND IT WAS DES]T$ & FRO/Y4 ,WE F\ND ! H\SE :]E A COMRADE1 A ,F9NI% SOCIAL DEMOCRAT :O WORK$ 9 ! TAILOR+ TRADE1 LIV$4 ,! FAMILY WAS A BIG ONE BUT ! H\SE WAS ORD]LY4 ,WE W]E WELCOM$ MO/ CORDIALLY1 BUT ! L&LORD & L&LADY DID NOT SPEAK ,RUSSIAN1 SO !RE WAS TIME = REFLECTION4 

,! FIR/ /EP HAD BE5 SUCCESSFUL4 ,:AT LAY AHEAD8 ,MY 0,VOICE 9 ! ,WILD]NESS0 WAS *E]FUL1 & CONFID5T ( A HAPPY \TCOME4 ,?AT SAME DAY HE HAD BE5 TO ,KEMI4 ,!RE TOO W]E COMRADES :O W]E TAK+ AN ACTIVE P>T 9 GETT+ ME ?R\<4 ,!Y HAD A FLAT READY & HAD PLANN$ \T MY J\RNEY- ,BY EV5+ ! NEXT DAY ,I HAD BE5 DRESS$ 9 A WORK]'S SUIT1 MY POCKETS CRAMM$ ) APPLES1 GIV5 A LOCAL PASSPORT & ESCORT$ BY TWO COMRADES TO ! /ATION4 ,MY ]/:ILE HO/S WI%$ ME EV]Y SUCCESS4 ,WE CROSS$ ! RIV] BY F]RY1 & AT ! /ATION WE F\ND A MIX$ TRA9 GO+ AS F> AS ,\LU4 ,A G5D>ME EXAM9$ ! PASSPORT1 & ! TRA9 SET \T SL[LY ON ITS WAY4 ,?REE OR F\R H\RS LAT] WE W]E 9 ,KEMI4 ,!RE WE W]E MET1 BUT CAUTION L$ ONE ( !M TO TAKE ME BY R\NDAB\T R\TES TO MY RE/+ PLACE4 ,SOLDI]S W]E /ATION$ 9 ! T[N1 & !RE W]E SECRET AG5TS & C\NT]-9TELLIG5CE AT ! /ATION4 ,WE F\ND \R WAY TO ! FLAT & !RE ,I WAS GIV5 A SEP>ATE ROOM4 ,! HO/S W]E V]Y SORRY NOT TO KN[ =EIGN LANGUAGES BECAUSE !N !Y C\LD HAVE *ATT$ TO ME4 ,! ATTITUDE ( !M ALL WAS T\*+ & COMRADELY4 

,FROM ,KEMI TO ,\LU ! J\RNEY WAS ! RESPONSIBILITY ( AN ORGANIZ] ( LOCAL SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC WORK4 ,! C\RAGE\S1 FRANK NATURE ( ?IS COMRADE WON ME OV]4 ,H]E ,I NO LONG] HAD ANY D\BTS BUT FELT SURE ?AT ,I W\LD >RIVE SAFELY4 ,! FOLL[+ DAY WE W]E ON \R WAY4 ,)\T TRAVEL+ RI<T 9TO ,\LU1 :]E !RE WAS A -G5D>ME *ECK1 WE JUMP$ (F & WALK$ SOME SIX V]/S ALONG =E/ PA?S & ! MA9 ROAD 9TO ! CITY4 ,WE CROSS$ A BRIDGE OV] A TORR5T & REA*$ ! (FICES ( ! ,\LU SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC DAILY PAP]4 ,9 ! $ITORIAL ROOM ,I WAS WELCOM$ BY ! ORGAN'S *IEF $ITOR1 ! DEPUTY = ?IS CON/ITU5CY1 & O!RS4 ,I WAS (F]$ A ROOM BY COMRADE ,USKILA1 ! DEPUTY $ITOR4 ,?AT SAME EV5+ WE W5T \T 9 A SMALL COMRADELY COMPANY TO A RE/AURANT & TOOK A PRIVATE ROOM1 :]E MY AIDES = ! J\RNEY & MY ,\LU FRI5DS DRANK A TOA/ TO MY HAPPY J\RNEY & ,I MADE A BRIEF REPORT ON ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS ABROAD & ! DIFF]5T VIEWPO9TS ON ! W>4 ,! COMRADES W]E 9 AGREEM5T ) ME ON EV]Y?+1 BUT W>N$ ?AT ! P>LIAM5T>Y MAJORITY & ! MAJORITY ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE MEMB]S ( ,F9NI% SOCIAL DEMOCRACY T5D$ T[>DS OPPORTUNISM1 :ILE ! PETTY-B\RGEOIS & 9TELLECTUAL CIRCLES W]E 9FECT$ ) ,G]MANOPHILIA4 

,MANY ?\S&S ( ,F9NS & ,SW$ES HAD GONE TO ,G]MANY TO FI<T ON ! EA/]N FRONTI]S = ! 0LIB]ATION0 ( ,F9L&4 ,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY HAD TO EX]T EF=TS TO C\NT] ,G]MANOPHILIA & SO-CALL$ 0ACTIVISM01 I4E4 COOP]ATION ) ! ,G]MAN ,G5]AL ,/AFF AGA9/ ,RUSSIA4 ,! SITUATION WAS COMPLICAT$ BY ! 9CREASE 9 REACTION>Y PRESSURE FROM ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T4 ,SEV]AL WEEKS BE=E MY >RIVAL !RE W]E >RE/S & RAIDS ?R\<\T ,F9L&1 MA9LY 9 CONNECTION ) ! ACTIVI/S1 :O HAD SET UP A FAIRLY /ABLE ORGANIZATION4 ,!Y HAD SPECIAL ESCAPE R\TES = ,G]MAN PRISON]S-(-W> & AN ESPIONAGE NETWORK 9 ! ,RUSSIAN >MY4 ,! ,F9NI% ACTIVI/S RECEIV$ L>GE /OCKS ( >MS & SUPPLIES = !IR MEMB]S1 ,CONDUCT+ AGITATION = AN >M$ ASSAULT ON ,RUSSIAN B>RACKS1 =TIFICATIONS1 DUMPS1 ETC4 ,?IS AGITATION1 H[EV]1 MET OPPOSITION FROM ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & DID NOT F9D ADVOCATES 9 ! MASS ( WORK]S OR AMONG ! TORPP>I1 & 9/ANCES ( >M$ ATTACKS W]E ISOLAT$4 

,FROM ,\LU TO ,HELS9KI TWO PEOPLE UND]TOOK TO ESCORT ME3 MY TRAVEL+ COMPANION FROM ,KEMI1 COMRADE ,ADAM ,LJAKON51 & COMRADE ,USKILA1 

,:ILE !Y W]E PREP>+ ! J\RNEY & SORT+ \T ! =MALITIES1 ,I SP5T TWO M>VEL\S DAYS AMONG K9D W>MHE>T$ COMRADES1 LOOK$ R\ND ! CITY & TRI$ TO ADJU/ MYSELF TO FUTURE ILLEGAL LIFE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,I CAME TO AN >RANGEM5T ) ! PEOPLE 9 ,\LU AB\T TRANSPORT ( LIT]ATURE & ! F]RY+ ( PEOPLE & 9=MATION4 ,!Y AGRE$ TO HELP4 ,EV]Y?+ WAS AT LA/ READY & WE SET (F4 ,AT ! /ATION !Y PO9T$ \T BY AN AGRE$ SIGN ALL ! ,RUSSIAN SPIES & PLA9CLO!S G5D>MES4 ,MY PHYSIOGNOMY DID NOT >\SE CURIOSITY1 & ,I GOT 9TO ! C>RIAGE UNNOTIC$ BY ANYONE4 ,COMRADE ,USKILA SPOKE ,G]MAN1 SO WE C\LD COMMUNICATE ) EA* O!R4 ,! ?REE ( US OCCUPI$ A COMP>TM5T & WE REA*$ ,HELS9KI 9 EV]Y COM=T & )\T ANY SPECIAL AL>MS4 

,! COMRADES /OPP$ AT A HOTEL BUT LODG$ ME AT ! ,PEOPLE'S ,H\SE1 ! BUILD+ ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F9NI% ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY1 9 A ROOM BELONG+ TO ! ,SW$I% SECTION ( ,F9NI% SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,H]E ,I MADE ! ACQUA9TANCE ( SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE & ALSO SOME TRADE UNIONI/S4 ,I LOOK$ UP ! DEPUTY1 ,P]S951 :OM ,I HAD GOT TO KN[ 9 ,B]L91 & COMRADE ,ROVIO1 A ,F9NI% METALWORK] :O WAS V]Y FAMILI> ) ,PET]SBURG P>TY WORK]S4 ,) HIS ASSI/ANCE ,I F\ND A ,RUSSIAN WORK] :O = SOME MONEY SURR5D]$ HIS PASSPORT1 :I* W\LD BE NECESS>Y = ME TO CROSS ?R\< ,BELOO/ROV1 & ,I ALSO GOT TO KN[ ! CITY & ITS P>TY ORGANIZATION4 

,MY CON/ANT COMPANION & GU>DIAN ?R\<\T ,HELS9KI WAS COMRADE ,WIIK1 A SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC DEPUTY 9 ! ,SEJM1 ! $ITOR ( A ,SW$I%-LANGUAGE SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAP] & KEEP] ( ! P>TY >*IVES4 ,) HIM ,I W5T R\ND ALL ! ,HELS9KI CO-OP]ATIVES1 ! HUGE DAIRIES & BAK]IES :OSE EQUIPM5T WAS ! LA/ WORD 9 TE*NOLOGY4 ,! ,PEOPLE'S ,H\SE WAS ! PRIDE ( ! ,HELS9KI ORGANIZATIONS & 9 FACT W\LD HAVE DONE CR$IT TO ANY ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN CAPITAL4 ,! WORK]S' MOVEM5T 9 ,F9L& WAS CLAMP$ D[N 9 A MILIT>Y VICE4 ,TROOPS W]E DEPLOY$ ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 ?\< IT WAS *IEFLY SAILORS :O W]E PO/$ 9 ,HELS9KI4 ,REVOLUTION>Y WORK AMONG !M WAS CONDUCT$ :OLLY BY ,RUSSIAN ORGANIZATIONS1 = IGNORANCE ( ! LANGUAGE & FE> ( PROVOCATIONS PREV5T$ ! ,F9NI% SOCIAL DEMOCRATS FROM C>RY+ \T PROPAG&A AMONG ,RUSSIAN SOLDI]S4 

,IT WAS ODD TO SEE A CITY ) SU* WORK+-CLASS AM5ITIES ONLY A FEW H\RS' TRAVEL+ TIME FROM ! CAPITAL ( ! CZ>I/ BA%I-BAZ\KS4 ,REACTION'S HATR$ = ?IS LITTLE C\NTRY1 DOGG$LY DEF5D+ ITS 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! CZ>I/ AU?ORITIES1 WAS QUITE UND]/&ABLE4 ,H[EV]1 AS ! SITUATION DEVELOP$1 IT BECAME H>D] = ,F9L& TO MA9TA9 ITS FRE$OM & ! FATE ( ?AT C\NTRY WAS TI$ 9EVITABLY TO ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 \R C\NTRY4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL DEMOCRATS ( ,F9L& W]E ALREADY ATTEMPT+ TO APPROA* !IR POLICY FROM ?IS ANGLE1 BUT ?+S DID NOT YET GO BEYOND ! S]VICES R5D]$ 9 TRANSPORT & F]RY+ PEOPLE OV] ! FRONTI]4 

,BE=E MY DEP>TURE ,I MADE >RANGEM5TS ) COMRADE ,WIIK = ! DISPAT* ( LIT]ATURE & EX*ANG$ CODES & ADDRESSES4 

,FOOTNOTE 

#a4 ,9 #aiag ,L>9 JO9$ ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY & BECAME ONE ( ITS *IEF SPOKESM5 ON ECONOMIC AFFAIRS4 - ,$4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #e1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

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