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,! ,BEG9N+ ( ! ,5D 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,%LIAPNIKOV 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,C,Z,>,I,/ GOV]NM5T'S CONTEMPT = LIB]AL EXHORTATIONS & PLEAS = RE=M REA*$ ITS PEAK 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#i#a#f4 ,BY ITS ACTIONS1 ! GOV]NM5T GAVE ! OPPOSITION SOME GOOD TRUMP C>DS1 BUT :5 IT CAME TO OP5 & RESOLUTE /RUGGLE1 EV5 IF ONLY )9 ! CONF9ES ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 ! DISGRUNTL$ B\RGEOISIE PROV$ TO BE SO C[>DLY ?AT IT W\LD GRANT ANY CONCESSIONS4 ,FE> 9 ! FACE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' MOVEM5T WAS /RONG] ?AN ANY LOGIC4 

,! IRRECONCILABILITY ( ! GOV]NM5T & ITS ABSOLUTE 9ABILITY TO TACKLE ! ECONOMIC BREAKD[N OR EM]GE VICTORI\S FROM ! MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS1 UND]M9$ ! PRE/IGE ( ! AU?ORITIES 9 ! EYES ( EV5 ! WIDE/ CIRCLES ( PHILI/9ES4 ,LEFT-W+ LIB]AL CIRCLES W]E =C$ TO TAKE AN ILLEGAL L9E ( WORK SO AS TO RETA9 ! SUPPORT ( PETTY-B\RGEOIS LAY]S :I* W]E PATRIOTICALLY & OPPOSITIONALLY 9CL9$4 

,! DOCUM5TS & PROCLAMATIONS PR9T$ BEL[ W]E REPRODUC$ FROM ! RES\RCES ( ! E/ABLI%M5TS :]E !Y HAPP5$ TO BE RECEIV$4 ,9 ! PLANTS IT WAS DONE BY ! ,HOSPITAL ,FUNDS &1 LESS (T51 9 ! (FICE4 ,9 ! PLANTS !Y W]E PASS$ R\ND FROM H& TO H& TILL !Y W]E 9 TATT]S4 ,5?USIA/IC AMATEURS EXI/$ :O W\LD COPY \T :OLE PAMPHLETS BY H&4 

,AFT] ! DISSOLUTION ( ! CONGRESSES ( B\RGEOIS PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS1 C]TA9 RADICAL CIRCLES ( ! ,PET]SBURG B\RGEOIS ALSO TOOK ! PA? ( ILLEGAL ACTIVITY4 ,SETBACKS AT ! FRONT1 T]RITORIAL LOSSES & ! GR[? ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOOD 9 ! >MY & FACTORIES =C$ EV5 ! TORPID ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE TO RISE 9 OP5 OPPOSITION TO ! PR$ATORY RULE ( ! CZ>'S CAM>ILLA4 ,IT ?REAT5$ AN ASSAULT1 BUT ONLY = ! SAKE ( ! W> & TO SMA% !IR COMPETITOR1 ! ,G]MAN M]*ANT4 ,AT ! 5D ( ,DECEMB] A SPECIAL LEAFLET WAS CIRCULAT$ >\ND ,PET]SBURG :I* CAME \T ( ! ,MEET+ ( ,REPRES5TATIVES ( ,PUBLIC ,ORGANIZATIONS HELD 9 ,MOSC[ ON #aa ,DECEMB]4 ,ONE ( SEV]AL1 ?IS LEAFLET WAS ADDRESS$ EXCLUSIVELY TO WORK]S4 ,9 IT ! B\RGEOIS ORGANIZATIONS SPREAD ! TALE !N CURR5T ?AT AGITATION AGA9/ ! W> WAS CONDUCT$ BY 0,G]MAN SPIES01 HANG]S-ON ( ! CZ> & O!R SU* ELEM5TS4 ,! PROCLAMATION REPRES5T$ A MODEL ( ! DECEPTION ) :I* ! B\RGEOISIE S\<T TO 5TW9E ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE & !REBY DRIVE !M TO ! SLAU<T]3 

,TO ,WORK]S 

,Y\ >E ! ONES :O /& AT ! B5*ES4 ,Y\ >E ! ONES :O 9 /IFL+ WORK%OPS =GE ! %ELLS1 \R MEANS TO VICTORY4 ,WORK]S1 WE >E ADDRESS+ Y\4 ,AT A MOM5T ( EXCEPTIONAL EXT]NAL /RUGGLE1 ,RUSSIA IS ALSO UND]GO+ AN ACUTE DOME/IC CRISIS4 ,A WOR?LESS GOV]NM5T1 COMPOS$ ( & HEAD$ BY ?OSE SAME PROTEGES ( ! OLD REGIME :O >E 5GAG$ NOT 9 A W> ) ! 5EMY BUT A /RUGGLE AGA9/ PUBLIC & WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 HAS BR\<T TO ! GREATE/ /ATE 9 ! WORLD DISLOCATION ( ALL ITS LIV+ ORGANS4 ,! PROBLEMS 9 ! SPH]E ( FE$+ & SUPPLY+ ! POPULATION1 :I* >E CONNECT$ ) ! W> & 9EVITABLE :ILE ITS LA/S1 HAVE BE5 COMP\ND$ BY ! 9COMPET5T & POSSIBLY DELIB]ATE ACTIONS ( ! GOV]NM5T 9TO A SC5E ( 9CONCEIVABLE BREAKD[N1 PR(ITE]+ & PILLAGE4 ,& !N1 C]TA9 LEAD+ FIGURES ( ! WORK+ MASSES />T TELL+ US ?AT ALL ?IS MESS :I* BESETS \R LIVES IS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! W> & ?AT !RE=E ! W> MU/ BE 5D$4 ,!Y FUR!R ADD ?AT ! W> IS BE+ WAG$ BY ! GOV]NM5T & NOT ! PEOPLE & ?AT ! W> MU/ BE 5D$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! 9T]NATIONAL COMMUNITY ( MAN4 

,WORK]S6 ,FI<T !SE EXHORTATIONS BY EV]Y MEANS1 OP5 ! EYES ( O!RS1 CRY \T UNTIL Y\ >E HO>SE ?AT ! W> MU/ BE PROSECUT$ AT ALL CO/S NOT SO MU* 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY ALL ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE BUT TO SMA% ITS MILIT>ISM :I* LIES ) OPPRESSIVE WEI<T UPON ! DEMOCRATIC CLASSES ( ,EUROPE2 CRY \T ?AT ! W> MU/ BE CONT9U$ TO SMA% ! ,G]MAN HE>? ( REACTION1 ?AT SAME REACTION ?AT IS SUPPORT$ 9 ,RUSSIA BY ! ACCURS$ AUTOCRACY :I* TORM5TS ! C\NTRY4 ,REALIZE ?AT VICTORY OV] ,G]MANY REPRES5TS ! DEF9ITIVE VICTORY OV] ! ,RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY4 ,REALIZE ?AT \R GOV]NM5T IS LY+ :5 IT SAYS ?AT IT WI%ES TO DEFEAT ,G]MANY TOGE!R ) ! PEOPLE4 ,IT IS LY+ BECAUSE ,G]MANY ALWAYS HAS & WILL SUPPORT ! VILE/ REACTION 9 ,RUSSIA = ITS [N 9T]E/S4 

,& SO = ! W>1 = ITS SLOGANS ( LIB]ATION :I* CAN BE REALIZ$ ONLY ) COMPLETE VICTORY OV] ,G]MANY1 WE HAVE ! ,FR5* ,REPUBLIC1 N[ /REAM+ ) BLOOD1 RU9$ ,BELGIUM1 FRE$OM-LOV+ ,BRITA9 & ! ADVANC$ SECTION ( ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY2 AGA9/ ! W> >E ,G]MANY & ! SECRET YE>N+S ( \R RUL+ /RATA1 ! TRUE 5EMIES ( \R ,RUSSIAN LIB]TY4 ,9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF ! BE/ =CES ( ! ,RUSSIAN 9TELLIG5TSIA1 ! MO/ EM95T MEMB]S ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 ALL ,RUSSIA'S ZEM/VOS & T[NS1 ALL ! PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS1 ! PILL>S ( ! ,RUSSIAN LIB]ATION MOVEM5T1 ,PLEKHANOV1 ,BURTSEV & ,KROPOTK91 >E ALL = CONT9UANCE ( ! W>2 AGA9/ ! W> >E ! TOADY+ OBSCURANTI/S ( ! AUTOCRATIC REGIME4 

,SO1 H[EV] CAN Y\ WORK]S AT SU* A MOM5T & ) SU* A L9EUP ( =CES1 AGA9 PUT =W>D ! DEM& 0,D[N ) ! W>0 & ?US UNWITT+LY PLAY 9TO ! H&S ( ! AUTOCRATIC SY/EM8 ,NO1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ANYONE )9 :OM !RE BEATS A ,RUSSIAN HE>T & :OSE S\L GRIEVES & MORTALLY LONGS BESIDE ! MO!RL& OR ANYONE :O HAS COMPREH5D$ ! EXCEPTIONAL GRAVITY ( ! PRES5T MOM5T WILL NOT M>* BEH9D ! BANN] :I* WAS RAIS$ 9 ,MOSC[ BY ! F9E/ SONS ( ,RUSSIA4 

,W> TO ! 5D REG>DLESS ( FUR!R SACRIFICES4 

,BUT EV]Y HUMAN LIFE IS IMMEASURABLY DE> TO US TO AVOID MORE MILLIONS ( SACRIFICES BE+ MADE 9 VA9 & SO ?AT \R >MY IS NEV] AGA9 LEFT )\T %ELLS1 IT IS WRITT5 ON \R BANN]3 

,D[N ) ! CRIM9AL GOV]NM5T1 D[N ) ! PROTEGES ( AUTOCRACY6 

,& SO ?AT ! W> BR+S US TRULY TO VICTORY & ! W> TAKES AS FEW AS POSSIBLE VICTIMS FROM US1 & TO ALLEVIATE AS F> AS IS /ILL POSSIBLE \R FATAL DOME/IC MESS TO :I* ! GOV]NM5T HAS BR\<T \R C\NTRY1 IT IS WRITT5 ON \R BANN]3 

,LONG LIVE A M9I/RY =M$ FROM ! F9E/ PUBLIC FIGURES & ACC\NTABLE TO ! PEOPLE6 

,WORK]S6 ,MOSC[ IS ,RUSSIA'S HE>T4 ,LET US RALLY \R RANKS >\ND H] BANN] & LET US REMEMB] ?AT 9 \R ALLIANCE LIES WOE = ,G]MANY & WOE = \R GOV]NM5T1 & N[3 

,LONG LIVE ! >MY1 ! PROTECTRESS ( ,RUSSIA4 

,LONG LIVE GREAT & FREE ,RUSSIA4 

,A GR\P ( UNIT$ CITIZ5S ( ,PETROGRAD4 

,>RANGE WIDE/ DI/RIBUTION4 

,\R ADV]S>IES W]E HOP+ TO LURE WORK]S OV] TO !IR SIDE ) SU* SLOGANS4 ,H[EV]1 TWO & A HALF YE>S ( W> & ! BEHAVIOR ( ALL ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES HAD TAU<T ,PET]SBURG WORK]S A GREAT DEAL4 ,!Y DID NOT TRU/ ! ALLUSIONS TO !IR ]/:ILE M5TORS4 ,PLEKHANOV1 ,KROPOTK9 & O!RS :O HAD LATT]LY TAK5 ! PA? ( AID+ ! B\RGEOISIE & W]E LAUD$ BY !M = IT1 W]E DULY REG>D$ AS HAV+ DES]T$ ! WORK]S3 ?AT WAS H[ ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT SAW IT & ?AT 9DE$ WAS H[ IT WAS4 

,?IS PH5OM5ON WAS TYPICAL NOT ONLY ( ,PET]SBURG BUT ( MANY O!R ,RUSSIAN CITIES TOO4 ,AS ,I T\R$ SEV]AL LOCALITIES1 ,MOSC[1 ,NIZHNI-,NOVGOROD & ELSE:]E1 ,I 5C\NT]$ ! SAME PICTURE4 ,COMRADES >RIV+ FROM O!R PLACES REPORT$ ! SAME ?+4 ,ILLEGAL LEAFLETS & PROCLAMATIONS W]E NO LONG] %UNN$ BUT S\<T1 ASK$ = & READ ) 9T]E/ & TRU/4 ,HATR$ ( ! GOV]NM5T HAD PLUMB$ ! V]Y DEP?S ( SOCIETY & ?IS T]RIFI$ ! B\RGEOIS LIB]AL TOP DOGS4 ,! GOV]NM5T S5S$ ?IS & PREP>$ = /RUGGLE1 >M+ ! POLICE & TRA9+ !M 9 MA*9E-GUNN]Y1 >TILL]Y & SO ON4 ,BUT ! 9T]E/S ( ! RUL+ CLASSES W]E DIVID$ & EV5 AMONG ! BIGWIGS SURR\ND+ ! CZ>'S ?RONE !RE WAS NO UNITY ( VIEWS4 ,RASPUT9'S MURD] L$ TO ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! C\RT & ! BREAKUP ( ! REIGN+ CAM>ILLA4 ,! D[NFALL ( ! MON>*Y WAS N[ 9EVITABLE & CLOSE AT H&4 
  

,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU'S ,L9KS ) ! ,PROV9CES 

,ON ?IS VISIT TO ,RUSSIA ,I MANAG$ TO E/ABLI% RELATIVELY CLOSE CONTACT ) ! PROV9CIAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!RE WAS REGUL> COMMUNICATION ) ,MOSC[1 ,NIZHNI-,NOVGOROD1 ,KIEV1 ,TULA1 ,VORONEZH1 ! ,DONETS ,BAS9 & C]TA9 PLANTS 9 ! ,URALS & ,SIB]IA4 

,WORK 9 ,MOSC[ WAS PROGRESS+ CONSID]ABLY BETT] ?IS TIME4 ,/UD5T Y\? WAS BEG9N+ TO /IR1 & 9 WORK+-CLASS DI/RICTS WORK WAS PROCE$+ WELL4 ,! ORGANIZATION WAS RUN BY ,V4,P4 ,NOG91 ,P4,G4 ,SMIDOVI*1 ,I4,I4 ,SKVORTSEV & O!RS4 ,?R\< ,M4,G4 ,PAVLOVA ,I CAME TO KN[ ,R4,V4 ,MO/OV5KO1 :OSE FLAT ,I P]SONALLY AVAIL$ MYSELF ( = LODG+ & RE/4 ,?+S W]E NOT GO+ TOO BADLY 9 ,NIZHNI EI!R4 ,! ,SORMOVO ORGANIZATION HAD GR[N /RONG] & EV5 S5T A C]TA9 PROPORTION ( DUES COLLECT$ AS A CONTRIBUTION T[>DS ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,BESIDES \R ORGANIZATION AMONG REFUGEES1 ! ,BUND WAS ALSO ACTIVE !RE1 AS WAS AN ORGANIZATION ( ! LEFT T5D5CY ( ! ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,9 ,DECEMB] #aiaf ! LA/-M5TION$ GR\P SUCCE$$ 9 PUBLI%+ A PR9T$ LEAFLET DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! 0H]$IT>Y BLOOD-SUCK]S0 ( ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T ) ITS L&LORDS & CAPITALI/S4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION'S SLOGAN WAS 0D[N ) ! W>01 C\PL$ ) A CALL = AN >M$ UPRIS+4 

,I MANAG$ TO OBTA9 A NUMB] ( REPORTS ON ! WORK]S' SITUATION & ! /ATE ( \R P>TY'S WORK 9 ! ,DONETS ,BAS9 :I* PROVID$ ! FOLL[+ PICTURE4 

,FROM ! V]Y />T ( ! W> ALL ! ORE-M9]S W]E EXEMPT$4 ,NONE ( ! MOBILIZATIONS AFFECT$ !M4 ,?IS CIRCUM/ANCE HAD AN 5ORM\S EFFECT ON ! C\RSE ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T 9 ! ,DONETS ,BAS94 ,IT APPE>$ ?AT ALL ?AT HALF-/>V+ MASS WAS SO /ULTIFI$ ) PATRIOTIC FEEL+ ?AT IT DID NOT SO MU* AS NOTICE :AT WAS BE+ DONE ALL >\ND OR RA!R :AT WAS BE+ DONE TO IT4 

,BUT ! CAPITALI/ JO9T-/OCK COMPANIES TOOK ADVANTAGE AS NEV] BE=E ( ?IS CONV5I5T MOM5T1 & AS WORK]S SANG PATRIOTIC SONGS1 ! WORK+ DAY WAS L5G!N$ 9 ALL 5T]PRISES 7! 0/9T07 & WORK]S W]E =C$ TO WORK OV]TIME4 ,! MANAGEM5TS ( ! M9ES 9CESSANTLY F9$ WORK]S = ! SLI<TE/ MANIFE/ATION ( PROTE/ AGA9/ R\< TREATM5T1 ) ! RESULT ?AT ONLY A FEW WRET*$ COPP]S W\LD REMA9 \T ( !IR MEAG] E>N+S4 ,= ALL !IR H>% CONDITIONS ! WORK]S %[$ NO SIGN ( PROTE/ DUR+ ! FIR/ YE> ( ! W>2 !IR AW>5ESS SEEM$ TO HAVE BE5 DRUGG$1 & BECAME NO CLE>]4 ,A WAVE ( *AUV9ISM TOOK HOLD ( A CONSID]ABLE SECTION ( ?OSE WORK]S1 :O TOOK COLLECTIONS = DEF5SE & 9 AID ( W> VICTIMS1 REFUGEES & SO =?4 

,EV]-RIS+ PRICES =C$ WORK]S TO />T GIV+ ?\<T TO !IR [N SITUATION4 ,TO ! RESCUE CAME !IR FRI5DS1 ! 9TELLECTUALS :O1 FROM AS F> BACK AS #aie & #aif 5JOY$ GREAT PRE/IGE AMONG ! MASSES4 ,PROP\ND+ ! IDEA ( DEF5SE1 !Y CALL$ ON WORK]S TO ORGANIZE CO-OP]ATIVES ?AT W]E SUPPOS$LY TO EASE ! T\< ECONOMIC PLI<T :I* WAS AS MU* HITT+ AT WORK]S AS ! POPULATION AS A :OLE4 ,AT FIR/ WORK]S 9DE$ DID RESORT TO ?IS REM$Y4 ,?R\<\T ALMO/ ! 5TIRE BAS9 ! COOP]ATIVE MOVEM5T GREW1 NEW CONSUM] ASSOCIATIONS W]E =M$ & ! OLD ONES /R5G!N$4 ,WORK]S TOOK P>T 9 !M TO USE ! LEGAL OPPORTUNITIES = MEET+S1 BUT EV5 AT CONSUM] ASSOCIATION MEET+S VOICES ( BRAVE & IRRECONCILABLE FI<T]S = COMPLETE FRE$OM C\LD BE HE>D1 ?\< !IR MESSAGE AT ?AT /AGE DID NOT 5C\NT] ANY SUPPORT4 ,BY ! BEG9N+ ( ! SECOND YE> ! PICTURE HAD *ANG$ A LITTLE3 H]E & !RE 9 ! PLANTS & M9ES SMALL CELLS & GR\PLETS W]E ORGANIZ$ :]E QUE/IONS ( CURR5T AFFAIRS W]E DISCUSS$ & :]E EV5 ! FIR/ NEWS ( ! ,ZIMM]WALD CONF]5CE P]COLAT$ ?R\<4 ,AS IT LAT] TURN$ \T1 ALL !SE CELLS W]E TO BECOME ADH]5TS ( ! ,ZIMM]WALD RESOLUTIONS4 ,WE %\LD NOTE ?AT !SE GR\PLETS W]E NOT 9T]L9K$ & DID NOT EV5 KN[ ( ! EXI/5CE ( O!RS SIMIL> TO !MSELVES4 

,9 ,FEBRU>Y & ,M>* #aiaf !RE APPE>$ TWO LEAFLETS AT ONE ( ! ,GORLOVKA M9ES1 CALL+ ON WORK]S TO ORGANIZE1 :I* QUITE GRAPHICALLY PORTRAY$ ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC /ATE ( ! C\NTRY & PUT =W>D ! SLOGANS ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P MAJORITY4 ,!SE LEAFLETS HAD ALSO BE5 DI/RIBUT$ AT O!R M9ES & AL?\< V]Y BADLY HECTOGRAPH$ !Y W]E NEV]!LESS READ ) GREAT EAG]NESS1 ! MORE SO BECAUSE ?IS WAS ! FIR/ SIGN ( AN AWAK5+ MOVEM5T1 & NO MORE POSITIVE 9ITIATIVE WAS TO PRES5T ITSELF ELSE:]E UNTIL ! V]Y \TBREAK ( ! /RIKE4 ,9 E>LY ,APRIL ! FIR/ W>TIME /RIKE 9 ! ,DONETS ,BAS9 BROKE \T1 9VOLV+ TW5TY NEI<BOR+ UND]TAK+S ) SOME FIFTY ?\S& WORK]S 9 ALL4 ,! SIGNAL = ! /RIKE WAS GIV5 FROM ! M9E :]E ! LEAFLETS ALREADY M5TION$ HAD APPE>$ & ANO!R TWELVE M9ES JO9$ ! /RIKE 9 A S+LE DAY4 ,9 ! V]Y FIR/ DAYS !Y SET TO TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES & EV]Y:]E ID5TICAL DEM&S W]E ADVANC$ = A #e P] C5T WAGE RISE &1 9 ONE OR TWO PLACES1 ! ABOLITION ( F9ES = NOT REPORT+ = DUTY4 ,!SE RISES W]E PR$ET]M9$ BY ! EV] RIS+ CO/ ( LIV+4 ,! M9+ COMPANIES REFUS$ TO MEET ! DEM&S4 ,!REUPON AT A G5]AL MEET+ ( ALL ! M9ES A DECISION TO /RIKE WAS TAK5 UNTIL ALL DEM&S W]E MET4 ,! /RIKE />T$ (F QUITE CALMLY & WORK]S CONT9U$ TO ASSEMBLE AT N[ ONE & N[ ANO!R M9E TO DISCUSS ! SITUATION4 ,AT ALL !SE MEET+S WORK]S 5GAG$ 9 NO ADV5TURES4 ,AT ONE1 A /RIKE COMMITTEE WAS ELECT$4 ,BUT MEAN:ILE ! CU/ODIANS ( LAW & ORD] W5T 9TO ACTION AFT] !IR [N FA%ION3 TWO COMPANIES ( SOLDI]S W]E DISPAT*$ FROM ,BAKHMUT1 O/5SIBLY TO PROTECT ! M9ES4 ,BUT ON ! SECOND DAY1 FOLL[+ AN ORD] TO DISP]SE A MEET+1 ! SOLDI]S REFUS$ TO UND]TAKE 0PROTECTIVE0 ROLES ( ?IS TYPE4 ,A DETA*M5T ( M\NT$ POLICE WAS S5T \T 9 !IR PLACE1 & AT FIR/ CONF9$ ITSELF TO M]ELY A PRES5CE AT ALL ! MEET+S4 ,ON ! T5? DAY1 AN (FICIAL CAME FROM ONE ( ! M9ES ) ! SPECIAL MISSION ( NEGOTIAT+ ) ! WORK]S4 ,ALL ! WORK]S DULY GA!R$4 ,HE ADDRESS$ !M 9 A BRO!RLY WAY1 PO9T+ \T TO !M ?AT1 AS HE SAID1 IT WAS CRIM9AL TO GO ON /RIKE AT SU* A CRITICAL MOM5T1 ?AT ! ,JEWS1 ?OSE 5EMIES )9 :O DESIR$ ! D[NFALL ( ! HOMEL& BE IT BY SPY+ OR BY REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A1 W]E 9CIT+ !M TO ?IS CRIME & ?AT WORK]S1 AS S9C]E OR?ODOX FOLK TO :OM ! FA!RL& WAS DE>1 MU/ FI<T ?IS 5EMY ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE & PAY NO HE$ TO !IR HO/ILE SPEE*ES1 ESPECIALLY AS ! WORK]S W]E E>N+ GOOD MONEY & HAD NO NE$ TO GO \T ON /RIKE4 ,! WORK]S GREW RE/IVE1 = NONE ( !M HAD ANTICIPAT$ SU* SPEE*ES4 ,VOICES W]E HE>D TO SAY ?AT ?IS WAS NOT #aie :5 ! MY? ( ,JEWI% DOM9ATION MADE SU* A T]RIBLE IMPACT1 ?AT N[ADAYS !Y W]E WELL ABLE TO DI/+UI% !IR FRI5DS FROM !IR 5EMIES1 ?AT ECONOMIC DEM&S W]E NOT PUNI%ABLE UND] ! LAW1 & ?AT ! /RIKE HAD COME AB\T BY VIRTUE ( ! V]Y L[ WAGES :I* Y\ JU/ C\LD NOT MANAGE ON ) ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+4 ,REALIZ+ ?AT HIS ASSIGNM5T WAS NOT TO BE CR[N$ ) SUCCESS1 ! (FICIAL />T$ TO ?REAT5 PO/+S TO FRONT-L9E POSITIONS4 ,! WORK]S REPLI$ ?AT IF !IR DEM&S W]E NOT MET !Y W\LD GO !MSELVES TO ! MILIT>Y GOV]NOR4 ,! (FICIAL ?REAT5$ !M ONCE MORE ) %OOT+S & JAIL BUT DROVE (F ) NO?+ GA9$4 

,AFT] HIS DEP>TURE !RE W]E SEV]AL ATTEMPTS BY ! POLICE TO >RE/ ! MORE PROM95T WORK]S1 BUT 9 VA94 ,AT ALL ! M9ES WORK]S ORGANIZ$ A GU>D :O W\LD RAISE ! AL>M AS SOON AS !Y CAU<T SI<T ( POLICE APPROA*+ !IR WORKMATES' DWELL+S SO ?AT A CR[D W\LD COME RUNN+ \T & DRIVE ! POLICE (F1 EV5 SPR++ >RE/$ WORKMATES = !M4 

,! G5]AL SITUATION WAS GETT+ WORSE & WORSE4 ,!RE WAS NO MONEY & HOLIDAYS W]E APPROA*+4 ,AL?\< ! COMPANIES HAD NOT YET /OPP$ ALL[+ CR$IT 9 !IR RETAIL /ORES1 WORK]S />T$ BE+ REFUS$ 9 MANY ( !M4 ,! WORK]S DID NOT KN[ H[ TO PROCE$4 ,) !IR LA/ MONEY1 TWO TELEGRAMS W]E S5T TO WORK]S' DEPUTIES 9 ! ,DUMA BUT ALAS1 NO REPLY WAS RECEIV$4 ,ONE MORE EF=T WAS MADE3 A LITTLE MONEY WAS COLLECT$1 A REPRES5TATIVE WAS *OS5 & S5T TO ,PET]SBURG TO CONSULT ) ! DEPUTIES1 BUT HE WAS NEV] SE5 AGA91 AS IF HE HAD VANI%$ 9TO ?9 AIR4 ,! GOV]NOR ( ,EKAT]9OSLAV PAID A VISIT TO ! M9ES AFT] ! HOLIDAYS W]E OV]4 ,HE1 JU/ LIKE ! (FICIAL ON ! SPECIAL MISSION1 ADDRESS$ ! WORK]S 9 AN EMOTIVE 0BRO!RLY0 SPEE*1 REBUK+ !M = A M9DLESS /RIKE4 

,HE CONC$$ ?AT WAGES W]E L[ 9 VIEW ( ! RIS+ PRICE ( BASIC NECESSITIES1 BUT ! WORK]S C\LD MAKE AN APPROA* TO HIM1 = HE W\LD AT ONCE M$IATE ) ! COMPANY = A #c P] C5T RISE4 ,!N VOICES CALL$ \T3 0,WE WON'T GO BACK = #di P] C5T1 WE DEM& #e P] C5T40 ,! FURI\S 0M$IATOR0 />T$ TO ?REAT5 LEGAL PROCE$+S1 SAY+ ?AT ?IS WAS NO LONG] AN ECONOMIC /RIKE BUT A REBELLION PURE & SIMPLE & ?AT PEOPLE W]E %OT = REBELLION4 ,! :OLE MASS ( WORK]S /OOD !RE AS IF FROZ5 TO ! SPOT1 & %\T$ 0,FIRE60 ,EV5 MO!RS ) BABIES DID NOT %IFT FROM ! SPOT4 0,BETT] TO BE %OT D[N RI<T H]E ?AN TO DIE ( />VATION10 %\T$ ! WORK]S4 0,LET'S HAVE ANO!R ,L5A & S]VE AS AN EXAMPLE TO O!RS :O HAVE TO FI<T = !IR RI<TS40 ,! GOV]NOR W5T WILD1 ! POLICE W]E /&+ BY1 & ! MO/ T]RIBLE \TCOME WAS TO BE EXPECT$4 ,BUT ! GOV]NOR REFRA9$ ?IS TIME1 AL?\< HE HAD LEFT 9/RUCTIONS ) ! POLICE :I* !Y W]E SUBSEQU5TLY TO FULFILL TO ! LETT]4 ,! GOV]NOR DROVE (F & 9 ORD] TO AVOID ANY EXCESSES OR CLA%ES ) ! POLICE1 ! WORK]S TOOK ! DECISION NOT TO ASSEMBLE ON ,MAY ,DAY BUT TO GA!R ON #b ,MAY TO DECIDE H[ ULTIMATELY !Y %\LD PROCE$4 ,MAY ,DAY PASS$ (F QUIETLY & !RE W]E NOT EV5 ANY >RE/S4 

,ON ! MORN+ ( #b ,MAY WORK]S />T$ TO COLLECT AT ! PRE>RANG$ SPOT BUT F\ND SOLDI]S !RE4 ,!Y HAD TO OCCUPY A NE>BY KNOLL4 ,:5 A SECTION ( ! WORK]S />T$ TO MOVE (F TO =EW>N WORKMATES :O HAD NOT YET >RIV$1 ! KNOLL WAS UNEXPECT$LY SURR\ND$ BY POLICE :O />T$ DEM&+ ?AT ! WORK]S DISP]SE4 ,NOTIC+ WORK]S FROM ! ,GORLOVKA M9ES APPROA*+ SOME PEOPLE ON ! KNOLL />T$ TO GO TO ! AID ( ?OSE >RIV+4 ,AT ?AT MOM5T ! POLICE TURN$ >\ND TO FACE ! ,GORLOVKANS & MADE /RAI<T = !M4 ,! ,GORLOVKANS TURN$ BACK & RAN = SOME NE>BY GULLIES4 ,BUT HAV+ GOT ?AT F>1 ! CR[D WAS N[ DELAY$ BY HAV+ TO CROSS ! GULLIES4 ,AT ?AT PO9T ! PURSU+ POLICE1 L$ BY A SUP]9T5D5T1 CAU<T UP4 ,UPON COMM& ( ! LATT]1 TWO VOLLEYS W]E FIR$ BUT BO? APPE>$ TO BE DELIB]ATELY 9TO ! AIR4 ,!N ! 9FURIAT$ SUP]9T5D5T BUR/ 9TO ! CR[D & />T$ TO FIRE 9 ALL DIRECTIONS ) HIS REVOLV]4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY ANO!R TWO VOLLEYS RANG \T & ! POLICE TOOK COV]4 ,! CR[D :I* CAU<T UP FROM BEH9D F\ND F\R DEAD & TW5TY W\ND$ ON ! SITE4 

,AT ! O!R 5D ( ! SETTLEM5T1 A POLICE DETA*M5T SWOOP$ ON A CR[D GO+ TO W>N WORKMATES DUE TO >RIVE & BEAT !M UP ) :IPS1 :ILE A DESP]ATE BRAWL BROKE \T ) O!R WORKMATES :O HAD BY N[ DRAWN NE> & ! O!RS HAD WANT$ TO W>N1 AS A RESULT ( :I* ONE POLICEMAN & SEV]AL DOZ5 WORK]S W]E S]I\SLY 9JUR$4 ,! 9JUR$ W]E TAK5 (F TO ,RUDNIK HOSPITAL & ! DEAD PUT 9 ! MORGUE4 ,ALL F\R DEAD PROV$ TO BE FAMILY M51 ONE ( !M LEFT SEV5 *ILDR5 & A SICK WIFE4 ,WORKMATES COLLECT$ #dd RUBLES & SOME KOPECKS TO HELP ! B]EAV$ FAMILIES1 & B\<T %R\DS & WREA?S4 ,BUT :5 !Y >RIV$ TO DRESS \T ! DEAD1 ! POLICE W\LD NOT LET !M 9TO ! MORTU>Y 9 SPITE ( REQUE/S FROM RELATIVES & ! BRAV]Y ( ! CR[D :I* HAD TO BE DRIV5 AWAY BY ?REATS ( FUR!R %OOT+S4 ,:5 !Y >RIV$ = ! FUN]ALS ! NEXT MORN+ ! MORGUE WAS EMPTY3 BY NI<T ! POLICE HAD REMOV$ ! DEAD & BURI$ !M 9 AN UNKN[N PLACE1 REFUS+ EV5 TO %[ RELATIVES ! GRAVES4 

,MASS >RE/S W]E C>RI$ \T ON ! NI<T ( #d ,MAY4 ,FEEL+ DEFEAT$1 ! WORK]S NO LONG] RESI/$4 

,! /RIKE WAS TO LA/ ANO!R SEV5 DAYS1 DUR+ :I* WORK]S AGRE$ TO 5D ! /RIKE BUT DID NOT 5T] 9TO NEGOTIATIONS ) ! COMPANY4 ,ON #aa ,MAY !Y REPORT$ = WORK AT ALL ! M9ES ON !IR OLD CONDITIONS4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY1 H[EV]1 A 0F9ANCIAL RATION0 WAS AW>D$ AM\NT+ TO A #be P] C5T PAY SUPPLEM5T4 ,FROM ?AT MON? ONW>DS1 /RIKE ACTION OV]FL[$ ?R\<\T ! ,DONETS ,BAS91 MO/LY F9I%+ 9 DEFEAT = ! WORK]S4 

,! /RIKES W]E ACCOMPANI$ EV]Y:]E BY SWEEP+ >RE/S1 SACK+ ( WORK]S FROM ! PLANTS & ! DEPORTATION ( WORK]S 9 !IR HUNDR$S TO FRONT-L9E POSITIONS4 ,?US1 9 ! ,MAY ( ?AT YE>1 A /RIKE FL>$ UP 9 ! T[N ( ,M>IUPOL AT ONE ( ! RI*E/ PLANTS2 ?IS 5D$ 9 DEFEAT AFT] TWO WEEKS1 BE+ CRU%$ BY MASS >RE/S & ! SACK+ ( HUNDR$S ( WORK]S4 ,9 ,JULY A COLOSSAL /RIKE FL>$ UP 9 ,LUGANSK :I* 5D$ 9 A BLOODY MASSACRE & MASS >RE/S4 

,SIMULTANE\SLY ) ! /RIKE WAVE1 /RONG POLITICAL GR\PS BEGAN TO BE =M$1 ! CELLS RAPIDLY GA9+ /R5G? RA!R AS IF WORK]S WANT$ TO RECOV] ! PRECI\S TIME LO/4 ,!Y />T$ TO SEEK L9KS BETWE5 EA* O!R4 ,?IS WAS N[ EASY4 ,DUR+ ! /RIKES ALL !SE GR\PLETS & CELLS HAD BECOME ACQUA9T$ ) EA* O!R4 ,AT ?IS JUNCTURE !Y ALL UNIT$ TO =M ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION ( ! ,DONETS ,BAS91 :OSE /ATUTES & PROGRAM W]E ?OSE ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P MAJORITY4 
  

,RELATIONS ) ,O!R ,P>TIES 

,COMRADES >RIV+ ) REPORTS FROM ! LOCALITIES REGRETT$ BUT ONE ?+1 ! LACK ( LIT]ATURE1 DEM& = :I* WAS EXTREMELY GREAT & :OSE SUPPLY FROM ABROAD WAS LIMIT$4 ,WE HAD TO DI/RIBUTE ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS & HA/ILY PREP>E LIT]ATURE = PUBLICATION 9SIDE ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT !RE W]E S]I\S OB/ACLES [+ TO LACK ( FUNDS4 

,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE HAD WELL EQUIPP$ ITS ILLEGAL PR9T%OP 9 ,NOVAYA ,D]EVNYA BUT IT WAS SEIZ$ ALONG ) SEV]AL ?\S& COPIES ( ! PAMPHLET ,:O ,NE$S ! ,W>8 BY ,A4,M4 ,KOLLONTAI4 ,MANY ( \R TE*NICAL WORK]S W]E SEIZ$ TOGE!R ) ! PR9T%OP4 ,I SOON AFT]W>DS MANAG$ TO E/ABLI% ?AT 0,ALEKSEI ! PR9T]0 HAD RATT$ ON ! PR9T%OP4 ,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE TOOK IMM$IATE /EPS TO ISOLATE & BOYCOTT ?IS MAN4 ,BUT ?IS :OLE FIASCO DID PUT A BRAKE ON ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE PROCLAMATIONS = A :ILE4 

,AS ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU DEVELOP$1 A GREAT V>IETY ( REPORTS ON ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS />T$ TO COME 94 ,! PUBLICATION ( A NEWSPAP] BECAME A CRY+ NE$4 ,COMRADE ,MOLOTOV MADE 9T5SIVE 9VE/IGATIONS 9 QUE/ ( PREMISES & /AFF = ! ORGANIZATION ( AN ILLEGAL PR9T%OP4 ,9 ANTICIPATION ( ?IS1 WE DECID$ TO PUBLI% ,OSV$OMITELNY ,LI/OK 7,9=MATION ,BULLET971 REPRODUC+ IT ON TYPEWRIT]S & S5D+ IT \T TO \R ORGANIZATIONS EV5 IF ONLY 9 S+LE COPIES = !M TO DUPLICATE IT 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! REQUIREM5TS ( !IR =CES4 ,IT WAS PLANN$ TO ISSUE ! FIR/ NUMB] ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU'S ,OSV$OMITELNY ,LI/OK AFT] #i ,JANU>Y4 

,AT ! 5D ( #aiaf ,I LE>N$ FROM ,N4,D4 ,SOKOLOV ?AT COMRADE ,E4,D4 ,/ASOVA WAS >RIV+ FROM EXILE = TREATM5T & ,I AT ONCE HA/5$ TO MEET H] & BR+ H] 9TO ! WORK4 ,COMRADE ,/ASOVA UND]TOOK A P>T ( ! SECRET>IAL WORK ?AT DID NOT REQUIRE TRIPS >\ND ! CITY'S R5DEZV\S PO9TS4 

,9 SPITE ( EV] M\NT+ REPRESSION1 MASS >RE/S & ! LOSS ( P>TY WORK]S1 \R ILLEGAL ORGANIZATION DEVELOP$ & /R5G!N$4 ,! MO/ P[]FUL ILLEGAL ORGANIZATION 9 ,PET]SBURG WAS \R P>TY'S ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE :I* BR\<T TOGE!R SOME #c1 MEMB]S1 BUT ! MAJORITY ( ,PET]SBURG WORK]S C\LD BE REG>D$ AS SYMPA?IZ+ ) ITS ANTI-W> POLICY4 ,\T ( \R P>TY'S LEGAL ORGANIZATIONS !RE REMA9$ 9 EXI/5CE ONLY ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P ( ! ,9SURANCE ,C\NCIL1 :I* WAS ALSO ! ALL-,RUSSIAN C5T] ( ! HOSPITAL FUNDS & ITS J\RNAL1 ,VOPROSY ,/RAKHOVANIYA4 ,! ACTIVITY ( !SE 9/ITUTIONS WAS 9HIBIT$ 9 ! EXTREME & MANY MEMB]S ( ! ,9SURANCE ,GR\P W]E 9 JAIL OR EXILE4 

,CLOSE/ TO ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE 9 ITS TACTICS & ATTITUDE TO ! W> WAS A GR\P KN[N BY ! NAME ( ! 0,9T]-,DI/RICT ,ORGANIZATION0 ( ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,!RE NUMB]$ 9 ?IS ORGANIZATION A GR\P ( 0NON-FACTIONAL0 SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 =M] ,TROTSKYITES & ,PLEKHANOVITES1 BUT ! ORGANIZATION DID POSSESS ! RES\RCES & OPPORTUNITIES TO PUBLI% LEAFLETS & EV5 A SMALL F\R-PAGE NEWSPAP]1 ,VP]$ 7,=W>D71 ( :I* TWO ISSUES APPE>$4 ,! MEMB]%IP ( ! ,9T]-,DI/RICT ,ORGANIZATION NEV] W5T BEYOND SOME #a#e4 

,AT ! 5D ( ! SUMM] ( #aiaf ! ,PET]SBURG ,9ITIATIVE ,GR\P ( ,M5%EVIK ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS WAS RESURRECT$ & 9 ! ,AUGU/ A LEAFLET CAME \T OPPOS+ ! 0,W> ,9DU/RIES ,SOCIALI/S0 & DISCLAIM+ ANY RESPONSIBILITY = ! ,LABOR ,GR\P ( ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE1 =BIDD+ ITS SUPPORT]S TO 5T] 9TO ANY PACTS ) !M ON MATT]S ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T & DECL>+ ! ,GVOZDEVITES TO BE 9/IGATORS ( A NEW SPLIT4 ,! ORGANIZATION ISSU$ F\R LEAFLETS DUR+ #a#i#a#f3 ! FIR/ WAS DEVOT$ TO ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,SOCIALI/S2 ! SECOND TO ! G5]AL NATURE ( ! W> & ! POSITION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ) ! SLOGANS 0D[N ) ! W>0 & 0LONG LIVE PEACE02 ! ?IRD LEAFLET CONSI/$ ( AN ELEV5-PO9T /ATEM5T ON ! FOOD CRISIS2 ! F\R? LEAFLET WAS ISSU$ = #i ,JANU>Y #aiag B5EA? ! SLOGAN 0D[N ) ! W>1 LONG LIVE PEACE1 LONG LIVE ! DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC & ! CON/ITU5T ASSEMBLY04 

,!RE W]E ALSO MANY DIV]SE NATIONAL SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC GR\PS 9 ,PET]SBURG1 SOME ( :I* AFFILIAT$ TO \R P>TY ORGANIZATION ) ! /ATUS ( DI/RICTS )9 ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,( O!R NONSOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS !RE W]E ! ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,!IR ,PET]SBURG ORGANIZATION HAD A MAJORITY ( LEFTI/S1 ,*]NOV SUPPORT]S4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,ALEKS&ROVI*1 ! DEPUTY ,K]5SKY ALSO JO9$ !M1 R5\NC+ HIS PREVI\S POSITION ( NATIONAL DEF5SE4 ,! ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES C>RI$ \T WORK 9 V>I\S DI/RICTS ) SOME SUCCESS1 BUT !Y W]E UNABLE TO CREATE A /RONG ORGANIZATION4 

,AFT] \R ORGANIZATIONS1 BR\<T TOGE!R BY ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE1 ! /RONGE/ )\T D\BT WAS ! DEF5SI/ ,M5%EVIKS' ORGANIZATION4 ,! LATT] MADE HI<LY PRACTICAL USE ( !IR SEMI-LEGAL /ATUS1 PUBLI%+ ! P]IODICALS ,DELO & ,EKONOMI*ESKOE ,OBOZR5IE1 & /AFF$ HOSPITAL FUNDS & LABOR GR\PS ( ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES4 

,AT ! (FICES ( ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE ON ! ,LITE9Y 9 ,PET]SBURG1 !IR 0,LABOR ,GR\P0 HAD ITS PREMISES1 :]E DEF5SI/S GA!R$ FROM ALL OV] ,PET]SBURG1 REPORTS W]E MADE & MEMB]S ( ,*KHEIDZE'S ,DUMA FACTION1 ! 0NONP>TY ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>Y0 ,K]5SKY & O!RS W\LD GO4 ,! MEET+S W]E (T5 WELL ATT5D$ & REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE W\LD GO ALONG !RE TO PURSUE ! FI<T AGA9/ 0,GVOZDEVISM04 ,AFT] ONE SU* VISIT WE LO/ COMRADE ,EVDOKIMOV1 :O WAS PUT 9 JAIL4 

,?IS ORGANIZATION HAD 9TELLECTUAL RES\RCES & FUNDS AT ITS DISPOSAL1 ?ANKS TO ITS PROXIMITY TO CAPITALI/ MONEYBAGS4 ,! CZ>'S GOV]NM5T H[EV] UND]VALU$ ! DEF5SI/S' PATRIOTISM & BELIEV+ ?AT IT C\LD NOT SPLIT ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT ANY FUR!R1 />T$ P]SECUT+ !M1 LIB]AL & PATRIOTICALLY-M9D$ WORK]S AS !Y W]E4 

,AFT] ! CONGRESSES ( ! 0PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS0 9 ,MOSC[ BROK5 UP BY ! ,/URM] GOV]NM5T1 ! 0,LABOR ,GR\P0 BECAME A TOOL ( ! LIB]AL-ORGANIZ$ MOVEM5T >\ND ! ,DUMA1 FOLL[+ ! SLOGAN ( 0NATIONAL SALVATION04 

,) ! EXI/5CE ( A :OLE MULTIPLICITY ( GR\PS & P>TY ORGANIZATIONS1 ! GR[? ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T DEM&$ UNITY ( ACTION FROM !SE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! DANG] ( FRAGM5T+ ! MOVEM5T WAS1 ?\< SMALL1 /ILL PRES5T4 ,) ?IS 9 M9D1 ! ,M5%EVIK SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ,DUMA FACTION 9 ! FIGURE ( ,N4,S4 ,*KHEIDZE PROPOS$ TO \R ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU VIA ,N4,D4 ,SOKOLOV TO DISCUSS ! QUE/ION ( COOP]ATION & CO-ORD9AT$ REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS4 ,! ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES MADE A SIMIL> APPROA* ?R\< ,ALEKS&ROVI*4 ,! ,BUREAU CONSID]$ ! PROPOSALS & TOOK ! DECISION ?AT IT C\LD ONLY 5T] 9TO AN AGREEM5T ON ! MATT] ( CO-ORD9AT$ ACTION ) ORGANIZATIONS ?AT HAD ADOPT$ ! POSITION ( A CONSI/5T /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! W> & ITS SUPPORT]S & W]E NOT P>TY TO ANY AGREEM5T ) ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE4 

,AN APPO9TM5T BETWE5 MYSELF1 ,*KHEIDZE & SOMEONE ELSE WAS >RANG$ AT ,N4,D4 ,SOKOLOV'S AT :I* ,I RAIS$ 9 PRACTICAL T]MS ! QUE/ION ( A BREAK BY ,*KHEIDZE & ! RE/ FROM ! ,GVOZDEVITES & ( AN OP5 CONDEMNATION ( !IR POLICY1 & FUR!RMORE DEM&$ !IR FIRM BACK+ = ! WORK+ MASSES' REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-W> MOVEM5T BO? FROM ! ,DUMA TRIBUNE & \TSIDE IT4 

,9 FRONT ( WITNESSES1 ,*KHEIDZE DIS[N$ SOLID>ITY ) 0,GVOZDEVISM0 BUT S\<T TO JU/IFY HIS VISITS TO ! ,LABOR ,GR\P ( ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE AS BE+ = 9=MATION PURPOSES ONLY4 ,A VACUUM WAS DEVELOP+ >\ND ! ,DUMA FACTION BY ?AT TIME4 ,!IR POLICY ( CONT9UAL WAV]+ DID NOT MEET ) SUPPORT FROM ANY ( ! ILLEGAL SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC GR\PS4 ,! P]=MANCES ( ! ,*KHEIDZE FACTION 9 ! ,DUMA W]E SO PALE ?AT !Y C\LD NOT EVOKE ANY RESPONSE OR SUPPORT FROM REVOLUTION>Y-M9D$ WORK]S' CIRCLES4 ,I ALSO HAD AN APPO9TM5T AT ,N4,D4 ,SOKOLOV'S ) ,K]5SKY4 ,! TOPIC ( ! CONV]SATION WAS ! ATTITUDE TO ! W> & CO-ORD9AT$ ACTION4 ,A4,F4 ,K]5SKY CALL$ HIMSELF AN 9T]NATIONALI/1 ACCEPT$ ! PLAT=M ( ! ,ZIMM]WALD LEFT & R5\NC$ HIS PATRIOTIC AB]RATIONS4 ,I PUT TO HIM ! SAME T]MS ( A BREAK FROM ! 0,GVOZDEV-,GU*KOV0 BLOC AS IT WAS P]FECTLY WELL KN[N TO ME ?AT HE TOO WAS TAK+ P>T 9 ! WORK & MEET+S ( ! W> 9DU/RIES SOCIALI/S4 ,I MOREOV] DEM&$ MORE CL>ITY ON ! ATTITUDE TO ! W>1 A DEF9ITIVE BREAK FROM ! 0DEF5SE ( ! FA!RL&0 & A PUBLIC /ATEM5T ON ! MATT]4 

,ALL WE MEMB]S ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU & ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE ORGANIZ]S1 H[EV]1 PUT LITTLE FAI? 9 ! S9C]ITY ( ,*KHEIDZE'S & ,K]5SKY'S /ATEM5TS4 ,! LATT] W]E ALL 9 V]Y CLOSE T\* ) ! B\RGEOIS OPPOSITION & WE SUSPECT$ ?AT !SE PEOPLE W]E1 9 ! GUISE ( MAK+ 0CONTACTS01 9T5D+ TO LAT* US ON TO ! MOVEM5T 0>\ND ! ,DUMA0 :I* WAS BE+ PREP>$ AMONG B\RGEOIS 9TELLECTUALS & DEMOCRATS FROM ! AUTUMN ONW>DS4 ,! MO/ EXTREME SLOGANS ( ?IS MOVEM5T W]E 0ACC\NTABLE GOV]NM5T0 & 0A GOV]NM5T ( NATIONAL SALVATION04 
  

,! ,B\RGEOISIE'S ,/RUGGLE = ,P[] 

,! AUTUMN ( #aiaf WAS M>K$ BY OP5 PUBLIC ACTIVITY BY ! ORGANIZ$ M]*ANT & 9DU/RIAL B\RGEOISIE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE FOLL[$ ! B\RGEOISIES ( ALL ! O!R BELLIG]5T C\NTRIES1 & ADOPT$ ! W> AS ITS [N1 CONSID]+ IT TO BE A HI<LY PR(ITABLE BUS9ESS1 PROCLAIM+ A 0UNION ) ! GOV]NM5T0 & 5C\RAG+ ! RECONCILIATION ( CLASSES4 ,H[EV]1 ! POLICY ( B>B>IAN CZ>ISM :I* WAS NOT ONLY UND]TAK5 9 ! 9T]E/S ( M]*ANT & 9DU/RIAL CAPITAL BUT ALSO HAD ITS [N PURELY DYNA/IC AIMS1 FREQU5TLY SUBORD9AT$ ! 0F9AL 5DS0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! C\RT & ?US S[$ ANXIETY 9 ! BUS9ESS HE>TS ( \R C\NTRY'S M]*ANTS & MANUFACTUR]S4 ,:ILE /RIV+ = AN ALLIANCE ) ! GOV]NM5T & UND]/&+ ALL ! 0EVIL0 SIDES ( ! CZ>I/1 BUREAUCRATIC-POLICE SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T :I* CRU%$ ANY PUBLIC 9ITIATIVE OR SELF-ACTIVITY :ATEV]1 ! B\RGEOISIE DECID$ TO ]ASE ! P]NICI\S EFFECT ( ! CZ>'S POLICY & TO TAKE OV] BY ITSELF ! CONDUCT ( ! W>4 

,A NUMB] ( PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS1 ) AUXILI>Y FUNCTIONS TO ! MILIT>Y & CIVIL ORGANS ( ! /ATE1 HAD BE5 CREAT$ BY ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE4 ,!SE ORGANIZATIONS ACQUIR$ ! *>ACT] ( CLASS ORGANIZATIONS ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 W]E MORE MOBILE ?AN ?OSE ( ! GOV]NM5T & QUICKLY ASSUM$ AN 5ORM\S IMPORTANCE 9 S]VIC+ ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! W>4 ,! GOV]NM5T TOL]AT$ !SE ORGANIZATIONS AS A NECESS>Y EVIL & WAS EV5 COMPELL$ TO CONC$E !M 9CREAS+LY WIDE-RANG+ RI<TS4 ,! ALL-,RUSSIAN ,UNION ( ,ZEM/VOS1 ! ALL-,RUSSIAN ,UNION ( ,T[NS & ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES UNIT$ >\ND !MSELVES ALL ! SO-CALL$ 05FRAN*IS$0 SECTION ( ,RUSSIA4 ,?ANKS TO !IR LIB]AL P>5TAGE & ! GOV]NM5T'S HO/ILE ATTITUDE T[>DS !M1 ALL !SE ORGANIZATIONS PROV$ ABLE TO DRAW UPON ORGANIZATIONAL =CES )9 ! DEMOCRATIC 9TELLIG5TSIA & ?R\< IT TO GA9 A FOO?OLD 9 ! POPULACE AS WELL4 ,ALL !SE PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS =M$ BY ! LIB]AL M]*ANT & 9DU/RIAL B\RGEOISIE PRES5T$ BY ! 5D ( #aiaf P[]FUL /RONG-PO9TS ( A ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE UNIT$ >\ND ! ISSUE ( ! W>4 ,9 SPITE ( HOLD+ SU* =TRESSES 9 !IR SWAY & BE+ BR\<T TOGE!R BY ! BLACK-&-YELL[ BANN] ( ! 0PROGRESSIVE BLOC0 9 ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 \R B\RGEOISIE DID NOT SO MU* AS DREAM ( US+ !M AGA9/ ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T & ITS REGIME4 ,ALL ! LIB]AL REPRES5TATIVES ( ! COMM]CIAL CLASSES & W> 9DU/RIES W]E ADVOCATES ( A CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*Y4 ,DEMOCRACY SC>$ !M JU/ AS MU* AS SOCIALISM4 ,!Y W]E TRULY AFRAID ( REVOLUTION1 MANY TIMES MORE SO ?AN ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM4 

,NI*OLAS ,I,I'S POLICY >\S$ RES5TM5T NOT ONLY BECAUSE IT DID NOT FULLY ANSW] ! IMM$IATE 9T]E/S ( ! M]*ANT & 9DU/RIAL B\RGEOISIE BUT ALSO BECAUSE ?AT :OLE CZ>I/ SY/EM ( GOV]N+ ,RUSSIA WAS DEAL+ IRREP>ABLE BL[S TO ! MON>*Y ITSELF4 ,! B\RGEOISIE1 9 ITS RELATIONS ) ,NI*OLAS ,I,I & ! ,H\SE ( ,ROMANOV AS A :OLE1 WAS 9 5TIRE AGREEM5T ) A C]TA9 SECTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN >I/OCRATS & C\RT RET9UE :O LOOK$ ON ) 0HE>TFELT ANGUI%0 AS !IR BELOV$ BUT DEG5]ATE MON>* & ALL HIS M9IONS FELL UND] ! SPELL ( 0D>K =CES01 POLITICAL ADV5TUR]S & *>LATANS4 ,!RE W]E AMONG ! >I/OCRATS GR\P+S :I* TOOK P>T 9 ALL ! BACK/AGE 0MANEUV]S0 ( PUBLIC ACTIVITIES & IMPLOR$ ,CZ> ,NIKOLAI TO MAKE CONCESSIONS TO ! 0F9E/ M5 ( ! C\NTRY04 ,NIKOLAI ,I,I WAS H[EV] DEAF TO ALL 5TREATIES & W\LD NOT AGREE TO MOD]ATE HIS AUTOCRATIC P[]4 

,! CRITICAL SITUATION )9 ! C\NTRY1 ! UNCEAS+ DANG] AT ! FRONT &1 MO/ IMPORTANT1 ! BLATANT ASPIRATION ( C]TA9 C\RT CIRCLES = A RAPPRO*EM5T ) ,G]MANY & REPORTS ( POSSIBLE BACK/AGE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS ) ,G]MANY1 WORRI$ ! 0PATRIOTIC0 PROGRESSIVE B\RGEOISIE TO ! UTMO/4 ,DUR+ ! 5=C$ ,DUMA RECESS A SNAP CAB9ET RE%UFFLE TOOK PLACE3 IT WAS NO M]E *ANGE ( FACES BUT A DEMON/RATION ( ! CZ>I/ AUTOCRACY'S FIRM 9T5TION ( MA9TA9+ ITS RI<TW>D C\RSE IRRESPECTIVE ( ! BLACK-&-YELL[ BLOC & SO-CALL$ ,RUSSIAN PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,TO BUTTRESS ! ATTACKS BY ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC 9 ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 PREP>ATION = A /RUGGLE WAS BE+ MADE BY ALL ! B\RGEOIS ORGANIZATIONS3 ! ALL-,RUSSIAN ,UNION ( ,T[NS1 ! ALL-,RUSSIAN ,UNION ( ,ZEM/VOS1 ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES1 ,*AMB]S ( ,COMM]CE1 ALL SORTS ( COMMODITY EX*ANGE COMMITTEES & F9ALLY EV5 ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NOBILITY4 ,H[EV]1 ! LIB]AL B\RGEOIS & LIB]ALI/IC MON>*I/S1 AT ! SAME TIME AS PREP>+ A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CZ>'S FEUDAL *IEFTA9S1 C\RTLY P>ASITES & BUREAUCRATS ( ! BE/ V9TAGE1 W]E ALSO HOLD+ BACK/AGE NEGOTIATIONS ) REPRES5TATIVES ( ! SAME 0D>K0 GOV]NM5T =CES4 ,AMONG ! 9TELLIG5TSIA V]Y MANY RUMORS & /ORIES CIRCULAT$ >\ND ,PET]SBURG AB\T ALL SORTS ( SECRET DEALS DONE 9 ! W+S ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA4 ,WE DID AT ?AT TIME MANAGE TO OBTA9 A VIRTUALLY V]BATIM ACC\NT ( ONE SU* CONF]5CE :]E A DEAL WAS ATTEMPT$4 ,! CONF]5CE TOOK PLACE ON #ai ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#f1 PRIOR TO ! OP5+ ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA4 7,! OP5+ ( ! AUTUMN SESSION ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA WAS HELD ON #a ,NOVEMB]47 ,! CONF]5CE1 HELD AT ! H\SE ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA PRESID5T1 ,N4,V4 ,RODZYANKO1 HAD AN 9T]-FACTIONAL NATURE4 ,ALL ITS P>TICIPANTS1 FROM ,%ULYG9 TO ,MILYUKOV1 HAD REACT$ NEGATIVELY TO ,PROTOPOPOV'S 5TRY 9TO ! ,/URM] CAB9ET4 ,AS A COLLEAGUE ( ! PRESID5T ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 ,PROTOPOPOV WAS REG>D$ AS A MEMB] ( ! !N CELEBRAT$ 0PROGRESSIVE BLOC0 & HIS JO9+ ! GOV]NM5T WAS CONSID]$ A BETRAYAL4 ,AT ?IS CONF]5CE ( ,DUMA MEMB]S1 ! ALLEGATIONS BY N[ CIRCULAT+ ?R\<\T ,PET]SBURG1 ?AT ,PROTOPOPOV WAS AN ADV5TUR] :O DID NOT EV5 5JOY ! SUPPORT ( HIS P]SONAL FRI5DS 9 ! ,DUMA1 W]E CONFIRM$4 

,! >5A ( ! B\RGEOISIE'S /RUGGLE = ITS [N RULE WAS ! ,/ATE ,DUMA4 ,= ! OP5+ ( ITS WORK1 ! B\RGEOISIE HAD ALREADY SUCCE$$ 9 CONC5TRAT+ ! ATT5TION ( V]Y WIDE CIRCLES 9 ! C\NTRY ON ?IS P>LIAM5T>Y DUEL ( ! KNI<TS ( ,RUSSIA'S LIB]ALISM V]SUS ! MON/] ( \R NATION1 ! GOV]NM5T ( ! CZ>4 ,)9 ! ,TAURIDE ,PALACE ITSELF1 ! SEAT ( ! ,DUMA1 ! GREAT DAY WAS AWAIT$4 

,9 ,PET]SBURG1 REACTIONS TO ! SPEE*ES ANTICIPAT$ 9 ! ,DUMA W]E FAIRLY MIX$4 ,! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 (FICIALDOM & ! PHILI/9ES W]E EXPECT+ A ?UND]/ORM4 ,! WORK+ POPULATION1 UND]/&+ ! CLASS ESS5CE ( ! ,DUMA1 NURTUR$ NO EXAGG]AT$ ILLUSIONS AB\T A P>LIAM5T>Y CONTE/4 

#a ,NOVEMB] & ! DAYS FOLL[+ W]E 9DE$ R$-LETT] DAYS = ! LIB]ALS4 ,! =MS ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLE LAGG$ 9 NO WAY BEH9D ?OSE ( ,EUROPE4 ,! GOV]NM5T TOOK ! /EP ( =BIDD+ ! PR9T+ ( ! DEPUTIES' DECL>ATIONS & SPEE*ES1 BUT ?IS ONLY L$ TO ALL ( !M BE+ ILLEGALLY ISSU$4 ,!IR 9T]V5TION OP5$ ) ! DECL>ATION ( ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC READ \T BY ,%IDLOVSKY4 

,! DECL>ATION /AT$ ON BEHALF ( FIVE FACTIONS ( ! ,F\R? ,/ATE ,DUMA ?AT 0! GREAT /RUGGLE = \R JU/ CAUSE .<I4E4 ! W>.> MU/ AT ALL CO/S BE C>RI$ =W>D TO A VICTORI\S 5D04 ,! PROGRESSIVE BLOC SAW 9 ! ACTIONS ( ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T MANY GRAVE IMP$IM5TS TO A SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION ( ! W>4 ,! AU?ORITIES' ILL-CONCEIV$ & HAPHAZ>D REGULATIONS W]E ?REAT5+ ! :OLE ( ! C\NTRY'S ECONOMY4 ,! DECL>ATION /RESS$ ! GOV]NM5T'S ISOLATION & ! EV] GR[+ MI/RU/ IT >\S$4 ,IT EV5 TREAT$ ! PATRIOTIC UPSURGE ( ! 0PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS0 ) SUSPICION & WAS CONDUCT+ AN OP5 /RUGGLE AGA9/ !M4 ,! DECL>ATION !N PASS$ ON FROM ! GOV]NM5T'S CONVICTIONS & W>N+S ( POSSIBLE EVILS TO ITS [N PROPOSAL ?AT IT 0LEAVE0 & MAKE WAY = ?OSE :O 5JOY ! TRU/ ( ! 0:OLE PEOPLE04 ,A PECULI>ITY ( ?IS DECL>ATION LAY 9 ITS ADDRESS TO ! >MY & NAVY 9CLUD$ AT ! 5D4 ,! PHRASES CONCEAL$ A DESIRE TO W9 OV] ! SYMPA?IES ( ! (FIC]-CORPS ( ! >M$ =CES TO ! ,/ATE ,DUMA4 ,?\< ! B\RGEOISIE WAS F> REMOV$ FROM ! IDEA ( 9VOLV+ ! >MY 9 ! SETTLEM5T ( POLITICAL QUE/IONS1 IT WAS MO/ IMPORTANT = IT TO HAVE SUPPORT AMONG ! MILIT>Y /AFF & ! (FIC] CA/E4 ,?IS OBJECTIVE WAS RELATIVELY EASILY A*IEV$4 

,! FOCUS ( ATT5TION 9 ! FIR/ SITT+ ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA WAS ! SPEE* BY ! LEAD] ( ,RUSSIAN LIB]ALISM1 ,P4,N4 ,MILYUKOV4 ,HIS SPEE* PROVID$ ! PROGRAM NOT ONLY = ! ,CADET P>TY BUT ALSO = ! :OLE BLOC4 

,! ORATOR'S BASIC !ME1 UND]LY+ ALL HIS SPEE* FROM />T TO F9I%1 WAS ! GOV]NM5T'S 9ABILITY & RELUCTANCE TO TACKLE ALL ! DIFFICULTIES FL[+ FROM W>TIME CONDITIONS4 ,ESPECIALLY HEAVY PO9TS W]E MADE AGA9/ ! HEAD ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ! DAY1 ,/URM]4 ,! LATT] WAS MADE ! SYMBOL ( ! ,G]MANOPHILE T5D5CIES 9 C\RT CIRCLES & WAS SUSPECT$ ( DIRECT TREA*]Y4 ,! PR$ATORY1 CONQU]+ GRE$ ( ,RUSSIAN LIB]ALISM1 :I* DEM&$ ! ,/RAITS & ,CON/ANT9OPLE1 ALSO EXPRESS$ ITSELF QUITE %>PLY 9 ,MILYUKOV'S SPEE*4 ,! SPEE* GAVE RISE TO A MULTITUDE ( 9T]PRETATIONS & PROMPT$ TALK ( A DUEL & ! PROSECUTION ( ,MILYUKOV BY ,/URM]2 ! FALL ( ! ,/URM] CAB9ET1 :I* FOLL[$ SOON AFT]1 WAS ALSO ATTRIBUT$ TO IT4 ,ITS PUBLICATION WAS PROHIBIT$ BUT ?AT DID NOT PREV5T ITS EAG] DI/RIBUTION BY ILLEGAL MEANS4 ,! WORK+ POPULATION MADE USE ( ALL ! MAT]IAL 9 ! SPEE* ?AT IMPLICAT$ ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T TOGE!R ) ITS CIVIL S]VICE & M9I/]S4 

,AFT] ,MILYUKOV1 ,*KHEIDZE SPOKE4 ,ALL ! 9DECISION ( ! ,*KHEIDZE FACTION WAS EVID5T 9 HIS SPEE*4 ,HE C\LD NOT F9D A S+LE OBJECTION TO ! OV]TLY IMP]IALI/ DESIGNS EXP\ND$ 9 ! DECL>ATION ( ! BLOC4 ,9 ,*KHEIDZE'S SPEE*1 ,RUSSIA'S MILITANT PROLET>IAT W\LD NOT F9D ANY?+ TO GUIDE !M 9 ! /RUGGLE !Y W]E WAG+ ?R\<\T ! L&4 ,AT A TIME :5 ! APPETITES ( ! B\RGEOISIE W]E F9D+ A VOICE 9 ! RHETORIC ( ,MILYUKOV1 ,MAKLAKOV & O!RS1 ! PEOPLE :O CALL$ !MSELVES SOCIAL DEMOCRATS W]E NOT M]ELY 9CAPABLE ( REFLECT+ ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! W> BE+ WAG$ BY ! PROLET>IAT ( \R C\NTRY BUT ACTUALLY BEHAV$ QUITE AS IF NO SU* /RUGGLE WAS 9 FACT 9 PROGRESS4 ,YET \R ,DUMA SOCIAL DEMOCRATS W]E AT ?AT TIME MO/ FOND ( 0%[+ SOLID>ITY0 ) ,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T4 ,SOLID>ITY ) ,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T WAS NOT TAK5 BY !M TO MEAN FOLL[+ ! SAME PA? AS HIS & WORK+ 9 A REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-W> DIRECTION 9 ONE'S [N C\NTRY2 ,*KHEIDZE & ! RE/ CONF9$ !MSELVES TO 0HAIL+0 HIS C\RAGE4 ,BUT ! *AUV9I/ PRESS WAS LIKEWISE FULL ( >TICLES ?AT HAIL$ HIS /RUGGLE 09 AN 5EMY C\NTRY01 !REBY AIM+ TO DECEIVE ! WORK]S4 ,SO ! SOLID>ITY EXPRESS$ BY ,*KHEIDZE WAS DR[N$ 9 ! G5]AL FLOOD4 ,EV5 9 MOD]ATE WORK+-CLASS CIRCLES1 ,*KHEIDZE'S SPEE* PRODUC$ P]PLEXITY3 9 IT NO ONE C\LD TRACE ANY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y T5SION ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS BREA!D2 /ILL LESS WAS !RE ANY SOCIALI/ CL>ITY1 9 RELATION TO ! W> 9 P>TICUL>4 ,REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' CIRCLES & ,BOL%EVIK SOCIAL DEMOCRATS HAD ANYWAY LONG AGO CEAS$ TO REG>D ! ,DUMA FACTION AS A GUID+ REVOLUTION>Y C5T]4 ,! (F5SIVE OP5$ BY ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T WAS R\ND$ (F 0FROM ! LEFT0 BY ! ,N>ODNIK 7,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>Y7 DEPUTY1 ,A4,F4 ,K]5SKY4 ,9 ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! ,NOVEMB] SESSION1 HE PUT A QUE/ION ON ! BAN ON PUBLI%+ ,DUMA SPEE*ES1 MILIT>Y C5SOR%IP & ! PR$ICAM5T ( ! PRESS4 ,ON ! FUNDAM5TAL QUE/IONS ( DOME/IC & =EIGN POLICY & ON ! QUE/ION ( ! W> ITSELF1 ?IS REPRES5TATIVE ( ! P>TY ( ! ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES HAD1 H[EV]1 NO OP9ION ( HIS [N4 

,! B\RGEOISIE SUCCE$$ V]Y RAPIDLY 9 %IFT+ ! /RUGGLE = P[] F> BEYOND ! B\NDS ( ! ,TAURIDE ,PALACE4 ,! />T ( ! W9T] ( #aiaf WAS NOT$ = A S]IES ( ELABORATE CONGRESSES ?AT OP5$ UP WIDE POSSIBILITIES = ! B\RGEOISIE TO /EP UP !IR (F5SIVE4 ,! POLICY ( ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T WAS NOT EV5 5C\NT]+ BACK+ AMONG ! MO/ TRUE & LOYAL NOBILITY4 ,! CONGRESS ( REPRES5TATIVES ( NOBLE SOCIETIES :I* TOOK PLACE ON #bh ,NOVEMB] 5DORS$ ! MOD]ATE DEM&S ( ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC4 ,?IS P]IOD ( ! W>1 ) ITS LIB]AL CRAV+S = P[]1 WAS WITNESS TO A PECULI> =M ( POLITICAL AGITATION3 ! PUBLICATION & ILLEGAL CIRCULATION ( LETT]S BETWE5 ONE DIGNIT>Y & ANO!R4 ,LETT]S FROM ,*ELNOKOV TO ,RODZYANKO1 ,GU*KOV TO ,ALEXEEV1 & O!RS W]E ?AT AUTUMN PASS$ R\ND FROM H& TO H&4 ,9 ! 5D1 UP SPOKE ALSO \R ORGANIZ$ PROP ( ! ?RONE ( ! FA!RL&1 ! NOBILITY4 ,! PRESID5T ( ! UNIT$ NOBILITY1 ,A4,P4 ,/RUKOV1 ADDRESS$ A LETT] 0BY WAY ( APPEAL0 TO ! CZ> 9 :I* HE 09DICT$0 ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 CIT+ ! UNTOLD H>M ?AT ITS PUBLIC ACTIVITIES W]E CAUS+4 ,?IS LETT] & ALSO ! TACTICS ( ! ,DUMA =M$ SUBJECTS = DISCUSSION AT ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NOBILITY ON #bh ,NOVEMB] #a#i#a#f4 

,A SECTION ( ! NOBILITY HEAD$ BY ,V4,N4 ,LVOV =M$ ! 0LEFT0 AT ?IS CONGRESS4 ,\R M]*ANT & 9DU/RIAL B\RGEOISIE ALSO SPOKE ?R\< ! LEFT SECTION ( ?IS CONGRESS4 ,AN ASSESSM5T ( ! POLITICAL SITUATION FROM ! /&PO9T ( ?IS SOCIAL CLASS WAS CONTRIBUT$ BY ,V4,N4 ,LVOV 9 A SPEE* :I* WAS CIRCULAT$ QUITE EXT5SIVELY AMONG ! ,PET]SBURG & ,MOSC[ B\RGEOISIE & 9TELLECTUALS4 

,?IS SPEE* BY ,V4,N4 ,LVOV TYPIFI$ ! ANXIETY ( ! NOBLE E/ATE = ! FATE ( ! CZ>I/ FA!RL& & ITS [N AGE-OLD PRIVILEGES4 ,ALL ! NOBILITY FROM ! RI<T TO ! 0LEFT0 W+ WAS MOV$ BY BUT ONE DESIRE3 TO SAVE ! ,H\SE ( ,ROMANOV AT ANY PRICE1 TO SAFEGU>D IT FROM ! DIS9TEGRATION1 CORRUPTION & DECOMPOSITION ( ! TOP RUL+ CIRCLES & %IELD IT FROM ! EYES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,UNMASK+ ( ,NI*OLAS ,I,I'S SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T & EXPOS+ ! 9EPTITUDE & V5ALITY ( ITS LACKEYS WAS ( C\RSE CONSID]$ BY ! NOBILITY TO BE DANG]\S DEMAGOGY4 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,DECEMB] CONGRESSES W]E CONV5$ ( ! PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS CONNECT$ ) WORK = ! DEF5SE ( ! C\NTRY4 ,HAV+ LO/ ITS SUPPORT AMONG EV5 ! RANKS ( ! UNIT$ NOBILITY1 ! GOV]NM5T )HELD P]MISSION = ! OP5+ ( ! CONGRESSES4 ,! LEAD+ FIGURES ( ! ,UNIONS ( ,ZEM/VOS & ,T[NS HAD TO MAKE IMPROVIS$ >RANGEM5TS AT %ORT NOTICE4 ,! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,UNION ( ,ZEMATVOS ORGANIZ$ AN ASSEMBLY ( DELEGATES FROM PROV9CIAL ZEM/VOS = #i ,DECEMB]4 ,AT ?IS ASSEMBLY ,G4,E4 ,LVOV MADE A SPEE* 0ON ! CURR5T SITUATION04 ,HIS SPEE* WAS FRAU<T ) ! L&[N]S' ANXIETIES = ! FATE ( ! MON>*Y & ! PRIVILEGES ( NOBLE & B\RGEOIS SOCIETY L9K$ TO IT4 

,! DRIV+ =CE ( ! LIB]AL ZEM/VOS WAS ! W> & ! ?IR/ = PLUND] ?AT W5T ) IT4 ,!Y SAW ! ROAD TO ,RUSSIA'S 0SALVATION0 9 0SMA%+0 ! 5EMY & ACQUIR+ ,CON/ANT9OPLE & ! ,/RAITS4 ,IT WAS SU* IMP]IALI/ APPETITES :I* /IRR$ ! PATRIOTIC HE>TS ( ! LIB]AL ZEM/VOS4 

,REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,UNION ( ,T[NS GA!R$ ! SAME DAY BUT SEP>ATELY4 ,! GOV]NM5T TOOK POLICE MEASURES AGA9/ ?IS CONGRESS4 ,9 PLACE ( ! OP5+ ( ! CONGRESS1 A POLICE *>GE-%EET WAS S]V$4 ,REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS W]E ?IS TIME NO LONG] AFRAID TO HOLD ILLEGAL GA!R+S4 ,9 REPLY TO ! POLICE BAN ON CONGRESSES1 ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ZEM/VOS1 T[NS & O!R ORGANIZATIONS GA!R$ ON #aa ,DECEMB] 9 A JO9T CONF]5CE :I* ADOPT$ A MOTION ( PROTE/ AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T'S ACTION 9 DISSOLV+ ! CONGRESSES4 
  

,SUPPORT = ! ,F\R? ,DUMA 

,AS WAS TO BE EXPECT$1 ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T S\<T TO NEUTRALIZE ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC'S PLANS = AGITATION4 ,ALL OPPOSITION SPEE*ES BY DEPUTIES W]E SY/EMATICALLY DELET$4 ,ON MANY DAYS NEWSPAP]S W]E PUBLI%$ ) BLANK COLUMNS 9 PLACE ( ! REPORTS ( ,/ATE ,DUMA SITT+S4 ,?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS DID NOT1 H[EV]1 DISRUPT ! MILITANT PROGRAM ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y BLOC4 ,! DEPUTIES' SPEE*ES1 :I* W]E REPRODUC$ BY A V>IETY ( MEANS1 W]E QUITE AMPLY DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ! POPULATION4 

,DUMA PROGRESSIVE BLOC POLITICIANS S\<T & F\ND A BASIS 9 WORK+-CLASS CIRCLES AMONG ! DEF5SI/S & ?R\< ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES4 ,9 ?OSE DAYS ! W> 9DU/RIES SOCIALI/S W]E CONDUCT+ /R5U\S AGITATION >\ND ! PLANTS ( ,PET]SBURG4 ,! CREATION ( A UNIT$ FRONT AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T =M$ P>T ( ?IS AGITATION4 ,! WORK]S' 9T]E/S1 !IR CLASS TASKS & ATTITUDE TO ! W> >\ND :I* /RUGGLE WAS UNFOLD+1 W]E LEFT \T ( ACC\NT BY \R SOCIAL-PATRIOTS4 ,ALL !IR EF=TS C\LD BE R$UC$ TO A DRIVE TO W9 SUPPORT = ! ,/ATE ,DUMA4 ,9 ,NOVEMB] ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTION WAS PUT \T BY !M >\ND ! FACTORIES & PLANTS3 

,! GOV]NM5T1 :I* HAS N[ EV5 COME 9TO %>P COLLISION ) ! MAJORITY 9 ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 IS OP5LY LEAD+ ! C\NTRY1 ALREADY GROAN+ UND] ! YOKE ( W>1 TO UTT] DISLOCATION1 RU9 & D[NFALL4 ,! SALVATION ( ! C\NTRY LIES 9 ! FREE & BROAD ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE2 BUT ! FREE & BROAD ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE IS POSSIBLE ONLY ) A RADICAL *ANGE 9 ! EXI/+ POLITICAL ORD]4 ,! C\NTRY MAY P]I%1 FALL AP>T & />VE BUT ! PEOPLE WILL /ILL NOT BE FRE$ OR ORGANIZ$ = IT IS LACK ( ORGANIZATION & FRAGM5TATION :I* =MS ! BE/ GU>ANTEE ( ! RULE ( ! NOBLE-BUREAUCRATIC CLIQUE4 ,SU* IS ! ESS5CE ( GOV]NM5T POLICY4 ,! BAN ON PUBLICATION ( SPEE*ES AT ! FIR/ SITT+ ( ! ,DUMA & ! R$UCTION ( ! ,DUMA TO AN 9>TICULATE DEP>TM5T ( /ATE 9DICATES ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T IS READY = A NEW BETRAYAL & IS PREP>+ TO C>RY \T A NEW C\P D'ETAT3 TO ABOLI% ! #c ,JUNE ,DUMA BECAUSE ! ,DUMA WILL NOT CONS5T TO KEEP QUIET AB\T ! CRIMES ( ! GOV]NM5T4 

,RUSSIA IS UND]GO+ AN UNPREC$5T$LY GRAVE & ?REAT5+ TIME4 ,! MASS ( ! PEOPLE & ! WORK+ CLASS ABOVE ALL1 MU/ DIRECT ALL !IR RES\RCES ( M9D & WILL TO 9T]V5E SKILLFULLY 9 ! MOVEM5T N[ EMBRAC+ ALL LAY]S ( ! POPULATION & EX]T DECISIVE 9FLU5CE UPON EV5TS4 

,9 CONSID]ATION ( ! SITUATION ?AT HAS COME AB\T1 WE DECL>E ?AT TO SAVE ! C\NTRY FROM A GOV]NM5T :I* IS DRIV+ IT T[>DS ITS DOOM1 ! FOLL[+ /EPS >E NECESS>Y3 

7#a7 IMM$IATE & DECISIVE TRANS=MATION ( ! EXI/+ REGIME & ! ORGANIZATION ( A ,GOV]NM5T ( ,NATIONAL ,SALVATION1 F\ND$ UPON ! PEOPLE1 ! ,DUMA & ALL ! EXI/+ PUBLIC1 LABOR & DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS2 

7#b7 IMM$IATE DECL>ATION ( A UNIV]SAL & COMPLETE AMNE/Y & AS A PRIORITY1 ! RELEASE & RE/ORATION ( CIVIL RI<TS TO ! EXIL$ SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC DEPUTIES ( ! ,SECOND & ,F\R? ,DUMA4 

,9 ADOPT+ ?IS RESOLUTION1 WE CONSID] IT NECESS>Y TO S5D IT AT ONCE TO ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 DEM&+ ?AT IT CONDUCT ! MO/ RESOLUTE /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T'S P[] REG>DLESS ( ! ?REATS4 

,H[EV]1 ?IS RESOLUTION DID NOT HAVE ANY SUCCESS4 ,\R ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P WAS OBLIG$ TO DEVELOP C\NT]-AGITATION & ISSU$ A SPECIAL LEAFLET EXPOS+ ! ,DUMA'S LICKSPITTLE POLICY1 ! FALSITY ( ITS SLOGANS & ALSO ! TREA*]Y ( ! W> 9DU/RIES SOCIALI/S4 ,H]E IS ! LEAFLET3 

,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1 ,UNITE6 

,COMRADES1 ?R\<\T ! W>1 ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 :5EV] OP5+ ITS SITT+S1 V[$ ) AN \TP\R+ ( ! MO/ LOYAL S5TIM5TS TO BE FAI?FUL TO ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T & EX*ANG$ KISSES ) ITS M9I/]S4 ,YET N[ ! MILITANT DEPUTIES1 :ILE REMA9+ AS BE=E HANG]S-ON ( ! CZ>1 HAVE RAIS$ A /IR & A R[ ) ! GOV]NM5T4 ,:AT AB\T8 ,!Y DECL>E ?AT A *ANGE ( M9I/]S IS REQUIR$ 9 ORD] TO CONT9UE ! BLOODBA? ?R\< TO ! 5D4 

,:5 ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE1 EXHAU/$ BY ! IMMEASURABLE BURD5 ( A W> SANCTIFI$ BY ! CAPITALI/S1 BEG9 TO LOSE PATI5CE & >E READY TO M>* AGA9/ ! OPPRESSORS1 LIB]AL LEAD+ LI<TS !N ATTEMPT TO EXPLOIT ?IS MOVEM5T BY ! PEOPLE = !IR [N ?IEV+ APPETITES4 ,!Y NE$ A M9I/RY ( PUBLIC CONFID5CE4 ,BUT :AT CAN ?AT BR+ ! TORM5T$ PEOPLE8 ,9/EAD ( ,/URM]S1 ,MILYUKOVS1 :O TALK AB\T ! SALVATION ( ! C\NTRY BUT >E READY TO LEAD IT TO NEW DEA?S & DEM&+ EV] FRE% SACRIFICES4 

,NO6 ,WE MU/ ALWAYS BE> 9 M9D ?AT ?OSE :O >E CALL+ US TO WAGE W> TO ! 5D >E LEA/ ( ALL CONSID]+ US & >E LEA/ ( ALL CONC]N$ AB\T ! FATE ( ! NATION4 ,! SWAPP+ ( SOME MURD]]S = O!RS WILL NOT MAKE US HALT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ A REVAMP$ GOV]NM5T4 ,?AT BUN* ( *AUV9I/ WORK]S :I* UNTIL N[ HAS F\ND ONLY WORDS ( CONDEMNATION = \R REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS HAS SET SPECIAL /ORE BY ! LU/+S ( ! LIB]ALS = P[]4 ,IT HAS ADDRESS$ AN APPEAL TO Y\ TO FI<T = A 0GOV]NM5T ( NATIONAL SALVATION04 

,!SE 0LABOR POLITICIANS01 :O HAVE AB&ON$ US AT ! T\<E/ PO9T ( ! W>'S WOES SO AS TO ASSI/ ! GOV]NM5T & ! B\RGEOISIE TO C>RY ON ! W>1 CONDEMN \R REVOLUTION>Y URGE NOT TO LAY D[N >MS AGA9/ ! W> & ! OPPRESSORS & KEEP SIL5T AB\T ! KIDNAPP+ ( \R DEPUTIES1 >E N[1 ?\< REJECT$ BY US1 CALL+ ON US TO M>* BEH9D !IR SLOGANS & TO SURR5D] ! C\NTRY'S SALVATION TO ?OSE :O WI% TO TURN ! LONG MON?S ( BLOOD%$ 9TO YE>S & >E RU?LESSLY /RANGL+ ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 

,COMRADES6 ,HAV5'T T5 YE>S ( BLOODY EXP]I5CE ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T QUITE CLE>LY DEMON/RAT$ :O WILL REALLY FI<T AGA9/ ! PR$ATORY MON>*Y8 ,BY RALLY+ \R =CES1 EXT5D+ \R AGITATION 9TO ! RANKS ( ! POOR PEASANTRY & 9TO ! >MY1 WE %ALL =GE A V]ITABLE HAMM] ( REVOLUTION2 AT ITS BL[S ! GOV]NM5T :I* SO TORM5TS ! PEOPLE %ALL P]I%4 

,WE KN[ ( ONLY ?IS PRIM>Y TASK4 ,?R\< ! TOPPL+ ( ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T TO ! =MATION ( A ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,GOV]NM5T ( WORK]S & POOR PEASANTS6 ,WE %ALL DEM& ( SU* A GOV]NM5T ! IMM$IATE T]M9ATION ( ! W>1 ! IMM$IATE CONVOK+ ( A ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY & ! REALIZATION ( POLITICAL LIB]TIES SO AS TO PROVIDE ! CONDITIONS = CONDUCT+ A /RUGGLE = ! REALIZATION ( G5U9E DEMOCRACY1 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLIC1 ! CONFISCATION ( L&$ E/ATES1 &1 9 ORD] TO PUT 9TO ! H&S ( ! WORK+ CLASS ITS MO/ P[]FUL WEAPON1 %ORT] WORK+ H\RS1 E/ABLI%M5T ( ! EI<T-H\R DAY6 ,BUT TODAY WE MU/ BE ON \R GU>D6 

,GOV]NM5TS & RUL+ CLASSES1 *OK+ 9 ! /REAMS ( BLOOD FL[+ ?R\< !IR [N MAK+1 WILL /RA9 EV]Y EF=T = ! \TCOME ( ! W> TO BR+ !M CONT9U$ 5SLAVEM5T ( ! PEOPLES & ! RE9=CEM5T ( !IR P[]2 ! WORK]S ( ALL ! WORLD & FIR/ & =EMO/ ! WORK]S ( ! BELLIG]5T C\NTRIES MU/ DIRECT !IR BL[S AGA9/ !IR [N GOV]NM5TS4 ,ONLY BY DIS>M+ !M & ASSI/+ ! PEOPLE TO PUT AN 5D TO ?IS W> ?R\< C>RY+ \T ! POLITICAL OV]TURNS1 WILL WE LEAD ! C\NTRY AWAY FROM ITS DOOM 9 ! TRUE/ POSSIBLE WAY4 

,BUT REMEMB]1 COMRADES1 AS LONG AS ! LIFE ( ! PEOPLES IS BE+ SAPP$ BY ! CAPITALI/S1 AS LONG AS !Y >E MA/]S ( ! WORLD1 !Y WILL NOT /OP 9 !IR *ASE = PR(ITS TO HESITATE TO ?R[ ! PEOPLES OV] & OV] AGA9 9TO ! CONFLAGRATIONS ( W>S4 ,ONLY ! DE/RUCTION ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & ITS REPLACEM5T BY A SOCIALI/ ONE WILL PUT AN 5D TO W>S & HUMAN SUFF]+S4 ,?AT IS :Y WE ,RUSSIAN WORK]S WILL1 ?R\< DEVELOPM5T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT & ! =MATION ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 DEVOTE EV]Y EF=T TO ! REALIZATION ( SOCIALISM4 ,WE WILL SUPPORT \R COMRADES 9 ,BRITA91 ,G]MANY & ,FRANCE 9 !IR READ9ESS TO WAGE A /RUGGLE = ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS ONCE WE HAVE REMOV$ ! FETT]S ( \R CZ>I/ MON>*Y4 

,=W>D )\T RESPITE6 ,D[N ) ! W>6 ,D[N ) ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T6 ,LONG LIVE ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,GOV]NM5T6 ,D[N ) ! CZ>I/ MON>*Y6 ,LONG LIVE ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLIC6 ,LONG LIVE ! REVOLUTION6 ,LONG LIVE SOCIALISM6 

,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,LABOR ,P>TY 

,NOVEMB] #aiaf 

,9 ITS CALL = ! UNITY ( WORK]S1 SOLDI]S & ! POOR PEASANTRY1 ! LEAFLET C\NT]POSES ! SLOGANS ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL DEMOCRACY TO ! FALSE LIB]AL POSITIONS ( ! DEF5SI/S4 ,! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT DID NOT ALL[ ITSELF EI!R TO BE 9TOXICAT$ BY ! POISON ( NATIONALI/ V5OM OR TO BE C>RI$ AWAY BY ! FALSE SLOGANS ( ! 0GOV]NM5T ( NATIONAL SALVATION01 & W\LD NOT FOLL[ ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC 9 ! ,/ATE ,DUMA TO :I* ! DEF5SI/ ELEM5TS ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY W]E SUMMON+ !M4 

,! ,LABOR ,GR\PS ( ! ,C5TRAL & ,>EA ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES HAD F9ALLY & IRREVOCABLY TURN$ 9TO ADJUNCTS ( ! PSEUDO-LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE4 ,! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T'S ATTITUDE TO ! ACTIVITY 9 ! ,/ATE ,DUMA & ALSO ! ATTITUDE ( ! V>I\S CLASSES TO ?IS ACTIVITY PROMPT$ ! 0W> 9DU/RIES SOCIALI/S0 AT ?AT TIME TO ADDRESS A SPECIAL APPEAL TO ! ,DUMA :I* IS HI<LY 9/RUCTIVE3 

,BLANK SPACES HAVE BE5 APPE>+ 9 ! NEWSPAP]S 9 PLACE ( ,DUMA REPORTS = A WEEK N[4 ,GOV]NM5T REPRESSION AGA9/ DEPUTIES' FRE$OM ( SPEE* IS TURN+ ! ,/ATE ,DUMA 9TO A M]E (FICE DIVORC$ FROM ! PEOPLE & R$UC+ ! EFFECT ( ITS WORK TO A M9IMUM4 ,WE CANNOT ALL[ \RSELVES TO BE FLATT]$ BY ! FACT ?AT ONE SECTION MAY /ILL1 DESPITE ! B>BS ( C5SOR%IP1 LE>N ( ! CONT5T ( ! DEPUTIES' SPEE*ES4 ,?AT IS ONLY AN 9SIGNIFICANT P>T ( ! POPULATION4 ,= ! 5ORM\S MAJORITY REMA9 9 COMPLETE IGNORANCE ( :AT ! ,/ATE ,DUMA IS DO+4 ,! C\NTRY CAN FREELY ACQUA9T ITSELF ) ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,DUMA1 EX]T 9FLU5CE UPON IT & MOBILIZE ITS =CES >\ND IT UND] ONE CONDITION ONLY3 ?AT ( FREE & OP5 CIRCULATION ( ! DEPUTIES' SPEE*ES AMONG ! POPULATION AT L>GE4 

,! ORIG9ALLY CONC5TRAT$ ATT5TION PAID BY ! MASS ( ! PUBLIC TO ! ,DUMA :5 !Y F\ND BLANK SPACES 9/EAD ( SPEE*ES 9 ! PRESS WILL GRADUALLY SUBSIDE & BE REPLAC$ BY APA?Y4 ,AN ATMOSPH]E C\LD DEVELOP :I* W\LD BE EXTREMELY DANG]\S = ! 9T]E/S ( ! C\NTRY & ALL ITS PROGRESSIVE =CES & EXTREMELY FAVORABLE TO REACTION & ITS S*EMES4 

,9 VIEW ( ! A=ESAID1 ! WORK]S' REPRES5TATIVES 9 ! ,C5TRAL & ,PETROGRAD ,>EA ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES CONSID] CONT9U$ WORK BY ! ,DUMA UND] SU* CONDITIONS TO BE IMP]MISSIBLE4 ,TO CONT9UE ,DUMA ACTIVITY 9 SU* CONDITIONS IS NOT ONLY 9COMPATIBLE ) ! DIGNITY ( A REPRES5TATIVE 9/ITUTION BUT ALSO HI<LY DAMAG+ & DANG]\S1 CREAT+ AN UNDESIRABLE PREC$5T BY PLAC+ A TOOL 9 ! H&S ( REACTION :]EBY IT CAN AT ANY MOM5T TURN ! ,DUMA 9TO A H>MLESS TALK+ %OP4 

,9 MA9TA9+ ?AT ! SITUATION CREAT$1 :I* HAS EFFECTIVELY DE/ROY$ ! ,DUMA AS SU*1 CANNOT BE TOL]AT$ ANY LONG]1 ! WORK]S' REPRES5TATIVES ON ! ,C5TRAL & ,PETROGRAD ,>EA ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES DEM& 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! S5TIM5T ( BROAD LAY]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ?AT ! ,DUMA MAJORITY ADOPT EV]Y POSSIBLE MEANS1 NOT DISC\NT+ ! MO/ EXTREME1 TO ACQUA9T ! POPULATION & ! >MY ) ! WORK ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA BY ! FREE & WIDE CIRCULATION ( ,DUMA REPORTS4 ,:ILE NOT EXPECT+ ANY RESULTS TO COME FROM ITS =MAL QUE/ION TABL$ ON ?IS MATT]1 ! ,/ATE ,DUMA IS H[EV] 9 DUTY B\ND ON ! ONE H& TO REVOKE IMM$IATELY ! REGULATION ON W> C5SOR%IP ISSU$ UND] >TICLE #hg & ON ! O!R TO UND]TAKE ! TASK ( ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE DI/RIBUTION ( ,DUMA SPEE*ES BY RELY+ UPON ! BACK+ ( ! PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS4 

,?IS IS SUPREME OBLIGATION ( ! ,DUMA1 ,)\T ?IS /IPULATION & )\T ! IMM$IATE RE/ORATION ( PUBLIC KN[L$GE ( ITS WORK1 ! ,DUMA WILL 9EVITABLY F9D ITSELF ONCE & = EV] CUT (F FROM ! C\NTRY & DEPRIV$ ( ANY BASIS ON :I* TO FUR!R ITS ACTIVITY4 

,! SOCIAL-PATRIOTS DREW ! 0LESSON0 FROM ! ATTEMPTS BY ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE TO ?REAT5 ! GOV]NM5T 7:ILE AT ! SAME TIME SEEK+ A NEW DEAL ) IT BEH9D ! BACKS ( ! PEOPLE & AT !IR EXP5SE73 ?AT ! CONDITIONS 9 :I* ! GOV]NM5T HAD IMPOS$ ON ! SYCOPHANTIC & PO/UR+ B\RGEOISIE WAS 0EFFECTIVELY DE/ROY+ ! ,DUMA04 ,AS A SOLUTION !Y DEM&$ ?AT ! ,DUMA MAJORITY ADOPT 0EXTREME MEASURES0 444 TO CIRCULATE ! SPEE*ES ( ,MILYUKOV1 ,RODZYANKO1 ,MAKLAKOV1 ,%ULYG9 & O!R SU* H]OES4 

,SU* WAS ! POLICY ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ALL-,RUSSIAN C5T] ( ! 0,W> ,9DU/RIES ,SOCIALI/S04 ,! ATTITUDE ( ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT TO !SE CIRCLES ( SOCIAL-PATRIOTS WAS DI/9CTLY NEGATIVE4 ,! ,M5%EVIKS !MSELVES W]E =C$ TO DISSOCIATE !MSELVES FROM !IR [N *ILDR5 :O HAD 5SCONC$ !MSELVES 9 ! ,W> 

,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES4 ,IT %\LD H[EV] BE BORNE 9 M9D ?AT ONLY A YE> AFT] ! BEG9N+ ( ! ELECTION CAMPAIGN = ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES1 :5 ! SPLIT & NATIONALI/ POISON HAD BE5 9TRODUC$ 9TO WORK+-CLASS RANKS1 ! ,9ITIATIVE ,GR\P ( ,M5%EVIKS R5\NC$ ! DEF5SE ( ITS [N REPRES5TATIVES & ISSU$ ! FOLL[+ APPEAL3 

,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,LABOR ,P>TY 

,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1 ,UNITE6 

,COMRADES1 ! WORLD HAS NEV] BE=E SE5 SU* A HORROR1 SU* SUFF]+S & DE/RUCTION3 ! :OLE AIR IS SATURAT$ ) ! *>R$ & ROTT+ BODIES ( HUMANITY & BLOOD FL[S )\T 5D4 ,& !RE SEEMS TO BE NO SIGN ( A DAWN ?R\< ?IS ?ICK BLOODY MI/4 ,!RE IS ONLY ! FUR!R 9VOLVEM5T ( HI!RTO NEUTRAL C\NTRIES 9 ! BLOODY C>NAGE4 ,RUMANIA HAS N[ BE5 DRAGG$ 9 BY ITS 9T]NATIONAL ADV5TURISM4 ,9/EAD ( BLOOD CIRCULAT+ ?R\< ! VE9S ( MANK9D1 IT IS WAT]+ ! FIELDS & =E/S & TURN+ ! SEAS & RIV]S CRIMSON4 ,TO UNTIE ! KNOT ( ?IS WORLD-WIDE TRAG$Y AT ?IS CRUCIAL HI/ORICAL MOM5T1 IT IS ESS5TIAL TO GA!R TOGE!R ALL ! LIV+ RES\RCES ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM B5EA? ! BANN] ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY2 ! ORGANIZATION ( \R =CES = ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! IMP]IALI/S1 ! PR$ATORS ( HUMAN LIFE1 & ! /RUGGLE = ! SPE$IE/ 5D TO ?IS SLAU<T] IS A VITAL ONE4 

,BUT NOT ALL IS GLOOM4 ,!RE >E BRI<T FEATURES ALSO 9 ! LIFE ( ! PEOPLE ( ! WORLD4 ,WE CAN ALREADY SEE A T9Y /RIP ( LI<T GLEAM+ ON ! HORIZON ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,WE CAN SEE = EXAMPLE ?AT 9 ,G]MANY1 ,BRITA9 & ,FRANCE1 A M9ORITY :I* TAKES ! /&PO9T ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 IS BECOM+ /RONG] & MORE P[]FUL4 ,?AT /RIP ( LI<T IS WID5+ AS ?IS M9ORITY GR[S4 ,& ! DAY IS NOT F> (F :5 ?IS LI<T WILL OV]:ELM ! GLOOM ( CONGEAL$ BLOOD & ILLUM9E ! M9DS & ?\<TS ( ! SOCIAL-NATIONALI/S4 ,BUT ?IS LI<T ?AT WILL BE> ) IT JOYFUL TID+S = ! WORLD HAS NOT AS YET P]TURB$ \R DEF5SI/ COMMITTEE-M54 ,UND] ! BANN] ( AN 9DEP5D5T NATIONAL SOCIALISM !Y >E CONT9U+ AS BE=E TO DO DE$S ?AT >E DE/ROY+ 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY4 

,COMRADES6 ,Y\ WILL REMEMB] ?AT :5 WE ,PETROGRAD WORK]S S5T !M 9TO ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES1 WE GAVE !M A M&ATE 9 :I* !Y W]E EMP[]$ TO DEM& ! CALL+ ( AN ALL-,RUSSIAN WORK]S' CONGRESS AT :I* \R ATTITUDE TO ! CURR5T SITUATION & TO ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES W\LD BE SET \T4 ,WE CONSID]$ !IR T]M ( (FICE TO BE TEMPOR>Y & 9 NO WAY AU?ORIZ$ !M TO SPEAK 9 ! NAME ( ! 5TIRE ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT4 ,WE GRANT$ !M ONLY A PROVISIONAL M&ATE & /AT$ QUITE CATEGORICALLY ?AT WE W]E ! MO/ F]V5T OPPON5TS ( ! W> & /& = ITS IMM$IATE T]M9ATION4 

,BUT !Y =GOT ?AT6 ,!Y =GOT ?AT ! ,PETROGRAD PROLET>IAT HAD 9 NO WAY AU?ORIZ$ !M TO SPEAK ON !IR BEHALF OV] ! HEADS ( ! ELECTORS ! LANGUAGE ( NATIONAL SOCIALISM & ! LANGUAGE ( DEF5SISM4 ,!Y 0OV]LOOK$0 ! FACT ?AT ONE P>TICUL> POLITICAL GR\P1 AL?\< COV]+ ITSELF ) ! BANN] ( ! !N UNIT$ ,M5%EVISM1 TOGE!R ) ITS ELECTORS DID NOT = ONE MOM5T ADOPT ! /&PO9T ( DEF5SE BUT REPEAT$LY DEM&$ ?AT ! M&ATE BE FULFILL$4 

,US+ ! COV] ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( CALL+ AN ALL-CITY MEET+ ( ELECTORS & CONF]R+ 9CID5TALLY & ONLY N[ & AGA9 ) 9DIVIDUAL REPRES5TATIVES ( ! COLLEGE1 !Y KEPT REPEAT+ & GO ON BL&LY REPEAT+3 0,WE >E C>RY+ \T ! WI%ES ( ! PROLET>IAT :I* S5T US H]E40 ,!Y >E ?US BLASPHEM\SLY COV]+ !IR ANTI-LABOR POLICY ) ! NAME ( ! BROAD MASSES1 9/EAD ( A CONT9UAL EMPHASIS ON ! NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TO ! W> ADOPT$ BY ! BROAD MASSES & !IR ADVANC$ ELEM5TS1 !Y 0PR\DLY0 UPHOLD ! BANN] ( IMP]IALISM1 ! BANN] ( DEF5SE1 ! WILL & DESIRES ( ! PROLET>IAT NOT)/&+4 ,!Y >E !REBY 9TRODUC+ DISRUPTION 9TO ! WORK]S' RANKS4 ,:ILE ! BANN] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! BANN] ( 9T]NATIONAL CLASS SOLID>ITY1 HAS BE5 SURR5D]$ BY !M TO ,GU*KOV = ! >*IVES AS AN \T-(-DATE & WOR?LESS RAG4 

,MORE ?AN ?AT1 COMRADES6 ,!Y >E FL\T+ ! DECISIONS ( ,ZIMM]WALD & ,KI5?AL & WILL NOT RECOGNIZE \R [N COMRADES :O >E /RIV+ TO RESURRECT ! 9T]NATIONAL CLASS ASSOCIATION4 ,!Y >E DREAM+ AL\D ( RECALL+ ,M>TOV & ,AXELROD4 ,9 R5\NC+ !SE DECISIONS1 !Y >E R5\NC+ ! NECESSITY = A /RUGGLE TO A*IEVE A PEACE4 ,ORGANIZ$ ,M5%EVIKS :O TAKE ! /& ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL HAVE !RE=E DISCUSS$ ! QUE/ION ( \R PRES5T ATTITUDE TO ! GR\P 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE 9 ALL ! DI/RICTS & AT AN ALL-CITY MEET+ & RESOLV$ BY AN OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( VOTES TO RECALL ! ,LABOR ,GR\P ( ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE4 ,9 BR++ ALL ! A=ESAID TO ! NOTICE ( ! BROAD MASSES1 WE DECL>E ?AT ! ,LABOR ,GR\P ( ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE HAS NOT TO ?IS DAY HE$$ ! VOICE ( ORGANIZ$ WORK]S & ?AT ?AT VOICE HAS REMA9$ BUT A HOLL[ S\ND = ! COMMITTEE-M54 

,WE !RE=E /ATE3 #a7 ,WE R5\NCE ANY RESPONSIBILITY = ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,LABOR ,GR\P ( ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE2 #b7 ,WE %ALL NOT 5T] 9TO ANY AGREEM5TS ) !M ON MATT]S ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T2 #c7 ,WE DECL>E ! GR\P TO BE ! 9/IGATORS ( A NEW SPLIT4 

,! ,PET]SBURG ,9ITIATIVE ,GR\P 

,WORK]S AT MANY PLANTS & FACTORIES C>RI$ RESOLUTIONS = ! RECALL ( !IR REPRES5TATIVES FROM ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES4 ,PROTE/S W]E PASS$ AGA9/ !IR SPECULATIVE PLAY ON ! NAME ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ! WORK]S' M&ATE4 ,! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT HAD NEV]1 9 ITS REVOLUTION>Y MAJORITY1 SUPPORT$ ! 0,LABOR ,GR\P04 ,! WORK]S' NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TO ! 0W> 9DU/RIES SOCIALI/S0 F\ND E*O 9 EV5 ! COMMITTEE'S [N PUBLICATIONS4 ,?US1 9 ,BYULLET5 ,RABO*EI ,GRUPPY NO4 #d1 WE F9D ! FOLL[+3 

,! ,LABOR ,GR\P MU/ /RESS ?AT ! DEM&S = ! ,GR\P TO WALK \T ( ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE EMANATE EXCLUSIVELY FROM COMRADES :O REJECT A DEF5SE /&PO9T4 ,WE MU/ !RE=E REJECT ! DEM& = A WALK-\T AS ONE ( ! FACTS ( ! UNCEAS+ /RUGGLE ( ! TWO IDEOLOGICAL CURR5TS 9 ,RUSSIA'S WORK+ CLASS4 ,! ,LABOR ,GR\P HAS S]I\S GR\NDS = REFUS+ TO WALK \T IF ONLY FROM CONSID]ATIONS ( PR9CIPLE4 ,A LEGITIMATE \TCOME TO ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! TWO VIEWPO9TS CANNOT 9 ANY EV5T BE A*IEV$ BY A =MAL REMOVAL ( ONE ( ! P>TIES FROM ! BASE :OSE VIEWS IT IS IMPLEM5T+ 9 PRACTICE4 ,ONE OR O!R VIEWPO9T WILL NOT TRIUMPH AS A RESULT ( :E!R ! ,GR\P LEAVES ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE OR /AYS 9 IT4 ,! ONLY DIFF]5CE WILL ,HE 9 ! FACT ?AT ! ORGANIZATIONAL SOIL PROVID$ BY /AY+ 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE WILL DISAPPE> FROM B5EA? ! FEET ( A P>TICUL> SECTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,LEAV+ TO ONE SIDE ! >GUM5T OV] PR9CIPLES1 IT IS ALSO NECESS>Y TO TAKE ACC\NT ( ! VALUE ( ! PRACTICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL WORK1 A P>T ( :I* IS REPORT$ ON 9 ! CURR5T ,BYULLET54 ,ONLY IF ! IDEOLOGICAL DISPUTE 5DS ) ! VICTORY ( ! OPPON5TS ( ! ,LABOR ,GR\P'S POSITION1 WILL WE BE ABLE TO SAY ?AT ! PRICE ( EV5 ?IS GREAT PRACTICAL WORK CANNOT COMP5SATE = ! VIOLATION ( PR9CIPLES4 ,BUT ! >GUM5T HAS NOT YET REA*$ ?IS /AGE & !RE=E TO W9D UP PRACTICAL WORK 9 ! NAME ( PURITY ( PR9CIPLES :OSE CORRECTNESS HAS YET TO BE DEMON/RAT$ W\LD BE AN ACT UNHE>D ( 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 

,! ,LABOR ,GR\P MU/ EMPHASIZE ?AT ! DEM&S = ITS DEP>TURE ORIG9ATE FROM LIMIT$ CIRCLES 9 ! WORK+ CLASS & IT CANNOT GIVE !M MORE CONSID]ATION ?AN DEM&S FROM A NUMB] ( O!R WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS :I* >E GIV+ EV] CLOS] SUPPORT TO ! ,LABOR ,GR\P1 TAK+ P>T 9 ITS WORK & SUPPORT+ IT ORGANIZATIONALLY & IDEOLOGICALLY4 ,EV5 DISC\NT+ ! IMPORTANT FACTOR ?AT ! DEM& = A WALK\T HAS BE5 PRES5T$ BY GR\PS :I* DIFF] FROM ! ,LABOR ,GR\P OV] ITS BASIC POSITION ON ! QUE/ION ( W> & PEACE1 AGREE+ TO LEAVE \R PO/S W\LD /ILL MEAN A %>P BREAK FROM ! NUM]\S COMRADES SCATT]$ ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA :O REG>D ! ,LABOR ,GR\P AS A VITAL & EXTREMELY VALUABLE 9/RUM5T 9 ! H&S ( ,RUSSIA'S WORK+ CLASS4 ,TO AGREE TO ! PROPOSAL ( ! RECALLI/S W\LD MEAN HEAD+ = AN OP5 BREAK ) SEV]AL DOZ5 WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 PROM95T LEAD]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ALL ! 9T]NATIONAL TRADITION ( MOD]N DEMOCRACY4 ,WE CANNOT MAKE A BREAK FROM BROAD CIRCLES ( \R IDEOLOGICAL SYMPA?IZ]S JU/ TO MEET ! DEM&S ( A SMALL NUMB] ( IDEOLOGICAL OPPON5TS4 

,SU* 9 BROAD T]MS IS ! PURELY PRACTICAL /&PO9T ( ! ,GR\P ON ! QUE/ION ( ITS RECALL4 ,9 CONCLUSION IT %\LD M]ELY BE NOT$ ?AT ! /RUGGLE BY C]TA9 ELEM5TS AGA9/ ! ,LABOR ,GR\P HAS 9 REC5T DAYS ASSUM$ AN EXTREMELY ACRIMONI\S NATURE ?AT 5TIRELY EXCLUDES ! POSSIBILITY ( A COMRADELY PACT4 ,LEAFLETS HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 :I* ! ,LABOR ,GR\P IS PORTRAY$ AS A BLOODSUCK] SUCK+ ! BLOOD ( ! WORK+ CLASS & SO ON4 ,A NUMB] ( :OLLY FICTITI\S DO+S HAVE BE5 ATTRIBUT$ TO ! ,GR\P & TO ADVANCE ! AIMS ( A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,GR\P1 DI/ORT$ ACC\NTS BY NEWSPAP] REPORT]S1 REFUT$ AT ! TIME1 HAVE BE5 PUT 9TO S]VICE4 ,! ,GR\P HAS H]E TO NOTE ?AT IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO F9D TIME TO DEAL ) ALL !SE DI/ORTIONS & ?AT IT HAS NOT ALWAYS BE5 POSSIBLE TO REFUTE !M = REASONS ( C5SOR%IP AS !SE NEWSPAP] 9V5TIONS >E UTT]LY & COMPLETELY COMPOS$ 9 HI<LY PATRIOTIC T]MS SO ?AT ANY REFUTATION WILL NATURALLY BE REG>D$ AS 0TREA*]\S CONDUCT04 

,! ROLE ( 0LEAD] ( ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT0 WAS NOT BE+ FULFILL$ BY ! SOCIAL-PATRIOTS4 ,ALL ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE'S HOPES = WORK]S' SUPPORT = ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC'S 0P>LIAM5T>Y0 /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T W]E DA%$ AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASS RESOLVE ( ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT4 

,AS WE HAVE SAID ABOVE1 ! GOV]NM5T RESPOND$ TO ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC'S BEHAVIOR 9 ! ,DUMA ) A TI<T5+ ( MILIT>Y C5SOR%IP ( ,DUMA SPEE*ES4 ,ON #a ,NOVEMB] ! *AIRMAN ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,M9I/]S1 ,/URM]1 WAS REPLAC$ BY ,TREPOV4 ,! ,DUMA SITT+ WAS PUT (F TILL #ai ,NOVEMB]4 ,A 0DECL>ATION0 WAS AWAIT$ FROM ! NEW *AIRMAN ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,M9I/]S4 ,! 9T]VAL WAS TO BE EXPLA9$ BY ! NE$ = TIME TO PREP>E ,TREPOV = ! ROLE4 

,9 SPITE ( RUMORS ?AT SPREAD >\ND ,PET]SBURG AB\T A FUR!R PO/PONEM5T ( ! CONV5+ ( ! ,DUMA1 ! SITT+ WAS RESUM$ ON ! DATE SET BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,TREPOV1 ! NEW *AIRMAN ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,M9I/]S1 MADE A /ATEM5T ON ! OP5+ DAY4 ,! APPE>ANCE ( ! REPRES5TATIVE ( ! 0R5EW$ GOV]NM5T0 WAS GREET$ BY A HO/ILE DEMON/RATION BY ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & ,TRUDOVIKS4 ,:5 ,TREPOV ATTEMPT$ TO READ \T HIS DECL>ATION1 HIS VOICE WAS DR[N$ BY NOISE & %\TS ( 0D[N60 ,SU* A WELCOME HAD NOT =M$ P>T ( ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC PROGRAM1 & ! ,DUMA LEFT F\ND ITSELF ON ITS [N4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! ,DUMA BLOC HAD BY N[ WE>I$ ( ! BREAK ) ! GOV]NM5T & SAW !IR 0TRIUMPH0 9 ! REPLACEM5T ( ,/UNN] BY ,TREPOV1 & DID NOT WI% TO CREATE ANY ANIMOSITY4 ,! PROGRESSIVE BLOC N[ F\ND A CONV5I5T OPPORTUNITY TO DISSOCIATE !MSELVES FROM ! LEFT & ! ,DUMA PRESID5T1 ,RODZYANKO1 PROPOS$ TO PUNI% ! DEMON/RATORS BY SUSP5SION FROM EI<T SITT+S4 ,! MOTION WAS ADOPT$4 ,F\R DEPUTIES1 ,*KHEIDZE1 ,K]5SKY1 ,SKOBELEV & ,KHAU/OV1 W]E SUSP5D$4 ,! SUSP5D$ MEMB]S W]E1 9 ACCORDANCE ) /&+ ORD]S1 ALL[$ TO SPEAK 9 !IR [N DEF5SE4 

,! SUSP5SION ( ! LEFT SECTION ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA MEMB]S GAVE RISE TO A S]IES ( PROTE/S4 ,NO CAMPAIGN WAS H[EV] UND]TAK5 AMONG WORK]S 9 ! FACTORIES ON ?IS OCCASION4 ,?IS 9DICAT$ TO ! DEPUTIES & DEF5SI/ ORGANIZATIONS CLOSELY L9K$ ) !M ?AT !Y HAD NO BASE ( SUPPORT 9 ! MASS ( ! WORK]S1 EV5 LESS 9 ! ?ICK ( ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT - 9 FACT !Y HAD NEV] S\<T SU* A ?+1 ALWAYS PREF]R+ ! P>LIAM5T>Y GAME4 ,CONC5TRAT+ 5]GIES & ATT5TIONS >\ND ! ,DUMA WAS MOREOV] NOT ONE ( \R TASKS4 ,! SUSP5SION WAS A V]Y CONV5I5T GAUGE ( ! FALSITY ( ! TACIT AGREEM5T FIX$ UP BETWE5 ! ,M5%EVIKS & ,N>ODNIKS ON ! ONE H& & ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC ON ! O!R4 ,= A :ILE ! 9CID5T DID COOL ! DEF5SI/ >DOR ( ,DUMA 0SUPPORT01 & ! LESSON TAU<T !M BY ! B\RGEOISIE WAS MO/ 9/RUCTIVE4 
  

,FROM ! ,ACTIVITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY 7,BOL%EVIKS7 

,9 SPITE ( TELL+ BL[S DEALT TO \R UND]GR\ND ORGANIZATION BY 9DIVIDUAL & MASS >RE/S1 EXILE TO ,SIB]IA & PO/+S TO FRONT-L9E POSITIONS1 ! WORK ( \R ORGANIZATIONS DID NOT EBB & BY ! 5D ( #aiaf !IR OV]ALL EXPANSION C\LD BE OBS]V$4 ,ONCE FRE$ FROM W> HY/]IA & ALSO FROM ! APA?Y & PESSIMISM BR\<T ON BY ! W>1 MANY NEW =CES W]E DRIV5 T[>DS US & SEV]AL :O HAD LEFT P>TY WORK DUR+ ! W> RETURN$ TO ! BOSOM ( ! P>TY4 

,! /RONGE/ ORGANIZATION WE HAD WAS ! ,PET]SBURG ONE4 ,?R\<\T ! W> ! ,MOSC[ ORGANIZATION SUFF]$ FROM ! LACK ( A G5]AL LEAD+ ORGANIZATIONAL C5T]4 ,! CAUSE ( ?IS WAS ! ESPIONAGE ( ! ,MOSC[ BRAN* ( ! SECURITY POLICE 7,OKHRANA7 & ESPECIALLY BY ITS SO-CALL$ 09N] LI<T04 ,MOSC[ COMRADES UND]/OOD ?IS P]FECTLY & HAD !IR SUSPICIONS AB\T ONE OR TWO PEOPLE1 BUT W]E NEV]!LESS UNABLE TO GET ! ORGANIZATION E/ABLI%$4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU !N DIRECT+ ALL-,RUSSIAN WORK HAD TO RESORT TO =M+ SU* AN ORGANIZ+ C5T] FROM ! TOP D[NW>D BY MEANS ( APPO9TM5TS MADE 9 CONSULTATION ) ,MOSC[ P>TY WORK]S1 & CREAT$ A ,REGIONAL ,BUREAU ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P7,B74 

,! CONTACTS ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU ) ITS SEAT 9 ,PET]SBURG & ITS CLOSE L9K ) ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE W]E EXP&+ GREATLY4 ,CONTACTS W]E E/ABLI%$ ON ! >RIVAL ( WORK]S FROM ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S & BY TRIPS MADE BY \R REPRES5TATIVES TO ! LOCALITIES4 ,LACK ( F9ANCIAL RES\RCES DID NOT P]MIT US TO SUPPORT ! ORGANIZATIONS & WE (T5 HAD TO RELY SOLELY UPON ! OCCASIONAL TRIP OR *ANCE VISIT4 ,WE W\LD RECEIVE NOT ONLY SIMPLE REPORTS ON ! WORK ( ! ORGANIZATIONS BUT ALSO MAT]IAL EVID5CE 9 ! %APE ( LEAFLETS PRODUC$ BY ! MO/ DIV]SE MEANS4 

,9 ,NOVEMB] ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU RECEIV$ ! REPORTS FROM ! >EAS4 ,= CONSPIRATORIAL REASONS1 ! CITIES S5D+ 9 9=MATION W]E PROTECT$ B5EA? MORE G5]AL TITLES4 

,A PROV9CIAL CAPITAL 9 ! C5TRAL 9DU/RIAL DI/RICT 7,TV]74 ,A CITY COMMITTEE WAS ELECT$ AS E>LY AS ! AUTUMN MEET+ ( LOCAL P>TY WORK]S 9 #a#i#a#e1 BUT IT WAS ONLY ABLE TO RESUME ACTIVE WORK 9 ,M>* #aiaf :5 A GR\P ( NEW P>TY WORK]S >RIV$ TO ASSI/ ! AIL+ COMMITTEE4 ,DISCUSSION-GR\P ACTIVITY WAS PROMPTLY SET 9 MOTION BUT !RE WAS NO CO-ORD9ATION 9 ! WORK = ! LACK ( A C5T]4 ,! COMMITTEE DID NOT DISB& BUT DID NO?+4 ,! /RIKES :I* BROKE \T 9 ! SECOND HALF ( ,APRIL 5D$ 9 A VICTORY = ! WORK]S AT TWO UND]TAK+S4 ,! /RIKE MOVEM5T 5D$ AT ! 5D ( ,MAY ) ! R\T ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,OV] ?AT P]IOD ! ORGANIZATION HAD MANAG$ TO ISSUE ?REE LEAFLETS ON ! W>1 ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES & ,MAY ,DAY4 ,WORK WAS RESUM$ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,JUNE4 ,A NEW C5T] WAS =M$2 A PLAN ( WORK WAS DRAWN UP 7! MA9 PO9T LAY 9 /EPP+ UP AGITATION74 ,WORK WAS MADE H>D] BY ! FACT ?AT NO PEOPLE REMA9$ AT ! C5T] :O W]E RI* 9 KN[L$GE & EXP]I5CE4 ,DISCUSSION-GR\P WORK HAD NOT CEAS$ EV5 BY ,SEPTEMB] 444 

,A CITY ON ! ,VOLGA 7,NIZHNI-,NOVGOROD74 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] #aiaf WE EV5TUALLY MANAG$ TO ORGANIZE A CITY COMMITTEE4 ,!RE >E TWO DI/RICT COMMITTEES3 ONE = ! \TSKIRTS & ONE 9 ! MA9 FACTORY DI/RICT 7,SORMOVO74 ,!RE >E N[ F\R CIRCLES ACTIVE 9 ! \TSKIRTS4 ,9 ! FACTORY DI/RICT !RE >E F\RTE52 ! ORGANIZATION ?US AM\NTS TO #ae TO #b MEMB]S 7?OSE PAY+ DUES ON ! BASIS ( AT LEA/ ONE P] C5T ( !IR E>N+S >E CONSID]$ TO BE MEMB]S74 ,! RES\RCES ( ! ORGANIZATION >E APPORTION$ = ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! DI/RICTS1 LIT]ATURE & ! ALL-CITY COMMITTEE1 ) T5 P] C5T BE+ ALLOCAT$ TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU HAS BE5 S5T AN ADVANCE ( #be RUBLES TO COV] ILLEGAL LIT]ATURE4 ,!RE IS A DREADFUL %ORTAGE ( LIT]ATURE4 ,AS YET WE HAVE NOT HAD MANY ISSUES ( ! C5TRAL ORGAN4 ,! PAMPHLETS ,ON ! ,W> & ,ON ! ,HI< ,CO/ ( ,LIV+ COME ONLY 9 S+LE COPIES & ?OSE >E H>D TO GET HOLD (4 ,WE HAV5'T EV5 SE5 ,KOMMUNI/4 ,ALL ! WORK 9 ! ORGANIZATION1 9CLUD+ PURELY PROPAG&A WORK 7!RE EXI/S A COLLEGE ( PROPAG&I/S ( SIX MEMB]S71 IS AT PRES5T BE+ UND]TAK5 EXCLUSIVELY BY WORK]S4 ,! MA9 %ORTCOM+ ( ! ORGANIZATION IS ! ALMO/ TOTAL LACK ( !ORETICALLY KN[L$GEABLE & EXP]I5C$ PEOPLE4 ,! LOCAL 9TELLECTUAL =CES DO NOT TAKE CLOSE P>T 9 ! WORK = A V>IETY ( REASONS4 ,GIV5 ! PRES5CE ( A FEW EXP]I5C$ PROPAG&I/S & ALSO LIT]ATURE1 WORK C\LD BE EXP&$ MORE WIDELY4 ,! APPEAL ( ! ORGANIZATION HAS BE5 V]Y GREAT4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME A REORGANIZATION 9 ! FACTORY DI/RICT IS BE+ C>RI$ \T BY ! COMMITTEE4 ,IT IS PROPOS$ TO SPLIT 9TO TWO4 ,DEEP DISCONT5T ) ! CURR5T /ATE ( AFFAIRS ) ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+ IS M\NT+ 9 ! FACTORY DI/RICT3 A NEW /RUGGLE = WAGE RISES LIES AHEAD4 7,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU HAS ALREADY BE5 NOTIFI$ AB\T ! SUMM] /RIKE74 ,=ESEE+ ! POSSIBILITY ( A /RIKE1 ! LIQUIDATORS & DEF5SI/S HAVE TAK5 /EPS TO AV]T IT4 ,!Y HAVE />T$ IMPLEM5T+ !IR ,GU*KOVIAN IDEAS AB\T CONCILIATION C\RTS & HAVE PROPOS$ ?AT WORK]S =M JO9T COMMISSIONS ) EMPLOY]S' REPRES5TATIVES TO DEAL ) QUE/IONS ( FOOD SUPPLY & WAGES4 ,!SE COMMISSIONS HAVE N[ BE5 SET UP4 ,\R ORGANIZATION PROV$ UNABLE TO OP5 WORK]S' EYES TO ! TRUE NATURE ( !SE EMPLOY]S' COMMISSIONS 9 GOOD 5\< TIME & WORK]S TOOK ! BAIT4 ,N[ !Y >E AWAIT+ ! \TCOME ( !SE COMMISSIONS4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 NO RESULTS SO F>4 ,BUT TO A QUE/ION ( A WAGE RISE ! MANAG] ANSW]$ ) A CATEGORICAL REFUSAL4 ,! MATT] WILL NOT !RE=E BE SETTL$ )\T A /RIKE4 ,! CITY COMMITTEE PUT \T 9 ! MIDDLE ( ,NOVEMB] A HECTOGRAPH$ PROCLAMATION ON ! FOOD CRISIS 9 :I* ! L9K BETWE5 ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+ & ! FOOD CRISIS & ! W> IS BR\<T \T & A CALL = A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! W> & ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T MADE4 ,A COPY HAS BE5 S5T TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 ,AL?\< ! LIQUIDATORS ALONG ) ! EMPLOY]S HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 DUP+ WORK]S OV] ! BUS9ESS ( ! COMMISSIONS1 !IR 9FLU5CE IS PRETTY SLI<T4 ,?US1 ! PROPOSAL BY ! ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,GR\P ( ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES ?AT !Y CONTRIBUTE 9=MATION ON ! WORK]S' SITUATION & SO ON 5C\NT]$ A %>P REBUTTAL FROM ! LATT]4 ,! WORK]S /AT$ ?AT !Y DID NOT REG>D ! GR\P AS REPRES5TATIVE ( WORK]S & !RE=E REFUS$ TO HAVE ANY DEAL+S ) IT1 ,>\ND ! PLANTS1 SIGNATURES >E CURR5TLY BE+ COLLECT$ B5EA? ! /ATEM5T 9 SUPPORT ( ITS AIM4 ,A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] HAVE BE5 ALREADY GA!R$4 ,! %EETS >E /ILL GO+ R\ND ! PLANTS4 ,MANY >E N[ SIGN+ !M :O HAD E>LI] DECL>$ !MSELVES 9 FAVOR ( P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES1 

,KAZAN1 #e ,NOVEMB] #a#i#a#f4 ,!RE HAS BE5 A /UD5T DEMON/RATION4 ,TO />T )1 A MEET+ WAS HELD 9 ! UNIV]SITY LOBBY :]E SPEAK]S GOT UP TO CRITICIZE ! GOV]NM5T & MAKE SPEE*ES ON ! W>4 ,A RESOLUTION AGA9/ ! W> WAS C>RI$ DEM&+ PEACE & ADVANC+ ! SLOGAN ( REVOLUTION4 ,AFT] ! MEET+ A CR[D ( SOME #h TO #a1 PEOPLE W5T ON TO ! /REETS &1 S++ REVOLUTION>Y SONGS1 HEAD$ = ! PRISON :]E MORE SPEE*ES W]E MADE2 AFT]W>DS1 ON ! WAY TO ,!AT] ,SQU>E ! CR[D GRADUALLY BROKE UP4 ,! POLICE DID NOT 9T]V5E4 ,! DEMON/RATION LA/$ AB\T AN H\R & A HALF4 

,KH>KOV4 ,! ORGANIZATION NUMB]S SOME #ab MEMB]S PAY+ DUES REGUL>LY4 ,AMONG Y\NG ,LATVIAN ,BOL%EVIKS !RE IS A T5D5CY TO WORK TOGE!R ) ! ,RUSSIANS & NOT 9 ISOLATION 9 ! WAY EVID5T AMONG MEMB]S ( ,LATVIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 ! MAJORITY ( :OM WORK SEP>ATELY FROM ! ,RUSSIANS4 ,?IS IS TO BE WELCOM$4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] ,KH>KOV WORK]S SUFF]$ SOME CASUALTIES FROM ! COLLAPSE ( ! /RIKE AT ! ,UNION ,G5]AL ,ELECTRIC ,COMPANY WORKS4 

,AFT] /AY+ \T TWO WEEKS1 ! WORK]S W5T BACK FOLL[+ NUM]\S >RE/S4 ,S9CE ,SEPTEMB] ! IDEA ( PUBLI%+ AN ILLEGAL NEWSPAP] HAS BE5 MOOT$4 ,! ,KH>KOV ORGANIZATION HAS N[ SUCCE$$ 9 PRODUC+ ! FIR/ ISSUE ( A HECTOGRAPH$ PAP]3 ,GOLOS ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRATA4 ,! NEWSPAP] WILL COME \T WEEKLY4 ,!Y HAVE 9 M9D TO PUBLI% A J\RNAL ALONGSIDE ?IS AS SOON AS ! EQUIPM5T CAN BE/ BE SET UP4 ,BUT = ! TIME BE+ !Y >E ONLY ABLE TO PRODUCE A NEWSPAP] 9 HECTOGRAPH$ =M4 ,9 REVIEW+ !SE LA/ TWO MON?S IT %\LD BE SAID ?AT ! LOCAL ,M5%EVIKS ALWAYS OPPOSE DECID+ ?IS OR ?AT QUE/ION AT BROAD MEET+S PREF]R+ TO SETTLE !M AT GR\P MEET+S AS !Y >E AFRAID ( DEFEAT & >E KE5LY AW>E ( !IR SCANT 9FLU5CE AMONG ! PROLET>IAT4 ,KH>KOV WORK]S HAVE REFUS$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE 9 ! MO/ DECISIVE FA%ION4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( SU* WORK1 \R P>TY HAS BE5 DEPRIV$ ( TWO ACTIVE COMRADES :O SPOKE PUBLICLY AT A MEET+ & W]E >RE/$ ON EXIT4 ,9 ! FIR/ DAYS ( ,NOVEMB] ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE'S ,LABOR ,GR\P OR1 AS !Y >E CALL$ H]E1 ! 0,GVOZDEVITES01 S5T ! FOLL[+ LETT] TO ! MANAGEM5T COMMITTEE ( ! WORK]S' CLUB ) A REQUE/ = A REPLY3 0,H[ MANY >RE/S HAVE TAK5 PLACE DUR+ #a#i#a#f8 ,OV] :AT80 & SO ON4 ,!Y ASK$ = ALL ! MAT]IAL TO BE S5T TO !M4 ,! MANAGEM5T COMMITTEE CONSID]$ ?IS MATT] AT A MEET+2 A PRELIM9>Y QUE/ION WAS PUT TO IT3 DO WE RECOGNIZE ! ,GVOZDEVITES AS REPRES5TATIVES ( ! WORK]S & IS IT DESIRABLE = WORK]S TO HAVE ANY DEAL+S ) !M8 444 ,AB\T =TY PEOPLE W]E PRES5T AT ! MEET+ ( ! MANAGEM5T COMMITTEE4 ,) LONG DEBATES ! MEET+ DRAGG$ ON PA/ MIDNI<T & IT WAS RESOLV$ ?AT AS ,PETROGRAD WORK]S DID NOT RECOGNIZE !M BUT REG>D$ !M AS POLITICAL ADV5TUR]S1 ,KH>KOV WORK]S W\LD = ! SAME REASON NOT WI% TO HAVE ANY COMMON BUS9ESS ) !M & SO IT WAS RESOLV$ NOT TO ANSW] !IR LETT] OR EV5 TO S5D !M ! RESOLUTION LE/ !Y !N CLAIM ?AT ,KH>KOVANS HAD MOM5T>ILY RECOGNIZ$ !M AS REPRES5TATIVES4 

,! /RIKE MOVEM5T 9 ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S & 9 ,PET]SBURG DEVELOP$ 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aiaf ) HI!RTO UNSE5 /R5G?4 ,! BURD5S IMPOS$ BY ! W> C\LD BE KE5LY FELT4 ,! CONDITION ( ! WORK+ CLASS DET]IORAT$ FROM DAY TO DAY4 ,! MOVEM5T :I* HAD ITS ORIG9 9 ! ECONOMIC DEM&S ( ONE OR ANO!R GR\P ( WORK]S W\LD TURN 9TO A POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,! WORK]S' MOOD WAS SO BUOYANT & REVOLUTION>Y ?AT /RIKES >OSE AT ! M]E APPE>ANCE ( A LEAFLET4 ,SOLID>ITY /RIKES W]E P>TICUL>LY WIDESPREAD DUR+ ?AT AUTUMN4 ,NEWS ( A /RUGGLE BY COMRADES HAD ONLY TO REA* WORK]S AT ANO!R FACTORY = ! LATT] TO RU% (F TO MAKE CONTACT & GIVE FIRM BACK+ AT ! NECESS>Y MOM5T4 

,9 ,DECEMB] ,I WROTE A LETT] TO \R ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE :I* WAS BAS$ 9 ,SWITZ]L& & TO ,V4,I4 ,L59 & ,G4,E4 ,Z9OVIEV P]SONALLY4 ,9 ?IS ,I REPORT$ BRIEFLY ON \R WORK & ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,I AM 9CLUD+ IT 9 FULL OMITT+ ONLY ! COD$ SECTION :I* CONCEAL$ ! ILLEGAL ADDRESSES ( ! TIME4 

,PET]SBURG1 

#b ,DECEMB] #aiaf 

,DE> FRI5DS1 

,AT LA/ ,I HAVE A *ANCE TO %>E SOME NEWS & DOCUM5TS ) Y\4 ,I FEEL Y\ WILL BE MOAN+ AB\T ! LONG-/&+ LACK ( NEWS BUT ,I ?9K Y\ WILL HAVE GUESS$ ! REASONS1 :I* >E NOT ( MY WILL+1 NAMELY1 LACK ( P]SONNEL4 ,MY J\RNEY WAS FULL ( UNEXPECT$ ADV5TURES & LA/$ NE>LY ?REE WEEKS BECAUSE ( ?AT4 ,I ONLY GOT H]E AT ! 5D ( ,OCTOB] 7OLD /YLE74 ,I %ALL REPORT ALL ! DETAILS :5 ,I HAVE MORE TIME TO SP>E4 ,I F\ND ALL MY FRI5DS & ACQUA9TANCES 9 F9E FETTLE4 ,H[EV] \R LOSSES />T$ AS E>LY AS #e ,NOVEMB]4 ,?AT DAY & NI<T !RE W]E RAIDS ON ALL ! HOSPITAL FUNDS & A FEW HOSPITAL FUND /AFF W]E >RE/$4 ,ON ! NI<T ( #af ,NOVEMB] MASS SE>*ES W]E MADE ON WORK]S & 9TELLECTUALS ( ALL T5D5CIES BUT ! MAJORITY ( !SE 9DIVIDUALS W]E 0OLD0 ONES1 ALREADY ON ! ,OKHRANA'S BOOKS4 ,ONE MEMB] ( ! WORK]S' GR\P ( ! ,9SURANCE ,C\NCIL1 ,G4,I4 ,OSIPOV1 & ONE OR TWO PEOPLE ATTA*$ TO ! M>XI/ PRESS1 W]E >RE/$4 ,MANY ( MY P]SONAL FRI5DS DISAPPE>$ 9 ?OSE >RE/S4 

,A TOTAL ABS5CE ( PATRIOTIC EUPHORIA IS G5]ALLY DISC]NIBLE 9 ! MOOD ( ! WORK+ MASSES & DEMOCRATS4 ,! HI< CO/ ( LIV+1 ! VICI\S EXPLOITATION & ! B>B>IC POLICY ( ! GOV]NM5T HAVE ALL PROV$ CONV9C+LY TO ! MASSES ! TRUE NATURE ( ! W>4 ,! CRY ( 0W> TILL VICTORY0 REMA9S ! SLOGAN ONLY ( ! W> 9DU/RIES4 ,WORK+ M5 & WOM51 SOLDI]S & ORD9>Y 0RESID5TS0 OP5LY EXPRESS !IR DISSATISFACTION ) ! CONT9UANCE ( ! W>4 0,WILL ALL ?IS SOON 5D80 CAN BE HE>D ABSOLUTELY EV]Y:]E4 ,! WORK]S' MOVEM5T IS M>K$ BY AN UPSURGE ( /RIKES ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 /RIKES 9 ,MOSC[1 ,PET]SBURG1 ! ,DONETS ,BAS9 7,KH>KOV & ,NIKOLAEV71 ,EKAT]9BURG & ,BAKU4 ,Y\ WILL RECEIVE ! DETAILS4 ,?IS SUMM] 9 ,PET]SBURG PASS$ (F AMID A CONSID]ABLE LULL4 ,! HI< CO/ ( LIV+ HAS ASSUM$ CATA/ROPHIC PROPORTIONS4 ,! LACK ( FOOD/UFFS HAS ANG]$ BROAD CIRCLES4 ,PEOPLE HAVE BE5 5TIRELY PREOCCUPI$ ) H[ TO GET HOLD ( ?IS OR ?AT ITEM4 ,!Y HAVE GONE 9 = CO-OP]ATIVES1 BULK PUR*AS+ & SO ON4 ,PRICES HAVE GONE UP FIVE OR T5 TIMES COMP>$ ) LA/ YE>'S4 ,CLO?+ & FOOTWE> >E BECOM+ ALMO/ UNOBTA9ABLE4 ,:AT US$ TO CO/ 7SUITS & SO ON7 ?IRTY TO =TY RUBLES BE=E ! W> N[ CO/S #ae TO #b & SO ON4 ,BY AUTUMN ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS WAS GETT+ EV5 WORSE & !RE W]E DAYS 9 ,SEPTEMB] & ,OCTOB] :5 !RE WAS NO BREAD 9 WORK+-CLASS DI/RICTS4 ,& Y\ NO LONG] NE$ TALK AB\T MEAT4 ,! SAME ?+ IS EVID5T 9 ,MOSC[4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,OCTOB] ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE LAUN*$ A MASS CAMPAIGN = A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 0FOOD SUPPLY0 BREAKD[N BY ORGANIZ+ PROTE/ MEET+S & SO ON4 ,! MEET+S TOOK PLACE >\ND ! PLANTS AMID GREAT SPIRIT BEH9D ! SLOGANS ( 0D[N ) ! W>0 & 0D[N ) ! GOV]NM5T04 ,LEAFLETS HAVE BE5 ISSU$4 ,! APPE>ANCE ( LEAFLETS 9 A PLANT WAS TAK5 BY ! MASS ( WORK]S AS AN 9VITATION TO /RIKE & ?IS RAPIDLY 9VOLV$ ALL ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 DEMON/RATIONS4 ,A /RIKE :I* HAD />T$ ON #ag ,OCTOB] AGA9/ ! WI%ES ( ! ORGANIZATION LA/$ TWO OR ?REE DAYS4 ,DUR+ IT !RE W]E MANY CLA%ES ) ! POLICE4 ,ONE ( !SE %\LD BE TAK5 NOTE ( AS AN 9DICATION ( ! MOOD ( ! MASS ( ! SOLDI]S4 ,! B>RACKS ( ! #a#h#a/ 9FANTRY RES]VE >E SITUAT$ BESIDE ! ,NEW ,LESSN] WORKS4 ,:5 ! /RIKE BEGAN1 POLICE *>G$ 9 TO BREAK UP ! WORK]S :O W]E COM+ \T S++4 ,9 ! CR[D W]E SOLDI]S :OM ! POLICE ?REAT5$ ) ALL SORTS ( REPRISALS4 ,MANY />T$ >GU+2 ! POLICE ATTEMPT$ TO MAKE >RE/S BUT ! CR[D BEAT !M BACK4 ,!RE WAS AT ?AT TIME DRILL+ 9 PROGRESS 9 ! Y>D ( ! #a#h#a/ 9FANTRY RES]VE B>RACKS & ! SOLDI]S !RE1 ATTRACT$ BY ! NOISE1 W5T UP TO ! B>RACK F5CE :]E !Y W]E 9VIT$ BY WORK]S TO HELP !M AGA9/ ! POLICE4 ,! RES]VI/S & Y\NG SOLDI]S QUICKLY RESPOND$ TO ! WORK]S' APPEAL1 KNOCK$ ! F5CE D[N & W5T 9TO ! /REET TO JO9 ! MASS ( PEOPLE & !N />T$ TO ?R[ /ONES AT ! POLICE 7! SOLDI]S HAD NO WEAPONS ) !M74 ,! LATT] FIR$ BACK AS !Y RETREAT$4 ,%ORTLY AFT]W>DS COSSACKS >RIV$1 R++ ! PLANT & PLAC+ S5TRIES ALL R\ND ! B>RACKS4 ,! REGIM5T HAD BE5 PLAC$ UND] >RE/4 

,!N RUMORS SPREAD R\ND ! CITY ?AT MANY SOLDI]S HAD BE5 >RE/$ & W\LD BE GO+ BE=E A DRUMHEAD C\RT-M>TIAL4 ,IT WAS DIFFICULT TO V]IFY !SE RUMORS BUT A C\RT-M>TIAL ( ,BALTIC SAILORS ACCUS$ ( MEMB]%IP ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P7,B7 MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION HAD BE5 FIX$ = ! #bf ,OCTOB]4 ,9 ! DOCK ( ! DI/RICT C\RT-M>TIAL W]E SEV5TE5 PETTY (FIC]S & ?REE CIVILIANS4 ,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE DECID$ TO GIVE SUPPORT TO ! SAILORS & DECL>$ A G5]AL PROTE/ /RIKE = ?AT DAY4 ,TAK+ P>T 9 ! /RIKE W]E #a#a#f1 WORK]S1 ALL $UCATIONAL E/ABLI%M5TS & MANY SMALL WORK%OPS & PR9T%OPS1 ! NUMB] ( :OSE EMPLOYES C\ID NOT BE E/IMAT$4 ,! /RIKE HAD A BIG IMPACT ON ! TRIAL & ! S5T5CES W]E RELATIVELY 0MILD04 ,F\R M5 W]E CONVICT$3 ,T4,I4 ,ULYANTSEV1 AN 5G9E] ON ! CRUIS] ,ROSSIYA1 TO EI<T YE>S' H>D LABOR2 ,I4,D4 ,SLADKOV1 A PETTY (FIC] AT ! ,NAVAL ,>TILL]Y ,S*OOL1 TO SEV5 YE>S2 ,I4,V4 ,BR5D91 A PETTY (FIC] ON ! CRUIS] ,ROSSIYA1 :O RETRACT$ ALL ( HIS TE/IMONY GIV5 AT ! PRELIM9>Y 9VE/IGATION1 TO SEV5 YE>S' H>D LABOR2 & ,I4,N4 ,EGOROV1 A DEPORTEE1 TO F\R YE>S' H>D LABOR4 ,ALL ! DEF5DANTS ACT$ MO/ PROP]LY 9 C\RT4 

,! PROTE/ /RIKE LA/$ BETWE5 ONE & ?REE DAYS & L$ TO REPRESSION4 ,! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,FACTORY & ,PLANT ,[N]S DECID$ TO PUNI% WORK]S ) A LOCK-\T2 MANY PLANTS CLOS$ D[N3 ,]ICSSONS1 ,LESSN]S1 ,R5AULT & O!RS1 = EXAMPLE4 ,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE DECID$ TO />T A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! LOCK-\T BY AGITAT+ = A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,A LEAFLET WAS PUT \T BUT ! EMPLOY]S QUICKLY /EPP$ 9 & ! MILIT>Y AU?ORITIES ORD]$ ! PLANTS TO REOP5 !IR %OPS4 ,?IS WAS EFFECT$ BY #a ,NOVEMB]4 

,! MOOD ( WORK+-CLASS CIRCLES />T$ TO LIV5 UP AFT] ?AT /RIKE4 ,! /RIKE HAD ! B5EFICIAL EFFECT ON ! 0FOOD %ORTAGE03 BREAD1 MEAT & O!R ITEMS BEGAN TO APPE> 9 ABUNDANCE4 

,FOLL[+ !SE & MORE G5]AL EV5TS1 ATT5TION BECAME RIVET$ ON ! ,DUMA 0CIRCUS04 ,! PROGRESSIVE BLOC CAME \T AGA9/ ,/URM]4 ,PUBLICATION ( ! SPEE*ES ( ACCUSATION MADE AT ?REE SITT+S 7#a1 #b & #c ,NOVEMB]71 & ESPECIALLY ! FIR/1 WAS PROHIBIT$1 BUT !Y W]E WIDELY DI/RIBUT$ >\ND ,PET]SBURG 9 MANUSCRIPT4 ,MANY BELIEV$ 9 ! S9C]ITY ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA MAJORITY'S /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T1 AT :OSE HEAD M>*$ ! ,CADETS ( #a ,NOVEMB]4 

,BUT REALITY WAS SOON TO EXPOSE ! ,CADETS' 9CONSI/5CY1 = !IR WORDS ( OPPOSITION LITTLE MAT*$ !IR FAWN+ DE$S & ! BACK/AGE GAMES !Y >E UP TO4 

,! ,CADET ACCOMPANI/S ( \R TIME1 ! ,GVOZDEVITES1 HAVE ALREADY BEGUN !IR AGITATION = SUPPORT = ! ,/ATE ,DUMA & ITS DEM&S4 ,A SPECIAL RESOLUTION HAS BE5 DRAFT$ :I* DEM&S A 0GOV]NM5T ( NATIONAL SALVATION04 ,IT WAS C>RI$ AT A SMALL NUMB] ( PLANTS & DELIV]$ BY A 0DEPUTATION0 TO ,RODZYANKO4 

,A C\PLE ( DAYS LAT] ! MAJORITY ( ! BLOC EJECT$ !IR PREVI\S & CURR5T FRI5DS1 ! FACTIONS ( ,*KHEIDZE & ! ,TRUDOVIKS1 FROM ! ,DUMA4 ,! POOR ,GU*KOVITE BOYS W]E MO/ DEMORALIZ$ AT SU* A TURN BY ! 0SAVIORS ( ! NATION0 & />T$ TO AGITATE AGA9/ ! BLOC :ILE /ILL 0SUPPORT+ IT04 

,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE IS CIRCULAT+ ITS [N RESOLUTION ON ITS ATTITUDE TO ! ,DUMA >\ND ! PLANTS4 ,! CAB9ET RE%UFFLES & ,/UNN]'S REPLACEM5T BY ,TREPOV >E CONSID]$ BY ! ,CADETS TO BE A 0GREAT0 VICTORY4 ,?IS ALREADY SATISFIES A CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( ! BLOC & IT IS /RIV+ T[>DS 0JO9T0 WORK ) ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,CADET P>TY AT ITS [N MEET+ DECID$ TO MA9TA9 A HYPOCRITICAL TACTIC3 NOT TO COMPROMISE 9 WORDS & SAY ?AT 0NO?+ HAS *ANG$0 BUT = ! SAKE ( 0PRES]V+ ! UNITY0 ( ! BLOC TO WORK 9 PRACTICE ) ! GOV]NM5T4 ,9 RELATION TO !M1 \R ORGANIZATIONS >E MA9TA9+ ! OLD TACTIC ( EXPOS+ ! FALSEHOOD ( ,CADET LIB]ALISM4 

,LOCAL P>TY WORK]S HAVE PROMIS$ TO SUPPLY MORE DETAIL$ ACC\NTS ( ! /ATE ( ! WORK & ! LIFE ( ! ORGANIZATIONS & ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,H]E WORK HAS BE5 SET UP FAIRLY WELL BUT WE DO EXP]I5CE A %ORTAGE ( P]SONNEL4 ,\R MUTUAL RELATIONS >E ( ! V]Y BE/ & MO/ COMRADELY4 ,I GO TO MEET+S ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMISSION EV]Y WEEK & SOMETIMES MEET !M MORE (T54 ,I HAVE MADE REPORTS & !RE HAVE BE5 DISCUSSIONS4 ,!RE >E COMRADES :O >E WAV]+ ON ! QUE/ION ( ! 0RI<T ( NATIONS0 TO SELF-DET]M9ATION & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE4 ,JU/IFI$ CRITICISMS AB\T ! LACK ( LEAD+ >TICLES >E BE+ S5T TO ! C5TRAL ORGAN4 ,!SE DEM& ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE REPRES5TATIVES 9 ! ,ZIMM]WALD GR\P+S BE MORE SPECIFIC4 ,WE HAVE HAD ALL ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS H]E S9CE ! ,SEPTEMB] ONES 444 ,! ,W> & ! ,CO/ ( ,LIV+ HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 FIVE ?\S& COPIES4 ,IT HAS BECOME MO/ DIFFICULT = ME AS ,I HAVE BE5 OBLIG$ TO TURN MY H& TO EV]Y?+3 WRIT+ >TICLES1 ORGANIZ+1 LIAIS+ ) PEOPLE1 PREP>+ REPORTS & ATT5D+ COMMITTEE MEET+S4 ,I LIVE BETWE5 ! E>? & ! SKY4 ,I LIVE ON ! MOVE4 ,LIT]ATURE & PEOPLE >E DEM&$ FROM ALL SIDES & ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE IS MOAN$ AT4 ,! IDEA ( ! NE$ = AN ALL-,RUSSIAN CONF]5CE CROPS UP MORE & MORE (T54 ,BE> ?IS 9 M9D & PREP>E REPORTS & RESOLUTIONS ON ! CURR5T SITUATION4 

#h ,DECEMB]3 ,=GIVE ! PAT*WORK /YLE ( MY LETT]1 DE> FRI5DS4 ,I HAVE RECEIV$ V>I\S BITS ( 9=MATION FROM V>I\S P>TS ( ! PROV9CES1 COPIES ( :I* ,I AM 5CLOS+ = Y\4 ,DELEGATES FROM ! PROV9CES >RIVE V]Y FREQU5TLY AT ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE REQUE/+ LIT]ATURE & 9=MATION4 ,!RE IS AN UPRO> OV] ! %ORTAGE ( PEOPLE1 LIT]ATURE & DIRECTIVES4 ,EV]YONE IS DEM&+ ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU >RANGE A CONF]5CE4 ,! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMISSION HAS ALREADY ELECT$ PEOPLE = A JO9T DISCUSSION ) ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU ON ! AG5DA & REPORTS4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU'S RESOLUTION CONC]N+ ! DIFF]5CES AMONG ! COLLABORATORS ON ! C5TRAL ORGAN HAS BE5 ADOPT$ BY ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE'S ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMISSION4 

,Y\ CAN JUDGE ! MOOD ( ! PROV9CES & ALL ,RUSSIA BY ! FOLL[+ 9CID5T CONVEY$ TO US BY COMRADES COM+ FROM ,KREM5*UG4 ,A L>GE CR[D ( 0QUEU]S0 HAD COLLECT$ >\ND A %OP = SUG> - ! MAJORITY W]E WOM54 ,A R[ BROKE \T BETWE5 ! WOM5 & ! GU>DIANS ( ORD]1 ! T[N CON/ABLES4 ,! R[ L$ TO ! CON/ABLES BE+ BEAT5 UP & ! %OPS BE+ LOOT$4 ,SOLDI]S W]E CALL$ \T TO 0RE/ORE ORD]0 BUT !Y REFUS$ TO FIRE4 ,COSSACKS W]E CALL$ 9 BUT !Y TOO KEPT \T ( ! WAY4 ,!N ! AU?ORITIES PUT !IR LA/ =CES 9TO ACTION1 ! M\NT$ POLICE GU>D4 ,! LATT] COMPLI$ & OP5$ FIRE ON ! CR[D4 ,?IS DI/URB$ ! COSSACKS & SOLDI]S & !Y RU%$ UPON ! M\NT$ POLICE & BROKE !M UP4 ,AFT] ?AT ! CR[D JO9$ UP ) ! COSSACKS & SOLDI]S & />T$ TO ATTACK ! POLICE /ATIONS & ! POLICE *IEF'S [N QU>T]S & HE WAS 9JUR$1 ?\< MANAG+ TO HIDE 9 TIME4 ,!Y WRECK$ ! >MY (FICES & KILL$ ! LOCAL >MY *IEF4 ,MANY %OPS W]E WRECK$4 ,?IS SPONTANE\S MUT9Y LA/$ TWO DAYS1 BUT !N FRE% =CES >RIV$ & ! CRACKD[N BEGAN ) ! CU/OM>Y F]OCITY4 ,MANY W]E KILL$ & W\ND$4 

,IT IS REPORT$ FROM ! ,DONETS ,BAS9 ?AT \R ORGANIZATIONS !RE >E GR[+ /RONG]4 ,A REGIONAL CONF]5CE WAS REC5TLY HELD BY ! REGIONAL COMMITTEE4 ,!RE >E MANY WORK+ PRISON]S-(-W> 7,AU/RIANS7 9 ! >EA4 ,RELATIONS BETWE5 !M & ! WORK]S >E V]Y GOOD4 ,! PRISON]S-(-W> >E ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES & >E SEEK+ TO JO9 \R ORGANIZATIONS4 ,9 V>I\S PLACES MANAGEM5TS HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO SQUEEZE \T FREE LABOR BY BR++ 9 PRISON]S-(-W> 79 ! PITS7 BUT HAVE RUN UP AGA9/ PROTE/S FROM ! PRISON]S-(-W> !MSELVES :O DECL>$ ?AT !Y W\LD NOT GO D[N ! M9ES EV5 ON PA9 ( DEA? IF !Y W]E DISPLAC+ DISMISS$ WORK]S4 

,! 5FRAN*IS$ B\RGEOISIE IS PLANN+ CONGRESSES & HAS ALREADY S5T \T 9VITATIONS TO V>I\S WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ! HOSPITAL FUNDS1 CO-OP]ATIVES & ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES 7! ,GVOZDEVITES74 ,! GOV]NM5T T5DS TO OPPOSE ! CONGRESSES4 ,BUT IT IS NOT ALONE 9 OPPOS+ !M1 = ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC IS N[ ALSO AGA9/ !M4 ,WE MANAG$ TO DISCOV] ?AT ON #af ,NOVEMB] A CONF]5CE ( ! BUREAU ( ! BLOC WAS HELD ) DELEGATIONS FROM ! PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS1 NAMELY1 ! ,UNION ( ,T[NS1 REPRES5T$ BY ,*ELNOKOV & ,%*EPK92 ! ,UNION ( ,ZEM/VOS 7,PR9CE ,LVOV7 & ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES 7,KONOVALOV7 UND] ! *AIRMAN%IP ( ,MELL]-,ZAKOMELSKY1 A MEMB] ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,/ATE4 ,MILYUKOV WAS ! REPORT] = ! ,PROGRESSIVE ,BLOC4 ,HE SANG ! PRAISES ( ! BLOC & ! PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS = !IR DISPLAY ( 0UNITY0 AS A RESULT ( :I* SU* A BRILLIANT VICTORY AS ! REMOVAL ( ,/URM] WAS WON4 ,AFT] SU* A 0CELEBRATION0 = ! BLOC !RE 5SU$ ! 0BREAD-&-BUTT]0 BUS9ESS DUR+ :I* ! BLOC'S TASK WAS TO FOLL[ A ZIGZAG PA?4 0,SOCIETY MU/ BE PRUD5T 9 ITS DEM&S TO ! ,DUMA LE/ IT BR+ AB\T A BREAK+ ( ! UNITY ( ! PUBLIC FRONT0 444 ,%+>EV DOTT$ ! I'S1 DECL>+ 9 HIS COMM5TS ON ,MILYUKOV'S SPEE* ?AT ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC C\LD NOT MAKE DEM&S & !RE=E IT W\LD BE PROP] TO REFRA9 FROM ORGANIZ+ CONGRESSES & CONF]5CES1 = IT WAS NOT KN[N :AT !IR MOOD W\LD BE4 ,!Y C\LD PRES5T DEM&S TO ! ,DUMA1 BUT ANY FUR!R AGGRESSIVE POLICY T[>DS ! ,DUMA W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,%IDLOVSKY /AT$ OP5LY ?AT AN AGGRESSIVE POLICY BY ! ,DUMA C\LD LEAD TO ITS DISSOLUTION & DISSOLUTION TO 0REVOLUTION01 :I* ( C\RSE !Y FE>$ MO/ ( ALL4 ,?AT IS ALL ! 9=MATION !RE IS = Y\ AT ! MOM5T2 REPORTS ON ?IS AFFAIR WILL BE C>RI$ 9 ,PROLET>SKII ,GOLOS1 :I* IS SOON TO COME \T4 

,P]SONALLY ,I /& = EXPLOIT+ ! ELECTION CAMPAIGNS = ! CONGRESSES & = PUBLICLY PRES5T+ !RE AN 9DEP5D5T DECL>ATION1 BUT = OPPOS+ P>TICIPATION 9 0ORGANIC WORK0 444 ,COLLEAGUES 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU >E 9 SOLID>ITY ) ?IS4 ,IT HAS ALSO BE5 C>RI$ BY ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,BUT !RE HAVE ALREADY BE5 ONE OR TWO 9/ANCES ( BOYCOTT+ ! ELECTIONS4 ,A LEAD+ >TICLE %\LD BE PR9T$ 9 ! C5TRAL ORGAN AGA9/ ! BOYCOTT SY/EM4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO FOLL[ ! SAME L9E ?AT ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE ADOPT$ 9 RELATION TO ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#i#a#e4 ,A BOYCOTT IS CLE>LY ADVANTAGE\S TO ! ,GVOZDEVITES AS IT GIVES !M L9KS ) ! PROV9CES & ASSI/S 9 ! DECEIT AB\T !IR REPRES5TATIVE /ATUS4 

,! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T'S ATTITUDE TO ! ,DUMA & ! ,G]MAN PEACE PROPOSAL HAS P]TURB$ BROAD CIRCLES ( ! G5]AL PUBLIC & 9TELLECTUALS4 ,EV5 ! PATRIOTIC ELEM5T IS DISCONT5T$ ) ! ,DUMA'S DECISION & ITS UNWILL+NESS 0ON PR9CIPLE0 TO ACCEPT A BASIS = DISCUSSION ( ! PEACE PROPOSALS4 ,\R ORGANIZATIONS HAVE US$ ?IS FACT AS A GRAPHIC ILLU/RATION ( ! PR$ATORY IDEALS ( ! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE & GOV]NM5T4 ,TO ! 0PEACE0 PLANS ( ! RUL+ CLASSES ( ! BELLIG]5T C\NTRIES WE >E C\NT]POS+ ! NE$ TO TURN ! SLAU<T] AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,A PROCLAMATION ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE TO ?IS EFFECT IS COM+ \T 9 A DAY OR TWO4 

,! ,BUREAU ALSO PROPOSES TO ISSUE A LEAFLET & IT MAY MANAGE TO E/ABLI% A P]IODICAL C5TRAL ORGAN4 ,WORK IS 9 H& 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 ,IT IS REPORT$ FROM ,KH>KOV ?AT DIFF]5CES HAVE >IS5 !RE OV] ! CURR5T SITUATION4 ,C]TA9 COMRADES !RE TAKE ! POSITION ?AT WE >E LIV+ 9 ! ]A ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,I %ALL %ORTLY BE SEE+ ONE OR TWO PEOPLE FROM !RE & %ALL CL>IFY !IR 9T5TIONS4 

,! SOLDI]S' MOOD IS EXTREMELY T5SE4 ,RUMORS ( MUT9IES 9 ! >MY >E CIRCULAT+4 ,IT IS REPORT$ ?AT !RE >E DI/URBANCES 9 ,DV9SK1 BUT IT IS NOT KN[N OV] :AT4 ,IT HAS BE5 ANN\NC$ ?AT ! CZ> HAS 0RELIEV$0 ! COMM&]1 ,G5]AL ,ALEKSEYEV1 = HIS 0OPPOSITION VIEWS0 & HAS APPO9T$ ,G5]AL ,GURKO 9 HIS PLACE1 BUT ,GURKO WAS REPLAC$ BY SOMEONE ELSE ON #b ,DECEMB]4 ,BY #f ,DECEMB] ! ,CONGRESS ( ,NOBILITY1 ! ,DUMA-ITES & ! ,C\NCIL ( ,/ATE MADE READY TO BE RECEIV$ BY ! CZ>4 ,\R CZ>I/ RETA9]S HAD ALREADY GOT !IR SPEE*ES PREP>$ :5 !Y W]E UNEXPECT$LY 0BEAT503 ! CZ> HAD DEP>T$ = ! FRONT & REFUS$ TO MEET !M4 ,HE HAD CLE>LY DEMON/RAT$ BY HIS ADDRESS TO ,PITIRIM & BY BE/[+ AN ORD] ON ,G5]AL 0,KUVAKA0 HIS DISPLEASURE ) ! B\RGEOISIE 444 0,SOCIETY0 IS AS A :OLE FULL ( RUMORS & GOSSIP4 ,IT IS REPORT$ ?AT BACK 9 ! SUMM] !RE HAD BE5 A CONF]5CE ( C]TA9 MILIT>Y CIRCLES ON ACTIVE S]VICE1 CORPS1 DIVISIONAL & C]TA9 REGIM5TAL COMM&]S :]E ! QUE/ION ( OV]?R[+ ,NIKOLAI ,I,I WAS DISCUSS$4 ,BY & L>GE1 EV5 AV[$ MON>*I/S >E EXTREMELY DI/URB$ BY ALL ! DO+S ( ! CZ>I/ AUTOCRACY4 

#ad ,DECEMB]3 ,!RE W]E RAIDS AT ! 5D ( LA/ WEEK4 ,! PR9T%OP ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE HAS BE5 SEIZ$2 #f1 COPIES ( ! PAMPHLET ,:O ,NE$S ! ,W>8 & #c1 COPIES ( ! F\R? ISSUE ( ,PROLET>SKII ,GOLOS4 ,TW5TY-F\R PEOPLE W]E >RE/$ AT ! PR9T%OP & 9 ! /ORES4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 FUR!R >RE/S AMONG ! PR9T]S3 ALL 9 ALL1 MAJOR LOSSES :OSE EXT5T HAS YET TO BE CL>IFI$4 

,?\<TS ( WORK]S >E N[ REVOLV+ R\ND ! QUE/ION ( 0PEACE04 ,SLOGANS >E DEM&$4 ,WE >E ?9K+ ( PUTT+ A RESOLUTION \T4 ,REPORTS >E DEM&$4 ,! MOOD IS V]Y UPLIFT$1 ESPECIALLY SO 9 ,MOSC[4 ,! 0CONGRESSITES0 !RE HAVE GONE 9TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! POLICE AU?ORITIES4 ,! ,DUMA 9 ITS TACTICS LAGS BEH9D ! MOOD ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,!RE'S NO TIME TO WRITE ANY MORE4 ,I MU/ S5D ?IS (F AS ,I'M HEAP$ UP ) WORK4 ,I FIRMLY %AKE Y\R H&S4 

  

,Y\RS1 ,ALEKS&R 
  

,! ,SAILORS' ,MILIT>Y ,ORGANIZATION 

,REVOLUTION>Y WORK AMONG ! SAILORS ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET WAS FULL ( H]OISM4 ,P>TY ACTIVITY AMONG SAILORS HAD NEV] 5TIRELY CEAS$ S9CE ! DAYS ( ! FIR/ 7#a#i#e7 REVOLUTION4 ,IT HAD BE5 ONLY TEMPOR>ILY RET>D$ BY REPRESSION & HAD NOT DISAPPE>$4 ,DUR+ ! W> REVOLUTION>Y WORK RECEIV$ A BOO/4 ,?ANKS TO ! MOBILIZATION MANY PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS & SAILORS ) A REVOLUTION>Y PA/ HAD P\R$ 9TO ! FLEET4 ,SCRE5+ CREW MEMB]S 9 W>TIME WAS F> MORE DIFFICULT ?AN 9 PEACETIME4 

,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE MA9TA9$ ! CLOSE/ L9KS ) ! FLEET'S MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS4 ,ALL WORK ON ! VESSELS & AMONG %ORE-BAS$ & =TRESS COMPANIES WAS C>RI$ ON BY ! SAILORS !MSELVES4 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = AN \TSID]1 NEWCOM] OR CIVILIAN TO HAVE A /ABLE EXI/5CE 9 ! =TIFI$ ZONES ( ,KRON/ADT1 ,VIIPURI1 ,TALL9N & ,TURKU4 ,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE HAD MADE SEV]AL ATTEMPTS TO S5D PEOPLE TO WORK AMONG ! SAILORS1 BUT WAS UNSUCCESSFUL & WAS !RE=E COMPELL$ TO RECOMM5D ! SAILORS TO BUILD ! ORGANIZATIONS ) !IR [N =CES4 

,! UPSURGE ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T 9 ,PET]SBURG :I* C\LD BE NOT$ 9 ! SUMM] & AUTUMN C\LD NOT HELP REFLECT+ ITSELF 9 ! MOOD ( ! PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS 9 ! FLEET1 CRU%$ BY ! H>% W>TIME DISCIPL9E4 ,9 ! AUTUMN ( #aiae A FAIRLY /RONG SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC SAILORS' ORGANIZATION TOOK %APE4 ,ALL ! BIGGE/ VESSELS & %ORE COMPANIES 9 ,KRON/ADT1 ,HELS9KI1 ,PET]SBURG & O!R ZONES ( ! ,BALTIC COA/ W]E L9K$ UP BY ! 0,*IEF ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,MILIT>Y ,ORGANIZATION04 

,9 SPITE ( ! EXTREME CAUTION & CONSPIRATORIAL SKILL %[N BY P>TY WORK]S 9 ! MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION1 !IR ACTIVITY SOON FELL UND] ! SURVEILLANCE ( 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL ,OKHRANA AG5TS4 ,%ORTLY AFT] ORGANIZ+ ! COMMITTEES1 ! P>TY WORK]S !MSELVES1 MEMB]S ( \R P>TY1 CONDUCT$ A MASS CAMPAIGN ( AGITATION BO? ORAL & PR9T$1 DI/RIBUT+ LIT]ATURE RECEIV$ FROM ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,! AGITATION FELL UPON HI<LY F]TILE SOIL3 DISCONT5T ) ! W> & ! SOLDI]S' CONDITIONS DEEPLY /IRR$ ! M5 BETWE5 DECKS4 ,LEAFLETS & PAMPHLETS W]E READ TILL !Y W]E 9 %R$S & W]E DI/RIBUT$ WIDELY4 

,! BUOYANT REVOLUTION>Y MOOD AMONG ! CREWS SOON OV]FL[$ 9TO OP5 9DIGNATION4 ,ON #ai ,OCTOB] ! CREW ( ! BATTLE%IP ,HANGUT EXPRESS$ !IR ANG] AT ! REGIME 9 =CE ABO>D ! %IP1 & ALSO AT ! BAD FOOD4 ,! 9DIGNANT CREW SEIZ$ SOME ( ! (FIC]S & CONTACT$ O!R VESSELS1 SEEK+ AID4 ,?IS UNORGANIZ$ \TBUR/ ( 9DIGNATION WAS QUICKLY ISOLAT$ & QUELL$4 ,! NAVAL AU?ORITIES TOOK BRUTAL REPRISALS AGA9/ ! VESSEL'S CREW4 ,TW5TY-SIX M5 /OOD TRIAL & ! :OLE GR\P WAS TRANSF]R$ TO %ORE WORK & DISB&$4 ,! TRIAL WAS HELD ON #ag ,DECEMB] #a#i#a#e1 PASS+ TWO DEA? S5T5CES & S5T5C+ ANO!R F\RTE5 SAILORS TO H>D LABOR = V>Y+ T]MS4 ,BUT EV5 SU* SAVAGE REPRESSION C\LD NOT KILL ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT 9 ! FLEET4 0,DISORD]S0 ( V>Y+ PROPORTIONS OCCURR$ ABO>D MANY VESSELS EV5 AFT] ! REPRISALS AGA9/ ! ,HANGUT SAILORS4 

,9 ! ,DECEMB] ( #aiae ! PRECISE CONTACTS BETWE5 ! SAILORS & ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE W]E ID5TIFI$ BY ! EF=TS ( ! ,OKHRANA4 ,AG5TS ( ! G5D>M]IE W]E AMONG ! SAILORS JO9+ POLITICAL CIRCLES4 ,! L9KS BETWE5 ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE & ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS W]E 0ILLUM9AT$0 BY ! PROVOCATEUR ,V4 ,%URKANOV 7! EX-,DUMA DEPUTY74 ,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE MEMB]S :O KEPT ! CONTACT1 ,K4 ,ORLOV & ,V4 ,S*MIDT1 W]E CLOSELY ACQUA9T$ ) ,V4 ,%URKANOV & FREQU5TLY >RANG$ V5UES AT HIS FLAT4 ,?IS WAS ! WAY 9 :I* ! ,OKHRANA HAD SET ITSELF UP ?R\<\T ALMO/ ALL ! WORK ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE'S MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION4 

,A MEMOR&UM BY ,COLONEL ,GLOBA*EV TO ! DIRECTOR ( ! POLICE DEP>TM5T WAS COMPIL$ FROM 9=MATION OBTA9$ 9 ?IS WAY3 

,OV] A REC5T P]IOD ! EXI/5CE HAS BE5 NOT$ BY ! SPECIAL AG5TS ( ! ,DEP>TM5T UND] MY *>GE ( A MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,LABOR ,P>TY AMONG RAT+S ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET OP]AT+ ALONG ! FOLL[+ L9ES3 

,FUNCTION+ ON BO>D EV]Y VESSEL >E SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC CELLS ?AT ELECT !IR [N COMMITTEES1 EA* VESSEL'S COMMITTEE HAV+ ITS REPRES5TATIVE ON ! LEAD+ COMMITTEE4 ,! A=EM5TION$ CELLS HAVE >IS5 QUITE 9DEP5D5TLY1 [+ TO ! EXI/5CE ( FAVORABLE SOIL 9 ! S5SE ( ! HI< DEGREE ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! RAT+S & ! PRES5CE AMONG !M ( 9DIVIDUALS :O PRIOR TO 5TRY 9TO MILIT>Y S]VICE HAD ALREADY BECOME SKILL$ 9 UND]GR\ND WORK4 

,BY >RANG+ GA!R+S A%ORE 9 CAFES & RE/AURANTS1 ! VESSELS' LEAD+ COMMITTEE HAS DIRECT$ ALL ITS 5]GIES *IEFLY T[>DS EXPLA9+ CURR5T EV5TS TO ! SAILORS 9 A DESIRABLE LI<T ) ! PURPOSE ( CREAT+ A CLIMATE ( DISCONT5T AMONG !M4 ,SU* AN AGITATIONAL APPROA* 9 ! H&S ( ! EXP]I5C$ LEAD]S ( ! COMMITTEE HAS ALREADY HAD SOME 9FLU5CE UPON ! MOOD ( ! RAT+S1 & ACCORD+ TO ! SECRET AG5TS 9 QUE/ION !RE IS AT ! PRES5T TIME ON NE>LY ALL %IPS A MOOD ( EXCITEM5T & EXTREME N]V\SNESS1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT NO O!R GR\NDS = ?IS EXI/ - ALL %IPBO>D LIFE IS FOLL[+ ITS NORMAL C\RSE4 

,! IDEOLOGICAL LEAD]S ( ! UND]GR\ND WORK ON ! W>%IPS HAVE TRI$ 9 EV]Y WAY TO RE/RA9 ! SAILORS FROM SPORADIC UNRE/1 9 ORD] TO BR+ AB\T A SITUATION :]E A G5]AL ACTION C\LD TAKE ACC\NT ( ! POSSIBILITY ( AN ACTIVE MOVEM5T FROM ! P>T ( ! WORK+ CLASS :I* MI<T BR+ CRUCIAL 9FLU5CE TO BE> UPON *ANG+ ! POLITICAL SY/EM2 NO ACTIONS PLANN$ = SET DATES HAVE AS YET BE5 F\ND ON ! PEOPLE NAM$ & ALL !IR WORK IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! ORGANIZATIONAL FIELD4 ,HAV+ ?US SUCCE$$ 9 CREAT+ A FAVORABLE MOOD1 ! UND]GR\ND >E N[ EXP]I5C+ DIFFICULTIES 9 RE/RA9+ ISOLAT$ ACTIONS & 9 ?IS RESPECT ! OP5LY EXPRESS$ DISCONT5T :I* TOOK PLACE 9 ,AUGU/ OR ,SEPTEMB] ( ?IS YE> ON ! BATTLE%IP ,HANGUT AS A RESULT ( :I* ONE P>T ( ! SAILORS FROM ?AT VESSELS W]E S5T TO ,>KHANGELSK & ! O!R P>T ( ! SAILORS C\RT-M>TIAL$1 MADE AN UNFAVORABLE IMPRESSION UPON !M4 

,! CELLS & COMMITTEES ABO>D ! VESSELS >OSE QUITE 9DEP5D5TLY )\T ! ASSI/ANCE ( ! GR\P N[ FUNCTION+ 9 ,PETROGRAD :I* /YLES ITSELF ! 0,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,LABOR ,P>TY2 ACCORD+ TO SECRET REPORTS :I* HAVE COME 91 ! LEAD+ COMMITTEE ( ! NAVAL ORGANIZATIONS HAS FROM ITS 9CEPTION S\<T OPPORTUNITIES TO JO9 =CES ) ! ALREADY M5TION$ ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE1 :I* 9 PRACTICE IT ONLY REC5TLY A*IEV$ ?R\< ONE ( ! ACTIVE LEAD]S ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T :O WAS A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,VYBORG P>TY DI/RICT ON ! 0,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE04 ,HAV+ MADE CONTACT ) ! MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION1 ! A=EM5TION$ P>TY WORK] SURR5D]$ HIS M&ATE = ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT & IS CURR5TLY SITT+ ON ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE AS REPRES5TATIVE ( ! MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION4 ,ALL MATT]S RELAT+ TO ! LATT] >E PASS$ BY ?IS P>TY WORK] VIA A SAILOR ( ! TWELF? COMPANY ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,NAVAL ,SUPPORT ,COMPANY1 ,PIS>EV1 :OSE EXACT ID5TITY HAS NOT YET BE5 E/ABLI%$1 & FROM :OM ! =M] RECEIVES P>TY R5DEZV\S PO9TS4 ,ON #bi ,NOVEMB] ?IS YE> AN UNKN[N SAILOR WAS DISPAT*$ BY ,PIS>EV TO ,PETROGRAD TO ?AT SAME REPRES5TATIVE ON ! 0,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE0 ) A MESSAGE = A R5DEZV\S SIGN$ BY 0,OTRADNEV02 ,PIS>EV POSSIBLY SIGNS HIMSELF ?US1 BUT ANO!R SAILOR C\LD POSSIBLY BE CONCEAL$ BEH9D ?AT NAME4 

,AT ! MOM5T ONE ( ! LEAD+ MILIT>Y COMMITTEE'S PRIM>Y CONC]NS IS TO MAKE CONTACTS ) VESSELS LY+ AT ,HELS9KI & F9D+ PREMISES 9 ! T[N ( ,KRON/ADT :]E IT IS 9T5D$ TO >RANGE = SOME WOMAN TO MEET ! SAILORS 9 ! GUISE ( A LAUNDRY-WOMAN4 ,9 CONNECTION ) ! ABOVE1 AN ASSIGNM5T WAS GIV5 BY ! COMMITTEE = ! ALSO AS YET UNID5TIFI$ SAILOR1 ,BR5D91 ONE ( ! =EMO/ P>TY WORK]S :O WAS GO+ (F = SIX MON?S' SICK LEAVE 9 ,HELS9KI4 ,HE WAS ALSO GIV5 R5DEZV\S PO9TS = A MEMB] ( ! 0,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ONE 0,ALB]T0 :O HAD SETTL$ 9 ,HELS9KI AS CL]K 9 A LOCAL DOCK (FICE4 

,ONE ( ! FIR/ MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! ACTIVITY ( ! LEAD+ COMMITTEE WILL BE A MEET+ ( SAILORS 9 ,KRON/ADT FIX$ = #f ,DECEMB]4 

,/EPS T[>DS CONT9U$ SECRET OBS]VATION ( ! MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION HAVE BE5 TAK5 BY MYSELF4 

,COPIES ( ?IS REPORT HAVE BE5 =W>D$ ) NOS4 #bbi & #bc TO ! ,HEADS ( ! ,KRON/ADT & ,F9L& ,G5D>ME ,ADM9I/RATIONS4 

,I HAVE ! HONOR TO REPORT ! ABOVE TO ,Y\R ,EXCELL5CY4 

  

,COLONEL ,GLOBA*EV 

,>RE/S ( A CONSID]ABLE PROPORTION ( ! ACTIVE MEMB]S ( ! GR\PS ( SAILORS LEAD+ ! MILIT>Y WORK W]E C>RI$ \T ON #bh ,DECEMB] #a#i#a#e4 

,HEAD+ ! MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS AS MEMB]S ( ITS LEAD+ C5T]1 CALL$ ! 0,*IEF ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,ORGANIZATION01 W]E ,I4,F4 ,ORLOV 7,KIRILL71 ,TIM(EI ,ULYANTSEV1 ,IVAN ,SLADKOV1 ,NIKOLAI ,KHOVR91 ,NIKI= ,BR5D91 ,MIKHAIL ,/AKUN1 ,NIKOLAI ,PIS>EV & ,VLADIMIR ,ZAITSEV4 0,KIRILL0 ,ORLOV MA9TA9$ ! CONTACT ) ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE1 ) RI<T ( MEMB]%IP ( IT4 

,! ,*IEF ,COMMITTEE'S L9KS ) ! %IP & %ORE COMPANIES W]E EXTREMELY BROAD4 ,IT HAD ITS PEOPLE ABO>D NE>LY EV]Y W>%IP & ON MANY !RE W]E :OLE GR\PS CALL$ 0COMMITTEES04 ,! >RE/S ON #bh ,DECEMB] & SUBSEQU5TLY OV] ! SAME CASE DISRUPT$ ! ORGANIZATION'S WORK 9 P>T ONLY4 ,EV5 ! ,*IEF ,COMMITTEE WAS NOT >RE/$ 9 ITS 5TIRETY1 = EXAMPLE ,VLADIMIR ,ZAITSEV WAS SP>$ >RE/4 

,! PLAN ( ! MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION WAS WELL ?\<T \T4 ,BY D9T ( ! PECULI> CONDITIONS ( MILIT>Y WORK1 DEMOCRATIC & ELECTIVE PR9CIPLES ( REPRES5TATION W]E SOME:AT RE/RICT$ BY COMP>ISON ) NORMAL SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS4 

,ALONGSIDE P]SONAL CONTACTS BETWE5 ! COMMITTEES & !IR C5T] !RE ALSO EXI/$ COD$ CORRESPOND5CE4 ,DUR+ ! >RE/S P>T ( !SE AGRE$ =MULAS FELL 9TO ! H&S ( ! G5D>MES4 ,AS ALL S]VICEM5'S CORRESPOND5CE PASS$ ?R\< ! H&S ( ! (FIC]S1 LETT]S W]E WRITT5 9 A COD$ =M ?AT BORE A REALI/IC EV]YDAY APPE>ANCE4 ,! DOCUM5T BEL[1 :ILE NOT EXHAU/+ ALL ! COMPLEXITIES ( ! SAILORS' CONSPIRATORIAL ME?ODS1 DOES PROVIDE A GOOD ILLU/RATION ( ITS G5]AL L9ES4 

7#a7 ,! DATE 9DICATES FROM :I* PO9T TO />T DECIPH]+4 

7#b7 ,IF IT IS M5TION$ ?AT UNCLE HAS BE5 R\ND & ?AT WE HAVE BE5 OV] AT HIS PLACE !N Y\ >E TO UND]/& ?AT EV]Y?+ IS GO+ BRILLIANTLY4 

7#c7 ,IF !Y WRITE ?AT MOM IS ALIVE & WELL1 Y\ >E TO UND]/& ?AT ?+S >E GO+ BRILLIANTLY EV]Y:]E4 

7#d7 ,IF SOME?+ REM>KABLE HAPP5S ON ONE ( ! %IPS Y\ MU/ WRITE AB\T ! SUCCESSFUL EV5TS 9 ?IS WAY3 ,A BRO!R OR SI/] 7M5TION ! %IP'S CODE NAME7 /ATES 7UND]L9E :AT HE OR %E HAS SAID7 ?AT HE OR %E HAS BE5 AT HOME & ?AT !RE !Y CANNOT 5DURE ! %ORTAGES & >E PRAY+ TO ,GOD = ! 5EMY TO BE DEFEAT$ SWIFTLY4 ,?AT WILL MEAN ?AT ?+S >E GO+ V]Y WELL ON ?AT %IP - IF ?+S >E GO+ BADLY1 PUT IT R\ND ! O!R WAY4 

7#e7 ,IF Y\ OR WE NE$ HELP !N Y\ %\LD WRITE ?IS3 DAD 7PUT ! %IP'S CODE NAME7 WANTS TO BUY A FOAL FROM ! /UD 7DON'T PUT ! PRICE74 

7#f7 ,IF Y\ HAVE ?+S ON ALL %IPS 9 ORD] WRITE ?AT !RE HAS BE5 A BUMP] H>VE/ AT HOME & IF ?+S HAVE NOT BE5 TOO SUCCESSFUL WRITE ?AT ! SPR+ CROP HAS BE5 POOR4 

7#g7 ,IF ANY %IP NE$S HELP OR LIT]ATURE TO BE S5T1 WRITE ! %IP'S CODE NAME & !N M5TION AFT]W>DS ?AT Y\ HAVE RECEIV$ A LETT] FROM Y\R LITTLE BRO!R & HE WRITES ?AT EV]Y?+ AT HOME IS SORT+ ITSELF \T & HE DOESN'T FEEL ANY H>D%IP AT ALL4 

7#h7 ,BUT IF IT IS V]Y H>D TO GET HELP1 WRITE ?AT DAD HAS B\<T A FOAL FROM ! /UD4 

7#i7 ,IF ?+S AT Y\R 5D HAVE BE5 TI$ UP ALL RI<T OR ?OSE BETWE5 ! >MY & \RSELVES1 WRITE ?AT Y\ HAVE BE5 \T = A WALK & HAD A V]Y NICE TIME BUT IF ?+S HAV5'T BE5 TI$ UP ALL RI<T1 A V]Y MIS]ABLE TIME4 

7#a7 ,IF Y\ HAVE HOPES ( MAK+ NEW CONTACTS1 WRITE ?AT Y\ HAVE HOPES ( HAV+ AN EV5 NIC] WALK4 

,IT WAS EXTREMELY RISKY TO NAME %IPS1 CREWS & O!R UNITS 9 ! LETT]S & !RE=E ! COMRADES W]E COMPELL$ TO RESORT TO CODE NAMES = ALL %IPS & %ORE E/ABLI%M5TS4 ,! ,*IEF ,COMMITTEE DEVIS$ A SPECIAL CODE = !SE NAMES & PUT IT 9 ! *>GE ONLY ( ORGANIZ]S ( ! COMMITTEES4 ,! NAMES W]E SOMETIMES *ANG$4 

,! :OLE PLAN ( ORGANIZATION ( WORK 9 ! NAVY WAS LIT]ALLY ! DO+ ( ! NAVY PROLET>IANS !MSELVES4 ,ALL ! MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION LAY ) ! SAILORS !MSELVES & !RE9 LAY ! ORGANIZATION'S 9SUP]ABLE /R5G?4 ,! FIR/ PO9T1 :I* DEF9ES ! TASKS ( ! MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION1 SPEAKS ( ITS COMPLETE SUBORD9ATION TO ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,?IS PO9T WAS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT AS AN>*I/IC T5D5CIES & IMPULSES TO HOLD 9DEP5D5T DEMON/RATIONS & O!R ACTIONS HAD EM]G$ AMONG SAILORS1 9CLUD+ ! PROLET>IAN ONES2 ?IS >OSE FROM !IR ISOLATION FROM ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T AS A :OLE4 ,! ORGANIZATION HAD TO C\NT] SU* PH5OM5A & ESPECIALLY ! IDEA ?AT ! NAVY C\LD 0BY ITSELF01 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! G5]AL /RUGGLE1 LEAD A VICTORI\S REVOLUTION4 

,9 ,DECEMB] #aiae !RE WAS AMONG ! ORGANIZ$ SAILORS ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET A DESIRE TO EXPRESS !IR ATTITUDE T[>DS ! CELEBRATION ( #i ,JANU>Y 9 SOME WAY OR O!R4 ,C]TA9 HO!ADS PROPOS$ TO HOLD A 0DEMON/RATION04 ,H[EV]1 ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE TOOK ACC\NT ( ! OV]ALL SITUATION & ALSO ! LESSON ( ! ,HANGUT & DECL>$ ITSELF FIRMLY OPPOS$ TO POLITICAL ACTION BY SAILORS & RECOMM5D$ ITS MEMB]S NOT TO EXPOSE !MSELVES 9 ANY WAY AT ?AT /AGE BUT JU/ C>RY ON ) WORK ( A G5]AL NATURE4 

,! TRIAL ( ?OSE >RE/$ ON #bh ,DECEMB] #aiae WAS HELD ON #bf ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#f4 ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IANS REACT$ TO IT ) A POLITICAL PROTE/ /RIKE 9 :I* SOME #a#c1 WORK+ M5 & WOM5 TOOK P>T4 ,?IS TRIAL DID NOT 9 ANY DEGREE KILL (F REVOLUTION>Y WORK AMONG ! SAILORS4 ,AFT] ! ,DECEMB] >RE/S1 WORK 9 ! NAVY DID NOT HALT4 ,?IS PROVID$ ! CLE>E/ EVID5CE ?AT IT WAS NOT SU/A9$ BY M]ELY ! SEV5TE5 9/IGATORS :O W]E N[ LY+ 9 JAIL4 ,! MILIT>Y AU?ORITIES TOOK ADVANTAGE ( !SE >RE/S TO 9TRODUCE & RE9=CE EV]Y TYPE ( REPRESSION1 BUT !SE MEASURES ONLY PROVOK$ ! CREWS YET FUR!R4 

,9 ! REPORT ( ! ,*IEF ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,G5D>ME ,ADM9I/RATION MADE ON #i ,OCTOB] #aiaf ON BEHALF ( ! ,COMM&] ( ! ,RE> & ! ,*IEF ,COMM&ANT ( ! ,PORT ( ,KRON/ADT1 ,COLONEL ,TRECAK ADMITS ?AT 

0AFT] ! LIQUIDATION ON #bh ,DECEMB] #aiae ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P GR\PS :I* HAD >IS5 ON ! BATTLE%IPS 444 & O!R VESSELS ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET AT ,KRON/ADT1 !IR CRIM9AL ACTIVITY :I* HAD COME FROM ! ,PETROGRAD ,COMMITTEE TO ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET WAS P>ALYZ$ BUT BY NO MEANS ELIM9AT$04 

,! MEMOR&A ( ?AT SAME SLEU?-9-*IEF1 ,TRECAK1 REPORT ALSO ?AT PROCLAMATIONS ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE W]E ALREADY BE+ DI/RIBUT$ >\ND ! G>RISON AGA9 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#f1 I4E4 IMM$IATELY AFT] ! >RE/S1 ! 0LIQUIDATION0 NOT)/&+4 

,! SECRET S]VICE HAD E/ABLI%$ ?AT 9 ,FEBRU>Y FRE% PEOPLE HAD ALREADY RE-/>T$ CONTACTS ) ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE & LIT]ATURE SUPPLY FROM IT4 ,9 ! MON? ( ,APRIL ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE LEAFLETS DEVOT$ TO ! ,PUTILOV WORKS AFFAIR & ALSO TO ,MAY ,DAY TURN$ UP AMONG SAILORS & SOLDI]S4 

,?R\< ! OBS]VATIONS ( ! EXT]NAL SECRET S]VICE & ! 09N] LI<T0 7PROVOCATEURS7 IT WAS E/ABLI%$ ?AT AS E>LY AS ,JULY #aiaf ! 0,*IEF ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,MILIT>Y ,ORGANIZATION0 HAD BE5 RECON/ITUT$4 ,MANY ( ! GA!R+S ( ORGANIZ$ SAILORS1 & 9 P>TICUL> ?OSE HELD 9 CAFES 9 ,KRON/ADT1 W]E 0OBS]V$0 BY ! SECRET S]VICE1 & ! AU?ORITIES W]E BY ,AUGU/ ALREADY CONTEMPLAT+ NEW PLANS = MASS >RE/S & FUR!R 0LIQUIDATIONS04 

,9 A SECRET MEMOR&UM DAT$ #b ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#f1 ! ,*IEF ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,OKHRANA DIVULGES 9=MATION OBTA9$ FROM PROVOCATEURS TO ! ,*IEF ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,G5D>ME ,ADM9I/RATION1 REPORT+ ?AT 

09 ! ,KRON/ADT ,COMMITTEE1 ?+S >E SET UP ?OR\<LY & CONSPIRATORIALLY1 & ITS P>TICIPANTS >E ALL SIL5T & PRUD5T PEOPLE4 ,?IS COMMITTEE HAS ITS REPRES5TATIVES A%ORE ALSO40 

,! FOLL[+ 0PLAN ( ACTION0 WAS UNCOV]$ BY ! SAME 9T]NAL SECRET S]VICE4 ,:51 ) ! ONSET ( ! FRO/S & %IPP+ MOVEM5TS HAMP]$1 !RE W\LD AS A RESULT BE PL5TY ( SAILORS 9 ,KRON/ADT1 !Y PLANN$ TO M\NT AN UPRIS+2 :5 !Y HAD P>TLY KILL$ & P>TLY >RE/$ ! (FIC] CORPS1 !Y W\LD PRES5T A DEM& = ! OV]?R[ ( ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5T1 A *ANGE ( ! POLITICAL SY/EM & ! T]M9ATION ( ! W>3 

0,! ,PETROGRAD PROLET>IAT MU/ SUPPORT ?IS UPRIS+ & TO NOTIFY IT ( ITS COMM5CEM5T1 ! FLEET WILL1 ONCE RIDD5 ( ITS (FIC]S1 SAIL FROM ,KRON/ADT & FIRE A FEW SALVOS T[>DS ,PETROGRAD4 ,IF SEV]E MEASURES AGA9/ ! WORK]S 5SUE & ! GOV]NM5T />TS TO FIRE ON !M1 ! FLEET WILL RAZE ALL ,PETROGRAD NOT LEAV+ A S+LE /ONE40 

,?IS REPORT1 OBTA9$ AS IT WAS FROM PROVOCATEURS1 SUFF]S FROM GROSS 9ACCURACY4 ,! 0,*IEF ,COMMITTEE0 ( \R MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION WAS MATURE 5\< NOT TO ADOPT SU* AN EXCLUSIVELY CONSPIRATORIAL PLOT4 ,?IS SORT ( PLAN C\LD NOT HAVE F\ND ANY BACK+ FROM ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,!RE HAD BE5 TALKS BACK 9 #aiae BETWE5 P>TY WORK]S AB\T ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET'S POSSIBLE ROLE 9 ! OP5 REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,9 !SE1 /RESS WAS ALWAYS LAID UPON ! >M$ =CES' ANCILL>Y ROLE1 :I* AL?\< P]HAPS CRUCIAL1 W\LD ALWAYS BE SUBORD9AT$ TO A WORK]S' RIS+4 ,ISOLAT$ POLITICAL ACTION W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ( ANY USE TO ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 & IT HAD NO PROPON5TS 9 ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE OR ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 

,IT FUR!R REPORT$ ?AT 0! ,KRON/ADT ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,MILIT>Y ,ORGANIZATION IS SO CONFID5T ( ITS /R5G? & REG>DS ITS TASKS AS S\NDLY PLANN$ ?AT IT DOES NOT EV5 DESIRE \TSIDE HELP 4440 ,! REPORT IS CORRECT 9 ONE ?+ ONLY3 ! 0,KRON/ADT ,COMMITTEE0 HAD AFT] ! >RE/S BECOME /RONG] ?AN 9 #a#i#a#e1 BUT IT BY NO MEANS TOOK ! L9E ?AT 0IT C\LD DO EV]Y?+04 

,ACCORD+ TO ! SAME 9=MATION1 ! ,KRON/ADT ,COMMITTEE WAS ASK+ ONLY ONE ?+ ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE3 TO PR9T A LEAFLET 9 #a1 COPIES & TO S5D !M ONE P>TY WORK]4 

,9 CON=MITY ) AN 9/RUCTION ( ! ,DIRECTOR ( ! ,POLICE ,DEP>TM5T1 ,MAJOR ,G5]AL ,KLIMOVI*1 A FRE% 0LIQUIDATION0 ( 9/IGATORS WAS C>RI$ \T ) ! AGREEM5T ( ! MILIT>Y AU?ORITIES4 ,ON ! NI<T ( #h-#i ,SEPTEMB]1 ?IRTY SAILORS W]E SE>*$ & SEV5 ( !M >RE/$4 ,!RE W]E ALSO SE>*ES 9 ,PET]SBURG 9 ! QUE/ = ! 0MILIT>Y GR\P04 

,BUT !SE >RE/S DID NOT DE/ROY REVOLUTION>Y WORK NOR EV5 LESS 0SC>E0 ! SAILORS4 ,LIT]ATURE WAS DI/RIBUT$ AS BE=E & PROPAG&A OP5LY CONDUCT$4 ,9 ! AUTUMN ( #aiaf ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T HAD ATTA9$ A SWEEP UNHE>D ( 9 W>TIME & ! PROLET>IANS 9 ! =CES RESPOND$ TO ! SUMMONS ( !IR BRO!RS-9->MS4 

,ALL !SE PROTRACT$ PROCE$+S BY ! G5D>M]IE ACTUALLY EVOK$ A NEGATIVE REACTION FROM ,ADMIRALS ,VIR5 & ,NEP594 ,!Y S5S$ FULL WELL ?AT ALL !SE >RE/S1 SE>*ES & SPY+ W]E ONLY EXCIT+ ! MASS ( ! SAILORS 9 A REVOLUTION>Y DIRECTION & SO FREQU5TLY REFUS$ TO AU?ORIZE SU* MEASURES4 ,TWO MON?S LAT]1 ! ,*IEF ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,G5D>ME ,ADM9I/RATION 9T]V5$ TO PRESS ! COMM&ANT ( ! =TRESS 9TO BANI%+ ALL UNRELIABLE SAILORS TO =W>D POSITIONS OR 0REMOTE MILIT>Y ZONES0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE4 ,!RE WAS NO O!R SOLUTION1 = >RE/S NO LONG] AVAIL$4 
  

,! ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,SOCIALI/S 

,NOT)/&+ ! VALUABLE S]VICES R5D]$ BY ! DEF5SI/ ,LABOR ,GR\PS ORGANIZ$ UND] ! EGIS ( ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES1 ! 0R5EW$0 GOV]NM5T 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aiaf EMB>K$ ON A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,LABOR ,GR\PS :I* HAD GONE OV] TO A PA? ( REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITION TO ! GOV]NM5T4 ,9 MANY >EAS SEMI-LEGAL 0ACTION GR\PS0 ( ! ,LABOR ,GR\PS ( ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES W]E =M$ BY SOCIAL-DEMOCRAT DEF5SI/S 7,M5%EVIKS7 & ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,?IS RALLY+ ( EV5 MOD]ATE & PATRIOTICALLY-?9K+ ELEM5TS WORRI$ ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T4 

,! 0NEW0 ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 ,PROTOPOPOV1 LAUN*$ A G5]AL (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE & AGA9/ ITS ,LABOR ,GR\P ESPECIALLY4 ,9 A LETT] ADDRESS$ TO ! ,*IEF ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,MILIT>Y ,REGION1 ,S4,S4 ,KHABALOV1 ,PROTOPOPOV S\<T TO PORTRAY ! 0,LABOR ,GR\P0 AS 0COV]T DEFEATI/S0 TRY+ TO EXPLOIT !IR LEGAL /ATUS = REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY4 

,9 CONCLUSION ,PROTOPOPOV RECOMM5D$ ?AT ,KHABALOV ADOPT APPROPRIATE MEASURES AGA9/ ! ,LABOR ,GR\PS & REPORT$ H[ ! ,*IEF ( ! ,KIEV ,MILIT>Y ,REGION HAD SOLV$ SIMIL> PROBLEMS MO/ SUCCESSFULLY BY REORGANIZ+ ! GR\P >ID DIVE/+ IT ( ! MEANS TO MA9TA9 CONTACTS ) WORK]S4 ,KHABALOV'S ATTEMPTS TO 9T]F]E 9 ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE 5C\NT]$ A C]TA9 REBUFF FROM ! POLICY-MAK]S ( ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES1 & 0REORGANIZATION0 ALONG ,KIEV L9ES WAS NOT A*IEV$4 

,! B\RGEOIS LEAD]S ( ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES W]E BRIEF$ ON ALL ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,LABOR ,GR\PS & DEF5D$ !M FROM POLICE 9CURSIONS4 ,! 9DU/RIALI/S DEF5D$ ! ACTIVITY & 9VIOLABILITY ( ! ,LABOR ,GR\PS NOT SO MU* BECAUSE !Y LIK$ ,LABOR ,GR\P MEMB]S' FACES AS \T ( 5TIRELY REALI/IC POLITICAL CALCULATION4 ,! MO/ MOD]ATE ELEM5TS ( WORK]S & PATRIOTICALLY-M9D$ 9TELLECTUALS W]E GR\P$ >\ND ! 0,LABOR ,GR\PS01 NAMELY1 ?OSE :O PLAC$ NATIONAL UNITY 9 ! NAME ( VICTORY ABOVE ! PR9CIPLES ( CLASS /RUGGLE & 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY4 

,BY TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! PRIVILEGES ( LEGALITY & !4 OV]T SYMPA?Y & PATRONAGE ( ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE1 ! SOCIAL-PATRIOTS FROM ! ,LABOR ,GR\PS S\<T TO MONOPOLIZE POLITICAL ACTIVITY UND]TAK5 ON BEHALF ( \R C\NTRY'S WORK+ CLASS4 ,?IS WAS TO ! B\RGEOISIE'S B5EFIT1 & IT ACCORD+LY F\ND BO? A PLACE & REPRES5TATIVE FUNCTIONS = ! GR\PS :I* SPOKE ITS NATIVE LANGUAGE ( 0DEF5SE ( ! HOMEL& & CULTURE01 !REBY 9TRODUC+ A SPLIT 9TO WORK+-CLASS CIRCLES4 

,! CZ>'S GOV]NM5T HAD 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aiaf SUCCESSFULLY REPULS$ ! V]BAL ASSAULTS ( ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC &1 CAPITALIZ+ ON ! IRRESOLUTE NATURE ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 OP5$ AN (F5SIVE AGA9/ 0PUBLIC OP9ION04 ,! 0PUBLIC OP9ION0 ( ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES C5T]$ >\ND ! ,LABOR ,GR\P ( ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE1 & ,PROTOPOPOV 9 CONSEQU5CE /RUCK HIS FIR/ BL[ 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 ,! PROVOCATEUR ACTIVITY ( ,ABROSIMOV & O!RS ASSI/$ HIM 9 HIS CAMPAIGN4 

,9 ! MIDDLE ( ,DECEMB]1 A CONF]5CE ( LOCAL ,LABOR ,GR\PS ( ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES WAS HELD4 ,! CONF]5CE WAS RUN UND] ! DIRECT LEAD]%IP ( ! ,M5%EVIKS' C5TRAL ORGANIZATION1 ! ,ORGANIZATION ,COMMITTEE1 ONE ( :OSE MEMB]S1 ,BATURSKY1 TOOK P>T 9 ! PREP>ATORY WORK = ! CONF]5CE4 ,FROM MAT]IAL FROM ,OKHRANA FILES & REPORTS PUBLI%$ BY ! GR\P ITSELF IT IS CLE> H[ F> REMOV$ ! DEF5SI/S' POLICY WAS FROM ! ACTUAL REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,ON ! BASIC QUE/ION ( ! ATTITUDE TO ! W>1 ! SOCIAL-PATRIOTS CONT9U$ TO SEE 0\R TASK ( ! DEF5SE ( ! C\NTRY AS ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL MEANS TO A*IEVE ! LIQUIDATION ( ! W> ON CONDITIONS ACCEPTABLE TO DEMOCRACY04 

,AT ! 5D ( ,NOVEMB] NEWS >RIV$ ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,P[]S W]E PREP>$ TO CONCLUDE A PEACE & !RE=E \R DEF5SI/S CONSID]$ IT OBLIGATORY TO M$DLE 9 ?AT DIPLOMATIC GAME & DECL>E ?AT 0! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT MU/ ACTIVELY 9T]V5E 9 ! :EEL+ & DEAL+ OV] ! LIB]TY & DIGNITY ( ! PEOPLES N[ 9 PROGRESS BEH9D !IR BACKS04 ,:ILE ADVANC+ SU* A /&PO9T = ! 09T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT0 ! DEF5SI/S SPOKE 9 O!R T]MS TO ITS [N C\NTRY3 0,! POSITION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 CONFRONT$ AS IT IS ) ! DANG] ( ! MILIT>Y R\T ( ! C\NTRY1 IS HI<LY COMPLEX AS A RESULT ( ! NECESSITY = COMB9+ PRACTICALLY ! REALIZATION ( \R 9T]NATIONAL TASKS ( A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CONQU]+ AMBITIONS ( ! POSSESS+ CLASSES ) A /RUGGLE = ! DE/RUCTION ( ! POLITICAL REGIME ?AT HAS BR\<T ! C\NTRY TO CATA/ROPHE40 ,! CONF]5CE DEM&$ BUT ONE ?+ ( ! B\RGEOIS ,KONOVALOVS & ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T3 0DEF9ITIVE /ATEM5TS ON ! AIMS ( ! W> & ! T]MS = PEACE04 

,! G5]AL LEFTW>D %IFT 9 ! C\NTRY & ! 9T5SIFY+ /RIKE & POLITICAL MOVEM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS COMPELL$ EV5 ! DEF5SI/S TO ALT] !IR TACTIC ( REJECT+ /RUGGLE4 ,! CONF]5CE ( #a#c-#a#e ,DECEMB] WAS1 9 ITS RESOLUTION ON 0! POLITICAL TASKS ( ! WORK+ CLASS01 DRIV5 TO MAKE ! RES]VATION ?AT 0! WORK+ CLASS WILL NOT R5\NCE 444 ! SLOGANS BEH9D :I* IT HAS M>*$ T[>DS ,RUSSIA'S TOTAL DE-FEUDALIZATION = ELEV5 YE>S40 ,H[EV] !RE IMM$IATELY FOLL[$ ANO!R RES]VATION & A DILUTION ( ! V]Y SLOGANS BEH9D :I* ! PROLET>IAT HAD F\<T 9 #a#i#e4 ,! IMM$IATE TASK ( ! H\R WAS CONSID]$ BY ! DEF5SI/S TO BE 0! F9AL REMOVAL ( ! EXI/+ REGIME & ! =MATION 9 ITS PLACE ( A PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T RE/+ = SUPPORT UPON ! FREELY & 9DEP5D5TLY ORGANIZ$ PEOPLE04 ,BEH9D ?IS V]BAL W9D[-DRESS+ !RE LAY CONCEAL$ NOT A REVOLUTION>Y CONT5T BUT M]ELY A PLAY UPON ! SLOGAN !Y HAD GIV5 9 ,NOVEMB]3 ! =MATION BY ! ,/ATE ,DUMA ( A GOV]NM5T ( NATIONAL SALVATION4 ,! DEF5SI/S W]E P9N+ !IR HOPES ON ! ,/ATE ,DUMA BECOM+ ! 0C5T] ( AN ALL-NATIONAL MOVEM5T04 ,! BURN+ DESIRE ( ! DEF5SI/S TO ADAPT TO ! SLOGANS & DEM&S ( LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE %[$ CLE>LY ?R\< ALL !IR KEY RESOLUTIONS4 

,H[EV]1 ! *ANGE ( TACTICS DID =CE ! ,LABOR ,GR\PS TO TAKE AN ILLEGAL PA? AS WELL4 ,?ANKS TO PROVOCATIONS1 ! GOV]NM5T WAS WELL 9=M$ ON ALL ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,LABOR ,GR\P & TOOK /EPS TO 0NEUTRALIZE0 IT4 ,! UNPOPUL>ITY ( ITS MEMB]S AMONG WORK]S TOGE!R ) ! LATT]'S NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TO ! POLICY ( 0,W> ,9DU/RIES SOCIALISM0 EAS$ ,PROTOPOPOV'S TASK4 ,HE WAS CONFID5T1 & ,OKHRANA BRIEF+S CONFIRM$ IF1 ?AT ! LIQUIDATION ( ! ,LABOR ,GR\PS W\LD CALL =? NO PROTE/S FROM ! WORK+ MASSES1 :O HAD REFUS$ TO FOLL[ !M2 HE !RE=E TOOK MEASURES = !IR >RE/4 
  

,! ,ACTIVITY ( ! ,BUREAU ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P7,B7 

,! ALL-,RUSSIAN C5T] DIRECT+ DAY-TO-DAY SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC WORK HAD BE5 ORGANIZ$ BY MYSELF ON ! ASSIGNM5T ( \R P>TY'S ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE AS E>LY AS MY TRIP TO ,RUSSIA FROM ABROAD 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#i#a#e4 ,BUT ONE YE> LAT] !RE REMA9$ ( ! COMRADES :O HAD LAUN*$ ! WORK ON AN ALL-,RUSSIAN SCALE ONLY ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS1 & 9 #aiaf ,I AGA9 HAD TO SELECT COMRADES = RUNN+ ! TE*NICAL SIDE ( ! WORK ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 ,?IS TIME ! JOB ( DRAW+ 9 COLLABORATORS WAS ACCOMPLI%$ F> MORE RAPIDLY4 ,! *OICE ( P>TY WORK]S WAS MU* WID] ?AN 9 ! PREVI\S YE>4 ,!RE WAS NO LONG] ?AT ODD ,*]NOMAZOV-,/>CK RIVALRY TO E/ABLI% CONTACTS FROM ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE AS !RE HAD BE5 DUR+ ! FIR/ P]IOD ( ORGANIZ+ ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 ,) ! AGREEM5T ( ! LEAD+ P>TY WORK]S ON ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE 7COMRADES ,ZALEZHSKY1 ,%UTKO1 ,ANTIPOV1 ,EVDOKIRNOV & O!RS71 WE W]E ABLE TO BR+ COMRADES ,ZALUTSKY & ,MOLOTOV 9TO ?IS LEAD+ C5T]4 

,SOMETIMES1 ?\< NOT (T51 REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE & ORGANIZ]S FROM ! ,9SURANCE ,C\NCIL 7WORK]S' GR\P7 ATT5D$ \R MEET+S4 ,WE HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO PRES]VE ! M9UTES ( \R WORK4 ,NOR HAS MU* ( ! MAT]IAL RELAT+ TO ! PRACTICAL WORK ( ?AT TIME SURVIV$4 ,WE W\LD MEET AT DIFF]5T 5DS ( ,PET]SBURG4 ,(T5 BUS9ESS WAS DECID$ 9 ! DES]T$ /REETS ( ,LESNY DI/RICT1 ! ?REE ( US 0GO+ = A /ROLL0 9 ! D>K EV5+S4 

,AMONG MY PAP]S ,I HAVE KEPT HALF A %EET ( PAP] ) ! AG5DA & DECISIONS ( ONE SU* MEET+ ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 ,JUDG+ BY ! NATURE ( ! RESOLUTIONS ?IS 0PROTOCOL0 RELATES TO ,NOVEMB] #a#i#a#f4 ,! FOLL[+ ITEMS W]E PLAC$ ON ! AG5DA3 

,RELATIONS ) ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE 7ABROAD74 ,RESOLV$3 TO S5D EV]Y?+ FROM ! PROV9CES VIA ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 

  

,RELATIONS ) ! PROV9CES4 ,RESOLV$3 ADDRESSES & CONTACTS HELD BY ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE TO BE PASS$ OV] TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 

  

,$UCATIONAL & ORGANIZATIONAL T\R ( ! PROV9CES4 ,RESOLV$3 TO BE UND]TAK5 BY ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 

  

,ON LIT]ATURE FROM ABROAD4 ,RESOLV$3 TO GET EQUIPM5T 7= REPRODUCTION74 ,TO C5TRALIZE LIT]>Y WORK - DEC5TRALIZE REPRODUCTION - MAKE T\RS TO ORGANIZE ! MA*9]Y4 

  

,PUBLICATION ( ,IZVE/IYA ,BYURO ,TS5TRALNOGO ,KOMITETA4 ,! RESOLUTION IS UNRECORD$1 AL?\< ONE WAS C>RI$4 ,IT CONSI/$ ( COMRADE ,MOLOTOV BE+ *>G$ ) ! ORGANIZATION ( ! TE*NICAL SIDE & F9D+ PREMISES1 /AFF & EQUIPM5T4 

  

,RESOLV$3 TO PUBLI% ! LEAFLET ,AGA9/ ! ,DEF5SI/S ON BEHALF ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 

  

H9ESE AT ,LESSN]S4 ,! QUE/ION ( YELL[ LABOR4 ,RESOLV$3 DEF] TO NEXT MEET+4 

  

,9QUIRIES FROM ,MOSC[ AB\T SETT+ UP WORK4 ,RESOLV$3 S5D ,V4 7?IS 9ITIAL /OOD = ,V4,M4 ,MOLOTOV7 ) AN ALLOTM5T ( #be RUBLES4 

  

,! 0UNIFI]S04 

  

,DECL>ATION4 

,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU W\LD ASSEMBLE NOT LESS ?AN ONCE A WEEK4 ,BRIEF 5C\NT]S & MEET+S W]E F> MORE FREQU5T4 ,AT \R MEET+S MATT]S NOT ONLY ( A ,RUSSIAN NATURE W]E DISCUSS$ BUT ALSO 9T]NATIONAL QUE/IONS & ! WORK ( ! =EIGN SECTION ( \R ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,AT ! REQUE/ ( ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ! C5TRAL ORGAN ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT & A GR\P ( P>TY LIT]>Y WORK]S1 ! EXILES ,G4 ,PYATAKOV1 ,N4 ,BUKH>9 & O!RS1 ! ,BUREAU EXAM9$ ! QUE/IONS ( ! DIFF]5CES ON ! NATIONAL QUE/ION :I* HAD >IS5 ABROAD & C>RI$ ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTION3 

,HAV+ LI/5$ TO COMRADE ,BEL59'S /ATEM5T CONC]N+ ! DIFF]5CES AMONG ! COLLABORATORS ON ! P>TY PRESS OV] P>TICUL> PO9TS 9 ! P>TY'S PROGRAM & TACTICS1 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU DEEMS IT ESS5TIAL TO BR+ ! FOLL[+ TO ! ATT5TION ( ! C5TRAL ORGAN'S $ITORIAL BO>D ABROAD3 

7#a7 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 /AT+ ITS FULL SOLID>ITY ) ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE'S BASIC L9E AS C>RI$ 9 ! C5TRAL ORGAN1 ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT1 EXPRESSES ITS WI% ?AT ALL ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS BE $IT$ 9 A /RICTLY CONSI/5T FA%ION 9 COMPLETE COMPLIANCE ) ! L9E ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ADOPT$ FROM ! />T ( ! W>4 

7#b7 ,! ,BUREAU DECL>ES ITSELF AGA9/ ! CONV]SION ( ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ORGANS 9TO DISCUSSION PAP]S4 

7#c7 ,! ,BUREAU F9DS ?AT ! DIV]G5CES BETWE5 CONTRIBUTORS & ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ! C5TRAL ORGAN ON P>TICUL> QUE/IONS ( ! M9IMUM PROGRAM MU/ NOT =M AN OB/ACLE TO ! P>TICIPATION ( !SE 9DIVIDUALS 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE'S PUBLICATIONS & IT PROPOSES ?AT ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ! C5TRAL ORGAN ACCEPT !IR COLLABORATION ON O!R QUE/IONS /&+ \TSIDE ! >EA ( DISAGREEM5T4 

7#d7 ,! ,BUREAU PROPOSES ?AT 9 ORD] TO CL>IFY & ELIM9ATE ! DIFF]5CES1 PRIVATE PUBLI%]S %\LD BE US$ BO? 9SIDE ,RUSSIA & ABROAD TO ISSUE SPECIAL COLLECTIONS ( DISCUSSION >TICLES4 

,WE W]E CONFRONT$ ) ! PROBLEM ( ! 0UNIFI]S01 :O W]E RI<T+ AGA9/ ! FACTIONAL SITUATION PREVAL5T 9 ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,9 ! FIR/ YE> ( ! W>1 AN >TICLE WAS ISSU$ ILLEGALLY BY !M1 H&WRITT5 & HECTOGRAPH$1 GIV+ HI/ORICAL DATA ON ! SPLITS 9 ! P>TIES ( O!R C\NTRIES4 ,ON ! BASIS ( ?IS 0FI<T = UNITY0 )9 ! P>TY !RE APPE>$ A NEW POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATS :I* ASSUM$ ! TITLE ( ! ,9T]-,DI/RICT ,COMMITTEE4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION WAS BORN 9 #aiac & HAD A C]TA9 L9K ) ! 0,C5TRAL ,GR\P0 CREAT$ 9 ! SAME YE> TO REBUILD ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE AFT] ! RAVAGES ( #aiab & E>LY #a#i#a#c4 

,DUR+ ! W> P]IOD1 CRIES = UNITY HAD ABAT$ CONSID]ABLY AS ME*ANICAL UNITY F\ND NO ACCEPTANCE 9 P>TY RANKS4 ,9 ! YE>S :I* HAD ELAPS$ S9CE ! SPLIT 9 ! ,DUMA FACTION1 ! EXI/5CE ( ! TWO P>TIES HAD BECOME SO FIRMLY E/ABLI%$ ?AT !RE REMA9$ LITTLE ( ! SIMPLE DESIRE = 0UNITY AT ANY PRICE04 ,9 ! PROCESS ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE ! ,M5%EVIK SOCIAL DEMOCRATS HAD TURN$ 9TO AN ADJUNCT ( 0PUBLIC OP9ION0 & SUNK TO ! DEP? ( ADAPT+ WORK+-CLASS POLITICS TO ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE4 ,! W> HAD EXPOS$ ALL !SE FEATURES ( ,M5%EVISM P>TICUL>LY %>PLY4 

,! 0UNIFI]S0 FROM ! ,9T]-,DI/RICT ,COMMITTEE BECAME A ?IRD FACTION4 ,9 ! SPH]E ( POLICY !Y FULLY ACCEPT$ \R ATTITUDE TO ! W>1 EV5 9CLUD+ CIVIL W>1 & ! TASKS ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9 IT4 ,?IS DID NOT PREV5T !M H[EV] FROM DREAM+ ( UNITY ) ?OSE AGA9/ :OM !Y1 DAILY & H\RLY1 CONDUCT$ AGITATION & FROM :OM !Y 9 EV]Y WAY S\<T TO DISSOCIATE !MSELVES4 ,SU* AN ATTITUDE BY 0NON-FACTIONAL0 SOCIAL DEMOCRATS PRES5T$ ! WOR/ =M ( FACTIONALISM & LACK$ EV5 A %AD[ ( PR9CIPLE4 

,BY MAK+ USE ( OLD ACQUA9TANCES1 ! ,9T]-,DI/RICT ,COMMITTEE WAS 9 #aiaf ATTEMPT+ TO GA!R COMRADES UND] ! FLAG ( UNITY1 BUT ?IS WAS N[ \T ( FA%ION4 ,! RESOLUTION1 ACCOMPANI$ AS IT WAS BY A NOTE ON UNITY1 WAS SO VACU\S ?AT IT DID NOT REALLY REQUIRE REFUTATION4 ,! ,9T]-,DI/RICT'S IT* = UNITY F9ALLY 5D$ UP ) ! ,COMMITTEE SPEAK+ SIMULTANE\SLY = ,BOL%EVIKS & ,M5%EVIKS 9 ITS PROCLAMATIONS4 

,! EXI/5CE ( SEP>ATE P>TIES ) SEEM+LY 0ID5TICAL0 PROGRAMS WAS CONSID]$ BY SOME UNIFI] COMRADES TO BE ! CAPRICE ( 9DIVIDUAL FIGURES & A MANIFE/ATION ( 0IMPATI5CE01 SECT>IANISM & SO =?4 ,! 5?USIA/S = 0UNITY0 HAD OV]LOOK$ ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9T AB\T ! HI/ORY ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T 9 \R C\NTRY1 NAMELY1 ?AT A SECTION ( SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC P>TY WORK]S HAD COME =W>D & AL?\< =MALLY RECOGNIZ+ ! PROGRAM & TACTICS ( 09T]NATIONAL SOCIAL DEMOCRACY0 W]E 9 ESS5CE ALI5 TO ITS REVOLUTION>Y CONT5T4 ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 

C\LD N[ OBS]VE ! EM]G5CE ( A PURELY 0LIB]AL WORK]S' P>TY0 FROM ITS [N DEP?S & UND] ! CLOAK ( ITS [N PROGRAM4 ,) EA* DAY ?AT PASS$1 ! W> DEMON/RAT$ ! RI<TNESS ( ?IS VIEW4 ,:5 DISCUSS+ ! WORK & PROPOSALS ( ! 0UNIFI]S0 WE DID NOT CONCEAL \R NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TO 0BL9D UNITY04 ,BUT SOON EV5 ! UNIFI]S BEGAN TO RE/RICT ! CIRCLES ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATS !Y CONSID]$ WOR? UNIFY+ )4 ,DUR+ ! W> !Y PROPOS$ TO UNITE JU/ ! 09T]NATIONALI/S04 ,TO ?AT WE REPLI$3 0,LET US GET TO WORK & \R ACTIVITY WILL UNITE BETT] ?AN ANY RESOLUTIONS40 
  

,! ,FOOD ,CRISIS 

,! FOOD CRISIS TOOK ! =M ( A RAPID RISE 9 ! PRICES ( BASIC NECESSITIES1 ! P]IODIC DISAPPE>ANCE ( GOODS FROM ! M>KET & A SW+ T[>DS DO+ BUS9ESS BY 0KN[+ ! RI<T PEOPLE01 I4E4 UND]-!-C\NT] DEAL+1 & HAD ASSUM$ MAJOR PROPORTIONS BY ! ?IRD YE> ( ! W>4 ,! PROLET>IAN MASSES ( ! 9DU/RIAL REGIONS FELT ?IS CRISIS ESPECIALLY H>%LY4 ,UNRE/ & /RIKES OV] ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+ HAD />T$ 9 #a#i#a#e4 ,9 #aiaf LOOT+ ( M>KETS OCCURR$ 9 ,PET]SBURG4 ,! BURD5 ( ! FOOD CRISIS /RUCK ABOVE ALL AT WORK+ WOM5 & WORK]S' WIVES & MO!RS :O W]E =C$ ) EXTREMELY LIMIT$ RES\RCES TO F9D WAYS & MEANS ( :E$L+ \T HO>D$ PRODUCTS & BECAME ! FIR/ TO JO9 ! FI<T AGA9/ EM]G5T SPECULATION4 

,S5S+ A ?REAT FROM ! HUNGRY MASSES1 ! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE ALSO />T$ A 0/RUGGLE0 AGA9/ ! FOOD CRISIS4 ,! 9DU/RIALI/S GR\P$ TOGE!R 9 ! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,FACTORY & ,PLANT ,[N]S W]E ! FIR/ TO FEEL ! EFFECTS ( ! TR\BLES 9 FOOD SUPPLY & DI/RIBUTION3 WORK]S W]E />T+ TO TABLE PAY CLAIMS4 ,! FACTORY & PLANT [N]S DECID$ TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! CRISIS TO 9T5SIFY ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK]S BY ORGANIZ+ SUPPLIES ?R\< ! PLANTS4 

,FROM ! V]Y FIR/ DAYS ( ! W>1 ! GOV]NM5T HAD BE5 COMPELL$ TO ADOPT A L9E ( 9T]V5TION & PRICE CONTROL4 ,PRICE CONTROL APPLI$ H[EV] *IEFLY TO SMALL TRAD]S4 ,:OLESALE M]*ANTS & BIG /ORES W]E UND] NO RE/RICTION & !RE=E ! CONTROLS FREQU5TLY L$ SIMPLY TO ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ITEMS FROM SMALL %OPS4 

,ALL ! PATRIOTIC L&[N]S /OOD \T AGA9/ ! REGULATION ( GRA9 PRICES4 ,! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T PASS$ ! BUS9ESS ( SUPPLY+ C]EAL PRODUCTS DIRECTLY 9TO ! H&S ( ! L&[N]S !MSELVES OR !IR AG5TS4 ,! L&[N]S W]E H>DLY LIKELY TO OBJECT TO ?AT1 & ?R\< V>I\S BODIES 79 P>TICUL>1 ! CONGRESS ( FOOD SUPPLY COMMISSION]S' DELEGATES HELD 9 #a#i#a#f7 SET EXCE$+LY HI< M9IMUM PRICES = GRA9 PRODUCTS4 ,?IS POLICY ( M9IMUM PRICES GREATLY ASSI/$ PR(ITE]+ & PROMPT$ GRA9 PRODUC]S TO HO>D GRA9 9 ANTICIPATION ( YET HI<] PRICES TO COME4 

,PROV9CIAL GOV]NORS W]E ALSO BR\<T 9TO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! FOOD CRISIS & SPECIAL COMMISSION]S W]E APPO9T$4 ,! DIV]G5CE ( 9T]E/ BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T GR\PS ( EXPLOIT]S 9 ! BUS9ESS ( SUPPLY+ FOOD TO ! POPULACE & >MY1 & ! 9DU/RIALI/S' /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! L&[N]S & !IR M9IMUM PRICES1 L$ EV]Y GOV]NOR & PROV9CIAL COMMISSION] TO BAN ! EXPORT ( GRA9 FROM HIS PROV9CE1 YET )\T ANY OV]ALL PLAN4 ,V]Y (T5 ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S F\ND !MSELVES %ORT ( ! MO/ ESS5TIAL ITEMS4 ,WE RECEIV$ REPORTS FROM WORK]S LIKE ! ONE BEL[3 

,9 ,BRYANSK C\NTY1 ,OREL PROV9CE1 !RE IS NO RYE FL\R1 SALT1 P>AFF9 OR SUG>4 ,9 ,BRYANSK A P\ND ( SUG> CO/S FROM ONE TO ONE RUBLE FIFTY4 ,DISCONT5T IS RIFE & MORE ?AN ONCE !RE HAVE BE5 /RIKES 9 ! FACTORIES & PLANTS ) ! DEM& = 0FL\R & SUG>04 ,!RE IS 9 ,BRYANSK C\NTY A VILLAGE CALL$ ,/>1 :]E !RE IS 9 ! VILLAGE A FACTORY MAK+ GLASS PRODUCTS :I* BELONGS TO ! ,MALTSOV COMPANY & IS 5GAG$ ON W> CONTRACTS4 ,WORK]S !RE /RUCK ON #h ,OCTOB] BECAUSE !Y HAD NOT EAT5 BREAD = TWO WEEKS1 HAV+ ONLY POTATOES3 !Y SELECT$ TWO SPOKESM5 & S5T !M TO ! FACTORY MANAG] ) A DEM& = FL\R & SUG> 7= ! COMPANY HAD UND]TAK5 TO PROCURE ! ITEMS AT PRE-W> PRICES AS IT KEPT WAGES ALSO AT PEACETIME LEVELS74 ,! MANAG] C\LD NOT GIVE AN ANSW] BUT JU/ MADE PROMISES4 ,BUT ! FOLL[+ DAY ! TWO SPOKESM5 W]E >RE/$ AS UNRELIABLE ELEM5TS & HELD UND] EM]G5CY REGULATIONS2 TWO DAYS LAT] ! WORK]S W5T BACK BUT /ILL DID NOT GET ! BREAD4 ,!RE IS NO ORGANIZATION AT ! FACTORY4 

,LYUD9OVO VILLAGE1 ,ZHIZDRA C\NTY1 ,KALUGA PROV9CE4 ,!RE IS AN 5G9E]+ & M9+ WORKS 9 ! VILLAGE BELONG+ TO ! ,MALTSOV COMPANY4 ,!RE >E SOME #e1 WORK]S AT ! PLANT & A SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION4 ,! ORGANIZATION CONSI/S ( TW5TY PEOPLE BUT IT HAS NO CONTACTS OR LIT]ATURE4 ,! PLANT WORKS = ! DEF5SE 9DU/RY4 ,ON ! OCCASION ( A %ORTAGE ( FOOD PRODUCTS & BECAUSE ( ! HI< PRICES1 ! WORK]S 9 ,SEPTEMB] W5T ON /RIKE DEM&+ A RISE ( #ge P] C5T4 ,! /RIKE LA/$ TWO DAYS2 !Y SETTL$ AT #e P] C5T4 ,9 ,OCTOB] 7DUR+ ! LA/ TWO DAYS7 AN ACUTE %ORTAGE ( FL\R & SUG> WAS EXP]I5C$ !RE AS WELL4 ,FL\R HAD REA*$ FIVE RUBLES A POOD4 ,! WORK]S /RUCK AGA91 PUTT+ =W>D ! DEM& 0BREAD & SUG>0 & PAY RISES FROM #be P] C5T TO #a P] C5T1 DEP5D+ ON ! P>TICUL> WORK]'S RATE4 ,!Y W]E \T = A DAY & A HALF4 ,FL\R WAS OBTA9$ & T5 P\NDS EA* WAS DI/RIBUT$ TOGE!R ) A P\ND & A HALF ( SUG>1 & WAGES W]E 9CREAS$ BY UP TO #ge P] C5T4 ,FROM #ac TO #af ,NOVEMB] ,I /AY$ 9 ! T[N ( ,ZHIZDRA1 ,KALUGA PROV9CE4 ,!RE WAS AN ACUTE %ORTAGE ( DOME/IC ITEMS2 AT ALL TIMES !RE WAS NO FL\R1 SUG> OR P>AFF9 AT ALL4 ,NO COMMODITIES O!R ?AN HAY W]E BE+ BR\<T 9 FROM ! VILLAGES4 ,I !N TRAVEL$ R\ND ! VILLAGES3 GRUMBL+1 DISCONT5T & A VAGUE APPREH5SION ALL >\ND4 

,:ILE ! PRICES ( ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE W]E REL5TLESSLY RIS+1 ! WAGES ( ! MAJORITY ( WORK]S LAGG$ F> BEH9D ! CO/ ( LIV+4 ,9 MANY SECTORS ( 9DU/RY MALE ADULT LABOR WAS BE+ SUPPLANT$ BY *EAP FEMALE & *ILD LABOR4 ,! EMPLOY]S SUCCE$$ 9 SPLITT+ ALONG GRADE L9ES1 SEP>AT+ (F ! HI<LY SKILL$1 PAY+ GOOD MONEY ON C]TA9 MA*9ES :ILE KEEP+ ! REMA9+ MASS ON L[ RATES4 ,?US1 EV5 AT ! BEG9N+ ( #aiaf = EXAMPLE1 MILL+-MA*9E OP]ATORS1 TURN]S1 FITT]S & PATT]N-MAK]S W]E E>N+ FROM FIVE TO T5 RUBLES :ILE LABOR]S W]E ON AV]AGE RECEIV+ FIFTE5 KOPECKS AN H\R4 ,?IS DID NOT H[EV] /OP ! PATRIOTIC B\RGEOISIE1 :I* HAD PROSP]$ FROM ! W>1 MOAN+ AB\T ! EXCESSIVELY HI< PAY = WORK]S & !IR MOOD = EXORBITANT 0UNPATRIOTIC0 DEM&S & SO ON4 

,! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE1 ORGANIZ$ 9 ! ,UNION ( ,ZEM/VOS & ! ,UNION ( ,T[NS1 UND] PRESSURE FROM ! M\NT+ MOVEM5T 9 ! C\NTRY AGA9/ HI< PRICES1 =M$ A SPECIAL BODY 9 ,MOSC[ = WAT*+ OV] ! FOOD QUE/ION1 ) ! TITLE ( 0,C5TRAL ,PUBLIC ,ORGANIZATIONS' ,FOOD ,COMMITTEE04 ,! 9/ITUTION WAS SOON TO BECOME ! FOCUS ( ! 0CIVIC /RUGGLE0 AGA9/ ! FOOD BREAKD[N4 ,! :OLE /RUGGLE ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS & !IR C5T] CONSI/$ ( CORRECT+ ! DEFECTS ( CZ>I/ FOOD POLICY & F9D+ A L9E ?AT W\LD RECONCILE ! 9DU/RIALI/S & L&[N]S AT ! EXP5SE1 ( C\RSE1 ( ! MASS CONSUM]S4 

,! SAME TWO POLITICAL L9ES :I* HAD HI!RTO EXI/$ AMONG ! MASS ( WORK]S CONFLICT$ ALSO OV] ! QUE/ION ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! FOOD CRISIS3 ?AT ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 7COMMUNISM7 & ?AT ( ! LIB]AL OPPORTUNISM PURSU$ BY DEF5SI/S ( EV]Y T5D5CY4 ,ALL ! SOCIAL-PATRIOTIC DEF5SI/ ELEM5TS ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 7! ,M5%EVIKS7 & ! ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES =M$ !IR C5T] = ! 0/RUGGLE AGA9/ ! FOOD CRISIS0 UND] ! EGIS ( ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #aiaf AT ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS ( ,REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEES A SPECIAL FOOD SECTION WAS =M$4 

,\R LIB]AL POLITICIANS EVAD$ ! FUNDAM5TAL CAUSE ( BO? ! FOOD SUPPLY CRISIS & ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+ AS WELL AS ! MAT]IAL H>D%IPS ( ! WORK+ CLASS >IS+ FROM IT1 NAMELY1 ! W>4 ,?IS WAS NOT ?R\< IGNORANCE OR IMMATURITY ON ! P>T ( ! ,LABOR ,GR\P REPRES5TATIVES4 ,?IS EVASION ( ! FUNDAM5TAL CAUSE ( ALL ! PEOPLE'S ILLS WAS ! NUB ( ! DEF5SI/S' POLITICS4 ,EV5 ! 0W> 9DU/RIES SOCIALI/S0 C\LD NOT HELP UND]/&+ ?IS3 ONCE HAV+ ACCEPT$ ! W>1 !Y HAD TO C>RY !IR BETRAYAL ( ! WORK+ CLASS ?R\< TO ! 5D4 & 5DEAVOR TO CONCEAL ALL ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! W>4 

,! B\RGEOISIE TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! 0LABOR REPRES5TATIVES0 TO DIV]T ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE 9TO ALL SORTS ( HOLL[ TRIVIALITIES LIKE CO-OP]ATIVES1 PUBLIC CANTE5S & O!R SU* HALF-MEASURES4 ,! FACTORY & PLANT [N]S W\LD GLADLY MEET WORK]S' WI%ES HALFWAY :5 IT WAS A MATT] ( ORGANIZ+ CANTE5S 9SIDE ! FACTORIES & PLANTS4 

,! ,LABOR ,GR\P ( ! ,C5TRAL ,W> ,9DU/RIES ,COMMITTEE S5T A DELEGATION TO ! ,PET]SBURG ,CITY ,DUMA TO TRY & IMPRESS ON ! ,PET]SBURG ,FA!RS ( ,SPECULATION ! NE$ TO ORGANIZE PUBLIC CANTE5S = ! CAPITAL'S WORK+ POPULATION4 ,AFT] RA!R A LONG P]IOD ( WAIT+ ! ,CITY ,DUMA ALLOTT$ #b#e1 RUBLES TO ! CITY GU>DIANS ( ! POOR = ! ORGANIZATION ( PUBLIC CANTE5S4 ,) ?IS MONEY IT WAS PROPOS$ TO OP5 SOME N9E CANTE5S ) A DAILY CAPACITY ( #h1 PEOPLE4 ,?AT WAS :AT ! CITY'S 0AID0 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ! FOOD SUPPLY BREAKD[N WAS LIMIT$ TO4 

,DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES SOCIALI/S & ! ,W> ,9DU/RIES CAPITALI/S !N >OSE OV] ! QUE/ION ( ! ORGANIZATION ( ! CANTE5S4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] #aiaf ! ,LABOR ,GR\P CONV5$ A CONF]5CE ( REPRES5TATIVES ( HOSPITAL FUNDS & C]TA9 COOP]ATIVES REPRES5T+ DEF5SI/ ELEM5TS GR\P$ >\ND ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS4 

,AS A RESULT ( ?IS CONF]5CE1 A 0,CANTE5 ,C5T]0 WAS CREAT$1 CONSI/+ ( FIFTE5 REPRES5TATIVES 7! ,PROVISIONAL ,C5TRAL ,WORK]S' ,COMMISSION = ! ,ORGANIZATION ( ,WORK]S' ,CANTE5S74 ,AGITATION = ! OP5+ ( CANTE5S WAS CONDUCT$ >\ND ,PET]SBURG'S FACTORIES & PLANTS4 ,! MO/ 0A/UTE0 & =W>D-LOOK+ MANUFACTUR]S & PLANT-[N]S QUICKLY CAME =W>D TO MEET !SE DEM&S1 AS !Y HAD AN 9T]E/ 9 =E/ALL+ CLAIMS = HI<] WAGES1 & PROVID$ FUNDS TO R5T PREMISES & EQUIP ! CANTE5S4 ,! 0MOVEM5T0 UND]TAK5 BY ! DEF5SI/S 9 FAVOR ( DEMOCRATIZ+ ! GU>DIAN%IP ( ! POOR & ORGANIZ+ 0SELF-MANAG+0 CANTE5S EFFECTIVELY RESULT$ 9 FE$+ ONLY AN 9SIGNIFICANT NUMB] ( WORK]S EMPLOY$ 9 ! ,PET]SBURG W> 9DU/RIES4 

,\R UND]GR\ND ORGANIZATIONS PRODUC$ !IR [N ASSESSM5T ( BO? ! FOOD SUPPLY CRISIS & ! CAMPAIGN TO FI<T ! FOOD CRISIS CONDUCT$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE & ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! LIB]ALS 9 ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,\R P>TY'S ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE PROPOS$ ! FOLL[+ MOTION TO ! DI/RICT & PLANT COMMITTEES ON ! SUBJECT ( FI<T+ ! FOOD CRISIS3 

,WE1 WORK]S ( ! 44444 WORKS1 HAV+ DISCUSS$ ! QUE/ION ( ! %>P5+ FOOD CRISIS1 RECOGNIZE ?AT3 

7#a7 ! FOOD CRISIS OBS]VABLE 9 ALL C\NTRIES IS AN 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ! CURR5T W> :I* HAS LATT]LY ACQUIR$ ! *>ACT] ( A W> ( ATTRITION2 

7#b7 ! CONT9UANCE ( ! W> WILL 5TAIL A DEEP5+ ( ! FOOD CRISIS1 FAM9E1 POV]TY & ! DEG5]ATION ( ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE2 

7#c7 9 ,RUSSIA ! FOOD CRISIS IS COMPLICAT$ BY ! CONT9U$ RULE ( ! CZ>I/ MON>*Y :I* PLACES ! C\NTRY'S :OLE ECONOMY 9 A /ATE ( COMPLETE DISLOCATION1 SURR5D]+ IT TO ! :IM ( RAPACI\S CAPITAL & RU?LESSLY SUPPRESS+ ANY 9ITIATIVE BY ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE2 

7#d7 ALL PIECEMEAL MEANS ( FI<T+ ! FOOD CRISIS 7E4G4 CO-OP]ATIVES1 WAGE RISES1 CANTE5S ETC47 CAN ONLY M>G9ALLY MITIGATE ! EFFECTS ( ! CRISIS & NOT ELIM9ATE ! CAUSES2 

7#e7 ! ONLY EFFECTIVE MEANS ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CRISIS IS A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CAUSES PRODUC+ IT1 I4E4 A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! W> & ! RUL+ CLASSES :I* PLOTT$ IT2 9 TAK+ ALL ?IS 9TO ACC\NT1 WE CALL UPON ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS & ALL DEMOCRATS TO TAKE ! ROAD ( A REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CZ>I/ MON>*Y & ! RUL+ CLASSES BEH9D ! SLOGAN ( 0,D[N ) ! W>60 

,?IS MOTION WAS ADOPT$ AT G5]AL WORKS MEET+S 9 MANY MAJOR 5T]PRISES4 ,! ASSESSM5T ( ! /RUGGLE & LIKEWISE ! CAUSES ( ! CURR5T FOOD CRISIS W]E GIV5 \T BY \R V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! =M ( SPECIAL SETS ( /UDY NOTES1 !SES OR ABRIDG$ >TICLES1 & DI/RIBUT$ >\ND WORKS COMMITTEES AS GUIDEL9ES = !IR WORK4 ,A *>ACT]I/IC FEATURE ( ALL ! >TICLES & DOCUM5TS WAS ! !ME ( 0BROAD DEMOCRATISM0 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( PROVISION+ ! URBAN POPULATION4 ,! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,FACTORY & ,PLANT ,[N]S1 HAV+ A VE/$ 9T]E/ 9 /ABLE WAGE-RATES1 DECL>$ ITSELF 9 FAVOR ( DIVID+ WORK]S BY MAK+ SPECIAL FOOD SUPPLY >RANGEM5TS = C]TA9 CATEGORIES4 ,NOR WAS ! GOV]NM5T OPPOS$ TO SU* AN APPROA*1 & P>TLY IMPLEM5T$ SIMIL> MEASURES 9 /ATE-[N$ PLANTS4 ,! REMA9D] ( ! POPULATION WAS ?US 9CIT$ AGA9/ !SE WORK]S4 ,A SPLIT BETWE5 0PRIVATE0 & 0/ATE0 9DU/RY W\LD EV5 P5ETRATE )9 A S+LE PROLET>IAN FAMILY4 ,WORK]S S5S$ ?IS DANG] & REACT$ NEGATIVELY4 ,!IR ORIG9 >\S$ ! PROLET>IANS' CLASS CAUTION4 

,ALL 5]GIES ( ! ,UNIONS ( ,ZEM/VOS & ,T[NS & ! CO-OP]ATIVES W]E DIRECT$ T[>DS ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! FOOD CRISIS2 BUT ALL !IR EF=TS PROV$ FRUITLESS4 ,BREAD 9CREAS+LY (T5 DISAPPE>$ FROM SALE4 ,MANY BASIC NECESSITIES HAD 5TIRELY LEFT ! 0OP5 M>KET01 MOV+ VOLUNT>ILY OV] TO ! 0UND]-!-C\NT]0 SECTOR4 

,! WORK+ POPULATION SUFF]$ GREAT H>D%IPS4 ,UNRE/ OV] ! %ORTAGE ( FOOD PRODUCTS ROLL$ ACROSS FROM ONE CITY DI/RICT TO ANO!R1 EMBRAC+ EV] WID] CIRCLES ( WORK+ WOM51 WORK]S' WIVES & H\SEWIVES4 ,QUITE (T5 UNRE/ TOOK ON A TURBUL5T NATURE LIKE ! LOOT+ ( %OPS & ! BEAT+-UP ( TRAD]S1 POLICE & O!RS1 BUT IT WAS /ILL P[]LESS TO BR+ D[N PRICES OR R$UCE ! SCALE ( ! M\NT+ SPECULATION4 ,! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T & B\RGEOIS ORGANIZATIONS C\LD NOT & W\LD NOT FI<T ! PR$ATORY 9T]E/S ( M]*ANT CAPITAL & ! L&[N]S1 9DU/RIALI/S & GRA9 BUY]S-UP4 ,ALL ( ?IS EAS$ \R UND]GR\ND WORK ( EXPLA9+ ! CAUSES ( ! APPROA*+ FAM9E4 ,9 \R FI<T AGA9/ ! FOOD CRISIS WE CONC5TRAT$ WORK]S' ATT5TION ON ! FUNDAM5TAL CAUSE - ! W> - & CALL$ WORK]S TO AN ORGANIZ$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! W> & \R C\NTRY'S RUL+ CLASSES4 
  

,! ,FOOD ,QUE/ION 9 ! ,/ATE ,DUMA 

,! QUE/ION ( ! /ATE ( FOOD SUPPLY WAS PUT D[N = DISCUSSION 9 ! ,DUMA = ! 5D ( ,NOVEMB]1 ON ! #b#d?4 ,! ACT+ HEAD ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,AGRICULTURE1 ,RITTI*1 SPOKE ON BEHALF ( ! 0R5EW$0 GOV]NM5T4 ,9 HIS SPEE* HE EXPRESS$ HIS READ9ESS TO WORK ) ! ,DUMA1 & /AT$ ?AT BECAUSE ( HIS %ORT P]IOD 9 (FICE HE WAS UNABLE TO GIVE A REPLY CONC]N+ ! GOV]NM5T'S PROGRAM4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ,RITTI* MADE A TYPICAL RES]VATION3 

0,I CONSID] ?AT ONLY MEASURES ( A GRADUAL EVOLUTION>Y NATURE >E POSSIBLE 9 ! COMPLEX SPH]E ( ECONOMIC RELATIONS4 ,I REJECT ANY ABRUPT BREAK40 

,MANY SPEAK]S CAME =W>D ON QUE/IONS ( FOOD POLICY4 ,AT ?IS SITT+ TOO1 ! LEAD+ ROLE FELL TO ! ,CADETS1 :OSE REPRES5TATIVE1 ,%+>EV1 DELIV]$ A MO/ 9/RUCTIVE SPEE*4 ,HE PO9T$ TO ! SYMPTOMATIC EMPT9ESS ON ! GOV]NM5T B5* & COMP>$ ?IS ) ! EMPT9ESS )9 ! ,C\NCIL ( ,M9I/]S ITSELF1 :]E 0NEI!R KN[L$GE1 PLAN NOR SY/EM0 C\LD BE LOCAT$4 

0,DUR+ ! W> F\R M9I/]S ( AGRICULTURE & SIX M9I/]S ( ! 9T]IOR HAD SUCCE$$ ONE ANO!R1 ) ! RESULT ?AT NONE ( !M KNEW :AT TO DO OR :AT HIS PR$ECESSOR HAD DONE40 

,HE W5T ON TO GIVE ! EXAMPLE ( ! ANN\NCEM5T ( A RECRUITM5T CAMPAIGN TIM$ = #ae ,JULY1 AT ! V]Y HEI<T ( ! GRA9 H>VE/4 ,IT HAD ONLY BE5 ) 5ORM\S EF=T ?AT ,DUMA MEMB]S MANAG$ 9 A SPECIAL SITT+ TO OBTA9 ! REPEAL ( ! ORD]4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS MIX-UP 0! H>VE/ 9 A :OLE NUMB] ( >EAS HAD TO HE BR\<T 9 BY NON-,RUSSIAN MANP[]04 ,& EV5 !N ! GOV]NM5T DID NOT FAIL TO CREATE A %AMBLES3 

,/URM]'S TELEGRAM >RIVES 9 BO? ,TURKE/AN & ! ,KIR<IZ REGIONS & CONSCRIPTION ( NON-,RUSSIANS BEG9S DUR+ WORK+ H\RS4 ,RESULT3 GRAVE & SUB/ANTIAL DISORD] 9 ?OSE DI/RICTS & CONSEQU5T LOSS ( MANP[] = ! F>MS4 ,M9I/] ,NAUMOV MANAG$ ) SOME DIFFICULTY 9 PUTT+ PRISON]-(-W> LABOR TO USE2 BUT H]E TOO ! GOV]NM5T SWIFTLY DISRUPT$ ! PLAN BY 9SI/+ ?AT PRISON]S-(-W> BE TAK5 (F F>M WORK4 ,! SAME ,NAUMOV N[ TACKLES ! QUE/ION ( FIX$ PRICES & !N ,NAUMOV RESIGNS4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,NOBILITY C&IDATE1 ,C\NT ,A4,A4 ,BOBR9SKY1 :O SUCCE$S HIM1 BECOMES GRADUALLY CONV9C$ ( ! NE$ TO SET FIX$ PRICES &1 AFT] A TITANIC /RUGGLE1 FIX$ PRICES >E PASS$ AT A SPECIAL CONF]5CE4 ,A PROCUREM5T ORGANIZATION IS ONLY JU/ (F ! GR\ND :5 ALL ( A SUDD5 ,C\NT ,BOBR9SKY HAS ! BRI<T IDEA ?AT ! FIX$ PRICES P]HAPS AFT] ALL %\LD BE REVIS$4 ,A NEW ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR APPE>S ON ! SC5E .<HE IS REF]R+ TO ,PROTOPOPOV - ,A4,S4.> & A CURI\S /AGE FI<T />TS UP BETWE5 HIM & ,C\NT ,BOBR9SKY4 ,C\NT ,BOBR9SKY REALLY WANTS TO GIVE UP HIS JOB .<I4E4 TO H& FOOD MATT]S FROM ! ,M9I/RY ( ,AGRICULTURE OV] TO ! ,M9I/RY ( ! ,9T]IOR - ,A4,S4.> & IT WAS ONLY HIS [N ORGANIZATION1 HIS [N M9I/RY & A MAJORITY ON ! ,C\NCIL ( ,M9I/]S :I*1 CONFRONT$ BY ,PROTOPOPOV'S RIS+ />1 D5I$ HIM ! *ANCE ( W9D+ UP HIS BUS9ESS 444 ,PROTOPOPOV DREAMS ( PULL+ ! BANKS 9TO ! PROCUREM5T ORGANIZATION & W\LD LIKE TO APPROA* PROV9CIAL GOV]NORS :ILE ,BOBR9SKY PUTS ON A %[ ( FI<T+ ,PROTOPOPOV6 

,%+>EV !N PASS$ ON TO DESCRIBE ! ATTEMPTS MADE TO HOLD A SPECIAL CONF]5CE ON FOOD SUPPLY2 BUT ,/URM] OV]%AD[$ ! CONF]5CE & PU%$ ?R\< 0HIS [N POLICY04 ,MEAN:ILE ! ,M9I/RY ( ,AGRICULTURE WAS PUTT+ A PLAN TOGE!R = A FOOD SUPPLY ORGANIZATION ) ! 9VOLVEM5T ( LOCAL 9T]E/S4 ,! PLAN WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! =M ( A M&ATORY REGULATION 9 A BULLET9 ( /ATUTES & GOV]NM5T ORD]S4 ,A FEW DAYS LAT]1 H[EV]1 ,C\NT ,BOBR9SKY1 T]RIFI$ ?AT ,PROTOPOPOV W\LD ORGANIZE A REVOLUTION ) ! AID ( ! C\NTY & RURAL COMMITTEES1 DEM&$ 9 A SECRET CIRCUL> 9 ! =M ( A COD$ TELEGRAM ?AT ! OP]ATION ( ! ORGANIZATION'S RULES NEWLY PROMULGAT$ BY ! S5ATE BE EV]Y:]E RESC9D$4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,%+>EV'S /ATEM5T1 9 ,RUSSIA GRA9 SURPLUS TO DEM& AM\NT$ TO #dd MILLION POODS4 

0,BUT10 HE ASK$1 0:AT IF ! C\NTRY IS CAU<T 9 ! GRIP ( A CROP FAILURE8 ,:AT IF E>LI] *AOS & ?AT E>LI] WOR?LESS PIECE ( BUS9ESS ?AT ,MR ,PRIME ,M9I/] HAS BE5 CALL+ UPON US TO UND]TAKE1 REMA9S AS BE=E8 ,:AT !N8 ,ISN'T IT ABUNDANTLY CLE> ?AT \R MA9 PRACTICAL PIECE ( BUS9ESS IS ! REMOVAL ( AN ADM9I/RATION ?AT IS UNABLE TO WORK80 

,?US ! ,CADETS ONCE AGA9 POS$ ! QUE/ION ( 0BUS9ESSLIKE0 ADM9I/RATION1 /RESS+ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T WAS 09CAPABLE0 ( WORK+ 9 A WAY NECESS>Y & B5EFICIAL TO ! LIB]AL 9DU/RIAL B\RGEOISIE4 ,T\*+ ON ! QUE/ION ( ! W>1 ,%+>EV DECL>$ ?AT 

0IT MU/ BE C>RI$ ?R\< TO ! 5D :ATEV] ! PRICE 444 ,! GOV]NM5T AT W> IS LIV+ (F Y\R RESOLVE1 = Y\ HAVE MANY TIMES ES*EW$ FA9!>T$NESS1 GOV]NM5T 9COMPET5CE &1 AT TIMES1 EV5 TREA*]\S ?\<TS4 ,IT IS PRECISELY ! ,DUMA ?AT HAS =M$ A FOCUS = ! PEOPLE'S ?\<TS & ! PEOPLE'S WILL :I* DESPITE WOR?LESS BUREAUCRATS WILL CONT9UE TO WAGE ! W> & WAGE IT UNTO ! 5D40 

,PASS+ ON TO ! QUE/ION ( FE$+ ! CIVILIAN POPULATION & >MY1 ,%+>EV /AT$ ?AT 0! MOM5T HAS COME TO TELL ! PEOPLE FROM ?IS SEAT3 ! /ATE DEM&S Y\R GRA9 BUT IT WILL GIVE AWAY ?AT GRA9 AS IT HAS GIV5 AWAY ITS *ILDR540 ,IT IS SELF-EVID5T ?AT ?IS MATT] WAS A DIRECT OBLIGATION ( ! ,DUMA =1 9 ! ,CADETS' OP9ION1 IT HAD ! 0MORAL AU?ORITY04 ,! FOOD POLICY HAD BE5 CONCEIV$ BY !M AS A POLICY = FIX$ PRICES & A /ATE TRAD+ MONOPOLY3 

0,FIX$ PRICES >E BUT ! BEG9N+ ( AN 5ORM\S DUTY TO ! /ATE4 ,A GRA9 MONOPOLY MAY HAVE TO BE 9TRODUC$ AFT] ! EXAMPLE ( ,FRANCE & ,G]MANY4 ,ONE ?+ WE DO KN[3 AN ORGANIZ$ C\NTRY IS 9V9CIBLE BUT A DISORGANIZ$ C\NTRY IS P[]LESS TO DEAL ) EV5 ITS [N BUREAUCRATS40 

,%+>EV DESCRIB$ ,RUSSIA'S DOME/IC & EXT]NAL SITUATION1 DRAW+ A HI/ORICAL P>ALLEL BETWE5 ,RUSSIA'S POSITION & ! /ATE ( ,FRANCE AT ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 

0,>E ?OSE NOT \R [N DAYS1 IS NOT ?AT \R *AOS1 IS NOT ?AT \R CRAZY BL9D ADM9I/RATION1 >E NOT ?OSE \R [N DOME/IC PROBLEMS1 >E NOT ?OSE \R [N FAILURES 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ! EXT]NAL FOE1 >E NOT ?OSE \R [N OM9\S1 EVIL RUMORS ( BETRAYAL80 

,SO ?IS ,CADET LEAD] HAD N[ TO SPELL \T ?AT1 !RE BE+ 0NO O!R WAY \T1 ! ABOLITION ( ?IS REGIME1 ! DISP]SAL ( ?AT RABBLE & REPLACEM5T ( ?AT WOR?LESS ADM9I/RATION0 WAS 9DISP5SABLE4 

,! DEBATE ON ! FOOD QUE/ION LA/$ SEV]AL DAYS1 BUT ALL ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! V>I\S P>TIES :O SPOKE ONLY REIT]AT$ ,%+>EV'S BASIC ?\<TS4 ,AMONG ! SOCIALI/ SPEAK]S WAS ,TULYAKOV1 :O MA9TA9$3 

,! FOOD CRISIS IS ESS5TIALLY A POLITICAL CRISIS1 & AL?\< IT HAS BE5 PREVI\SLY POSSIBLE TO ALLAY ! CATA/ROPHE AT H& BY MUTUAL CONCESSIONS BY ! GOV]NM5T & SOCIETY1 SWIFT & DECISIVE ACTION IS N[ VITAL4 ,! OLD REGIME HAS >RIV$ TOO LATE ) ITS CONCESSIONS & ! ROAD TO BREAD IS N[ ONLY POSSIBLE OV] ! HEAD ( ! OLD REGIME & ! GOV]NM5T EMBODY+ IT4 ,! FOOD CRISIS IS 9SOLUBLE NOT BECAUSE ! ADM9I/RATION IS )\T TAL5T1 LAZY & DISSOLUTE1 BUT BECAUSE AN ADM9I/RATION ?AT 9 NORMAL TIMES SEES ! S\RCE ( ITS WELL-BE+ 9 ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE HAS AT ! HEI<T ( ! FOOD CRISIS BE5 H&$ OV] TO L&[N]S :O DREAM ( TURN+ ,RUSSIA 9TO A NOBLEMAN'S E/ATE4 ,! WORK+ CLASS WILL GA9 NO?+ BY H&+ OV] FOOD MATT]S TO LOCAL AU?ORITIES AS LOCAL GOV]NM5T ORGANS >E 9 !IR PRES5T =M ALI5 & 9IMICAL TO ! POPULATION4 

,ON ! MODEL ( ALL OPPORTUNI/S AS WELL AS ALL DEF5SI/S1 ! REPRES5TATIVE ( ,*KHEIDZE'S FACTION DIPLOMATICALLY AVOID$ ! FUNDAM5TAL QUE/ION ( ! FOOD CRISIS1 ! W>4 ,NOR DID ,RUSANOV1 SPEAK+ = ! ,N>ODNIKS 7,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES7 UTT] A S+LE WORD AB\T ! ROOT CAUSE ( ! FOOD SUPPLY BREAKD[N4 ,BO? ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS 7,*KHEIDZE'S FACTION7 & ! ,N>ODNIKS ON ! FOOD QUE/ION W]E ACT+ AS 0\TRID]S0 TO ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC1 ?US 9 NO WAY REFLECT+ ! VIEWS ( \R C\NTRY'S REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT4 ,! DEBATES 5D$ ON #e ,DECEMB]4 ,9 ! 5D1 ! MOTION ( ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC WAS ADOPT$ 7#a#a#d VOTES =1 ) #ag AGA9/ & #hg AB/5TIONS71 :I* CONTA9$ A S]IES ( POLITICAL DETAILS & PUT =W>D ! NE$ TO E/ABLI% A FIX$ PRICE SY/EM1 ! 9VOLVEM5T ( LOCAL BODIES 9 ! APPORTIONM5T ( FOOD PRODUCTS & ! )DRAWAL ( ! GOV]NM5T FROM SU* ADM9I/RATION1 A FIRM & SY/EMATIC /ATE & PUBLIC REGULATION ( ! PRICES & PRODUCTION ( PR9CIPAL 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTS ( MASS CONSUMPTION1 ! DRAFT+ ( A PLAN = #a#i#a#g1 A C5SUS & CLASSIFICATION ( ! WORK=CE & SO ON4 ,! IMPLEM5TATION ( SU* MEASURES W\LD BE DEP5D5T ON 0COOP]ATION BETWE5 ! GOV]NM5T & PUBLIC BODIES04 ,BO? SIDES HAD BE5 /RIV+ = ?IS LOV]S' PACT4 
  

,ORGANIZ+ ,WORK+-,CLASS ,ACTION 

,! CAMPAIGN BY ! ORGANIZ$ B\RGEOISIE AGA9/ ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T DEMON/RAT$ TO ! BROADE/ & EV5 ! MO/ BACKW>D CIRCLES ( WORK]S ?AT 0P>LIAM5T>Y0 ME?ODS ( TOPPL+ CZ>I/ AUTOCRACY W\LD NOT A*IEVE !IR OBJECTIVES4 ,! /RON<OLD ( CZ>ISM WAS NOT ROCK+ BE=E ! SPEE*ES ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PROGRESSIVE BLOC1 ,N>ODNIKS & ,M5%EVIKS4 ,! GOV]NM5T REPLI$ BY /E]+ A RI<TW>D C\RSE &1 9 FULL UND]/&+ ( ! TRUE S\L ( ,RUSSIAN LIB]ALISM1 FELT CONFID5T ?AT IT W\LD F9D A WAY TO A WORK+ AGREEM5T4 

,9 RESPONSE TO ALL ! FE>FUL 0=MULAS = ! TRANSITION TO URG5T TASKS0 ADOPT$ BY ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 ! ,/ATE ,C\NCIL & EV5 ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NOBILITY1 ! CZ> BE/[$ HONORS UPON ,METROPOLITAN ,PITIRIM1 ,G5]AL ,VOEIKOV & O!RS4 ,! C\RT CAM>ILLA SU/A9$ ONE VICTORY AFT] ANO!R1 S[+ DIS9TEGRATION 9 ! RANKS ( ! >I/OCRATIC WORLD ASSOCIAT$ ) ! /RUGGLE 9 ! ,DUMA & PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS4 

,! WIDESPREAD ILLEGAL LIT]ATURE C>RY+ SPEE*ES 9 ! ,DUMA & ! ,/ATE ,C\NCIL1 LETT]S FROM LEAD+ LIB]AL FIGURES & RESOLUTIONS FROM ALL SORTS ( CONGRESSES ALL EX]CIS$ A DECOMPOS+ EFFECT UPON ! F\NDATIONS ( ! CZ>'S ?RONE4 ,DUR+ ! AUTUMN ( #aiaf ! CZ>I/ MON>*Y HAD LO/ EV5 ! SMALL CR$IT ?AT1 BACK$ UP BY ! ,PRESS1 POLICE & ,*UR*1 IT HAD =M]LY HELD AMONG BACKW>D SUP]/ITI\S SECTORS ( ! POPULATION4 ,ALL !SE REPORTS1 RUMORS1 SPEE*ES1 APPEALS & SO =? MADE A PR(\ND IMPRESSION ON ! W>-WE>Y REPRES5TATIVES ( ! C\NTRYSIDE N[ DRESS$ 9 GRAY GREATCOATS4 ,WE W]E BY N[ RECEIV+ VAGUE TALES ( H[ ,DUMA DEPUTIES' SPEE*ES AB\T TRAITORS & TURNCOATS )9 ! C\RT & ! GOV]NM5T W]E MAK+ A BIG IMPACT ON ! MASS ( ! SOLDI]S4 ,9 ?OSE SPEE*ES & ! ACCOMPANY+ TALK AB\T ! CORRUPTION ( ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T ! MASS ( SOLDI]S W]E ABLE TO F9D SOME EXPLANATION = ! >MY'S MON/R\S DEFEATS4 ,P]SI/5T RUMORS CIRCULAT+ R\ND ,PET]SBURG AT ! 5D ( #aiaf HAD IT ?AT ON ! NOR!RN FRONT SOLDI]S ( SEV]AL REGIM5TS HAD REFUS$ TO GO OV] TO ! (F5SIVE AS !Y SUSPECT$ ?AT !IR (F5SIVE & ! 5TIRE MILIT>Y OP]ATION W\LD BE BETRAY$ BY ! TRAITORS 9SIDE ! GOV]NM5T4 ,AT ! TIME IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE TO V]IFY ! RUMORS BUT SUBSEQU5TLY1 DUR+ ! REVOLUTION1 ! 9CID5TS W]E CONFIRM$ BY MEMB]S ( ! COMM& !MSELVES4 

,! OBJECTIVE GR[? ( REVOLUTION>Y MOODS & ) IT ! CRY/ALLIZATION 9 ! C\NTRY ( A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T1 ! RISE ( ! /RIKE MOVEM5T & REVOLUTION>Y FL>E-UPS POS$ BE=E US AS LEAD]S ( SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC WORK 9 ,RUSSIA 7! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU & ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE7 ! QUE/ION ( MASS /REET DEMON/RATIONS4 ,SPORADIC DISP>ATE ACTIONS1 /RIKES 9 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES OR EV5 9DIVIDUAL WORK+-CLASS DI/RICTS W]E NOT A*IEV+ ! POLITICAL OBJECTIVES = :I* !Y HAD BE5 LAUN*$1 & W]E SATISFY+ NEI!R ! MASSES 9 ! P>TY NOR BROAD] CIRCLES ( NONP>TY WORK+ MASSES4 ,! RIS+ CLASS /RUGGLE N[ REQUIR$ NEW1 MORE DECISIVE ME?ODS ?AN /RIKES4 ,\R CONVICTION AT ?AT TIME WAS ?AT A SUITABLE ME?OD ( /RUGGLE W\LD BE ON ! /REETS4 ,\R AIM TO TRANSLATE ! /RUGGLE FROM ! CONF9ES ( ! WORKPLACE & BR+ IT \T ON TO ! /REETS 9 ! =M ( DEMON/RATIONS BEYOND ! B\NDS ( ! WORK+ CLASS MET ) ! LIVELIE/ RESPONSE AMONG WORK]S4 ,WE HAD 5VISAG$ DEMON/RATIONS ALSO AS ! ONLY MEANS ( ATTRACT+ ! WID] MASS ( SOLDI]S 9TO POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,FROM ,NOVEMB] ONW>DS1 WE DISCUSS$ CONCRETE =MS ( SU* ACTION ) REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,! R\ND-UP ( \R P>TY WORK]S :I* BEGAN 9 ,NOVEMB] HAD NOT H9D]$ WIDE DISCUSSION ( \R TACTIC ( /REET DEMON/RATIONS4 

,DUR+ W>TIME1 OR1 MORE EXACTLY1 EV] S9CE ! ,JULY DAYS ( #a#i#a#d1 ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT HAD NOT TE/$ \T ITS /R5G? 9 /REET DEMON/RATIONS4 ,P>TY ORGANIZATIONS HAD1 MOREOV]1 LO/ ! HABIT ( PREP>+ SU* ACTIONS1 AL?\< ! TRADITION ( A 0PROCESSION 9TO ! CITY01 TO ! ,NEVSKY ,PROSPEKT1 WAS RE-AWAK5$ AMONG ! MASS ( WORK]S DUR+ NE>LY EV]Y /RIKE4 

,:5 CONSID]+ ?IS QUE/ION1 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU TOOK /OCK ( ! *ANG$ SITUATION FROM ! 0PEACEFUL ]A0 ( #aiad & WAS WELL AW>E ?AT CALLS = /REET DEMON/RATIONS W\LD 9V>IABLY F9I% UP ) FI<T+ & BLOODY CLA%ES4 ,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE1 ) P>TY WORK]S LIKE ,K4,I4 ,%UTKO1 ,G4 ,EVDOKIMOV1 ,V4 ,S*MIDT1 ,N4 ,ANTIPOV1 ,N4 ,TOLMA*EV & O!RS1 APPRECIAT$ ! RESPONSIBILITY 5TAIL$ 9 EMB>K+ ON SU* TACTICS & DECID$ TO UND]TAKE PREP>ATORY WORK 9 ?AT DIRECTION1 TIM+ /REET DEMON/RATIONS = ! TRADITIONAL #i ,JANU>Y CELEBRATIONS4 ,! DIRECTIVE TO PREP>E = /REET DEMON/RATIONS WAS ALSO GIV5 TO ,MOSC[1 & IT WAS PROPOS$ ?AT ,I TRAVEL !RE TO CO-ORD9ATE ! TACTICAL DETAILS ( ! *ANGE-OV] TO /REET DEMON/RATIONS ?R\<\T ! ,MOSC[ 9DU/RIAL BELT4 

,! LOSS ( ! 0MA*9]Y0 7I4E4 ! UND]GR\ND PR9T%OP7 PUT ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE 9 AN EXTREMELY DIFFICULT POSITION4 ,9 ,DECEMB] WE HAD TO PREP>E ! LEAFLETS = #i ,JANU>Y4 ,COPY WAS COLLECT$ = ! F\R? ISSUE ( ,PROLET>SKII ,GOLOS1 BUT !RE WAS NO *ANCE ( IT BE+ PR9T$ BY ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,SOLV+ ?IS PROBLEM & 9 P>TICUL> ! BUS9ESS ( PR9T+ ,PROLET>SKII ,GOLOS NO4 #d WAS UND]TAK5 BY COMRADE ,ANTIPOV1 :O HAD BE5 9 *>GE ( ORGANIZ+ ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE'S 0MA*9]Y04 ,COMRADE ,ANTIPOV CAME TO AN >RANGEM5T ) SOME PR9T]S 9 ! P>TY & PLAC$ HIS [N MAN AT ,ALTS*UL]'S PRESS ) ! OBJECT ( US+ IT = ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE'S ILLEGAL REQUIREM5TS4 ,! PUBLICATION ( ! F\R? ISSUE ( ,PROLET>SKII ,GOLOS 9 ,DECEMB] WAS ONE ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE'S MAJOR JOBS 9 PREP>ATION = ! ,JANU>Y DEMON/RATIONS4 

,UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( COMRADE ,ANTIPOV1 \R PR9T]S EVOLV$ A PLAN = US+ ,ALT%CUL]'S PR9T+ PRESS4 0,\R MAN0 WORK+ AT ! PR9T%OP W\LD WORK \T ALL ! OP]AT+ PROC$URES1 /UDY ! LAY\T ( ! PREMISES & ALL ! PECULI>ITIES ( ! %OP4 ,ANTIPOV PICK$ TWELVE OR ?IRTE5 BOLD & DET]M9$ PR9T]S FROM EA* TRADE & ON ! NI<T ( #ag ,DECEMB] !Y C>RI$ \T AN >M$ SEIZURE ( ! PR9T%OP4 ,HAV+ GA9$ CONTROL ( ! PRESS1 ! PR9T] COMRADES LOCK$ UP ! NI<T %IFT WORK+ !RE & ) !IR [N RES\RCES SET UP & ROLL$ (F SEV]AL ?\S& COPIES ( ,PROLET>SKII ,GOLOS1 F\R? ISSUE4 ,! FIR/ /AGE ( ! OP]ATION SUCCE$$ BRILLIANTLY BUT ! 5D+ WAS UN=TUNATE4 ,PEOPLE BR++ ! PAP]S \T W]E >RE/$ AT ! EXIT4 ,BUT SOME W]E ABLE TO GET ! LIT]ATURE TO ! R5DEZV\S PO9T1 ?\< FUR!R >RE/S W]E MADE ON ! SPOT4 

,AT FIR/ WE HAD IMAG9$ ?AT ! FIASCO HAD COME AB\T ?R\< A R&OM RAID BY ! POLICE :O W]E ON ! AL]T ?R\<\T ! DI/RICT FOLL[+ ,RASPUT9'S ASSASS9ATION4 ,H[EV]1 ! :OLE S]IES ( LOSSES ?AT 5SU$ AS WELL AS ! HUN*ES ( ,ANTIPOV & O!RS 9CL9$ US T[>DS ! !ORY ( A BETRAYAL4 ,A NUMB] ( 9CRIM9AT+ FACTS CONFIRM$ !SE SUSPICIONS & ALSO AF=D$ OPPORTUNITIES TO P9PO9T ! P]SON CONC]N$4 ,SUSPICION FELL UPON ! PR9T]1 ,MIKHAILOV 7ALIAS ,VANYA ! PR9T]71 TO BE CONFIRM$ LAT] BY DOCUM5TS AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION4 

,I HAD PLANN$ MY TRIP TO ,MOSC[ = #af ,DECEMB] & = GREAT] SECURITY ,I DEVOT$ DAYS ON 5D TO ]AS+ ALL TRACES ( ! 9T5SIVE SURVEILLANCE PLAC$ ON MYSELF4 ,I SUCCE$$ 9 BREAK+ FREE & F\ND MY WAY TO ! TRA9 ) A VALID TICKET QUITE UNNOTIC$4 ,I WAS 9 ,MOSC[ ! NEXT DAY4 ,I HAD A RELIABLE REFUGE 9 ,MOSC[ AT ,R4,V4 ,OBOL5SKY'S FLAT 9 ,TEPLY ,P]EULOK1 :I* V]Y USEFULLY HAD TWO 5TRANCES4 ,! SLEU?S ( ,MOSC[ DID NOT KN[ ME1 SO ?+S W]E CONSID]ABLY EASI] = ME !RE4 ,I MADE CONTACT ) ! P>TY ORGANIZATION ?R\< ,P4,G4 ,SMIDOVI*1 ,V4,P4 ,NOG91 ,I4,I4 ,SKVORTSEV1 ,M4,S4 ,OLM9SKY & A NUMB] ( O!R COMRADES :OSE NAMES ,I DO NOT RECALL4 ,I HAD A MEET+ ) A :OLE NUMB] ( 0RANK-&-FILE0 P>TY WORK]S 9 ! ,ZAMOSKVORE*IE DI/RICT1 & W5T TO A R5DEZV\S AT ! ,COLLEGE ( ,COMM]CE4 ,I E/ABLI%$ COMPLETE SOLID>ITY ) ! ,MOSC[ COMRADES ON ALL ! PROBLEMS ( 9T5SIFY+ /REET DEMON/RATIONS4 ,MOSC[ P>TY WORK]S 7! ,MOSC[ ,REGIONAL ,BUREAU ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE7 HAD ALSO DECID$ TO C>RY \T !IR FIR/ TRIAL ( /REET DEMON/RATIONS ON #i ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#g4 ,WORK]S 9 ! 9DU/RIAL DI/RICTS W]E BE+ PREP>$ = !SE DEMON/RATIONS & IT WAS DECID$ TO RUN (F A LEAFLET4 

,! MOOD ( ,MOSC[ WORK]S & ( ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 CIRCLES ( ! POPULATION WAS AK9 TO ?AT ( ,PET]SBURG4 ,MY VISIT TO ,MOSC[ CO9CID$ ) ,RASPUT9'S ASSASS9ATION & ,MOSC[ NEWSPAP]S1 :I* ON ?IS QUE/ION PROV$ TO BE FREE ( C5SOR%IP1 W]E FULL ( RELI% = ?IS PALACE 0MY/]Y04 ,!Y ATTEMPT$ TO TURN ! MURD] ( ?AT DEV\T DEBAU*EE 9TO A MO/ COLOSSAL POLITICAL EV5T1 IF NOT ! =]UNN] ( A PALACE C\P4 ,?IS ZEAL ( ! B\RGEOIS PAP]S DID BR+ C]TA9 B5EFITS BY DISCR$IT+ ! CZ>I/ BIGWIGS1 & DEALT A F9AL BL[ TO ! 0DIV9E0 PROV5ANCE ( ! CZ>'S P[]4 ,ALONGSIDE NEWSPAP] S5SATIONS AB\T ,RASPUT9 A GREAT WAVE ( RUMORS AB\T ! 9SIDE LIFE ( ! C\RT1 :I* \TDID ALL 0! SECRETS ( ! C\RT ( ,MADRID01 SWEPT ?R\< ! NEWSPAP]S4 

,AT ! 5D ( #aiaf P>TY WORK 9 ,MOSC[ ITSELF WAS TAK+ %APE 9 A V]Y *>ACT]I/IC WAY3 SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC WORK WAS C>RI$ \T 9 NE>LY ALL WORK+-CLASS DI/RICTS BUT ALL EF=TS BY ,MOSC[ COMRADES TO UNIFY WORK ON A CITY-WIDE SCALE W]E WRECK$ BY PROVOCATIONAL ACTIVITY :I* HAD WOV5 A /URDY NE/ 9SIDE ! ORGANIZATION4 ,[+ TO !SE PROVOCATIONS & ! 9T5SIVE 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL SURVEILLANCE BY ! G5D>M]IE1 WE C\LD NOT FULLY USE SOME V]Y LONG-E/ABLI%$ & IMPORTANT P>TY WORK]S :O W]E LIV+ 9 ,MOSC[ AT ?AT TIME4 ,& ON ACC\NT ( %ORTAGE ( FUNDS1 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU WAS UNABLE TO UTILIZE ! AVAILABLE =CES ( ! ,MOSC[ P>TY 9TELLIG5TSIA TO RE9=CE O!R DI/RICTS4 ,WE C\LD USE A NUMB] ( COMRADES FROM TIME TO TIME ONLY1 DESPITE ! CRY+ NE$ = P>TY WORK]S AT ! C5T] & 9 ! LOCALITIES4 

,LACK ( F9ANCIAL RES\RCES GREATLY CON/RA9$ ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 ,CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ! ORGANIZATIONS W]E EXTREMELY MODE/4 ,:AT WAS LEFT ( ! MONEY ,I HAD RAIS$ FROM ! MAT]IAL ON ! POGROMS ?AT ,I HAD SOLD 9 ,AM]ICA HAD QUICKLY DRI$ UP4 ,! HUGE JOB ( SECUR+ MAT]IAL RES\RCES FELL TO MYSELF ON TOP ( ALL ! O!R WORK4 ,! HI< CO/ ( LIV+ WEI<$ HEAVILY ON \R OP]ATIONS4 ,! NECESSITY ( SETT+ UP 0MA*9]Y0 = ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU1 ORGANIZ+ REGUL> T\RS ( ! ORGANIZATIONS & ! CONF]5CE ( P>TY ORGANIZATION ?AT WE HAD PROPOS$1 9 %ORT1 ! :OLE PLAN ( WORK WE HAD MAPP$ \T1 AT ONCE CONFRONT$ US ) A NE$ = SUB/ANTIAL FUNDS4 ,! ,BUREAU'S TREASURY WAS 9 NO POSITION TO MEET !SE REQUIREM5TS4 ,TO DEFRAY \R \TGO+S WE HAD REC\RSE TO A NUMB] ( MEASURES LIKE A PROPOS$ #a P] C5T REGUL> LEVY ON CONTRIBUTIONS FROM LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS1 SALE ( PO/C>DS & PORTRAITS ( ! CONVICT$ DEPUTIES & ALSO COLLECTIONS >\ND 0=M]0 SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC FIGURES4 ,9 ?IS FIELD WE W]E R5D]$ IMPORTANT S]VICES BY ,A4,M4 ,GORKY & ,I4,I4 ,LADYZHNIKOV :O CAME TO \R AID4 ,H[EV]1 ALL \R EF=TS TO OBTA9 F9ANCIAL SUPPORT FROM 0=M]0 SOCIAL DEMOCRATS - PEOPLE BY !N OCCUPY+ KEY PO/S 9 CAPITALI/ UND]TAK+S & PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS OR WORK+ AS TE*NICIANS & MANAG]S ) LEAD+ FIRMS & E>N+ T5S ( ?\S&S ( RUBLES - SUFF]$ FAILURE4 ,I P]SONALLY S5T PEOPLE \T TO SEE SOME ( !SE G5TLEM5 7:O >E TODAY 0COMRADES0 & MEMB]S ( \R ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY7 & S\ND$ \T ! GR\ND1 BUT )\T SUCCESS4 ,ONCE1 :5 DISCUSS+ ! PROBLEMS ( \R F9ANCIAL POLICY1 ,A4,M4 ,GORKY DEF9$ !SE 0HAS-BE5S0 MO/ APTLY3 0,!Y'D SOON] PAY Y\ = A B+E AT ! ,CUBA ?AN = UND]GR\ND WORK40 ,& H[ RI<T HE WAS4 ,V]Y FEW RESPOND$ TO \R APPEAL1 & !Y W]E COMRADES ) UNIMPORTANT POSITIONS 9 0SOCIETY0 AT ?AT TIME4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU ALSO IMPOS$ AN OBLIGATION ON ,MOSC[ COMRADES TO F9D RES\RCES = /R5G!N+ ALL-,RUSSIAN WORK1 BUT F9ANCIAL MATT]S W]E NOT TOO BRILLIANT !RE EI!R4 ,?IS LACK ( MEANS 9HIBIT$ \R WORK 9 ! EXTREME4 ,RELATIONS ) ABROAD & ! TRANSPORT ( LIT]ATURE CONSIGNM5TS REQUIR$ AMPLE RES\RCES4 ,ORGANIZATION ( POLITICAL ACTION ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA LIKEWISE REQUIR$ A GREAT DEAL ( MONEY1 BUT AS WE DID NOT HAVE IT1 ALL CONTACTS ) ! PROV9CES TOOK PLACE SPASMODICALLY4 

,WE ASSUM$ ?AT IF WE CONC5TRAT$ \R WORK ( ORGANIZ+ DEMON/RATIONS 9 ,PET]SBURG1 ,MOSC[ & ,IVANOVO-,VOZNES5SK1 \R TACTIC W\LD 9 V>I\S WAYS & ?R\< DIRECT CONTACT BETWE5 ,PET]SBURG & ,MOSC[ WORK]S & WORK]S FROM O!R >EAS BECOME G5]ALLY FAMILI> & BE ADOPT$ BY ADVANC$ PROLET>IANS FROM FACTORIES 9 ALL ! O!R 9DU/RIAL REGIONS4 
  

,! ,UND]GR\ND & ! ,9T]NATIONAL & ,CZ>I/ ,OKHRANA 

,POLITICAL SURVEILLANCE & PROVOCATION DUR+ ! W> ACQUIR$ A SCALE UNKN[N 9 ! P]IOD ( 0PEACE04 ,GOV]NM5TS & >MY ,G5]AL ,/AFFS ( ALL ! BELLIG]5T & NEUTRAL C\NTRIES S\<T TO EXPLOIT ! POLITICAL ACTIVITY ( P>TIES & ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' MOVEM5T TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ONE OR O!R BLOC ( W>R+ WORLD P[]S4 ,POLITICIANS & /RATEGI/S ( ! BELLIG]5T C\NTRIES DID NOT %UN ANY ME?ODS 9 !IR AIM TO WEAK5 !IR ADV]S>IES4 ,SPECULATION ON UNRE/1 /RIKES & EV5 REVOLUTION & ! OV]?R[ ( MON>*IES & CZ>ISM =M$ P>T ( ! /RATEGIC & MILIT>Y PLANS ( MANY BELLIG]5T C\NTRIES4 

,9T]NATIONAL MILIT>Y & POLICE SURVEILLANCE & PROVOCATION GAVE US ,BOL%EVIKS NO RESPITE EV5 :ILE ABROAD4 ,\R ANTI-W> SLOGANS & ANTI-CZ>I/ REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY C\LD NOT AVOID ATTRACT+ ! ATT5TION ( ! GOV]NM5TS ( ?OSE C\NTRIES AT W> ) ,RUSSIA & ! ,5T5TE4 ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM WAS ! FIR/ TO RECKON ON ! POSSIBILITY ( US+ \R REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-W> WORK 9 ,RUSSIA = ITS [N 5DS4 ,WE HAD =ESE5 SU* 9T5TIONS4 ,! COLLAPSE & BETRAYAL ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC P>TIES ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL MADE S*EMES = ESPIONAGE & POLITICAL ADV5TUR+ EASI] = GOV]NM5TS & !IR ,G5]AL ,/AFFS4 ,! MILIT>I/IC DESIGNS ( ! ,G]MAN & ,AU/RIAN IMP]IALI/S DID NOT1 H[EV]1 TR\BLE US1 BUT M]ELY OBLIG$ US TO BE CAUTI\S EV5 :5 ABROAD NOT TO FALL 9TO ! CLUT*ES ( ! SECRET S]VICES4 ,ALREADY 9 ! FIR/ MON?S ( ! W> !RE HAD BE5 ATTEMPTS BY ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN SECRET S]VICES TO 9FILTRATE \R RANKS4 ,BUT ! FIR/ AG5TS ( ! IMP]IALI/S W]E 0SOCIAL DEMOCRATS04 ,WE W]E FAMILI> ) ! DESIRE ( ,P>VUS1 A ,G]MAN SOCIAL-PATRIOT & BUS9ESSMAN1 TO 0ASSI/0 \R REVOLUTION>Y WORK4 ,BUT ! LEA/ H9T ( SU* ?+S W\LD BE SUFFICI5T = \R COMRADES ABROAD TO BREAK (F ALL RELATIONS ) ANYONE :O HAD ANY L9KS ) ,P>VUS OR O!R SU* G5TLEM54 

,I WAS P]SONALLY TO /UMBLE UPON A NUMB] ( ATTEMPTS BY ! SECRET S]VICE TO MOVE AMONG US1 GIVE US ASSI/ANCE & OBTA9 09=MATION04 ,! FIR/ 0TOP-GRADE0 AG5T :OM ,I HAD ANY DEAL+S ) WAS ,TROEL/RA1 ! ,DUT* SOCIALI/ & A LEAD] ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 :O 9 ,OCTOB] #aiad HAD TRAVEL$ TO ,SW$5 AS AN EMISS>Y ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,IT WAS FROM HIM ?AT ,I1 HAV+ JU/ >RIV$ FROM ,PET]SBURG1 FIR/ HE>D ! /ATEM5T ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY WAS BACK+ ITS GOV]NM5T'S W> BECAUSE ( ! DANG]S ( CZ>ISM & ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY WAS ALSO PREP>$ TO GIVE US HELP 9 \R /RUGGLE4 ,TROEL/RA WAS 7OR AT LEA/ APPE>$ TO BE7 QUITE TAK5 ABACK BY MY REFUSAL ( ! (F] & MY ANNOYANCE AT ! IDEA ( \R /RUGGLE BE+ BACK$ UP ) SIXTE5-9* %ELLS1 & HE ASK$ ME TO CONVEY MY VIEWS ON ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE'S PROPOSAL TO HIM 9 WRIT+4 ,I WROTE D[N MY REPLY TO ! PROPOSAL & H&$ IT TO ,TROEL/RA :ILE HE WAS /ILL 9 ,/OCKHOLM4 

,ALSO 9 ,/OCKHOLM !RE CAME FIR/ TO COMRADE ,A4,M4 ,KOLLONTAI & !N TO MYSELF ,KESKULA1 AN ,E/ONIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRAT4 ,:5 WE MET HE TRI$ TO MAKE PLAY ( HIS CONTACTS & ACQUA9TANCE ) COMRADES ,L591 ,Z9OVIEV & O!R MEMB]S ( \R =EIGN C5T]S4 ,KESKULA BEHAV$ 9 A V]Y ODD WAY1 DECL>+ HIMSELF 9 FAVOR ( A ,G]MAN ORI5TATION TO \R POLICY1 F9ALLY (F]+ ME HIS GOOD (FICES IF WE REQUIR$ HIS HELP 9 OBTA9+ >MS1 A PR9T+ PRESS & O!R MEANS ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ CZ>ISM4 ,HIS CONDUCT SEEM$ MO/ SUSPICI\S TO US & WE AT ONCE FELT HIM TO BE AN AG5T ( ! ,G]MAN ,G5]AL ,/AFF & NOT ONLY TURN$ D[N HIS (F] BUT ALSO BROKE (F ALL RELATIONS ) HIM4 ,HIS CONNECTIONS 9 ,SW$5 W]E CONSID]ABLE4 ,HE HAD CONTACTS ) ,F9NI% 0ACTIVI/S01 FRI5DS 9SIDE ! ,RUSSIAN EMBASSY & ALSO 9 ,RUSSIAN BANK+ & 9SURANCE CIRCLES4 

,\R REFUSAL TO HAVE DEAL+S ) ,KESKULA DID NOT PRECLUDE FUR!R ATTEMPTS BY HIM TO P5ETRATE \R MID/ ?R\< O!R 9DIVIDUALS4 ,AT ! 5D ( #a#i#a#e1 WE UNCOV]$ A L9K BETWE5 ,BOGROVSKY1 ! SECRET>Y ( ! ,/OCKHOLM GR\P ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P7,B7 & ,KESKULA4 ,AN 9VE/IGATION E/ABLI%$ ?AT ! =M] HAD RECEIV$ MONEY FROM ,KESKULA1 AL?\< HE HAD US$ IT = P]SONAL PURPOSES ONLY4 ,= 9FR++ ! RESOLUTION ON ! 9ADMISSIBILITY ( RELATIONS ) ,KESKULA1 ,BOGROVSKY WAS EXPELL$ FROM ! P>TY & ! 9CID5T =C$ US TO BE EV5 MORE PRUD5T 9 DRAW+ PEOPLE 9 TO ASSI/ \R REVOLUTION>Y WORK4 

,! 9VE/IGATION ( ,BOGROVSKY'S ACTIVITY & HIS DEAL+S ) ,KESKULA WAS CONDUCT$ BY COMRADES ,N4 ,BUKH>9 & ,G4 ,PYATAKOV4 ,WE SOON MANAG$ TO FALL ON FRE% CLUES TO A R+ ( ESPIONAGE SURR\ND+ \R ,/OCKHOLM GR\P ( ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,WE SUCCE$$ 9 F9D+ EVID5CE ( ,KESKULA'S CONNECTION ) ! ,DANI% LEFT SOCIALI/1 ,KRUSE1 :O HAD BE5 DEPORT$ FROM ,NORWAY4 

,9 #aiae OR #aiaf ,I HAD AN 5C\NT] ) ,KRUSE AT ! ,DANI% ,HOTEL ,DAGM> 9 ,PET]SBURG4 ,HIS >RIVAL 9 ,RUSSIA SEEM$ TO ME HI<LY SUSPICI\S & HIS EXPLANATION1 A V]Y MUDDL$ ONE1 ONLY CONFIRM$ MY CREEP+ DI/RU/ ( HIM4 ,:5 AT ,N4,M4 ,BUKH>9A'S 9 ,MOSC[ 9 #a#i#a#f1 ,I RECEIV$ EV5 MORE PO9T]S :I* JU/IFI$ MY SUSPICIONS ) REG>D TO ! NATURE ( ,KRUSE'S ACTIVITY4 ,EVID5TLY NOT ANTICIPAT+ ANY SUSPICION FALL+ ON HIMSELF1 ,KRUSE HAD 9 ,MOSC[ (F]$ ALL ?OSE SAME FACILITIES ?AT ,KESKULA HIMSELF HAD ?RU/ UPON US BACK 9 #a#i#a#d4 ,AT ! SAME TIME HE WAS SEEK+ TO MAKE USE ( \R CONTACTS1 & 9 P>TICUL> ,N4,M4 ,BUKH>9A'S ADDRESS1 GIV5 TO HIM BY ,N4 ,BUKH>91 TO GET 9 T\* ) ,KESKULA'S FRI5DS RESID5T 9 ,MOSC[4 ,I %>$ MY SUSPICIONS ) ,N4,M4 ,BUKH>9A & LAT] RECEIV$ FROM H] A LETT] WRITT5 9 ,5GLI% ( A V]Y ODD NATURE :I* CONTA9$ A REQUE/ ?AT %E GO & MEET SOME ,E/ONIAN & CONVEY HIM A MESSAGE FROM ,KESKULA4 ,I PROPOS$ RI<T AWAY TO HAVE SEV]AL PHOTOCOPIES TAK5 ( ,KRUSE'S LETT]2 ?IS W\LD ?US IMPLICATE ! 0LEFT0 SOCIALI/ 9 DIRECT CONTACTS ) ! SECRET S]VICE4 

,DUR+ MY /AY 9 ,RUSSIA 9 ! W9T] ( #a#i#a#e-#a#i#a#f COMRADES ,BUKH>9 & ,PYATAKOV DEVELOP$ !IR REVOLUTION>Y C\NT]-9TELLIG5CE SKILLS SO EXT5SIVELY ?AT ! 5TIRE ESPIONAGE S]VICE WAS ?R[N 9TO AL>M4 ,MILIT>Y & POLICE ESPIONAGE 9 ,SW$5 W]E CLOSELY 9T]L9K$4 ,G]MAN ESPIONAGE F\ND PROTECTORS 9 ,SW$5'S TOP GOV]NM5TAL CIRCLES4 ,FR5* & ,BRITI% 9TELLIG5CE W]E ALSO AT WORK1 RELY+ P>TLY UPON TOP COMM]CIAL CIRCLES & ! SYMPA?Y ( ! 0DEMOCRACIES0 ( ! ,SC&9AVIAN C\NTRIES4 ,\R C\NT]-9TELLIG5CE SO P]TURB$ ,SW$I% POLICE CIRCLES ?AT ! ,/OCKHOLM AU?ORITIES HA/5$ TO PICK UP COMRADES ,BUKH>9 & ,PYATAKOV & CONCOCT$ SOME ABSURD *>GE TO DEPORT !M FROM ,SW$I% T]RITORY4 ,BRANT+ & HIS P>TY MAJORITY TOOK NO /EPS TO UNCOV] ANY ( !SE 9TRIGUES4 

,) REG>D TO ! (F]S FROM ,KESKULA & HIS AG5TS1 ,I P]SONALLY BY ?AT TIME1 #a#i#a#f1 HAD BR\<T !M TO ,BRANT+'S NOTICE2 BUT ! BOSSES ( ,SW$I% SOCIAL DEMOCRACY DID NO?+ TO UNMASK ! WORK ( ! SPY NETWORK4 ,! WORK ( ANTI-W> SOCIALI/ GR\PS 9 EV5 ! NEUTRAL C\NTRIES WAS SUBJECT$ TO P]SECUTION & FELL B5EA? ! WAT*FUL EYE ( ALL SORTS ( POLICE2 IT QUITE (T5 REM9D$ US ( CZ>I/ PROC$URES4 ,DUR+ \R /AY 9 ,SW$5 WE DID NOT CONCEAL \R ID5TITY ( VIEWS OR \R CONTACTS ) ! LEFT GR\PS 9 ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES ( ,SC&9AVIA4 ,! ADDRESSES ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS W]E A HELP TO US 9 MA9TA9+ RELATIONS ) BO? ,RUSSIA & \R C5T]S ABROAD4 ,WE W\LD RECEIVE LIT]ATURE AT ,SW$I% SOCIAL DEMOCRATS' ADDRESSES TO BE F]RI$ OV] TO ,RUSSIA4 ,?IS L9K WAS DISCOV]$ BY ! ,SW$I% POLICE & ONCE 79 #a#i#a#f7 !Y MADE A RAID ON ! PREMISES ( ! LEFT GR\PS 9 ! ,FOLKETS ,HUS 7PEOPLE'S H\SE7 ( A S\? ,/OCKHOLM WORK+-CLASS DI/RICT & A C]TA9 QUANTITY ( \R LIT]ATURE WAS IMP\ND$4 ,CORRESPOND5CE RECEIV$ BY \R COMRADES WAS OP5$ & 9SPECT$ BY SLEU?S4 ,MY RULES ON ILLEGAL WORK1 NOT TO HAVE ANY P>TY MAT]IAL ADDRESS$ TO MYSELF1 SAFEGU>D$ ME H[EV] FROM LOS+ CORRESPOND5CE SO ?AT ?R\<\T ! P]IOD ( MY WORK !RE ,I HAD NO 9/ANCES ( LO/ DOCUM5TS OR LETT]S4 

,! MO/ REACTION>Y W> REQUIR$ ! ADOPTION ( ALL SORTS ( /RATAGEMS TO FI<T ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,! ,WE/]N 0DEMOCRACIES01 :I* HAD GIV5 !IR BLESS+ TO ! IMP]IALI/ SLAU<T] ( PEOPLES1 & DUP$ ! WORK+ CLASS AB\T ! W>'S 0LIB]AT+0 MISSION1 TOOK OV] ALL ! TRICKS ( ! CZ>I/ ,OKHRANA 9 RELATION TO ! LEFT SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC GR\PS4 

,! WORK ( ! ,OKHRANA DID NOT RELAX DUR+ ! W>4 ,W>TIME CONDITIONS GAVE ! G5D>M]IE UNLIMIT$ POSSIBILITIES = ROOT+ \T S$ITION4 ,TO ! USUAL PEACETIME 0PUNI%M5TS01 PRISON1 H>D LABOR & EXILE1 A NEW ONE WAS ADD$3 PO/+ TO FRONT-L9E POSITIONS4 ,& MANY ADVANC$ WORK]S W]E DISPAT*$ TO =W>D POSITIONS AS A PUNI%M5T = HOLD+ /RIKES1 PROTE/+ AGA9/ EXPLOITATION1 OR POLITICAL ACTIVITY4 

,\R UND]GR\ND ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! BIG 9DU/RIAL C5T]S LAY NOT JU/ UND] ! UNTIR+ WAT* ( EXT]NAL OBS]VATION1 PLANT$ AG5TS & O!R MANIFE/ATIONS ( SPY+4 ,= UND]GR\ND ORGANIZATIONS ! MO/ DANG]\S =M ( ESPIONAGE WAS PROVOCATION1 ! SO-CALL$ 09N] LI<T04 ,! ,PET]SBURG1 ,MOSC[ & O!R MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS C\LD S5SE AT EV]Y /EP ! H& ( ! 09T]NAL AG5CY0 AT WORK4 ,IT WAS ONLY BY MEANS ( PROVOCATION ?AT ! ,PET]SBURG ,OKHRANA SUCCE$$ 9 DISCOV]+ ! PR9T%OP & >RE/+ ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE MEMB]S & O!R LEAD+ P>TY WORK]S4 ,! /&>D AV]AGE DURATION ( A P>TY WORK]'S ILLEGAL ACTIVITY WAS = ,PET]SBURG SET AT ?REE MON?S4 ,\R ORGANIZATIONS GE>$ !MSELVES TO ?IS /&>D4 ,!RE W]E ( C\RSE QUITE A FEW EXCEPTIONS TO ?IS RULE1 BUT ?OSE EXCEPTIONAL CASES W]E REG>D$ BY \R UND]GR\ND AS WORK 09 EXCESS ( ! NORM04 ,AFT] SU* A ?REE-MON? T]M ! WORK ( ! 9T]NAL AG5CY & EXT]NAL OBS]VATION1 9 ! =M ( %AD[+1 W\LD CULM9ATE 9 >RE/S4 ,!RE W]E V]Y FEW 9/ANCES ( /REET >RE/S4 ,! ,OKHRANA PREF]R$ TO UNCOV] A P>TY WORK]'S REFUGE = ! NI<T & MAKE ! >RE/ AT ! H\SE4 ,SKILL$ PR(ESSIONALS !RE=E TRI$ ABOVE ALL TO >RANGE !IR LODG+S & FLATS SECRETLY1 ?AT IS IF !Y HAD ANY4 

,ON MY LA/ TRIP FROM ,/OCKHOLM TO ,PET]SBURG 9 ,OCTOB] #aiaf #a NOTIC$ RELATIVELY QUICKLY 9T5SIVE EXT]NAL OBS]VATION UPON MYSELF4 ,EVAD+ ! SLEU?S TRAIL+ ME PROV$ FAIRLY EASY4 ,I HAD DEVELOP$ A P>TICUL>LY KE5 S5SE & MY EYES READILY SPOTT$ AMONG PASS]SBY ! SLEU? M>*+ ALONG ON MY HEELS4 ,9 ORD] TO EVADE >RE/ ,I DID NOT USE EI!R PASSPORTS OR A P]MAN5T FLAT1 AL?\< ,I HAD BO?4 ,ONE PASSPORT C>NET BE>+ ! NAME ( ,MAVRITSKY HAD BE5 OBTA9$ = ME BY 0TRU/IES0 & ?R\< ! 0PRIVATE0 MEANS ( ,V4 ,%URKANOV 7A PROVOCATEUR71 & ,I OBTA9$ ANO!R PASSPORT BE>+ ! NAME ( A ,F9NI% NATIONAL :5 PASS+ ?R\< ,HELS9KI4 ,BUT BO? ( !SE ,I US$ ONLY = RAILWAY TRAVEL1 ?\< ,I C>RI$ ONE ( !M1 ! ,F9NI% ONE MA9LY1 AS A DOCUM5T 9 EV5T ( ANY /REET 9CID5T4 ,I DID NOT PRES5T !M TO OBTA9 A RESID5CE P]MIT BUT US$ ! VISAS OBTA9$ BY ! HOLD]S4 

,9 ! C\RSE ( MY WORK ,I HAD DEVELOP$ C]TA9 0RULES04 ,I W\LD NEV] WALK TWICE ALONG ! SAME ROAD4 ,I W\LD NEV] /OP OV] AT ONE FLAT = MORE ?AN ONE NI<T AT A TIME4 ,! LOCATIONS ( ! DIFF]5T LODG+S P]MITT$ ME TO COV] MY TRACKS4 ,?US BY ! 5D ( #aiaf ,I HAD ! USE ( ?REE FLATS BEYOND ! ,NEVA ,GATE1 TWO ON ! ,VYBORG SIDE1 ONE AT ,LESNY1 ONE ON ! ,GRAZHDANKA & ONE AT ,GAL]NAYA ,GAVAN4 ,9 ! EV5T ( 9T5SIVE OBS]VATION ,I W\LD HIDE 9 ONE ( MY FLATS = A C\PLE ( DAYS1 :I* W\LD UPSET ! SLEU?S' >RANGEM5TS4 ,I HID ! :]EAB\TS ( MY NI<TTIME FLATS FROM ALL COMRADES MO/ DILIG5TLY4 

,FI<T+ ! 9T]NAL AG5CY1 I4E4 PROVOCATIONS1 WAS IMMEASURABLY H>D]4 ,! PRES5CE ( PROVOCATIONS W\LD BE F9ELY REFLECT$ 9 ! :OLE WORK ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,DUR+ W>TIME *>GES ( PROVOCATION1 LURK+ SUSPICIONS & H9TS W]E EXPRESS$ AB\T V]Y MANY COMRADES4 ,MANY ( !SE SUSPICIONS W]E !MSELVES 9 ! NATURE ( PROVOCATIONS3 IT WAS MO/ IMPORTANT TO ! ,OKHRANA TO 9TRODUCE ! MAXIMUM SUSPICION & DEMORALIZATION 9TO \R RANKS4 ,WE HAD TO *ECK ! RUMORS & SUSPICIONS V]Y METICUL\SLY1 BUT V]IFICATION W\LD NE>LY ALWAYS FALT] AT ! LACK ( 0CONCRETE0 FACTS4 ,A CONSID]ABLE %>E ( ! SUSPICIONS W]E F\ND$ UPON MI/RU/ OR ! PRIVATE HUN*ES ( 9DIVIDUAL COMRADES4 ,IT WAS DIFFICULT TO E/ABLI% ! GR\NDS = MI/RU/ & TO 9VE/IGATE & *ECK ! SUSPECT MEMB] BY GA9+ A CLOS] ACQUA9TANCE ) HIS ACTIVITY \TSIDE P>TY CIRCLES4 ,YET ?IS V]Y S5SITIVITY ( 9DIVIDUAL COMRADES & ! ABILITY TO 0SNIFF \T0 ! 5EMY WAS FROM MY P]SONAL EXP]I5CE & ! REACTIONS ( A NUMB] ( UND]GR\ND WORK]S V]Y SELDOM MI/AK54 ,IT WAS ON ! BASIS ( A NUMB] ( PRIVATE CONVICTIONS ?AT WE DECL>$ ! WELL-KN[N ,MIRON ,*]NOMAZOV TO BE A PROVOCATEUR4 

,9DIVIDUAL COMRADES HAD SUSPECT$ ,*]NOMAZOV ( S*EM+ & C>E]ISM AS LONG AGO AS #a#i#a#d4 ,:5 ,I CAME ACROSS ,*]NOMAZOV'S ACTIVITIES 9 ,PET]SBURG 9 #aiae ,I WAS GREATLY /RUCK BY ITS DISRUPTIVE ANTI-P>TY NATURE4 ,AT ! 5D ( #aiae ,I WAS TO HE> MANY P]SONAL /ATEM5TS CONC]N+ ,*]NOMAZOV'S WORK 9 ! HOSPITAL & 9SURANCE FUNDS4 ,*]NOMAZOV MADE USE ( HIS POSITION AS SECRET>Y ( ! HOSPITAL FUNDS ( ! BIGGE/ UND]TAK+S ON ! ,VYBORG SIDE1 ! ,LESSN] PLANTS1 & PLANN$ TO CREATE A LEAD+ C5T] = 9SURANCE WORK >\ND HIS [N P]SONALITY4 ,HE WORK$ /UBBORNLY T[>DS ?IS 5D2 BY US+ ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT P>TY COMMITTEE1 HE PROV$ ABLE TO SECURE A MAJORITY ( ! !N ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE BEH9D HIM4 

,GR\P+ >\ND HIM Y\NG SECRET>IES ( SEV]AL FACTORY HOSPITAL FUNDS HE WORK$ AGA9/ \R LEGAL J\RNAL ,VOPROSY ,/RAKHOVANIYA & OPPOS$ IT ) ! IDEA ( A NEW 0NON-FACTIONAL0 J\RNAL1 ,BOLNI*NAYA ,KASSA4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY HE BEGAN A CUNN+ CAMPAIGN ( 9TRIGUE AGA9/ \R ,WORK]S' ,GR\P ( ! ,9SURANCE ,C\NCIL4 ,*]NOMAZOV & COMPANY S\<T TO CLOAK !IR WORK AGA9/ \R 9SURANCE ORGANIZATIONS ) PR9CIPL$ DIFF]5CES1 *>G+ ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P ( ! ,9SURANCE ,C\NCIL & ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ,VOPROSY ,/RAKHOVANIYA ) OPPORTUNISM & ACCUS+ !M ( RELUCTANCE TO WORK 9 /EP ) ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,?IS ACCUSATION WAS SECOND$ 9 ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE BY ,L4 ,/>CK & ,S4 ,BAGDATIEV 7ALIAS ,N>VSKY74 ,WE HAD TO OP5 AN 9VE/IGATION 9TO ! :OLE AFFAIR1 & 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aiae WE MADE AN EXAM9ATION ( !SE DIFF]5CES ( 0PR9CIPLE04 

,SUSPICIONS ( 9TRIGU+1 LU/ = P[]1 C>E]ISM & EV5 SUGGE/IONS ( ,*]NOMAZOV'S & HIS FRI5DS' L9KS ) ! ,OKHRANA W]E EXPRESS$ BY ! FOLL[+ COMRADES3 ,G4 ,OSIPOV 7A MEMB] ( ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P ( ! ,9SURANCE ,C\NCIL SPEAK+ ON ITS BEHALF71 ,V9OKUROV1 ,GLADNEV1 ,FAB]KEVI*1 ,PODVOISKY1 ,%V$*IKOV1 ,OLM9SKY & ,]EMEEV4 ,SEV]AL ( !M ALSO EXPRESS$ SUSPICIONS AB\T ,L4 ,/>CK & ,S4 ,BAGDATIEV4 ,AS EVID5CE AGA9/ !M !RE WAS ONLY ! 0WORK0 ( ,*]NOMAZOV & ,CO41 & SO ,I DIRECT$ ALL MY ATT5TION T[>DS *ECK+ IT4 

,I MANAG$ TO >RANGE A JO9T MEET+ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P & ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ! J\RNAL ) ! 0Y\NG0 9SURANCE WORK]S ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE ON ! !N V]Y ACUTE PROBLEM ( ! ACTIVITY ( \R WORK]S' 9SURANCE GR\P & ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ,VOPROSY ,/RAKHOVANIYA4 ,?IS JO9T MEET+ TOOK PLACE AT ! FLAT ( ! 5G9E] ,FAB]KEVI*1 A =M] MEMB] ( ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ,VOPROSY ,/RAKHOVANIYA4 ,AT ?IS MEET+ WE SUCCE$$ 9 PROV+ ! COMPLETE BASELESSNESS ( ! *>GES ( OPPORTUNISM & ALL ! REPROA*ES ( LACK ( CO-ORD9ATION ( WORK ) ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! DEBATE ! 0Y\NG0 9SURANCE WORK]S 7SUPPORT]S ( ,*]NOMAZOV & ,/>CK7 MOV$ A PRACTICAL PROPOSAL ON A 0COALITION0 /RUCTURE = ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ,VOPROSY ,/RAKHOVANIYA :I* W\LD RES]VE HALF ! SEATS = !MSELVES AS 0REPRES5TATIVES0 ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,FULLY EXPRESS$ 9 ?IS PROPOSAL WAS ,*]NOMAZOV'S AMBITION TO P5ETRATE ! C5T] ( ! 9SURANCE WORK1 ! V]Y PLACE 9TO :I* HE WAS NOT ALL[$ ACCESS & :]E NONE ( ! OLD COMRADES WANT$ TO WORK JO9TLY ) HIM OR HIS C&IDATES4 ,WE REJECT$ ! PROPOSAL = A COALITION /RUCTURE = ! $ITORIAL BO>D AS CONTR>Y TO P>TY /ATUTES & PRACTICE ON ! MANAGEM5T ( P>TY C5TRAL ORGANS1 = ,VOPROSY ,/RAKHOVANIYA & ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P ( ! ,9SURANCE ,C\NCIL 

W]E ALL-,RUSSIAN 9/ITUTIONS4 ,ON BEHALF ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,I DECL>$ ! 0COALITION0 PROPOSAL TO BE UNACCEPTABLE2 BUT BE>+ 9 M9D ! IMPORTANCE ( ! ISSUE & ( 9VOLV+ NEW =CES 9 COLLABORAT+ ,I PROPOS$ TO PRES5T A LI/ ( PEOPLE TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU :OM ! 0Y\NG0 9SURANCE WORK]S MI<T LIKE 9CLUD$ ON ! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ! ALL-,RUSSIAN ORGAN GUID+ 9SURANCE WORK4 ,MY PROPOSAL WAS ACCEPT$ BY ! 5TIRE $ITORIAL BO>D & BY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! 9SURANCE ORGANIZATIONS1 BUT CAUS$ SOME CONFUSION 9 ! RANKS ( ! ,*]NOMAZOVITES4 

,*]NOMAZOV1 ,/>CK & ,CO4 W]E QUICK TO REALIZE AGA9/ :OM ! PROPOSAL TO SUBMIT C&IDATES TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU WAS AIM$3 !Y DID NOT PROPOSE ANY C&IDATES BUT MADE A VIGOR\S ATTACK ON MYSELF 9 P]SON1 TRY+ TO DISCR$IT BO? MYSELF & ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE AS 0=EIGN]S0 & P>TY BOSSES DIVORC$ FROM ! WORK4 ,AS IT WAS !N COMPOS$1 ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE WAS UND] ! ?UMB ( ,*]NOMAZOV1 ,/>CK & ,CO4 & HAD ADOPT$ ! MOTION PROPOS$ BY ?OSE G5TLEM5 AGA9/ ,VOPROSY ,/RAKHOVANIYA & A FUR!R ONE DIRECT$ AGA9/ MYSELF P]SONALLY4 ,IT TOOK A LOT ( TR\BLE TO COMPEL ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE TO REV]SE ITS RESOLUTION4 ,BUT ! 9SURANCE WORK]S C>RI$ A CONTR>Y MOTION :I* ONCE AGA9 REFUT$ ALL ! *>GES MADE AGA9/ !M4 ,H[EV]1 ,I !N MANAG$ TO GET ! AGREEM5T ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE'S ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMISSION TO ! EXPULSION ( ,*]NOMAZOV & ,/>CK FROM ITS RANKS4 ,H[EV]1 [+ TO ! DUPLICITY ( C]TA9 ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE MEMB]S1 ?IS WAS NOT IMPLEM5T$ UNTIL ! AUTUMN ( #aiaf :5 A FIRM RESOLUTION AGA9/ ?OSE G5TLEM5'S 9TRIGUES WAS ADOPT$4 

,AL?\< )\T MEET+ ,*]NOMAZOV HIMSELF1 ,I1 ON LOOK+ 9TO ! AFFAIR1 HAD BECOME 9CREAS+LY CONV9C$ BY HIS BEHAVIOR ?AT WE HAD !RE A FAIRLY SM>T ,OKHRANA AG5T4 ,! SUSPICIONS ?AT ,I HAD EXPRESS$ TO ONE OR TWO MEMB]S ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE HAD PROVID$ A PRETEXT TO ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMISSION 7,BAGDATIEV1 ,S*MIDT & ,/>CK7 TO DEM& 0MORE CONCRETE0 DATA FROM ME ON HIS WORK AS A PROVOCATEUR4 ,! EVID5CE PROVID$ BY ! :OLE ( ,*]NOMAZOV'S ACTIVITY PROV$ 9SUFFICI5T = !SE COMRADES4 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = ME TO MEET ?IS DEM& & SUBMIT CONCRETE DATA ON ,*]NOMAZOV'S FUNCTION AS A PROVOCATEUR 9 ! =M ( MAT]IAL PRO(4 ,CONTACT ) ! ,OKHRANA ITSELF W\LD BE NECESS>Y = ?AT1 & ,I HAD NONE4 ,SO1 BY EXPLOIT+ ?IS ALIBI1 ! SAID ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE WORK]S RETA9$ L9KS ) ! ,*]NOMAZOVITES4 ,ONLY 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aiaf WAS A HALT CALL$ BO? TO ,*]NOMAZOV'S 9TRIGUES & TO ! SLAP-HAPPY ATTITUDE ( SOME ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE WORK]S BY A RESOLUTION FROM ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,BUREAU4 ,ALL P>TY WORK]S W]E =BIDD5 TO HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) HIM4 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! W9T] ( #a#i#a#e1 DUR+ ONE ( MY HABITUAL T\RS ( ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE R5DEZV\S PO9TS ,I MET ON ! ,VYBORG SIDE1 A WORK] ACQUA9TANCE1 ,ALEKSEI ,GOR91 A TURN] BY TRADE1 :O WAS A MEMB] ( \R UND]GR\ND ORGANIZATION AT ?AT TIME ACTIVE 9 ,PET]SBURG4 ,AS OLD COMRADES FROM WORK+ 9 ,P>IS WE GOT 9TO CONV]SATION4 ,:5 HE HE>D ?AT ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE HAD FIX$ UP A R5DEZV\S AT ,V4,E4 ,%URKANOV'S FLAT :]E 9 FACT ,I WAS !N HEAD+1 HE W>N$ ME TO BE C>EFUL ) CONTACTS MADE AT ?AT FLAT4 0,?AT FLAT IS A BEACON = ! ,OKHRANA10 HE SAID4 ,WORK]S FROM ,EIWAS :OM WE KNEW !N CAME UP TO US1 PREV5T+ \R CONT9U+ ! CONV]SATION4 ,WE HAD >RANG$ TO MEET AGA91 BUT ?AT SAME EV5+ HE & O!RS IMPRUD5TLY GA!R$ AT A RE/AURANT ON ! ,PET]SBURG SIDE & W]E >RE/$4 ,I WAS !RE=E UNABLE TO F9D \T :OM ,GOR9 SUSPECT$ :5 ,I M5TION$ ! FLAT ( =M] ,?IRD ,DUMA DEPUTY ,%URKANOV4 ,! REM>K DID1 H[EV]1 PUT ME ON ! AL]T & PROMPT$ ME NOT TO BR+ ,%URKANOV 9TO \R WORK4 ,BY ASK+ LEAD+ QUE/IONS1 ,I TRI$ REPEAT$LY TO ASC]TA9 :E!R ANYONE ELSE UND] SUSPICION HAD A FLAT ON ! ,VYBORG SIDE BUT )\T SUCCESS4 

,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE WORK]S W\LD USE ,%URKANOV'S FLAT BO? AS A R5DEZV\S & = OV]NI<T LODG+S1 & = SEV]AL IT WAS A P]MAN5T ABODE4 ,I TOO HAD SOMETIMES TO CALL 9 !RE TO MEET ONE OR ANO!R MEMB] ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE4 ,I HAD NOT HI!RTO BE5 ACQUA9T$ ) ,%URKANOV1 & ON \R FIR/ MEET+ HE GAVE ! IMPRESSION ( A RA!R DIM & FAIRLY UN$UCAT$ WORK]4 ,FROM ! \TSET HE EXHIBIT$ GREAT 9T]E/ 9 MY NOMADIC LIFE 9 ,PET]SBURG1 & MADE A NUMB] ( (F]S :I* W\LD 9 HIS OP9ION SP>E ME A DOG'S LIFE ( ROAM+ >\ND ! CITY4 ,AT ?AT TIME ,%URKANOV WAS WORK+ AT ! ,EIWAS WORKS4 ,MY BRIEF OBS]VATION ( ,%URKANOV1 HIS WAY ( LIFE & ALSO SNIPPETS ( 9=MATION FROM V>I\S ,EIWASS WORK]S YIELD$ NO 9=MATION ?AT 5HANC$ MY SUSPICIONS AB\T HIM4 ,ILLEGAL P>TY WORK]S W]E TO BE F\ND LIV+ 9 HIS FLAT4 ,9 HIS LIFE HE 9 NO WAY /OOD \T FROM AN AV]AGE METALWORK] ( ! ,PET]SBURG DI/RICT4 ,HE WAS PRIZ$ AMONG COMRADES = HIS HOSPITALITY & IT WAS SAID ?AT HE WAS NO FOOL AT DR9K+4 ,MANY OLD COMRADES W\LD GA!R R\ND AT HIS FLAT = A DR9K & TO REM9ISCE AB\T ! OLD DAYS - = EXAMPLE ,POLETAEV1 ,AFANA/EV1 ,KLIMANOV1 ,PAVLOV & O!RS4 

,%URKANOV'S P>T 9 P>TY WORK WAS AN EXTREMELY MODE/ ONE4 ,IT WAS ONLY HIS HI/ORY AS A DEPUTY ?AT HAD AF=D$ HIM ! OPPORTUNITY TO MA9TA9 HIS CONTACTS & TO R5D] 0S]VICES0 TO ! ORGANIZATION BY MAK+ HIS FLAT AVAILABLE4 ,HE DID NOT HAVE ANY 9FLU5CE ON P>TY WORK1 BUT BY HAV+ ! CONTACTS & COMRADES >\ND HIM AT HIS [N PLACE HE WAS WELL 9VOLV$ 9 HI<LY CL&E/9E BUS9ESS4 ,AT ! R5DEZV\S >RANG$ BY ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE WORK]S AT ,%URKANOV'S EV]Y?+ W\LD BE TALK$ OV] 9 HIS IMM$IATE PRES5CE4 

,%URKANOV %[$ SPECIAL SOLICITUDE T[>DS MYSELF4 ,MY HOMELESS EXI/5CE WORRI$ HIM P>TICUL>LY & HE SUGGE/$ MANY TIME ?AT ,I TAKE ONE ( HIS SP>E ROOMS4 ,I CONSID]$1 H[EV]1 ?AT ALL !SE (F]S W]E 9APPROPRIATE & DIRECTLY VIOLAT$ MY PRECAUTIONS ON UND]GR\ND WORK4 ,& = REASONS ( A SIMIL> NATURE1 F\ND$ MOREOV] UPON A C]TA9 SECRET DI/RU/ ?AT ,I /ILL RETA9$ = ,%URKANOV FOLL[+ ,A4 ,GOR9'S COMM5TS1 ,I MADE V>I\S POLITE EXCUSES & TURN$ D[N ALL HIS (F]S ( LODG+S & RE/+ PLACES4 

,9 MY /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,*]NOMAZOV1 ,%URKANOV /OOD :OLLY ON MY SIDE1 !REBY CONFIRM+ ALL ! D\BTS & CONCLUSIONS ,I HAD EXPRESS$ OV] ! PROVOCATEUR NATURE ( ,*]NOMAZOV'S ACTIVITY4 
  

,BE=E #i ,JANU>Y #aiag 

,AFT] ! CONF]5CES ) ,MOSC[ P>TY COMRADES AT ! 5D ( ,DECEMB] #aiaf ,I MANAG$ TO MAKE A TRIP TO ,NIZHNI-,NOVGOROD4 ,9 VIEW1 H[EV]1 ( ! >RE/S & SE>*ES TAK+ PLACE 9 ,KANAV9O & ,SORMOVO1 ,I WAS ABLE TO /OP ONLY ?REE DAYS !RE4 ,S9CE ! TIME ( MY FIR/ VISIT 9 #aiae ! ,NIZHEGOROD ORGANIZATION HAD GR[N CONSID]ABLY /RONG]4 ,CIRCLES W]E ACTIVE AT ! ,SORMOVO WORKS2 ! P>TY 5JOY$ 9FLU5CE AMONG WORK]S AT ! PLANT4 ,A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! DEF5SI/ ELEM5TS )9 ! ,M5%EVIKS & ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES WAS UND] WAY4 ,! =M] F\ND SUPPORT 9 ! HOSPITAL FUND & W]E 5GAG$ 9 SEEK+ 0LEGAL0 PA?S = ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T EV5 IF ?AT MEANT WORK+ )9 ! #aic ACT ON FACTORY & WORKS /EW>DS4 ,DISCONT5T WAS AT ?AT TIME M\NT+ AMONG WORK]S OV] ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+ & ! %ORTAGE ( FOOD SUPPLIES :I* WAS ESPECIALLY ACUTE = ! PURELY PROLET>IAN MASSES HAV+ NO TIES ) ! L&4 

,LOCAL P>TY WORK]S DID NOT H>BOR ANY SPECIAL HOPES = ! *ANCE ( MOVEM5T 9 CONNECTION ) #i ,JANU>Y4 ,!Y DID NOT1 H[EV]1 RULE \T ! POSSIBILITY ( /RIKES IF ! CAPITAL UND]TOOK /RONG ACTION ON ?OSE DAYS4 

,BY ! 5D ( #aiaf ! IDEA ( 0W> TO ! 5D01 TO 0! F9AL VICTORY01 WAS L>GELY UND]M9$4 ,ANTI-W> FEEL+S W]E RAMPANT NOT ONLY AMONG ! WORK+ MASSES BUT ALSO EMBRAC$ WIDE CIRCLES ( 0CITY-DWELL]S04 ,9 ! >MY ITSELF1 BO? AT ! FRONT & ! RE>1 PATRIOTIC FEV] HAD LONG S9CE BURNT ITSELF \T & NO >TIFICIAL EF=TS C\LD FAN IT UP AGA94 ,DESPAIR & HATR$ GRIPP$ ! LABOR+ MASSES & ONLY A SMALL PU% WAS NE$$ = IT TO OV]FL[ 9TO PROTE/4 

,! GOV]NM5T1 L&LORDS & B\RGEOISIE UND]/OOD & TOOK /OCK ( ! GR[? ( DISCONT5T & ANTI-W> FEEL+S1 & /EPP$ UP !IR REPRESSIVE ME?ODS ( FI<T+ ISOLAT$ MANIFE/ATIONS ( PROTE/4 ,9T5SIVE AGITATION WAS CONDUCT$ AGA9/ US1 BO? 9 ! PRESS & ?R\< ! V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS WORK+ = 0! ORGANIZATION ( DEF5SE04 ,EV]Y RES\RCE WAS SET 9 MOTION3 ACCUSATIONS ( PROVOCATION1 ( ,G]MAN 9TRIGUES & BRIBES4 ,BUT SL&] C\LD NOT HALT ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T EI!R3 JU/ LIKE ! B\RGEOISIE'S O!R PLOYS IT PROV$ 9CAPABLE ( R\S+ ! PROLET>IAT TO A BATTLE = ! ,D>DANELLES4 

,! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T WAS KE5LY AW>E ?AT ! FIR/ BL[S ( POPUL> 9DIGNATION W\LD BE DIRECT$ AGA9/ ITSELF & MADE READY TO REPULSE A SPONTANE\S POPUL> ONSLAU<T4 ,9 ALL MAJOR 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ! POLICE W]E GIV5 TRA9+ 9 >M$ /REET FI<T+4 ,! CZ>'S GOV]NM5T RESOLV$ TO MEET ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 :I* WAS DEVELOP+ MON? BY MON? & ?REAT5+ ! F\NDATIONS ( ! CZ>I/ MON>*Y1 ) A WELL-PREP>$ & BLOODY REBUFF4 ,NOR DID ! GOV]NM5T CONCEAL ITS BLOODY PREP>ATIONS FROM ! EYES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,IT HAD DECID$ TO SPRAY #aiag ) HOT LEAD4 ,BUT WE HAD BY N[ GR[N A LITTLE ACCU/OM$ TO ! HORRORS ( DEA? AFT] ?OSE YE>S ( C>NAGE & NO LONG] FE>$ !M4 ,! ?REAT ( !M WAS CLE> TO EV]YONE1 NOT ONLY AT ! FRONT BUT 9 ! RE> TOO4 

,\R LITTLE ORGANIZATIONS1 SCATT]$ >\ND FACTORIES1 PLANTS & M9ES1 W]E ALSO PREP>+ = /RUGGLE4 ,!Y DID NOT AT ?AT /AGE HAVE ANY MILIT>Y KN[-H[ AT !IR DISPOSAL1 NOR W]E !Y AS WELL >M$ AS ! CZ>'S POLICE DETA*M5TS2 BUT ?AT DID NOT DEMORALIZE \R FI<T]S1 >M$ AS !Y W]E ) ONLY A ?IR/ = /RUGGLE & VICTORY4 ,EV]Y WORK] HAD A VAGUE IDEA ?AT 9SIDE ?OSE GRAY GREATCOATS1 SOLDI]S' HE>TS W]E BEAT+ 9 TIME ) HIS [N WI%ES4 ,! TASK ( ! PROLET>IAT = #aiag WAS TO DRAW ! >MY 9TO A REVOLUTION>Y FRONT AGA9/ ! CZ>1 ! L&LORDS1 ! B\RGEOISIE & ! W>4 

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