,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a 
,! ,BREAKD[N ( ,AM]ICAN ,SOCIETY & A ,WORLD 9 ,TRANSITION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

,TEXT 3 

,P>T ,I 

  
,! ,BREAKD[N ( ,AM]ICAN ,SOCIETY & A ,WORLD 9 ,TRANSITION 

  

,C4 ,J4 ,P,O,L,Y,*,R,O,N,I,\3 ,NOAM1 Y\ HAVE SAID ?AT ! RISE ( ,DONALD ,TRUMP IS L>GELY DUE TO ! BREAKD[N ( ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY4 ,:AT EXACTLY DO Y\ MEAN BY ?IS8 

,N,O,A,M ,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,! /ATE-CORPORATE PROGRAMS ( ! PA/ ?IRTY-FIVE OR SO YE>S HAVE HAD DEVA/AT+ EFFECTS ON ! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION1 ) /AGNATION1 DECL9E1 & %>PLY 5HANC$ 9EQUALITY BE+ ! MO/ DIRECT \TCOMES4 ,?IS HAS CREAT$ FE> & HAS LEFT PEOPLE FEEL+ ISOLAT$1 HELPLESS--VICTIMS ( P[]FUL =CES !Y CAN NEI!R UND]/& NOR 9FLU5CE4 ,! BREAKD[N IS NOT CAUS$ BY ECONOMIC LAWS4 ,!Y >E POLICIES1 A K9D ( CLASS W> 9ITIAT$ BY ! RI* & P[]FUL AGA9/ ! WORK+ POPULATION & ! POOR4 ,?IS IS :AT DEF9ES ! NEOLIB]ALISM P]IOD1 NOT ONLY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BUT 9 ,EUROPE & ELSE:]E4 ,TRUMP IS APPEAL+ TO ?OSE :O S5SE & EXP]I5CE ! BREAKD[N ( ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY--TO DEEP FEEL+S ( ANG]1 FE>1 FRU/RATION1 HOPELESSNESS1 PROBABLY AMONG SECTORS ( ! POPULATION ?AT >E SEE+ AN 9CREASE 9 MORTALITY1 SOME?+ UNHE>D ( AP>T FROM W>4 

,CLASS W>F>E REMA9S AS VICI\S & ONE-SID$ AS EV]4 ,NEOLIB]AL GOV]NANCE OV] ! LA/ ?IRTY YE>S1 REG>DLESS IF !RE WAS A ,REPUBLICAN OR A ,DEMOCRATIC ADM9I/RATION 9 PLACE1 HAS 9T5SIFI$ IMM5SELY ! PROCESSES ( EXPLOITATION & 9DUC$ EV]-L>G] GAPS BETWE5 HAVES & HAVE-NOTS 9 ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY4 ,MOREOV]1 ,I DON'T SEE NEOLIB]AL CLASS POLITICS BE+ ON RETREAT 9 SPITE ( ! OPPORTUNITIES ?AT OP5$ UP BECAUSE ( ! LA/ F9ANCIAL CRISIS & BY HAV+ A C5TRI/ ,DEMOCRAT 9 ! ,:ITE ,H\SE4 

,! BUS9ESS CLASSES1 :I* L>GELY RUN ! C\NTRY1 >E HI<LY CLASS CONSCI\S4 ,IT IS NOT A DI/ORTION TO DESCRIBE !M AS VULG> ,M>XI/S1 ) VALUES & COMMITM5TS REV]S$4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL ?IRTY YE>S AGO ?AT ! HEAD ( ! MO/ P[]FUL UNION RECOGNIZ$ & CRITICIZ$ ! 0ONE-SID$ CLASS W>0 ?AT IS REL5TLESSLY WAG$ BY ! BUS9ESS WORLD4 ,IT HAS SUCCE$$ 9 A*IEV+ ! RESULTS Y\ DESCRIBE4 ,H[EV]1 NEOLIB]AL POLICIES >E 9 %AMBLES4 ,!Y HAVE COME TO H>M ! MO/ P[]FUL & PRIVILEG$ 7:O ONLY P>TIALLY ACCEPT$ !M = !MSELVES 9 ! FIR/ PLACE71 SO !Y CANNOT BE SU/A9$4 

,IT IS RA!R /RIK+ TO OBS]VE ?AT ! POLICIES ?AT ! RI* & P[]FUL ADOPT = !MSELVES >E ! PRECISE OPPOSITE ( ?OSE !Y DICTATE TO ! WEAK & POOR4 ,?US1 :5 ,9DONESIA HAS A DEEP F9ANCIAL CRISIS1 ! 9/RUCTIONS FROM ! ,U,S ,TREASURY ,DEP>TM5T 7VIA ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND1 ,I,M,F7 >E TO PAY (F ! DEBT 7TO ! ,WE/71 TO RAISE 9T]E/ RATES & ?US SL[ ! ECONOMY1 TO PRIVATIZE 7SO ?AT ,WE/]N CORPORATIONS CAN BUY UP !IR ASSETS71 & ! RE/ ( ! NEOLIB]AL DOGMA4 ,= \RSELVES1 ! POLICIES >E TO =GET AB\T DEBT1 TO R$UCE 9T]E/ RATES TO Z]O1 TO NATIONALIZE 7BUT NOT TO USE ! WORD71 & TO P\R PUBLIC FUNDS 9TO ! POCKETS ( ! F9ANCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 & SO ON4 ,IT IS ALSO /RIK+ ?AT ! DRAMATIC CONTRA/ PASSES UNNOTIC$1 ALONG ) ! FACT ?AT ?IS CON=MS TO ! RECORD ( ! ECONOMIC HI/ORY ( ! PA/ SEV]AL C5TURIES1 A PRIM>Y REASON = ! SEP>ATION ( ! FIR/ & ?IRD WORLDS4 

,CLASS POLITICS IS SO F> ONLY M>G9ALLY UND] ATTACK4 ,! ,OBAMA ADM9I/RATION HAS AVOID$ EV5 M9IMAL /EPS TO 5D & REV]SE ! ATTACK ON UNIONS4 ,OBAMA HAS EV5 9DIRECTLY 9DICAT$ HIS SUPPORT = ?IS ATTACK1 9 9T]E/+ WAYS4 ,IT IS WOR? RECALL+ ?AT HIS FIR/ TRIP TO %[ HIS SOLID>ITY ) WORK+ PEOPLE 7CALL$ 0! MIDDLE CLASS10 9 ,U,S RHETORIC7 WAS TO ! ,CAT]PILL> PLANT 9 ,ILL9OIS4 ,HE W5T !RE 9 DEFIANCE ( PLEAS BY *UR* & HUMAN RI<TS ORGANIZATIONS BECAUSE ( ,CAT]PILL>'S GROTESQUE ROLE 9 ! ,ISRAELI OCCUPI$ T]RITORIES1 :]E IT IS A PRIME 9/RUM5T 9 DEVA/AT+ ! L& & VILLAGES ( 0! WRONG PEOPLE40 ,BUT IT SEEMS NOT EV5 TO HAVE BE5 NOTIC$ ?AT1 ADOPT+ ,REAGAN'S ANTILABOR POLICIES1 ,CAT]PILL> BECAME ! FIR/ 9DU/RIAL CORPORATION 9 G5]ATIONS TO BREAK A P[]FUL UNION BY EMPLOY+ /RIKE-BREAK]S1 9 RADICAL VIOLATION ( 9T]NATIONAL LABOR CONV5TIONS4 ,?AT LEFT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ALONE 9 ! 9DU/RIAL WORLD1 ALONG ) AP>!ID ,S\? ,AFRICA1 9 TOL]AT+ SU* MEANS ( UND]M9+ WORK]S' RI<TS & DEMOCRACY--& N[ ,I PRESUME ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS ALONE4 ,IT IS H>D TO BELIEVE ?AT ! *OICE WAS ACCID5TAL4 

,!RE IS A WIDESPREAD BELIEF1 AT LEA/ AMONG SOME WELL-KN[N POLITICAL /RATEGI/S1 ?AT ISSUES DO NOT DEF9E ,AM]ICAN ELECTIONS--EV5 IF ! RHETORIC IS ?AT C&IDATES NE$ TO UND]/& PUBLIC OP9ION 9 ORD] TO WOO VOT]S--& WE DO KN[1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT M$IA PROVIDE A WEAL? ( FALSE 9=MATION ON CRITICAL ISSUES 7TAKE ! MASS M$IA'S ROLE BE=E & DUR+ ! LAUN*+ ( ! ,IRAQ ,W>7 OR FAIL TO PROVIDE ANY 9=MATION AT ALL 7ON LABOR ISSUES1 = EXAMPLE74 ,YET1 !RE IS /RONG EVID5CE 9DICAT+ ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC C>ES AB\T ! GREAT SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 & =EIGN POLICY ISSUES FAC+ ! C\NTRY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ACCORD+ TO A RESE>* /UDY RELEAS$ SOME YE>S AGO BY ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,M9NESOTA1 ,AM]ICANS RANK$ HEAL? C>E AMONG ! MO/ IMPORTANT PROBLEMS FAC+ ! C\NTRY4 ,WE ALSO KN[ ?AT ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ,AM]ICANS >E 9 SUPPORT ( UNIONS4 ,OR ?AT !Y JUDG$ ! 0W> AGA9/ T]ROR0 TO BE A TOTAL FAILURE4 ,9 ! LI<T ( ALL ( ?IS1 :AT'S ! BE/ WAY TO UND]/& ! RELATION BETWE5 M$IA1 POLITICS1 & ! PUBLIC 9 CONTEMPOR>Y ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY8 

,IT IS WELL E/ABLI%$ ?AT ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS >E DESIGN$ SO AS TO M>G9ALIZE ISSUES & FOCUS ON P]SONALITIES1 RHETORICAL /YLE1 BODY LANGUAGE1 & ! LIKE4 ,& !RE >E GOOD REASONS4 ,P>TY MANAG]S READ POLLS & >E WELL AW>E ?AT ON A HO/ ( MAJOR ISSUES1 BO? P>TIES >E WELL TO ! RI<T ( ! POPULATION--NOT SURPRIS+LY2 !Y >E1 AFT] ALL1 BUS9ESS P>TIES4 ,POLLS %[ ?AT A L>GE MAJORITY ( VOT]S OBJECT1 BUT ?OSE >E ! ONLY *OICES (F]$ TO !M 9 ! BUS9ESS-MANAG$ ELECTORAL SY/EM1 9 :I* ! MO/ HEAVILY FUND$ C&IDATE ALMO/ ALWAYS W9S4 

,SIMIL>LY1 CONSUM]S MI<T PREF] DEC5T MASS TRANSPORTATION TO A *OICE BETWE5 TWO AUTOMOBILES1 BUT ?AT OPTION IS NOT PROVID$ BY ADV]TIZ]S--NOR1 9DE$1 BY M>KETS4 ,ADS ON ,T,V DO NOT PROVIDE 9=MATION AB\T PRODUCTS2 RA!R1 !Y PROVIDE ILLUSION & IMAG]Y4 ,! SAME PUBLIC RELATIONS FIRMS ?AT SEEK TO UND]M9E M>KETS BY 5SUR+ ?AT UN9=M$ CONSUM]S WILL MAKE IRRATIONAL *OICES 7CONTR>Y TO AB/RACT ECONOMIC !ORIES7 SEEK TO UND]M9E DEMOCRACY 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,& ! MANAG]S ( ! 9DU/RY >E WELL AW>E ( ALL ( ?IS4 ,LEAD+ FIGURES 9 ! 9DU/RY HAVE EXULT$ 9 ! BUS9ESS PRESS ?AT !Y HAVE BE5 M>KET+ C&IDATES LIKE COMMODITIES EV] S9CE ,REAGAN1 & ?IS IS !IR GREATE/ SUCCESS YET1 :I* !Y PR$ICT WILL PROVIDE A MODEL = CORPORATE EXECUTIVES & ! M>KET+ 9DU/RY 9 ! FUTURE4 

,Y\ M5TION$ ! ,M9NESOTA POLL ON HEAL? C>E4 ,IT IS TYPICAL4 ,= DECADES1 POLLS HAVE %[N ?AT HEAL? C>E IS AT OR NE> ! TOP ( PUBLIC CONC]NS--NOT SURPRIS+LY1 GIV5 ! DISA/R\S FAILURE ( ! HEAL? C>E SY/EM1 ) P] CAPITA CO/S TWICE AS HI< AS COMP>ABLE SOCIETIES & SOME ( ! WOR/ \TCOMES4 ,POLLS ALSO CONSI/5TLY %[ ?AT L>GE MAJORITIES WANT A NATIONALIZ$ SY/EM1 CALL$ 0S+LE PAY]10 RA!R LIKE ! EXI/+ ,M$IC>E SY/EM = ! ELD]LY1 :I* IS F> MORE EFFICI5T ?AN ! PRIVATIZ$ SY/EMS OR ! ONE 9TRODUC$ BY ,OBAMA4 ,:5 ANY ( ?IS IS M5TION$1 :I* IS R>E1 IT IS CALL$ 0POLITICALLY IMPOSSIBLE0 OR 0LACK+ POLITICAL SUPPORT0--MEAN+ ?AT ! 9SURANCE & PH>MACEUTICAL 9DU/RIES1 & O!RS :O B5EFIT FROM ! CURR5T SY/EM1 OBJECT4 ,WE GA9$ AN 9T]E/+ 9SI<T 9TO ! WORK+S ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY FROM ! FACT ?AT 9 #b#h1 UNLIKE 9 #b#d1 ! ,DEMOCRATIC C&IDATES--FIR/ ,$W>DS1 !N ,CL9TON & ,OBAMA--CAME =W>D ) PROPOSALS ?AT AT LEA/ BEGAN TO APPROA* :AT ! PUBLIC HAS WANT$ = DECADES4 ,:Y8 ,NOT BECAUSE ( A %IFT 9 PUBLIC ATTITUDES1 :I* HAVE REMA9$ /EADY4 ,RA!R1 ! MANUFACTUR+ 9DU/RY HAS BE5 SUFF]+ FROM ! CO/LY & 9EFFICI5T PRIVATIZ$ HEAL? C>E SY/EM1 & ! 5ORM\S PRIVILEGES GRANT$1 BY LAW1 TO ! PH>MACEUTICAL 9DU/RIES4 ,:5 A L>GE SECTOR ( CONC5TRAT$ CAPITAL FAVORS SOME PROGRAM1 IT BECOMES 0POLITICALLY POSSIBLE0 & HAS 0POLITICAL SUPPORT40 ,JU/ AS REVEAL+ AS ! FACTS !MSELVES IS ?AT !Y >E NOT NOTIC$4 

,MU* ! SAME IS TRUE ON MANY O!R ISSUES1 DOME/IC & 9T]NATIONAL4 

,! ,U,S ECONOMY IS FAC+ MYRIAD PROBLEMS1 AL?\< PR(ITS = ! RI* & CORPORATIONS RETURN$ LONG AGO TO ! LEVELS !Y W]E PRIOR TO ! ]UPTION ( ! #bh F9ANCIAL CRISIS4 ,BUT ! ONE S+LE PROBLEM ?AT MO/ ACADEMIC & F9ANCIAL ANALY/S SEEM TO FOCUS ON AS BE+ ( MO/ CRITICAL NATURE IS ?AT ( GOV]NM5T DEBT4 ,ACCORD+ TO MA9/REAM ANALY/S1 ,U,S DEBT IS ALREADY \T ( CONTROL1 :I* IS :Y !Y HAVE BE5 >GU+ CONSI/5TLY AGA9/ BIG ECONOMIC /IMULUS PACKAGES TO BOO/ GR[?1 CONT5D+ ?AT SU* MEASURES WILL ONLY PU% ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DEEP] 9TO DEBT4 ,:AT IS ! LIKELY IMPACT ?AT A BALLOON+ DEBT WILL HAVE ON ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY & ON 9T]NATIONAL 9VE/ORS' CONFID5CE 9 ! EV5T ( A NEW F9ANCIAL CRISIS8 

,NO ONE REALLY KN[S4 ,DEBT HAS BE5 F> HI<] 9 ! PA/1 P>TICUL>LY AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 ,BUT ?AT WAS OV]COME ?ANKS TO ! REM>KABLE ECONOMIC GR[? UND] ! W>TIME SEMI-COMM& ECONOMY4 ,SO WE KN[ ?AT IF GOV]NM5T /IMULUS SPURS SU/A9$ ECONOMIC GR[?1 ! DEBT CAN BE CONTROLL$4 ,& !RE >E O!R DEVICES1 SU* AS 9FLATION4 ,BUT ! RE/ IS V]Y MU* GUESSWORK4 ,! MA9 FUND]S--PRIM>ILY ,*9A1 ,JAPAN1 OIL PRODUC]S--MI<T DECIDE TO %IFT !IR FUNDS ELSE:]E = HI<] PR(ITS4 ,BUT !RE >E FEW SIGNS ( SU* DEVELOPM5TS1 & !Y >E NOT TOO LIKELY4 ,! FUND]S HAVE A CONSID]ABLE /AKE 9 SU/A9+ ! ,U,S ECONOMY = !IR [N EXPORTS4 ,!RE IS NO WAY TO MAKE CONFID5T PR$ICTIONS1 BUT IT SEEMS CLE> ?AT ! 5TIRE WORLD IS 9 A T5U\S SITUATION1 TO SAY ! LEA/4 

,Y\ SEEM TO BELIEVE1 9 CONTRA/ TO SO MANY O!RS1 ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES REMA9S A GLOBAL ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 & ( C\RSE MILIT>Y SUP]P[] EV5 AFT] ! LATE/ CRISIS--& ,I DO HAVE ! SAME IMPRESSION1 AS WELL1 AS ! RE/ ( ! WORLD ECONOMIES >E NOT ONLY NOT 9 ANY %APE TO *ALL5GE ,AM]ICA'S HEGEMONY BUT >E LOOK+ T[>D ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AS A SAVIOR ( ! GLOBAL ECONOMY4 ,:AT DO Y\ SEE AS ! COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES ?AT ,U,S CAPITALISM HAS OV] ! ,E,U ECONOMY & ! NEWLY EM]G+ ECONOMIES 9 ,ASIA8 

,! #b#g-#b#h F9ANCIAL CRISIS 9 L>GE MEASURE ORIG9AT$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BUT ITS MAJOR COMPETITORS--,EUROPE & ,JAPAN--5D$ UP SUFF]+ MORE SEV]ELY1 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES REMA9$ ! *OICE LOCATION = 9VE/ORS :O >E LOOK+ = SECURITY 9 A TIME ( CRISIS4 ,! ADVANTAGES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E SUB/ANTIAL4 ,IT HAS EXT5SIVE 9T]NAL RES\RCES4 ,IT IS UNIFI$1 AN IMPORTANT FACT4 ,UNTIL ! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ! #a#h#fS1 ! PHRASE 0,UNIT$ ,/ATES0 WAS PLURAL 7AS IT /ILL IS 9 ,EUROPEAN LANGUAGES74 ,BUT S9CE !N1 ! PHRASE HAS BE5 S+UL>1 9 /&>D ,5GLI%4 ,POLICIES DESIGN$ 9 ,WA%+TON BY /ATE P[] & CONC5TRAT$ CAPITAL APPLY TO ! :OLE C\NTRY4 ,?AT IS F> H>D] 9 ,EUROPE4 ,A C\PLE ( YE>S AFT] ! ]UPTION ( ! LATE/ GLOBAL F9ANCIAL CRISIS1 ! ,EUROPEAN ,COMMISSION TASK =CE ISSU$ A REPORT SAY+1 0,EUROPE NE$S NEW BODIES TO MONITOR SY/EMIC RISK & COORD9ATE OV]SI<T ( F9ANCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ACROSS ! REGION'S PAT*WORK ( SUP]VISION10 ?\< ! TASK =CE1 HEAD$ !N BY A =M] ,FR5* C5TRAL BANK]1 0/OPP$ WELL %ORT ( SUGGE/+ A S+LE ,EUROPEAN WAT*DOG0--:I* ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAN HAVE ANY TIME IT WANTS4 ,= ,EUROPE1 IT W\LD BE 0AN ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE MISSION10 ! TASK =CE LEAD] SAID4 .<,SEV]AL.> ANALY/S1 9CLUD+ ! ,F9ANCIAL ,TIMES1 HAVE DESCRIB$ SU* A GOAL AS POLITICALLY IMPOSSIBLE1 0A /EP TOO F> = MANY MEMB] /ATES RELUCTANT TO C$E AU?ORITY 9 ?IS >EA40 ,!RE >E MANY O!R ADVANTAGES TO UNITY4 ,SOME ( ! H>MFUL EFFECTS ( ,EUROPEAN 9ABILITY TO COORD9ATE REACTIONS TO ! CRISIS HAVE BE5 WIDELY DISCUSS$ BY ,EUROPEAN ECONOMI/S4 

,! HI/ORICAL ROOTS ( !SE DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ,EUROPE & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E FAMILI>4 ,C5TURIES ( CONFLICT IMPOS$ A NATION-/ATE SY/EM 9 ,EUROPE1 & ! EXP]I5CE ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I CONV9C$ ,EUROPEANS ?AT !Y MU/ AB&ON !IR TRADITIONAL SPORT ( SLAU<T]+ ONE ANO!R1 BECAUSE ! NEXT TRY W\LD BE ! LA/4 ,SO WE HAVE :AT POLITICAL SCI5TI/S LIKE TO CALL 0A DEMOCRATIC PEACE10 ?\< IT IS F> FROM CLE> ?AT DEMOCRACY HAS MU* TO DO ) IT4 ,9 CONTRA/1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS A SETTL]-COLONIAL /ATE1 :I* MURD]$ ! 9DIG5\S POPULATION & CONSIGN$ ! REMNANTS TO 0RES]VATIONS10 :ILE CONQU]+ HALF ( ,MEXICO1 !N EXP&+ BEYOND4 ,F> MORE ?AN 9 ,EUROPE1 ! RI* 9T]NAL DIV]SITY WAS DE/ROY$4 ,! ,CIVIL ,W> CEM5T$ C5TRAL AU?ORITY1 & UNI=MITY 9 O!R DOMA9S AS WELL3 NATIONAL LANGUAGE1 CULTURAL PATT]NS1 HUGE /ATE-CORPORATE SOCIAL 5G9E]+ PROJECTS SU* AS ! SUBURBANIZATION ( ! SOCIETY1 MASSIVE C5TRAL SUBSIDY ( ADVANC$ 9DU/RY BY RESE>* & DEVELOPM5T1 PROCUREM5T & O!R DEVICES1 & MU* ELSE4 

,! NEW EM]G+ ECONOMIES 9 ,ASIA HAVE 9CR$IBLE 9T]NAL PROBLEMS UNKN[N 9 ! ,WE/4 ,WE KN[ MORE AB\T ,9DIA ?AN ,*9A1 BECAUSE IT IS A MORE OP5 SOCIETY4 ,!RE >E REASONS :Y IT RANKS #a#c? 9 ! ,HUMAN ,DEVELOPM5T ,9DEX 7AB\T :]E IT WAS BE=E ! P>TIAL NEOLIB]AL RE=MS72 ,*9A RANKS #i?1 & ! RANK C\LD BE WORSE IF MORE W]E KN[N AB\T IT4 ,?AT ONLY SCRAT*ES ! SURFACE4 ,9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 ,*9A & ,9DIA W]E ! COMM]CIAL & 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ( ! WORLD1 ) SOPHI/ICAT$ M>KET SY/EMS1 ADVANC$ HEAL? LEVELS BY COMP>ATIVE /&>DS1 & SO ON4 ,BUT IMP]IAL CONQUE/ & ECONOMIC POLICIES 7/ATE 9T]V5TION = ! RI*1 FREE M>KETS RAMM$ D[N ! ?ROATS ( ! POOR7 LEFT !M 9 MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS4 ,IT IS NOTABLE ?AT ! ONE C\NTRY ( ! GLOBAL ,S\? ?AT DEVELOP$ WAS ,JAPAN1 ! ONE C\NTRY ?AT WAS NOT COLONIZ$4 ,! CORRELATION IS NOT ACCID5TAL4 

,IS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES /ILL DICTAT+ ,I,M,F POLICIES8 

,IT'S OPAQUE1 BUT MY UND]/&+ IS ?AT ,I,M,F'S ECONOMI/S >E SUPPOS$ TO BE1 MAYBE >E1 SOME:AT 9DEP5D5T ( ! POLITICAL PEOPLE4 ,9 ! CASE ( ,GREECE1 & AU/]ITY G5]ALLY1 ! ECONOMI/S HAVE COME \T ) SOME /RONGLY CRITICAL PAP]S ON ! ,BRUSSELS PROGRAMS1 BUT ! POLITICAL PEOPLE SEEM TO BE IGNOR+ !M4 

,ON ! =EIGN POLICY FRONT1 ! 0W> ON T]ROR0 SEEMS TO BE A NEV]-5D+ 5T]PRISE &1 AS ) ! ,HYDRA MON/]1 TWO NEW HEADS POP UP :5 ONE IS CUT (F4 ,CAN MASSIVE 9T]V5TIONS ( =CE WIPE \T T]RORI/ ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ,I,S,I,S 7ALSO KN[N AS ,DAE% OR ,I,S,I,L78 

,UPON TAK+ (FICE1 ,OBAMA EXP&$ 9T]V5TION =CES & /EPP$ UP ! W>S 9 ,AF<ANI/AN & ,PAKI/AN1 JU/ AS HE HAD PROMIS$ HE W\LD DO4 ,!RE W]E PEACEFUL OPTIONS1 SOME RECOMM5D$ RI<T 9 ! MA9/REAM3 9 ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS1 = EXAMPLE4 ,BUT !SE DID NOT FALL UND] CONSID]ATION4 ,AF<AN PRESID5T ,HAMID ,K>ZAI'S FIR/ MESSAGE TO ,OBAMA1 :I* W5T UNANSW]$1 WAS A REQUE/ TO /OP BOMB+ CIVILIANS4 ,K>ZAI ALSO 9=M$ A ,U,N DELEGATION ?AT HE WANT$ A TIMETABLE = )DRAWAL ( =EIGN 7MEAN+ ,U,S7 TROOPS4 ,IMM$IATELY HE FELL \T ( FAVOR 9 ,WA%+TON1 & ACCORD+LY %IFT$ FROM A M$IA FAVORITE TO 0UNRELIABLE10 0CORRUPT10 & SO ON--:I* WAS NO MORE TRUE ?AN :5 HE WAS FET$ AS \R 0\R MAN0 9 ,KABUL4 ,OBAMA S5T MANY MORE TROOPS & /EPP$ UP BOMB+ ON BO? SIDES ( ! ,AF<AN-,PAKI/AN BORD]--! ,DUR& L9E1 AN >TIFICIAL BORD] E/ABLI%$ BY ! ,BRITI%1 :I* CUTS ! ,PA%TUN >EAS 9 TWO & :I* ! PEOPLE HAVE NEV] ACCEPT$4 ,AF<ANI/AN 9 ! PA/ (T5 PRESS$ = OBLIT]AT+ IT4 

,?AT IS ! C5TRAL COMPON5T ( ! 0W> ON T]ROR40 ,IT WAS C]TA9 TO /IMULATE T]ROR1 JU/ AS ! 9VASION ( ,IRAQ DID1 & AS RESORT TO =CE DOES QUITE G5]ALLY4 ,=CE CAN SUCCE$4 ,! EXI/5CE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS ONE ILLU/RATION4 ,! ,RUSSIANS 9 ,*E*NYA IS ANO!R4 ,BUT IT HAS TO BE OV]:ELM+1 & !RE >E PROBABLY TOO MANY T5TACLES TO WIPE \T ! T]RORI/ MON/] ?AT WAS L>GELY CREAT$ BY ,REAGAN & HIS ASSOCIATES1 S9CE NURTUR$ BY O!RS4 ,I,S,I,S IS ! LATE/ ONE1 & A F> MORE BRUTAL ORGANIZATION ?AN AL-,QA$A4 ,IT IS ALSO DIFF]5T 9 ! S5SE ?AT IT HAS T]RITORIAL CLAIMS4 ,IT CAN BE WIP$ \T ?R\< MASSIVE EMPLOYM5T ( TROOPS ON ! GR\ND1 BUT ?AT WON'T 5D ! EM]G5CE ( SIMIL>-M9D$ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,VIOL5CE BEGETS VIOL5CE4 

,U,S RELATIONS ) ,*9A HAVE GONE ?R\< DIFF]5T PHASES OV] ! PA/ FEW DECADES1 & IT IS H>D TO GET A H&LE ON :]E ?+S /& TODAY4 ,DO Y\ ANTICIPATE FUTURE ,U,S-,S9O RELATIONS TO IMPROVE OR DET]IORATE8 

,! ,U,S HAS A LOVE-HATE RELATION ) ,*9A4 ,*9A'S ABYSMAL WAGES1 WORK+ CONDITIONS1 & LACK ( 5VIRONM5TAL CON/RA9TS >E A GREAT BOON TO ,U,S & O!R ,WE/]N MANUFACTUR]S :O TRANSF] OP]ATIONS !RE1 & TO ! HUGE RETAIL 9DU/RY1 :I* CAN OBTA9 *EAP GOODS4 ,& ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES N[ RELIES ON ,*9A1 ,JAPAN1 & O!RS TO SU/A9 ITS [N ECONOMY4 ,BUT ,*9A POSES PROBLEMS AS WELL4 ,IT DOES NOT 9TIMIDATE EASILY4 ,:5 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES %AKES ITS FI/ AT ,EUROPE & TELLS ,EUROPEANS TO /OP DO+ BUS9ESS ) ,IRAN1 !Y MO/LY COMPLY4 ,*9A DOESN'T PAY MU* ATT5TION4 ,?AT'S FRI<T5+4 ,!RE IS A LONG HI/ORY ( CONJUR+ UP IMAG9>Y ,*9ESE ?REATS4 ,IT CONT9UES4 

,DO Y\ SEE ,*9A BE+ 9 A POSITION ANY TIME SOON TO POSE A ?REAT TO ,U,S GLOBAL 9T]E/S8 

,AMONG ! GREAT P[]S1 ,*9A HAS BE5 ! MO/ RES]V$ 9 USE ( =CE1 EV5 MILIT>Y PREP>ATIONS4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT LEAD+ ,U,S /RATEGIC ANALY/S 7,JOHN ,/E9BRUNN] & ,NANCY ,GALLA<]1 WRIT+ 9 ! J\RNAL ( ! ULTRA-RESPECTABLE ,AM]ICAN ,ACADEMY ( ,>TS & ,SCI5CES7 CALL$ ON ,*9A SOME YE>S AGO TO LEAD A COALITION ( PEACE-LOV+ NATIONS TO CONFRONT ! ,U,S AGGRESSIVE MILIT>ISM ?AT !Y ?9K IS LEAD+ TO 0ULTIMATE DOOM40 ,!RE IS LITTLE 9DICATION ( ANY SIGNIFICANT *ANGE 9 ?AT RESPECT4 ,BUT ,*9A DOES NOT FOLL[ ORD]S & IS TAK+ /EPS TO GA9 ACCESS TO 5]GY & O!R RES\RCES >\ND ! WORLD4 ,?AT CON/ITUTES A ?REAT4 

,9DIAN-,PAKI/ANI RELATIONS POSE CLE>LY A MAJOR *ALL5GE 9 ,U,S =EIGN POLICY4 ,IS ?IS A SITUATION ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAN ACTUALLY HAVE UND] CONTROL8 

,TO A LIMIT$ EXT5T4 ,& ! SITUATION IS HI<LY VOLATILE4 ,!RE IS CON/ANT ONGO+ VIOL5CE 9 ,KA%MIR--/ATE T]ROR BY ,9DIA1 ,PAKI/AN-BAS$ T]RORI/S4 ,& MU* MORE1 AS ! REC5T ,MUMBAI BOMB+S REVEAL$4 ,!RE >E ALSO POSSIBLE WAYS TO R$UCE T5SIONS4 ,ONE IS A PLANN$ PIPEL9E TO ,9DIA ?R\< ,PAKI/AN FROM ,IRAN1 ! NATURAL S\RCE ( 5]GY = ,9DIA4 ,PRESUMABLY1 ,WA%+TON'S DECISION TO UND]M9E ! NONPROLIF]ATION TREATY BY GRANT+ ,9DIA ACCESS TO NUCLE> TE*NOLOGY WAS 9 P>T MOTIVAT$ BY ! HOPE ( UND]CUTT+ ?IS OPTION & BR++ ,9DIA TO JO9 9 ,WA%+TON'S CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ,IRAN4 ,IT ALSO MAY BE A RELAT$ ISSUE 9 ,AF<ANI/AN1 :]E !RE HAS LONG BE5 DISCUSSION ( A PIPEL9E 7,T,A,P,I7 FROM ,TURKM5I/AN ?R\< ,AF<ANI/AN TO ,PAKI/AN & !N ,9DIA4 ,IT IS PROBABLY NOT A V]Y LIVE ISSUE1 BUT QUITE POSSIBLY IS 9 ! BACKGR\ND4 ,! 0GREAT GAME0 ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY IS ALIVE & WELL4 

,9 MANY CIRCLES1 !RE IS A WIDESPREAD IMPRESSION ?AT ! ,ISRAEL LOBBY CALLS ! %OTS 9 ,U,S =EIGN POLICY 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,IS ! P[] ( ! ,ISRAEL LOBBY SO /RONG ?AT IT CAN HAVE SWAY OV] A SUP]P[]8 

,MY FRI5D ,GILB]T ,A*C>1 A NOT$ SPECIALI/ ON ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & 9T]NATIONAL AFFAIRS G5]ALLY1 DESCRIBES ?AT IDEA AS 0PHANTASMAGORIC40 ,RI<TLY4 ,IT IS NOT ! LOBBY ?AT 9TIMIDATES ,U,S HI<-TE* 9DU/RY TO EXP& ITS 9VE/M5TS 9 ,ISRAEL1 OR ?AT TWI/S ! >M ( ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T SO ?AT IT WILL PRE-POSITION SUPPLIES !RE = LAT] ,U,S MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS & 9T5SIFY CLOSE MILIT>Y & 9TELLIG5CE RELATIONS4 

,:5 ! LOBBY'S GOALS CON=M TO P]CEIV$ ,U,S /RATEGIC & ECONOMIC 9T]E/S1 IT G5]ALLY GETS ITS WAY3 CRU%+ ( ,PALE/9IANS1 = EXAMPLE1 A MATT] ( LITTLE CONC]N TO ,U,S /ATE-CORPORATE P[]4 ,:5 GOALS DIV]GE1 AS (T5 HAPP5S1 ! LOBBY QUICKLY DISAPPE>S1 KN[+ BETT] ?AN TO CONFRONT AU!NTIC P[]4 

,I AGREE TOTALLY ) Y\R ANALYSIS1 BUT ,I ?9K Y\ W\LD ALSO AGREE ?AT ! ,ISRAEL LOBBY IS 9FLU5TIAL 5\<1 & BEYOND :ATEV] ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LEV]AGE IT C>RIES1 ?AT CRITICISMS ( ,ISRAEL /ILL CAUSE HY/]ICAL REACTIONS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--& Y\ C]TA9LY HAVE BE5 A T>GET ( RI<T-W+ ,ZIONI/S = MANY YE>S4 ,TO :AT DO WE ATTRIBUTE ?IS 9TANGIBLE 9FLU5CE ON ! P>T ( ! ,ISRAEL LOBBY OV] ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC OP9ION8 

,?AT IS ALL TRUE1 ?\< MU* LESS SO ?AN 9 REC5T YE>S4 ,IT IS NOT REALLY P[] OV] PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,9 NUMB]S1 BY F> ! L>GE/ SUPPORT = ,ISRAELI ACTIONS IS 9DEP5D5T ( ! LOBBY3 ,*RI/IAN RELIGI\S FUNDAM5TALI/S4 ,BRITI% & ,AM]ICAN ,ZIONISM PREC$$ ! ,ZIONI/ MOVEM5T1 BAS$ ON PROVID5TIALI/ 9T]PRETATIONS ( ,BIBLICAL PROPHECIES4 ,! POPULATION AT L>GE SUPPORTS ! TWO-/ATE SETTLEM5T1 D\BTLESS UNAW>E ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS BE5 UNILAT]ALLY BLOCK+ IT4 ,AMONG $UCAT$ SECTORS1 9CLUD+ ,JEWI% 9TELLECTUALS1 !RE WAS LITTLE 9T]E/ 9 ,ISRAEL BE=E ITS GREAT MILIT>Y VICTORY 9 #a#i#f#g1 :I* REALLY E/ABLI%$ ! ,U,S-,ISRAELI ALLIANCE4 ,?AT L$ TO A MAJOR LOVE AFFAIR ) ,ISRAEL ON ! P>T ( ! $UCAT$ CLASSES4 ,ISRAEL'S MILIT>Y PR[ESS & ! ,U,S-,ISRAELI ALLIANCE PROVID$ AN IRRESI/IBLE TEMPTATION TO COMB9E SUPPORT = ,WA%+TON ) WOR%IP ( P[] & HUMANIT>IAN PRETEXTS4 ,BUT TO PUT IT 9 P]SPECTIVE1 REACTIONS TO CRITICISM ( ,U,S CRIMES >E AT LEA/ AS SEV]E1 (T5 MORE SO4 ,IF ,I C\NT UP ! DEA? ?REATS ,I HAVE RECEIV$ OV] ! YE>S1 OR ! DIATRIBES 9 J\RNALS ( OP9ION1 ,ISRAEL IS F> FROM ! LEAD+ FACTOR4 ,! PH5OM5ON IS BY NO MEANS RE/RICT$ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,DESPITE MU* SELF-DELUSION1 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE IS NOT V]Y DIFF]5T--?\<1 ( C\RSE1 IT IS MORE OP5 TO CRITICISM ( ,U,S ACTIONS4 ,! CRIMES ( O!RS USUALLY T5D TO BE WELCOME1 (F]+ OPPORTUNITIES TO PO/URE AB\T ONE'S PR(\ND MORAL COMMITM5TS4 

,UND] ,]DOGAN1 ,TURKEY HAS BE5 9 A PROCESS ( UNFOLD+ A NEO-,OTTOMAN /RATEGY T[>DS ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & ,C5TRAL ,ASIA4 ,IS ! UNFOLD+ ( ?IS GR& /RATEGY TAK+ PLACE ) ! COLLABORATION OR ! OPPOSITION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES8 

,TURKEY1 ( C\RSE1 HAS BE5 A V]Y SIGNIFICANT ,U,S ALLY1 SO MU* SO ?AT UND] ,CL9TON IT BECAME ! LEAD+ RECIPI5T ( ,U,S >MS 7AFT] ,ISRAEL & ,EGYPT1 9 A SEP>ATE CATEGORY74 ,CL9TON P\R$ >MS 9TO ,TURKEY TO HELP IT C>RY \T A VA/ CAMPAIGN ( MURD]1 DE/RUCTION1 & T]ROR AGA9/ ITS ,KURDI% M9ORITY4 ,TURKEY HAS ALSO BE5 A MAJOR ALLY ( ,ISRAEL S9CE #a#i#e#h1 P>T ( A G5]AL ALLIANCE ( NON-,>AB /ATES1 UND] ! ,U,S EGIS1 ) ! TASK ( 5SUR+ CONTROL OV] ! WORLD'S MAJOR 5]GY S\RCES BY PROTECT+ ! RUL+ DICTATORS AGA9/ :AT IS CALL$ 0RADICAL NATIONALISM0--A EUPHEMISM = ! POPULATIONS4 ,U,S-,TURKI% RELATIONS HAVE SOMETIMES BE5 /RA9$4 ,?AT WAS P>TICUL>LY TRUE 9 ! BUILDUP TO ! ,U,S 9VASION ( ,IRAQ1 :5 ! ,TURKI% GOV]NM5T1 B[+ TO ! WILL ( #ie P]C5T ( ! POPULATION1 REFUS$ TO JO94 ,?AT CAUS$ FURY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,PAUL ,WOLF[ITZ WAS DISPAT*$ TO ORD] ! DISOB$I5T GOV]NM5T TO M5D ITS EVIL WAYS1 TO APOLOGIZE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ITS DUTY IS TO HELP ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,!SE WELL-PUBLICIZ$ EV5TS 9 NO WAY UND]M9$ ,WOLF[ITZ'S REPUTATION 9 ! LIB]AL M$IA AS ! 0IDEALI/ 9 *IEF0 ( ! ,BU% ADM9I/RATION1 UTT]LY D$ICAT$ TO PROMOT+ DEMOCRACY4 ,RELATIONS >E SOME:AT T5SE TODAY TOO1 ?\< ! ALLIANCE IS 9 PLACE4 ,TURKEY HAS QUITE NATURAL POT5TIAL RELATIONS ) ,IRAN & ,C5TRAL ,ASIA & MI<T BE 9CL9$ TO PURSUE !M1 P]HAPS RAIS+ T5SIONS ) ,WA%+TON AGA94 ,BUT IT DOES NOT LOOK TOO LIKELY RI<T N[4 

,ON ! ,WE/]N FRONT1 >E PLANS = ! EA/W>D EXPANSION ( ,N,A,T,O1 :I* GO BACK TO ! ]A ( ,BILL ,CL9TON1 /ILL 9 PLACE8 

,ONE ( ,CL9TON'S MAJOR CRIMES 9 MY OP9ION--& !RE W]E MANY--WAS TO EXP& ,N,A,T,O TO ! EA/1 9 VIOLATION ( A FIRM PL$GE TO ,GORBA*EV BY HIS PR$ECESSORS AFT] ,GORBA*EV MADE ! A/ONI%+ CONCESSION TO ALL[ A UNIT$ ,G]MANY TO JO9 A HO/ILE MILIT>Y ALLIANCE4 ,!SE V]Y S]I\S PROVOCATIONS W]E C>RI$ =W>D BY ,BU%1 ALONG ) A PO/URE ( AGGRESSIVE MILIT>ISM :I*1 AS PR$ICT$1 ELICIT$ /RONG REACTIONS FROM ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT ,AM]ICAN R$L9ES >E ALREADY PLAC$ ON ,RUSSIA'S BORD]S4 

,:AT >E Y\R VIEWS AB\T ! ,E,U8 ,IT IS /ILL L>GELY A TRAILBLAZ] = NEOLIB]ALISM & H>DLY A BULW>K = ,U,S AGGRESSION4 ,BUT DO Y\ SEE ANY SIGNS ?AT IT CAN EM]GE AT SOME PO9T AS A CON/RUCTIVE1 9FLU5TIAL ACTOR ON ! WORLD /AGE8 

,IT C\LD4 ,?AT IS A DECISION = ,EUROPEANS TO MAKE4 ,SOME HAVE FAVOR$ TAK+ AN 9DEP5D5T /ANCE1 NOTABLY ,DE ,GAULLE4 ,BUT BY & L>GE1 ,EUROPEAN ELITES HAVE PREF]R$ PASSIVITY1 FOLL[+ PRETTY MU* 9 ,WA%+TON'S FOOT/EPS4 

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