,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #e 
,GLOBAL ,W>M+ & ! ,FUTURE ( ,HUMANITY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

,TEXT 3 

,GLOBAL ,W>M+ & ! ,FUTURE ( ,HUMANITY 

  

,C4 ,J4 ,P,O,L,Y,*,R,O,N,I,\3 ,A CONS5SUS SEEMS TO BE EM]G+ AMONG SCI5TI/S & EV5 POLITICAL & SOCIAL ANALY/S ?AT GLOBAL W>M+ & CLIMATE *ANGE REPRES5T ! GREATE/ ?REAT TO ! PLANET4 ,DO Y\ CONCUR ) ?IS VIEW1 & :Y8 

,N,O,A,M ,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,I AGREE ) ! CONCLUSION ( ! EXP]TS :O SET ! ,DOOMSDAY ,CLOCK = ! ,BULLET9 ( ,ATOMIC ,SCI5TI/S4 ,!Y HAVE MOV$ ! CLOCK TWO M9UTES CLOS] TO MIDNI<T--?REE M9UTES TO MIDNI<T--BECAUSE ( ! 9CREAS+ ?REATS ( NUCLE> W> & GLOBAL W>M+4 ,?AT SEEMS TO ME A CR$IBLE JUDGM5T4 ,REVIEW ( ! RECORD %[S ?AT IT'S A NE> MIRACLE ?AT WE HAVE SURVIV$ ! NUCLE> AGE4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 REPEAT$ CASES :5 NUCLE> W> CAME OM9\SLY CLOSE1 (T5 A RESULT ( MALFUNCTION+ ( E>LY-W>N+ SY/EMS & O!R ACCID5TS1 SOMETIMES AS A RESULT ( HI<LY ADV5TURI/ ACTS ( POLITICAL LEAD]S4 ,IT HAS BE5 KN[N = SOME TIME ?AT A MAJOR NUCLE> W> MI<T LEAD TO NUCLE> W9T] ?AT W\LD DE/ROY ! ATTACK] AS WELL AS ! T>GET4 ,& ?REATS >E N[ M\NT+1 P>TICUL>LY AT ! ,RUSSIAN BORD]1 CONFIRM+ ! PR$ICTION ( ,GEORGE ,K5NAN & O!R PROM95T FIGURES ?AT ,N,A,T,O EXPANSION1 P>TICUL>LY ! WAY IT WAS UND]TAK51 W\LD PROVE TO BE A 0TRAGIC MI/AKE10 A 0POLICY ]ROR ( HI/ORIC PROPORTIONS40 

,AS = CLIMATE *ANGE1 IT'S BY N[ WIDELY ACCEPT$ BY ! SCI5TIFIC COMMUNITY ?AT WE HAVE 5T]$ A NEW GEOLOGICAL ]A1 ! ,AN?ROPOC5E1 9 :I* ! ,E>?'S CLIMATE IS BE+ RADICALLY MODIFI$ BY HUMAN ACTION1 CREAT+ A V]Y DIFF]5T PLANET1 ONE ?AT MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SU/A9 ORGANIZ$ HUMAN LIFE 9 ANY?+ LIKE A =M WE W\LD WANT TO TOL]ATE4 ,!RE IS GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT WE HAVE ALREADY 5T]$ ! ,SIX? ,EXT9CTION1 A P]IOD ( DE/RUCTION ( SPECIES ON A MASSIVE SCALE1 COMP>ABLE TO ! ,FIF? ,EXT9CTION #fe MILLION YE>S AGO1 :5 ?REE-QU>T]S ( ! SPECIES ON E>? W]E DE/ROY$1 APP>5TLY BY A HUGE A/]OID4 ,ATMOSPH]IC C>BON DIOXIDE IS RIS+ AT A RATE UNPREC$5T$ 9 ! GEOLOGICAL RECORD S9CE #ee MILLION YE>S AGO4 ,!RE IS CONC]N--TO QUOTE A /ATEM5T BY #ae DI/+UI%$ SCI5TI/S--?AT 0GLOBAL W>M+1 AMPLIFI$ BY FE$BACKS FROM POL> ICE MELT1 ME?ANE RELEASE FROM P]MAFRO/1 & EXT5SIVE FIRES1 MAY BECOME IRREV]SIBLE10 ) CATA/ROPHIC CONSEQU5CES = LIFE ON ,E>?1 HUMANS 9CLUD$--& NOT 9 ! DI/ANT FUTURE4 ,SEA LEVEL RISE--& DE/RUCTION ( WAT] RES\RCES AS GLACI]S MELT--ALONE MAY HAVE HORR5D\S HUMAN CONSEQU5CES4 

,VIRTUALLY ALL SCI5TIFIC /UDIES PO9T TO 9CREAS$ TEMP]ATURES S9CE #a#i#g#e1 & A REC5T /ORY 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES CONFIRMS ?AT DECADES-LONG W>N+S BY SCI5TI/S ON GLOBAL W>M+ >E NO LONG] !ORETICAL1 AS L& ICE MELTS & SEA LEVELS RISE4.<#h.> ,YET1 !RE >E /ILL PEOPLE \T !RE :O NOT ONLY QUE/ION ! WIDELY ACCEPT$ SCI5TIFIC VIEW ?AT CURR5T CLIMATE *ANGE IS MO/LY CAUS$ BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES BUT ALSO CA/ A D\BT ON ! RELIABILITY ( SURFACE TEMP]ATURES4 ,DO Y\ ?9K ?IS IS ALL POLITICALLY DRIV51 OR ALSO CAUS$ BY IGNORANCE & P]HAPS EV5 FE> ( *ANGE8 

,IT IS AN A/ONI%+ FACT AB\T ! CURR5T ]A ?AT 9 ! MO/ P[]FUL C\NTRY 9 WORLD HI/ORY1 ) A HI< LEVEL ( $UCATION & PRIVILEGE1 ONE ( ! TWO POLITICAL P>TIES VIRTUALLY D5IES ! WELL-E/ABLI%$ FACTS AB\T AN?ROPOG5IC CLIMATE *ANGE4 ,9 ! PRIM>Y DEBATES = ! #baf ELECTION1 EV]Y S+LE ,REPUBLICAN C&IDATE WAS A CLIMATE *ANGE D5I]1 ) ONE EXCEPTION1 ,JOHN ,KASI*--! 0RATIONAL MOD]ATE0--:O SAID IT MAY BE HAPP5+ BUT WE %\LDN'T DO ANY?+ AB\T IT4 ,= A LONG TIME1 ! M$IA HAVE D[NPLAY$ ! ISSUE4 ,! EUPHORIC REPORTS ON ,U,S FOSSIL FUEL PRODUCTION1 5]GY 9DEP5D5CE1 & SO ON1 R>ELY EV5 M5TION ! FACT ?AT !SE TRIUMPHS ACCEL]ATE ! RACE TO DISA/]4 ,!RE >E O!R FACTORS TOO1 BUT UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 IT H>DLY SEEMS SURPRIS+ ?AT A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( ! POPULATION EI!R JO9S ! D5I]S OR REG>DS ! PROBLEM AS NOT V]Y SIGNIFICANT4 

,9 GLOBAL SURVEYS1 ,AM]ICANS >E MORE SKEPTICAL ?AN O!R PEOPLE >\ND ! WORLD OV] CLIMATE *ANGE4.<#i.> ,:Y IS ?AT8 ,& :AT DOES IT TELL US AB\T ,AM]ICAN POLITICAL CULTURE8 

,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS TO AN UNUSUAL EXT5T A BUS9ESS-RUN SOCIETY1 :]E %ORT-T]M CONC]NS ( PR(IT & M>KET %>E DISPLACE RATIONAL PLANN+4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS ALSO UNUSUAL 9 ! 5ORM\S SCALE ( RELIGI\S FUNDAM5TALISM4 ,! IMPACT ON UND]/&+ ( ! WORLD IS EXTRAORD9>Y4 ,9 NATIONAL POLLS ALMO/ HALF ( ?OSE SURVEY$ HAVE REPORT$ ?AT !Y BELIEVE ?AT ,GOD CREAT$ HUMANS 9 !IR PRES5T =M T5 ?\S& YE>S AGO 7OR LESS7 & ?AT MAN %>ES NO COMMON ANCE/OR ) ! APE4 ,!RE >E SIMIL> BELIEFS AB\T ! ,SECOND ,COM+4 ,S5ATOR ,JAMES ,9H(E1 :O HEAD$ ! ,S5ATE ,COMMITTEE ON ! ,5VIRONM5T1 SPEAKS = MANY :5 HE ASSURES US ?AT 0,GOD'S /ILL UP !RE & !RE'S A REASON = ?IS TO HAPP510 SO IT IS SACRILEGI\S = M]E HUMANS TO 9T]F]E4 

,REC5T DATA RELAT$ TO GLOBAL EMISSIONS ( HEAT-TREAT+ GASES SUGGE/ ?AT WE MAY HAVE LEFT BEH9D US ! P]IOD ( CON/ANTLY 9CREAS$ EMISSIONS4.<#a.> ,IS !RE ROOM H]E = OPTIMISM AB\T ! FUTURE ( ! 5VIRONM5T8 

,!RE IS ALWAYS ROOM = ,GRAMSCI'S 0OPTIMISM ( ! WILL40 ,!RE >E /ILL MANY OPTIONS1 BUT !Y >E DIM9I%+4 ,OPTIONS RANGE FROM SIMPLE 9ITIATIVES ?AT >E EASILY UND]TAK5 LIKE WEA!RIZ+ HOMES 7:I* C\LD ALSO CREATE MANY JOBS71 TO 5TIRELY NEW =MS ( 5]GY1 P]HAPS FUSION1 P]HAPS NEW MEANS ( EXPLOIT+ SOL> 5]GY \TSIDE ! ,E>?'S ATMOSPH]E 7:I* HAS BE5 S]I\SLY SUGGE/$71 TO ME?ODS ( DEC>BONIZATION ?AT MI<T1 CONCEIVABLY1 EV5 REV]SE SOME ( ! 5ORM\S DAMAGE ALREADY 9FLICT$ ON ! PLANET4 ,& MU* ELSE4 

,GIV5 ?AT *ANGE 9 HUMAN BEHAVIOR HAPP5S SL[LY & ?AT IT WILL TAKE MANY DECADES BE=E ! WORLD ECONOMY MAKES A %IFT TO NEW1 CLEAN7]7 =MS ( 5]GY1 %\LD WE LOOK T[>D A TE*NOLOGICAL SOLUTION TO CLIMATE *ANGE8 

,ANY?+ FEASIBLE & POT5TIALLY EFFECTIVE %\LD BE EXPLOR$4 ,!RE IS LITTLE D\BT ?AT A SIGNIFICANT P>T ( ANY S]I\S SOLUTION WILL REQUIRE ADVANCES ( TE*NOLOGY1 BUT ?AT CAN ONLY BE P>T ( ! SOLUTION4 ,O!R MAJOR *ANGES >E NECESS>Y4 ,9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION ( MEAT MAKES A HUGE CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL W>M+4 ,! 5TIRE SOCIOECONOMIC SY/EM IS BAS$ ON PRODUCTION = PR(IT & A GR[? IMP]ATIVE ?AT CANNOT BE SU/A9$4 

,!RE >E ALSO FUNDAM5TAL ISSUES ( VALUE3 ,:AT IS A DEC5T LIFE8 ,%\LD ! MA/]-S]VANT RELATION BE TOL]AT$8 ,%\LD ONE'S GOALS REALLY BE MAXIMIZATION ( COMMODITIES--,VEBL5'S 0CONSPICU\S CONSUMPTION08 ,SURELY !RE >E HI<] & MORE FULFILL+ ASPIRATIONS4 

,MANY 9 ! PROGRESSIVE & RADICAL COMMUNITY1 9CLUD+ ! ,UNION ( ,CONC]N$ ,SCI5TI/S 7,U,C,S71 >E QUITE SKEPTICAL & EV5 OPPOS$ TO SO-CALL$ GEO5G9E]+ SOLUTIONS4 ,IS ?IS ! FLIP SIDE ( ! CO9 TO CLIMATE *ANGE D5I]S8 

,?AT DOES NOT SEEM TO ME A FAIR ASSESSM5T4 ,U,C,S & O!RS LIKE !M MAY BE RI<T OR WRONG1 BUT !Y (F] S]I\S REASONS4 ,?AT IS ALSO TRUE ( ! V]Y SMALL GR\P ( S]I\S SCI5TI/S :O QUE/ION ! OV]:ELM+ CONS5SUS1 BUT ! MASS CLIMATE D5I] MOVEM5TS--LIKE ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY & ?OSE !Y REPRES5T-->E A DIFF]5T PH5OM5ON ALTOGE!R4 ,AS = GEO5G9E]+1 !RE HAVE BE5 S]I\S G5]AL CRITIQUES ?AT ,I ?9K CANNOT BE IGNOR$1 LIKE ,CLIVE ,HAMILTON'S1 ALONG ) MANY POSITIVE ASSESSM5TS4 ,IT IS NOT A MATT] = SUBJECTIVE JUDGM5T BAS$ ON GUESSWORK & 9TUITION4 ,RA!R1 !SE >E MATT]S ?AT HAVE TO BE CONSID]$ S]I\SLY1 RELY+ ON ! BE/ SCI5TIFIC UND]/&+ AVAILABLE1 )\T AB&ON+ S5SIBLE PRECAUTION>Y PR9CIPLES4 

,:AT IMM$IATE BUT REALI/IC & 5=CEABLE ACTIONS C\LD OR %\LD BE TAK5 TO TACKLE ! CLIMATE *ANGE ?REAT8 

,RAPID 5D+ ( USE ( FOSSIL FUELS1 %>P 9CREASE 9 R5EWABLE 5]GY1 RESE>* 9TO NEW OPTIONS = SU/A9ABLE 5]GY1 SIGNIFICANT /EPS T[>D CONS]VATION1 &1 NOT LEA/1 A F>-REA*+ CRITIQUE ( ! CAPITALI/ MODEL ( HUMAN & RES\RCE EXPLOITATION2 EV5 AP>T FROM ITS IGNOR+ ( EXT]NALITIES1 ! LATT] IS A VIRTUAL DEA? KNELL = ! SPECIES4 

,IS !RE A WAY TO PR$ICT H[ ! WORLD WILL LOOK LIKE FIFTY YE>S FROM N[ IF HUMANS FAIL TO TACKLE & REV]SE GLOBAL W>M+ & CLIMATE *ANGE8 

,IF CURR5T T5D5CIES P]SI/1 ! \TCOME WILL BE DISA/R\S BE=E TOO LONG4 ,L>GE P>TS ( ! WORLD WILL BECOME B>ELY HABITABLE1 AFFECT+ HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE1 ALONG ) O!R DISA/]S ?AT WE CAN B>ELY CONTEMPLATE4 

,ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,TRU?\T1 ,SEPTEMB] #a#g1 #baf 

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