,PEACE ,UTOPIAS ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ,TEXT 3 ,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,LEIPZIG] ,VOLKZEITUNG1 ,MAY #f & #h1 #a#i#a#a4 ,S\RCE3 ,?IS WORK WAS REPR9T$ 9 A %ORT] =M 9 ,DIE ,9T]NATIONALE1 ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#f4 ,A TRANSLATION ( ! LATT] PIECE WAS MADE 9 ,! ,LABOR ,MON?LY1 ,JULY #a#i#b#f1 PP4#d#b#a-#d#b#h1 FROM :I* ?IS V]SION IS TAK54 ,WE E>NE/LY W\LD LIKE TO PR9T ! FULL COPY1 9/EAD ( ?IS AB/RACT V]SION1 :I* IS ! BE/ WE'VE BE5 ABLE TO F9D HI!RTO4 ,TRANSLAT$3 7FROM ! ,G]MAN7 8 ,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,T$ ,CRAW=D_/,BRIAN ,BAGG9S4 ,COPYLEFT3 ,LUXEMBURG ,9T]NET ,>*IVE 7M>XI/S4ORG7 #b#d4 ,:,A,T IS \R TASK 9 ! QUE/ION ( PEACE8 ,IT DOES NOT CONSI/ M]ELY 9 VIGOR\SLY DEMON/RAT+ AT ALL TIMES ! LOVE ( PEACE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS2 BUT FIR/ & =EMO/ \R TASK IS TO MAKE CLE> TO ! MASSES ( PEOPLE ! NATURE ( MILIT>ISM & %>PLY & CLE>LY TO BR+ \T ! DIFF]5CES 9 PR9CIPLE BETWE5 ! /&PO9T ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS & ?AT ( ! B\RGEOIS PEACE 5?USIA/S4 ,:]E9 DOES ?IS DIFF]5CE LIE8 ,C]TA9LY NOT M]ELY 9 ! FACT ?AT ! B\RGEOIS APO/LES ( PEACE >E RELY+ ON ! 9FLU5CE ( F9E WORDS1 :ILE WE DO NOT DEP5D ON WORDS ALONE4 ,\R V]Y PO9TS ( DEP>TURE >E DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$3 ! FRI5DS ( PEACE 9 B\RGEOIS CIRCLES BELIEVE ?AT WORLD PEACE & DIS>MAM5T CAN BE REALIZ$ )9 ! FRAME-WORK ( ! PRES5T SOCIAL ORD]1 :]EAS WE1 :O BASE \RSELVES ON ! MAT]IALI/IC CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY & ON SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM1 >E CONV9C$ ?AT MILIT>ISM CAN ONLY BE ABOLI%$ FROM ! WORLD ) ! DE/RUCTION ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS /ATE4 ,FROM ?IS FOLL[S ! MUTUAL OPPOSITION ( \R TACTICS 9 PROPAGAT+ ! IDEA ( PEACE4 ,! B\RGEOIS FRI5DS ( PEACE >E 5DEAVOR+ - & FROM !IR PO9T ( VIEW ?IS IS P]FECTLY LOGICAL & EXPLICABLE - TO 9V5T ALL SORTS ( 0PRACTICAL0 PROJECTS = GRADUALLY RE/RA9+ MILIT>ISM1 & >E NATURALLY 9CL9$ TO CONSID] EV]Y \TW>D APP>5T SIGN ( A T5D5CY T[>D PEACE AS ! G5U9E >TICLE1 TO TAKE EV]Y EXPRESSION ( ! RUL+ DIPLOMACY 9 ?IS VE9 AT ITS WORD1 TO EXAGG]ATE IT 9TO A BASIS = E>NE/ ACTIVITY4 ,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 ON ! O!R H&1 MU/ CONSID] IT !IR DUTY 9 ?IS MATT]1 JU/ AS 9 ALL MATT]S ( SOCIAL CRITICISM1 TO EXPOSE ! B\RGEOIS ATTEMPTS TO RE/RA9 MILIT>ISM AS PITIFUL HALF-MEASURES1 & ! EXPRESSIONS ( SU* S5TIM5TS ON ! P>T ( ! GOV]N+ CIRCLES AS DIPLOMATIC MAKE-BELIEVE1 & TO OPPOSE ! B\RGEOIS CLAIMS & PRET5SES ) ! RU?LESS ANALYSIS ( CAPITALI/ REALITY4 ,FROM ?IS SAME /&PO9T ! TASKS ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ) REG>D TO ! DECL>ATIONS ( ! K9D MADE BY ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T CAN ONLY BE TO %[ UP ! IDEA ( A P>TIAL LIMITATION ( >MAM5TS1 9 ALL ITS IMPRACTICABILITY1 AS A HALF-MEASURE1 & TO 5DEAVOR TO MAKE IT CLE> TO ! PEOPLE ?AT MILIT>ISM IS CLOSELY L9K$ UP ) COLONIAL POLITICS1 ) T>IFF POLITICS1 & ) 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS1 & ?AT !RE=E ! PRES5T ,NATIONS1 IF !Y REALLY S]I\SLY & HONE/LY WI% TO CALL A HALT ON COMPETITIVE >MAM5TS1 W\LD HAVE TO BEG9 BY DIS>M+ 9 ! COMM]CIAL POLITICAL FIELD1 GIVE UP COLONIAL PR$ATORY CAMPAIGNS & ! 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS ( SPH]ES ( 9FLU5CE 9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD - 9 A WORD1 9 !IR =EIGN AS WELL AS 9 !IR DOME/IC POLITICS W\LD HAVE TO DO ! EXACT CONTR>Y ( EV]Y?+ :I* ! NATURE ( ! PRES5T POLITICS ( A CAPITALI/ CLASS /ATE DEM&S4 ,& ?US W\LD BE CLE>LY EXPLA9$ :AT CON/ITUTES ! K]NEL ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC CONCEPTION1 ?AT MILIT>ISM 9 BO? ITS =MS - AS W> & AS >M$ PEACE - IS A LEGITIMATE *ILD1 A LOGICAL RESULT ( CAPITALISM1 :I* CAN ONLY BE OV]COME ) ! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALISM1 & ?AT H5CE :OEV] HONE/LY DESIRES WORLD PEACE & LIB]ATION FROM ! TREM5D\S BURD5 ( >MAM5TS MU/ ALSO DESIRE ,SOCIALISM4 ,ONLY 9 ?IS WAY CAN REAL ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC 5LIRI$ ON 9 CONNECTION ) ! >MAM5TS DEBATE4 ,?IS WORK1 H[EV]1 WILL BE R5D]$ SOME:AT DIFFICULT & ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS WILL BECOME OBSCURE & VACILLAT+ IF1 BY SOME /RANGE EX*ANGE ( ROLES1 \R ,P>TY TRIES ON ! CONTR>Y TO CONV9CE ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE ?AT IT CAN QUITE WELL LIMIT >MAM5TS & BR+ AB\T PEACE & ?AT IT CAN DO ?IS FROM ITS [N /&PO9T1 FROM ?AT ( A CAPITALI/ CLASS ,/ATE4 ,IT HAS UNTIL N[ BE5 ! PRIDE & ! FIRM SCI5TIFIC BASIS ( \R ,P>TY1 ?AT NOT ONLY ! G5]AL L9ES ( \R PROGRAM BUT ALSO ! SLOGANS ( \R PRACTICAL EV]YDAY POLICY W]E NOT 9V5T$ \T ( ODDS & 5DS AS SOME?+ DESIRABLE1 BUT ?AT 9 ALL ?+S WE RELI$ ON \R KN[L$GE ( ! T5D5CIES ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T & MADE ! OBJECTIVE L9ES ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T ! BASIS ( \R ATTITUDE4 ,= US ! DET]M9+ FACTOR UNTIL N[ HAS NOT BE5 ! POSSIBILITY FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! RELATION ( =CES )9 ! ,/ATE1 BUT ! POSSIBILITY FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! T5D5CIES ( DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY4 ,! LIMITATION ( >MAM5TS1 ! RETR5*M5T ( MILIT>ISM1 DOES NOT CO9CIDE ) ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALISM4 ,ONLY ?OSE :O BELIEVE 9 ! MITIGATION & BLUNT+ ( CLASS ANTAGONISMS1 & 9 ! *ECK+ ( ! ECONOMIC AN>*Y ( CAPITALISM1 CAN BELIEVE 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( !SE 9T]NATIONAL CONFLICTS ALL[+ !MSELVES TO BE SLACK5$1 TO BE MITIGAT$ & WIP$ \T4 ,= ! 9T]NATIONAL ANTAGONISMS ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATES >E BUT ! COMPLEM5T ( CLASS ANTAGONISMS1 & ! WORLD POLITICAL AN>*Y BUT ! REV]SE SIDE ( ! AN>*IC SY/EM ( PRODUCTION ( CAPITALISM4 ,BO? CAN GR[ ONLY TOGE!R & BE OV]COME ONLY TOGE!R4 0,A LITTLE ORD] & PEACE0 IS1 !RE=E1 JU/ AS IMPOSSIBLE1 JU/ AS MU* A PETTY-B\RGEOIS ,UTOPIA1 ) REG>D TO ! CAPITALI/ WORLD M>KET AS TO WORLD POLITICS1 & ) REG>D TO ! LIMITATION ( CRISES AS TO ! LIMITATION ( >MAM5TS4 ,LET US CA/ A GLANCE AT ! EV5TS ( ! LA/ FIFTE5 YE>S ( 9T]NATIONAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,:]E DO !Y %[ ANY T5D5CY T[>D PEACE1 T[>D DIS>MAM5T1 T[>D SETTLEM5T ( CONFLICTS BY >BITRATION8 ,DUR+ !SE FIFTE5 YE>S WE HAD ?IS3 9 #ahie ! W> BETWE5 ,JAPAN & ,*9A1 :I* IS ! PRELUDE TO ! ,EA/ ,ASIATIC P]IOD ( IMP]IALISM2 9 #ahih ! W> BETWE5 ,SPA9 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 9 #a#h#i#i-#a#i#b ! ,BRITI% ,BO] ,W> 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA2 9 #ai ! CAMPAIGN ( ! ,EUROPEAN P[]S 9 ,*9A2 9 #aid ! ,RUSSO-,JAPANESE ,W>2 9 #a#i#d-#g ! ,G]MAN ,H]]O ,W> 9 ,AFRICA2 & !N !RE WAS ALSO ! MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION ( ,RUSSIA 9 #aih 9 ,P]SIA1 AT ! PRES5T MOM5T ! MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION ( ,FRANCE 9 ,MOROCCO1 )\T M5TION+ ! 9CESSANT COLONIAL SKIRMI%ES 9 ,ASIA & 9 ,AFRICA4 ,H5CE ! B>E FACTS ALONE %[ ?AT = FIFTE5 YE>S H>DLY A YE> HAS GONE BY )\T SOME W> ACTIVITY4 ,BUT MORE IMPORTANT /ILL IS ! AFT] EFFECT ( !SE W>S4 ,! W> ) ,*9A WAS FOLL[$ 9 ,JAPAN BY A MILIT>Y REORGANIZATION :I* MADE IT POSSIBLE T5 YE>S LAT] TO UND]TAKE ! W> AGA9/ ,RUSSIA & :I* MADE ,JAPAN ! PR$OM9ANT MILIT>Y P[] 9 ! ,PACIFIC4 ,! ,BO] ,W> RESULT$ 9 A MILIT>Y REORGANIZATION ( ,5GL&1 ! /R5G!N+ ( H] >M$ =CES ON L&4 ,! W> ) ,SPA9 9SPIR$ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO REORGANIZE ITS NAVY & MOV$ IT TO 5T] COLONIAL POLITICS ) IMP]IALI/ 9T]E/S 9 ,ASIA1 & ?US WAS CREAT$ ! G]M ( ! ANTAGONISM ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,JAPAN 9 ! ,PACIFIC4 ,! ,*9ESE CAMPAIGN WAS ACCOMPANI$ 9 ,G]MANY BY A ?OR\< MILIT>Y REORGANIZATION1 ! GREAT ,NAVY ,LAW ( #a#i1 :I* M>KS ! BEG9N+ ( ! COMPETITION ( ,G]MANY ) ,5GL& ON ! SEA & ! %>P5+ ( ! ANTAGONISMS BETWE5 !SE TWO NATIONS4 ,BUT !RE IS ANO!R & EXTREMELY IMPORTANT FACTOR BESIDES ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL AWAK5+ ( ! H9T]L&S1 ( ! COLONIES & ! 0SPH]ES ( 9T]E/10 TO 9DEP5D5T LIFE4 ,! REVOLUTION 9 ,TURKEY1 9 ,P]SIA1 ! REVOLUTION>Y F]M5T 9 ,*9A1 9 ,9DIA1 9 ,EGYPT1 9 ,>ABIA1 9 ,MOROCCO1 9 ,MEXICO1 ALL !SE >E ALSO />T+ PO9TS ( WORLD POLITICAL ANTAGONISMS1 T5SIONS1 MILIT>Y ACTIVITIES & >MAM5TS4 ,IT WAS JU/ DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ?IS FIFTE5 YE>S ?AT ! PO9TS ( FRICTION 9 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS HAVE 9CREAS$ TO AN UNP>ALLEL$ DEGREE1 A NUMB] ( NEW ,/ATES /EPP$ 9TO ACTIVE /RUGGLE ON ! 9T]NATIONAL /AGE1 ALL ! ,GREAT ,P[]S UND]W5T A ?OR\< MILIT>Y REORGANIZATION4 ,! ANTAGONISMS1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ALL !SE EV5TS1 HAVE REA*$ AN ACUT5ESS NEV] KN[N BE=E1 & ! PROCESS IS GO+ FUR!R & FUR!R1 S9CE ON ! ONE H& ! F]M5T 9 ! ,ORI5T IS 9CREAS+ FROM DAY TO DAY1 & ON ! O!R EV]Y SETTLEM5T BETWE5 ! MILIT>Y P[]S UNAVOIDABLY BECOMES ! />T+ PO9T = FRE% CONFLICTS4 ,! ,REVAL ,5T5TE BETWE5 ,RUSSIA1 ,GREAT ,BRITA9 & ,FRANCE1 :I* ,JAURS HAIL$ AS A GU>ANTEE = WORLD PEACE1 L$ TO ! %>P5+ ( ! CRISIS 9 ! ,BALKANS1 ACCEL]AT$ ! \TBREAK ( ! ,TURKI% ,REVOLUTION1 5C\RAG$ ,RUSSIA TO MILIT>Y ACTION 9 ,P]SIA & L$ TO A RAPPRO*EM5T BETWE5 ,TURKEY & ,G]MANY :I*1 9 ITS TURN1 R5D]$ ! ,ANGLO-,G]MAN ANTAGONISMS MORE ACUTE4 ,! ,POTSDAM AGREEM5T RESULT$ 9 ! %>P5+ ( ! CRISIS 9 ,*9A & ! ,RUSSO-,JAPANESE AGREEM5T HAD ! SAME EFFECT4 ,!RE=E1 ON A M]E RECKON+ ) FACTS1 TO REFUSE TO REALIZE ?AT !SE FACTS GIVE RISE TO ANY?+ RA!R ?AN A MITIGATION ( ! 9T]NATIONAL CONFLICTS1 ( ANY SORT ( DISPOSITION T[>D WORLD PEACE1 IS WILLFULLY TO CLOSE ONE'S EYES4 ,9 VIEW ( ALL ?IS1 H[ IS IT POSSIBLE TO SPEAK ( T5D5CIES T[>D PEACE 9 B\RGEOIS DEVELOPM5T :I* >E SUPPOS$ TO NEUTRALIZE & OV]COME ITS T5D5CIES T[>D W>8 ,:]E9 >E !Y EXPRESS$8 ,9 ,SIR ,$W>D ,GRAY'S DECL>ATION & ?AT ( ! ,FR5* ,P>LIAM5T8 ,9 ! 0>MAM5T WE>9ESS0 ( ! B\RGEOISIE8 ,BUT ! MIDDLE & PETTY B\RGEOIS SECTIONS ( ! B\RGEOISIE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 GROAN+ AT ! BURD5 ( MILIT>ISM1 JU/ AS !Y GROAN AT ! DEVA/ATION ( FREE COMPETITION1 AT ! ECONOMIC CRISES1 AT ! LACK ( CONSCI5CE %[N 9 /OCK EX*ANGE SPECULATIONS1 AT ! T]RORISM ( ! C>TELS & TRU/S4 ,! TYRANNY ( ! TRU/ MAGNATES 9 ,AM]ICA HAS EV5 CALL$ =? A REBELLION ( BROAD MASSES ( ! PEOPLE & A WE>ISOME LEGAL PROC$URE AGA9/ ! TRU/S ON ! P>T ( ! ,/ATE AU?ORITIES4 ,DO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS 9T]PRET ?IS AS A SYMPTOM ( ! BEG9N+ ( ! LIMITATION ( TRU/ DEVELOPM5T1 OR HAVE !Y NOT RA!R A SYMPA!TIC %RUG ( ! %\LD]S = ?AT PETTY-B\RGEOIS REBELLION & A SCORNFUL SMILE = ?AT ,/ATE CAMPAIGN8 ,! 0DIALECTIC0 ( ! PEACE T5D5CY ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 :I* WAS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE CUT ACROSS ITS W> T5D5CY & TO HAVE OV]COME IT1 SIMPLY CONFIRMS ! OLD TRU? ?AT ! ROSES ( CAPITALI/ PR(IT-MAK+ & CLASS DOM9ATION ALSO HAVE ?ORNS = ! B\RGEOISIE1 :I* IT PREF]S TO WE> AS LONG AS POSSIBLE R\ND ITS SUFF]+ HEAD1 9 SPITE ( ALL PA9 & WOE1 RA!R ?AN GET RID ( IT ALONG ) ! HEAD ON ! ADVICE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS4 ,TO EXPLA9 ?IS TO ! MASSES1 RU?LESSLY TO SCATT] ALL ILLUSIONS ) REG>D TO ATTEMPTS MADE AT PEACE ON ! P>T ( ! B\RGEOISIE & TO DECL>E ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION AS ! FIR/ & ONLY /EP T[>D WORLD PEACE - ?AT IS ! TASK ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ) REG>D TO ALL DIS>MAM5T TRICK]IES1 :E!R !Y >E 9V5T$ 9 ,PET]SBURG1 ,LONDON OR ,B]L94 ,I,I ,! ,UTOPIANISM ( ! /&PO9T :I* EXPECTS AN ]A ( PEACE & RETR5*M5T ( MILIT>ISM 9 ! PRES5T SOCIAL ORD] IS PLA9LY REVEAL$ 9 ! FACT ?AT IT IS HAV+ REC\RSE TO PROJECT MAK+4 ,= IT IS TYPICAL ( ,UTOPIAN /RIV+S ?AT1 9 ORD] TO DEMON/RATE !IR PRACTICABILITY1 !Y HAT* 0PRACTICAL0 RECIPES ) ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE DETAILS4 ,TO ?IS ALSO BELONGS ! PROJECT ( ! 0,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE0 AS A BASIS = ! LIMITATION ( 9T]NATIONAL MILIT>ISM4 0,WE SUPPORT ALL EF=TS10 SAID ,COMRADE ,L$EB\R 9 HIS SPEE* 9 ! ,REI*/AG ON ,APRIL #c1 0:I* AIM AT GETT+ RID ( ! ?READB>E PRETEXTS = ! 9CESSANT W> >MAM5TS4 ,WE DEM& ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL UNION ( ! ,EUROPEAN /ATES4 ,I AM FIRMLY CONV9C$ ?AT1 :ILE IT IS C]TA9 TO COME DUR+ ! P]IOD ( ,SOCIALISM1 IT CAN ALSO COME TO PASS BE=E ?AT TIME1 ?AT WE WILL LIVE TO SEE ! ,U,N,I,T,$ ,/,A,T,E,S ,( ,E,U,R,O,P,E1 AS CONFRONT$ AT PRES5T BY ! BUS9ESS COMPETITION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA4 ,AT LEA/ WE DEM& ?AT CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 ?AT CAPITALI/ /ATESM51 9 ! 9T]E/S ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 9 ,EUROPE ITSELF1 9 ORD] ?AT ,EUROPE WILL LAT] NOT BE COMPLETELY SUBM]G$ 9 WORLD COMPETITION1 PREP>E = ?IS UNION ( ,EUROPE 9TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE40 ,& 9 ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT ( ,APRIL #b#h1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY WRITES3 444 ,= A LA/+ DURATION ( PEACE1 :I* BANI%ES ! =EV]1 !RE IS ONLY ONE WAY TO-DAY3 ! UNION ( ! /ATES ( ,EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION 9TO A LEAGUE ) A COMMON COMM]CIAL POLICY1 A LEAGUE P>LIAM5T1 A LEAGUE GOV]NM5T & A LEAGUE >MY - ! =MATION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE4 ,W]E ?IS TO SUCCE$1 !N A TREM5D\S /EP W\LD BE A*IEV$4 ,SU* A ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W\LD POSSESS SU* A SUP]IORITY ( =CES ?AT )\T ANY W> !Y C\LD COMPEL ALL ! O!R NATIONS :I* DO NOT VOLUNT>ILY JO9 !M TO LIQUIDATE !IR >MIES & GIVE UP !IR FLEETS4 ,BUT 9 ?AT CASE ALL NECESSITY = >MAM5TS = ! NEW ,UNIT$ ,/ATES !MSELVES W\LD DISAPPE>4 ,!Y W\LD BE 9 A POSITION NOT ONLY TO REL9QUI% ALL FUR!R >MAM5TS1 GIVE UP ! /&+ >MY & ALL AGGRESSIVE WEAPONS ON ! SEA1 :I* WE >E DEM&+ TO-DAY1 BUT EV5 GIVE UP ALL MEANS ( DEF5SE1 ! MILITIA SY/EM ITSELF4 ,?US ! ]A ( P]MAN5T PEACE W\LD SURELY BEG94 ,PLAUSIBLE AS ! IDEA ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE AS A PEACE >RANGEM5T MAY SEEM TO SOME AT FIR/ GLANCE1 IT HAS ON CLOS] EXAM9ATION NOT ! LEA/ ?+ 9 COMMON ) ! ME?OD ( ?\E NOT >TIFICIAL PRODUCTS ( A CREATIVE FANTASY1 LIKE1 = 9/ANCE1 ! ,DU*Y ( ,W>SAW ( ,NAPOLEONIC MEMORY1 BUT HI/ORICAL PRODUCTS ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,BUT :AT ECONOMIC F\NDATION LIES AT ! BOTTOM ( ! IDEA ( A ,EUROPEAN ,/ATE ,F$]ATION8 ,EUROPE1 IT IS TRUE1 IS A GEOGRAPHICAL &1 )9 C]TA9 LIMITS1 AN HI/ORICAL CULTURAL CONCEPTION4 ,BUT ! IDEA ( ,EUROPE AS AN ECONOMIC UNIT CONTRADICTS CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 9 TWO WAYS4 ,FIR/ ( ALL !RE EXI/ )9 ,EUROPE AMONG ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATES - & WILL SO LONG AS !SE EXI/ - ! MO/ VIOL5T /RUGGLES ( COMPETITION & ANTAGONISMS1 & SECONDLY ! ,EUROPEAN ,/ATES CAN NO LONG] GET ALONG ECONOMICALLY )\T ! NON-,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES4 ,AS SUPPLI]S ( FOOD/UFFS1 RAW MAT]IALS & W>ES1 ALSO AS CONSUM]S ( ! SAME1 ! O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD >E L9K$ 9 A ?\S& WAYS ) ,EUROPE4 ,AT ! PRES5T /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! WORLD M>KET & ( WORLD ECONOMY1 ! CONCEPTION ( ,EUROPE AS AN ISOLAT$ ECONOMIC UNIT IS A /]ILE CONCOCTION ( ! BRA94 ,EUROPE NO MORE =MS A SPECIAL UNIT )9 WORLD ECONOMY ?AN DOES ,ASIA OR ,AM]ICA4 ,& IF ! IDEA ( A ,EUROPEAN UNION 9 ! ECONOMIC S5SE HAS LONG BE5 \T/RIPP$1 ?IS IS NO LESS ! CASE 9 ! POLITICAL S5SE4 ,! TIMES :5 ! C5T] ( GRAVITY ( POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T & ! CRY/ALLIZ+ AG5T ( CAPITALI/ CONTRADICTIONS LAY ON ! ,EUROPEAN CONT95T1 >E LONG GONE BY4 ,TO-DAY ,EUROPE IS ONLY A L9K 9 ! TANGL$ *A9 ( 9T]NATIONAL CONNECTIONS & CONTRADICTIONS4 ,& :AT IS ( DECISIVE SIGNIFICANCE - ,EUROPEAN ANTAGONISMS !MSELVES NO LONG] PLAY !IR ROLE ON ! ,EUROPEAN CONT95T BUT 9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD & ON ALL ! SEAS4 ,ONLY W]E ONE SUDD5LY TO LOSE SIS WE HAVE HAD UN9T]RUPT$ PEACE4 ,?IS CONCEPTION1 :I* CONSID]S ONLY EV5TS ON ! ,EUROPEAN CONT95T1 DOES NOT NOTICE ?AT ! V]Y REASON :Y WE HAVE HAD NO W> 9 ,EUROPE = DECADES IS ! FACT ?AT 9T]NATIONAL ANTAGONISMS HAVE GR[N 9F9ITELY BEYOND ! N>R[ CONF9ES ( ! ,EUROPEAN CONT95T1 & ?AT ,EUROPEAN PROBLEMS & 9T]E/S >E N[ F\T] ( A C5TURY4 ,?AT AN IDEA SO LITTLE 9 ACCORD ) ! T5D5CY ( DEVELOPM5T CAN FUNDAM5TALLY (F] NO PROGRESSIVE SOLUTION 9 SPITE ( ALL RADICAL DISGUISES IS CONFIRM$ ALSO BY ! FATE ( ! SLOGAN ( ! 0,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE40 ,EV]Y TIME ?AT B\RGEOIS POLITICIANS HAVE *AMPION$ ! IDEA ( ,EUROPEANISM1 ( ! UNION ( ,EUROPEAN ,/ATES1 IT HAS BE5 ) AN OP5 OR CONCEAL$ PO9T DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! 0YELL[ P]IL10 ! 0D>K CONT95T10 AGA9/ ! 09F]IOR RACES10 9 %ORT1 IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 AN IMP]IALI/ ABORTION4 ,& N[ IF WE1 AS ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 W]E TO TRY TO FILL ?IS OLD SK9 ) FRE% & APP>5TLY REVOLUTION>Y W9E1 !N IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT ! ADVANTAGES W\LD NOT BE ON \R SIDE BUT ON ?AT ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,?+S HAVE !IR [N OBJECTIVE LOGIC4 ,& ! SOLUTION ( ! ,EUROPEAN UNION )9 ! CAPITALI/ SOCIAL ORD] CAN OBJECTIVELY1 9 ! ECONOMIC S5SE1 MEAN ONLY A T>IFF W> ) ,AM]ICA1 & 9 ! POLITICAL S5SE ONLY A COLONIAL RACE W>4 ,! ,*9ESE CAMPAIGN ( ! UNIT$ ,EUROPEAN REGIM5TS1 ) ! ,WORLD ,FIELD ,M>%AL ,WALD]SEE AT ! HEAD1 & ! GOSPEL ( ! ,HUN AS \R /&>D - ?AT IS ! ACTUAL & NOT ! FANTA/IC1 ! ONLY POSSIBLE EXPRESSION ( ! 0,EUROPEAN ,/ATE ,F$]ATION0 9 ! PRES5T SOCIAL ORD]4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #f1 #bba 3 ,PEACE ,UTOPIAS -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,PEACE ,UTOPIAS -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/