,PET] ,KROPOTK93 ,RECOLLECTIONS & ,CRITICISMS ( AN ,OLD ,FRI5D 

#aica 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TAGS 3 EMBRACE ! :OLE1 LAW ( NATURE1 AN>*I/ IDEAS1 SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS1 KROPOTK91 /RUGGLE1 AN>*I/S1 NATURE1 SCI5CE1 EV]Y?+4 

,QUOTES 3 
0,P,E,T,] ,K,R,O,P,O,T,K,9 ,I,S ,),\,T ,D,\,B,T ,O,N,E ,( ,?,O,S,E ,:,O HAVE CONTRIBUT$ P]HAPS MORE--P]HAPS MORE EV5 ?AN ,BAKUN9 & ,ELISEE ,RECLUS--TO ! ELABORATION & PROPAG&ATION ( AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,& HE HAS !RE=E WELL DES]V$ ! RECOGNITION & ! ADMIRATION ?AT ALL AN>*I/S FEEL = HIM40 
0444TWO PASSIONS3 ! DESIRE = KN[L$GE & ! DESIRE TO ACT = ! GOOD ( HUMANITY1 TWO NOBLE PASSIONS :I* CAN BE MUTUALLY USEFUL & :I* ONE W\LD LIKE TO SEE 9 ALL M51 )\T BE+1 = ALL ?IS1 ONE & ! SAME ?+40 
0,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT ! LAW ( ,NATURE IS ,H>MONY1 ,I SUGGE/ ONE W\LD BE 5TITL$ TO ASK :Y ,NATURE HAS WAIT$ = AN>*I/S TO BE BORN1 & GOES ON WAIT+ = !M TO TRIUMPH1 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY ! T]RIBLE & DE/RUCTIVE CONFLICTS FROM :I* MANK9D HAS ALREADY SUFF]$4  ,W\LD ONE NOT BE CLOS] TO ! TRU? 9 SAY+ ?AT AN>*Y IS ! /RUGGLE1 9 HUMAN SOCIETY1 AGA9/ ! DI%>MONIES ( ,NATURE80 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,]IC ,FIDL]1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,P,E,T,] ,K,R,O,P,O,T,K,9 ,I,S ,),\,T ,D,\,B,T ,O,N,E ,( ,?,O,S,E ,:,O HAVE CONTRIBUT$ P]HAPS MORE@&_?#a#e#a2P]HAPS MORE EV5 ?AN ,BAKUN9 & ,ELISEE ,RECLUS@&_?#a#e#a2TO ! ELABORATION & PROPAG&ATION ( AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,& HE HAS !RE=E WELL DES]V$ ! RECOGNITION & ! ADMIRATION ?AT ALL AN>*I/S FEEL = HIM4  

 ,BUT 9 HOMAGE TO ! TRU? & 9 ! GREAT] 9T]E/ ( ! CAUSE1 ONE MU/ RECOGNIZE ?AT HIS ACTIVITY HAS NOT ALL BE5 :OLLY B5EFICIAL4 ,IT WAS NOT HIS FAULT2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT WAS ! V]Y EM95CE ( HIS QUALITIES :I* GAVE RISE TO ! ILLS ,I AM PROPOS+ TO DISCUSS4  

 ,NATURALLY1 ,KROPOTK9 BE+ A MORTAL AMONG MORTALS C\LD NOT ALWAYS AVOID ]ROR & EMBRACE ! :OLE TRU?4 ,ONE %\LD HAVE !RE=E PR(IT$ BY HIS 9VALUABLE CONTRIBUTION & CONT9U$ ! SE>* :I* W\LD LEAD TO FUR!R ADVANCES4 ,BUT HIS LIT]>Y TAL5TS1 ! IMPORTANCE & VOLUME ( HIS \TPUT1 HIS 9DEFATIGABLE ACTIVITY1 ! PRE/IGE ?AT CAME TO HIM FROM HIS REPUTATION AS A GREAT SCI5TI/1 ! FACT ?AT HE HAD GIV5 UP A HI<LY PRIVILEG$ POSITION TO DEF5D1 AT ! CO/ ( SUFF]+ & DANG]1 ! POPUL> CAUSE1 & FUR!RMORE ! FASC9ATION ( HIS P]SONALITY :I* HELD ! ATT5TION ( ?OSE :O HAD ! GOOD =TUNE TO MEET HIM1 ALL MADE HIM ACQUIRE A NOTORIETY & AN 9FLU5CE SU* ?AT HE APPE>$1 & TO A GREAT EXT5T HE REALLY WAS1 ! RECOGNIZ$ MA/] = MO/ AN>*I/S4  

 ,AS A RESULT ( :I*1 CRITICISM WAS DISC\RAG$ & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! AN>*I/ IDEA WAS >RE/$4 ,= MANY YE>S1 9 SPITE ( ! 9CONCOLA/IC & PROGRESSIVE SPIRIT ( AN>*I/S1 MO/ ( !M SO F> AS !ORY & PROPAG&A W]E CONC]N$1 DID NO MORE ?AN /UDY & QUOTE ,KROPOTK94 ,TO EXPRESS ONESELF O!R ?AN ! WAY HE DID WAS CONSID]$ BY MANY COMRADES ALMO/ AS H]ESY4  

 ,IT W\LD !RE=E BE OPPORTUNE TO SUBJECT ,KROPOTK9@&_?#a#d#f2S TEA*+ TO CLOSE & CRITICAL ANALYSIS 9 ORD] TO SEP>ATE ?AT :I* IS EV] REAL & ALIVE FROM ?AT :I* WAS MORE REC5T ?\<T & EXP]I5CE WILL HAVE %[N TO BE MI/AK54 ,A MATT] :I* W\LD CONC]N NOT ONLY ,KROPOTK91 = ! ]RORS ?AT ONE CAN BLAME HIM = HAV+ COMMITT$ W]E ALREADY BE+ PR(ESS$ BY AN>*I/S BE=E ,KROPOTK9 ACQUIR$ HIS EM95T PLACE 9 ! MOVEM5T3 HE CONFIRM$ !M & MADE !M LA/ BY ADD+ ! WEI<T ( HIS TAL5T & HIS PRE/IGE2 BUT ALL US OLD MILITANTS1 OR ALMO/ ALL ( US1 HAVE \R %>E ( RESPONSIBILITY4  

 "9  "9  "9  

 ,9 WRIT+ N[ AB\T ,KROPOTK9 ,I DO NOT 9T5D TO EXAM9E HIS TEA*+S4 ,I ONLY WI% TO RECORD A FEW IMPRESSIONS & RECOLLECTIONS1 :I* MAY ,I BELIEVE1 S]VE TO MAKE BETT] KN[N HIS MORAL & 9TELLECTUAL /ATURE AS WELL AS UND]/&+ MORE CLE>LY HIS QUALITIES & HIS FAULTS4  

 ,BUT FIR/ ( ALL ,I WILL SAY A FEW WORDS :I* COME FROM ! HE>T BECAUSE ,I CANNOT ?9K ( ,KROPOTK9 )\T BE+ MOV$ BY ! RECOLLECTION ( HIS IMM5SE GOODNESS4 ,I REMEMB] :AT HE DID 9 ,G5EVA 9 ! W9T] ( #ahgi TO HELP A GR\P ( ,ITALIAN REFUGEES 9 DIRE /RAITS1 AMONG !M MYSELF2 ,I REMEMB] ! SMALL ATT5TIONS1 ,I W\LD CALL MAT]NAL1 :I* HE BE/[$ ON ME :5 ONE NI<T 9 ,LONDON HAV+ BE5 ! VICTIM ( AN ACCID5T ,I W5T & KNOCK$ ON HIS DOOR2 ,I RECALL ! 9NUM]ABLE K9D ACTIONS T[>DS ALL SORTS ( PEOPLE2 ,I REMEMB] ! CORDIAL ATMOSPH]E ) :I* HE WAS SURR\ND$4 ,BECAUSE HE WAS A REALLY GOOD P]SON1 ( ?AT GOODNESS :I* IS ALMO/ UNCONSCI\S & NE$S TO RELIVE ALL SUFF]+ & BE SURR\ND$ BY SMILES & HAPP9ESS4 ,ONE W\LD HAVE 9 FACT SAID ?AT HE WAS GOOD )\T KN[+ IT2 9 ANY CASE HE DIDN@&_?#a#d#f2T LIKE ONE SAY+ SO1 & HE WAS (F5D$ :5 ,I WROTE 9 AN >TICLE ON ! OCCASION ( HIS #g? BIR?DAY ?AT HIS GOODNESS WAS ! FIR/ ( HIS QUALITIES4 ,HE W\LD RA!R BOA/ ( HIS 5]GY & C\RAGE@&_?#a#e#a2P]HAPS BECAUSE !SE LATT] QUALITIES HAD BE5 DEVELOP$ 91 & =1 ! /RUGGLE1 :]EAS GOODNESS WAS ! SPONTANE\S EXPRESSION ( HIS 9TIMATE NATURE4  

 "9  "9  "9  

 ,I HAD ! HONOR & GOOD =TUNE ( BE+ = MANY YE>S L9K$ TO ,KROPOTK9 BY ! W>ME/ FRI5D%IP4  

 ,WE LOV$ EA* O!R BECAUSE WE W]E 9SPIR$ BY ! SAME PASSION1 BY ! SAME HOPES@&_?#a#c#c2& ALSO BY ! SAME ILLUSIONS4  

 ,BO? ( US W]E OPTIMI/IC BY TEMP]AM5T 7,I BELIEVE NEV]!LESS ?AT ,KROPOTK9@&_?#a#d#f2S OPTIMISM SURPASS$ M9E BY A LONG *ALK & POSSIBLY SPRUNG FROM A DIFF]5T S\RCE7 & WE SAW ?+S ) ROSE T9T$ SPECTACLES@&_?#a#e#a2ALAS6 ,EV]Y?+ WAS TOO ROSY@&_?#a#e#a2WE !N HOP$1 & IT IS MORE ?AN FIFTY YE>S AGO1 9 A REVOLUTION TO BE MADE 9 ! IMM$IATE FUTURE :I* WAS TO HAVE U%]$ 9 \R IDEAL SOCIETY4 ,DUR+ !SE LONG YE>S !RE W]E C]TA9LY P]IODS ( D\BT & DISC\RAGEM5T4 ,I REMEMB] ,KROPOTK9 ONCE TELL+ ME3  ,MY DE> ,]RICO1 ,I FE> WE >E ALONE1 Y\ & ,I1 9 BELIEV+ A REVOLUTION TO BE NE> AT H&@&_?#a#d#h24 ,BUT !Y W]E PASS+ MOODS2 V]Y SOON CONFID5CE RETURN$2 WE EXPLA9$ AWAY ! EXI/+ DIFFICULTIES & ! SKEPTICISM ( ! COMRADES & W5T ON WORK+ & HOP+4  

 ,NEV]!LESS IT MU/ NOT BE IMAG9$ ?AT ON ALL QUE/IONS WE %>$ ! SAME VIEWS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ON MANY FUNDAM5TALS WE W]E F> FROM BE+ 9 AGREEM5T1 & ALMO/ EV]Y TIME WE MET WE W\LD HAVE NOISY & HEAT$ DISCUSSIONS2 BUT AS ,KROPOTK9 ALWAYS FELT SURE ?AT RI<T WAS ON HIS SIDE1 & C\LD NOT CALMLY SUFF] TO BE CONTRADICT$1 & ,J1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAD GREAT RESPECT = HIS ]UDITION & DEEP CONC]N = HIS UNC]TA9 HEAL?1 !SE DISCUSSIONS ALWAYS 5D$ BY *ANG+ ! SUBJECT TO AVOID UNDUE EXCITEM5T4  

 ,BUT ?IS DID NOT 9 ANY WAY H>M ! 9TIMACY ( \R RELATION%IP1 BECAUSE WE LOV$ EA* O!R & BECAUSE WE COLLABORAT$ = S5TIM5TAL RA!R ?AN 9TELLECTUAL REASONS4 ,:ATEV] MAY HAVE BE5 \R DIFF]5CES ( 9T]PRETATION ( ! FACTS1 ( ! >GUM5TS BY :I* WE JU/IFI$ \T ACTIONS1 9 PRACTICE WE WANT$ ! SAME ?+S & W]E MOTIVAT$ BY ! SAME 9T5SE FEEL+ = FRE$OM1 JU/ICE & ! BE+ ( ALL MANK9D4 ,WE C\LD !RE=E GET ON TOGE!R4  

 ,& 9 FACT !RE WAS NEV] S]I\S DISAGREEM5T BETWE5 US UNTIL ?AT DAY 9 #aiad :5 WE W]E FAC$ ) A QUE/ION ( PRACTICAL CONDUCT ( CAPITAL IMPORTANCE TO BO? ( US3 ?AT ( ! ATTITUDE TO BE ADOPT$ BY AN>*I/S TO ! ,W>4 ,ON ?AT OCCASION ,KROPOTK9@&_?#a#d#f2S OLD PREF]5CES = ALL ?AT :I* IS ,RUSSIAN & ,FR5* W]E REAWAK5$ & EXAC]BAT$ 9 HIM1 & HE DECL>$ HIMSELF AN 5?USIA/IC SUPPORT] ( ! ,5T5TE4 ,HE SEEM$ TO =GET ?AT HE WAS AN ,9T]NATIONALI/1 A SOCIALI/ & AN AN>*I/2 HE =GOT :AT HE HIMSELF HAD WRITT5 ONLY A %ORT TIME BE=E AB\T ! W> ?AT ! ,CAPITALI/S W]E PREP>+1 & BEGAN EXPRESS+ ADMIRATION = ! WOR/ ,ALLI$ /ATESM5 & ,G5]ALS1 & AT ! SAME TIME TREAT$ AS C[>DS ! AN>*I/S :O REFUS$ TO JO9 ! ,UNION ,SACRE1 REGRETT+ ?AT HIS AGE & HIS POOR HEAL? PREV5T$ HIM FROM TAK+ UP RIFLE & M>*+ AGA9/ ! ,G]MANS4 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE !RE=E TO SEE EYE TO EYE3 = ME HE WAS A TRULY PA?OLOGICAL CASE4 ,ALL ! SAME IT WAS ONE ( ! SADDE/1 MO/ PA9FUL MOM5TS ( MY LIFE 7&1 ,I D>E TO SUGGE/1 = HIM TOO7 :51 AFT] A MORE ?AN ACRIMONI\S DISCUSSION1 WE P>T$ LIKE ADV]S>IES1 ALMO/ AS 5EMIES4  

 ,GREAT WAS MY SORR[ AT ! LOSS ( ! FRI5D & = ! H>M DONE TO ! CAUSE AS A RESULT F ! CONFUSION ?AT W\LD BE CREAT$ AMONG ! COMRADES BY HIS DEFECTION4 ,BUT 9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+ ! LOVE & E/EEM :I* ,I FELT = ! MAN W]E UNIMPAIR$1 JU/ AS ! HOPE ?AT ONCE ! MOM5T ( EUPHORIA HAD PASS$ & !IR PROP] P]SPECTIVE1 HE W\LD ADMIT HIS MI/AKE & RETURN TO ! MOVEM5T1 ! ,KROPOTK9 ( OLD4  

 "9  "9  "9  

 ,KROPOTK9 WAS AT ! SAME TIME A SCI5TI/ & A SOCIAL RE=M]4 ,HE WAS 9SPIR$ BY TWO PASSIONS3 ! DESIRE = KN[L$GE & ! DESIRE TO ACT = ! GOOD ( HUMANITY1 TWO NOBLE PASSIONS :I* CAN BE MUTUALLY USEFUL & :I* ONE W\LD LIKE TO SEE 9 ALL M51 )\T BE+1 = ALL ?IS1 ONE & ! SAME ?+4 ,BUT ,KROPOTK9 WAS AN EM95TLY SY/EMATIC P]SONALITY & HE WANT$ TO EXPLA9 EV]Y?+ ) ONE PR9CIPLE1 & R$UCE EV]Y?+ TO UNITY & (T51 DID SO1 9 MY OP9ION1 AT ! EXP5SE ( LOGIC4  

 ,?US HE US$ SCI5CE TO SUPPORT HIS SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS1 BECAUSE 9 HIS OP9ION1 !Y W]E SIMPLY RIGOR\S SCI5TIFIC D$UCTIONS4  

 ,I HAVE NO SPECIAL COMPET5CE TO JUDGE ,KROPOTK9 AS A SCI5TI/4 ,I KN[ ?AT HE HAD 9 HIS E>LY Y\? R5D]$ NOTABLE S]VICE TO GEOGRAPHY & GEOLOGY1 & ,I APPRECIATE ! GREAT IMPORTANCE ( HIS BOOK ON ,MUTUAL ,AID1 & ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT ) HIS VA/ CULTURE & NOBLE 9TELLIG5CE1 C\LD HAVE MADE A GREAT] CONTRIBUTION TO ! ADVANCEM5T ( ! SCI5CES HAD HIS ?\<TS & ACTIVITY NOT BE5 ABSORB$ 9 ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE4 ,NEV]!LESS IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT HE LACK$ ?AT SOME?+ :I* GOES TO MAKE A TRUE MAN ( SCI5CE2 ! CAPACITY TO =GET ONE@&_?#a#d#f2S ASPIRATIONS & PRECONCEPTIONS & OBS]VE FACTS ) COLD OBJECTIVITY4 ,HE SEEM$ TO BE TO BE :AT ,I W\LD GLADLY CALL1 A POET ( SCI5CE4 ,BY AN ORIG9AL 9TUITION1 HE MI<T HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 =ESEE+ NEW TRU?S1 BUT !SE TRU?S W\LD HAVE NE$$ TO BE V]IFI$ BY O!RS ) LESS1 OR NO IMAG9ATION1 BUT :O W]E BETT] EQUIPP$ ) :AT IS CALL$ ! SCI5TIFIC SPIRIT4 ,KROPOTK9 WAS TOO PASSIONATE TO BE AN ACCURATE OBS]V]4  

 ,HIS NORMAL PROC$URE WAS TO />T ) A HYPO!SIS & !N LOOK = ! FACTS ?AT W\LD CONFIRM IT@&_?#a#e#a2:I* MAY BE A GOOD ME?OD = DISCOV]+ NEW ?+S2 BUT :AT HAPP5$1 & QUITE UN9T5TIONALLY1 WAS ?AT HE DID NOT SEE ! ONES :I* 9VALIDAT$ HIS HYPO!SIS4  

 ,HE C\LD NOT BR+ HIMSELF TO ADMIT A FACT1 & (T5 NOT EV5 CONSID] IT1 IF HE HAD NOT FIR/ MANAG$ TO EXPLA9 IT1 ?AT IS TO FIT IT 9TO HIS SY/EM4  

 ,AS AN EXAMPLE ,I WILL REC\NT AN EPISODE 9 :I* ,I PLAY$ A P>T4  

 ,:5 ,I WAS 9 ! ,>G5T9EAN ,PAMPAS 79 ! YE>S #ahhe TO #a#h#h#i71 ,I HAPP5$ TO READ SOME?+ AB\T ! EXP]IM5TS 9 HYPNOSIS BY ! ,S*OOL ( ,NANCY1 :I* WAS NEW TO ME4 ,I WAS V]Y 9T]E/$ 9 ! SUBJECT BUT HAD NO OPPORTUNITY AT ! TIME TO F9D \T MORE4 ,:5 ,I WAS BACK AGA9 9 ,EUROPE ,I SAW ,KROPOTK9 9 ,LONDON1 & ASK$ HIM IF HE C\LD GIVE ME SOME 9=MATION ON HYPNOSIS4 ,KROPOTK9 FLATLY D5I$ ?AT !RE WAS ANY TRU? 9 IT2 ?AT IT WAS EI!R ALL A FAKE OR A QUE/ION ( HALLUC9ATIONS4 ,SOME TIME LAT] ,I SAW HIM AGA91 & ! CONV]SATION TURN$ ONCE MORE ONTO ! SUBJECT4 ,TO MY GREAT SURPRISE ,I F\ND ?AT HIS OP9ION HAD COMPLETELY *ANG$2 HYPNOTIC PH5OM5A HAD BECOME A SUBJECT ( 9T]E/ DES]V+ TO BE /UDI$4 ,:AT HAD HAPP5$ !N8 ,HAD HE LE>N$ NEW FACTS OR HAD HE HAD CONV9C+ PRO(S ( ?OSE HE HAD PREVI\SLY D5I$8 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,HE HAD1 QUITE SIMPLY1 READ 9 A BOOK1 BY ,I DON@&_?#a#d#f2T KN[ :I* ,G]MAN PHYSIOLOGI/1 A !ORY 9 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! TWO HEMISPH]ES ( ! BRA9 :I* C\LD S]VE TO EXPLA91 WELL OR BADLY1 ! PH5OM5A ( HYPNOSIS4  

 ,9 VIEW ( ?IS M5TAL PR$ISPOSITION :I* ALL[$ HIM TO ACCOMMODATE ?+S TO SUIT HIMSELF 9 QUE/IONS ( PURE SCI5CE1 9 :I* !RE >E NO REASONS :Y PASSION %\LD OBFUSCATE ! 9TELLECT1 ONE C\LD =ESEE :AT W\LD HAPP5 OV] ?OSE QUE/IONS :I* 9TIMATELY CONC]N$ HIS DEEPE/ WI%ES & HIS MO/ *]I%$ HOPES4  

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 ,KROPOTK9 ADH]$ TO ! MAT]IALI/ PHILOSOPHY ?AT PREVAIL$ AMONG SCI5TI/S 9 ! SECOND HALF ( ! #a#i? C5TURY1 ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,MOLES*OTT1 ,BU*N]1 ,VOGT & O!RS2 & CONSEQU5TLY HIS CONCEPT ( ! ,UNIV]SE WAS RIGOR\SLY ME*ANI/IC4  

 ,ACCORD+ TO HIS SY/EM1 ,WILL 7A CREATIVE P[] :OSE S\RCE & NATURE WE CANNOT COMPREH5D1 JU/ AS1 LIKEWISE1 WE DO NOT UND]/& ! NATURE & S\RCE ( @&_?#a#d#g2MATT]@&_?#a#d#h2 OR ( ANY ( ! O!R @&_?#a#d#g2FIR/ PR9CIPLES@&_?#a#d#h27@&_?#a#e#a2,I WAS SAY+1 ,WILL :I* CONTRIBUT$ MU* OR LITTLE 9 DET]M9+ ! CONDUCT ( 9DIVIDUALS@&_?#a#e#a2& ( SOCIETY1 DOES NOT EXI/ & IS A M]E ILLUSION4 ,ALL ?AT HAS BE51 ?AT IS & WILL BE1 FROM ! PA? ( ! />S TO ! BIR? & DECL9E ( A CIVILIZATION1 FROM ! P]FUME ( A ROSE TO ! SMILE ON A MO!R@&_?#a#d#f2S LIPS1 FROM AN E>?QUAKE TO ! ?\<TS ( A ,NEWTON1 FROM A TYRANT@&_?#a#d#f2S CRUELTY TO A SA9T@&_?#a#d#f2S GOODNESS1 EV]Y?+ HAD TO1 MU/1 & WILL OCCUR AS A RESULT ( AN 9EVITABLE SEQU5CE ( CAUSES & EFFECTS ( ME*ANICAL ORIG91 :I* LEAVES NO POSSIBILITY ( V>IETY4 ,! ILLUSION ( ,WILL IS ITSELF A ME*ANICAL FACT4  

 ,NATURALLY IF ,WILL HAS NO P[]1 IF EV]Y?+ IS NECESS>Y & CANNOT BE O!RWISE1 !N IDEAS ( FRE$OM1 JU/ICE & RESPONSIBILITY HAVE NO MEAN+1 & HAVE NO BE>+ ON REALITY4  

 ,?US LOGICALLY ALL WE CAN DO IS TO CONTEMPLATE :AT IS HAPP5+ 9 ! WORLD1 ) 9DIFF]5CE1 PLEASURE OR PA91 DEP5D+ ON ONE@&_?#a#d#f2S P]SONAL FEEL+S1 )\T HOPE & )\T ! POSSIBILITY ( *ANG+ ANY?+4  

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 ,SO ,KROPOTK91 :O WAS V]Y CRITICAL ( ! FATALISM ( ! ,M>XI/S1 WAS1 HIMSELF ! VICTIM ( ME*ANI/IC FATALISM :I* IS F> MORE 9HIBIT+4  

 ,BUT PHILOSOPHY C\LD NOT KILL ! P[]FUL ,WILL ?AT WAS 9 ,KROPOTK94 ,HE WAS TOO /RONGLY CONV9C$ ( ! TRU? ( HIS SY/EM TO AB&ON IT OR /& BY PASSIVELY :ILE O!RS CA/ D\BT ON IT2 HE WAS TOO PASSIONATE1 & TOO DESIR\S ( LIB]TY & JU/ICE TO BE HALT$ BY ! DIFFICULTY ( A LOGICAL CONTRADICTION1 & GIVE UP ! /RUGGLE4 ,HE GOT R\ND ! DILEMMA BY 9TRODUC+ AN>*ISM 9TO HIS SY/EM & MAK+ IT 9TO A SCI5TIFIC TRU?4  

 ,HE W\LD SEEK CONFIRMATION = HIS VIEW BY MA9TA9+ ?AT ALL REC5T DISCOV]IES 9 ALL ! SCI5CES1 FROM A/RONOMY RI<T ?R\< TO BIOLOGY & SOCIOLOGY CO9CID$ 9 DEMON/RAT+ ALWAYS MORE CLE>LY ?AT AN>*Y IS ! =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION :I* IS IMPOS$ BY NATURAL LAWS4  

 ,ONE C\LD HAVE PO9T$ \T ?AT :ATEV] >E ! CONCLUSIONS ?AT CAN BE DRAWN FROM CONTEMPOR>Y SCI5CE1 IT WAS A FACT ?AT IF NEW DISCOV]IES W]E TO DE/ROY PRES5T SCI5TIFIC BELIEFS1 HE W\LD HAVE REMA9$ AN AN>*I/ 9 SPITE ( SCI5CE1 JU/ AS HE WAS AN AN>*I/ 9 SPITE ( LOGIC4 ,BUT ,KROPOTK9 W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ABLE TO ADMIT ! POSSIBILITY ( A CONFLICT BETWE5 SCI5CE & HIS SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS & W\LD HAVE ALWAYS ?\<T UP A MEANS1 NO MATT] :E!R IT WAS LOGICAL OR NOT1 TO RECONCILE HIS ME*ANI/IC PHILOSOPHY ) HIS AN>*ISM4  

 ,?US1 AFT] HAV+ SAID ?AT @&_?#a#d#g2AN>*Y IS A CONCEPT ( ! ,UNIV]SE BAS$ ON ! ME*ANICAL 9T]PRETATION ( PH5OM5A :I* EMBRACE ! :OLE ( NATURE 9CLUD+ ! LIFE ( SOCIETIES@&_?#a#d#h2 7,I CONFESS ,I HAVE NEV] SUCCE$$ 9 UND]/&+ :AT ?IS MI<T MEAN7 ,KROPOTK9 W\LD =GET HIS ME*ANI/IC CONCEPT AS A MATT] ( NO IMPORTANCE1 & ?R[ HIMSELF 9TO ! /RUGGLE ) ! FIRE1 5?USIASM & CONFID5CE ( ONE :O BELIEVES 9 ! EFFICACY ( HIS ,WILL & :O HOPES BY HIS ACTIVITY TO OBTA9 OR CONTRIBUTE TO ! A*IEVEM5T ( ! ?+S HE WANTS4  

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 ,9 PO9T ( FACT ,KROPOTK9@&_?#a#d#f2S AN>*ISM & COMMUNISM W]E MU* MORE ! CONSEQU5CE ( HIS S5SIBILITY ?AN ( REASON4 ,9 HIM ! HE>T SPOKE FIR/ & !N REASON FOLL[$ TO JU/IFY & RE9=CE ! IMPULSES ( ! HE>T4  

 ,:AT CON/ITUT$ ! TRUE ESS5CE ( HIS *>ACT] WAS HIS LOVE ( MANK9D1 ! SYMPA?Y HE HAD = ! POOR & ! OPPRESS$4 ,HE TRULY SUFF]$ = O!RS1 & F\ND 9JU/ICE 9TOL]ABLE EV5 IF IT OP]AT$ 9 HIS FAVOR4  

 ,AT ! TIME :5 ,I FREQU5T$ HIM 9 ,LONDON1 HE E>N$ HIS LIV+ BY COLLABORAT+ TO SCI5TIFIC MAGAZ9ES & O!R PUBLICATIONS1 & LIV$ 9 RELATIVELY COM=TABLE CIRCUM/ANCES2 BUT HE FELT A K9D ( REMORSE AT BE+ BETT] (F ?AN MO/ MANUAL WORK]S & ALWAYS SEEM$ TO WANT TO EXCUSE HIMSELF = ! SMALL COM=TS HE C\LD AF=D4 ,HE (T5 SAID1 :5 SPEAK+ ( HIMSELF & ( ?OSE 9 SIMIL> CIRCUM/ANCES3 @&_?#a#d#g2,IF WE HAVE BE5 ABLE TO $UCATE \RSELVES & DEVELOP \R FACULTIES2 IF WE HAVE ACCESS TO 9TELLECTUAL SATISFACTIONS & LIVE 9 NOT TOO BAD MAT]IAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 IT IS BECAUSE WE HAVE B5EFIT$1 ?R\< & ACCID5T ( REBIR?1 BY ! EXPLOITATION TO :I* ! WORK]S >E SUBJECT$2 & !RE=E ! /RUGGLE = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S IS A DUTY1 A DEBT :I* WE MU/ REPAY4@&_?#a#d#h2  

 ,IT WAS = HIS LOVE ( JU/ICE1 & AS IF BY WAY ( EXPIAT+ ! PRIVILEGES ?AT HE HAD 5JOY$1 ?AT HE HAD GIV5 UP HIS POSITION1 NEGLECT$ HIS /UDIES HE SO 5JOY$1 TO DEVOTE HIMSELF TO ! $UCATION ( ! WORK]S ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG & ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! DESPOTISM ( ! ,CZ>S4 ,URG$ ON BY !SE SAME FEEL+S HE HAD SUBSEQU5TLY JO9$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL & ACCEPT$ AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,F9ALLY1 AMONG ! DIFF]5T 9T]PRETATIONS ( AN>*ISM HE *OSE & MADE HIS [N ! COMMUNI/-AN>*I/ PROGRAM :I*1 BE+ BAS$ ON SOLID>ITY & ON LOVE1 GOES BEYOND JU/ICE ITSELF4  

 ,BUT AS WAS OBVI\SLY =ESEEABLE1 HIS PHILOSOPHY WAS NOT )\T 9FLU5CE ON ! WAY HE CONCEIV$ ! FUTURE & ON ! =M ! /RUGGLE = ITS A*IEVEM5T %\LD TAKE4  

 ,S9CE1 ACCORD+ TO HIS PHILOSOPHY ?AT :I* OCCURS MU/ NECESS>ILY OCCUR1 SO ALSO ! COMMUNI/-AN>*ISM HE DESIR$1 MU/ 9EVITABLY TRIUMPH AS IF BY A LAW ( ,NATURE4  

 ,& ?IS FRE$ HIM FROM ANY D\BT & REMOV$ ALL DIFFICULTIES FROM HIS PA?4 ,! B\RGEOIS WORLD WAS DE/9$ TO CRUMBLE2 IT WAS ALREADY BREAK+ UP & REVOLUTION>Y ACTION ONLY S]V$ TO HA/5 ! PROCESS4  

 ,HIS IMM5SE 9FLU5CE AS A PROPAG&I/ AS WELL AS /EMM+ FROM HIS GREAT TAL5TS1 RE/$ ON ! FACT ?AT HE %[$ ?+S TO BE SO SIMPLE1 SO EASY1 SO 9EVITABLE1 ?AT ?OSE :O HE>D HIM SPEAK OR READ HIS >TICLES W]E IMM$IATELY FIR$ ) 5?USIASM4  

 ,MORAL PROBLEMS VANI%$ BECAUSE HE ATTRIBUT$ TO ! @&_?#a#d#g2PEOPLE@&_?#a#d#h21 ! WORK+ MASSES1 GREAT ABILITIES & ALL ! VIRTUES4 ,) REASON HE PRAIS$ ! MORAL 9FLU5CE ( WORK1 BUT DID NOT SUFFICI5TLY CLE>LY SEE ! DEPRESS+ & CORRUPT+ EFFECTS ( MIS]Y & SUBJECTION4 ,& HE ?\<T ?AT IT W\LD BE SUFFICI5T TO ABOLI% ! CAPITALI/S@&_?#a#d#f2 PRIVILEGES & ! RUL]S@&_?#a#d#f2 P[] = ALL M5 IMM$IATELY TO />T LOV+ EA* O!R AS BRO!RS & TO C>E = ! 9T]E/S ( O!RS AS !Y W\LD = !IR [N4  

 ,9 ! SAME WAY HE DID NOT SEE ! MAT]IAL DIFFICULTIES1 OR HE EASILY DISMISS$ !M4  ,HE HAD ACCEPT$ ! IDEA1 WIDELY HELD AMONG ! AN>*I/S AT ! TIME1 ?AT ! ACCUMULAT$ /OCKS ( FOOD & MANUFACTUR$ GOODS1 W]E SO ABUNDANT ?AT = A LONG TIME TO COME IT W\LD NOT BE NECESS>Y TO WORRY AB\T PRODUCTION2 & HE ALWAYS DECL>$ ?AT ! IMM$IATE PROBLEM WAS ONE ( CONSUMPTION1 ?AT = ! TRIUMPH ( ! REVOLUTION IT WAS NECESS>Y TO SATISFY ! NE$S ( EV]YONE IMM$IATELY AS WELL AS ABUNDANTLY1 & ?AT PRODUCTION W\LD FOLL[ ! RHY?M ( CONSUMPTION4 ,FROM ?IS IDEA CAME ?AT ( @&_?#a#d#g2TAK+ FROM ! /OREH\SES@&_?#a#d#h2 7@&_?#a#d#g2PRESANEL MUC*IO@&_?#a#d#h271 :I* HE POLUL>IS$ & :I* IS C]TA9LY ! SIMPLE/ WAY ( CONCEIV+ COMMUNISM & ! MO/ LIKELY TO PLEASE ! MASSES1 BUT :I* IS ALSO ! MO/ PRIMITIVE1 AS WELL AS TRULY UTOPIAN1 WAY4 ,& :5 HE WAS MADE TO OBS]VE ?AT ?IS ACCUMULATION ( PRODUCTS C\LD NOT POSSIBLY EXI/1 BECAUSE ! BOSSES NORMALLY ALL[ = ! PRODUCTION ( :AT !Y CAN SELL AT A PR(IT1 & ?AT POSSIBLY AT ! BEG9N+ ( A REVOLUTION IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO ORGANIZE A SY/EM ( RATION+1 & PRESS = AN 9T5SIFICATION ( PRODUCTION RA!R ?AN CALL UPON TO HELP !MSELVES FROM A /OREH\SE :I* 9 ! EV5T W\LD BE NONEXI/5T1 ,KROPOTK9 SET AB\T /UDY+ ! PROBLEM AT FIR/ H& & >RIV$ AT ! CONCLUSION ?AT 9 FACT SU* ABUNDANCE DID NOT EXI/ & ?AT SOME C\NTRIES W]E CONT9UALLY ?REAT5$ BY %ORTAGES4 ,BUT HE RECOV]$ BY ?9K+ ( ! GREAT POT5TIALITIES ( AGRICULTURE AID$ BY SCI5CE4 ,HE TOOK AS EXAMPLES ! RESULTS OBTA9$ BY A FEW CULTIVATORS & GIFT$ AGRONOMI/S OV] LIMIT$ >EAS & DREW ! MO/ 5C\RAG+ CONCLUSIONS1 )\T ?9K+ ( ! DIFFICULTIES ?AT W\LD BE PUT 9 ! WAY BY ! IGNORANCE & AV]SION ( PEASANTS TO :AT IS *ANGE1 & 9 ANY CASE TO ! TIME ?AT W\LD BE NE$$ TO A*IEVE G5]AL ACCEPTANCE ( ! NEW =MS ( CULTIVATION & ( DI/RIBUTION4  

 ,AS ALWAYS1 ,KROPOTK9 SAW ?+S AS HE W\LD HAVE WI%$ !M TO BE & AS WE ALL HOPE !Y WILL BE ONE DAY2 HE CONSID]$ AS EXI/+ OR IMM$IATELY REALIZABLE ?AT :I* MU/ BE WON ?R\< LONG & BITT] /RUGGLE4  

 "9  "9  "9  

 ,AT BOTTOM ,KROPOTK9 CONCEIV$ NATURE AS A K9D ( ,PROVID5CE1 ?ANKS TO :I* !RE HAD TO BE H>MONY 9 ALL ?+S1 9CLUD+ HUMAN SOCIETIES4  

 ,& ?IS HAS L$ MANY AN>*I/S TO REPEAT ?AT @&_?#a#d#g2,AN>*Y IS ,NATURAL ,ORD]@&_?#a#d#h21 A PHRASE ) AN EXQUISITE KROPOTK9IAN FLAVOR4  

 ,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT ! LAW ( ,NATURE IS ,H>MONY1 ,I SUGGE/ ONE W\LD BE 5TITL$ TO ASK :Y ,NATURE HAS WAIT$ = AN>*I/S TO BE BORN1 & GOES ON WAIT+ = !M TO TRIUMPH1 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY ! T]RIBLE & DE/RUCTIVE CONFLICTS FROM :I* MANK9D HAS ALREADY SUFF]$4  

 ,W\LD ONE NOT BE CLOS] TO ! TRU? 9 SAY+ ?AT AN>*Y IS ! /RUGGLE1 9 HUMAN SOCIETY1 AGA9/ ! DI%>MONIES ( ,NATURE8  

 "9  "9  "9  

 ,I HAVE /RESS$ ! TWO ]RORS :I*1 9 MY OP9ION1 ,KROPOTK9 COMMITT$@&_?#a#e#a2HIS !ORY ( FATALISM & HIS EXCESSIVE OPTIMISM1 BECAUSE ,I BELIEVE ,I HAVE OBS]V$ ! H>MFUL RESULTS !Y HAVE PRODUC$ ON \R MOVEM5T4  

 ,!RE W]E COMRADES :O TOOK ! FATALI/ !ORY@&_?#a#e#a2:I* !Y EUPHEMI/ICALLY REF]R$ TO AS DET]M9ISM@&_?#a#e#a2S]I\SLY & AS A RESULT LO/ ALL REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT4 ,! REVOLUTION1 !Y SAID1 IS NOT MADE2 IT WILL COME :5 ! TIME IS RIPE = IT1 & IT IS USELESS1 UNSCI5TIFIC & EV5 RIDICUL\S TO TRY TO PROVOKE IT4 ,& >M$ ) SU* S\ND REASONS1 !Y )DREW FROM ! MOVEM5T & W5T AB\T !IR [N BUS9ESS4 ,BUT IT W\LD BE WRONG TO BELIEVE ?AT ?IS WAS A CONV5I5T EXCUSE TO )DRAW FROM ! /RUGGLE4 ,I HAVE KN[N MANY COMRADES ( GREAT C\RAGE & WOR?1 :O HAVE EXPOS$ !MSELVES TO GREAT DANG]S & :O HAVE SACRIFIC$ !IR FRE$OM & EV5 !IR LIVES 9 ! NAME ( AN>*Y :ILE BE+ CONV9C$ ( ! USELESSNESS ( !IR ACTIONS4 ,!Y HAVE ACT$ \T ( DISGU/ = PRES5T SOCIETY1 9 A SPIRIT ( REV5GE1 \T ( DESP]ATION1 OR ! LOVE ( ! GR& GE/URE1 BUT )\T ?9K+ !REBY ( S]V+ ! CAUSE ( REVOLUTION1 & CONSEQU5TLY )\T SELECT+ ! T>GET & ! OPPORTUNE MOM5T1 OR )\T BO!R+ TO COORD9ATE !IR ACTION ) ?AT ( O!RS4  

 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ?OSE :O )\T TR\BL+ !MSELVES ) PHILOSOPHY HAVE WANT$ TO WORK T[>DS1 & =1 ! REVOLUTION1 HAVE IMAG9$ ! PROBLEMS AS MU* SIMPL] ?AN !Y >E 9 REALITY1 DID NOT =ESEE ! DIFFICULTIES1 & PREP>E = !M@&_?#a#c#c2& BECAUSE ( ?IS WE HAVE F\ND \RSELVES IMPOT5T EV5 :5 !RE WAS P]HAPS A *ANCE ( EFFECTIVE ACTION4  

 ,MAY ! ]RORS ( ! PA/ S]VE TO TEA* US TO DO BETT] 9 ! FUTURE4  

 "9  "9  "9  

 ,I HAVE SAID :AT ,I HAD TO SAY4  

 ,I DO NOT ?9K MY /RICTURES ON HIM CAN DIM9I% ,KROPOTK91 ! P]SON1 :O REMA9S1 9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+ ONE ( ! %9+ LI<TS ( \R MOVEM5T4  

 ,IF !Y >E JU/1 !Y WILL S]VE TO %[ ?AT NO MAN IS FREE FROM ]ROR1 NOT EV5 :5 HE IS GIFT$ ) ! GREAT 9TELLIG5CE & ! G5]\S HE>T ( A ,KROPOTK94  

 ,9 ANY CASE AN>*I/S WILL ALWAYS F9D 9 HIS WRIT+S A TREASURY ( F]TILE IDEAS & 9 HIS LIFE AN EXAMPLE & AN 9C5TIVE 9 ! /RUGGLE = ALL ?AT IS GOOD4  

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #a#e1 #aica 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK93 ,RECOLLECTIONS & ,CRITICISMS ( AN ,OLD ,FRI5D -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#b1 #bag 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK93 ,RECOLLECTIONS & ,CRITICISMS ( AN ,OLD ,FRI5D -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK93 ,RECOLLECTIONS & ,CRITICISMS ( AN ,OLD ,FRI5D -- ,UPDAT$4 

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