,P9O*ET 
,DEAD AT LA/ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,= LOV]S ( FRE$OM1 #bf HAS BE5 A GOOD YE> ) ,P4,W4 ,BO?A1 ,MILTON ,FRI$MAN & N[ ,G5]AL ,P9O*ET %UFFL+ (F ?IS MORTAL COIL4 ,P9O*ET WAS ! HEAD ( ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP :I* OV]?REW 7) ! AID & BACK+ ( ! ,C,I,A7 ! DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT$ ,*ILEAN GOV]NM5T ( ,M>XI/ ,SALVADOR ,ALL5DE ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#a?1 #a#i#g#c4 ,(FICIALLY1HIS TROOPS KILL$ OR DISAPPE>$ OV] #c1 PEOPLE 7ACCORD+ TO ,HUMAN ,RI<TS & ,*UR* GR\PS1 IT IS OV] #a174 ,?\S&S W]E TORTUR$ & T5S ( ?\S&S W5T 9TO EXILE4 

,! /&>D DEF5SE ( ! REGIME WAS ?AT IT /OPP$ ,*ILI BECOM+ A SOCIALI/ /ATE4 ,DID ,P9O*ET /OP ,*ILI SLID+ 9TO 0,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP08 ,NO1 BUT HE DID /OP ! ,*ILEAN WORK+ CLASS FROM ITS ATTEMPTS TO EXP& LIB]TY BY TAK+ OV] !IR WORKPLACES1 L& & COMMUNITIES4 ,AS ! ,SITUATIONI/ GR\P ,PO9T,BLANK6 NOT$1 0,ALL5DE WAS OV]?R[N1 NOT BECAUSE ( HIS RE=MS1 BUT BECAUSE HE WAS UNABLE TO CONTROL ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T :I* SPONTANE\SLY DEVELOP$ AT ! BASE ( ! ,U,P40 70,/RANGE ,DEFEAT3 ,! ,*ILEAN ,REVOLUTION1#a#i#g#c07 

,:AT WAS %OCK+ = MANY ON ! LIB]AL & LABORITE LEFT WAS ?AT ,*ILI HAD ,S\? ,AM]ICA'S /RONGE/ DEMOCRATIC TRADITIONS4 ,IF IT C\LD HAPP5 !RE1 IT C\LD HAPP5 H]E !Y ?\<T 7& 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! #a#i#gS1 ?IS WAS A REAL POSSIBILITY74 ,H[EV]1 ,?AT*]'S ELECTION & SUBSEQU5T MI%&L+ ( ! ECONOMY BROKE ! BACK ( WORK+ CLASS RESI/ANCE4 ,:ILE /ATE REPRESSION WAS REQUIR$ TO BREAK ! M9]S /RIKE1 ! NE$ = A C\P HAD DECL9$ AS ,?AT*] HAD 5SUR$ ?AT WORK]S W]E =C$ TO TAKE ! ROAD TO S]FDOM AFT] TA/+ FRE$OM 9 ! REBELLI\S'#gS4 

,P9O*ET W\LD PROBABLY HAVE W5T D[N 9 HI/ORY AS YET ANO!R BLOOD-SOAK$ MILIT>Y DICTATOR EXCEPT = ONE ?+1 HIS EMBRACE ( ,MILTON ,FRI$MAN'S ECONOMIC IDEOLOGY4 ,DUE TO ?IS1 ,*ILI BECAME A TE/-CASE = :AT BECAME KN[N AS NEO-LIB]ALISM & IT HAS BE5 US$ AS A TEMPLATE >\ND ! WORLD = ECONOMIC 0RE=M01 9CLUD+ H]E UND] ,?AT*]4 ,! RESULTS HAVE BE5 REM>KABLY CONSI/5T & V]Y F> FROM ! 0ECONOMIC MIRACLE0 PROCLAIM$ BY ! 0FREE-M>KET0 RI<T4 ,9 FACT1 ! REALITY WAS RADICALLY DIFF]5T & H>DLY 0MIRACUL\S0 UNLESS Y\ W]E WEAL?Y4 ,AS ONE EXP]T SUMM>IZES1 ,*ILEAN WORK]S 0W]E C5TRAL T>GET'S ( POLITICAL REPRESSION & SUFF]$ GREATLY FROM HIS /ATE T]ROR4 ,!Y ALSO PAID A DISPROPORTIONATE %>E ( ! CO/S ( HIS REGIME'S REGRESSIVE SOCIAL POLICIES4 ,WORK]S & !IR ORGANIZATIONS W]E ALSO ! PRIM>Y T>GETS ( ,P9O*ET'S LABOR LAWS & AMONG ! BIGGE/ LOS]S FROM HIS POLICIES ( PRIVATIZATION & DE9DU/RIALIZATION40 7,W9N1 ,PET] 7$471 ,VICTIMS ( ! ,*ILEAN ,MIRACLE3 ,WORK]S & ,NEOLIB]ALISM 9 ! ,P9O*ET ,]A1 #a#i#g#c-#b#b1 P4 #a7 

,AFT] A DEEP RECESSION CAUS$ BY APPLY+ ,MONET>I/ %OCK-TREATM5T 9 #aige 7! ECONOMY FELL BY #a#c.071 IT />T$ TO REB\ND4 ,?IS IS ! S\RCE ( CLAIM ( A ,*ILEAN 0ECONOMIC MIRACLE40 ,FRI$MAN1 = EXAMPLE1 US$ #aigf AS HIS BASE-L9E1 SO EXCLUD+ ! DEPRESSION YE> ( #a#i#g#e:I* HIS RECOMM5D$ %OCK TREATM5T HAD DEEP5$4 ,?IS IS DI%ONE/ AS IT FAILS TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT NOT ONLY ! IMPACT ( NEO-LIB]AL POLICIES BUT ALSO ?AT A DEEP RECESSION (T5 PRODUCES A VIGOR\S UPSURGE - P>TICUL>LY IS WORK]S >E TOO T]RIFI$ TO ASK = PAY RISES4 ,IRONICALLY1 SOON AFT] ,FRI$MAN PROCLAIM$ HIS 0MIRACLE0 ! BOTTOM FELL \T( ! ECONOMY & ,*ILI'S ,G,D,P FELL #a#d.0 9 #a#i#h#b4 

,! CRISIS =C$ ! REGIME TO AB&ON ITS ,MONET>I/ DOGMAS & BAIL\T ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,! ECONOMY F9ALLY /ABILIZ$ 9 #a#i#h#f1 BUT AT A CO/ PAID BY ! C\NTRY'S WORK]S3 0,BY #a#i#h#h1 ! AV]AGE REAL WAGE HAD RETURN$ TO #aih LEVELS1 BUT IT WAS /ILL WELL BEL[ #aig LEVELS4 ,MOREOV]1 9 #a#i#h#f1 SOME #cg P]C5T ( ! LABOR =CE WORK$ 9 ! 9=MAL SECTOR1 :]E WAGES W]E L[] & B5EFITS (T5 NON-EXI/5T4 ,MANY WORK$ = M9IMUM WAGE1 :I* 9 #aihh PROVID$ ONLY HALF ( :AT AN AV]AGE FAMILY REQUIR$ TO LIVE DEC5TLY -- & A FIF? ( ! WORK]S DIDN'T EV5 E>N ?AT 444 NE>LY HALF ( ,*ILEANS LIV$ 9 POV]TY40 7,W9N1 P4 #d#h7 ,! LEVEL ( /ATE 9T]V5TION PURSU$ BY ,P9O*ET'S REGIME PO/-CRA% MADE OPPON5TS TALK ( 0! ,*ICAGO ROAD TO SOCIALISM40 ,WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE1 ON ! O!R H&1 FAC$ /ATE REPRESSION AFT] TAK+ TO ! /REETS 9 RESPONSE TO ! CRA%4 

,BETWE5 #aig & #a#i#i1 ,*ILI'S TOTAL ,G,D,P GREW BY A DECID$LY AV]AGE #b.0 A YE>4 ,! AV]AGE GR[? 9 ,G,D,P WAS #a4#e.0 P] YE> BETWE5 #aigd & #a#i#h#b1 :I* WAS L[] ?AN ! AV]AGE ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN GR[? RATE ( #d4#c.0 & L[] ?AN ! #d4#e.0 ( ,*ILI 9 ! #a#i#f'S4 ,= ! #a#i#h#a-#i P]IOD1 IT WAS JU/ #a4#h#d.0 A YE>4 ,H>DLY AN ECONOMIC MIRACLE1 P>TICUL>LY ONCE ! SOCIAL CO/S ?RU/ UPON ! T]RORIZ$ POPULATION >E TAK5 9TO ACC\NT 7UNSURPRIS+LY1 ,FRI$MAN'S ,*ILEAN FOLL[]S AFFIRM$ ?AT 09 A DEMOCRACY WE C\LD NOT HAVE DONE ONE-FIF? ( :AT WE DID407 

,SOME:AT IRONICALLY1 ,*ILI PROVID$ SUB/ANTIAL EMPIRICAL EVID5CE TO REFUTE ,FRI$MAN'S [N CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY4 ,9 0,CAPITALISM & ,FRE$OM01 HE ASS]T$ ?AT ! MORE CAPITALI/ A C\NTRY1 ! MORE EQUAL IT WAS4 ,9EQUALITY UND] ,P9O*ET SO>$ TO RECORD LEVELS & ,*ILI W5T FROM ! SECOND MO/ EQUAL TO ! SECOND MO/ UNEQUAL SOCIETY 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA4 ,! 0DI/RIBUTION ( 9COME 9 ,*ILI 9 #a#i#h#h1AFT] A DECADE ( FREE-M>KET POLICIES1 WAS M>K$LY REGRESSIVE40 ,BETWE5 #ai< & #aihh ! RI*E/ #a.0 ( ,*ILEANS 9CREAS$ !IR %>E ( NATIONAL 9COME FROM #cg TO #d#g.01 :ILE ! NEXT #c.0 SAW !IR %>E %R9K FROM #bc TO #a#h.04 ,! 9COME %>E ( ! POORE/ FIF? ( ! POPULATION DROPP$ FROM #e TO #d .04 ,OV]ALL1 0WAGES /AY$ L[ EV5 AS ! ECONOMY BEGAN TO RECOV]4 ,L[ WAGES W]E KEY TO ! CELEBRAT$ 'MIRACLE' RECOV]Y 444 ,! AV]AGE WAGE 444 WAS #e P]C5T L[] AT ! 5D ( ! DECADE ?AN IT HAD BE5 9 #aiha & ALMO/ #a P]C5T L[] ?AN ! AV]AGE #aig WAGE40 ,AFT] #a#i#h#b1 0/AGNANT WAGES & ! UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( 9COME SEV]ELY CURTAIL$ BUY+ P[] = MO/ ,*ILEANS1 :O W\LD NOT RECOV] #aig CONSUMPTION LEVELS UNTIL #a#i#h#i40 7,JOHN ,LE> & ,JOSEPH ,COLL9S1 0,WORK+ 9 ,*ILI'S ,FREE ,M>KET01 PP4 #a-#b#i1 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,P]SPECTIVES1 VOL4 #b#b1 ,NO4 #a1 P"7#b,E #b#f1 P4 #ba & P4 #b#e7 

,FRI$MAN HAD ALSO BE5 AT PA9S TO ATTACK TRADE UNIONS & ! IDEA ?AT !Y DEF5D$ ! WORK] FROM CO]CION BY ! BOSS4 ,NONS5SE1 HE ASS]T$1 ! 0EMPLOYEE IS PROTECT$ FROM CO]CION BY ! EMPLOY] BECAUSE ( O!R EMPLOY]S = :OM HE CAN WORK40 ,*ILI REFUT$ ?AT NOTION1 = 09 WAKE ( ! C\P1 FACTORY [N]S SUDD5LY HAD ABSOLUTE CONTROL OV] !IR WORK]S & C\LD FIRE ANY WORK] )\T CASE"7#b,E ,FROM #aigc ?R\< #a#i#g#h1 PRACTICALLY EV]Y LABOR RI<T = ORGANIZ$ & UNORGANIZ$ WORK]S WAS SUSP5D$4 ,ALL TOOLS ( COLLECTIVE B>GA9+1 9CLUD+ ( C\RSE ! RI<T TO /RIKE1 W]E \TLAW$40 ,AFT]#a#i#g#h1 ! LABOR CODE DESIGN$ BY ,FRI$MAN'S ACOLYTES MADE IT EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO /RIKE1 P>TICUL>LY AS 0EMPLOY]S C\LD C\NT ON ! BACK+ ( ! MILIT>Y 9 ANY CONFLICT ) WORK]S40 7,LE> & ,COLL9S1 P4 #a#c7 

,:I* REFUTES ,FRI$MAN'S ATTEMPTS TO SUPPORT ! ECONOMIC POLICIES ( ! REGIME :ILE PAY+ LIP-S]VICE TO CRITICIZ+ ITS DICTATORIAL NATURE"7#b,E ,IT /AGG]S BELIEF ?AT ANY 9TELLIG5T P]SON C\LD >GUE SU* A POSITION1 GIV5 ?AT ! POLITICAL SY/EM MU/ HAVE AN IMPACT ON ! ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,IF ! =M] IS AU?ORIT>IAN1 IT W\LD BE H>DLY SURPRIS+ TO DISCOV] ?AT ! ECONOMY1 AT LEA/ = WORK]S1 W\LD ALSO BE AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,GIV5 ?AT WORK]S FAC$ A VISIT FROM ! SECRET POLICE IF !Y GOT UPPITY1 IT IS CLE> ?AT !RE WAS NO 0ECONOMIC LIB]TY0 = !M4 ,TO /ATE O!RWISE SIMPLY %[S ?AT ! P]SON HAS NO CONCEPT ( :AT LIB]TY MEANS - BUT1 !N1 ,FRI$MAN WAS AN IDEOLOGUE = CAPITALISM SO ?IS CAN BE TAK5 = GRANT$4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! ATOMIZ$ LABOR M>KET PRODUC$ BY /ATE T]ROR DID APPROXIMATE ! NEO-CLASSICAL IDEAL AS !RE W]E NO OR WEAK UNIONS & WORK]S W]E UNWILL+ TO TAKE COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,! RESULTS1 AS NOT$ ABOVE1 W]E ONLY A 0MIRACLE0 = ! BOSSES4 ,ANY L9K BETWE5 PRODUCTIVITY & WAGES W5T \T ! W9D[4 ,EV5 9 ! #a#i#iS1 !RE IS EVID5CE ?AT PRODUCTIVITY GR[? \TPAC$ REAL WAGE GR[? BY AS MU* AS A RATIO #c3#a 9 #aiic & #e3#a 9 #a#i#i#g4 7,W9N1 P4 #g#c7 ,BE+ ABLE TO SEEK A NEW JOB DID NOT /OP EXPLOITATION P>TICUL>LY AS ,*ILI 7YET AGA967 REFUT$ ANO!R ( ,FREIDMAN'S ASS]TIONS AB\T CAPITALISM1 NAMELY ?AT PEOPLE W\LD 0BE SURPRIS$ H[ FA/ PEOPLE W\LD BE ABSORB$ BY A GR[+ PRIVATE-SECTOR ECONOMY40 ,9 FACT1 UNEMPLOYM5T REA*$ RECORD LEVELS = DECADES4 ,DUR+ ! #a#i#fS IT HAD HOV]$ >\ND #f.02 BY CONTRA/1 ! UNEMPLOYM5T LEVEL = ! YE>S #aigd TO #aihg AV]AG$ #b.0 ( ! WORK=CE4 ,EV5 9 ! BE/ YE>S ( ! BOOM 7#a#i#h-#a#i#h#a7 IT /AY$ AS HI< AS #a#h.04 7,LE> & ,COLL9S1 P4 #b#b7 

,! ONLY MIRACLE AB\T ,*ILI'S ECONOMY IS H[ ANYONE ) ANY KN[L$GE OR 9TELLECT C\LD CLAIM IT WAS AN 0ECONOMIC MIRACLE0 BAS$ ON 0ECONOMIC LIB]TY40 

,*ILI IS N[ A DEMOCRACY4 ,H[EV]1 ! LEGACY ( ,P9O*ET /ILL REMA9S4 ,OV] A QU>T] ( ! ,S5ATE >E 0DESIGNAT$0 9CLUD+ F\R RETIR$ MILIT>Y (FIC]S NAM$ BY ! ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY ,C\NCIL4 ,HE ALSO IMPOS$ A 0UNIQUE B9OMIAL ELECTORAL LAW1 .<9.> :I* TO ELECT TWO DEPUTIES OR S5ATORS FROM ! SAME DI/RICT1 A P>TY OR ELECTORAL ALLIANCE NE$$ TO D\BLE ITS OPPON5T'S VOTE -- A DIFFICULT FEAT -- OR ELSE ! OPPON5T RECEIV$ AN EQUAL NUMB] ( SEATS 9 CONGRESS40 ,?IS 5SUR$ RI<TI/ CONTROL ( ! ,S5ATE DESPITE A DECADE ( MAJORITY VICTORIES BY ! C5T]-LEFT 9 ELECTIONS4 ,P9O*ET ?REAT5$ ON #aa ,SEPTEMB] #aii ?AT HE W\LD LEAD ANO!R C\P IS CONDITIONS W>RANT$ IT4 ,?REE YE>S LAT]1 HE ORD]$ COMBAT-READY TROOPS ONTO ! /REETS = AN 0EX]CISE0 :5 9VE/IGATIONS 9TO AN >MS PROCUREM5T SC&AL IMPLICAT$ HIS SON4 ,EV5 ) A CONTROLL$ DEMOCRACY1 0,P9O*ET MA9TA9$ AN >MY '%AD[ CAB9ET' ?AT ACT$ AS A POLITICAL PRESSURE GR\P40 ,H[EV]1 ! NEW C5T]-LEFT GOV]NM5TS HAVE MANAG$ SOME RE=MS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ?R\< T>GET$ SOCIAL SP5D+0 ! NEW GOV]NM5T 0WAS ABLE TO HALVE ! #aihh #de P]C5T POV]TY RATE BEQUEA!D BY ,P9O*ET40 7,W9N1 P4 #f#d1 P4 #e P4 #e#b7 

,IT IS ONE ( ! IRONIES ( LIFE ?AT ,P9O*ET DI$ ON ,HUMAN ,RI<TS DAY4 ,?AT ! DICTATOR NEV] SAW HIS DAY 9 C\RT IS UNSURPRIS+1 GIV5 H[ POPUL> HE WAS 9 ELITE CIRCLES & H[ HE 5SUR$ ?AT 0DEMOCRATIC0 ,*ILI WAS B\ND BY HIS WILL4 ,HE WAS A MURD]\S ?UG :OM NO SANE & CIVILIZ$ P]SON C\LD FEEL ANY EMOTION B> HATR$ OR DISGU/ =4 ,?AT ! RI<T-W+ EMBRAC$ HIM SO FULLY 7:ILE PAY+ LIP-S]VICE TO CONDEMN+ HIS POLITICAL REGIME7 SAYS A LOT AB\T !M4 ,IT ALSO %[S H[ LITTLE !Y >E CONC]N$ AB\T LOGIC1 EMPIRICAL EVID5CE & 7NE$LESS TO SAY7 LIB]TY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,P9O*ET -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,P9O*ET -- ,UPDAT$4 

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