,*APT] #aa 
,DANIEL ,DE ,LEON 

#aidaid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,TEXT 3 

,DANIEL ,DE ,LEON WAS BORN ON ,DECEMB] #a#d1 #a#h#e#b1 9 ,CURACAO1 AN ISL& (F ! COA/ ( ,V5EZUELA1 & $UCAT$ 9 ,EUROPE4 ,HE RETURN$ TO ,AM]ICA 9 #a#h#g#b1 & GRADUAT$ FROM ,COLUMBIA ,LAW ,S*OOL 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY 9 #a#h#g#h4 ,HE HELD ! POSITION ( LECTUR] 9 ?AT COLLEGE = SIX YE>S4 ,9 #ahhf HE TOOK AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! ,H5RY ,GEORGE CAMPAIGN1 & SEV]$1 9 CONSEQU5CE1 HIS CONNECTION ) ! LAW S*OOL4 ,F\R YE>S LAT] HE JO9$ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY1 & 9 #ahib BECAME $ITOR ( ITS (FICIAL ORGAN1 ,! ,PEOPLE1 & LEAD+ !ORI/ 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T ( ,AM]ICA4 ,HE HELD HIS $ITORIAL POSITION UNTIL HIS DEA?1 ON ,MAY #a#a1 #a#i#a#d4 

,DE ,LEON WAS NOT$ = HIS BITT] & (T5 \TRAGE\SLY UNJU/ ATTACKS ON ,AN>*ISM4 ,! LAWY] 9 HIM DEGRAD$ HIS ,SOCIALI/ P54 ,BUT ! TR5D ( HIS WORK WAS TO RECONCILE ,AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM4 ,HE WAS ALWAYS PAY+ TRIBUTE TO ,M>X = ! LATT]'S ANALYSIS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,BUT HE SUPPLEM5T$ ,M>X'S WORK ) AN EV5 MORE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO ! PHILOSOPHY ( ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE1 A DEF9ITE APPLICATION ( ,SOCIALI/ KN[L$GE TO ! PURPOSE ( EVOLV+ ! NEW SOCIAL ORD]4 ,DE ,LEON PROCLAIM$ ?AT ,SOCIALISM WAS 9COMPLETE UNLESS IT ADOPT$ A NEGATIVE PROGRAM ON ! POLITICAL FIELD & A POSITIVE PROGRAM ON ! 9DU/RIAL4 ,?IS WAS HIS CONCEPTION ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 ( ,M>XISM1 ,COMMUNISM1 OR ,SOCIALISM4 ,& IT IS ! TRUE & ONLY CONCEPTION4 

,DE ,LEON SAW & TAU<T ?AT ! SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T BAS$ ON T]RITORIAL L9ES HAS \TLIV$ ITS FUNCTION3 ?AT ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T HAS REA*$ A PO9T :]E ! ,POLITICAL ,/ATE CANNOT EV5 APPE> TO S]VE ! WORK]S AS AN 9/RUM5T ( 9DU/RIAL EMANCIPATION4 ,ACCUMULAT$ WEAL?1 CONC5TRAT$ 9 A FEW H&S1 CONTROLS ALL POLITICAL GOV]NM5T4 ,NO FRAN*ISE P]MITS ! DEMOCRACY TO CONTROL ACCUMULAT$ WEAL?4 

,ONCE HE HAD F\ND HIS /RIDE1 ,DE ,LEON DEVOT$ HIMSELF TO ?IS DEF9ITION ( ,SOCIALISM AS ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REPUBLIC4 ,HE DID SO1 NOT AS AN ,UTOPIAN1 DREAM+ VA9LY & SPECULAT+ GLORI\SLY1 BUT AS A SCI5TI/ & A ?9K]1 SEEK+ E>NE/LY & P5ETRAT+ ) ANALYSIS4 

,ADAPT+ ,KAUTSKY'S ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC 9 #a#h#i#d1 ,DE ,LEON WROTE1 ON ?IS !ME1 AS FOLL[S3-- 

0,FEW ?+S >E MORE *ILDI% ?AN TO DEM& ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ?AT HE DRAW A PICTURE ( ! ,COMMONWEAL? HE LABORS =4 ,! DEM& IS SO *ILDI% ?AT IT W\LD NOT DES]VE MU* ATT5TION1 W]E IT NOT = ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT1 *ILDI% ?\< IT BE1 IT IS ! ONE OBJECTION AGA9/ ,SOCIALISM :I* ITS ADV]S>IES RAISE ) ! SOB]E/ MI54 ,! O!R OBJECTIONS >E1 IF ANY?+1 /ILL MORE *ILDI%1 BUT 9 MAK+ !M ! ADV]S>IES ( ,SOCIALISM >E NOT HALF SO S]I\S4  

0,NEV] YET 9 ! HI/ORY ( MANK9D HAS IT HAPP5$ ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY WAS ABLE TO =ESEE1 LET ALONE DET]M9E1 :AT ! =MS W\LD BE ( ! NEW SOCIAL ORD] :I* IT /ROVE TO U%] 94 ,! CAUSE ( PROGRESS HAD GA9$1 NOT A LITTLE1 BUT QUITE A GOOD DEAL1 IF IT C\LD AS MU* AS ASC]TA9 & RECOGNIZE ! T5D5CIES ?AT L$ TO SU* A NEW SOCIAL ORD]1 TO ! 5D ?AT ITS POLITICAL ACTIVITY C\LD BE A CONSCI\S & NOT M]ELY AN 9/9CTIVE ONE40 

,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS ACCEPT ?IS CLE> & SIMPLE /ATEM5T AS DEF9+ ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y POSITION4 ,IT IS ONE ( ! CLE>E/ /ATEM5TS TO BE F\ND 9 ! :OLE RANGE ( ,SOCIALI/ LIT]ATURE4 

,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS ALSO 5DORSE ! FOLL[+ EULOGY ( ! AGILE FEW1 MADE BY ,DE ,LEON1 AT ! ,SECOND ,CONV5TION1 ,I4,W4,W41 9 #a#i#f3-- 

0,I KN[ :AT ,M>X TEA*ES UPON ! 9/9CT ( ! CLASS-/RUGGLE IS CORRECT2 ! 9/9CT IS !RE1 IT IS LAT5T4 ,IT IS ! MISSION ( ! LIEUT5ANTS ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS TO 9T]F]E ) US1 & TO PREV5T US FROM T\*+ ?AT *ORD1 & ?AT *ORD IF T\*$ RESPONDS IMM$IATELY4 ,BUT ! CAPITALI/ CLASS ( ?IS C\NTRY WALKS UPON A FLAM+ VOLCANO1 & ?AT VOLCANO WILL />T 9 ]UPTION & OV]?R[ !M ! DAY WE HAVE ORGANIZ$ A SUB/ANTIAL M9ORITY4 ,ONE CORRECTION1 ,I ?9K1 TO ! ,PREAMBLE WAS SUGGE/$ TO-DAY ?AT S\ND$ TO ME QUITE LOGICAL1 OR RA!R QUITE HI/ORICALLY TRUE4 ,I WI% TO REF] TO IT 9 CONNECTION ) :AT ,I HAVE JU/ /AT$ ) REG>D TO \R *ANCES4 ,ONE CRITIC--,I ?9K IT WAS ,MC,9TO%--/AT$ ?AT IS WAS A MI/AKE TO EXPECT TO ORGANIZE ALL ! WORK]S4 ,AH1 9DE$1 IT IS A MI/AKE2 ONLY HE DID NOT C>RY HIS >GUM5T AS F> AS ,I W\LD HAVE C>RI$ IT4 ,NOT BECAUSE Y\ CANNOT ORGANIZE ALL ! WORK]S1 BUT BECAUSE IS NOT NECESS>Y TO ORGANIZE ALL ! WORK]S4 ,! REVOLUTIONS ( ?IS WORLD HAVE BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ NOT BE MAJORITIES BUT BY M9ORITIES2 ONLY ! M9ORITY HAD TO BE L>GE 5\< & E>NE/ 5\< & DET]M9$ 5\< & CONV9C$ 5\< TO ACT4 ,SOON AS IT HAD ! NUMB]S ?AT RAIS$ IT ABOVE A NEGLIGIBLE QUANTITY1 JU/ AS SOON AS IT WAS NUM]ICALLY /RONG 5\<1 AL?\< BUT A SMALL M9ORITY COMP>$ TO ! :OLE1 ITS 5]GY1 ITS DET]M9ATION1 ITS C\RAGE ADD$ TO AUDACITY HAVE ALWAYS BR\<T AB\T ! ,REVOLUTION4  

0,EX-,SPEAK] ,RE$1 V]Y CORRECTLY & V]Y MU* TO ! SORR[ ( HIS CLASS1 PO9T$ \T ?AT IF A VOTE HAD BE5 TAK51 IF A MALE VOTE ( REF]5DUM HAD BE5 TAK51 ! COLONIES 9 ?IS UNION W\LD BY A L>GE MAJORITY HAVE VOT$ AGA9/ 9DEP5D5CE4 ,CORRECT4 ,?AT REVOLUTION WAS ACCOMPLI%$ BY A CLE>HEAD$1 DET]M9$ M9ORITY4 ,BETWE5 ! M9ORITY ?AT WANTS A C]TA9 ?+ & ?OSE :O DO NOT WANT IT !RE LIES A L>GE MASS ( ! 'UNDET]M9$4' ,:E!R IT WILL ALWAYS BE SO ,I DO NOT KN[4 ,IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 ?AT WAY1 & WILL CONT9UE TO BE UNTIL SOME TIME AFT] ! ,COOP]ATIVE ,COMMONWEAL? HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$4 ,?AT M9ORITY MU/ HAVE FIRE 5\< 9 IT--NOT /RAW FIRE1 NOT K9DL+ WOOD FIRE1 BUT A FIRE ?AT NO?+ CAN EXT+UI%--TO BEAT UP & MOVE ?AT 9DIFF]5T MASS4 ,& :5 ?AT M9ORITY MOVES ! 9DIFF]5T MASS MOVES1 & IS ABLE TO MOVE ! E>? ) ! REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY40 

,AGA91 9 DEF9+ ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,S4,L4,P41 ,DE ,LEON WAS REALLY /AT+ ! POSITION ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T3 -- 

0,! ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY C>RIES ON ITS WORK ( $UCATION1 5C\RAG$ BY ! KN[L$GE ?AT SOME DAY1 SOMEH[1 SOME?+ IS B\ND TO RIP4 ,& ?AT1 AT ?AT CRISIS1 :5 ! PEOPLE1 :O HAVE ALL[$ !MSELVES TO BE MISL$ FROM ,MUMBO ,JUMBO TO ,JUMBO ,MUMBO1 WILL BE RUNN+ >\ND LIKE *ICK5S )\T A HEAD1 !RE WILL BE ONE BEACON ( LI<T 'MID/ ! CL\DS TO-DAY2 ONE BEACON1 :OSE /EADY LI<T WILL S]VE AS GUIDE2 :OSE TRI$ FIRMNESS WILL 9SPIRE CONFID5CE2 & :OSE ROCK-RIBB$ SIDES WILL S]VE AS A NATURAL PO9T ( RALLY FROM :I* TO SAVE CIVILIZATION40  

 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY IS DEAD4 ,BUT ,DANIEL ,DE ,LEON'S CONTRIBUTION TO ,SOCIALI/ ?\<T & ACTION1 ALL ?AT MATT]S ( IT1 LIKE ! 9SPIRATION ( ,JOHN ,MAC,LEAN'S H]OIC /RUGGLE1 IS EMBODI$ 9 ! AGITATION ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T4  

 ,H[ CORRECT ?AT CONCEPTION IS1 AS OPPOS$ TO ! CONCEPTION ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y 0UNIT$ FRONT10 0,COMMUNI/S0 & ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 WILL BE SE5 FROM ! /ATEM5T MADE BY ,JU/ICE ,SWIFT1 TO ! JURY1 AT ! ,LONDON ,C5TRAL ,CRIM9AL ,C\RT1 ON ,NOVEMB] #b#e1 #a#i#b#e1 :5 SUMM+ UP 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TRIAL4 ,SWIFT SAID3 --  

 0,! ,GOV]NM5T ( ?IS C\NTRY IS NOT A ,CONS]VATIVE1 ,LIB]AL1 OR ,LABOR BODY1 REPRES5T$ BY A ,BALDW91 AN ,ASQUI?1 OR A ,MAC,DONALD4 ,WE SPEAK ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ?IS C\NTRY AS AN UNCEAS+LY ACTIVE & P]MAN5T BODY1 REPRES5T$ BY ! ,K+ 9 ,P>LIAM5T4 ,GOV]NM5TS APPE> TO FALL FREQU5TLY1 BY ONLY SUP]FICIALLY1 M]ELY A *ANGE ( ! ',P>TY' POLITICAL APP5DAGE4 ,AN OV]-?R[ ( A ,GOV]NM5T MEANS A COMPLETE *ANGE  ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 ! SORRY EFFECT ( A ,REVOLUTION1 ! ABOLITION ( ! ,K+ & PRES5T ,H\SES ( ,LEGISLATION & !IR REPLACEM5T BY AN 5TIRELY NEW /RUCTURE40  

 ,:I* MEANS ?AT P>LIAM5T>ISM IS NOT ,SOCIALISM2 ?AT ,LABORISM IS NOT ,SOCIALISM2 ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 0,UNIT$ ,FRONT10 ,L59ISM & ,NEPISM1 ,/AL9ISM1 IS NOT ,SOCIALISM2 BUT ?AT ! UNCEAS+ AGITATION T[>DS ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REPUBLIC1 ! 5TIRELY NEW /RUCTURE1 IS ,SOCIALISM4 ,ACTUALLY1 ,DE ,LEON PIONE]$ ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM1 & ALL ?AT IS ( MOM5T 9 ! ,S4,L4,P4 PROGRAM EI!R HAS BE51 OR %\LD BE1 EMBODI$ 9 ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ PROGRAM4  

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG @& ,REVOLT,LIB4COM @& ,AN>*Y,>*IVES4 

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,NOVEMB] #c1 #aici 3 ,*APT] #aa -- ,PUBLICATION4 

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