,*APT] #ah 
,MILIT>ISM & ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE 

#aidaid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,TEXT 3 

,LIEBKNE*T--,NIEUW5HUIS ,DEBATE 

,AT ! CONGRESS ( ,BRUSSELS1 9 #a#h#i#a1 ,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS1 ON BEHALF ( ! ,DUT* ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 PROPOS$ ?AT ! ,SOCIALI/S ( ALL C\NTRIES %\LD ANSW] ! PROPOSAL = W> BY AN APPEAL TO ! PEOPLES TO PROCLAIM A G5]AL /RIKE4 

,K,>,L ,L,I,E,B,K,N,E,*,T1 ON BEHALF ( ! MAJORITY1 OPPOS$ ?IS PROPOSAL ON ! GR\ND ?AT ?IS WAS ,UTOPIAN & FAIL$ TO REA* ! ECONOMIC S\RCES ( ! EVIL4 ,HE SUPPORT$ A PROPOSAL TO CONDUCT 9CESSANT PROPAG&A AGA9/ MILIT>ISM & CAPITALISM1 ) A VIEW TO DEVELOP+ ! 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 & ?R[+ ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! WORLD W> UPON ! RUL+ CLASS4 

,!RE W]E PROPOSALS = PROVOK+1 9 CASE ( W>1 ! /RIKE & MILIT>Y 9SURRECTION4 ,!Y W]E MADE BY DELEGATES :OSE C\NTRIES DID NOT BE> ! CRU%+ WEI<T ( MILIT>ISM BORNE BY ! NATIONS HAV+ AN ABSOLUTE MILIT>Y REGIME4 

,! PROJECT HAD BE5 SUBMITT$ TO ! EFFECT ?AT 9 ALL C\NTRIES ,MAY ,DAY %\LD BE CELEBRAT$ NOT ONLY AS A ,LABOR ,CELEBRATION ,DAY1 BUT ALSO AS ONE ( ! FRAT]NITY ( PEOPLES4 

,SOCIALI/ ,CONGRESS C\LD NOT TAKE ON ?AT SUBJECT1 ! ATTITUDE ( A B\RGEOIS PHILAN?ROPHIC CONGRESS4 ,!RE WAS A W> :I* WAS EV] PRES5T---! CLASS W>--& ! W> BETWE5 PEOPLES WAS BUT AN ASPECT ( IT4 ,! 5EMY ( ! ,G]MAN WORK] WAS NOT ! ,FR5* CITIZ51 BUT ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOIS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y ! ,FR5* PROLET>IAN WAS HIS ALLY4 ,! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE W\LD LIKE DIS>MAM5T1 BUT !Y NE$$ AN 5ORM\S P]MAN5T >MY TO RESI/ ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT4 

,A W>1 COMP>$ TO :I* ?AT ( #a#h#g1 W\LD BE BUT *ILD'S PLAY1 WAS M5AC+ ! WORLD1 & MI<T PUT CIVILIZATION BACK = A C5TURY4 ,! PROLET>IAT MU/ PREV5T IT BY AN 9CESSANT PROPAG&A1 9 ORD] TO SAVE ! WORLD FROM ?AT FE>FUL CATA/ROPHY1 BY ASSUR+ ! TRIUMPH ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,! ONLY GU>ANTEE AGA9/ ! DISA/]S ( MILIT>ISM RESID$ 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ORGANIZATION4 

,D,O,M,E,L,A ,N,I,E,U,W,5,H,U,I,S REPLI$ TO ,LIEBKNE*T BY PO9T+ \T ?AT IT WAS EASY TO OBTA9 UNANIMITY4 ,ALL ?AT WAS NECESS>Y WAS TO 9TRODUCE A PROPOSAL PUT D[N 9 T]MS ?AT W]E V]Y VAGUE4 ,! ,POPE C\LD ACCEPT IF IT ONE WORD W]E ALT]$1 ?AT ( ,SOCIALISM 9TO ,*RI/IANITY4 ,! LA/ S5T5CE ( ! RESOLUTION ?REW UPON ! RUL+ CLASS1 BE=E HUMANITY & HI/ORY1 ! RESPONSIBILITY ( FUTURE W>S4 ,RUL]S C\LD NOT BE MOV$ BY SU* A PLATITUD9\S PROTE/4 ,! RESOLUTION ?REW ! SAME RESPONSIBILITY UPON ! LABOR+ CLASS4 ,IT REM9D$ ONE ( TWO UR*9S QU>REL+1 & EA* BLAM+ ! O!R :ILE SPECTATORS LAU<$ AT !IR EXP5SE4 

,*AUV9ISM MU/ BE REJECT$ EV]Y:]E1 AS ALSO ANY DI/9CTION BETWE5 (F5SIVE & DEF5SIVE W>S4 ,DIPLOMATS1 IF !Y WI%$ IT C\LD DECL>E ANY W> UPON :I* !Y HAD DECID$4 

,PASSIVE RESI/ANCE WAS MO/ EFFICACI\S4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,NAPOLEON'S :OLE 5]GY DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 BREAK+ ! RESI/ANCE ( ! ,POLBROK]S :O REFUS$ TO S]VE 9 ! >MY4 ,:5 A RIFLE WAS PUT 9TO !IR H&S !Y DROPP$ IT4 ,AT LA/ !Y HAD TO BE RELEGAT$ TO ! AMBULANCES4 

,IT MU/ NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT ,GOV]NM5TS HAD A MU* MORE F]OCI\S HATR$ AGA9/ ,SOCIALI/S ?AN !Y HAD AGA9/ ONE ANO!R1 EV5 :5 !Y W]E AT W>4 ,SOCIALI/S MU/ NOT KILL ONE ANO!R = ! ,GOV]NM5TS4 ,BY REFUS+ TO FI<T1 ,SOCIALI/S RISK$ BE+ PUT TO DEA?1 :]EAS IF !Y W5T TO BATTLE !Y W]E SURE EI!R TO KILL OR TO BE KILL$4 

,WORK+ M5 HAD BEGUN TO ?9K4 ,YET !IR SONS /ILL 5T]$ ! >MIES4 ,! RESULT WAS ?AT ! RUL+ CLASSES ALREADY FELT !IR P[]S %AK+4 ,IT MU/ BE SAID FRANKLY ?AT CIVIL W> BETWE5 PROLET>IAT & B\RGEOISIE WAS TO BE PREF]R$ TO W> BETWE5 NATIONS4 ,! DECISION ( W> \<T NOT TO BE 9 ! H&S ( ! ,GOV]NM5TS4 ,IT %\LD RE/ ) ! PEOPLES4 ,= !Y W\LD NOT HAVE W>4 

,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ MILIT>ISM1 :I* WAS ONE ( ! MEANS CAPITALISM US$ = MA9TA9+ ITS SUPREMACY4 ,CAPITALISM BUT SU/A9$ ITSELF BY BAYONETS4 ,:5 ! WIELD]S ( ! BAYONETS BECAME 9TELLIG5T ! B\RGEOIS ORD] BECAME LO/4 ,FR$]ICK ! ,GREAT SAID ?AT IF HIS SOLDI]S HAD ?\<T1 NOT ONE ( !M W\LD HAVE REMA9$ 9 ! RANKS4 

,! TRIUMPH ( ! PROLET>IAT W\LD MEAN UNIV]SAL PEACE4 ,BY %[+ C\RAGE1 5]GY1 & P]SEV]ANCE1 ,SOCIALI/S C\LD PREV5T W> FROM EV] BREAK+ \T AGA94 ,GOV]NM5TS1 :5 !Y DECL>$ W>1 COMMITT$ A REVOLUTION>Y ACT4 ,! PEOPLES4 HAD ! RI<T1 & W]E 9 DUTY B\ND1 TO ANSW] SU* DECL>ATION BY REVOLUTION4 

,L,I,E,B,K,N,E,*,T1 ANSW]+ ON BEHALF ( ! ,G]MAN DELEGATION RECALL$ ?AT ,NIEUW5HUIS HAD ASS]T$ ?AT ! ,POPE C\LD ACCEPT ! PROPOS$ RESOLUTION IF ! WORD ,SOCIALISM 9 IT WAS REPLAC$ BY ! WORD ,*RI/IANITY4 ,IT WAS NEWS TO HIM ?AT ! ,POPE HAD PRON\NC$ = ! CLASS W>4 

,! ,DUT* DELEGATE HAD DECL>$ ! ,G]MAN RESOLUTION TO BE A TISSUE ( PHRASES4 ,!RE W]E NO PHRASES 9 ?AT RESOLUTION4 ,BUT IF PHRAS+ WAS ! PRONUNCIATION ( BIG WORDS1 CONTA9+ NO REALIZABLE IDEAS1 ,NIEUW5HUIS'S PROPOSAL ( ! G5]AL /RIKE 9 OPPOSITION TO A DECL>ATION ( W> WAS PHRASEOLOGY4 

,! REVOLUTION ( :I* ! ,DUT* SPEAK] HAD SPOK5 SO MU*1 WAS NOT SOME?+ TO BE ANN\NC$4 ,:5 ! PEOPLE REALLY WANT$ IT1 !Y W\LD ACCOMPLI% IT4 ,IT WAS ! SAME ) MANY DIFF]5T ?+S :I* ONE EXECUT$ UND] ! PRESSURE ( NECESSITY1 BUT DID NOT PR$ICT 9 ADVANCE4 

,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS HAD REM>K$ ?AT AT ! MOM5T ( ! DECL>ATION ( W>1 PEOPLES HAD TO HE 5C\RAG$ TO ! MILIT>Y /RIKE4 

,NIEUW5HUIS HAD =GOTT5 ?AT ?OSE :O W\LD MAKE ?AT APPEAL W\LD HAVE NO TIME TO EXECUTE !IR OBJECT = !Y W\LD BE TAK5 & %OT BE=E !Y C\LD ACT4 ,NIEUW5HUIS'S PROPOSAL WAS1 !RE=E1 UTOPIAN 9 *>ACT] BECAUSE IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE ( REALIZATION4 

,! ATTACKS DIRECT$ BY ,NIEUW5HUIS AGA9/ ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/S W]E UNJU/4 ,!Y W]E NO MORE /A9$ ) ,*AUV9ISM ?AN ! ,SOCIALI/S ( O!R L&S4 ,!Y HAD PROV$ ?IS 9 DIV]SE CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,9 #a#h#g1 DUR+ ! ,FRANCO-,PRUSSIAN W>1 ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS HAD COMBAT$ ! W> AT ! PRICE ( !IR LIB]TY & !IR LIVES4 ,CON/ANTLY !Y HAD SACRIFIC$ !MSELVES = ! CAUSE ( ,SOCIALISM1 & HAD PROV$ ?AT !Y1 LEAD] & RANK & FILE1 KNEW H[ TO /IFF] = !IR CONVICTIONS4 

,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS HAD SPOK5 ( ,*AUV9ISM4 ,BUT ,NIEUW5HUIS HAD BE5 A ,*AUV94 ,9 #a#h#g1 ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMO- CRATS HAD TRI$ TO /OP ! W>4 ,SEV]AL ( !M W]E COMPROMIS$ & IMPRISON$4 ,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 A ,DUT* J\RNAL1 $IT$ BY ,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS1 VIOL5TLY ATTACK$ !M & 9DULG$ 9 SOME MO/ DETE/ABLE ,*AUV9ISM4 ,! SPEAK] HAD %[N ?AT ! ,DUT* RESOLUTION WAS UNACCEPTABLE & ABSURD4 ,! CONGRESS W\LD DO ITS DUTY BY ACCEPT+ ! ,G]MAN PROPOSAL4 

,N,I,E,U,W,5,H,U,I,S /AT$ ?AT !RE W]E ,*AUV9I/S AMONG ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,HE HAD NOT ACCUS$ ALL ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/S ( BE+ ,*AUV9S4 ,ALL ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES HAD 5DUR$ P]SECUTION & SUFF]+S = ! CAUSE ( ! PEOPLE4 ,IT WAS NOT NECESS>Y = ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/S TO EXTOLL ! SACRIFICES :I* !Y HAD SUFF]$ = !IR CONVICTIONS4 ,COMRADES %\LD NOT GLORIFY !MSELVES AT MEET+S1 BUT %\LD CONT5T !MSELVES ) ! KN[L$GE ?AT !Y HAD DONE !IR DUTY4 ,HE RECOMM5D$ ! WORK]S ( ! DIFF]5T C\NTRIES TO OPPOSE TO ! DECL>ATION ( W> ! PROCLAMATION ( A G5]AL /RIKE1 P5D+ ! REGULATION ( W>S BY 9T]NATIONAL >BITRATION4 ,HE 9VIT$ MEMB]S ( P>LIAM5T TO 9TRODUCE BILLS R$UC+ ! BUDGETS ( W>4 

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