,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM 

#aifg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,IMAGES ,GEORGE ,REX1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,P,R,E,C,O,N,D,I,T,I,O,N,S ,& ,P,O,S,S,I,B,I,L,I,T,I,E,S 

,ALL ! SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTIONS ( ! PA/ HAVE BE5 P>TICUL>I/IC REVOLUTIONS ( M9ORITY CLASSES SEEK+ TO ASS]T !IR SPECIFIC 9T]E/S OV] ?OSE ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,! GREAT B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS ( MOD]N TIMES (F]$ AN IDEOLOGY ( SWEEP+ POLITICAL RECON/ITUTION1 BUT 9 REALITY !Y M]ELY C]TIFI$ ! SOCIAL DOM9ANCE ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 GIV+ =MAL POLITICAL EXPRESSION TO ! ECONOMIC ASC5DANCY ( CAPITAL4 ,! L(TY NOTIONS ( ! 0NATION10 ! 0FREE CITIZ510 ( EQUALITY BE=E ! LAW10 CONCEAL$ ! MUNDANE REALITY ( ! C5TRALIZ$ /ATE1 ! ATOMIZ$ ISOLAT$ MAN1 ! DOM9ANCE ( B\RGEOIS 9T]E/4 ,DESPITE !IR SWEEP+ IDEOLOGICAL CLAIMS1 ! P>TICUL>I/IC REVOLUTIONS REPLAC$ ! RULE ( ONE CLASS BY ANO!R1 ONE SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION BY ANO!R1 ONE SY/EM ( TOIL BY ANO!R1 & ONE SY/EM ( PSY*OLOGICAL REPRESSION BY ANO!R4 

,:AT IS UNIQUE AB\T \R ]A IS ?AT ! P>TICUL>I/IC REVOLUTION HAS N[ BE5 SUBSUM$ BY ! POSSIBILITY ( ! G5]ALIZ$ REVOLUTION--COMPLETE & TOTALI/IC4 ,B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 IF IT A*IEV$ NO?+ ELSE1 REVOLUTIONIZ$ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ON A SCALE UNPREC$5T$ 9 HI/ORY4 ,?IS TE*NOLOGICAL REVOLUTION1 CULM9AT+ 9 CYB]NATION1 HAS CREAT$ ! OBJECTIVE1 QUANTITATIVE BASIS = A WORLD )\T CLASS RULE1 EXPLOITATION1 TOIL OR MAT]IAL WANT4 ,! MEANS N[ EXI/ = ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! R\ND$ MAN1 ! TOTAL MAN1 FRE$ ( GUILT & ! WORK+S ( AU?ORIT>IAN MODES ( TRA9+1 & GIV5 OV] TO DESIRE & ! S5SU\S APPREH5SION ( ! M>VEL\S4 ,IT IS N[ POSSIBLE TO CONCEIVE ( MAN'S FUTURE EXP]I5CE 9 T]MS ( A COH]5T PROCESS 9 :I* ! BIFURCATIONS ( ?\<T & ACTIVITY1 M9D & S5SU\SNESS1 DISCIPL9E & SPONTANEITY1 9DIVIDUALITY & COMMUNITY1 MAN & NATURE1 T[N & C\NTRY1 $UCATION & LIFE1 WORK & PLAY >E ALL RESOLV$1 H>MONIZ$1 & ORGANICALLY W$D$ 9 A QUALITATIVELY NEW REALM ( FRE$OM4 ,JU/ AS ! P>TICUL>IZ$ REVOLUTION PRODUC$ A P>TICUL>IZ$1 BIFURCAT$ SOCIETY1 SO ! G5]ALIZ$ REVOLUTION CAN PRODUCE AN ORGANICALLY UNIFI$1 MANY-SID$ COMMUNITY4 ,! GREAT W\ND OP5$ BY PROP]TI$ SOCIETY 9 ! =M ( ! 0SOCIAL QUE/ION0 CAN N[ BE HEAL$4 

,?AT FRE$OM MU/ BE CONCEIV$ ( 9 HUMAN T]MS1 NOT 9 ANIMAL T]MS--9 T]MS ( LIFE1 NOT ( SURVIVAL--IS CLE> 5\<4 ,M5 DO NOT REMOVE !IR TIES ( BONDAGE & BECOME FULLY HUMAN M]ELY BY DIVE/+ !MSELVES ( SOCIAL DOM9ATION & OBTA9+ FRE$OM 9 ITS AB/RACT =M4 ,!Y MU/ ALSO BE FREE CONCRETELY3 FREE FROM MAT]IAL WANT1 FROM TOIL1 FROM ! BURD5 ( DEVOT+ ! GREAT] P>T ( !IR TIME--9DE$1 ! GREAT] P>T ( !IR LIVES--TO ! /RUGGLE ) NECESSITY4 ,TO HAVE SE5 !SE MAT]IAL PRECONDITIONS = HUMAN FRE$OM1 TO HAVE EMPHASIZ$ ?AT FRE$OM PRESUPPOSES FREE TIME & ! MAT]IAL ABUNDANCE = ABOLI%+ FREE TIME AS A SOCIAL PRIVILEGE1 IS ! GREAT CONTRIBUTION ( ,K>L ,M>X TO MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y !ORY4 

,BY ! SAME TOK51 ! PRECONDITIONS = FRE$OM MU/ NOT BE MI/AK5 = ! CONDITIONS( FRE$OM4 ,! POSSIBILITY ( LIB]ATION DOES NOT CON/ITUTE ITS REALITY4 ,ALONG ) ITS POSITIVE ASPECTS1 TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCE HAS A DI/9CTLY NEGATIVE1 SOCIALLY REGRESSIVE SIDE4 ,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS 5L>GES ! HI/ORICAL POT5TIALITY = FRE$OM1 IT IS ALSO TRUE ?AT ! B\RGEOIS CONTROL ( TE*NOLOGY RE9=CES ! E/ABLI%$ ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY & EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,TE*NOLOGY & ! RES\RCES ( ABUNDANCE FURNI% CAPITALISM ) ! MEANS = ASSIMILAT+ L>GE SECTIONS ( SOCIETY TO ! E/ABLI%$ SY/EM ( HI]>*Y & AU?ORITY4 ,!Y PROVIDE ! SY/EM ) ! WEAPONRY1 ! DETECT+ DEVICES & ! PROPAG&A M$IA = ! ?REAT AS WELL AS ! REALITY ( MASSIVE REPRESSION4 ,BY !IR C5TRALI/IC NATURE1 ! RES\RCES ( ABUNDANCE RE9=CE ! MONOPOLI/IC1 C5TRALI/IC & BUREAUCRATIC T5D5CIES 9 ! POLITICAL APP>ATUS4 ,9 %ORT1 !Y FURNI% ! /ATE ) HI/ORICALLY UNPREC$5T$ MEANS = MANIPULAT+ & MOBILIZ+ ! 5TIRE 5VIRONM5T ( LIFE--& = P]PETUAT+ HI]>*Y1 EXPLOITATION & UNFRE$OM4 

,IT MU/ BE EMPHASIZ$1 H[EV]1 ?AT ?IS MANIPULATION & MOBILIZATION ( ! 5VIRONM5T IS EXTREMELY PROBLEMATICAL & LAD5 ) CRISES4 ,F> FROM LEAD+ TO PACIFICATION 7ONE CAN H>DLY SPEAK1 H]E1 ( H>MONIZATION71 ! ATTEMPT ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY TO CONTROL & EXPLOIT ITS 5VIRONM5T1 NATURAL AS WELL AS SOCIAL1 HAS DEVA/AT+ CONSEQU5CES4 ,VOLUMES HAVE BE5 WRITT5 ON ! POLLUTION ( ! ATMOSPH]E & WAT]WAYS1 ON ! DE/RUCTION ( TREE COV] & SOIL1 & ON TOXIC MAT]IALS 9 FOODS & LIQUIDS4 ,EV5 MORE ?REAT5+ 9 !IR F9AL RESULTS >E ! POLLUTION & DE/RUCTION ( ! V]Y ECOLOGY REQUIR$ = A COMPLEX ORGANISM LIKE MAN4 ,! CONC5TRATION ( RADIOACTIVE WA/ES 9 LIV+ ?+S IS A M5ACE TO ! HEAL? & G5ETIC 5D[M5T ( NE>LY ALL SPECIES4 ,WORLDWIDE CONTAM9ATION BY PE/ICIDES ?AT 9HIBIT OXYG5 PRODUCTION 9 PLANKTON OR BY ! NE>-TOXIC LEVEL ( LEAD FROM GASOL9E EXHAU/ >E EXAMPLES ( AN 5DUR+ POLLUTION ?AT ?REAT5S ! BIOLOGICAL 9TEGRITY ( ALL ADVANC$ LIFE=MS--9CLUD+ MAN4 

,NO LESS AL>M+ IS ! FACT ?AT WE MU/ DRA/ICALLY REVISE \R TRADITIONAL NOTIONS ( :AT CON/ITUTES AN 5VIRONM5TAL POLLUTANT4 ,A FEW DECADES AGO IT W\LD HAVE BE5 ABSURD TO DESCRIBE C>BON DIOXIDE & HEAT AS POLLUTANTS 9 ! CU/OM>Y S5SE ( ! T]M4 ,YET BO? MAY WELL RANK AMONG ! MO/ S]I\S S\RCES ( FUTURE ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCE & MAY POSE MAJOR ?REATS TO ! VIABILITY ( ! PLANET4 ,AS A RESULT ( 9DU/RIAL & DOME/IC COMBU/ION ACTIVITIES1 ! QUANTITY ( C>BON DIOXIDE 9 ! ATMOSPH]E HAS 9CREAS$ BY R\<LY TW5TY-FIVE P]C5T 9 ! PA/ ONE HUNDR$ YE>S1 & MAY WELL D\BLE BY ! 5D ( ! C5TURY4 ,! FAM\S 0GRE5H\SE EFFECT0 :I* ! 9CREAS+ QUANTITY ( ! GAS IS EXPECT$ TO PRODUCE HAS BE5 WIDELY DISCUSS$ 9 ! M$IA2 EV5TUALLY1 IT IS SUPPOS$1 ! GAS WILL 9HIBIT ! DISSIPATION ( ! WORLD'S HEAT 9TO SPACE1 CAUS+ A RISE 9 OV]ALL TEMP]ATURES :I* WILL MELT ! POL> ICE CAPS & RESULT 9 ! 9UNDATION ( VA/ COA/AL >EAS4 ,!RMAL POLLUTION1 ! RESULT MA9LY ( W>M WAT] DIS*>G$ BY NUCLE> & CONV5TIONAL P[] PLANTS1 HAS HAD DISA/R\S EFFECTS ON ! ECOLOGY ( LAKES1 RIV]S & E/U>IES4 ,9CREASES 9 WAT] TEMP]ATURE NOT ONLY DAMAGE ! PHYSIOLOGICAL & REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES ( ! FI%1 !Y ALSO PROMOTE ! GREAT BLOOMS ( ALGAE ?AT HAVE BECOME SU* =MIDABLE PROBLEMS 9 WAT]WAYS4 

,ECOLOGICALLY1 B\RGEOIS EXPLOITATION & MANIPULATION >E UND]M9+ ! V]Y CAPACITY ( ! E>? TO SU/A9 ADVANC$ =MS ( LIFE4 ,! CRISIS IS BE+ HEI<T5$ BY MASSIVE 9CREASES 9 AIR & WAT] POLLUTION2 BY A M\NT+ ACCUMULATION ( NONDEGRADABLE WA/ES1 LEAD RESIDUES1 PE/ICIDE RESIDUES & TOXIC ADDITIVES 9 FOOD2 BY ! EXPANSION ( CITIES 9TO VA/ URBAN BELTS2 BY 9CREAS+ /RESSES DUE TO CONGE/ION1 NOISE & MASS LIV+2 & BY ! WANTON SC>R+ ( ! E>? AS A RESULT ( M9+ OP]ATIONS1 LUMB]+1 & REAL E/ATE SPECULATION4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! E>? HAS BE5 DESPOIL$ 9 A FEW DECADES ON A SCALE ?AT IS UNPREC$5T$ 9 ! 5TIRE HI/ORY ( HUMAN HABITATION ( ! PLANET4 ,SOCIALLY1 B\RGEOIS EXPLOITATION & MANIPULATION HAVE BR\<T EV]YDAY LIFE TO ! MO/ EXCRUCIAT+ PO9T ( VACUITY & BOR$OM4 ,AS SOCIETY HAS BE5 CONV]T$ 9TO A FACTORY & A M>KETPLACE1 ! V]Y RATIONALE ( LIFE HAS BE5 R$UC$ TO PRODUCTION = ITS [N SAKE--& CONSUMPTION = ITS [N SAKE4.<#a.> 

,! ,R,$,E,M,P,T,I,V,E ,D,I,A,L,E,C,T,I,C 

,IS !RE A R$EMPTIVE DIALECTIC ?AT CAN GUIDE ! SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T 9 ! DIRECTION ( AN AN>*IC SOCIETY :]E PEOPLE WILL ATTA9 FULL CONTROL OV] !IR DAILY LIVES8 ,OR DOES ! SOCIAL DIALECTIC COME TO AN 5D ) CAPITALISM1 ITS POSSIBILITIES SEAL$ (F BY ! USE ( A HI<LY ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGY = REPRESSIVE & CO-OPTATIVE PURPOSES8 ,WE MU/ LE>N H]E FROM ! LIMITS ( ,M>XISM1 A PROJECT :I*1 UND]/&ABLY 9 A P]IOD ( MAT]IAL SC>CITY1 AN*OR$ ! SOCIAL DIALECTIC & ! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM 9 ! ECONOMIC REALM4 ,M>X1 IT HAS BE5 EMPHASIZ$1 EXAM9$ ! PRECONDITIONS = LIB]ATION1 NOT ! CONDITIONS ( LIB]ATION4 ,! ,M>XIAN CRITIQUE IS ROOT$ 9 ! PA/1 9 ! ]A ( MAT]IAL WANT & RELATIVELY LIMIT$ TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,EV5 ITS HUMANI/IC !ORY ( ALI5ATION TURNS PRIM>ILY ON ! ISSUE ( WORK & MAN'S ALI5ATION FROM ! PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR4 ,TODAY1 H[EV]1 CAPITALISM IS A P>ASITE ON ! FUTURE1 A VAMPIRE ?AT SURVIVES ON ! TE*NOLOGY & RES\RCES ( FRE$OM4 

,! 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM ( ,M>X'S TIME ORGANIZ$ ITS COMMODITY RELATIONS >\ND A PREVAIL+ SY/EM ( MAT]IAL SC>CITY2 ! /ATE CAPITALISM ( \R TIME ORGANIZES ITS COMMODITY RELATIONS >\ND A PREVAIL+ SY/EM ( MAT]IAL ABUNDANCE4 ,A C5TURY AGO1 SC>CITY HAD TO BE 5DUR$2 TODAY1 IT HAS TO BE 5=C$--H5CE ! IMPORTANCE ( ! /ATE 9 ! PRES5T ]A4 ,IT IS NOT ?AT MOD]N CAPITALISM HAS RESOLV$ ITS CONTRADICTIONS.<#b.> & ANNULL$ ! SOCIAL DIALECTIC1 BUT RA!R ?AT ! SOCIAL DIALECTIC & ! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM HAVE EXP&$ FROM ! ECONOMIC TO ! HI]>*ICAL REALMS ( SOCIETY1 FROM ! AB/RACT 0HI/ORIC0 DOMA9 TO ! CONCRETE M9UTIAE ( EV]DAY EXP]I5CE1 FROM ! >5A ( SURVIVAL TO ! >5A ( LIFE4 

,! DIALECTIC ( BUREAUCRATIC /ATE CAPITALISM ORIG9ATES 9 ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! REPRESSIVE *>ACT] ( COMMODITY SOCIETY & ! 5ORM\S POT5TIAL FRE$OM OP5$ BY TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCE4 ,?IS CONTRADICTION ALSO OPPOSES ! EXPLOITATIVE ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY TO ! NATURAL WORLD--A WORLD ?AT 9CLUDES NOT ONLY ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T1 BUT ALSO MAN'S 0NATURE0--HIS ,]OS-D]IV$ IMPULSES4 ,! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! EXPLOITATIVE ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY & ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T IS BEYOND CO-OPTATION3 ! ATMOSPH]E1 ! WAT]WAYS1 ! SOIL & ! ECOLOGY REQUIR$ = HUMAN SURVIVAL >E NOT R$EEMABLE BY RE=MS1 CONCESSIONS1 OR MODIFICATIONS ( /RATEGIC POLICY4 ,!RE IS NO TE*NOLOGY ?AT CAN REPRODUCE ATMOSPH]IC OXYG5 9 SUFFICI5T QUANTITIES TO SU/A9 LIFE ON ?IS PLANET4 ,!RE IS NO SUB/ITUTE = ! HYDROLOGICAL SY/EMS ( ! E>?4 ,!RE IS NO TE*NIQUE = REMOV+ MASSIVE 5VIRONM5TAL POLLUTION BY RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES1 PE/ICIDES1 LEAD & PETROLEUM WA/ES4 ,NOR IS !RE ! FA9TE/ EVID5CE ?AT B\RGEOIS SOCIETY WILL REL5T AT ANY TIME 9 ! =ESEEABLE FUTURE 9 ITS DISRUPTION ( VITAL ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES1 9 ITS EXPLOITATION ( NATURAL RES\RCES1 9 ITS USE ( ! ATMOSPH]E & WAT]WAYS AS DUMP+ >EAS = WA/ES1 OR 9 ITS CANC]\S MODE ( URBANIZATION & L& ABUSE4 

,EV5 MORE IMM$IATE IS ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! EXPLOITATIVE ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY & MAN'S ,]OS-D]IV$ IMPULSES--A CONTRADICTION ?AT MANIFE/S ITSELF AS ! BANALIZATION & IMPOV]I%M5T ( EXP]I5CE 9 A BUREAUCRATICALLY MANIPULAT$1 IMP]SONAL MASS SOCIETY4 ,! ,]OS-D]IV$ IMPULSES 9 MAN CAN BE REPRESS$ & SUBLIMAT$1 BUT !Y CAN NEV] BE ELIM9AT$4 ,!Y >E R5EW$ ) EV]Y BIR? ( A HUMAN BE+ & ) EV]Y G5]ATION ( Y\?4 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ TODAY ?AT ! Y\NG1 MORE ?AN ANY ECONOMIC CLASS OR /RATUM1 >TICULATE ! LIFE-IMPULSES 9 HUMANITY'S NATURE--! URG+S ( DESIRE1 S5SU\SNESS1 & ! LURE ( ! M>VEL\S4 ,?US1 ! BIOLOGICAL MATRIX1 FROM :I* HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY EM]G$ AGES AGO1 REAPPE>S AT A NEW LEVEL ) ! ]A ?AT M>KS ! 5D ( HI]>*Y1 ONLY N[ ?IS MATRIX IS SATURAT$ ) SOCIAL PH5OM5A4 ,%ORT ( MANIPULAT+ HUMANITY'S G]MPLASM1 ! LIFE-IMPULSES CAN BE ANNULL$ ONLY ) ! ANNIHILATION ( MAN HIMSELF4 

,! CONTRADICTIONS )9 BUREAUCRATIC /ATE CAPITALISM P]MEATE ALL ! HI]>*ICAL =MS DEVELOP$ & OV]DEVELOP$ BY B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,! HI]>*ICAL =MS :I* NURTUR$ PROP]TI$ SOCIETY = AGES & PROMOT$ ITS DEVELOPM5T--! /ATE1 CITY1 C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMY1 BUREAUCRACY1 PATRI>*AL FAMILY1 & M>KETPLACE--HAVE REA*$ !IR HI/ORIC LIMITS4 ,!Y HAVE EXHAU/$ !IR SOCIAL FUNCTIONS AS MODES ( /ABILIZATION4 ,IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( :E!R !SE HI]>*ICAL =MS W]E EV] 0PROGRESSIVE0 9 ! ,M>XIAN S5SE ( ! T]M4 ,AS ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM HAS OBS]V$3 0,P]HAPS IT ISN'T 5\< TO SAY ?AT HI]>*ICAL P[] HAS PRES]V$ HUMANITY = ?\S&S ( YE>S AS ALCOHOL PRES]VES A FETUS1 BY >RE/+ EI!R GR[? OR DECAY40 ,TODAY !SE =MS CON/ITUTE ! T>GET ( ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES ?AT >E G5]AT$ BY MOD]N CAPITALISM1 & :E!R ONE SEES !IR \TCOME AS NUCLE> CATA/ROPHE OR ECOLOGICAL DISA/] !Y N[ ?REAT5 ! V]Y SURVIVAL ( HUMANITY4 

,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( HI]>*ICAL =MS 9TO A ?REAT TO ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( HUMANITY1 ! SOCIAL DIALECTIC1 F> FROM BE+ ANNULL$1 ACQUIRES A NEW DIM5SION4 ,IT POSES ! 0SOCIAL QUE/ION0 9 AN 5TIRELY NEW WAY4 ,IF MAN HAD TO ACQUIRE ! CONDITIONS ( SURVIVAL 9 ORD] TO LIVE 7AS ,M>X EMPHASIZ$71 N[ HE MU/ ACQUIRE ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 ,BY ?IS 9V]SION ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 SURVIVAL & LIFE1 REVOLUTION ACQUIRES A NEW S5SE ( URG5CY4 ,NO LONG] >E WE FAC$ ) ,M>X'S FAM\S *OICE ( SOCIALISM OR B>B>ISM2 WE >E CONFRONT$ ) ! MORE DRA/IC ALT]NATIVES ( AN>*ISM OR ANNIHILATION4 ,! PROBLEMS ( NECESSITY & SURVIVAL HAVE BECOME CONGRU5T ) ! PROBLEMS ( FRE$OM & LIFE4 ,!Y CEASE TO REQUIRE ANY !ORETICAL M$IATION1 0TRANSITIONAL0 /AGES1 OR C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATIONS TO BRIDGE ! GAP BETWE5 ! EXI/+ & ! POSSIBLE4 ,! POSSIBLE1 9 FACT1 IS ALL ?AT CAN EXI/4 ,H5CE1 ! PROBLEMS ( 0TRANSITION10 :I* OCCUPI$ ! ,M>XI/S = NE>LY A C5TURY1 >E ELIM9AT$ NOT ONLY BY ! ADVANCE ( TE*NOLOGY1 BUT BY ! SOCIAL DIALECTIC ITSELF4 ,! PROBLEMS ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION HAVE BE5 R$UC$ TO PRACTICAL TASKS ?AT CAN BE SOLV$ SPONTANE\SLY BY SELF-LIB]ATORY ACTS ( SOCIETY4 

,REVOLUTION1 9 FACT1 ACQUIRES NOT ONLY A NEW S5SE ( URG5CY1 BUT A NEW S5SE ( PROMISE4 ,9 ! HIPPIES' TRIBALISM1 9 ! DROP-\T LIFE/YLES & FREE SEXUALITY ( MILLIONS ( Y\?1 9 ! SPONTANE\S AFF9ITY GR\PS ( ! AN>*I/S1 WE F9D =MS ( AFFIRMATION ?AT FOLL[ FROM ACTS ( NEGATION4 ,) ! 9V]SION ( ! 0SOCIAL QUE/ION0 !RE IS ALSO AN 9V]SION ( ! SOCIAL DIALECTIC2 A 0YEA0 EM]GES AUTOMATICALLY & SIMULTANE\SLY ) A 0NAY40 

,! SOLUTIONS TAKE !IR PO9T ( DEP>TURE FROM ! PROBLEMS4 ,:5 ! TIME HAS >RIV$ 9 HI/ORY ?AT ! /ATE1 ! CITY1 BUREAUCRACY1 ! C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMY1 ! PATRI>*AL FAMILY & ! M>KETPLACE HAVE REA*$ !IR HI/ORIC LIMITS1 :AT IS POS$ IS NO LONG] A *ANGE 9 =M BUT ! ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( ALL HI]>*ICAL =MS AS SU*4 ,! ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( ! /ATE IS AN>*ISM--A SITUATION 9 :I* M5 LIB]ATE NOT ONLY 0HI/ORY10 BUT ALL ! IMM$IATE CIRCUM/ANCES ( !IR EV]YDAY LIVES4 ,! ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( ! CITY IS COMMUNITY-- A COMMUNITY 9 :I* ! SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T IS DEC5TRALIZ$ 9TO R\ND$1 ECOLOGICALLY BALANC$ COMMUNES4 ,! ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( BUREAUCRACY IS IMM$IATE AS DI/+UI%$ FROM M$IAT$ RELATIONS--A SITUATION 9 :I* REPRES5TATION IS REPLAC$ BY FACE-TO-FACE RELATIONS 9 A G5]AL ASSEMBLY ( FREE 9DIVIDUALS4 ,! ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( ! C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMY IS REGIONAL ECOTE*NOLOGY-- A SITUATION 9 :I* ! 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION >E MOLD$ TO ! RES\RCES ( AN ECOSY/EM4 ,! ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( ! PATRI>*AL FAMILY IS LIB]AT$ SEXUALITY--9 :I* ALL =MS ( SEXUAL REGULATION >E TRANSC5D$ BY ! SPONTANE\S1 UNTRAMMEL$ EXPRESSION ( ]OTICISM AMONG EQUALS4 ,! ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( ! M>KETPLACE IS COMMUNISM--9 :I* COLLECTIVE ABUNDANCE & COOP]ATION TRANS=M LABOR 9TO PLAY & NE$ 9TO DESIRE4 

,S,P,O,N,T,A,N,E,I,T,Y ,& ,U,T,O,P,I,A 

,IT IS NOT ACCID5TAL ?AT AT A PO9T 9 HI/ORY :5 HI]>*ICAL P[] & MANIPULATION HAVE REA*$ !IR MO/ ?REAT5+ PROPORTIONS1 ! V]Y CONCEPTS ( HI]>*Y1 P[] & MANIPULATION >E BE+ BR\<T 9TO QUE/ION4 ,! *ALL5GE TO !SE CONCEPTS COMES FROM A R$ISCOV]Y ( ! IMPORTANCE ( SPONTANEITY--A R$ISCOV]Y N\RI%$ BY ECOLOGY1 BY A HEI<T5$ CONCEPTION ( SELF-DEVELOPM5T1 & BY A NEW UND]/&+ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS 9 SOCIETY4 

,:AT ECOLOGY HAS %[N IS ?AT BALANCE 9 NATURE IS A*IEV$ BY ORGANIC V>IATION & COMPLEXITY1 NOT BY HOMOG5EITY & SIMPLIFICATION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! MORE V>I$ ! FLORA & FAUNA ( AN ECOSY/EM1 ! MORE /ABLE ! POPULATION ( A POT5TIAL PE/4 ,! MORE 5VIRONM5TAL DIV]SITY IS DIM9I%$1 ! GREAT] WILL ! POPULATION ( A POT5TIAL PE/ FLUCTUATE1 ) ! PROBABILITY ?AT IT WILL GET \T ( CONTROL4 ,LEFT TO ITSELF1 AN ECOSY/EM T5DS SPONTANE\SLY T[>D ORGANIC DIFF]5TIATION1 GREAT] V>IETY ( FLORA & FAUNA1 & DIV]SITY 9 ! NUMB] ( PREY & PR$ATORS4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT 9T]F]5CE BY MAN MU/ BE AVOID$4 ,! NE$ = A PRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURE--ITSELF A =M ( 9T]F]5CE ) NATURE--MU/ ALWAYS REMA9 9 ! =EGR\ND ( AN ECOLOGICAL APPROA* TO FOOD CULTIVATION & =E/ MANAGEM5T4 ,NO LESS IMPORTANT IS ! FACT ?AT MAN CAN (T5 PRODUCE *ANGES 9 AN ECOSY/EM ?AT W\LD VA/LY IMPROVE ITS ECOLOGICAL QUALITY4 

,BUT !SE EF=TS REQUIRE 9SI<T & UND]/&+1 NOT ! EX]CISE ( BRUTE P[] & MANIPULATION4 

,?IS CONCEPT ( MANAGEM5T1 ?IS NEW REG>D = ! IMPORTANCE ( SPONTANEITY1 HAS F>-REA*+ APPLICATIONS = TE*NOLOGY & COMMUNITY--9DE$1 = ! SOCIAL IMAGE ( MAN 9 A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY4 ,IT *ALL5GES ! CAPITALI/ IDEAL ( AGRICULTURE AS A FACTORY OP]ATION1 ORGANIZ$ >\ND IMM5SE1 C5TRALLY CONTROLL$ L&-HOLD+S1 HI<LY SPECIALIZ$ =MS ( MONOCULTURE1 ! R$UCTION ( ! T]RA9 TO A FACTORY FLOOR1 ! SUB/ITUTION ( *EMICAL = ORGANIC PROCESSES1 ! USE ( GANG-LABOR1 ETC4 ,IF FOOD CULTIVATION IS TO BE A MODE ( COOP]ATION ) NATURE RA!R ?AN A CONTE/ BETWE5 OPPON5TS1 ! AGRICULTURI/ MU/ BECOME ?OR\<LY FAMILI> ) ! ECOLOGY ( ! L&2 HE MU/ ACQUIRE A NEW S5SITIVITY TO ITS NE$S & POSSIBILITIES4 ,?IS PRESUPPOSES ! R$UCTION ( AGRICULTURE TO A HUMAN SCALE1 ! RE/ORATION ( MOD]ATE-SIZ$ AGRICULTURAL UNITS1 & ! DIV]SIFICATION ( ! AGRICULTURAL SITUATION2 9 %ORT1 IT PRESUPPOSES A DEC5TRALIZ$1 ECOLOGICAL SY/EM ( FOOD CULTIVATION4 

,! SAME REASON+ APPLIES TO POLLUTION CONTROL4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( GIANT FACTORY COMPLEXES & ! USE ( S+LE OR DUAL-5]GY S\RCES >E RESPONSIBLE = ATMOSPH]IC POLLUTION4 ,ONLY BY DEVELOP+ SMALL] 9DU/RIAL UNITS & DIV]SIFY+ 5]GY S\RCES BY ! EXT5SIVE USE ( CLEAN P[] 7SOL>1 W9D & WAT] P[]7 WILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO R$UCE 9DU/RIAL POLLUTION4 ,! MEANS = ?IS RADICAL TE*NOLOGICAL *ANGE >E N[ AT H&4 ,TE*NOLOGI/S HAVE DEVELOP$ M9IATURIZ$ SUB/ITUTES = L>GE-SCALE 9DU/RIAL OP]ATION--SMALL V]SATILE MA*9ES & SOPHI/ICAT$ ME?ODS = CONV]T+ SOL>1 W9D & WAT] 5]GY 9TO P[] USABLE 9 9DU/RY & ! HOME4 ,!SE SUB/ITUTES >E (T5 MORE PRODUCTIVE & LESS WA/EFUL ?AN ! L>GE-SCALE FACILITIES ?AT EXI/ TODAY4.<#c.> 

,! IMPLICATIONS ( SMALL-SCALE AGRICULTURE & 9DU/RY = A COMMUNITY >E OBVI\S3 IF HUMANITY IS TO USE ! PR9CIPLES NE$$ TO MANAGE AN ECOSY/EM1 ! BASIC COMMUNAL UNIT ( SOCIAL LIFE MU/ ITSELF BECOME AN ECOSY/EM--AN ECOCOMMUNITY4 ,IT TOO MU/ BECOME DIV]SIFI$1 BALANC$ & WELL-R\ND$4 ,BY NO MEANS IS ?IS CONCEPT ( COMMUNITY MOTIVAT$ EXCLUSIVELY BY ! NE$ = A LA/+ BALANCE BETWE5 MAN & ! NATURAL WORLD2 IT ALSO ACCORDS ) ! ,UTOPIAN IDEAL ( ! R\ND$ MAN1 ! 9DIVIDUAL :OSE S5SIBILITIES1 RANGE ( EXP]I5CE & LIFE/YLE >E N\RI%$ BY A WIDE RANGE ( /IMULI1 BY A DIV]SITY ( ACTIVITIES1 & BY A SOCIAL SCALE ?AT ALWAYS REMA9S )9 ! COMPREH5SION ( A S+LE HUMAN BE+4 ,?US ! MEANS & CONDITIONS ( SURVIVAL BECOME ! MEANS & CONDITIONS ( LIFE2 NE$ BECOMES DESIRE & DESIRE BECOMES NE$4 ,! PO9T IS REA*$ :]E ! GREATE/ SOCIAL DECOMPOSITION PROVIDES ! S\RCE ( ! HI<E/ =M ( SOCIAL 9TEGRATION1 BR++ ! MO/ PRESS+ ECOLOGICAL NECESSITIES 9TO A COMMON FOCUS ) ! HI<E/ ,UTOPIAN IDEALS4 

,IF IT IS TRUE1 AS ,GUY ,DEBORD OBS]VES1 ?AT 0DAILY LIFE IS ! MEASURE ( EV]Y?+3 ( ! FULFILLM5T OR RA!R ! NON-FULFILLM5T ( HUMAN RELATION%IPS1 ( ! USE WE MAKE ( \R TIME10 A QUE/ION >ISES3 ,:O >E 0WE :OSE DAILY LIVES >E TO BE FULFILL$8 ,& H[ DOES ! LIB]AT$ SELF EM]GE ?AT IS CAPABLE ( TURN+ TIME 9TO LIFE1 SPACE 9TO COMMUNITY1 & HUMAN RELATION%IPS 9TO ! M>VEL\S8 ,! LIB]ATION ( ! SELF 9VOLVES1 ABOVE ALL1 A SOCIAL PROCESS4 ,9 A SOCIETY ?AT HAS %RIVEL$ ! SELF 9TO A COMMODITY--9TO AN OBJECT MANUFACTUR$ = EX*ANGE--!RE CAN BE NO FULFILL$ SELF4 ,!RE CAN ONLY BE ! BEG9N+S ( SELFHOOD1 ! EM]G5CE ( A SELF ?AT SEEKS FULFILLM5T--A SELF ?AT IS L>GELY DEF9$ BY ! OB/ACLES IT MU/ OV]COME TO A*IEVE REALIZATION4 ,9 A SOCIETY :OSE BELLY IS DI/5D$ TO ! BUR/+ PO9T ) REVOLUTION1 :OSE *RONIC /ATE IS AN UN5D+ S]IES ( LABOR PA9S1 :OSE REAL CONDITION IS A M\NT+ EM]G5CY1 ONLY ONE ?\<T & ACT IS RELEVANT--GIV+ BIR?4 ,ANY 5VIRONM5T1 PRIVATE OR SOCIAL1 ?AT DOES NOT MAKE ?IS FACT ! C5T] ( HUMAN EXP]I5CE IS A %AM & DIM9I%ES :ATEV] SELF REMA9S TO US AFT] WE HAVE ABSORB$ \R DAILY POISON ( EV]YDAY LIFE 9 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 

,IT IS PLA9 ?AT ! GOAL ( REVOLUTION TODAY MU/ BE ! LIB]ATION ( DAILY LIFE4 ,ANY REVOLUTION ?AT FAILS TO A*IEVE ?IS GOAL IS C\NT]REVOLUTION4 ,ABOVE ALL1 IT IS WE :O HAVE TO BE LIB]AT$1 \R DAILY LIVES1 ) ALL !IR MOM5TS1 H\RS & DAYS1 & NOT UNIV]SALS LIKE 0,HI/ORY0 & 0,SOCIETY40.<#d.> 

,! SELF MU/ ALWAYS BE ID5TIFIABLE 9 ! REVOLUTION1 NOT OV]:ELM$ BY IT4 ,! SELF MU/ ALWAYS BE P]CEIVABLE 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS1 NOT SUBM]G$ BY IT4 ,!RE IS NO WORD ?AT IS MORE S9I/] 9 ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 VOCABUL>Y ?AN 0MASSES40 ,REVOLUTION>Y LIB]ATION MU/ BE A SELF-LIB]ATION ?AT REA*ES SOCIAL DIM5SIONS1 NOT 0MASS LIB]ATION0 OR 0CLASS LIB]ATION0 BEH9D :I* LURKS ! RULE ( AN ELITE1 A HI]>*Y & A /ATE4 ,IF A REVOLUTION FAILS TO PRODUCE A NEW SOCIETY BY ! SELF-ACTIVITY & SELF-MOBILIZATION ( REVOLUTION>IES1 IF IT DOES NOT 9VOLVE ! =G+ ( A SELF 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS1 ! REVOLUTION WILL ONCE AGA9 CIRCUMV5T ?OSE :OSE LIVES >E TO BE LIV$ EV]Y DAY & LEAVE DAILY LIFE UNAFFECT$4 ,\T ( ! REVOLUTION MU/ EM]GE A SELF ?AT TAKES FULL POSSESSION ( DAILY LIFE1 NOT A DAILY LIFE ?AT ONCE AGA9 TAKES FULL POSSESSION ( ! SELF4 ,! MO/ ADVANC$ =M ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS ?US BECOMES SELF-CONSCI\SNESS--! CONCRETIZATION 9 DAILY LIFE ( ! GREAT LIB]AT+ UNIV]SALS4 

,IF = ?IS REASON ALONE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T IS PR(\NDLY CONC]N$ ) LIFE/YLE4 ,IT MU/ TRY TO LIVE ! REVOLUTION 9 ALL ITS TOTALITY1 NOT ONLY P>TICIPATE 9 IT4 ,IT MU/ BE DEEPLY CONC]N$ ) ! WAY ! REVOLUTIONI/ LIVES1 HIS RELATIONS ) ! SURR\ND+ 5VIRONM5T1 & HIS DEGREE ( SELF-EMANCIPATION4 ,9 SEEK+ TO *ANGE SOCIETY1 ! REVOLUTIONI/ CANNOT AVOID *ANGES 9 HIMSELF ?AT DEM& ! RECONQUE/ ( HIS [N BE+4 ,LIKE ! MOVEM5T 9 :I* HE P>TICIPATES1 ! REVOLUTIONI/ MU/ TRY TO REFLECT ! CONDITIONS ( ! SOCIETY HE IS TRY+ TO A*IEVE--AT LEA/ TO ! DEGREE ?AT ?IS IS POSSIBLE TODAY4 

,! TREA*]IES & FAILURES ( ! PA/ HALF C5TURY HAVE MADE IT AXIOMATIC ?AT !RE CAN BE NO SEP>ATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y GOAL4 ,A SOCIETY :OSE FUNDAM5TAL AIM IS SELF-ADM9I/RATION 9 ALL FACETS ( LIFE CAN BE A*IEV$ ONLY BY SELF-ACTIVITY4 ,?IS IMPLIES A MODE ( ADM9I/RATION ?AT IS ALWAYS POSSESS$ BY ! SELF4 ,! P[] ( MAN OV] MAN CAN BE DE/ROY$ ONLY BY ! V]Y PROCESS 9 :I* MAN ACQUIRES P[] OV] HIS [N LIFE & 9 :I* HE NOT ONLY 0DISCOV]S0 HIMSELF BUT1 MORE MEAN+FULLY1 9 :I* HE =MULATES HIS SELFHOOD 9 ALL ITS SOCIAL DIM5SIONS4 

,A LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY CAN BE A*IEV$ ONLY BY A LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,FRE$OM CANNOT BE 0DELIV]$0 TO ! 9DIVIDUAL AS ! 05D-PRODUCT0 ( A 0REVOLUTION02 ! ASSEMBLY & COMMUNITY CANNOT BE LEGISLAT$ OR DECRE$ 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,A REVOLUTION>Y GR\P CAN SEEK1 PURPOSIVELY & CONSCI\SLY1 TO PROMOTE ! CREATION ( !SE =MS1 BUT IF ASSEMBLY & COMMUNITY >E NOT ALL[$ TO EM]GE ORGANICALLY1 IF !IR GR[? IS NOT MATUR$ BY ! PROCESS ( DEMASSIFICATION1 BY SELF-ACTIVITY & BY SELF-REALIZATION1 !Y WILL REMA9 NO?+ BUT =MS1 LIKE ! ,SOVIETS 9 PO/REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA4 ,ASSEMBLY & COMMUNITY MU/ >ISE )9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS2 9DE$1 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS MU/ BE ! =MATION ( ASSEMBLY & COMMUNITY1 & ALSO ! DE/RUCTION ( P[]1 PROP]TY1 HI]>*Y & EXPLOITATION4 

,REVOLUTION AS SELF-ACTIVITY IS NOT UNIQUE TO \R TIME4 ,IT IS ! P>AM\NT FEATURE ( ALL ! GREAT REVOLUTIONS 9 MOD]N HI/ORY4 ,IT M>K$ ! J\RNEES ( ! SANSCULOTTES 9 #agib & #a#g#i#c1 ! FAM\S 0,FIVE ,DAYS0 ( ,FEBRU>Y #aiag 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ! UPRIS+ ( ! ,B>CELONA PROLET>IAT 9 #a#i#c#f1 ! E>LY DAYS ( ! ,HUNG>IAN ,REVOLUTION 9 #a#i#e#f1 & ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS 9 ,P>IS 9 #a#i#f#h4 ,NE>LY EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+ 9 ! HI/ORY ( \R TIME HAS BE5 9ITIAT$ SPONTANE\SLY BY ! SELF-ACTIVITY ( 0MASSES0--(T5 9 FLAT DEFIANCE ( ! HESITANT POLICIES ADVANC$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS4 ,EV]Y ONE ( !SE REVOLUTIONS HAS BE5 M>K$ BY EXTRAORD9>Y 9DIVIDUATION1 BY A JOY\SNESS & SOLID>ITY ?AT TURN$ EV]YDAY LIFE 9TO A FE/IVAL4 ,?IS SURREAL DIM5SION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS1 ) ITS EXPLOSION ( DEEP-SEAT$ LIBID9AL =CES1 GR9S IRASCIBLY ?R\< ! PAGES ( HI/ORY LIKE ! FACE ( A SATYR ON %IMM]+ WAT]4 ,IT IS NOT )\T REASON ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK COMMISS>S SMA%$ ! W9E BOTTLES 9 ! ,W9T] ,PALACE ON ! NI<T ( ,NOVEMB] #g1 #a#i#a#g4 

,! PURITANISM & WORK E?IC ( ! TRADITIONAL LEFT /EM FROM ONE ( ! MO/ P[]FUL =CES OPPOS+ REVOLUTION TODAY--! CAPACITY ( ! B\RGEOIS 5VIRONM5T TO 9FILTRATE ! REVOLUTION>Y FRAMEWORK4 ,! ORIG9S ( ?IS P[] LIE 9 ! COMMODITY NATURE ( MAN UND] CAPITALISM1 A QUALITY ?AT IS ALMO/ AUTOMATICALLY TRANSF]R$ TO ! ORGANIZ$ GR\P--& :I* ! GR\P1 9 TURN1 RE9=CES 9 ITS MEMB]S4 ,AS ! LATE ,JOSEF ,WEB] EMPHASIZ$1 ALL ORGANIZ$ GR\PS 0HAVE ! T5D5CY TO R5D] !MSELVES AUTONOM\S1 I4E41 TO ALI5ATE !MSELVES FROM !IR ORIG9AL AIM & TO BECOME AN 5D 9 !MSELVES 9 ! H&S ( ?OSE ADM9I/]+ !M40 ,?IS PH5OM5ON IS AS TRUE ( REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS AS IT IS ( /ATE & SEMI-/ATE 9/ITUTIONS1 (FICIAL P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS4 

,! PROBLEM ( ALI5ATION CAN NEV] BE COMPLETELY RESOLV$ AP>T FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS ITSELF1 BUT IT CAN BE GU>D$ AGA9/ BY AN ACUTE AW>5ESS ?AT ! PROBLEM EXI/S1 & P>TLY SOLV$ BY A VOLUNT>Y BUT DRA/IC REMAK+ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y & HIS GR\P4 ,?IS REMAK+ CAN ONLY BEG9 :5 ! REVOLUTION>Y GR\P RECOGNIZES ?AT IT IS A CATALY/ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS1 NOT A 0VANGU>D40 ,! REVOLUTION>Y GR\P MU/ CLE>LY SEE ?AT ITS GOAL IS NOT ! SEIZURE ( P[] BUT ! DISSOLUTION ( P[]--9DE$1 IT MU/ SEE ?AT ! 5TIRE PROBLEM ( P[]1 ( CONTROL FROM BEL[ & CONTROL FROM ABOVE1 CAN BE SOLV$ ONLY IF !RE IS NO ABOVE OR BEL[4 

,ABOVE ALL1 ! REVOLUTION>Y GR\P MU/ DIVE/ ITSELF ( ! =MS ( P[]--/ATUTES1 HI]>*IES1 PROP]TY1 PRESCRIB$ OP9IONS1 FETI%ES1 P>APH]NALIA1 (FICIAL ETIQUETTE--& ( ! SUBTLE/ AS WELL AS ! MO/ OBVI\S ( BUREAUCRATIC & B\RGEOIS TRAITS ?AT CONSCI\SLY & UNCONSCI\SLY RE9=CE AU?ORITY & HI]>*Y4 ,! GR\P MU/ REMA9 OP5 TO PUBLIC SCRUT9Y NOT ONLY 9 ITS =MULAT$ DECISIONS BUT ALSO 9 !IR V]Y =MULATION4 ,IT MU/ BE COH]5T 9 ! PR(\ND S5SE ?AT ITS !ORY IS ITS PRACTICE & ITS PRACTICE ITS !ORY4 ,IT MU/ DO AWAY ) ALL COMMODITY RELATIONS 9 ITS DAY-TO-DAY EXI/5CE & CON/ITUTE ITSELF ALONG ! DEC5TRALIZ+ ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES ( ! V]Y SOCIETY IT SEEKS TO A*IEVE--COMMUNITY1 ASSEMBLY1 SPONTANEITY4 ,IT MU/1 9 ,JOSEF ,WEB]'S SUP]B WORDS1 BE 0M>K$ ALWAYS BY SIMPLICITY & CL>ITY1 ALWAYS ?\S&S ( UNPREP>$ PEOPLE CAN 5T] & DIRECT IT1 ALWAYS IT REMA9S TRANSP>5T TO & CONTROLL$ BY ALL40 ,ONLY !N1 :5 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T IS CONGRU5T ) ! DEC5TRALIZ$ COMMUNITY IT SEEKS TO A*IEVE1 CAN IT AVOID BECOM+ ANO!R ELITI/ OB/ACLE TO ! SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T & DISSOLVE 9TO ! REVOLUTION LIKE SURGICAL ?READ 9TO A HEAL+ W\ND4 

,P,R,O,S,P,E,C,T 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT PROCESS GO+ ON 9 ,AM]ICA TODAY IS ! SWEEP+ DE-9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( ! B\RGEOIS SOCIAL /RUCTURE4 ,A BASIC1 F>-REA*+ DISRESPECT & A PR(\ND DISLOYALTY >E DEVELOP+ T[>D ! VALUES1 ! =MS1 ! ASPIRATIONS &1 ABOVE ALL1 ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 ,ON A SCALE UNPREC$5T$ 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY1 MILLIONS ( PEOPLE >E %$D+ !IR COMMITM5T TO ! SOCIETY 9 :I* !Y LIVE4 ,!Y NO LONG] BELIEVE 9 ITS CLAIMS4 ,!Y NO LONG] RESPECT ITS SYMBOLS4 ,!Y NO LONG] ACCEPT ITS GOALS1 &1 MO/ SIGNIFICANTLY1 !Y REFUSE ALMO/ 9TUITIVELY TO LIVE BY ITS 9/ITUTIONAL & SOCIAL CODES4 ,?IS GR[+ REFUSAL RUNS V]Y DEEP4 ,IT EXT5DS FROM AN OPPOSITION TO W> 9TO A HATR$ ( POLITICAL MANIPULATION 9 ALL ITS =MS4 ,/>T+ FROM A REJECTION ( RACISM1 IT BR+S 9TO QUE/ION ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( HI]>*ICAL P[] AS SU*4 ,9 ITS DETE/ATION ( MIDDLE-CLASS VALUES & LIFE/YLES IT RAPIDLY EVOLVES 9TO A REJECTION ( ! COMMODITY SY/EM2 FROM AN IRRITATION ) 5VIRONM5TAL POLLUTION1 IT PASSES 9TO A REJECTION ( ! ,AM]ICAN CITY & MOD]N URBANISM4 ,9 %ORT1 IT T5DS TO TRANSC5D EV]Y P>TICUL>I/IC CRITIQUE ( ! SOCIETY & TO EVOLVE 9TO A G5]ALIZ$ OPPOSITION TO ! B\RGEOIS ORD] ON AN EV] BROAD5+ SCALE4 

,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ! P]IOD 9 :I* WE LIVE CLOSELY RESEMBLES ! REVOLUTION>Y ,5LI<T5M5T ?AT SWEPT ?R\< ,FRANCE 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY--A P]IOD ?AT COMPLETELY REWORK$ ,FR5* CONSCI\SNESS & PREP>$ ! CONDITIONS = ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION ( #a#g#h#i4 ,!N AS N[1 ! OLD 9/ITUTIONS W]E SL[LY PULV]IZ$ BY MOLECUL> ACTION FROM BEL[ LONG BE=E !Y W]E TOPPL$ BY MASS REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,?IS MOLECUL> MOVEM5T CREATES AN ATMOSPH]E ( G5]AL LAWLESSNESS3 A GR[+ P]SONAL DAY-TO-DAY DISOB$I5CE1 A T5D5CY NOT TO 0GO ALONG0 ) ! EXI/+ SY/EM1 A SEEM+LY 0PETTY0 BUT NEV]!LESS CRITICAL ATTEMPT TO CIRCUMV5T RE/RICTION 9 EV]Y FACET ( DAILY LIFE4 ,! SOCIETY1 9 EFFECT1 BECOMES DISORD]LY1 UNDISCIPL9$1 ,DIONYSIAN--A CONDITION ?AT REVEALS ITSELF MO/ DRAMATICALLY 9 AN 9CREAS+ RATE ( (FICIAL CRIMES4 ,A VA/ CRITIQUE ( ! SY/EM DEVELOPS--! ACTUAL ,5LI<T5M5T ITSELF1 TWO C5TURIES AGO1 & ! SWEEP+ CRITIQUE ?AT EXI/S TODAY--:I* SEEPS D[NW>D & ACCEL]ATES ! MOLECUL> MOVEM5T AT ! BASE4 ,BE IT AN ANGRY GE/URE1 A 0RIOT0 OR A CONSCI\S *ANGE 9 LIFE/YLE1 AN EV]-9CREAS+ NUMB] ( PEOPLE--:O HAVE NO MORE ( A COMMITM5T TO AN ORGANIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?AN !Y HAVE TO SOCIETY ITSELF--BEG9 SPONTANE\SLY TO 5GAGE 9 !IR [N DEFIANT PROPAG&A ( ! DE$4 

,9 ITS CONCRETE DETAILS1 ! DIS9TEGRAT+ SOCIAL PROCESS IS N\RI%$ BY MANY S\RCES4 ,! PROCESS DEVELOPS ) ALL ! UNEV5NESS1 9DE$ ) ALL ! CONTRADICTIONS1 ?AT M>K EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y TR5D4 ,9 EI<TE5? C5TURY ,FRANCE1 RADICAL IDEOLOGY OSCILLAT$ BETWE5 A RIGID SCI5TISM & A SLOPPY ROMANTICISM4 ,NOTIONS ( FRE$OM W]E AN*OR$ 9 A PRECISE1 LOGICAL IDEAL ( SELF-CONTROL1 & ALSO A VAGUE1 9/9CTIVE NORM ( SPONTANEITY4 ,R\SSEAU /OOD AT ODDS ) D',HOLBA*1 ,DID]OT AT ODDS ) ,VOLTAIRE1 YET 9 RETROSPECT WE CAN SEE ?AT ONE NOT ONLY TRANSC5D$ BUT ALSO PRESUPPOS$ ! O!R 9 A CUMULATIVE DEVELOPM5T T[>D REVOLUTION4 

,! SAME UNEV51 CONTRADICTORY & CUMULATIVE DEVELOPM5T EXI/S TODAY1 & 9 MANY CASES IT FOLL[S A REM>KABLY DIRECT C\RSE4 ,! 0BEAT0 MOVEM5T CREAT$ ! MO/ IMPORTANT BREA* 9 ! SOLID1 MIDDLE-CLASS VALUES ( ! #a#i#eS1 A BREA* ?AT WAS WID5$ 5ORM\SLY BY ! ILLEGALITIES ( PACIFI/S1 CIVIL-RI<TS WORK]S1 DRAFT RESI/]S & LON<AIRS4 ,MOREOV]1 ! M]ELY REACTIVE RESPONSE ( REBELLI\S ,AM]ICAN Y\? HAS PRODUC$ 9VALUABLE =MS ( LIB]T>IAN & ,UTOPIAN AFFIRMATION--! RI<T TO MAKE LOVE )\T RE/RICTION1 ! GOAL ( COMMUNITY1 ! DISAV[AL ( MONEY & COMMODITIES1 ! BELIEF 9 MUTUAL AID1 & A NEW RESPECT = SPONTANEITY4 ,EASY AS IT IS = REVOLUTION>IES TO CRITICIZE C]TA9 PITFALLS )9 ?IS ORI5TATION ( P]SONAL & SOCIAL VALUES1 ! FACT REMA9S ?AT IT HAS PLAY$ A PREP>ATORY ROLE ( DECISIVE IMPORTANCE 9 =M+ ! PRES5T ATMOSPH]E ( 9DISCIPL9E1 SPONTANEITY1 RADICALISM & FRE$OM4 

,A SECOND P>ALLEL BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>Y ,5LI<T5M5T & \R [N P]IOD IS ! EM]G5CE ( ! CR[D1 ! SO-CALL$ 0MOB10 AS A MAJOR VEHICLE ( SOCIAL PROTE/4 ,! TYPICAL 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ =MS ( PUBLIC DISSATISFACTION--9 \R [N DAY1 !Y >E ORD]LY ELECTIONS1 DEMON/RATION & MASS MEET+S--T5D TO GIVE WAY TO DIRECT ACTION BY CR[DS4 ,?IS %IFT FROM PR$ICTABLE1 HI<LY ORGANIZ$ PROTE/S )9 ! 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ FRAMEWORK ( ! EXI/+ SOCIETY TO SPORADIC1 SPONTANE\S1 NE>-9SURRECTION>Y ASSAULTS FROM \TSIDE 7& EV5 AGA9/7 SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE =MS REFLECTS A PR(\ND *ANGE 9 POPUL> PSY*OLOGY4 ,! 0RIOT]0 HAS BEGUN TO BREAK1 H[EV] P>TIALLY & 9TUITIVELY1 ) ?OSE DEEP-SEAT$ NORMS ( BEHAVIOR :I* TRADITIONALLY WELD ! 0MASSES0 TO ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 ,HE ACTIVELY %$S ! 9T]NALIZ$ /RUCTURE ( AU?ORITY1 ! LONG-CULTIVAT$ BODY ( CONDITION$ REFLEXES1 & ! PATT]N ( SUBMISSION SU/A9$ BY GUILT ?AT TIE ONE TO ! SY/EM EV5 MORE EFFECTIVELY ?AN ANY FE> ( POLICE VIOL5CE & JURIDICAL REPRISAL4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! VIEWS ( SOCIAL PSY*OLOGI/S1 :O SEE 9 !SE MODES ( DIRECT ACTION ! SUBMISSION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO A T]RIFY+ COLLECTIVE 5TITY CALL$ ! 0MOB10 ! TRU? IS ?AT 0RIOTS0 & CR[D ACTIONS REPRES5T ! FIR/ GROP+S ( ! MASS T[>D 9DIVIDUATION4 ,! MASS T5DS TO BECOME DEMASSIFI$ 9 ! S5SE ?AT IT BEG9S TO ASS]T ITSELF AGA9/ ! REALLY MASSIFY+ AUTOMATIC RESPONSES PRODUC$ BY ! B\RGEOIS FAMILY1 ! S*OOL & ! MASS M$IA4 ,BY ! SAME TOK51 CR[D ACTIONS 9VOLVE ! R$ISCOV]Y ( ! /REETS & ! EF=T TO LIB]ATE !M4 ,ULTIMATELY1 IT IS 9 ! /REETS ?AT P[] MU/ BE DISSOLV$3 = ! /REETS1 :]E DAILY LIFE IS 5DUR$1 SUFF]$ & ]OD$1 & :]E P[] IS CONFRONT$ & F\<T1 MU/ BE TURN$ 9TO ! DOMA9 :]E DAILY LIFE IS 5JOY$1 CREAT$ & N\RI%$4 ,! REBELLI\S CR[D M>K$ ! BEG9N+ NOT ONLY ( A SPONTANE\S TRANSMUTATION ( PRIVATE 9TO SOCIAL REVOLT1 BUT ALSO ( A RETURN FROM ! AB/RACTIONS ( SOCIAL REVOLT TO ! ISSUES ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 

,F9ALLY1 AS 9 ! ,5LI<T5M5T1 WE >E SEE+ ! EM]G5CE ( AN IMM5SE & EV]-GR[+ /RATUM ( DECLASSES1 A BODY ( LUMP5IZ$ 9DIVIDUALS DRAWN FROM EV]Y /RATUM ( SOCIETY4 ,! *RONICALLY 9DEBT$ & SOCIALLY 9SECURE MIDDLE CLASSES ( \R P]IOD COMP>E LOOSELY ) ! *RONICALLY 9SOLV5T & FLI<TY NOBILITY ( PR]EVOLUTION>Y ,FRANCE4 ,A VA/ FLOTSAM ( $UCAT$ PEOPLE EM]G$ !N AS N[1 LIV+ AT LOOSE 5DS1 )\T FIX$ C>E]S OR E/ABLI%$ SOCIAL ROOTS4 ,AT ! BOTTOM ( BO? /RUCTURES WE F9D A L>GE NUMB] ( *RONIC POOR- VAGABONDS1 DRIFT]S1 PEOPLE ) P>T-TIME JOBS OR NO JOBS AT ALL1 ?REAT5+1 UNRULY SANS-CULOTTES-- SURVIV+ ON PUBLIC AID & ON ! G>BAGE ?R[N (F BY SOCIETY1 ! POOR ( ! ,P>ISIAN SLUMS1 ! BLACKS ( ! ,AM]ICAN <ETTOES4 ,BUT H]E ALL ! P>ALLELS 5D4 ,! ,FR5* ,5LI<T5M5T BELONGS TO A P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y TRANSITION FROM FEUDALISM TO CAPITALISM--BO? SOCIETIES BAS$ ON ECONOMIC SC>CITY1 CLASS RULE1 EXPLOITATION1 SOCIAL HI]>*Y & /ATE P[]4 ,! DAY-TO-DAY POPUL> RESI/ANCE :I* M>K$ ! EI<TE5? C5TURY & CULM9AT$ 9 OP5 REVOLUTION WAS SOON DISCIPL9$ BY ! NEWLY EM]G+ 9DU/RIAL ORD]--AS WELL AS BY NAK$ =CE4 ,! VA/ MASS ( DECLASSES & SANS-CULOTTES WAS L>GELY ABSORB$ 9TO ! FACTORY SY/EM & TAM$ BY 9DU/RIAL DISCIPL9E4 ,=M]LY ROOTLESS 9TELLECTUALS & FOOTLOOSE NOBLES F\ND SECURE PLACES 9 ! ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 SOCIAL & CULTURAL HI]>*Y ( ! NEW B\RGEOIS ORD]4 ,FROM A SOCIALLY & CULTURALLY FLUID CONDITION1 HI<LY G5]ALIZ$ 9 ITS /RUCTURE & RELATIONS1 SOCIETY H>D5$ AGA9 9TO RIGID1 P>TICUL>IZ$ CLASS & 9/ITUTIONAL =MS--! CLASSICAL ,VICTORIAN ]A APPE>$ NOT ONLY 9 ,5GL& BUT1 TO ONE DEGREE OR ANO!R1 9 ALL ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA4 ,CRITIQUE WAS CONSOLIDAT$ 9TO APOLOGIA1 REVOLT 9TO RE=M1 DECLASSES 9TO CLE>LY DEF9$ CLASSES & 0MOBS0 9TO POLITICAL CON/ITU5CIES4 0,RIOTS0 BECAME ! WELL-BEHAV$ PROCESSIONALS WE CALL 0DEMON/RATIONS10 & SPONTANE\S DIRECT ACTION TURN$ 9TO ELECTORAL RITUALS4 

,\R [N ]A IS ALSO A TRANSITIONAL ONE1 BUT ) A PR(\ND & NEW DIFF]5CE4 ,9 ! LA/ ( !IR GREAT 9SURRECTIONS1 ! SANS-CULOTTES ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ROSE UND] ! FI]Y CRY3 0,BREAD & ! ,CON/ITUTION ( '#i#c60 ,! BLACK SANS-CULOTTES ( ! ,AM]ICAN <ETTOES RISE UND] ! SLOGAN3 0,BLACK IS BEAUTIFUL60 ,BETWE5 !SE TWO SLOGANS LIES A DEVELOPM5T ( UNPREC$5T$ IMPORTANCE4 ,! DECLASSES ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY W]E =M$ DUR+ A SL[ TRANSITION FROM AN AGRICULTURAL TO AN 9DU/RIAL ]A2 !Y W]E CREAT$ \T ( A PAUSE 9 ! HI/ORICAL TRANSITION FROM ONE REGIME ( TOIL TO ANO!R4 ,! DEM& = BREAD C\LD HAVE BE5 HE>D AT ANY TIME 9 ! EVOLUTION ( PROP]TI$ SOCIETY4 ,! NEW DECLASSES ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY >E BE+ CREAT$ AS A RESULT ( ! BANKRUPTCY ( ALL SOCIAL =MS BAS$ ON TOIL4 ,!Y >E ! 5D PRODUCTS ( ! PROCESS ( PROP]TI$ SOCIETY ITSELF & ( ! SOCIAL PROBLEMS ( MAT]IAL SURVIVAL4 ,9 ! ]A :5 TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES & CYB]NATION HAVE BR\<T 9TO QUE/ION ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN1 TOIL1 & MAT]IAL WANT 9 ANY =M :ATEV]1 ! CRY 0,BLACK IS BEAUTIFUL0 OR 0,MAKE LOVE1 NOT W>0 M>KS ! TRANS=MATION ( ! TRADITIONAL DEM& = SURVIVAL 9TO A HI/ORICALLY NEW DEM& = LIFE4.<#e.> 

,:AT UND]P9S EV]Y SOCIAL CONFLICT 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TODAY IS ! DEM& = ! REALIZATION ( ALL HUMAN POT5TIALITIES 9 A FULLY R\ND$1 BALANC$1 TOTALI/IC WAY ( LIFE4 ,9 %ORT1 ! POT5TIALITIES = REVOLUTION 9 ,AM]ICA >E N[ AN*OR$ 9 ! POT5TIALITIES ( MAN HIMSELF4 

,:AT WE >E WITNESS+ IS ! BREAKD[N ( A C5TURY & A HALF ( EMB\RGEOISEM5T & A PULV]IZATION ( ALL B\RGEOIS 9/ITUTIONS AT A PO9T 9 HI/ORY :5 ! BOLDE/ CONCEPTS ( ,UTOPIA >E REALIZABLE4 ,& !RE IS NO?+ ?AT ! PRES5T B\RGEOIS ORD] CAN SUB/ITUTE = ! DE/RUCTION ( ITS TRADITIONAL 9/ITUTIONS BUT BUREAUCRATIC MANIPULATION & /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,?IS PROCESS IS UNFOLD+ MO/ DRAMATICALLY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,)9 A P]IOD ( LITTLE MORE ?AN TWO DECADES1 WE HAVE SE5 ! COLLAPSE ( ! 0,AM]ICAN ,DREAM10 OR :AT AM\NTS TO ! SAME ?+1 ! /EADY DE/RUCTION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ! MY? ?AT MAT]IAL ABUNDANCE1 BAS$ ON COMMODITY RELATIONS BETWE5 M51 CAN CONCEAL ! 9H]5T POV]TY ( B\RGEOIS LIFE4 ,:E!R ?IS PROCESS WILL CULM9ATE 9 REVOLUTION OR 9 ANNIHILATION WILL DEP5D 9 GREAT P>T ON ! ABILITY ( REVOLUTIONI/S TO EXT5D SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS & DEF5D ! SPONTANEITY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T FROM AU?ORIT>IAN IDEOLOGIES1 BO? ( ! 0LEFT0 & ( ! RI<T4 

.<#a.> ,IT IS WOR? NOT+ H]E ?AT ! EM]G5CE ( ! 0CONSUM] SOCIETY0 PROVIDES US ) REM>KABLE EVID5CE ( ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM ( ,M>X'S TIME & /ATE CAPITALISM TODAY4 ,9 ,M>X'S VIEW1 CAPITALISM AS A SY/EM ORGANIZ$ >\ND 0PRODUCTION = ! SAKE ( PRODUCTION0 RESULTS 9 ! ECONOMIC IMMIS]ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 0,PRODUCTION = ! SAKE ( PRODUCTION0 IS P>ALLEL$ TODAY BY 0CONSUMPTION = ! SAKE ( CONSUMPTION10 9 :I* IMMIS]ATION TAKES A SPIRITUAL RA!R ?AN AN ECONOMIC =M--IT IS />VATION ( LIFE4 

.<#b.> ,! ECONOMIC CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM HAVE NOT DISAPPE>$1 BUT ! SY/EM CAN PLAN TO SU* A DEGREE ?AT !Y NO LONG] HAVE ! EXPLOSIVE *>ACT]I/ICS !Y HAD 9 ! PA/4 

.<#c.> ,= A DETAIL$ DISCUSSION ( ?IS 0M9IATURIZ$0 TE*NOLOGY SEE 0,T[>DS A ,LIB]ATORY ,TE*NOLOGY40 

.<#d.> ,DESPITE ITS LIP S]VICE TO ! DIALECTIC1 ! TRADITIONAL LEFT HAS YET TO TAKE ,HEGEL'S 0CONCRETE UNIV]SAL0 S]I\SLY & SEE IT NOT M]ELY AS A PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT BUT AS A SOCIAL PROGRAM4 ,?IS HAS BE5 DONE ONLY 9 ,M>X'S E>LY WRIT+S1 9 ! WRIT+S ( ! GREAT ,UTOPIANS 7,F\RI] & ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS7 &1 9 \R TIME1 BY ! DROP-\T Y\?4 

.<#e.> ,! ABOVE L9ES W]E WRITT5 9 #a#i#f#f4 ,S9CE !N1 WE HAVE SE5 ! GRAFFITI ON ! WALLS ( ,P>IS1 DUR+ ! ,MAY-,JUNE REVOLUTION3 0,ALL P[] TO ! IMAG9ATION02 0,I TAKE MY DESIRES TO BE REALITY1 BECAUSE ,I BELIEVE 9 ! REALITY ( MY DESIRES02 0,NEV] WORK02 0,! MORE ,I MAKE LOVE1 ! MORE ,I WANT TO MAKE REVOLUTION02 0,LIFE )\T DEAD TIMES02 0,! MORE Y\ CONSUME1 ! LESS Y\ LIVE02 0,CULTURE IS ! 9V]SION ( LIFE02 0,ONE DOES NOT BUY HAPP9ESS1 ONE /EALS IT02 0,SOCIETY IS A C>NIVOR\S FL[]40 ,!SE >E NOT GRAFFITI1 !Y >E A PROGRAM = LIFE & DESIRE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,SEPTEMB] #c1 #aifg 3 ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a1 #bai 3 ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/