,9TRODUCTION 

#aiahaiah 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL 

,TEXT 3 

,PROPOS$ ,ROADS 
,TO ,FRE$OM 

,BY 
,B]TR& ,RUSSELL 

,9,T,R,O,D,U,C,T,I,O,N 

,! ATTEMPT TO CONCEIVE IMAG9ATIVELY A BETT] 
ORD]+ ( HUMAN SOCIETY ?AN ! DE/RUCTIVE & 
CRUEL *AOS 9 :I* MANK9D HAS HI!RTO EXI/$ 
IS BY NO MEANS MOD]N3 IT IS AT LEA/ AS OLD AS ,PLATO1 
:OSE ^*^*,REPUBLIC'' SET ! MODEL = ! ,UTOPIAS ( 
SUBSEQU5T PHILOSOPH]S4 ,:OEV] CONTEMPLATES ! 
WORLD 9 ! LI<T ( AN IDEAL--:E!R :AT HE SEEKS 
BE 9TELLECT1 OR >T1 OR LOVE1 OR SIMPLE HAPP9ESS1 OR 
ALL TOGE!R--MU/ FEEL A GREAT SORR[ 9 ! EVILS 
?AT M5 NE$LESSLY ALL[ TO CONT9UE1 &--IF HE BE 
A MAN ( =CE & VITAL 5]GY--AN URG5T DESIRE TO 
LEAD M5 TO ! REALIZATION ( ! GOOD :I* 9SPIRES 
HIS CREATIVE VISION4 ,IT IS ?IS DESIRE :I* HAS BE5 
! PRIM>Y =CE MOV+ ! PIONE]S ( ,SOCIALISM 
& ,AN>*ISM1 AS IT MOV$ ! 9V5TORS ( IDEAL 
COMMONWEAL?S 9 ! PA/4 ,9 ?IS !RE IS NO?+ 
NEW4 ,:AT IS NEW 9 ,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM1 IS 
?AT CLOSE RELATION ( ! IDEAL TO ! PRES5T 
SUFF]+S ( M51 :I* HAS 5ABL$ P[]FUL POLITICAL 
MOVEM5TS TO GR[ \T ( ! HOPES ( SOLIT>Y ?9K]S4 
,IT IS ?IS ?AT MAKES ,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM 
IMPORTANT1 & IT IS ?IS ?AT MAKES !M DANG]\S 
TO ?OSE :O BATT51 CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY 
UPON ! EVILS ( \R PRES5T ORD] ( SOCIETY4 

,! GREAT MAJORITY ( M5 & WOM51 9 ORD9>Y 
TIMES1 PASS ?R\< LIFE )\T EV] CONTEMPLAT+ 
OR CRITICIZ+1 AS A :OLE1 EI!R !IR [N 
CONDITIONS OR ?OSE ( ! WORLD AT L>GE4 ,!Y F9D 
!MSELVES BORN 9TO A C]TA9 PLACE 9 SOCIETY1 & 
!Y ACCEPT :AT EA* DAY BR+S =?1 )\T ANY 
EF=T ( ?\<T BEYOND :AT ! IMM$IATE PRES5T 
REQUIRES4 ,ALMO/ AS 9/9CTIVELY AS ! BEA/S ( 
! FIELD1 !Y SEEK ! SATISFACTION ( ! NE$S ( 
! MOM5T1 )\T MU* =E?\<T1 & )\T 
CONSID]+ ?AT BY SUFFICI5T EF=T ! :OLE 
CONDITIONS ( !IR LIVES C\LD BE *ANG$4 ,A C]TA9 
P]C5TAGE1 GUID$ BY P]SONAL AMBITION1 MAKE ! EF=T 
( ?\<T & WILL :I* IS NECESS>Y TO PLACE 
!MSELVES AMONG ! MORE =TUNATE MEMB]S ( ! 
COMMUNITY2 BUT V]Y FEW AMONG !SE >E S]I\SLY 
CONC]N$ TO SECURE = ALL ! ADVANTAGES :I* !Y 
SEEK = !MSELVES4 ,IT IS ONLY A FEW R>E & EXCEPTIONAL 
M5 :O HAVE ?AT K9D ( LOVE T[>D MANK9D 
AT L>GE ?AT MAKES !M UNABLE TO 5DURE 
PATI5TLY ! G5]AL MASS ( EVIL & SUFF]+1 
REG>DLESS ( ANY RELATION IT MAY HAVE TO !IR [N 
LIVES4 ,!SE FEW1 DRIV5 BY SYMPA!TIC PA91 WILL 
SEEK1 FIR/ 9 ?\<T & !N 9 ACTION1 = SOME 
WAY ( ESCAPE1 SOME NEW SY/EM ( SOCIETY BY :I* 
LIFE MAY BECOME RI*]1 MORE FULL ( JOY & LESS 
FULL ( PREV5TABLE EVILS ?AN IT IS AT PRES5T4 ,BUT 
9 ! PA/ SU* M5 HAVE1 AS A RULE1 FAIL$ TO 9T]E/ 
! V]Y VICTIMS ( ! 9JU/ICES :I* !Y WI%$ 
TO REM$Y4 ,! MORE UN=TUNATE SECTIONS ( ! 
POPULATION HAVE BE5 IGNORANT1 APA!TIC FROM EXCESS 
( TOIL & WE>9ESS1 TIMOR\S ?R\< ! IMM95T 
DANG] ( IMM$IATE PUNI%M5T BY ! HOLD]S ( 
P[]1 & MORALLY UNRELIABLE [+ TO ! LOSS ( 
SELF-RESPECT RESULT+ FROM !IR DEGRADATION4 ,TO 
CREATE AMONG SU* CLASSES ANY CONSCI\S1 DELIB]ATE 
EF=T AFT] G5]AL AMELIORATION MI<T HAVE SEEM$ 
A HOPELESS TASK1 & 9DE$ 9 ! PA/ IT HAS 
G5]ALLY PROV$ SO4 ,BUT ! MOD]N WORLD1 BY ! 
9CREASE ( $UCATION & ! RISE 9 ! /&>D ( 
COM=T AMONG WAGE-E>N]S1 HAS PRODUC$ NEW 
CONDITIONS1 MORE FAVORABLE ?AN EV] BE=E TO ! 
DEM& = RADICAL RECON/RUCTION4 ,IT IS ABOVE ALL 
! ,SOCIALI/S1 & 9 A LESS] DEGREE ! ,AN>*I/S 
7*IEFLY AS ! 9SPIR]S ( ,SYNDICALISM71 :O HAVE 
BECOME ! EXPON5TS ( ?IS DEM&4 

,:AT IS P]HAPS MO/ REM>KABLE 9 REG>D TO 
BO? ,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM IS ! ASSOCIATION ( A 
WIDESPREAD POPUL> MOVEM5T ) IDEALS = A BETT] 
WORLD4 ,! IDEALS HAVE BE5 ELABORAT$1 9 ! 
FIR/ 9/ANCE1 BY SOLIT>Y WRIT]S ( BOOKS1 & YET 
P[]FUL SECTIONS ( ! WAGE-E>N+ CLASSES HAVE 
ACCEPT$ !M AS !IR GUIDE 9 ! PRACTICAL AFFAIRS 
( ! WORLD4 ,9 REG>D TO ,SOCIALISM ?IS IS EVID5T2 
BUT 9 REG>D TO ,AN>*ISM IT IS ONLY TRUE ) SOME 
QUALIFICATION4 ,AN>*ISM AS SU* HAS NEV] BE5 A 
WIDESPREAD CRE$1 IT IS ONLY 9 ! MODIFI$ =M ( 
,SYNDICALISM ?AT IT HAS A*IEV$ POPUL>ITY4 ,UNLIKE 
,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM1 ,SYNDICALISM IS PRIM>ILY 
! \TCOME1 NOT ( AN IDEA1 BUT ( AN ORGANIZATION3 
! FACT ( ,TRADE ,UNION ORGANIZATION CAME FIR/1 & 
! IDEAS ( ,SYNDICALISM >E ?OSE :I* SEEM$ 
APPROPRIATE TO ?IS ORGANIZATION 9 ! OP9ION ( 
! MORE ADVANC$ ,FR5* ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,BUT ! 
IDEAS >E1 9 ! MA91 D]IV$ FROM ,AN>*ISM1 & 
! M5 :O GA9$ ACCEPTANCE = !M W]E1 = 
! MO/ P>T1 ,AN>*I/S4 ,?US WE MAY REG>D 
,SYNDICALISM AS ! ,AN>*ISM ( ! M>KET-PLACE 
AS OPPOS$ TO ! ,AN>*ISM ( ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS 
:I* HAD PRES]V$ A PREC>I\S LIFE ?R\<\T ! 
PREVI\S DECADES4 ,TAK+ ?IS VIEW1 WE F9D 9 
,AN>*I/-,SYNDICALISM ! SAME COMB9ATION ( IDEAL 
& ORGANIZATION AS WE F9D 9 ,SOCIALI/ POLITICAL 
P>TIES4 ,IT IS FROM ?IS /&PO9T ?AT \R /UDY 
( !SE MOVEM5TS WILL BE UND]TAK54 

,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM1 9 !IR MOD]N =M1 
SPR+ RESPECTIVELY FROM TWO PROTAGONI/S1 ,M>X & 
,BAKUN91 :O F\<T A LIFELONG BATTLE1 CULM9AT+ 
9 A SPLIT 9 ! FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,WE %ALL BEG9 
\R /UDY ) !SE TWO M5--FIR/ !IR TEA*+1 
& !N ! ORGANIZATIONS :I* !Y F\ND$ OR 
9SPIR$4 ,?IS WILL LEAD US TO ! SPREAD ( ,SOCIALISM 
9 MORE REC5T YE>S1 & !NCE TO ! ,SYNDICALI/ 
REVOLT AGA9/ ,SOCIALI/ EMPHASIS ON ! ,/ATE 
& POLITICAL ACTION1 & TO C]TA9 MOVEM5TS \TSIDE 
,FRANCE :I* HAVE SOME AFF9ITY ) ,SYNDICALISM-- 
NOTABLY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 ,AM]ICA & ,GUILD 
,SOCIALISM 9 ,5GL&4 ,FROM ?IS HI/ORICAL SURVEY 
WE %ALL PASS TO ! CONSID]ATION ( SOME ( ! 
MORE PRESS+ PROBLEMS ( ! FUTURE1 & %ALL TRY 
TO DECIDE 9 :AT RESPECTS ! WORLD W\LD BE HAPPI] 
IF ! AIMS ( ,SOCIALI/S OR ,SYNDICALI/S W]E 
A*IEV$4 

,MY [N OP9ION--:I* ,I MAY AS WELL 9DICATE 
AT ! \TSET--IS ?AT PURE ,AN>*ISM1 ?\< IT 
%\LD BE ! ULTIMATE IDEAL1 TO :I* SOCIETY %\LD 
CONT9UALLY APPROXIMATE1 IS = ! PRES5T IMPOSSIBLE1 
& W\LD NOT SURVIVE MORE ?AN A YE> OR TWO 
AT MO/ IF IT W]E ADOPT$4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 BO? 
,M>XIAN ,SOCIALISM & ,SYNDICALISM1 9 SPITE ( MANY 
DRAWBACKS1 SEEM TO ME CALCULAT$ TO GIVE RISE TO A 
HAPPI] & BETT] WORLD ?AN ?AT 9 :I* WE LIVE4 
,I DO NOT1 H[EV]1 REG>D EI!R ( !M AS ! BE/ 
PRACTICABLE SY/EM4 ,M>XIAN ,SOCIALISM1 ,I FE>1 
W\LD GIVE F> TOO MU* P[] TO ! ,/ATE1 :ILE 
,SYNDICALISM1 :I* AIMS AT ABOLI%+ ! ,/ATE1 
W\LD1 ,I BELIEVE1 F9D ITSELF =C$ TO RECON/RUCT A 
C5TRAL AU?ORITY 9 ORD] TO PUT AN 5D TO ! 
RIVALRIES ( DIFF]5T GR\PS ( PRODUC]S4 ,! ,B,E,/ 
PRACTICABLE SY/EM1 TO MY M9D1 IS ?AT ( ,GUILD 
,SOCIALISM1 :I* CONC$ES :AT IS VALID BO? 9 ! 
CLAIMS ( ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S & 9 ! ,SYNDICALI/ 
FE> ( ! ,/ATE1 BY ADOPT+ A SY/EM ( F$]ALISM 
AMONG TRADES = REASONS SIMIL> TO ?OSE :I* 
>E RECOMM5D+ F$]ALISM AMONG NATIONS4 ,! 
GR\NDS = !SE CONCLUSIONS WILL APPE> AS WE 
PROCE$4 

,BE=E EMB>K+ UPON ! HI/ORY ( REC5T 
MOVEM5TS ,9 FAVOR ( RADICAL RECON/RUCTION1 IT WILL 
BE WOR? :ILE TO CONSID] SOME TRAITS ( *>ACT] 
:I* DI/+UI% MO/ POLITICAL IDEALI/S1 & >E 
MU* MISUND]/OOD BY ! G5]AL PUBLIC = O!R 
REASONS BESIDES M]E PREJUDICE4 ,I WI% TO DO FULL 
JU/ICE TO !SE REASONS1 9 ORD] TO %[ ! MORE 
EFFECTUALLY :Y !Y \<T NOT TO BE OP]ATIVE4 

,! LEAD]S ( ! MORE ADVANC$ MOVEM5TS 
>E1 9 G5]AL1 M5 ( QUITE UNUSUAL DIS9T]E/$NESS1 
AS IS EVID5T FROM A CONSID]ATION ( !IR C>E]S4 
,AL?\< !Y HAVE OBVI\SLY QUITE AS MU* ABILITY 
AS MANY M5 :O RISE TO POSITIONS ( GREAT P[]1 
!Y DO NOT !MSELVES BECOME ! >BIT]S ( 
CONTEMPOR>Y EV5TS1 NOR DO !Y A*IEVE WEAL? OR ! 
APPLAUSE ( ! MASS ( !IR CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,M5 
:O HAVE ! CAPACITY = W9N+ !SE PRIZES1 & 
:O WORK AT LEA/ AS H>D AS ?OSE :O W9 !M1 
BUT DELIB]ATELY ADOPT A L9E :I* MAKES ! W9N+ 
( !M IMPOSSIBLE1 MU/ BE JUDG$ TO HAVE AN 
AIM 9 LIFE O!R ?AN P]SONAL ADVANCEM5T2 
:ATEV] ADMIXTURE ( SELF-SEEK+ MAY 5T] 9TO ! 
DETAIL ( !IR LIVES1 !IR FUNDAM5TAL MOTIVE MU/ 
BE \TSIDE ,SELF4 ,! PIONE]S ( ,SOCIALISM1 ,AN>*ISM1 
& ,SYNDICALISM HAVE1 = ! MO/ P>T1 
EXP]I5C$ PRISON1 EXILE1 & POV]TY1 DELIB]ATELY 
9CURR$ BECAUSE !Y W\LD NOT AB&ON !IR 
PROPAG&A2 & BY ?IS CONDUCT !Y HAVE %[N ?AT 
! HOPE :I* 9SPIR$ !M WAS NOT = !MSELVES1 
BUT = MANK9D4 

,NEV]!LESS1 ?\< ! DESIRE = HUMAN WELF>E 
IS :AT AT BOTTOM DET]M9ES ! BROAD L9ES ( SU* 
M5'S LIVES1 IT (T5 HAPP5S ?AT1 9 ! DETAIL ( 
!IR SPEE* & WRIT+1 HATR$ IS F> MORE VISIBLE 
?AN LOVE4 ,! IMPATI5T IDEALI/--& )\T SOME 
IMPATI5CE A MAN WILL H>DLY PROVE EFFECTIVE--IS 
ALMO/ SURE TO BE L$ 9TO HATR$ BY ! OPPOSITIONS 
& DISAPPO9TM5TS :I* HE 5C\NT]S 9 HIS 
5DEAVORS TO BR+ HAPP9ESS TO ! WORLD4 ,! MORE 
C]TA9 HE IS ( ! PURITY ( HIS MOTIVES & ! TRU? 
( HIS GOSPEL1 ! MORE 9DIGNANT HE WILL BECOME :5 
HIS TEA*+ IS REJECT$4 ,(T5 HE WILL SUCCESSFULLY 
A*IEVE AN ATTITUDE ( PHILOSOPHIC TOL]ANCE AS 
REG>DS ! APA?Y ( ! MASSES1 & EV5 AS REG>DS 
! :OLE-HE>T$ OPPOSITION ( PR(ESS$ DEF5D]S 
( ! /ATUS QUO4 ,BUT ! M5 :OM HE F9DS IT 
IMPOSSIBLE TO =GIVE >E ?OSE :O PR(ESS ! SAME DESIRE 
= ! AMELIORATION ( SOCIETY AS HE FEELS HIMSELF1 
BUT :O DO NOT ACCEPT HIS ME?OD ( A*IEV+ ?IS 
5D4 ,! 9T5SE FAI? :I* 5ABLES HIM TO )/& 
P]SECUTION = ! SAKE ( HIS BELIEFS MAKES 
HIM CONSID] !SE BELIEFS SO LUM9\SLY OBVI\S ?AT 
ANY ?9K+ MAN :O REJECTS !M MU/ BE DI%ONE/1 
& MU/ BE ACTUAT$ BY SOME S9I/] MOTIVE 
( TREA*]Y TO ! CAUSE4 ,H5CE >ISES ! SPIRIT ( 
! SECT1 ?AT BITT]1 N>R[ OR?ODOXY :I* IS ! 
BANE ( ?OSE :O HOLD /RONGLY TO AN UNPOPUL> 
CRE$4 ,SO MANY REAL TEMPTATIONS TO TREA*]Y EXI/ 
?AT SUSPICION IS NATURAL4 ,& AMONG LEAD]S1 
AMBITION1 :I* !Y MORTIFY 9 !IR *OICE ( A 
C>E]1 IS SURE TO RETURN 9 A NEW =M3 9 ! DESIRE 
= 9TELLECTUAL MA/]Y & = DESPOTIC P[] 
)9 !IR [N SECT4 ,FROM !SE CAUSES IT RESULTS 
?AT ! ADVOCATES ( DRA/IC RE=M DIVIDE 
!MSELVES 9TO OPPOS+ S*OOLS1 HAT+ EA* O!R ) 
A BITT] HATR$1 ACCUS+ EA* O!R (T5 ( SU* 
CRIMES AS BE+ 9 ! PAY ( ! POLICE1 & DEM&+1 
( ANY SPEAK] OR WRIT] :OM !Y >E TO 
ADMIRE1 ?AT HE %ALL CON=M EXACTLY TO !IR 
PREJUDICES1 & MAKE ALL HIS TEA*+ M9I/] TO !IR 
BELIEF ?AT ! EXACT TRU? IS TO BE F\ND )9 ! 
LIMITS ( !IR CRE$4 ,! RESULT ( ?IS /ATE ( 
M9D IS ?AT1 TO A CASUAL & UNIMAG9ATIVE ATT5TION1 
! M5 :O HAVE SACRIFIC$ MO/ ?R\< ! 
WI% TO B5EFIT MANK9D ,A,P,P,E,> TO BE ACTUAT$ F> 
MORE BY HATR$ ?AN BY LOVE4 ,& ! DEM& = 
OR?ODOXY IS /IFL+ TO ANY FREE EX]CISE ( 9TELLECT4 
,?IS CAUSE1 AS WELL AS ECONOMIC PREJUDICE1 HAS MADE 
IT DIFFICULT = ! ^*^*9TELLECTUALS'' TO COOP]ATE PRACTICALLY ) ! MORE EXTREME RE=M]S1 H[EV] !Y 
MAY SYMPA?IZE ) !IR MA9 PURPOSES & EV5 
) N9E-T5?S ( !IR PROGRAM4 

,ANO!R REASON :Y RADICAL RE=M]S >E 
MISJUDG$ BY ORD9>Y M5 IS ?AT !Y VIEW EXI/+ 
SOCIETY FROM \TSIDE1 ) HO/ILITY T[>DS ITS 
9/ITUTIONS4 ,AL?\<1 = ! MO/ P>T1 !Y HAVE 
MORE BELIEF ?AN !IR NEI<BORS 9 HUMAN NATURE'S 
9H]5T CAPACITY = A GOOD LIFE1 !Y >E SO 
CONSCI\S ( ! CRUELTY & OPPRESSION RESULT+ FROM 
EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS ?AT !Y MAKE A :OLLY 
MISLEAD+ IMPRESSION ( CYNICISM4 ,MO/ M5 HAVE 
9/9CTIVELY TWO 5TIRELY DIFF]5T CODES ( BEHAVIOR3 
ONE T[>D ?OSE :OM !Y REG>D AS COMPANIONS OR 
COLLEAGUES OR FRI5DS1 OR 9 SOME WAY MEMB]S ( ! 
SAME ^*^*H]D''2 ! O!R T[>D ?OSE :OM !Y 
REG>D AS 5EMIES OR \TCA/S OR A DANG] TO SOCIETY4 
,RADICAL RE=M]S >E APT TO CONC5TRATE !IR 
ATT5TION UPON ! BEHAVIOR ( SOCIETY T[>D ! 
LATT] CLASS1 ! CLASS ( ?OSE T[>D :OM ! 
^*^*H]D'' FEELS ILL-WILL4 ,?IS CLASS 9CLUDES1 ( C\RSE1 
5EMIES 9 W>1 & CRIM9ALS2 9 ! M9DS ( ?OSE 
:O CONSID] ! PRES]VATION ( ! EXI/+ ORD] 
ESS5TIAL TO !IR [N SAFETY OR PRIVILEGES1 IT 9CLUDES 
ALL :O ADVOCATE ANY GREAT POLITICAL OR ECONOMIC 
*ANGE1 & ALL CLASSES :I*1 ?R\< !IR POV]TY 
OR ?R\< ANY O!R CAUSE1 >E LIKELY TO FEEL A 
DANG]\S DEGREE ( DISCONT5T4 ,! ORD9>Y CITIZ5 
PROBABLY SELDOM ?9KS AB\T SU* 9DIVIDUALS OR 
CLASSES1 & GOES ?R\< LIFE BELIEV+ ?AT HE & 
HIS FRI5DS >E K9DLY PEOPLE1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE NO 
WI% TO 9JURE ?OSE T[>D :OM !Y 5T]TA9 NO 
GR\P-HO/ILITY4 ,BUT ! MAN :OSE ATT5TION IS 
FA/5$ UPON ! RELATIONS ( A GR\P ) ?OSE 
:OM IT HATES OR FE>S WILL JUDGE QUITE DIFF]5TLY4 
,9 !SE RELATIONS A SURPRIS+ F]OCITY IS APT TO BE 
DEVELOP$1 & A V]Y UGLY SIDE ( HUMAN NATURE 
COMES TO ! =E4 ,! OPPON5TS ( CAPITALISM 
HAVE LE>N$1 ?R\< ! /UDY ( C]TA9 HI/ORICAL 
FACTS1 ?AT ?IS F]OCITY HAS (T5 BE5 %[N BY ! 
CAPITALI/S & BY ! ,/ATE T[>D ! WAGE-E>N+ 
CLASSES1 P>TICUL>LY :5 !Y HAVE V5TUR$ TO 
PROTE/ AGA9/ ! UNSPEAKABLE SUFF]+ TO :I* 
9DU/RIALISM HAS USUALLY CONDEMN$ !M4 ,H5CE 
>ISES A QUITE DIFF]5T ATTITUDE T[>D EXI/+ 
SOCIETY FROM ?AT ( ! ORD9>Y WELL-TO-DO CITIZ53 
AN ATTITUDE AS TRUE AS HIS1 P]HAPS ALSO AS UNTRUE1 
BUT EQUALLY BAS$ ON FACTS1 FACTS CONC]N+ HIS 
RELATIONS TO HIS 5EMIES 9/EAD ( TO HIS FRI5DS4 

,! CLASS-W>1 LIKE W>S BETWE5 NATIONS1 
PRODUCES TWO OPPOS+ VIEWS1 EA* EQUALLY TRUE & 
EQUALLY UNTRUE4 ,! CITIZ5 ( A NATION AT W>1 
:5 HE ?9KS ( HIS [N C\NTRYM51 ?9KS ( !M 
PRIM>ILY AS HE HAS EXP]I5C$ !M1 9 DEAL+S 
) !IR FRI5DS1 9 !IR FAMILY RELATIONS1 & SO 
ON4 ,!Y SEEM TO HIM ON ! :OLE K9DLY1 DEC5T 
FOLK4 ,BUT A NATION ) :I* HIS C\NTRY IS AT 
W> VIEWS HIS COMPATRIOTS ?R\< ! M$IUM ( A 
QUITE DIFF]5T SET ( EXP]I5CES3 AS !Y APPE> 
9 ! F]OCITY ( BATTLE1 9 ! 9VASION & SUBJUGATION 
( A HO/ILE T]RITORY1 OR 9 ! *ICAN]Y ( A 
JUGGL+ DIPLOMACY4 ,! M5 ( :OM !SE FACTS 
>E TRUE >E ! V]Y SAME AS ! M5 :OM !IR 
COMPATRIOTS KN[ AS HUSB&S OR FA!RS OR FRI5DS1 
BUT !Y >E JUDG$ DIFF]5TLY BECAUSE !Y >E 
JUDG$ ON DIFF]5T DATA4 ,& SO IT IS ) ?OSE :O 
VIEW ! CAPITALI/ FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! 
REVOLUTION>Y WAGE-E>N]3 !Y APPE> 9CONCEIVABLY 
CYNICAL & MISJUDG+ TO ! CAPITALI/1 BECAUSE ! 
FACTS UPON :I* !IR VIEW IS BAS$ >E FACTS :I* 
HE EI!R DOES NOT KN[ OR HABITUALLY IGNORES4 ,YET 
! VIEW FROM ! \TSIDE IS JU/ AS TRUE AS ! VIEW 
FROM ! 9SIDE4 ,BO? >E NECESS>Y TO ! COMPLETE 
TRU?2 & ! ,SOCIALI/1 :O EMPHASIZES ! \TSIDE 
VIEW1 IS NOT A CYNIC1 BUT M]ELY ! FRI5D ( ! 
WAGE-E>N]S1 MADD5$ BY ! SPECTACLE ( ! NE$LESS 
MIS]Y :I* CAPITALISM 9FLICTS UPON !M4 

,I HAVE PLAC$ !SE G5]AL REFLECTIONS AT ! 
BEG9N+ ( \R /UDY1 9 ORD] TO MAKE IT CLE> TO 
! READ] ?AT1 :ATEV] BITT]NESS & HATE MAY 
BE F\ND 9 ! MOVEM5TS :I* WE >E TO EXAM9E1 
IT IS NOT BITT]NESS OR HATE1 BUT LOVE1 ?AT IS !IR 
MA9SPR+4 ,IT IS DIFFICULT NOT TO HATE ?OSE :O 
TORTURE ! OBJECTS ( \R LOVE4 ,?\< DIFFICULT1 IT 
IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE2 BUT IT REQUIRES A BREAD? ( 
\TLOOK & A COMPREH5SIV5ESS ( UND]/&+ :I* 
>E NOT EASY TO PRES]VE AMID A DESP]ATE CONTE/4 
,IF ULTIMATE WISDOM HAS NOT ALWAYS BE5 PRES]V$ BY 
,SOCIALI/S & ,AN>*I/S1 !Y HAVE NOT DIFF]$ 9 
?IS FROM !IR OPPON5TS2 & 9 ! S\RCE ( !IR 
9SPIRATION !Y HAVE %[N !MSELVES SUP]IOR TO 
?OSE :O ACQUIESCE IGNORANTLY OR SUP9ELY 9 ! 
9JU/ICES & OPPRESSIONS BY :I* ! EXI/+ 
SY/EM IS PRES]V$4 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiag 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #i1 #bag 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 

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