,RALPH ,ELLISON'S ,JUNETE5? & ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ,ID5TITY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,*RI/OPH] ,Z4 ,HOBSON 

,TEXT 3 

,ONE WEAKNESS ( MU* RADICAL ?\<T IS ITS USE ( AB/RACT1 =MALIZ$ CATEGORIES & A R$UCTIONI/ ME?OD4 ,RADICAL !ORIES (T5 BEG9 ) SOME >EA ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE--! NATION & NATIONAL ID5TITY1 ! SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & CLASS1 RACE_/E?NICITY1 G5D]1 & O!RS--?AT !Y USE AS A BASIC CATEGORY TO EXPLA9 SOCIAL LIFE4 ,?\< !RE IS NO?+ WRONG ) US+ SU* CATEGORIES1 !Y >E MO/ (T5 REIFI$1 ?AT IS1 TREAT$ AS REAL & OBJECTIVE2 = EXAMPLE1 G5D] !ORIES ASSUME ?AT PEOPLE REALLY >E ( ONE G5D] OR ANO!R1 :E!R 0ESS5TIAL0 OR 0SOCIALLY CON/RUCT$10 RA!R ?AN ?AT G5D] IS AN IDEA ?AT P>TLY EXPLA9S SOME WAYS PEOPLE ACT4 ,RADICAL !ORIES FUR!R (T5 TAKE A R$UCTIONI/ APPROA*1 TREAT+ ! *OS5 CATEGORIES AS EXCLUSIVE ( &_/OR MORE BASIC ?AN O!RS RA!R ?AN SIMULTANE\S & FUNCTIONAL 7?AT IS1 ! SAME P]SON MAY ACT9 T]MS ( CLASS 9 SOME SITUATIONS & NATIONALITY 9 O!RS74 ,AB/RACT & R$UCTIONI/ ?9K+ MISSES ! COMPLEXITY ( SOCIAL EXP]I5CE1 MO/ ( :I* OCCURS ?R\< ! 9T]ACTION ( MULTIPLE CATEGORIES ( EXP]I5CE4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ?9K+ ?AT R$UCES SOCIAL BEHAVIOR TO SEEM+LY OBJECTIVE CATEGORIES LIKE ECONOMIC-SOCIAL CLASS MISSES 7OR DELIB]ATELY DISC\NTS7 ! IMPORTANCE ( CULTURAL IDEAS ( V>I\S K9DS--POLITICAL1 SOCIAL1 RELIGI\S1 HI/ORICAL1 COMMUNAL1 ETC4 

,ONE EXAMPLE ( ! MULTIDIM5SIONALITY ( SOCIAL EXP]I5CE IS ! COMPLEX NATURE ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN 7,BLACK7ID5TITY 9 ! ,U4,S4 ,:5 RADICALS HAVE TRI$ TO EXPLA9 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY 9 T]MS ( V>I\S SOCIAL CATEGORIES--OPPRESS$ NATION1 SUP]EXPLOIT$ SECTION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 OPPRESS$ CA/E1 OR A COMB9ATION ( !SE OR O!RS--!Y HAVE MO/ (T5 NOT DEALT ) ! BASIC ROLE ( CULTURE4 ,YET ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS >E DEF9$ 9 L>GE P>T BY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CULTURE1 CIRCUL> AS ?AT MAY S\ND4 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS TAKE P>T 9 A HI/ORICALLY DEF9$1 EVOLV+1 COMPLEX CONT9UUM ( ATTITUDES *>ACT]I/IC ( A P>TICUL> GR\P & DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( O!R GR\PS1 AWAY ( LIV+1 FEEL+1 ?9K+1 & EXP]I5C+1 & ?IS CULTURE IS L>GELY :AT ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS >E4 ,ONE MU/ BE C>EFUL NOT TO R$UCE ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CULTURE TO ANY ONE 7OR TWO OR ?REE7 DIM5SION7S71 BUT TO SEE IT AS A :OLE1 AS0! SELF-CONCEPTION 9 T]MS ( :I* MO/ ,NEGROES HAVE ACTUALLY LIV$ & MOV$1 & HAD !IR P]SONAL BE+ = ALL !SE YE>S10 AS ! NOVELI/ & CRITIC ,ALB]T ,MURRAY WROTE 9 #a#i#g4.<#a.> ,FUR!R1 CULTURE IS NOT JU/ A REFLECTION ( SOME MORE BASIC 7:I* USUALLY MEANS MORE MAT]IAL7ASPECT ( EXI/5CE2 IT IS A P>TLY 9DIVIDUAL1 P>TLY COLLECTIVE WAY ( F9D+ PATT]N 9 LIFE 9 ! PRES5T1 PA/1 & 5VISION$ FUTURE4 ,TO QUOTE ,MURRAY AGA9--HE IS TALK+ AB\T BLUES MUSIC1 BUT ! PO9T IS TRUE AB\T ,BLACK CULTURE OV]-ALL--IT IS NOT JU/ A WAY ( 0MAK+ HUMAN EXI/5CE BE>-ABLE PHYSICALLY OR PSY*OLOGICALLY10 BUT 0TO MAKE HUMAN EXI/5CE MEAN+FUL07#e#h74 

,ONE ( ! BE/ WAYS TO LE>N AB\T ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CULTURE IS TO READ ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN LIT]ATURE--PL5TY ( IT1 FICTION1 POETRY1 DRAMA1 ESSAYS1 AUTOBIOGRAPHY1 FROM ! EI<TE5? C5TURY TO TODAY4 ,AFT] ALL1 >TI/IC CREATION ( ALL K9DS (T5 PROVIDES AS COMPLEX & S]I\S A VIEW ( SOCIAL1 MORAL1 & E?ICAL REALITIES AS POLITICAL WRIT+--OR MORE SO4 ,H[EV]1 9 LOOK+ AT ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN LIT]ATURE ONE MU/ GU>D AGA9/ ASSUM+ ?AT ONE KN[S 9 ADVANCE :AT DEF9ITION ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CULTURE IS VALID & !N EVALUAT+ ! >TI/S ONE READS ACCORD+ TO H[ CLOSE !Y COME TO ?IS CONCEPTION4 ,?IS APPROA* USUALLY MEANS ONE ASSUMES ?AT ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS >E DEF9$ BY SOME OBJECTIVE CATEGORY 7NATION1 SUP]EXPLOIT$ SECTION ( CLASS1 ETC47 & ?AT ! WRIT]S' SUBJECTIVE IDEAS AB\T ID5TITY >E ACCURATE OR DI/ORT$ REFLECTIONS ( ?IS REALITY4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ?IS IS A V>IETY ( AB/RACT1 R$UCTIONI/ ?9K+4 ,ONE NE$S TO />T FROM ! O!R 5D3,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN LIT]ATURE IS A WAY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS HAVE HAD ( DEF9+ & DET]M9+ 7DECID+ BY DEF9+7 !IR ID5TITY1 & BY READ+ DIFF]5T ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN AU?ORS1 ONE CAN SEE :AT ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS ?9K AB\T ?IS ID5TITY1 I4E41 :AT IT IS4 ,& ONE MU/ GU>D AGA9/ BE+ SATISFI$ ) FIR/ IMPRESSIONS & GLIB G5]ALIZATIONS--ONE MU/ UND]/& ! DEP? & COMPLEXITY ( ! TOPIC1 ! EXI/5CE ( A LONG PRIOR DISCUSSION ) ITS [N MAJOR & SECOND>Y TR5DS4 

,RALPH ,ELLISON 7#a#i#a#d-#a#i#i#d7 IS AMONG ! MO/ COMPLEX & ORIG9AL ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN NOVELI/S & ESSAYI/S4 ,ELLISON WAS BORN 9 ,OKLAHOMA ,CITY1 ATT5D$ ,TUSKEGEE ,9/ITUTE 7N[ ,TUSKEGEE ,UNIV]SITY7 BUT DID NOT GRADUATE1 & MOV$ TO ,NEW ,YORK 9 #a#i#c#g4 ,!RE1 HE WAS HELP$ BY ,LANG/ON ,HU<ES & BEFRI5D$ BY ,RI*>D ,WRI<T1 & WAS CLOSE TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY = SEV]AL YE>S1 UNTIL HE CONCLUD$ ?AT ! ,C,P SUBORD9AT$ ,NEGROES' 9T]E/S TO ITS [N DESIRE = P[]4 ,9 LAT] YE>S HE WAS A POLITICAL LIB]AL4 ,HE IS MO/ FAM\S = HIS NOVEL ,9VISIBLE ,MAN 7#a#i#e#b71 :I* DEVELOPS A DI/9CTIVE VIEW ( RACIAL ID5TITY & ,U4,S4 SOCIETY--A VIEW HE ADDS TO & ALSO *ANGES 9 HIS F9AL NOVEL1 ,JUNETE5?4 ,?IS WORK1 ! C5TRAL PORTION ( A MU* L>G] PLANN$ ?REE-P>T NOVEL ?AT HE WORK$ ON = ! LA/ =TY YE>S ( HIS LIFE1 WAS $IT$ AFT] HIS DEA? BY ,JOHN ,F4 ,CALLAHAN & PUBLI%$ SEP>ATELY 9 #a#i#i#i4.<#b.> ,MO/ ( ,JUNETE5? WAS WRITT5 FROM ! #a#i#eS TO ! #a#i#gS2 ,ELLISON'S LAT] WORK WAS ON O!R SECTIONS ( HIS UNF9I%$ MANUSCRIPT4 

,JUNETE5? C5T]S ON TWO *>ACT]S3 A RACI/ :ITE ,U4,S4 S5ATOR1 ,ADAM ,SUNRAID]1 :O IS FATALLY %OT ON ! ,S5ATE FLOOR SOMETIME 9 ! #a#i#eS1 & AN OLD] ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN M9I/]1 ,REV4 ,ALONZO ,Z4 0,DADDY0 ,HICKMAN1 :O1 WE LE>N1 RAIS$ ! FUTURE S5ATOR AS A BOY PREA*]1 ,BLISS1 9 HIS CONGREGATION E>LI] 9 ! C5TURY4 ,AS EV5 ?IS SKET* SUGGE/S1 ,JUNETE5? IS NOT 9T5D$ AS A SOCIAL-REALI/ NOVEL BUT AS A K9D ( COMIC-TRAGIC TALL TALE AB\T RACIAL ID5TITY 9 ! ,U4,S4 & :AT ,ELLISON SEES AS ! IMPORTANCE ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CULTURE 9 & = ! /RUGGLE = DEMOCRACY4 

,TO UND]/& :AT ,JUNETE5? SAYS AB\T ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY1 WE FIR/ NE$ TO LOOK V]Y QUICKLY AT ,9VISIBLE ,MAN'S VIEW ( ! SAME TOPIC4 ,AS ?AT NOVEL'S MANY READ]S WILL REMEMB]1 IT IS TOLD BY A FIR/-P]SON N>RATOR :O NEV] REVEALS HIS NAME1 :O IS RAIS$ & $UCAT$ 9 ! S\? 9 ! #a#i#cS1 MOVES TO ,NEW ,YORK AFT] BE+ EXPELL$ FROM A ,NEGRO COLLEGE1 & EV5TUALLY JO9S & !N LEAVES ! ,BRO!RHOOD1 A RADICAL ORGANIZATION V]Y SIMIL> TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,ALMO/ EV]Y SC5E ( ,9VISIBLE ,MAN MIXES REALI/IC DESCRIPTION1 FABLE1 FOLKTALE1 METAPHOR1 & SYMBOLISM4 7,= EXAMPLE1 ! T5? *APT]1 SET 9 ! 0,LIB]TY ,PA9T0 FACTORY 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 COMB9ES REALI/IC DESCRIPTIONS ( PRODUCTION & A UNION MEET+ ) A FACTORY FLOOR PLAN REPRES5T+ ! P[] RELATIONS 9 ,U4,S4 9DU/RY & A SYMBOLIC ACC\NT ( ,U4,S4 :IT5ESS--0,IF ,IT'S ,OPTIC ,:ITE1 ,IT'S ! ,RI<T ,:ITE407 ,ALONG ! WAY ! N>RATOR 5C\NT]S MULTIPLE MODELS ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY1 FROM ! MIDDLE-CLASS PR(ESSIONALISM ( HIS COLLEGE TO ! FOLK & BLUES CULTURE ( WORK+-CLASS ,NEGROES TO ! CLASS RADICALISM & RACIAL ASSIMILATIONISM ( ! ,BRO!RHOOD1 & 9 ! PROCESS WORKS \T A CONCEPTION ( HIS [N4 ,9 A P[]FUL SC5E1 HE IS PRES5T :5 AN OLD ,BLACK C\PLE IS BE+ EVICT$1 !IR POSSESSIONS PIL$ 9 ! /REET3  
  

,I TURN$ ASIDE & LOOK$ AT ! CLUTT] ( H\SEHOLD OBJECTS :I* ! TWO M5 CONT9U$ TO PILE ON ! CURB4 ,& AS ! CR[D PU%$ ME ,I LOOK$ D[N TO SEE LOOK+ \T ( AN OVAL FRAME A PORTRAIT ( ! OLD C\PLE :5 Y\NG1 SEE+ ! SAD1 /IFF DIGNITY ( !IR FACES !RE4444 ,MY EYES FELL UPON A PAIR ( CRUDELY C>V$ & POLI%$ BONES1 0KNOCK+ BONES10 US$ TO ACCOMPANY MUSIC AT C\NTRY DANCES4444 ,POTS & POTS ( GRE5 PLANTS W]E L9$ 9 ! DIRTY SN[1 C]TA9 TO DIE ( ! COLD2 IVY1 CANNA1 A TOMATO PLANT4 ,& 9 A BASKET ,I SAW A /RAI<T5+ COMB1 SWIT*ES ( FALSE HAIR1 A CURL+ IRON1 A C>D ) SILV]Y LETT]S AGA9/ A BACKGR\ND ( D>K R$ VELVET1 READ+ 0,GOD ,BLESS ,\R ,HOME02 & SCATT]$ ACROSS ! TOP ( A *IF-FONI] W]E NUGGETS ( ,HI< ,JOHN ! ,CONQU]OR1 ! LUCKY /ONE2 & AS ,I WAT*$ ! :ITE M5 PUTD[N A BASKET 9 :I* ,I SAW A :ISKEY BOTTLE FILL$ ) ROCK C&Y & CAMPHOR1 A SMALL ,E?IOPIAN FLAG1 A FAD$ T9TYPE ( ,ABRAHAM ,L9COLN1 & ! SMIL+ IMAGE ( A ,HOLLYWOOD /> TORN FROM A MAGAZ9E4 ,& ON A PILL[ SEV]AL BADLY CRACK$ PIECES ( DELICATE *9A1 A COMMEMORATIVE PLATE CELEBRAT+ ! ,/4 ,L\IS ,WORLD'S ,FAIR4444 7#b#g#a7  
  

,! OLD C\PLE'S MIX ( POSSESSIONS1 FROM LUCKY *>M TO CURL+ IRON TO ,L9COLN PORTRAIT TO FLAG ( ,AFRICAN FRE$OM TO MEM5TO ( ! #aid ,WORLD'S ,FAIR--?AT MAGNET = PEOPLE ( ALL RACES--IS !IR ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY4 ,ELLISON'S PO9T IS ?AT ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY IS NOT ONE S+LE ?+1 ,NEGRO OR ,AFRICAN OR W\LD-BE :ITE ,AM]ICAN1 BUT A CREAT$ CULTURE AMALGAMAT+ ALL !SE4 ,9A LAT] *APT]1 HE SKET*ES A TRIO ( ZOOT-SUIT$ ,BLACK Y\?S1 0!IR LEGS SW++ FROM !IR HIPS 9 TR\S]S ?AT BALLOON$ UPW>D FROM CUFFS FITT+ SNUG AB\T !IR ANKLES2 !IR COATS LONG & HIP-TI<T ) %\LD]S F> TOO BROAD TO BE ?OSE ( NATURAL WE/]N M5444 SPEAK.<+.>A JIV$-UP TRANSITIONAL LANGUAGE FULL ( C\NTRY GLAM\R1 ?9K.<+.> TRANSITIONAL ?\<TS4440 7#d#d-#d#a74 ,ELLISON SEES ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY AS SELF-CREAT$1 FLUID1 /IT*$ TOGE!R FROM ODDS & 5DS ( EV]Y ,U4,S4 CULTURE2 ! ZOOT SUIT1 A GR\P /YLE ( ,MEXICAN ,AM]ICAN Y\? 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I ?AT CAU<T ON ) ,BLACKS & :ITE HIP/]S1 IS ! P]FECT EMBLEM ( ?IS PROCESS4 ,/ILL LAT]1 ! N>RATOR 5C\NT]S ,R9EH>T1 A PROTEAN CON-MAN :O IS M9I/]1 GAMBL]1 LOV]1 & NUMB]S-RUNN] = DIFF]5T AUDI5CES4 ,R9EH>T CLE>LY EMBODIES ! DANG] ( *AOS 9 A COMPLETELY FLUID ID5TITY )\T ANY SELF-IMPOS$ OR COMMUNAL RE/RA9TS4 ,/ILL1 ,9VISIBLE ,MAN EMPHASIZES !09F9ITE POSSIBILITIES0 ( SELF-CREAT$ ID5TITY 9 A WORLD :OSE V]Y ILLOGIC MAKES IT 0CONCRETE1 ORN]Y1 VILE & SUBLIMELY WOND]FUL0 7#e#g#f74 ,9VISIBLE ,MAN'S N>RATOR1 REF]R+ TO HIS TORM5TORS1 CALLS ?IS SELF-CREAT$1 FLUID1 AMALGAMAT$ MIX ( CULTURAL 9FLU5CES 0! BEAUTIFUL ABSURDITY ( !IR ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY & M9E0 7#e#e#i74 

,ELLISON ADDS1 9 LAT] ESSAYS1 ?AT ! OV]ALL ,U4,S4 CULTURE1 MUSIC1 & LANGUAGE >E P>TLY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN3 0,! ,AM]ICAN LANGUAGE [ES SOME?+ ( ITS DIRECTNESS1 FLEXIBILITY1 MUSIC1 IMAG]Y1 MY?OLOGY1 & FOLKLORE TO ! ,NEGRO PRES5CE4 ,IT IS1 NOT1 !RE=E1 A PRODUCT ( ':ITE' CULTURE AS AGA9/ 'BLACK' CULTURE2 RA!R IT IS ! PRODUCT ( CULTURAL 9TEGRATION40 ,!RE=E1 ,U4,S4 SPEE* 0IS P>TLY ! CREATION ( A VOICE :I* F\ND ITS ORIG9 9 ,AFRICA07,COLLECT$ ,ESSAYS #d#c74.<#c.> 

,JUNETE5? RE/ATES BUT ALSO GOES BEYOND & *ANGES ?IS VIEW ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY4 ,ASIDE FROM GIV+ A MU* MORE SCOR*+ PICTURE ( A CORRUPT POLITICAL SY/EM ?AN ,9VISIBLE ,MAN1 ,JUNETE5? PLACES MORE EMPHASIS ON COMMUNITY1 SPECIFICALLY ! SU/A9+ VALUE ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN COMMUNITY & CULTURE4 ,IT ALSO /RESSES :AT ,ELLISON SEES AS AN ORGANIC L9K BETWE5 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN LIFE & IDEALS ( DEMOCRACY--AS ,REV4 ,HICKMAN ?9KS TO HIMSELF LATE 9 ! BOOK1 0,IF WE CAN'T CRY = ! ,NATION1 !N :O8 ,BECAUSE :O ELSE DRAWS !IR GRIEF & CON/]NATION FROM A LONG] KN[L$GE OR FROM A DEEP] & MORE DESP]ATE HOPE8 ,& :O'VE PAID MORE 9 TRY+ TO A*IEVE !IR BETT] PROMISE807#b#g#d74.<#d.> ,& ,JUNETE5? MOVES FROM IRONY1 ! MA9 >TI/IC MODE OR =M ( ,9VISIBLE ,MAN1 TO PROPHETIC SPEE*1 ! K9D ( SPEE* NE$$ TO MOVE T[>D A NONRACIAL DEMOCRACY1 0,BLISS40 

,JUNETE5?'S TITLE REF]S TO ! ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ,JUNETE5? HOLIDAY1 ORIG9ALLY CELEBRAT$ 9 ,TEXAS & LAT] 9 O!R S\!RN & S\?WE/]N /ATES ?R\< ! E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURY1 & REVIV$ 9 REC5T DECADES4 ,! HOLIDAY COMMEMORATES ! L&+ ( ,UNION TROOPS 9 ,GALVE/ON1 ,JUNE #a#i1 #a#h#f#e--TWO & A HALF YE>S AFT] ! ,EMANCIPATION ,PROCLAMATION--) ! NEWS ( & P[] TO 5=CE EMANCIPATION4 ,?US IT CELEBRATES EMANCIPATION--BUT1 SPECIFICALLY1 BELAT$ EMANCIPATION &1 ?R\<-\T MO/ ( ITS HI/ORY1 FRE$OM PROMIS$ & D5I$1 & SO IT PROVIDES AN APT FOCUS = ,JUNETE5?'S C5TRAL EV5TS4.<#e.> 

,! NOVEL BEG9S ) ! %OOT+ ( ,S5ATOR ,SUNRAID]1 A LIB]AL & ALSO A RACE-BAIT] :O REPRES5TS A ,NEW ,5GL& /ATE BUT--?\< APPE>+ :ITE--WAS RAIS$ 9 ! DEEP S\? AS ,BLISS 9 ,HICKMAN'S ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CONGREGATION1 :I* HE LAT] AB&ON$4 ,HICKMAN & HIS CONGREGANTS1 :O HAVE KEPT TRACK ( ,BLISS ?R\< ! YE>S1 >E 9 ,WA%+TON TRY+ TO W>N ! S5ATOR ( DANG] :5 ! %OOT+ OCCURS AS HE DELIV]S A SPEE* ?AT MIXES ,U4,S4 IDEALISM & SLURS AB\T ,NEGROES 9 ,CADILLACS1 ! 0,COON ,CAGE ,EI<T40 ,HICKMAN IS BR\<T TO ! HOSPITAL AT ! S5ATOR'S REQUE/1 & ! RE/ ( ! NOVEL CONSI/S ( !IR FRAGM5T>Y CONV]SATIONS1 %>$ & 9DIVIDUAL MEMORIES1 & F9ALLY ! S5ATOR'S DREAM-DELIRIUM AS HE S9KS T[>D DEA?4 ,?IS =MAT LETS ,ELLISON MOVE BACK & =? 9 TIME TO CREATE A K9D ( MEMORY-MONTAGE4 ,! MEMORIES VE] AMONG ! FUTURE S5ATOR'S Y\NG MANHOOD 9 #a#i#bS ,OKLAHOMA 7AN IDYLLIC LOVE AFFAIR MIX$ ) REF]5CES TO MOB VIOL5CE & ,K,K,K RALLIES71 A SEQU5CE ( SEV]AL *APT]S AT ! ,JUNETE5? FE/IVAL ?AT SUPPLIES ! BOOK'S TITLE1 ,BLISS'S E>LY CURIOSITY AB\T ! :ITE WORLD AT ! MOVIES & ! CIRCUS1 A FEW H9TS ( HIS LAT] POLITICAL C>E]1 & ,HICKMAN'S MEMORIES ( HIS BIR?1 NE> ! 5D ( ! BOOK4 7,IT APPE>S ?AT ,BLISS'S MO!R & P]HAPS FA!R W]E :ITE1 BUT ?AT ! MO!R ACCUS$ ,HICKMAN'S BRO!R ( RAPE1 BR++ AB\T HIS KILL+ BY A :ITE MOB2 9 A RELUCTANT ACT ( M]CY1 ,HICKMAN LAT] ACCEPT$ ! NEWBORN *ILD FROM ! MO!R & RAIS$ HIM47 ,DESPITE HIS :ITE SK91 ,BLISS IS ACCEPT$ BY O!RS 9 HIS *ILDHOOD COMMUNITY AS COMPLETELY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN--?\< HIS PLAYMATES ?9K !Y DETECT0COLOR$10 0,9DIAN10 & 0CRACK]0 BLOOD 9 HIS ACTIONS 7#e#e74 ,& WE REALIZE NOT ONLY ?AT Y\NG ,BLISS WAS ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN--BECAUSE HIS CULTURE WAS--BUT ?AT HIS ,$5IC BOYHOOD NAME IS MEANT S]I\SLY2 ! TIME :5 ?IS :ITE BOY LIV$ AMONG ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS & WAS ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN WAS P>ADISE4 

,SEV]AL P>TS ( ?IS DELIB]ATELY TANGL$ PATT]N ( MEMORY >E CRUCIAL = ,ELLISON'S IDEAS AB\T ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN & ,U4,S4 ID5TITY4 ,! FIR/ IS ! ,JUNETE5? FE/IVAL ?AT FILLS F\R C5TRAL *APT]S4 ,DUR+ ! FE/IVAL1 ,HICKMAN DELIV]S A LONG S]MON ?AT ESS5TIALLY CONTA9S ,ELLISON'S [N IDEAS4 ,IT IS A SYMBOLIC-METAPHORIC N>RATIVE ( ,AFRICAN 5SLAVEM5T1 SURVIVAL1 & FUSION ) A NEW L&1 PREA*$ 9 CALL-&-RESPONSE FA%ION ) ! *ILD ,BLISS4 ,?IS MY?IC N>RATION EVOKES ! KABBALIC TRADITION ( ,ADAM ,KADMON1 ! PRIMORDIAL HUMAN DIVID$ TO =M PRES5T HUMANITY1 AS WELL AS ! PROPHET ,EZEKIEL'S PROMISE ( RESURRECTION 9 ! VALLEY ( DRY BONES1 A C5TRAL R$EMPTIVE TEXT 9 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN TRADITION 7#a#b#e-#b#g74 ,EZEKIEL'S VISION ( ! BONES ?AT 0/OOD UP UPON !IR FEET1 AN EXCE$+ GREAT >MY10 & ( ,GOD'S PROMISE1 0,O MY PEOPLE1 ,I WILL OP5 Y\R GRAVES1 & CAUSE Y\ TO COME UP \T ( Y\R GRAVES1 & BR+ Y\ 9TO ! L& ( ,ISRAEL0 7#c#g3#a-#a#b71 BECOMES ONE ( A PRIMORDIAL COLLECTIVE HUMAN /OL5 FROM ITS HOMEL&1 *OPP$ 9TO PIECES & BURI$ 9 ,AM]ICAN L&1 WAT]$ 9 IT1 !N JO9$ TOGE!R1 0REBIR!D FROM ! E>? ( ?IS L& & REVIVIFI$ BY ! ,WORD0 7#a#b#g74 ,GIV5 0A NEW LANGUAGE444 A NEW NAME & A NEW BLOOD0 7#a#b#g71 ?IS PEOPLE HAS FUZ$ ) ,AM]ICAN SOIL YET RETA9$ ITS DIFF]5CE3  
  

,?IS L& IS \RS BECAUSE WE CAME \T ( IT1 WE BL$ 9 IT1 \R TE>S WAT]$ IT1 WE F]TILIZ$ IT ) \R DEAD4444 ,WE KN[ :]E WE >E BY ! WAY WE WALK4 ,WE KN[ :]E WE >E BY ! WAY WE TALK4 ,WE KN[ :]E WE >E BY ! WAY WE S+4 ,WE KN[ :]E WE >E BY ! WAY WE DANCE4 ,WE KN[ :]E WE >E BY ! WAY WE PRAISE ! ,LORD ON HI<4 ,WE KN[ :]E WE >E BECAUSE WE HE> A DIFF]5T TUNE 9 \R M9DS & 9 \R HE>TS4 7#a#c7  
  

,?IS S5SE ( A CULTURALLY DI/9CT1 SU/A9+ ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY & DE/9Y ROOT$ 9 ,U4,S4 HI/ORY IS ! CORE ( ,HICKMAN'S MESSAGE4 ,HICKMAN'S WORDS MA9TA9 SOME SIMIL>ITY TO ! IDEA ( A SELF-CREAT$1 PR(\NDLY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY 9 ,9VISIBLE ,MAN'S ZOOT-SUIT]S EPISODE4 ,BUT ! DIFF]5CES >E SIGNIFICANT4 ,JUNETE5? SPEAKS ( A HI/ORICALLY =G$1 COLLECTIVE ID5TITY ( 5DURANCE1 SPECIFICALLY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN 9 A CULTURAL RA!R ?AN G5ETIC S5SE--A CULTURAL FUSION BORN ( DISMEMB]M5T1 BURIAL & RESURRECTION 9 ,AM]ICAN E>?1 AN ID5TITY ( 0WE0 AS OPPOS$ TO 0!Y0 7#a#c-#c#a71 EV5 ?\< ! RELATION%IP TO 0!Y10 0! O!RS10 IS NOT ANTAGONI/IC BUT R$EMPTIVE4 

,?IS ID5TITY IS PROPHETIC1 BE+ CREAT$ BY ,GOD = ! PURPOSE ( =M+ :AT ,HICKMAN CALLS 0A NEW K9D ( HUMAN4 ,MAYBE WE WON'T BE ?AT PEOPLE BUT WE'LL BE A P>T ( ?AT PEOPLE1 WE'LL BE AN ELEM5T 9 !M0 7#a#b#h74 ,& ! ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE >E *>G$ ) ! TASK ( R$EEM+ ! :OLE NATION3 0,TIME WILL COME R\ND :5 WE'LL HAVE TO BE !IR EYES0 7#a#c#a74 ,?IS EXTRAORD9>Y S5SE ( A R$EMPTIVE ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN MISSION ( S]VICE TO DEMOCRACY IS1 ( C\RSE1 SYMBOLIZ$ BY ,HICKMAN'S--! HICK MAN'S--FIDELITY TO & VIGIL OV] ! DY+ S5ATOR1 ! SUN RAID] :O HAS FL[N TOO HI< & FALL54 

,ANO!R EPISODE CRUCIAL = ,ELLISON'S S5SE ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN & ,U4,S4 ID5TITY GR[S \T ( LAT] EV5TS AT ! FE/IVAL1 :5 A :ITE WOMAN BUR/S 9TO ! PRAY] >EA & CLAIMS ,BLISS AS H] *ILD4 7,S9CE WE HAVE NOT YET REA*$ ,HICKMAN'S MEMORIES ( ,BLISS'S BIR?1 WE >E NOT SURE ?AT H] /ORY IS FALSE2 NOR IS ,BLISS47 ,AL?\< ! CONGREGATION REPULSES H]1 ! 9CID5T BEG9S ! FASC9ATION ) ! :ITE WORLD ?AT ULTIMATELY LEADS ,BLISS AWAY FROM HIS ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN COMMUNITY4 ,IF ,JUNETE5? P>TLY CELEBRATES POSSIBILITIES ( NONRACIAL DEMOCRACY1 EMBODI$ 9 A *ILD :O APPE>S :ITE BUT IS RAIS$ ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN1 ?IS SECTION W>NS ( ! DANG]S ( UNROOT$NESS & ! P[]FUL GRAVITATIONAL PULL ( ! MAJORITY ,U4,S4 CULTURE4 ,BLISS BEG9S ALMO/ AT ONCE TO ACCEPT ! :ITE WOMAN'S CLAIMS1 TRANSF]S TO H] BO? HIS QUE/IONS AB\T HIS UNKN[N MO!R & HIS AWAK5+ SEXUALITY1 LE>NS TO DEVALUE ! ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN WOM5 :O SURR\ND & C>E = HIM1 & BEG9S TO GLIMPSE ! POSSIBILITY ( BECOM+ OR SEEM+ :ITE4 ,ULTIMATELY1 9 A LAT] EPISODE1 HAV+ RUN AWAY FROM ! CONGREGATION 9 ,ATLANTA1 HE SEES0H]0--! :ITE ACTRESS 9 A MOVIE PO/]1 :OM HE FANTASIZES AS HIS MO!R--9 A MOVIE PALACE COLOR$ R$1 :ITE1 & BLUE 7#b#e#g74 ,ALONE1 HE IS ABLE TO PASS = :ITE1 BUT PO/PONES ! ATTEMPT :ILE HE 5GAGES 9 A RITUAL ( IMITATION1 FOLL[+ 7& BRIEFLY PREC$+1 BACKW>DS71 A :ITE BOY ON A BICYCLE ADORN$ ) ICONS ( RACIAL1 SEXUAL1 MILIT>Y1 & CIVIL P[]--,CONF$]ATE FLAGS & COON TAILS1 A BULL1 A ,U4,S4 EAGLE1 A POLICEMAN 7#b#e#h74 ,ULTIMATELY 5T]+ ! !AT] 7?\< ! TICKET-TAK] IS ON TO HIM7Y\NG ,BLISS FAILS TO FUZE ) ! FILM'S :ITE MO!R-GODDESS1 YET REALIZES HIS POSSIBLE FUTURE3  
  

444! WORLD HAD GR[N L>G] = MY HAV+ 5T]$ ?AT =BIDD5 PLACE & YET SMALL] = N[ ,I KNEW ?AT ,I C\LD 5T] 9 IF ,I 5T]$ !RE ALONE47#b#f#e7  
  

,WE REALIZE ?AT ?IS IS ! CRUCIAL MOM5T 9 ,BLISS'S M5TAL DEVELOPM5T3 HE CAN HAVE ALL ! ,U4,S4 (F]S IF HE 5T]S ! PALACE ( ITS CULTURE 0ALONE10 SEP>AT$ FROM ! ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN COMMUNITY ?AT HAS N\RI%$ HIM4 

,FROM ?IS CROSSROADS ,HICKMAN'S & ! S5ATOR'S MEMORIES DEVELOP SEP>ATELY1 LEAD+ TO A F9AL DREAM-DELIRIUM EPISODE 9 ! DY+ S5ATOR'S M9D4 ,TOO COMPLEX TO SUMM>IZE FULLY1 ! SEQU5CE RECAPS P>TS ( ! S5ATOR'S LIFE 9 DREAM SYMBOL1 9CLUD+ A DRAWN \T1 GROTESQUE PIGEON-%OOT AT A C\NTRY CLUB ?AT BASICALLY EMBODIES HIS[N C>E] 9 ! ,S5ATE4 ,F9ALLY1 HE EM]GES 9TO A CITY /REET & 5C\NT]S A 0B5T LITTLE BLACK-SK9N$ WOMAN0 :O CALLS HIM \T3 HE IS AN 0OLD JACKLEGG$1 KNOCK-KNE$1 B[-LEGG$1 BOX-ANKL$1 PIGEON-TO$1 SLACK-A/$ PIECE ( PECK]WOOD TRA%444 ,Y\ IS SIMPLY NO?+1 DONE GONE TO WA/E0 & MU* MORE4 ,?IS SIBYL-WIT* ?REAT5S1 0,%,E,T,U,P6 ,OR ,AH'LL TELL Y\ :O Y\ REALLY IS60 & ! S5ATOR 0TURN$ AWAY1 AMUS$ BUT FILL$ ) A /RANGE =EBOD+4 ,NEV] M9D1 HE ?\<T1 ,I KN[ :O ,I AM1 & = ! TIME BE+ AT LEA/1 ,I AM A S5ATOR07#c#d#b-#d#c74 

,?US HE FAILS HIS LA/ *ANCE AT R$EMPTION2 AT ! PO9T ( DEA? HE CANNOT TURN FROM HIS SELF-CREAT$ ID5TITY & RECLAIM HIS BOYHOOD COMMUNITY4 ,AFT] AN 9T]VAL1 ! ,CADILLAC ( HIS FATEFUL SPEE* APPE>S1 A HOV]+ W+$ APP>ITION PA9T$ ) FLAMES & BE>+ FAMILI> EMBLEMS--BULL'S HORNS1 COON TAILS1 ! ,U4,S4 & ,CONF$]ATE FLAGS--& ! SLOGANS 0,W,E ,H,A,V,E ,S,E,C,$,$ ,F,R,O,M ,! ,M,O,!,R6 _/ ,H,U,R,R,A,H ,= ,U,S6 _/ ,T,O ,H,E,L,L ,) ,*,>,L,E,Y60 ,IT IS PEOPL$ BY ?REE 0D>K-SK9N$0 FIGURES SPEAK+ 9 ,WE/ ,9DIAN TONES1 :I* ,ELLISON (T5 USES = ! LANGUAGE ( RACE MILITANCY3 0,! MAHN DONEL[-RAT$ \R PRIDE & JOY1 SO DON'T ASK ! BAH/>D NOT'+1 JU/ %[ HE :ADT DE JOECAH K9 DO60 7#c#d#g-#d#h74 ,! S5ATOR REALIZES ?AT  
  

HE WAS WAT*+ NO ORD9>Y AUTOMOBILE444 IT WAS AN >BITR>Y ASSEMBLAGE ( *ASSIS1 :EELS1 5G9E1 HOOD1 HORNS1 NONE ( :I* HAD EV] BE5 P>T ( A S+LE C>6444 AN IMPROVIZATION ( VA/ >ROGANCE & SUBV]SIVE & MALICI\S DEFIANCE :I* !Y HAD DESIGN$ TO \T-RAGE & DE/ROY EV]Y?+ 9 ITS PA?4444 ,!Y HAVE CON/RUCT$ IT !MSELVES1 ! ,S5ATOR'S M9D W5T ON4444 ,& !Y'VE MADE ! DAMN ?+ RUN6444 ,IT'S A MAMMY-MADE1 JUNKY>D CON/RUCTION & YET ?OSE CL[NS HAVE MADE IT WORK1 IT RUNS64447#c#d#g-#d#h7  
  

,*ANT+ !IR 0MAH-TOE10 0,D[N ,WID DE ,COON ,CAWDGE1 _/,UP ,W,I,D ,D,E ,J,O,E ,C,A,H60 ! ?REE PULL ! S5ATOR 9TO ! C> 9 A 0BLA/ ( HEAT0 WE ASSUME IS ! MOM5T ( HIS DEA?1 AS HE SEEMS TO HE> 0! S\ND ( ,HICKMAN'S CON-SOL+ VOICE1 CALL+ FROM SOME:]E ABOVE0 7#c#d#h74 

,?IS RETRIBUTIVE VISION1 :I* 5DS ! NOVEL1 EVOKES !#a#i#fS 9 ITS IMAG]Y ( FLAMES & HEAT4 ,YET ?\< ,ELLISON WAS AN 9TEGRATIONI/ & SCORNFUL ( 7& SCORN$ BY7SOME ,BLACK RADICALS1 ! SC5E DOES NOT REFLEXIVELY DEPLORE RACIAL VIOL5CE OR USE ,HICKMAN SIMPLY TO /AKE \T AN 9TEGRATIONI/ /&4 ,RA!R1 ! SC5E IS A PROPHETIC VISION ( ONE K9D ( RACIAL JU/ICE1 ! WRONG K9D ACCORD+ TO ,HICKMAN & POSSIBLY NOT JU/ICE AT ALL1 BUT JU/IFI$ BY ! S5ATOR'S FAILURE TO ACCEPT HIS ID5TITY & RESPONSIBILITY4 ,HE HAS FAIL$1 & 9 ! NOVEL'S SYMBOLIC /RUCTURE ?IS MEANS ?AT ! ,U4,S4 POLITICAL CULTURE HAS SO F> FAIL$1 ?\< ,HICKMAN HAS NOT FAIL$ 9 HIS MISSION & VIGIL NOR ! Y\?S 9 !IRS4 

,! S5ATOR'S DREAM-VISION IS !RE=E BO? PROPHETIC & APOCALYPTIC1 9 ! S5SE ( AN UNVEIL+1 A REVELATION ( HIDD5 TRU?S4 ,! Y\?S1 ! S5ATOR ?9KS1 >E 0CL[NS0 :O HAVE COBBL$ UP ! C> 09 DEFIANCE ( ! LAWS ( PHYSICS1 PROP]TY RI<TS1 PAT5TS1 EV]Y?+444 & MADE IT RUN607#c#d#h74 0,CL[NS0 IS A *>G$ WORD 9 ,ELLISON1 SIGNIFY+ A HI<]-CLASS DISREG>D ( ! COMMON PEOPLE 7,9VISIBLE ,MAN#b#e1 #c#c71 & ! ILLOGIC & >BITR>9ESS ( ! C>'S P>TS M>K IT AS ,JUNETE5?'S V]SION ( 0! BEAUTIFUL ABSURDITY ( !IR ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY & M9E0 7,9VISIBLE ,MAN #e#e#i73 LIKE ! ZOOT-SUIT]S 9 ,9VISIBLE ,MAN1 ! Y\?S HAVE ASSEMBL$ A CULTURE--9 ?IS CASE A RETRIBUTIVE ONE--\T ( ODDS & 5DS & 0MADE IT RUN40 ,&1 AS ! COON TAIL & O!R P>APH]NALIA %[1 ! C> IS SIMPLY A PROJECTION ( ! EQUALLY PHANTASMAL BICYCLE ,BLISS IMAG9ES HE SAW LONG AGO1 ! DREAM Y\?S' APPROPRIATION ( & C\NT]P>T TO ! Y\NG ,BLISS'S WOR%IP ( :ITE P[]4 ,9 ! S5ATOR'S M9D--:I* WE MAY TAKE AS ! M9D ( A RACI/ CULTURE--! Y\?S & ! C> COME TO EXI/ ?R\< ! S5ATOR'S UNEASY YET >ROGANT & SELF-BL9D$ RESPONSE TO ! WIT*-SIBYL4 ,?\< ! 0,JOE-CAH0--! WILD C>D & ! C> ( ! COMMON ,JOE--IS A DE/RUCTIVE MA*9E & ?\< ,HICKMAN HAS REJECT$ RETRIBUTION1 ! ANSW]+ ACCEPTANCE FROM ! S5ATOR HAS NOT COME & MAY NEV] COME & ! C> IS ! RESULT4 ,HICKMAN'S VOICE1 S\ND+ )\T WORDS AT ! SC5E'S 5D1 HOLDS \T SOME FUTURE HOPE4 

,ELLISON'S UNF9I%$ BUT P[]FUL SECOND NOVEL DEVELOPS BUT ALSO *ANGES ! IDEAS ,I HAVE TOO BRIEFLY SUMM>IZ$ FROM ,9VISIBLE ,MAN4 ,AMONG O!R PO9TS1 ,JUNETE5? ALT]S ,9VISIBLE ,MAN'S EMPHASIS ON SELF-SELECT$ ID5TITY4 ,9VISIBLE ,MAN TAKES ITS N>RATOR ON A J\RNEY ( DISCOV]Y ( AMALGAMATION1 FLUIDITY1 & EV5 *AOS--QUALITIES EMBODI$ 9 ! EVICTEES' MIX ( POSSESSIONS1 ! ZOOT-SUIT]S' 0JIV$-UP TRANSITIONAL LANGUAGE FULL ( C\NTRY GLAM\R10 & ! ,R9EH>T EPISODE4 ,JUNETE5? MA9TA9S ,ELLISON'S BASIC CONCEPTIONS--,BLISS IS SURELY A DECL>ATION ?AT ID5TITY & RACE >E NOT G5ETIC & OBJECTIVE BUT SOCIALLY CREAT$ & P]SONALLY *OS54 ,BUT ,BLISS IS MORE ?AN JU/ AN IDEA ,ELLISON HAS ALREADY EXPLOR$4 ,F> MORE ?AN ,9VISIBLE ,MAN1 ,JUNETE5? FOCUSES ON ! SU/A9+ QUALITIES ( TRADITIONAL ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CULTURE1 ! VALUE ( COMMUNITY ID5TIFICATION1 & ! DANG] ( =GETT+ 0:O Y\ REALLY IS10 AS ! OLD WOMAN 9 ! S5ATOR'S DELIRIUM W>NS HIM4 ,FUR!R1 ,JUNETE5? DWELLS AT L5G? ON ! DANG]S ( ,R9EH>T1 BUT LOCATES ,R9EH>T'S 0VA/ SEE?+1 HOT WORLD ( FLUIDITY0 7,9VISIBLE ,MAN #d#i#h7 NOT 9 ! ANONYMITY ( URBAN ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN LIFE1 BUT 9 ! MAJORITY SOCIETY'S RUL+ CIRCLES4 ,= ,SUNRAID] IS ,R9EH>T1 HIS N[-HIDD5 NAME & ESS5TIAL NATURE ! SAME AS ?OSE--,BLISS ,PROTEUS--?AT ,ELLISON 9SI/$ W]E ,B4,P4 ,R9EH>T'S4.<#f.> ,?US ,ELLISON W>NS FIR/ ?AT IMPROVIZATIONAL ID5TITY 9 A P>TIALLY CLOS$ SOCIETY MAY LEAD TO OPPORTUNISM & TREA*]Y2 SECOND1 ?AT ! ,U4,S4 POLITICAL SY/EM IS ! >*ETYPAL >5A ( ?IS DANG]2 ?IRD1 ?AT ! POSSIBILITIES ( SELF-TRANS=MATION ,ELLISON HIMSELF HAS CELEBRAT$ >E EMPTY IF !Y MEAN =GETT+ ,J]USALEM4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 ,JUNETE5? HOLDS UP AGA9/ ! S5ATOR'S VIRTUOSO ROLE %IFTS ! CON/ANCY ( ID5TIFICATION ) A HI/ORICALLY CON/ITUT$ COMMUNITY--IF ONE SPECIFIC TO ! ,U4,S41 AS ,ELLISON CONT5DS AGA9/ NATIONALI/S & ,AFRICANI/S4 

,A SECOND CRUCIAL %IFT 9 ,JUNETE5? IS ITS USE ( ! LANGUAGE ( PROPHECY4 ,9VISIBLE ,MAN1 9 SPITE ( ! PROM95CE IT GIVES TO A GR\P ?AT RESEMBLES ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY--OR MORE ACCURATELY1 BECAUSE ( ?IS--IS SKEPTICAL AB\T EF=TS TO MAKE ! WORLD BETT]4 ,AT MO/1 WRIT+ 9 ! POLITICALLY CON=MI/ #a#i#eS1 & OPPOS+ ! ASSUM$ :IT5ESS ( ,U4,S4 SOCIETY1 ,ELLISON CALLS = 0DIV]SITY0 7#e#g#g74 ,9VISIBLE ,MAN EMPHASIZES 9DIVIDUAL ACTION & >TI/IC COMMUNICATION1 9 PREF]5CE TO POLITICAL SPEE* & ACTION4 ,CONSI/5T ) !SE ATTITUDES1 ,9VISIBLE ,MANIS WRITT5 9--& CELEBRATES--:AT ,ELLISON CALLS 0AN IRONIC1 D[N-HOME VOICE0 FILL$ ) 0E*OES ( BLUES-TON$ LAU<T]0 7,ELLISON'S 9TRODUCTION1 ,9VISIBLE ,MAN XV-XVI74 ,MANY ( ,ELLISON'S BE/ 9T]PRET]S HAVE SE5 ?IS IRONIC1 BLUES-D]IV$ SPEE* & ?\<T AS *>ACT]I/ICALLY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN--A LIFE /YLE AS WELL AS >TI/IC /YLE 0= EXPRESS+ SIMULTANE\SLY ! AGONY ( LIFE & ! POSSIBILITY ( CONQU]+ IT10 AS ! CRITIC ,JOHN ,G4 ,WRI<T SAYS 7#a#h#c71.<#g.> CONDITION$ BY ! SIMULTANE\S OP5NESS & EXCLUSION ( ,U4,S4 LIFE4 

,BUT ,JUNETE5?1 WRITT5 FROM A S5SE ( SOCIAL CRISIS1 TURNS TO AN EQUALLY IMPORTANT ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN TRADITION ( PROPHETIC SPEE* F\ND 9 WRIT]S AS V>I$ AS ,M>T9 ,DELANY & ,FRANCES ,E4 ,W4 ,H>P] 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY & 79 SECUL>IZ$ =M7 ,RI*>D ,WRI<T & ,JAMES ,BALDW9 9 ! TW5TIE?4 ,9 ?IS TRADITION ! AU?ORIAL VOICE &_/OR ONE OR MORE *>ACT]S 9VOKE DIV9E JU/ICE & FAI? 9 A NEW DAY1 OR SPEAK ( A PROMIS$ FUTURE1 RETRIBUTION1 &_/OR NEW DAWN ( JU/ICE 9 A WAY ?AT DRAWS ON BIBLICAL TRADITIONS 7& SOMETIMES LANGUAGE1 ESPECIALLY ?AT ( ,ISAIAH74 ,PROPHECY1 AS ,I USE IT1 ALSO MEANS ! ATTEMPT TO MAKE S5SE ( HI/ORY ?R\< AN UND]/OOD PATT]N ?AT MOVES FROM CORRUPTION OR DEGRADATION ?R\< R$EMPTION TO A SOCIETY ( UNIV]SAL JU/ICE--AS WELL AS ! *ALL5GES ?AT BLOCK ?IS PATT]N YET >E SE5 AS 9ESCAPABLE P>TS ( IT4 ,LESS OBVI\SLY 0V]NACUL>0 ?AN BLUES-D]IV$ IRONY1 ,*RI/IAN & PROPHETIC SPEE* >E /ILL V]Y DEEPLY BAS$ 9 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN LIFE & TRADITION4 ,AS ! CRITIC ,FRANCES ,SMI? ,FO/] >GUES10,*RI/IANITY WAS NOT MANUFACTUR$ 9 ,EUROPE & DOES 9 FACT CONTA9 BELIEFS & PRACTICES COMMON TO MANY ,AFRICAN RELIGIONS0 7XIV74.<#h.> 

,PROPHETIC SPEE* 9 !SE S5SES IS F\ND ALL ?R\< ,JUNETE5?4 ,HICKMAN HIMSELF *OOSES ,BLISS'S NAME 9 AN IRONIC MOOD--0 ,I'LL CALL HIM ,BLISS1 BECAUSE !Y SAY ?AT'S :AT IGNORANCE IS07#c#a#a7--BUT WE REALIZE ?AT ! NOVEL'S USE ( ! NAME IS NOT IRONIC2 ! LO/ POSSIBILITIES ( BRO!RHOOD >E ITS V]Y M>R[4 ,HICKMAN'S S]MONS--!RE >E TWO1 PLUS A %ORT HOMILY & M$ITATION AT ! ,L9COLN ,MEMORIAL--COMMUNICATE ! NOVEL'S MO/ SIGNIFICANT IDEAS4 ,! /ORIES ( ,HICKMAN'S MISSION & ,BLISS'S BETRAYAL & DE/RUCTION CONTA9 PORTIONS ( ! FALL & R$EMPTION PATT]N2 ,BLISS'S /ORY1 TAK5 ALONE1 IS A TRAG$Y1 BUT ONE TEMP]$ ) HOPE & FAI? 70,HICKMAN'S CON-SOL+ VOICE444071 & ,HICKMAN'S /ORY IS ONE ( R$EMPTION & /EADFA/NESS1 )1 AT ! CLOSE1 GA!R+ CL\DS ( APOCALYPTIC W>4 ,MO/ FUNDAM5TALLY1 ,JUNETE5?'S USE ( PROPHECY IS EMBODI$ 9 ! IDEA ,ELLISON BUILDS HIS /ORY ON--! NE$ = ,BLISS4 ,9 ! PLOT1 HE IS RAIS$ TO BE A PROPHET1 SOMEONE BORN FROM RACIAL SEP>ATION & HATE BUT $UCAT$ TO GIVE LEAD]%IP TO ! NATION1 9 ! MANN] ( A ,L9COLN4 ,AS A N>RATIVE CREATION1 ,BLISS EMBODIES SYMBOLICALLY ! NE$ = SU* A FIGURE4 ,?\< HE IS A FAIL$ PROPHET1 ! NOVEL'S F9AL SEQU5CES URG5TLY PROCLAIM ! NE$ HE HAS NOT BE5 ABLE TO FULFILL4 ,! CLOS+ DREAM-VISION BO? MAKES CLE> ! NE$ = A PROPHET ABLE TO BRIDGE ! RACIAL GAP :ILE REMA9+ TRUE TO HIS ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ORIG9S--& IS ITSELF AN ACT ( PROPHETIC SPEE* =ECA/+ ! CO/S ( FAILURE4 

,/UD5TS ( ,U4,S4 CULTURE CAN LE>N A LOT FROM ,JUNETE5?4 ,WE CAN LE>N SOME?+ AB\T ! COMPLEXITY ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ?\<T ON ,U4,S4 LIFE1 CULTURE1 & ID5TITY3,ELLISON IS AN 9TEGRATIONI/ 9 BO? POLITICS & CULTURE1 BUT HIS 9TEGRATIONISM DOES NOT MEAN ASSIMILATION OR SUPPRESSION ( DIFF]5CES1 BUT RECOGNITION ( DIV]SITY4 ,MORE ?AN ?IS1 ,ELLISON BELIEVES ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS HAVE =G$ A HI/ORICALLY NEW ID5TITY1 NOT PURELY ,AFRICAN1 ,BLACK1 OR ,U4,S41 BUT DRAW+ ON EA* ( !SE2 HE BELIEVES ,U4,S4 CULTURE ITSELF IS P>TLY BAS$ ON ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CULTURE2 & HE BELIEVES ?IS ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ID5TITY HAS BE5 PRES5T ALL ALONG 9 ! COMMUNAL CULTURE ( ORD9>Y1 NOT ELITE1 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS1 HIS 0HICK MAN40 ,TO \TSID]S1 ! COMPLEX S5SE MANY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS HAVE ( !IR RELATION-%IP TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES (T5 APPE>S AS AN EI!R-OR MATT]3 IF ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS EMPHASIZE !IR ,AM]ICANNESS1 !Y >E ASSUM$ TO BE ASSSIMILAT+ TO :ITE CULTURE1 & IF !Y /RESS ,BLACK CULTURE & ID5TITY !Y >E ASSUM$ TO BE SYMPA!TIC TO NATIONALISM OR SEP>ATISM4 ,HICKMAN'S P[]FUL WORDS QUOT$ E>LI]1 0,?IS L& IS \RS BECAUSE WE CAME \T ( IT1 WE BL$ 9 IT1 \R TE>S WAT]$ IT1 WE F]TILIZ$ IT ) \R DEAD10 GIVE ! LIE TO SU* OV]SIMPLIFICATIONS & HELP MAKE CLE> :Y--FROM MY OBS]VATION ANYWAY--MO/ ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS HAVE 9SI/$ ON !IR ,AM]ICANNESS & !IR ,AFRICAN ,AFRICAN OR ,BLACK ID5TITY & VALU$ & DEF5D$ BO?4 ,HICKMAN'S WORDS ALSO MAKE CLE> ! COMPLEX RELATION ( MANY 7MO/7 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS TO ,U4,S4 DEMOCRACY1 AS F]-V5T BELIEV]S 9 A POLITICAL IDEAL !Y KN[ WELL HAS NEV] FULLY EXI/$4 ,ELLISON'S IDEA ?AT ,U4,S4 LIFE CONTA9S A DEMOCRATIC K]NEL ?AT ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS CAN /RUGGLE TO FRUCTIFY--AN IDEA EXPRESS$ 9 ORGANIZ+ ! NOVEL >\ND A ,JUNETE5? CELEBRATION--NOT ONLY GOES BACK AS F> AS ,FR$]ICK ,D\GLASS1 BUT PROBABLY REPRES5TS ! MAJORITY VIEW AMONG S]I\S ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN ?9K]S4 ,!SE >E PO9TS ?AT RADICALS /UDY+ ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CULTURE W\LD DO WELL TO POND] S]I\SLY & RESPECTFULLY4 

,BESIDES LE>N+ ,ELLISON'S IDEAS ON !SE PO9TS1 WE CAN LE>N ?AT HIS VIEW IS ONLY ONE AMONG MANY1 S9CE HE WORK$ IT \T 9 POLEMICAL OPPOSITION TO ASSIMILATIONI/S & CULTURAL NATIONALI/S4 ,IF WE >E GO+ TO TALK AB\T AN>*I/ POLITICS 9 ! ,U4,S41 WE WILL HAVE TO UND]/& ! RANGE ( DIFF]5T ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN IDEAS ON ?IS & O!R PO9TS1 & ?9K & WRITE CONCRETELY & MEAN+FULLY AB\T :Y \R SOCIAL P]SPECTIVE MI<T REPRES5T AN IMPROVEM5T4 

,I DON'T PRET5D TO BE ABLE TO ANSW] ?AT QUE/ION FULLY1 ?\< ,I BELIEVE ! ANSW] MU/ 9CLUDE A FULL & FREE FL[]+ ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN & O!R SO-CALL$ 0M9ORITY0 CULTURES4 ,BUT 9 ANY CASE1 BESIDES !SE SPECIFIC PO9TS1 TO /UDY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CULTURE ?R\< ! M$IUM ( LIT]ATURE 9CREASES \R UND]-/&+ ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY & SOCIAL EXI/5CE1 AS WELL AS OV]ALL ,U4,S4 HI/ORY1 SOCIAL LIFE1 & LIT]ATURE4 ,& IT HELPS CORRECT ! ONE-SID$NESS ( MU* RADICAL SOCIAL ?\<T1 ITS OV]EMPHASIS ON MAT]IAL CATEGORIES & UND]E/IMATION ( E?ICAL1 SPIRITUAL1 & >TI/IC COMPON5TS ( HUMAN SOCIETY4 

,FUR!R ,READ+ 

,BEL[ ,I LI/ SOME BOOKS BY & AB\T ! WRIT]S M5TION$ 9 MY >TICLE1 & !N A SOME:AT BROAD] LI/ ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN LIT]>Y WORKS ?AT ,I ?9K IMPORTANT OR VALUABLE4 ,I EMPHASIZE ?AT IT IS A P]SONAL LI/2 O!RS MI<T 9CLUDE SOME QUITE DIFF]5T AU?ORS & WORKS1 ?\< NO D\BT MANY W\LD APPE> ON MO/ PEOPLE'S LI/S4 

,S9CE ,JUNETE5?1 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#i#i1 IS /ILL A QUITE NEW BOOK1 NOT MU* S]I\S ANALYSIS HAS BE5 WRITT5 AB\T IT4 ,A P>TIAL EXCEPTION IS ,ROB]T ,J4 ,BUTL]1 0,JUNETE5?3 ,RALPH ,ELLISON'S ,NATIONAL ,N>RATIVE10 9 ,! ,CRITICAL ,RESPONSE TO ,RALPH ,ELLISON1 $4 BY ,BUTL] 7,WE/PORT3 ,GRE5WOOD1 #b73#b#a#g-#b#e4 ,BUT ?IS IS A FAIRLY SUP]FICIAL >TICLE & ALSO MAKES SOME FACTUAL MI/AKES4 

,TWO EXCELL5T ESSAY COLLECTIONS DEAL ) ,9VISIBLE ,MAN & ) ,ELLISON'S WORK AS A :OLE PRIOR TO ,JUNETE5?4 ,ONE1 ,NEW ,ESSAYS ON ,9VISIBLE ,MAN 7#a#i#h#h71 IS CIT$ 9 NOTES BEL[4 ,! O!R IS ,SPEAK+ = ,Y\3 ,! ,VISION ( ,RALPH ,ELLISON1 $4 BY ,KIMB]LY ,W4 ,B5/ON 7,WA%+TON3 ,H[>D ,U,P1 #a#i#h#g74 ,IT CONTA9S A WOND]FUL ESSAY1 0,ELLISON'S ,ZOOT ,SUIT10 BY ,L>RY ,NEAL1 A CULTURAL NATIONALI/ :O ONCE REJECT$ ,ELLISON'S WORK & LAT] ADMIR$ IT1 & SEV]AL O!R EXCELL5T PIECES4 ,BO? >E /ILL 9 PR9T ACCORD+ TO AMAZON4COM4 ,ROB]T ,G4 ,O',MEALLY'S ,! ,CRAFT ( ,RALPH ,ELLISON 7#a#i#h7 IS \T ( PR9T BUT 9 LIBR>IES4 

,ELLISON'S TWO ESSAY COLLECTIONS1 ,%AD[ & ,ACT 7#a#i#f#d7 & ,GO+ TO ! ,T]RITORY 7#a#i#h#f7 >E 9 PR9T 9 #aiie $ITIONS FROM ,V9TAGE & >E ALSO 9CLUD$ 9 FULL--) SOME O!R ESSAYS & 9T]VIEWS--9 ,ELLISON'S ,COLLECT$ ,ESSAYS1 CIT$ 9 NOTES BEL[4 ,CONV]SATIONS ) ,RALPH ,ELLISON1 $4 ,M>YEMMA ,GRAHAM & ,AMRITJIT ,S+H 7,JACKSON3 ,U,P ( ,MISSISSIPPI1 #a#i#i#e7 IS A FAIRLY FULL SELECTION ( 9T]VIEWS4 

,MAJOR WORKS BY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN WRIT]S M5TION$ 9 MY >TICLE 9CLUDE ,M>T9 ,R4 ,DELANY'S ,BLAKE1 OR ,! ,HUTS ( ,AM]ICA 7#a#h#e#i-#f#b71 USUALLY CONSID]$ ! FIR/ 9SURRECTION>Y NOVEL BY AN ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN 7,BEACON ,PRESS1 PAP]BACK74 ,FRANCES ,E4 ,W4 ,H>P]1 A MAJOR POET REPRES5T$ 9 AN?OLOGIES ( ,U4,S4 & ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN WRIT+1 WROTE ,IOLA ,L]OY 7#a#h#i#b7 AS WELL AS ?REE S]IALIZ$ NOVELS REC5TLY R$ISCOV]$ & CIT$ 9 NOTES BEL[4 ,IOLA ,L]OY & NUM]\S O!R NOVELS BY N9ETE5? C5TURY ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN WOM5 HAVE BE5 REPR9T$ BY ,OX=D ,U,P4 ,AMONG ,RI*>D ,WRI<T'S MANY BOOKS ONE %\LD READ ,NATIVE ,SON 7#a#i#d72 ,BLACK ,BOY 7,AM]ICAN ,HUNG]7 7#a#i#d#e1 #a#i#i#c71 HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY1 N[ RE9CORPORAT+ A MAJOR SECTION CUT BY ,WRI<T BE=E PUBLICATION2 & ,! ,\TSID] 7#a#i#e#c71 A PHILOSOPHICAL-IDEOLOGICAL NOVEL ON TOTALIT>IANISM4 ,AMONG ,JAMES ,BALDW9'S SIX NOVELS1 READ AT LEA/ ,GO ,TELL ,IT ON ! ,M\NTA91 ,GIOVANNI'S ,ROOM1 ,ANO!R ,C\NTRY1 & ,JU/ ,ABOVE ,MY ,HEAD1 HIS LA/ NOVEL2 ( HIS ESSAYS & ESSAY COLLECTIONS1 ,NOTES ( A ,NATIVE ,SON1 ,NOBODY ,KN[S ,MY ,NAME1 & ,! ,FIRE ,NEXT ,TIME >E AVAILABLE AS S+LE TITLES1 9 HIS ,COLLECT$ ,ESSAYS 9 ! ,LIBR>Y ( ,AM]ICA S]IES1 & 9 HIS [N COLLECT$ ESSAY VOLUME1 ,! ,PRICE ( ! ,TICKET4 

,?ANKS TO A PUBLI%+ BOOK 9 ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S1 MANY ( ! E>LIE/ ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN LIT]>Y WORKS >E N[ 9 PR9T1 9CLUD+ ,! ,N>RATIVE ( ,FR$]ICK ,D\GLASS1 ,AN ,AM]ICAN ,SLAVE 7#a#h#d#e2 ,P5GU971 ,9CID5TS 9 ! ,LIFE ( A ,SLAVE ,GIRL1 BY ,H>RIET ,JACOBS 7SEV]AL $ITIONS71 ! COLLECT$ WORKS ( POET ,PHILLIS ,:EATLEY 7,P5GU971 & SU* E>LY NOVELS AS ,CLOTEL1 OR ! ,PRESID5T'S ,DAU<T]1 BY ,WILLIAM ,WELLS ,BR[N 7#a#h#e#c1 LOOSELY BAS$ ON ,JEFF]SON & ,HEM+S2 ,/4 ,M>T9'S71 ,! ,G>IES & ,!IR ,FRI5DS1 BY ,FRANK ,J4 ,WEBB 7#a#h#e#g2 ,JOHNS ,HOPK9S71 & ,\R ,NIG1 BY ,H>RIET ,WILSON 7#a#h#e#i2 ,V9TAGE74 ,BESIDES ! S]IES ( WOM5'S WRIT+S M5TION$ ABOVE MANY O!R LATE N9ETE5?- E>LY TW5TIE?-C5TURY WORKS >E 9 PR9T1 9CLUD+ ! /ORIES1 NOVELS1 & POETRY ( ,*>LES ,W4 ,*ESNUTT 7,! ,M>R[ ( ,TRADITION1 #a#i#a1 IS A WOND]FUL NOVEL ,I READ ONLY REC5TLY7 & ,JAMES ,WELDON ,JOHNSON4 ,= ! ,H>LEM ,R5AISSANCE1 !RE IS AN EXCELL5T AN?OLOGY $IT$ BY ,DAVID ,LEV]+ ,LEWIS1 ,! ,PORTABLE ,H>LEM ,R5AISSANCE ,READ] 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,P5GU91 #a#i#i#d74 ,9 ADDITION1 MO/ ,H,R WRIT]S1 9CLUD+ BUT NOT LIMIT$ TO ,LANG/ON ,HU<ES 7,COLLECT$ ,POEMS1 $4 BY ,>NOLD ,RAMP]SAD & ,DAVID ,ROESSEL2 ,V9TAGE71 ,NELLA ,L>S51 ,JESSIE ,FAUSET1 ,CLAUDE ,MC,KAY1 ,C\NTEE ,CULL51 ,JEAN ,TOOM]1 & ,ZORA ,NEALE ,HUR/ON1 >E 9 PR9T2 MO/ ( ,W4 ,E4 ,B4 ,DU ,BOIS'S WORKS >E 9 PR9T1 9CLUD+ ,! ,S\LS ( ,BLACK ,FOLK 7#a#i#c7 & ,D>KWAT] 7#a#i#b7 9 ,DOV] ,?RIFT $ITIONS & HIS MAGNIFIC5T ,BLACK ,RECON/RUCTION 9 ,AM]ICA 7#a#i#c7 9 A ,SIMON & ,S*U/] PAP]BACK4 ,( ,TONI ,MORRISON'S SEV5 NOVELS1 ,SULA 7#a#i#g#c71 ,SONG ( ,SOLOMON 7#a#i#g#g71 & ,BELOV$ 7#a#i#h#g7 >E ESS5TIAL2 ,I HAD A H>D TIME ) H] TWO MORE REC5T NOVELS1 ,JAZZ 7#a#i#i#b7 & ,P>ADISE 7#a#i#i#h74 ,I DISLIKE ! NOVELS ( ,ALICE ,WALK]1 BUT A LOT ( PEOPLE ?9K HI<LY ( !M2 ,I HAV5'T READ ,*>LES ,JOHNSON1 :O IS V]Y HI<LY REG>D$4 ,AMONG LESS-KN[N WORKS1 ,JOHN ,OLIV] ,KILL5S'S ,Y\NGBLOOD 7#a#i#e#d71 AB\T A ,GEORGIA FAMILY E>LY 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 IS 9 PR9T2 HIS ,& ,!N ,WE ,HE>D ! ,?UND] 7#a#i#f#b71 BAS$ ON AN UPRIS+ BY ,U4,S4 ,NEGRO TROOPS DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 IS \T ( PR9T BUT AVAILABLE FROM US$ BOOK S\RCES2 ,ANN ,PETRY'S ,! ,/REET 7#a#i#d#e71 A ,WRI<T-9SPIR$ NOVEL TOLD FROM A WOMAN'S VIEWPO9T 7L>GELY ABS5T 9 ,WRI<T7 IS 9 PR9T4 ,AMONG MANY1 MANY POETS1 ,ROB]T ,HAYD5 7#a#i#a#c-#a#i#h7 & ,MI*AEL ,H>P] & ,YUSEF ,KOMUNYAKAA1 BO? ACTIVE TODAY1 >E RECOMM5D$4 ,! LATE ,MELV9 ,DIXON1 A M5TOR & FRI5D1 WROTE ,VANI%+ ,ROOMS1 A BEAUTIFUL1 DI/URB+ ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN GAY NOVEL1 & ,LOVE'S ,9/RUM5TS1 POETRY1 & TRANSLAT$ ! ,COLLECT$ ,POEMS ( ,LEOPOLD ,S5<OR1 PRESID5T ( ,S5EGAL4 ,MANY O!RS C\LD BE M5TION$2 & ONE %\LD READ AT LEA/ ,LI<T 9 ,AUGU/ 7#a#i#c#b71 ,! ,S\ND & ! ,FURY 7#a#i#b#h71 & ,GO ,D[N1 ,MOSES 7#a#i#d#b7 BY ,WILLIAM ,FAULKN]1 ! ONLY MAJOR :ITE WRIT] ( ! E>LI] TW5TIE? C5TURY TO DEAL CONSI/5TLY & S]I\SLY ) RACE1 & HI<LY REG>D$ BY ,ELLISON4 

.<#a.> ,ALB]T ,MURRAY1 ,! ,OMNI-,AM]ICANS3 ,SOME ,ALT]NATIVES TO ! ,FOLKLORE ( ,:ITE ,SUPREMACY4 #a#i#g4 ,REPR9T1 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,DA ,CAPO1 #a#i#i4 ,MURRAY'S TITLE CONTA9S ITS [N UN/AT$ POLEMIC3 BY 0! FOLKLORE ( :ITE SUPREMACY10 HE MEANS MO/ LIB]AL & EV5 RADICAL !ORIES AB\T ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN CONSCI\SNESS4 

.<#b.> ,RALPH ,ELLISON1 ,9VISIBLE ,MAN4 #a#i#e#b4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,V9TAGE1 #a#i#h#i4 ,JUNETE5?4 ,$4 ,JOHN ,F4 ,CALLAHAN4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,R&OM,H\SE1 #a#i#i#i2 ,V9TAGE1 #b4 

.<#c.> ,! ,COLLECT$ ,ESSAYS ( ,RALPH ,ELLISON4 ,$4 ,JOHN ,F4 ,CALLAHAN4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,MOD]N ,LIBR>Y1 #a#i#i#e4 

.<#d.> ,ELLISON USES ITALICS TO DI/+UI% ?\<T FROM SPEE*1 MEMORY FROM PRES5T TIME1 ETC4 ,MY QUOTATIONS FOLL[ HIS USAGE4 

.<#e.> ,! TITLE WAS *OS5 BY ! $ITOR1 ,JOHN ,F4 ,CALLAHAN 7,ELLISON HAD NOT 9DICAT$ ONE72 ,CALLAHAN ALSO SELECT$ ! ORD] ( SOME EPISODES1 WORK+ FROM ,ELLISON'S NOTES & HIS [N HUN*ES4 

.<#f.> 0,*ANGE ! ,JOKE & ,SLIP ! ,YOKE10 9 ! ESSAY COLLECTION ,%AD[ & ,ACT 7#a#i#f#d71 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,V9TAGE1 #a#i#g#b4 #e#f4 

.<#g.> ,JOHN ,G4 ,WRI<T1 0,! ,CONSCI\S ,H]O & ! ,RITES ( ,MAN3 ,ELLISON'S ,W>40 ,NEW ,ESSAYS ON ,9VISIBLE ,MAN4 ,$4 ,ROB]T ,O',MEALLY4 ,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,U,P1 #a#i#h#h4 #a#e#g-#h#f4 

.<#h.> ,FRANCES ,SMI? ,FO/]1 ,9TRODUCTION4 ,M9NIE'S ,SACRIFICE1 ,S[+ & ,REAP+1 ,TRIAL & ,TRIUMPH4 ,BY ,FRANCES ,E4 ,W4 ,H>P]1 $4 ,FO/]4 ,BO/ON3 ,BEACON1 #a#i#i#d4 XI-XXXVII4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #f? ,MAY #bba FROM UTOPIANMAG4COM47 

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