,RECOV]+ ,EVOLUTION3 ,A ,REPLY TO ,ECK]SLEY & ,FOX #aii ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,TAGS 3 SEIZE ! HELM ( EVOLUTION1 ECOLOGI/S & EVOLUTION>Y BIOLOGI/S1 ECOLOGY ( FRE$OM1 WALT] TRUETT &]SON1 EVOLUTION>Y & ECOLOGICAL1 DOM9ATION ( NATURE1 BLACK ROSE BOOKS1 DEEP ECOLOGI/S1 HUMAN BE+S1 WALT] TRUETT4 ,TEXT 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S 0,RECOV]+ ,EVOLUTION3 ,A ,REPLY TO ,ECK]SLEY & ,FOX01 ,5VIRONM5TAL ,E?ICS1 VOL4 #a#b1 ,FALL1 #aii APPE>S 9 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES ) ! P]MISSION ( ! AU?OR4 ,RECOV]+ ,EVOLUTION3 ,A ,REPLY TO ,ECK]SLEY & ,FOX BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9"9 ,ROBYN ,ECK]SLEY CLAIMS ]RONE\SLY ?AT ,I BELIEVE HUMANITY IS CURR5TLY EQUIPP$ TO TAKE OV] ! 0HELM0 ( NATURAL EVOLUTION4 ,9 ADDITION1 %E PROVIDES A MISLEAD+ TREATM5T ( MY DISCUSSION ( ! RELATION%IP ( FIR/ NATURE 7BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION7 & SECOND NATURE 7SOCIAL EVOLUTION74 ,I >GUE ?AT H] POSITIVI/IC ME?ODOLOGY IS 9APPROPRIATE 9 DEAL+ ) MY PROCESSUAL APPROA* & ?AT H] ,MANI*EAN CONTRA/ BETWE5 BIOC5TRISM & AN?ROPOC5TRISM VIRTUALLY EXCLUDES ANY HUMAN 9T]V5TION 9 ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,) REG>D TO ,W>WICK ,FOX'S TREATM5T ( MY WRIT+S1 ,I >GUE ?AT HE DEALS ) MY VIEWS ON SOCIETY'S RELATION%IP TO NATURE 9 A SIMPLI/IC1 N>R[LY DET]M9I/IC1 & AHI/ORICAL MANN]4 ,I FAULT BO? ( MY DEEP ECOLOGY CRITICS = LITTLE OR NO KN[L$GE ( MY WRIT+S4 ,I CONCLUDE ) AN \TL9E ( A DIALECTICAL NATURALISM ?AT TREATS NATURE AS AN EVOLUTION>Y PROCESS-NOT SIMPLY AS A SC5IC VIEW-& PLACES HUMAN & SOCIAL EVOLUTION 9 A GRAD$ RELATION%IP ) NATURAL EVOLUTION4 ,I EMPHASIZE ?AT SOCIETY & HUMANITY CAN NO LONG] BE SEP>AT$ FROM NATURAL EVOLUTION & ?AT ! K9D ( SOCIETY WE A*IEVE WILL EI!R FO/] ! DEVELOPM5T ( FIR/ NATURE OR DAMAGE ! PLANET BEYOND REPAIR4 ,I ,ROBYN ,ECK]SLEY'S 0,DIV9+ ,EVOLUTION3 ,! ,ECOLOGICAL ,E?ICS ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*90 C\LD HAVE PROVOK$ A S]I\S1 RESPONSIBLE1 & FRUITFUL DISCUSSION BETWE5 TWO DIFF]+ ECOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHIES4#a ,SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 :I* EM]GES \T ( A CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITION1 PICKS UP ! ORGANISMIC ?READ 9 ,WE/]N ONTOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY ?AT RUNS FROM ,>I/OTLE TO ,HEGEL1 ! SOCIAL TRADITION 9ITIAT$ BY ,M>X & ,KROPOTK91 & ! HI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE OP5$ BY ! AGE ( DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTIONS4 ,IT TRIES TO ADVANCE A DEF9ITION ( NATURE AS & EVOLUTION>Y PH5OM5ON1 9 CONTRA/ TO ! L>GELY AHI/ORICAL IMAGES ?AT AB\ND 9 MU* ( ! CURR5T ECOLOGICAL LIT]ATURE4 ,ECK]SLEY1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS ROOT$ DEEPLY 9 ! ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY & P>TICUL>LY 9 ! SKEPTICISM ( ,HUME1 & 9TELLECTUAL TRADITION ?AT LEADS TO A D5IAL ( CAUSALITY1 TO EMPIRICISM1 & ULTIMATELY TO SOLIPSISM4 ,H] VIEW ( NATURE IS BASICALLY /ATIC1 ALMO/ PICTORIAL 9 ITS ONE-DIM5SIONALITY1 & H] DISCUSSION IS =MAL 9 ITS TREATM5T ( IDEAS4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 A FULL COMP>ISON BETWE5 MY VIEWS & ,ECK]SLEY'S IS R5D]$ DIFFICULT BY ! ACC\NT %E--&1 TO SOME EXT5T1 ,W>WICK ,FOX--GIVES ( MY VIEWS4 0,DIV9+ ,EVOLUTION0 LEAVES A GREAT DEAL TO BE DESIR$ 9 ! WAY IT PRES5TS MY VIEWS4 ,SPACE LIMITATIONS MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE = ME TO CORRECT P>AGRAPH BY P>AGRAPH ! ]RORS ?AT FILL H] >TICLE1 LET ALONE ,FOX'S E>LI] 0,! ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY-,EC(EM9ISM ,DEBATE & ,ITS ,P>ALLELS40#b ,I W\LD BE MORE ?AT DELIGUM5TATION IS TO BE 9CLUD$ 9 SU* A DISCUSSION1 ,I WILL BE OBLIG$ TO DEVOTE ! GREAT] P>T ( MY CONTRIBUTION TO AN EXPLANATION ( :AT ,I HAVE ACTUALLY WRITT51 AS OPPOS$ TO :AT %E & O!R DEEP ECOLOGI/S ?9K ,I ?9K4 ,I,I ,ECK]SLEY'S CRITICISM RE/S ON AN ATTEMPT TO %[ ?AT ,I BELIEVE ?AT HUMANITY %\LD 0SEIZE ! HELM ( EVOLUTION0 & TAKE WANTON COMM& ( NATURE4 ,?US1 HE TELLS US1 ,I 0PRIVILEGE SECOND NATURE 7! HUMAN REALM7 OV] FIR/ NATURE 7! NONHUMAN REALM703 BECAUSE ,I WI% TO ASS]T ?IS COMM&+ POSITION ( SECOND 0OV]0 FIR/ NATURE4#c 0,! CLE> MESSAGE ( ,BOOK*9'S E?ICS1 !N10 ,ECK]SLEY WRITES1 0IS ?AT HUMANITY1 AS A SELF-CONSCI\S 'MOM5T' 9 NATURE'S DIALECTIC1 HAS A RESPONSIBILITY TO DIRECT RATIONALLY ! EVOLUTION>Y PROCESS1 :I* 9 ,BOOK*9'S T]MS MEANS FO/]+ A MORE DIV]SE1 COMPLEX1 & FECUND BIOSPH]E40#d ,LAT]1 ,ECK]SLEY OBS]VES ?AT MY 0AN?ROPOC5TRISM0 IS 0GUID$ BY OV]>*+ EVOLUTION>Y & ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES1 NOT ! 9/RUM5TAL NE$S ( HUMANS1 & APPROA* ?AT SEEKS TO RECONNECT HUMAN SOCIAL ACTIVITY ) ! NATURAL REALM40#e ,A GUILELESS READ] MI*+ EVOLUTION>Y & ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES10 :E!R IS IS M9E OR NOT4 ,APP>5TLY1 ,ECK]SLEY LABELS MY VIEW 0AN?ROPOC5TRIC0 ONLY BECAUSE IT IS HUMAN BE+S :O HAPP5 TO BE ! ONES :O >E 9VOLV$ 9 !SE 0OV]>*+ & ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES40 ,ECK]SLEY1 H[EV]1 DOES NOT P]MIT GUILELESSNESS4 0,BUT >E WE REALLY ?AT 5LIT FROM ANY SOCIAL CONTEXT1 HI/ORICAL BACKGR\ND1 OR S5SE ( DIRECTION4 ,H]E1 %E FOLL[S A TYPICALLY ,HUMEAN TRADITION1 9 :I* ONE MITICUL>1 IS !RE NOT SOME?+ SELF S]V+ & >ROGANT 9 ! 7UNV]IFIABLE7 CLAIM ?AT FIR/ NATURE IS /RIV+ TO A*IEVE SOME?+ ?AT HAS PRES5TLY REA*$ ITS MO/ DEVELOP$ =M 9 US--SECOND NATURE8#h ,ONE C\LD EASILY TURN H] SKEPTICISM 7ITSELF LAD5 ) IMPLICIT VALUES7 AGA9/ ,ECK]SLEY H]SELF & ASK10,CAN WE REALLY BE SURE ?AT SPECIES HAVE 9H]5T WOR?80 ,C]TA9LY1 SKEPTICISM & ! SE>* = AN E?ICAL GR\ND HAVE ALWAYS BE5 S\RCES ( CRISES 9 E?ICS4 ,BUT :AT C\NTS IS NOT SIMPLY ?AT AN E?ICS BE OBJECTIVELY GR\ND$ 7A T]M ,I USE REPEAT$LY & ?AT ,ECK]SLEY QUOTES71 BUT ?AT ?IS GR\ND+ BE MORE ?AT M]ELY 9TUIT$ & MORE ?AN SIMPLY V]IFIABLE 9 SOME POSITIVI/IC S5SE OR O!R4#i ,TO FOLL[ ,ECK]SLEY'S >GUM5T 9 ANO!R VE91 %E /RONGLY CONTRA/S MY PURPORT$ VIEW UNFAVORABLY ) ,WALT] ,TRUETT ,&]SON'S SUPPOS$LY MORE REASONABLE VIEW4 ,%E P>APHRASES ,&]SON'S VIEW APPROV+LY1 ?AT 0!RE IS NO ESCAP+ ! FACT ?AT :ATEV] WE DO HAS IMPLICATIONS = FUTURE ECOLOGICAL & EVOLUTION>Y PROCESSES & ?AT WE HAVE BE5 9FLU5C+ !SE PROCESSES EV] S9CE \R >RIVAL ON ! EVOLUTION>Y SC5E40#a ,:O C\LD DISAGREE8 ,O,NE W\LD SUPPOSE FROM ,ECK]SLEY'S TREATM5T ?AT ,&]SON IS BASICALLY A REASONABLE MAN ) :OM BIOC5TRI/S C\LD LIVE1 :ILE ,BOOK*9 IS SOME:AT ( AN AN?ROPOC5TRIC ROGUE4 ,BUT ANY DEEP ECOLOGI/ :O CA/S ,WALT] ,TRUETT ,&]SON'S ,TO ,GOV]N ,EVOLUTION 9 A FAVORABLE LIE ?AT PLAGUES DEEP & SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S ALIKE4 ,&]SON EV5 DISP>AGES DEEP ECOLOGY ITSELF AS A 0MODE ( DISC\RSE LONG FAVOR$ BY 9TELLECTUALS ON ! MAKE0 :O >E 5GAG$ 9 A 0,HOLI] ,?AN ,?\0 GAME4 ,HE DISMISSES DEEP ECOLOGY AS 0ONE /RATEGY = ESCAP+ FROM ! HUMAN CONDITION1 ONE ATTEMPT TO OPT \T ( ! COLLECTIVE WRONG-DO+ ( ! SPECIES4 ,& IT REFLECTS A PR(\ND BITT]NESS & ALI5ATION2 BEH9D ! CLAIM ( A SUP]IOR BIOPHILIA LURKS ! OLD FA%ION$ MISAN?ROPY40#a#a ,! GUID+ CR$O ( ,&]SON'S BOOK COMES FROM A 0P]SPECTIVE0 ?AT IS 0/RONGLY & FRANKLY AN?ROPOC5TRIC0 79 HIS [N WORDS71 AP>T FROM SOME 5VIRONM5TAL PLATITUDES ?AT ACKN[L$GE ?AT 0WE >E /ILL )9 NATURE40#a#b ,NE> ! BEG9N+ ( HIS BOOK1 HE WRITES3 ,! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T HAS BE5 TRANS=M$2 IT IS N[ AN >TIFICIAL ECOSY/EM & IT MU/ BE MANAG$ BY HUMAN ACTION4 ,?IS CANNOT BE /OPP$1 N[1 NOR CAN WE RETURN TO A NATURAL ORD] UNT\*$ BY HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,WE >E AT ! CONTROLS :E!R WE LIKE IT OR NOT4 ,IF SUDD5LY ! HUMAN RACE W]E TO DISAPPE> FROM ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN CONT95T !RE W\LD BE A P]IOD ( ECOLOGICAL *AOS FOLL[$ BY ! EM]G5CE ( A NEW BALANCE ( NATURE4 ,BUT IT W\LD HAVE V]Y LITTLE RESEMBLANCE TO ! ,AM]ICA ?AT EXI/$ BE=E ,COLUMBUS >RIV$4 ,& S9CE WE DO NOT 9T5D TO DISAPPE> & DO NOT KN[ H[ TO LIVE 9 ANY?+ BUT AN >TIFICIAL ECOSY/EM1 WE W\LD DO WELL TO CONFRONT ! FACT ?AT WE HAVE 9DE$ CREAT$ ONE & N[ MU/ MANAGE IT4 ,WE MU/ CONFRONT ! FACT ?AT \R 0SY/EM0--! :OLE POLITICAL_/SOCIAL_/ECONOMIC 9T]ACTION--MU/ GOV]N ! 5TIRE PHYSICAL SPACE ( ,AM]ICA1 ALL ITS WAT] & AIR & LIV+ CREATURES4#a#c ,DEEP ,ECOLOGI/S MAY WELL WOND] :AT ,ECK]SLEY F9DS 9 ?IS $IFY+ CR$O ?AT IS WOR?Y ( COMM5DATION4 ,DEEP ECOLOGI/S :O >E FAMILI> ) MY [N WRIT+S1 MOREOV]1 WILL WOND] :AT %E F9DS 9 !M ON :I* TO BASE A CLAIM ?AT ,I--9 CONTRA/ TO ,&]SON--CONF] ON HUMANS 0A M&ATE TO SEIZE ! HELM ( EVOLUTION ON ! GR\NDS ?AT WE HAVE GRASP$ ! DIRECTION ( EVOLUTION & >E N[ READY & ABLE TO GIVE IT A HELP+ H&40#a#d ,HAD ,ECK]SLEY EXAM9$ ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 9 A MORE ?AN CURSORY FA%ION1 %E W\LD HAVE 5C\NT]$ ! FOLL[+ PASSAGE 9 ! OP5+ *APT]3 ,IF WE ASSUME ?AT ! ?RU/ ( NATURAL EVOLUTION HAS BE5 T[>D 9CREAS+ COMPLEXITY1 ?AT ! COLONIZATION ( ! PLANET BY LIFE HAS BE5 POSSIBLE ONLY AS A RESULT ( BIOTIC V>IETY1 A PRUD5T RESCAL+ ( MAN'S HUBRIS %\LD CALL = CAUTION 9 DI/URB+ NATURAL PROCESSES4 ,?AT LIV+ ?+S1 EM]G+ AGES AGO FROM !IR PRIMAL AQUATIC HABITAT TO COLONIZE ! MO/ 9HOSPITABLE >EAS ( ! E>?1 HAVE CREAT$ ! RI* BIOSPH]E ?AT N[ COV]S IT HAS BE5 POSSIBLE ONLY BECAUSE ( LIFE'S 9CR$IBLE MUTABILITY & ! 5ORM\S LEGACY ( LIFE-=MS 9H]IT$ FROM ITS LONG DEVELOPM5T4444,TO ASSUME ?AT SCI5CE COMM&S ?IS VA/ NEXUS ( ORGANIC & 9ORGANIC 9T]RELATION%IP 9 ALL ITS DETAILS IS WORSE ?AN >ROGANCE3 IT IS %E] /UPIDITY4 ,IF UNITY 9 DIV]SITY IS ONE ( ! C>D9AL T5ETS ( ECOLOGY1 ! WEAL? ( BIOTA ?AT EXI/S 9 A S+LE ACRE ( SOIL LEAD US TO /ILL ANO!R BASIC ECOLOGICAL T5ET3 ! NE$ TO ALL[ = A HI< DEGREE ( NATURAL SPONTANEITY4 ! COMPELL+ DICTUM1 0RESPECT = NATURE10 HAS CONCRETE IMPLICATIONS4 ,TO ASSUME ?AT \R KN[L$GE ( ?IS COMPLEX1 RI*LY TEXTUR$1 & P]PETUALLY *ANG+ NATURAL KALEIDOSCOPE ( LIFE-=MS L5DS ITSELF TO A DEGREE ( 0MA/]Y0 ?AT ALL[S US FREE RE9 9 MANIPULAT+ ! BIOSPH]E IS %E] FOOLI%NESS4#a#e ,9/EAD ( CIT+ ?IS PASSAGE1 OR AT LEA/ MA9TA9+ A DEC5T RETIC5CE 9 H] >GUM5T 9 VIEW ( IT1 ,ECK]SLEY REPROA*ES ME = HOLD+ ! V]Y OPPOSITE VIEW--& PROCE$S TO REFUTE ME BY ?R[+ MY [N BELIEFS 7MANY ( :I* GO BACK TO MY E>LY WRIT+S ( NE>LY ?REE DECADES AGO7 BACK AT ME4 0,ECOLOGI/S & EVOLUTION>Y BIOLOGI/S HAVE REPEAT$LY /RESS$ \R PR(\ND IGNORANCE ( NATURE'S PROCESSES10 %E REPROA*ES ME4 0,9DE$1 ! PRES5T SCALE & DEP? ( ! 5VIRONM5TAL CRISIS IS TE/IMONY TO H[ LITTLE WE KN[ AB\T NATURE2 NOR CAN WE AF=D TO DISMISS ! POSSIBILITY ?AT NATURE IS MORE COMPLEX ?AN WE CAN KN[40#a#f ,9 PO9T ( FACT1 9 ! E>LY #a#i#fS1 TO ! BE/ ( MY RECOLLECTION1 V]Y FEW 0ECOLOGI/S & EVOLUTION>Y BIOLOGI/S0 HAD MU* TO SAY AB\T ! NE$ TO DEAL ) NATURE PRUD5TLY BECAUSE ( ITS COMPLEXITY1 AS ,I WAS ALREADY SAY+ EV5 !N4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 !RE WAS /ILL V]Y MU* ( A 0GUNG-HO0 M5TALITY ( BETT] LIV+ ?R\< *EMI/RY4 ,KN[+LY OR NOT1 ,ECK]SLEY HAS TAK5 A FREE RIDE ON A /REETC> ?AT ,I PUT 9TO S]VICE AS E>LY AS #aieb UND] ! PSEUDONYM ,LEWIS ,H]B]--& N[ %E GALL+LY ASKS ME TO PAY = H] F>E4#a#g ,I,I,I ,BECAUSE NE>LY ALL ( ,ECK]SLEY'S CRITICAL COMM5TS RE/ ON ?IS BASIC MISREPRES5TATION1 ,I CANNOT HELP BY FEEL ?AT %E IS 9T5T ON MAK+ ! WOR/ ( ANY VIEW ?AT ,I PRES5T--EV5 IF IT HAPP5S TO BE ONE ?AT %E H]SELF HOLDS1 OR IF NOT1 ONE ?AT MANY DEEP ECOLOGI/S HOLD4 ,= EXAMPLE1 NO:]E DO ,I EV] 0PRIVILEGE0 SECOND NATURE 0OV]0 FIR/ NATURE 9 ! S5SE ?AT HUMANS HAVE A RIY1 9 0,?9K+ ,ECOLOGICALLY10 MY CONCEPT ( SECOND NATURE RESEMBLES MORE CLOSELY ! NOTION ( A 0FALL5 HUMANITY0 :OSE CONTACT ) NATURE MU/ BE RE/OR$ AT A FULL] LEVEL ( MUTUALI/IC H>MONY4#a#h ,9 ?AT >TICLE1 MU* ( MY DISCUSSION ( A SECOND NATURE 7:I* ,I CALL A 0W>P$ DEVELOPM5T0#a#i7 REC\NTS ! DAMAGE SECOND NATURE HAS DONE TO BO? HUMAN & NONHUMAN NATURE1 0! MASSIVE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS IT HAS CREAT$1 & ! COMPELL+ NE$ = A 0RADICAL 9TEGRATION ( SECOND NATURE ) FIR/ NATURE ALONG F> REA*+ ECOLOGICAL L9ES0--OR :AT ,I CALL 0FREE NATURE40#b ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ,I WANT TO RE=M SECOND NATURE AS IT EXI/S4 ,FREE NATURE REPRES5TS ! 0SYN!SIS0 ( FIR/ & SECOND NATURE 9 A QUALITATIVELY NEW EVOLUTION>Y DIM5SION 9 :I* 0FIR/ & SECOND NATURE >E MELD$ 9TO A FREE1 RATIONAL1 & E?ICAL NATURE0 ?AT RETA9S ! 0SPECIFICITY0 ( FIR/ & SECOND NATURE DIVE/$ ( ALL NOTIONS ( 0C5TRICITY0 7READ3 HI]>*Y7 AS SU*4 ,! CONCEPT ( FREE NATURE IS MEANT TO EXPRESS PRECISELY ! 0E?ICS ( COMPLEM5T>ITY10 AS ,ROD]ICK ,NA% HAS REC5TLY PUT IT 9 HIS ACC\NT ( MY VIEWS1#b#a 9 :I* HUMAN CONCEPTUAL ?\E LOCAT$4 ,?IS !ME HAS RUN ?R\<\T ALL MY WRIT+S OV] MORE ?AN TWO DECADES4 ,REGRETTABLY1 ,ECK]SLEY SAYS NO?+ AB\T ! SUB/ANTIAL CLOS+ SECTION ( 0,?9K+ ,ECOLOGICALLY10 9 :I* ,I DISCUSS FREE NATURE1 OR ! !ME ( COMPLEM5T>ITY ?AT RUNS ?R\<\T MY WORK4 ,9DE$1 MY ADVOCACY ( HUMAN ECOCOMMUNITIES ?AT >E 0TAILOR$ TO ! ECOCOMMUNITIES 9 :I* !Y >E LOCAT$0 %\LD MAKE IT PAT5TLY CLE> ?AT ,I AM NOT PRIVILEG+ HUMAN 9T]E/S OV] NONHUMAN ONES4#b#b ,IT IS BASIC TO MY >GUM5T1 9 FACT1 ?AT AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY1 NO CONFLICT NE$ EXI/ BETWE5 ! TWO PRECISELY BECAUSE SECOND NATURE--) ITS HI]>*ICAL1 CLASS1 ECONOMIC1 E?NIC1 & PSY*OLOGICAL MAL=MATIONS--IS TRANSC5D$ 9 A H>MONI\S RELATION%IP AMONG HUMANS & BETWE5 HUMANITY & NATURE4 ,TO EXAM9E 9 DETAIL EV]Y 9/ANCE :]E ,ECK]SLEY1 EI!R BY OMISSION OR COMMISSION1 MISREPRES5TS MY VIEWS W\LD REQUIRE A WORK SUB/ANTIALLY LONG] ?AN H] [N4 ,NO:]E1 = EXAMPLE1 DO ,I CLAM ?AT MY 0ECOLOGICAL E?ICS (F]S ! WIDE/ REALM ( FRE$OM TO ALL LIFE =MS10 AS ,ECK]SLEY ALLEGES 9 H] SUMM>Y4 ,MY CLAIM IS F> MORE MODE/--M]ELY ?AT AN ECOLOGICAL E?IC W\LD 0ADD ! DIM5SION ( FRE$OM1 REASON1 & E?ICS TO FIR/ NATURE40#b#c ,9DE$1 AN E?ICS BAS$ ON COMPLEM5T>ITY W\LD PLACE A CON/RICTIVE BURD5 ON ! EGOI/S1 ! CORPORATE PR(ITE]S1 & ! PR$ATORY DEVELOP]S :O CLAIM !IR 0FRE$OM0 TO EXPLOIT ! NATURAL WORLD 9 ! NAME ( RUGG$ 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,9 ANO!R1 RA!R PUZZL+ EXAMPLE1 ,ECK]SLEY CLAIMS ?AT 0NO:]E0 DO ,I 0SPECIFICALLY0 DEF9E ! T]MS 09DIVIDUATION & FRE$OM OR SELFHOOD40#b#d ,NE>LY ALL MY WORKS--& P>TICUL>LY ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM--CONTA9 SU* DEF9ITIONS4 ,PAGE #adh ( ! LATT] WORK EXPLICITLY DEF9ES 0! EQUALITY ( UNEQUALS0 AS A M9IMAL =M ( FRE$OM1 9 CONTRA/ TO JU/ICE1 OR ! 09EQUALITY ( EQUALS40 ,TWO L5G?Y *APT]S1 0,! ,LEGACY ( ,FRE$OM0 & 0,! ,AMBIGUITIES ( ,FRE$OM0--NOT TO SPEAK ( ! CLOS+ *APT]10,AN ,ECOLOGICAL ,SOCITY0--ALL FOCUS ON ! HI/ORY ( FRE$OM1 ! WAYS 9 :I* IT HAS BE5 DEF9$1 ! PROBLEMS IT RAISES1 & ! AMBIGUITIES ?AT BELEAGU] IT4 ,9DE$1 IT IS DIFFICULT TO READ A S+LE ONE ( MY !ORETICAL WORKS )\T 5C\NT]+ DEF9ITIONS ( FRE$OM & HI/ORIES & ANALYSIS ( 9/ITUTIONAL =MS ( FRE$OM#b#e ,BECAUSE ,ECK]SLEY IS CONC]N$ AB\T PRECISE DEF9ITIONS1 ,I FEEL OBLIG$ TO TURN TO ASK H] AB\T H]S4 ,:AT DOES %E MEANS :5 %E APPROV+LY WRITES ?AT 9 A 0BIOC5TRIC ORI5TATIONS444BUMANS1 LIKE ANY O!R ORGANISM1 >E RECOGNIZ$ AS SPECIAL 9 !IR [N UNIQUE WAY & >E 5TITL$ TO MODIFY ! ECOSY/EMS 9 :I* !Y LIVE 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE & BLOSSOM 9 A WAY ?AT IS SIMPLE 9 MEANS & RIIETY ( WAYS4 ,:AT DOES %E SEE AS 0SPECIAL0 AB\T HUMAN BE+S1 & 9 :AT WAYS CAN !IR 0UNIQU5ESS0 BE EXPRESS$8 ,:O HAS 05TITL$0 !M TO MODIFY !SE ECOSY/EMS1 IF NOT HUMAN BE+S !MSELVES1 ) RIDS8 ,TO :AT 0RI*0 5DS %\LD !Y ASPIRE8 ,H[ DOES ,ECK]SLEY DEF9E SIMPLE & RI*NESS8 ,ECK]SLEY 9VOKES ,DONALD ,WOR/]'S CURI\S OBS]VATION ?AT ECOLOGICAL E?ICI/S 0PICK$ \T !IR VALUES FIR/ & ONLY AFT]W>DS CAME TO SCI5CE = ITS /AMP ( APPROVAL40#b#g ,BUT ?IS IS AS DISP>AG+ ( E?ICI/S AS A COMPLA9T ?AT SCI5TI/S =M !IR HYPO!SES FIR/ & ONLY AFT]W>DS TURN TO NATURE = SUPPORTIVE DATA4 ,! RA!R SIMPLE EMPIRICI/ ASSUMPTION ?AT FACTS ALONE GIVE RISE TO E?ICS & SCI5TIFIC !ORIES--9DE$1 ?AT WE SIMPLY BUILD UP \R G5]ALIZATIONS FROM BUILD+ BLOCKS CALL$ 0BRUTE FACTS0--IS SURELY AS NAIVE PHILOSOPHICALLY AS IT IS UNREFLECTIVE 9TELLECTUALLY4 ,ONE WOND]S :AT ,*>LES ,D>W9 WAS DO+ :5 HE SAIL$ TO ! ,NEW ,WORLD ON ! ,BEAGLE ) A /ORM ( EVOLUTION>Y !ORIES B\NC+ >\ND 9 HIS HEAD1 9CLUD+ ?OSE ( HIS GR&FA!R1 ,]ASMUS4 ,>E WE TO DISP>AGE HIS !ORY ( EVOLUTION--OR A !ORY ( ECOLOGICAL E?ICS--BECAUSE FACTS >E 0SELECT$0 TO SUPPORT A HYPO!SIS8 ,! QUE/ION ?AT IS REALLY AT ISSUE IS NOT ! SELECTION ( DATA TO SUPPORT A HYPO!SIS1 BUT :E!R ! HYPO!SIS IS ADEQUATELY SUPPORT$ BY DATA--&1 PHILOSOPHICALLY SPEAK+ 7AS ,I >GUE LAT]71 :AT IS MEANT BY ADEQUATE4 ,NO LESS DISCONC]T+ IS ,ECK]SLEY'S USE ( D\BLE /&>DS TO CRITICIZE MANY ( MY IDEAS4 ,AL?\< %E EXHIBITS DEEP CONC]N AB\T ! PROBLEM ( DEF9+ 0LIMITS0 ON HUMAN 9T]V5TION 9 NATURE :5 IT COMES TO MY VIEWS1 %E NEV] TR\BLES ,WALT] ,TRUETT ,&]SON ) ?IS PROBLEM1 & %E PLACES NOT ! LEA/ QUALIFICATION OR LIMIT ON H] [N VAGUE METAPHORS1 AP>T FROM ! MAXIM1 0,LIVE SIMPLY ?AT O!RS MAY SIMPLY LIVE40 ,ALAS1 IF ,H]B]T ,SP5C]'S CONCEPT ( 0SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/0 C\LD BE A 0GOOD & TRUE PA?0 9 EVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T AMONG MANY1 AS ,ECK]SLEY SUGGE/S1 WE >E 9DE$ FAC$ ) CONSID]ABLE CONFUSION4#b#h ,ANO!R D\BLE /&>D CAN BE F\ND 9 H] ACCUSATION ?AT :5 ,I MAKE USE ( A TRADITIONAL ANALOGY1 NOTABLY ! DEVELOPM5T ( A TREE FROM A SE$ TO MATURITY1 ,I COLLAPSE 0ONTOG5ETIC DEVELOPM5T4449TO PHYLOG5ETIC EVOLUTION40#b#i ,:5 ,>NE ,NAESS USES FREE:EEL+ EXPRESSIONS LIKE 0BIOSPH]ICAL EGALIT>IANISM0 RADICALLY TO DELIMIT HUMAN 9T]V5TION 9TO NATURE1 ,ECK]SLEY1 9/EAD ( TAK+ HIM TO TASK = IMPRECISION OR = US+ SWEEP+ METAPHORS ?AT C>RY HIM FROM ! NATURAL TO ! SOCIAL DOMA9 )\T QUALIFICATIONS OR TRANSITIONS1 ACCUSES HIS CRITICS ( BE+ 0OV] LIT]AL40#c ,= ,ECK]SLEY TO FOCUS ON ANALOGICAL /ATEM5TS 9 MY WRIT+S :ILE EXCULPAT+ DEEP ECOLOGI/S :O S]VE UP A M5U ( ! MO/ MIX$1 CONFUS$1 & EV5 AN?ROPOMORPHIC METAPHORS IS AN EXTRAORD9>Y EXAMPLE ( ! POT CALL+ ! KETTLE BLACK4 ,ECK]SLEY'S POLEMICAL ZEAL GETS A BIT \T ( CONTROL :5 %E EV5 IMPUGNS DIV]SITY AS A DESID]ATUM--APP>5TLY AS LONG AS ,I FAVOR IT4#c#a ,IRONICALLY1 AP>T FROM AGRICULTURE1 NO:]E HAVE ,I >GU$ ?AT DIV]SITY %\LD BE 0MANAG$10 AL?\< ,I FRANKLY FAIL TO SEE :AT IS WRONG ) FO/]+ DIV]SITY IF WE >E1 9 FACT1 TO RE/ORE ECOCOMMUNITIES ?AT HAVE BE5 VIRTUALLY D5UD$ ( COMPLEX FOOD WEBS4 ,NOR DO ,I (F] ANY 0TR\BL+ SC5>IOS = ?OSE CONC]N$ ) NATIVE ECOSY/EMS0 7:ATEV] ! WORD NATIVE MEANS TODAY1 GIV5 ! VA/ ALT]ATIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 MADE OV] PA/ MILL5NIA BY NATURAL AS WELL AS HUMAN ACTIVITY74 ,C]TA9LY ,I NO:]E PROMOTE ! VIRTUES ( LOGG+ ROADS1 CLE> CUTT+1 & ! LIKE4 ,CONTR>Y TO MISLEAD+ *>ACT]IZATIONS ( ME ?AT HAVE BE5 MADE BY SOME ,E>? ,FIR/6]S & DEEP ECOLOGI/S1 ,I HAVE MILITANTLY F\ CUTT+1 & EV5 FAIRLY M9IMAL EF=TS TO DI/URB 0NATIVE0 ECOCOMMUNITIES = ! GREAT] P>T ( A HALF-C5TURY4 ,ECK]SLEY'S POLEMICAL ZEAL REA*ES IT ACME :5 %E CRITICIZES SU* RELATIVELY M9IMAL PRACTICES AS P]MACULTURE = BE+ AN?ROPOC5TRIC ON ! GR\NDS ?AT P]MACULTURE SELECTS SPECIES ?AT >E NE$$ = HUMAN NUTRITION AT ! EXP5SE ( NATIVE LIFE =MS & !REBY DISLOCATES 0NATIVE0 HABITATS4 ,:AT1 IF Y\ PLEASE1 IS FOOD CULTIVATION ALL AB\T8 ,BY ?IS LOGIC1 BE>S >E BE+ ,URSIDAE-C5TRIC :5 !Y PAW 9TO BEEHIVES & GORGE 0SELFI%LY0 ON HONEY )\T REG>D TO ! 09TR9SIC WOR?0 ( ! BEES1 NOT TO SPEAK ( !IR CRUCIAL ROLE 9 MANY ECOCOMMUNITIES4 ,IF EV5 P]MACULTURE IS AN?ROPOC5TRIC 9 ,ECK]SLEY'S EYES1 >E HUMAN BE+S TO BE CRITICIZ$ = 9T]F]+ EV5 ON A M9IMAL BASIS ) O!R LIFE =MS 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 !MSELVES8 ,9 ?AT CASE1 ,WALT] ,TRUETT ,&]SON MY BE QUITE JU/IFI$ 9 CLAIM+ ?AT BEH9D ?IS K9D ( 0BIOPHILIA0 LIES A GOOD 0OLD-FA%ION$ MISAN?ROPY40#c#b ,I,V ,F9ALLY1 ,ECK]SLEY EXPRESSES SOLID>ITY ) ,W>WICK ,FOX 9 ATTEMPT+ TO DISSOCIATE HUMAN EF=TS TO 0DOM9ATE NATURE0 FROM !IR ROOTS 9 SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,TOGE!R !Y 0REFUTE0 AN IMPORTANT CONNECTION ?AT ,I HAVE MADE BY OBSCUR+ MY DI/9CTION BETWE5 IDEOLOGY & REALITY ON ! ONE H& BY MAK+ \T TO BE A DET]M9I/ ON ! O!R4 ,I DO NOT KN[ H[ (T5 ,I HAVE TO REPEAT ?AT !RE IS A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! IDEA ( DOM9AT+ NATURE--AN IDEOLOGY--& ACTUALLY DOM9AT+ NATURE4 ,! DOM9ATION ( NATURE IS AN OXYMORON ?AT IS ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE TO A*IEVE IF ONLY BECAUSE ALL PH5OM5A >E1 9 A BROAD S5SE1 0NATURAL40 ,ECK]SLEY1 H[EV]1 IGNORES ! FACT ?AT MY WRIT+S FOCUS ON ! IDEA ( DOM9AT+ NATURE1 NOT ON ! ACTUAL DOM9AT+ ( NATURE1 :I* ,I REPEAT$LY1 9DE$ EMPHATICALLY1 CLAIM IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,?US1 %E DEM&S E>LY ON 9 H] PIECE1 0,H[ F> DOES .<,BOOK*9.> GO 9 *ALL5G+ ! HUMAN DOM9ATION ( NATURE80#c#c ,! DI/9CTION BETWE5 0DOM9AT+ NATURE0 & ! IDEA ( DOM9AT+ NATURE IS NOT AN IDLE ONE4 ,I AM NOT CONC]N$ EXCLUSIVELY ) :E!R A GIV5 SOCIETY 7BE IT HI]>*ICAL OR EGALIT>IAN7 ACTUALLY DAMAGES ! ECOCOMMUNITY 9 :I* IT IS LOCAT$2 ,I AM ALSO CONC]N$ ) :E!R IT IDEOLOGICALLY ID5TIFIES HUMAN PROGRESS ) ! IDEA ( DOM9AT+ NATURE4 ,I AM CONC]N$1 9 EFFECT1 ) A BROAD CULTURAL M5TALITY & ITS UND]LY+ S\RCES--NOTABLY1 ! PROJECTION ( ! IDEA ( SOCIAL DOM9ATION & CONTROL 9TO NATURE--NOT ) TRANSI5T BEHAVIOR PATT]NS ?AT COME OR GO AS A RESULT ( OPPORTUNI/IC1 (T5 HI/ORICALLY %ORT-LIV$ CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,UND] CAPITALISM 7CORPORATE OR /ATE71 ! IDEA ( CONTROLL+ NATURE IS A DEEPLY SY/EMIC FACTOR 9 SOCIAL LIFE--AL?\< ?IS IDEOLOGY1 ,I MAY ADD1 CAN BE TRAC$ AS F> BACK AS ,>I/OTLE'S JU/IFICATIONS ( SLAV]Y >\ND #ce ,B4,C4,E4 9 ! ,WE/ & TO ,HSUN ,TZU'S REALISM CIRCA #bih ,B4,C4,E4 9 ! ,EA/4 "9 ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY1 ,PLA9FIELD1 ,V,T #e#f#f#g4 ,BOOK*9 HAS WRITT51 LECTUR$1 & TAU*ISM4 ,HIS MO/ REC5T BOOKS 9CLUDE ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7,PALO ,ALTO1 ,CALIPH43 ,*E%IRE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#b71 ,REMAK+ ,SOCIETY 7,BO/ON3 ,S\? ,5D ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i71 & ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY30 ,ESSAYS ON ,DIALECTICAL ,NATURALISM ,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i74 #a ,ROBYN ,ECK]SLEY10,DIV9+ ,EVOLUTION3 ,! ,ECOLOGICAL ,E?ICS ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*910 ,5VIRONM5TAL ,E?ICS #aa 7#a#i#h#i73 #i#i-#a#a#f4 #b ,W>WICK ,FOX1 0,! ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY-,EC(EM9ISM ,DEBATE & ,ITS ,P>ALLELS10 ,5VIRONM5TAL ,E?ICS #aa 7#a#i#h#i73 #e-#b#e4 #c ,ECK]SLEY1 0,DIV9+ ,EVOLUTION10 P4 #i#i4 #d ,IBID41 P4 #a#a#a2 EMPHASIS ADD$4 #e ,IBID41 P4 #a#a#e4 #f ,IBID41 P4 #a#a#e4 ,MY USE ( ! T]M SECOND NATURE HAS A %>P CRITICAL ?RU/ AS WELL AS AN EVOLUTION>Y ONE4 ,( C\RSE1 WE >E NOT 5LID AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OR 0FREE NATURE40 ,EV5 IF WE W]E TO MAKE ?IS ADVANCE1 IT W\LD BE AN ESS5TIAL P>T ( MY VIEW ?AT FIR/ NATURE IS F> TOO COMPLEX TO BE DEALT ) 9 ANY?+ BUT ! MO/ PRUD5T MANN]4 ,SEE BEL[1 :]E ,I CRITICIZE ,ECK]SLEY = COMPLETELY MISUND]/&+ MY VIEW ( SECOND NATURE & ITS 9ADEQUACIES4 #g ,I W\LD ?9K DEEP ECOLOGI/S (1 SAY1 ! ,SP9OZIA/IC V>IETY W\LD FEEL A /RONG] AFF9ITY ) MY COMMITM5T TO ORGANIC 5TELE*IES & DIALECTICAL REASON ?AN TO ,ECK]SLEY'S PROCLIVITY = PROPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS & =MAL LOGIC4 #h ,IBID41 P4 #a#a#e2 EMPHASIS ADD$4 #i ,BY US+ ! T]M GR\ND$ 9 RELATIONS TO E?ICS1 ,I AM TRY+ TO SAY1 FOLL[+ A LONG PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITION1 ?AT VALUES >E IMPLICIT 9 ! NATURAL WORLD1 NOT ?AT FIR/ NATURE IS AN >5A = E?ICAL BEHAVIOR4 ,!RE IS NO E?ICAL NONHUMAN NATURE AS SU*4 ,TO VALIDATE ?IS PO9T W\LD REQUIRE A FULL-L5G? >TICLE 9 ITSELF4 ,! DIFFICULTY DEEP ECOLOGI/S >E LIKELY TO HAVE ) MY VIEW ?AT E?ICS IS 0GR\ND$0 9 NATURE /EMS FROM ! /ATIC IMAGE !Y HAVE ( NONHUMAN NATURE4 ,ACCORD+LY1 FROM !IR /&PO9T1 NATURE EI!R 0IS0 OR 0IS NOT0 AN >5A ( E?ICAL ACTION4 ,?AT IT CAN BE A NASC5T >5A = ! EM]G5CE ( E?ICS SEEMS BEYOND !M4 ,BY CONTRA/1 MY VIEW IS EVOLUTION>Y-?AT IS1 ,I AM CONC]N$ ) H[ AN E?ICS EVOLVES ?R\< ! GRADUAL EM]G5CE ( HUMAN AG5CY OV] EONS ( EVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T4 ,9S(> AS ! EVOLUTION ( HUMAN BE+S FROM A NONHUMAN NATURE IS SIMULTANE\SLY A CONT9UUM & & DISJUNCTION1 ONE CAN >GUE PHILOSOPHICALLY FROM A DEVELOPM5TAL VIEWPO9T ?AT ! HUMAN ABILITY TO FUNCTION AS MORAL AG5TS HAS ITS OBJECTIVE ORIG9S 9 !IR EVOLUTION FROM NONHUMAN NATURE4 ,H5CE1 NO:]E DO ,I SPEAK ( AN 0E?ICS 9 NATURE0 BUT RA!R ( A NATURE ?AT =MS ! GR\ND = A HUMAN E?ICS4 .<.<,! LA/ HALF ( ! >TICLE WILL BE PO/$ %ORTLY.>.> #a ,WALT] ,TRUETT ,&]SON1 ,TO ,GOV]N ,EVOLUTION 7,H>C\RT1 ,BRACE1 ,JOVANOVI*1 #a#i#h#g72 P>APHRAS$ BY ,ECK]SLEY10,DIV9+ ,EVOLUTION10 PP4 #a#a#e-#a#f4 #aa ,&]SON1 ,TO ,GOV]N ,EVOLUTION1 PP4 #c#b#d-#b#e4 #ab ,IBID41 P4 #c#d#f4 #ac ,IBID41 P4 #a#e4 #ad ,ECK]SLEY1 0,DIV9+ ,EVOLUTION10 P4 #a#a#f4 #ae ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7,PALO ,ALTO1 ,CALIPH3 ,*E%IRE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#b71 #b#d-#b#e4 ,?IS BOOK IS N[ AVAILABLE ONLY FROM ! ,GRE5 ,PROGRAM ,PROJECT1 ,P4,O4 ,BOX #a#a#a1 ,BURL+TON1 ,V,T #e#d#b4 #af ,ECK]SLEY1 0,DIV9+ ,EVOLUTION10 P4 #a#a#e4 #ag ,LEWIS ,H]B] 7,MURRAY ,BOOK*971 0,! ,PROBLEM ( ,*EMICALS 9 ,FOOD10 ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,ISSUES #c1 NO4 #ab 7,JUNE-,AUGU/ #a#i#e#b74 #ah ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 0,?9K+ ,ECOLOGICALLY3 ,A ,DIALECTICAL ,APPROA*10 ,\R ,G5]ATION #ah 7#a#i#h#g73 #c-#d4 ,REPR9TS ( ?IS >TICLE >E AVAILABLE FROM ,GRE5 ,PROGRAM ,PROJECT1 ,P4,O4,BOX #a#a#a1 ,BURL+TON1 ,V,T #e#d#b4 #ai ,IBID41 P4 #c#h4 #b ,IBID41 PP4 #c#b1 #b#a2 EMPHASIS ADD$4 #ba ,ROD]ICK ,NA%1 ,! ,RID & ,ECOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY 7,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h74 #bc ,BOOK*91 0,?9K+ ,ECOLOGICALLY10 P4 #c#f2 EMPHASIS ADD$4 #bd ,ECK]SLEY1 0,DIV9+ ,EVOLUTION10 P4 #a1 N4 #e4 #be ,BY ! SAME TOK51 ,I FAIL TO SEE H[ ,ECK]SLEY CAN CLAIM ?AT ,I ESS5TIALLY IGNORE WILD]NESS 7IBID41 P4 #a#a#b1 N4 #d#i74 ,%E MAKES ?IS CLAIM EXCLUSIVELY AB\T MY ESSAY 0,?9K+ ,ECOLOGICALLY40 ,ONE W\LD ALMO/ SUPPOSE ?AT ?IS ESSAY WAS ! ONLY WORK ( M9E %E SCANN$4 ,! ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 = EXAMPLE1 CONTA9S A PO9T$ CRITIQUE ( DOME/ICATION & ITS %ORTCOM+S 7PP4 #b#g#h-#h74 ,I PRAISE ,PAUL ,%EP>D1 9 TURN1 QUITE EXT5SIVELY & QUOTE HIM ON HIS DEF5SE ( WILDNESS & WILDLIFE1 AS AGA9/ ! MY? ( A 0PACIFI$0 NATURE & ! TRAGIC EMPHASIS ( 0CIVILIZATION0 ON ! DOME/ICATION ( LIFE =MS 9 AN 0OV]LY ADM9I/]$ & HI D\BLE /&>DS 9 DEEP ECOLOGY'S ONE-SID$ TREATM5T ( PHILOSOPH]S & PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS4 ,SP9OZA1 = EAMPLE1 IS CA/ FREQU5TLY AS A N\VEAU ,TAOI/ & IS 9T]PRET$ MORE 9 ! ROMANTIC TRADITION ?AN 9 ! S*OLA/IC ONE TO :I* HE HAS MORE AFF9ITIES1 DESPITE HIS MANY DIFF]5CES ) M$IEVAL ?9K]S4 ,?AT ?IS GREAT ?9K] WAS MILITANTLY AN?ROPOC5TRIC IS CONSI/5TLY IGNOR$ BY DEEP ECOLOGI/S1 AS F> AS ,I HAVE BE5 ABLE TO ASC]TA94 ,I HAVE YET TO 5C\NT] ANY ATTEMPT TO EXPLA9 ,SP9OZA'S EXTRAORD9>Y /ATEM5T30,BESIDES MAN1 WE KN[ ( NO P>TICUL> ?+ 9 NATURE 9 :OSE M9D WE MAY REJOICE1 & :O WE CAN ASSOCIATE ) \RSELVES 9 FRI5D%IP OR ANY SORT ( FELL[%IP2 !RE=E1 :ATSOEV] !RE BE 9 NATURE BESIDES MAN1 A REG>D = \R ADVANTAGE DOES NOT CALL ON US TO PRESEVE1 BUT TO PRES]VE OR DE/ROY ACCORD+ TO ITS V>I\S CAPABILITIES1 & TO ADAPT TO \R USE AS BE/ WE MAY40 ,SP9OZA1 ,E?ICS1 P>T #d1 APP5DIX1 P>AGRAPH #b#f1 9 ,! ,*IEF ,WORKS ( ,B5$ICTUS DE ,SP9OZA1 VOL4 #b1 TRANS4 ,R4 ,H4 ,M4 ,ELWES 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DOV] ,PUBLICATIONS1 #a#i#e#e71 P4 #b#d#a4 ,! ACCURACY ( ?IS TRANSLATION HAS BE5 C>EFULLY *ECK$ AGA9/ ! ORIG9AL ,LAT9 TEXT4 #bi ,ECK]SLEY1 0,DIV9+ ,EVOLUTION10 P4 #a#f4 #c ,IBID41 P4 #a#a#c4 #ca ,IBID41 P4 #a#a#b4 #cb ,&]SON1 ,TO ,GOV]N ,EVOLUTION1 P4 #c#b#e4 #cc ,ECK]SLEY1 0,DIV9+ ,EVOLUTION10 P4 #a#a4 ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aihi 3 ,RECOV]+ ,EVOLUTION3 ,A ,REPLY TO ,ECK]SLEY & ,FOX -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,RECOV]+ ,EVOLUTION3 ,A ,REPLY TO ,ECK]SLEY & ,FOX -- ,ADD$4 ,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,RECOV]+ ,EVOLUTION3 ,A ,REPLY TO ,ECK]SLEY & ,FOX -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/