,R$ & ,BLACK ,REVOLUTION ,9T]VIEW 

#aiie 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

,TAGS 3 SUPPORT = AN>*ISM1 E/ABLI%$ LEFT-W+ CIRCLES1 UNACC\NTABLE PRIVATE TYRANNIES1 T5D5CIES 9 AN>*ISM1 SPANI% REVOLUTION1 COLD W>1 WORK+ PEOPLE1 SOVIET UNION1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/1 HUMAN SIGNIFICANCE4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,BR5DAN ,S*]]1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,NOAM ,*OMSKY ON ,AN>*ISM1 ,M>XISM @& ,HOPE = ! 
,FUTURE 

,NOAM ,*OMSKY IS WIDELY KN[N = HIS CRITIQUE ( ,U4,S =EIGN 
POLICY1 & = HIS WORK AS A L+UI/4 ,LESS WELL KN[N IS HIS 
ONGO+ SUPPORT = LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ OBJECTIVES4 ,9 A SPECIAL 
9T]VIEW DONE = ,R$ & ,BLACK ,REVOLUTION1 ,*OMSKY GIVES HIS VIEWS 
ON AN>*ISM & M>XISM1 & ! PROSPECTS = SOCIALISM N[4 ,! 
9T]VIEW WAS CONDUCT$ 9 ,MAY #aiie BY ,KEV9 ,DOYLE4 

,R,B,R3 ,FIR/ (F1 ,NOAM1 = QUITE A TIME N[ Y\'VE BE5 AN 
ADVOCATE = ! AN>*I/ IDEA4 ,MANY PEOPLE >E FAMILI> ) ! 
9TRODUCTION Y\ WROTE 9 #aig TO 
,DANIEL ,GU]9'S 
,AN>*ISM3 ,FROM ,!ORY TO ,PRACTICE1 BUT MORE REC5TLY1 = 9/ANCE 9 ! FILM 
,MANUFACTUR+ ,DISS5T1 Y\ TOOK ! OPPORTUNITY TO HI<LI<T 
AGA9 ! POT5TIAL ( AN>*ISM & ! AN>*I/ IDEA4 ,:AT IS IT 
?AT ATTRACTS Y\ TO AN>*ISM8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,I WAS ATTRACT$ TO 
AN>*ISM AS A Y\NG TE5AG]1 
AS SOON AS ,I BEGAN TO ?9K AB\T ! WORLD BEYOND A PRETTY N>R[ 
RANGE1 & HAV5'T SE5 MU* REASON TO REVISE ?OSE E>LY ATTITUDES 
S9CE4 ,I ?9K IT ONLY MAKES S5SE TO SEEK \T & ID5TIFY 
/RUCTURES ( AU?ORITY1 HI]>*Y1 & DOM9ATION 9 EV]Y ASPECT ( 
LIFE1 & TO *ALL5GE !M2 UNLESS A JU/IFICATION = !M CAN BE 
GIV51 !Y >E ILLEGITIMATE1 & %\LD BE DISMANTL$1 TO 9CREASE 
! SCOPE ( HUMAN FRE$OM4 ,?AT 9CLUDES POLITICAL P[]1 [N]%IP 
& MANAGEM5T1 RELATIONS AMONG M5 & WOM51 P>5TS & *ILDR51 
\R CONTROL OV] ! FATE ( FUTURE G5]ATIONS 7! BASIC MORAL 
IMP]ATIVE BEH9D ! 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T1 9 MY VIEW71 & MU* 
ELSE4 ,NATURALLY ?IS MEANS A *ALL5GE TO ! HUGE 9/ITUTIONS ( 
CO]CION & CONTROL3 ! /ATE1 ! UNACC\NTABLE PRIVATE TYRANNIES 
?AT CONTROL MO/ ( ! DOME/IC & 9T]NATIONAL ECONOMY1 & SO 
ON4 ,BUT NOT ONLY !SE4 ,?AT IS :AT ,I HAVE ALWAYS UND]/OOD TO BE 
! ESS5CE ( AN>*ISM3 ! CONVICTION ?AT ! BURD5 ( PRO( HAS 
TO BE PLAC$ ON AU?ORITY1 & ?AT IT %\LD BE DISMANTL$ IF ?AT 
BURD5 CANNOT BE MET4 ,SOMETIMES ! BURD5 CAN BE MET4 ,IF ,I'M TAK+ 
A WALK ) MY GR&*ILDR5 & !Y D>T \T 9TO A BUSY /REET1 ,I 
WILL USE NOT ONLY AU?ORITY BUT ALSO PHYSICAL CO]CION TO /OP !M4 
,! ACT %\LD BE *ALL5G$1 BUT ,I ?9K IT CAN READILY MEET ! 
*ALL5GE4 ,& !RE >E O!R CASES2 LIFE IS A COMPLEX AFFAIR1 WE 
UND]/& V]Y LITTLE AB\T HUMANS & SOCIETY1 & GR& 
PRON\NCEM5TS >E G5]ALLY MORE A S\RCE ( H>M ?AN ( B5EFIT4 
,BUT ! P]SPECTIVE IS A VALID ONE1 ,I ?9K1 & CAN LEAD US QUITE A 
LONG WAY4 

,BEYOND SU* G5]ALITIES1 WE BEG9 TO LOOK AT CASES1 :I* IS 
:]E ! QUE/IONS ( HUMAN 9T]E/ & CONC]N >ISE4 

,R,B,R3 ,IT'S TRUE TO SAY ?AT Y\R IDEAS & CRITIQUE >E N[ 
MORE WIDELY KN[N ?AN EV] BE=E4 ,IT %\LD ALSO BE SAID ?AT Y\R 
VIEWS >E WIDELY RESPECT$4 ,H[ DO Y\ ?9K Y\R SUPPORT = 
AN>*ISM IS RECEIV$ 9 ?IS CONTEXT8 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ,I'M 9T]E/$ 
9 ! RESPONSE Y\ RECEIVE FROM PEOPLE :O >E GETT+ 9T]E/$ 9 
POLITICS = ! FIR/ TIME & :O MAY1 P]HAPS1 HAVE COME ACROSS 
Y\R VIEWS4 ,>E SU* PEOPLE SURPRIS$ BY Y\R SUPPORT = AN>*ISM8 
,>E !Y 9T]E/$8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,! G5]AL 9TELLECTUAL CULTURE1 AS Y\ KN[1 
ASSOCIATES 'AN>*ISM' ) *AOS1 VIOL5CE1 BOMBS1 DISRUPTION1 & 
SO ON4 ,SO PEOPLE >E (T5 SURPRIS$ :5 ,I SPEAK POSITIVELY ( 
AN>*ISM & ID5TIFY MYSELF ) LEAD+ TRADITIONS )9 IT4 ,BUT 
MY IMPRESSION IS ?AT AMONG ! G5]AL PUBLIC1 ! BASIC IDEAS SEEM 
REASONABLE :5 ! CL\DS >E CLE>$ AWAY4 ,( C\RSE1 :5 WE TURN 
TO SPECIFIC MATT]S - SAY1 ! NATURE ( FAMILIES1 OR H[ AN ECONOMY 
W\LD WORK 9 A SOCIETY ?AT IS MORE FREE & JU/ - QUE/IONS & 
CONTROV]SY >ISE4 ,BUT ?AT IS AS IT %\LD BE4 ,PHYSICS CAN'T REALLY 
EXPLA9 H[ WAT] FL[S FROM ! TAP 9 Y\R S9K4 ,:5 WE TURN TO 
VA/LY MORE COMPLEX QUE/IONS ( HUMAN SIGNIFICANCE1 UND]/&+ IS 
V]Y ?91 & !RE IS PL5TY ( ROOM = DISAGREEM5T1 
EXP]IM5TATION1 BO? 9TELLECTUAL & REAL-LIFE EXPLORATION ( 
POSSIBILITIES1 TO HELP US LE>N MORE4 

,R,B,R3 ,P]HAPS1 MORE ?AN ANY O!R IDEA1 AN>*ISM HAS 
SUFF]$ FROM ! PROBLEM ( MISREPRES5TATION4 ,AN>*ISM CAN MEAN 
MANY ?+S TO MANY PEOPLE4 ,DO Y\ (T5 F9D Y\RSELF HAV+ TO 
EXPLA9 :AT IT IS ?AT Y\ MEAN BY AN>*ISM8 ,DOES ! 
MISREPRES5TATION ( AN>*ISM BO!R Y\8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,ALL MISREPRES5TATION IS A NUISANCE4 ,MU* ( IT 
CAN BE TRAC$ BACK TO /RUCTURES ( P[] ?AT HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 
PREV5T+ UND]/&+1 = PRETTY OBVI\S REASONS4 ,IT'S WELL TO 
RECALL ,DAVID ,HUME'S ,PR9CIPLES ( ,GOV]NM5T4 ,HE EXPRESS$ SURPRISE 
?AT PEOPLE EV] SUBMITT$ TO !IR RUL]S4 ,HE CONCLUD$ ?AT S9CE 
,=CE IS ALWAYS ON ! SIDE ( ! GOV]N$1 ! GOV]NORS HAVE 
NO?+ TO SUPPORT !M BUT OP9ION4 ',TIS !RE=E1 ON OP9ION ONLY 
?AT GOV]NM5T IS F\ND$2 & ?IS MAXIM EXT5DS TO ! MO/ 
DESPOTIC & MO/ MILIT>Y GOV]NM5TS1 AS WELL AS TO ! MO/ FREE 
& MO/ POPUL>4 ,HUME WAS V]Y A/UTE - & 9CID5TALLY1 H>DLY 
A LIB]T>IAN BY ! /&>DS ( ! DAY4 ,HE SURELY UND]E/IMATES 
! EFFICACY ( =CE1 BUT HIS OBS]VATION SEEMS TO ME BASICALLY 
CORRECT1 & IMPORTANT1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! MORE FREE SOCIETIES1 
:]E ! >T ( CONTROLL+ OP9ION IS !RE=E F> MORE REF9$4 
,MISREPRES5TATION & O!R =MS ( BEFUDDLEM5T >E A NATURAL 
CONCOMITANT4 

,SO DOES MISREPRES5TATION BO!R ME8 ,SURE1 BUT SO DOES ROTT5 
WEA!R4 ,IT WILL EXI/ AS LONG AS CONC5TRATIONS ( P[] 5G5D] A 
K9D ( COMMISS> CLASS TO DEF5D !M4 ,S9CE !Y >E USUALLY NOT 
V]Y BRI<T1 OR >E BRI<T 5\< TO KN[ ?AT !Y'D BETT] AVOID 
! >5A ( FACT & >GUM5T1 !Y'LL TURN TO MISREPRES5TATION1 
VILIFICATION1 & O!R DEVICES ?AT >E AVAILABLE TO ?OSE :O KN[ 
?AT !Y'LL BE PROTECT$ BY ! V>I\S MEANS AVAILABLE TO ! 
P[]FUL4 ,WE %\LD UND]/& :Y ALL ?IS OCCURS1 & UNRAVEL IT AS 
BE/ WE CAN4 ,?AT'S P>T ( ! PROJECT ( LIB]ATION - ( \RSELVES 
& O!RS1 OR MORE REASONABLY1 ( PEOPLE WORK+ TOGE!R TO A*IEVE 
!SE AIMS4 

,S\NDS SIMPLE-M9D$1 & IT IS4 ,BUT ,I HAVE YET TO F9D MU* 
COMM5T>Y ON HUMAN LIFE & SOCIETY ?AT IS NOT SIMPLE-M9D$1 :5 
ABSURDITY & SELF-S]V+ PO/UR+ >E CLE>$ AWAY4 

,R,B,R3 ,H[ AB\T 9 MORE E/ABLI%$ LEFT-W+ CIRCLES1 :]E 
ONE MI<T EXPECT TO F9D GREAT] FAMILI>ITY ) :AT AN>*ISM 
ACTUALLY /&S =8 ,DO Y\ 5C\NT] ANY SURPRISE H]E AT Y\R VIEWS 
& SUPPORT = AN>*ISM8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,IF ,I UND]/& :AT Y\ MEAN BY E/ABLI%$ 
LEFT-W+ CIRCLES1 !RE IS NOT TOO MU* SURPRISE AB\T MY VIEWS 
ON AN>*ISM1 BECAUSE V]Y LITTLE IS KN[N AB\T MY VIEWS ON 
ANY?+4 ,!SE >E NOT ! CIRCLES ,I DEAL )4 ,Y\'LL R>ELY F9D A 
REF]5CE TO ANY?+ ,I SAY OR WRITE4 ,?AT'S NOT COMPLETELY TRUE ( 
C\RSE4 ,?US 9 ! ,U,S 7BUT LESS COMMONLY 9 ! ,U,K OR ELSE:]E71 
Y\'D F9D SOME FAMILI>ITY ) :AT ,I DO 9 C]TA9 ( ! MORE 
CRITICAL & 9DEP5D5T SECTORS ( :AT MI<T BE CALL$ 
E/ABLI%$ LEFT-W+ CIRCLES1 & ,I HAVE P]SONAL FRI5DS & 
ASSOCIATES SCATT]$ H]E & !RE4 ,BUT HAVE A LOOK AT ! BOOKS & 
J\RNALS1 & Y\'LL SEE :AT ,I MEAN4 ,I DON'T EXPECT :AT ,I WRITE & 
SAY TO BE ANY MORE WELCOME 9 !SE CIRCLES ?AN 9 ! FACULTY CLUB 
OR $ITORIAL BO>D ROOM - AGA91 ) EXCEPTIONS4 

,! QUE/ION >ISES ONLY M>G9ALLY1 SO MU* SO ?AT IT'S H>D TO 
ANSW]4 

,R,B,R3 ,A NUMB] ( PEOPLE HAVE NOT$ ?AT Y\ USE ! T]M 
'LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/' 9 ! SAME CONTEXT AS Y\ USE ! WORD 
'AN>*ISM'4 ,DO Y\ SEE !SE T]MS AS ESS5TIALLY SIMIL>8 ,IS 
AN>*ISM A TYPE ( SOCIALISM TO Y\8 ,! DESCRIPTION HAS BE5 US$ 
BE=E ?AT AN>*ISM IS EQUIVAL5T TO SOCIALISM ) FRE$OM4 
,W\LD Y\ AGREE ) ?IS BASIC EQUATION8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,! 9TRODUCTION TO ,GU]9'S BOOK ?AT Y\ 
M5TION$ OP5S ) A QUOTE FROM AN AN>*I/ SYMPA?IZ] A C5TURY 
AGO1 :O SAYS ?AT AN>*ISM HAS A BROAD BACK1 & 5DURES 
ANY?+4 ,ONE MAJOR ELEM5T HAS BE5 :AT HAS TRADITIONALLY BE5 
CALL$ 'LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM'4 ,I'VE TRI$ TO EXPLA9 !RE & 
ELSE:]E :AT ,I MEAN BY ?AT1 /RESS+ ?AT IT'S H>DLY ORIG9AL2 
,I'M TAK+ ! IDEAS FROM LEAD+ FIGURES 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 
:OM ,I QUOTE1 & :O RA!R CONSI/5TLY DESCRIBE !MSELVES AS 
SOCIALI/S1 :ILE H>%LY CONDEMN+ ! 'NEW CLASS' ( RADICAL 
9TELLECTUALS :O SEEK TO ATTA9 /ATE P[] 9 ! C\RSE ( POPUL> 
/RUGGLE & TO BECOME ! VICI\S ,R$ BUREAUCRACY ( :I* 
,BAKUN9 W>N$2 :AT'S (T5 CALL$ 'SOCIALISM'4 ,I RA!R AGREE ) 
,RUDOLF ,ROCK]'S P]CEPTION ?AT !SE 7QUITE C5TRAL7 T5D5CIES 9 
AN>*ISM DRAW FROM ! BE/ ( ,5LI<T5M5T & CLASSICAL LIB]AL 
?\<T1 WELL BEYOND :AT HE DESCRIB$4 ,9 FACT1 AS ,I'VE TRI$ TO 
%[ !Y CONTRA/ %>PLY ) ,M>XI/-,L59I/ DOCTR9E & 
PRACTICE1 ! 'LIB]T>IAN' DOCTR9ES ?AT >E FA%IONABLE 9 ! ,U,S 
& ,U,K P>TICUL>LY1 & O!R CONTEMPOR>Y IDEOLOGIES1 ALL ( :I* 
SEEM TO ME TO R$UCE TO ADVOCACY ( ONE OR ANO!R =M ( 
ILLEGITIMATE AU?ORITY1 QUITE (T5 REAL TYRANNY4 

         ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 
          
          

,R,B,R3 ,9 ! PA/1 :5 Y\ HAVE SPOK5 AB\T 
         AN>*ISM1 Y\ HAVE (T5 EMPHASIZ$ ! EXAMPLE ( ! 
 ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 ,= Y\ 
         !RE W\LD SEEM TO BE TWO ASPECTS TO ?IS EXAMPLE4 ,ON ! 
         ONE H&1 ! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION IS1 Y\ 
         SAY1 A GOOD EXAMPLE ( 'AN>*ISM 9 ACTION'4 ,ON ! O!R1 
         Y\ HAVE ALSO /RESS$ ?AT ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION IS A GOOD 
         EXAMPLE ( :AT WORK]S CAN A*IEVE ?R\< !IR [N 
         EF=TS US+ P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY4 ,>E !SE TWO ASPECTS 
         - AN>*ISM 9 ACTION & P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY - ONE & 
         ! SAME ?+ = Y\8 ,IS AN>*ISM A PHILOSOPHY = 
         PEOPLE'S P[]8 
          
          

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,I'M RELUCTANT TO USE FANCY POLYSYLLABLES 
         LIKE PHILOSOPHY TO REF] TO :AT SEEMS ORD9>Y 
         COMMON S5SE4 ,& ,I'M ALSO UNCOM=TABLE ) SLOGANS4 ,! 
         A*IEVEM5TS ( ,SPANI% WORK]S & PEASANTS1 BE=E ! 
         REVOLUTION WAS CRU%$1 W]E IMPRESSIVE 9 MANY WAYS4 ,! 
         T]M 'P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY' IS A MORE REC5T ONE1 :I* 
         DEVELOP$ 9 A DIFF]5T CONTEXT1 BUT !RE SURELY >E 
         PO9TS ( SIMIL>ITY4 ,I'M SORRY IF ?IS SEEMS EVASIVE4 ,IT 
         IS1 BUT ?AT'S BECAUSE ,I DON'T ?9K EI!R ! CONCEPT ( 
         AN>*ISM OR ( P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY IS CLE> 5\< TO 
         BE ABLE TO ANSW] ! QUE/ION :E!R !Y >E ! SAME4 
          
          
          

,R,B,R3 ,ONE ( ! MA9 A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,SPANI% 
         ,REVOLUTION WAS ! DEGREE ( GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY 
         E/ABLI%$4 ,9 T]MS ( PEOPLE1 IT IS E/IMAT$ ?AT OV] #c 
         MILLION W]E 9VOLV$4 ,RURAL & URBAN PRODUCTION WAS 
         MANAG$ BY WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,IS IT A CO9CID5CE TO Y\R 
         M9D ?AT AN>*I/S1 KN[N = !IR ADVOCACY ( 9DIVIDUAL 
         FRE$OM1 SUCCE$$ 9 ?IS >EA ( COLLECTIVE 
         ADM9I/RATION8 
          
          

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,NO CO9CID5CE AT ALL4 ,! T5D5CIES 9 
         AN>*ISM ?AT ,I'VE ALWAYS F\ND MO/ P]SUASIVE SEEK A 
         HI<LY ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY1 9TEGRAT+ MANY DIFF]5T K9DS 
         ( /RUCTURES 7WORKPLACE1 COMMUNITY1 & MANIFOLD O!R 
         =MS ( VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION71 BUT CONTROLL$ BY 
         P>TICIPANTS1 NOT BY ?OSE 9 A POSITION TO GIVE ORD]S 
         7EXCEPT1 AGA91 :5 AU?ORITY CAN BE JU/IFI$1 AS IS 
         SOMETIMES ! CASE1 9 SPECIFIC CONT+5CIES74 

,DEMOCRACY 

,R,B,R3 ,AN>*I/S (T5 EXP5D A GREAT DEAL ( EF=T AT 
BUILD+ UP GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY4 ,9DE$ !Y >E (T5 ACCUS$ ( 
TAK+ DEMOCRACY TO EXTREMES4 ,YET1 DESPITE ?IS1 MANY 
AN>*I/S W\LD NOT READILY ID5TIFY DEMOCRACY AS A C5TRAL 
COMPON5T ( AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY4 ,AN>*I/S (T5 DESCRIBE !IR 
POLITICS AS BE+ AB\T 'SOCIALISM' OR BE+ AB\T '! 9DIVIDUAL'- 
!Y >E LESS LIKELY TO SAY ?AT AN>*ISM IS AB\T DEMOCRACY4 ,W\LD 
Y\ AGREE ?AT DEMOCRATIC IDEAS >E A C5TRAL FEATURE ( AN>*ISM8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,CRITICISM ( 'DEMOCRACY' AMONG AN>*I/S HAS 
(T5 BE5 CRITICISM ( P>LIAM5T>Y 
DEMOCRACY1 AS IT HAS >IS5 )9 SOCIETIES ) DEEPLY 
REPRESSIVE FEATURES4 ,TAKE ! ,U,S1 :I* HAS BE5 AS FREE AS ANY1 
S9CE ITS ORIG9S4 ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY WAS F\ND$ ON ! PR9CIPLE1 
/RESS$ BY ,JAMES ,MADISON 9 ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,CONV5TION 9 #a#g#h#g1 
?AT ! PRIM>Y FUNCTION ( GOV]NM5T IS TO PROTECT ! M9ORITY 
( ! OPUL5T FROM ! MAJORITY4 ,?US HE W>N$ ?AT 9 ,5GL&1 
! ONLY QUASI-DEMOCRATIC MODEL ( ! DAY1 IF ! G5]AL POPULATION 
W]E ALL[$ A SAY 9 PUBLIC AFFAIRS1 !Y W\LD IMPLEM5T AGR>IAN 
RE=M OR O!R ATROCITIES1 & ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN SY/EM MU/ BE 
C>EFULLY CRAFT$ TO AVOID SU* CRIMES AGA9/ ! RI<TS ( 
PROP]TY1 :I* MU/ BE DEF5D$ 79 FACT1 MU/ PREVAIL74 
,P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY )9 ?IS FRAMEWORK DOES M]IT %>P 
CRITICISM BY G5U9E LIB]T>IANS1 & ,I'VE LEFT \T MANY O!R 
FEATURES ?AT >E H>DLY SUBTLE - SLAV]Y1 TO M5TION JU/ ONE1 OR 
! WAGE SLAV]Y ?AT WAS BITT]LY CONDEMN$ BY WORK+ PEOPLE :O 
HAD NEV] HE>D ( AN>*ISM OR COMMUNISM RI<T ?R\< ! #a#i? 
C5TURY1 & BEYOND4 

,L59ISM 

,R,B,R3 ,! IMPORTANCE ( GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY TO ANY 
MEAN+FUL *ANGE 9 SOCIETY W\LD SEEM TO BE SELF EVID5T4 ,YET ! 
LEFT HAS BE5 AMBIGU\S AB\T ?IS 9 ! PA/4 ,I'M SPEAK+ 
G5]ALLY1 ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 BUT ALSO ( ,BOL%EVISM - TRADITIONS 
ON ! LEFT ?AT W\LD SEEM TO HAVE MORE 9 COMMON ) ELITI/ 
?9K+ ?AN ) /RICT DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE4 ,L591 TO USE A 
WELL-KN[N EXAMPLE1 WAS SKEPTICAL ?AT WORK]S C\LD DEVELOP ANY?+ 
MORE ?AN TRADE UNION CONSCI\SNESS- BY :I*1 ,I ASSUME1 HE 
MEANT ?AT WORK]S C\LD NOT SEE F> BEYOND !IR IMM$IATE 
PR$ICAM5T4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! ,FABIAN SOCIALI/1 ,BEATRICE ,WEBB1 :O WAS 
V]Y 9FLU5TIAL 9 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY 9 ,5GL&1 HAD ! VIEW ?AT 
WORK]S W]E ONLY 9T]E/$ 9 HORSE RAC+ ODDS6 ,:]E DOES 
?IS ELITISM ORIG9ATE & :AT IS IT DO+ ON ! LEFT8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,I'M AFRAID IT'S H>D = ME TO ANSW] ?IS4 ,IF ! 
LEFT IS UND]/OOD TO 9CLUDE 
',BOL%EVISM1' !N ,I W\LD FLATLY DISSOCIATE MYSELF FROM ! LEFT4 
,L59 WAS ONE ( ! GREATE/ 5EMIES ( SOCIALISM1 9 MY OP9ION1 
= REASONS ,I'VE DISCUSS$4 ,! IDEA ?AT WORK]S >E ONLY 9T]E/$ 
9 HORSE-RAC+ IS AN ABSURDITY ?AT CANNOT )/& EV5 A 
SUP]FICIAL LOOK AT LABOR HI/ORY OR ! LIVELY & 9DEP5D5T 
WORK+ CLASS PRESS ?AT FL\RI%$ 9 MANY PLACES1 9CLUD+ ! 
MANUFACTUR+ T[NS ( ,NEW ,5GL& NOT MANY MILES FROM :]E ,I'M 
WRIT+ - NOT TO SPEAK ( ! 9SPIR+ RECORD ( ! C\RAGE\S 
/RUGGLES ( P]SECUT$ & OPPRESS$ PEOPLE ?R\<\T HI/ORY1 
UNTIL ?IS V]Y MOM5T4 ,TAKE ! MO/ MIS]ABLE CORN] ( ?IS 
HEMISPH]E1 ,HAITI1 REG>D$ BY ! ,EUROPEAN CONQU]ORS AS A P>ADISE 
& ! S\RCE ( NO SMALL P>T ( ,EUROPE'S WEAL?1 N[ DEVA/AT$1 
P]HAPS BEYOND RECOV]Y4 ,9 ! PA/ FEW YE>S1 UND] CONDITIONS SO 
MIS]ABLE ?AT FEW PEOPLE 9 ! RI* C\NTRIES CAN IMAG9E !M1 
PEASANTS & SLUM-DWELL]S CON/RUCT$ A POPUL> DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T 
BAS$ ON GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS ?AT SURPASSES JU/ AB\T ANY?+ 
,I KN[ ( ELSE:]E2 ONLY DEEPLY COMMITT$ COMMISS>S C\LD FAIL TO 
COLLAPSE ) RIDICULE :5 !Y HE> ! SOLEMN PRON\NCEM5TS ( 
,AM]ICAN 9TELLECTUALS & POLITICAL LEAD]S AB\T H[ ! ,U,S HAS TO 
TEA* ,HAITIANS ! LESSONS ( DEMOCRACY4 ,!IR A*IEVEM5TS W]E SO 
SUB/ANTIAL & FRI<T5+ TO ! P[]FUL ?AT !Y HAD TO BE 
SUBJECT$ TO YET ANO!R DOSE ( VICI\S T]ROR1 ) CONSID]ABLY 
MORE ,U,S SUPPORT ?AN IS PUBLICLY ACKN[L$G$1 & !Y /ILL HAVE 
NOT SURR5D]$4 ,>E !Y 9T]E/$ ONLY 9 HORSE-RAC+8 

,I'D SUGGE/ SOME L9ES ,I'VE OCCASIONALLY QUOT$ FROM ,R\SSEAU3 
:5 ,I SEE MULTITUDES ( 5TIRELY NAK$ SAVAGES SCORN ,EUROPEAN 
VOLUPTU\SNESS & 5DURE HUNG]1 FIRE1 ! SWORD1 & DEA? TO 
PRES]VE ONLY !IR 9DEP5D5CE1 ,I FEEL ?AT IT DOES NOT BEHOOVE 
SLAVES TO REASON AB\T FRE$OM4 

,R,B,R3 ,SPEAK+ G5]ALLY AGA91 Y\R [N WORK - ,DET]R+ ,DEMOCRACY1 ,NECESS>Y ,ILLUSIONS3 ,?\<T ,CONTROL 9 ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIETIES1 ETC4 - HAS DEALT CONSI/5TLY ) 
! ROLE & PREVAL5CE ( ELITI/ IDEAS 9 SOCIETIES SU* AS \R 
[N4 ,Y\ HAVE >GU$ ?AT )9 ',WE/]N' 7OR P>LIAM5T>Y7 
DEMOCRACY !RE IS A DEEP ANTAGONISM TO ANY REAL ROLE OR 9PUT FROM 
! MASS ( PEOPLE1 LE/ IT ?REAT5 ! UNEV5 DI/RIBUTION 9 
WEAL? :I* FAVORS ! RI*4 ,Y\R WORK IS QUITE CONV9C+ H]E1 
BUT1 ?IS ASIDE1 SOME HAVE BE5 %OCK$ BY Y\R ASS]TIONS4 ,= 
9/ANCE1 Y\ COMP>E ! POLITICS ( ,PRESID5T ,JOHN ,F4 ,K5N$Y ) 
,L591 MORE OR LESS EQUAT+ ! TWO4 ,?IS1 ,I MI<T ADD1 HAS %OCK$ 
SUPPORT]S ( BO? CAMPS6 ,CAN Y\ ELABORATE A LITTLE ON ! VALIDITY 
( ! COMP>ISON8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,I HAV5'T ACTUALLY EQUAT$ ! DOCTR9ES ( 
! LIB]AL 9TELLECTUALS ( ! ,K5N$Y ADM9I/RATION ) 
,L59I/S1 BUT ,I HAVE NOT$ /RIK+ PO9TS ( SIMIL>ITY - RA!R AS 
PR$ICT$ BY ,BAKUN9 A C5TURY E>LI] 9 HIS P]CEPTIVE COMM5T>Y 
ON ! NEW CLASS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,I QUOT$ PASSAGES FROM ,MC,NAM>A 
ON ! NE$ TO 5HANCE MANAG]IAL CONTROL IF WE >E TO BE TRULY 
FREE1 & AB\T H[ ! UND]MANAGEM5T ?AT IS ! 
REAL ?REAT TO DEMOCRACY IS AN ASSAULT AGA9/ REASON ITSELF4 
,*ANGE A FEW WORDS 9 !SE PASSAGES1 & WE HAVE /&>D ,L59I/ 
DOCTR9E4 ,I'VE >GU$ ?AT ! ROOTS >E RA!R DEEP1 9 BO? CASES4 
,)\T FUR!R CL>IFICATION AB\T :AT PEOPLE F9D %OCK+1 
,I CAN'T COMM5T FUR!R4 ,! COMP>ISONS >E SPECIFIC1 & ,I ?9K 
BO? PROP] & PROP]LY QUALIFI$4 ,IF NOT1 ?AT'S AN ]ROR1 & ,I'D 
BE 9T]E/$ TO BE 5LI<T5$ AB\T IT4 

,M>XISM 

,R,B,R3 ,SPECIFICALLY1 ,L59ISM REF]S TO A =M ( M>XISM 
?AT DEVELOP$ ) ,V4,I4 ,L594 ,>E Y\ IMPLICITLY DI/+UI%+ ! 
WORKS ( ,M>X FROM ! P>TICUL> CRITICISM Y\ HAVE ( ,L59 :5 
Y\ USE ! T]M ',L59ISM'8 ,DO Y\ SEE A CONT9UITY BETWE5 ,M>X'S 
VIEWS & ,L59'S LAT] PRACTICES8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,BAKUN9'S 
W>N+S AB\T ! ,R$ BUREAUCRACY ?AT W\LD 9/ITUTE ! 
WOR/ ( ALL DESPOTIC GOV]NM5TS W]E LONG BE=E ,L591 & 
W]E DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! FOLL[]S ( ,MR4 ,M>X4 ,!RE W]E1 9 FACT1 
FOLL[]S ( MANY DIFF]5T K9DS2 ,PANNEKOEK1 ,LUXEMB\RG1 ,MATTICK & 
O!RS >E V]Y F> FROM ,L591 & !IR VIEWS (T5 CONV]GE ) 
ELEM5TS ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM4 ,KORS* & O!RS WROTE 
SYMPA!TICALLY ( ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA91 9 FACT4 ,!RE 
>E CONT9UITIES FROM ,M>X TO ,L591 BUT !RE >E ALSO CONT9UITIES 
TO ,M>XI/S :O W]E H>%LY CRITICAL ( ,L59 & ,BOL%EVISM4 ,TEODOR 
,%AN9'S WORK 9 ! PA/ YE>S ON ,M>X'S LAT] ATTITUDES T[>DS 
PEASANT REVOLUTION IS ALSO RELEVANT H]E4 ,I'M F> FROM BE+ A ,M>X 
S*OL>1 & W\LDN'T V5TURE ANY S]I\S JUDGM5T ON :I* ( !SE 
CONT9UITIES REFLECTS ! 'REAL ,M>X1' IF !RE EV5 CAN BE AN ANSW] 
TO ?AT QUE/ION4 

,R,B,R3 ,REC5TLY1 WE OBTA9$ A COPY ( Y\R [N ,NOTES ON ,AN>*ISM 7RE-PUBLI%$ LA/ YE> BY ,DISCUSSION ,BULLET9 9 ! ,U,S,A74 
,9 ?IS Y\ M5TION ! VIEWS ( ! E>LY ,M>X1 9 P>TICUL> 
HIS DEVELOPM5T ( ! IDEA ( ALI5ATION UND] CAPITALISM4 ,DO Y\ 
G5]ALLY AGREE ) ?IS DIVISION 9 ,M>X'S LIFE & WORK - A Y\NG1 
MORE LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ BUT1 9 LAT] YE>S1 A FIRM AU?ORIT>IAN8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,! E>LY ,M>X DRAWS EXT5SIVELY FROM ! MILIEU 
9 :I* HE LIV$1 & ONE F9DS MANY SIMIL>ITIES TO ! ?9K+ 
?AT ANIMAT$ CLASSICAL LIB]ALISM1 ASPECTS ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T & 
,FR5* & ,G]MAN ,ROMANTICISM4 ,AGA91 ,I'M NOT 5\< ( A ,M>X 
S*OL> TO PRET5D TO AN AU?ORITATIVE JUDGM5T4 ,MY IMPRESSION1 = 
:AT IT IS WOR?1 IS ?AT ! E>LY ,M>X WAS V]Y MU* A FIGURE ( 
! LATE ,5LI<T5M5T1 & ! LAT] ,M>X WAS A HI<LY AU?ORIT>IAN 
ACTIVI/1 & A CRITICAL ANALY/ ( CAPITALISM1 :O HAD LITTLE TO SAY 
AB\T SOCIALI/ ALT]NATIVES4 ,BUT ?OSE >E IMPRESSIONS4 

,R,B,R3 ,FROM MY UND]/&+1 ! CORE P>T ( Y\R OV]ALL 
VIEW IS 9=M$ BY Y\R CONCEPT ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,9 ! PA/ ! 
IDEA ( HUMAN NATURE WAS SE51 P]HAPS1 AS SOME?+ REGRESSIVE1 EV5 
LIMIT+4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ! UN*ANG+ ASPECT ( HUMAN NATURE IS 
(T5 US$ AS AN >GUM5T = :Y ?+S CAN'T BE *ANG$ 
FUNDAM5TALLY 9 ! DIRECTION ( AN>*ISM4 ,Y\ TAKE A DIFF]5T 
VIEW8 ,:Y8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,! CORE P>T ( ANYONE'S PO9T ( VIEW IS SOME 
CONCEPT ( HUMAN NATURE1 H[EV] IT MAY BE REMOTE FROM AW>5ESS OR 
LACK >TICULATION4 ,AT LEA/1 ?AT IS TRUE ( PEOPLE :O CONSID] 
!MSELVES MORAL AG5TS1 NOT MON/]S4 ,MON/]S ASIDE1 :E!R A 
P]SON :O ADVOCATES RE=M OR REVOLUTION1 OR /ABILITY OR RETURN TO 
E>LI] /AGES1 OR SIMPLY CULTIVAT+ ONE'S [N G>D51 TAKES /& 
ON ! GR\NDS ?AT IT IS 'GOOD = PEOPLE4' ,BUT ?AT JUDGM5T IS 
BAS$ ON SOME CONCEPTION ( HUMAN NATURE1 :I* A REASONABLE P]SON 
WILL TRY TO MAKE AS CLE> AS POSSIBLE1 IF ONLY SO ?AT IT CAN BE 
EVALUAT$4 ,SO 9 ?IS RESPECT ,I'M NO DIFF]5T FROM ANYONE ELSE4 

,Y\'RE RI<T ?AT HUMAN NATURE HAS BE5 SE5 AS SOME?+ 
'REGRESSIVE1' BUT ?AT MU/ BE ! RESULT ( PR(\ND CONFUSION4 ,IS 
MY GR&DAU<T] NO DIFF]5T FROM A ROCK1 A SALAM&]1 A *ICK51 A 
MONKEY8 ,A P]SON :O DISMISSES ?IS ABSURDITY AS ABSURD RECOGNIZES 
?AT !RE IS A DI/9CTIVE HUMAN NATURE4 ,WE >E LEFT ONLY ) ! 
QUE/ION ( :AT IT IS - A HI<LY NONTRIVIAL & FASC9AT+ 
QUE/ION1 ) 5ORM\S SCI5TIFIC 9T]E/ & HUMAN SIGNIFICANCE4 
,WE KN[ A FAIR AM\NT AB\T C]TA9 ASPECTS ( IT - NOT ?OSE ( 
MAJOR HUMAN SIGNIFICANCE4 ,BEYOND ?AT1 WE >E LEFT ) \R HOPES & 
WI%ES1 9TUITIONS & SPECULATIONS4 

,!RE IS NO?+ REGRESSIVE AB\T ! FACT ?AT A HUMAN 
EMBRYO IS SO CON/RA9$ ?AT IT DOES NOT GR[ W+S1 OR ?AT ITS 
VISUAL SY/EM CANNOT FUNCTION 9 ! MANN] ( AN 9SECT1 OR ?AT IT 
LACKS ! HOM+ 9/9CT ( PIGEONS4 ,! SAME FACTORS ?AT CON/RA9 
! ORGANISM'S DEVELOPM5T ALSO 5ABLE IT TO ATTA9 A RI*1 COMPLEX1 
& HI<LY >TICULAT$ /RUCTURE1 SIMIL> 9 FUNDAM5TAL WAYS TO 
CONSPECIFICS1 ) RI* & REM>KABLE CAPACITIES4 ,AN ORGANISM ?AT 
LACK$ SU* DET]M9ATIVE 9TR9SIC /RUCTURE1 :I* ( C\RSE 
RADICALLY LIMITS ! PA?S ( DEVELOPM5T1 W\LD BE SOME K9D ( 
AMOEBOID CREATURE1 TO BE PITI$ 7EV5 IF IT C\LD SURVIVE SOMEH[74 
,! SCOPE & LIMITS ( DEVELOPM5T >E LOGICALLY RELAT$4 

,TAKE LANGUAGE1 ONE ( ! FEW DI/9CTIVE HUMAN CAPACITIES AB\T 
:I* MU* IS KN[N4 ,WE HAVE V]Y /RONG REASONS TO BELIEVE ?AT ALL 
POSSIBLE HUMAN LANGUAGES >E V]Y SIMIL>2 A ,M>TIAN SCI5TI/ 
OBS]V+ HUMANS MI<T CONCLUDE ?AT !RE IS JU/ A S+LE LANGUAGE1 
) M9OR V>IANTS4 ,! REASON IS ?AT ! P>TICUL> ASPECT ( 
HUMAN NATURE ?AT UND]LIES ! GR[? ( LANGUAGE ALL[S V]Y 
RE/RICT$ OPTIONS4 ,IS ?IS LIMIT+8 ,( C\RSE4 ,IS IT LIB]AT+8 
,ALSO ( C\RSE4 ,IT IS !SE V]Y RE/RICTIONS ?AT MAKE IT POSSIBLE 
= A RI* & 9TRICATE SY/EM ( EXPRESSION ( ?\<T TO DEVELOP 
9 SIMIL> WAYS ON ! BASIS ( V]Y RUDIM5T>Y1 SCATT]$1 & 
V>I$ EXP]I5CE4 

,:AT AB\T ! MATT] ( BIOLOGICALLY-DET]M9$ HUMAN 
DIFF]5CES8 ,?AT !SE EXI/ IS SURELY TRUE1 & A CAUSE = JOY1 
NOT FE> OR REGRET4 ,LIFE AMONG CLONES W\LD NOT BE WOR? LIV+1 & 
A SANE P]SON WILL ONLY REJOICE ?AT O!RS HAVE ABILITIES ?AT !Y 
DO NOT %>E4 ,?AT %\LD BE ELEM5T>Y4 ,:AT IS COMMONLY BELIEV$ 
AB\T !SE MATT]S IS /RANGE 9DE$1 9 MY OP9ION4 

,IS HUMAN NATURE1 :ATEV] IT IS1 CONDUCIVE TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( 
AN>*I/ =MS ( LIFE OR A B>RI] TO !M8 ,WE DO NOT KN[ 5\< 
TO ANSW]1 ONE WAY OR ! O!R4 ,!SE >E MATT]S = 
EXP]IM5TATION & DISCOV]Y1 NOT EMPTY PRON\NCEM5TS4 

,! FUTURE 

,R,B,R3 ,TO BEG9 F9I%+ (F1 ,I'D LIKE TO ASK Y\ BRIEFLY 
AB\T SOME CURR5T ISSUES ON ! LEFT4 ,I DON'T KN[ IF ! SITUATION 
IS SIMIL> 9 ! ,U,S,A BUT H]E1 ) ! FALL ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 A 
C]TA9 DEMORALIZATION HAS SET 9 ON ! LEFT4 ,IT ISN'T SO MU* ?AT 
PEOPLE W]E DE> SUPPORT]S ( :AT EXI/$ 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 BUT 
RA!R IT'S A G5]AL FEEL+ ?AT ) ! DEMISE ( ! ,SOVIET 
,UNION ! IDEA ( SOCIALISM HAS ALSO BE5 DRAGG$ D[N4 ,HAVE Y\ COME 
ACROSS ?IS TYPE ( DEMORALIZATION8 ,:AT'S Y\R RESPONSE TO IT8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,MY RESPONSE TO ! 5D ( 
,SOVIET TYRANNY WAS SIMIL> TO MY 
REACTION TO ! DEFEAT ( ,HITL] & ,MUSSOL9I4 ,9 ALL CASES1 IT IS A 
VICTORY = ! HUMAN SPIRIT4 ,IT %\LD HAVE BE5 P>TICUL>LY 
WELCOME TO SOCIALI/S1 S9CE A GREAT 5EMY ( SOCIALISM HAD AT LA/ 
COLLAPS$4 ,LIKE Y\1 ,I WAS 9TRIGU$ TO SEE H[ PEOPLE - 9CLUD+ 
PEOPLE :O HAD CONSID]$ !MSELVES ANTI-,/AL9I/ & ANTI-,L59I/ 
- W]E DEMORALIZ$ BY ! COLLAPSE ( ! TYRANNY4 ,:AT IT REVEALS IS 
?AT !Y W]E MORE DEEPLY COMMITT$ TO ,L59ISM ?AN !Y BELIEV$4 

,!RE >E1 H[EV]1 O!R REASONS TO BE CONC]N$ AB\T ! 
ELIM9ATION ( ?IS BRUTAL & TYRANNICAL SY/EM1 :I* WAS AS MU* 
SOCIALI/ AS IT WAS DEMOCRATIC 7RECALL ?AT IT CLAIM$ 
TO BE BO?1 & ?AT ! LATT] CLAIM WAS RIDICUL$ 9 ! ,WE/1 
:ILE ! =M] WAS EAG]LY ACCEPT$1 AS A WEAPON AGA9/ SOCIALISM 
- ONE ( ! MANY EXAMPLES ( ! S]VICE ( ,WE/]N 9TELLECTUALS TO 
P[]74 ,ONE REASON HAS TO DO ) ! NATURE ( ! ,COLD ,W>4 ,9 MY 
VIEW1 IT WAS 9 SIGNIFICANT MEASURE A SPECIAL CASE ( ! 
',NOR?-,S\? CONFLICT1' TO USE ! CURR5T EUPHEMISM = ,EUROPE'S 
CONQUE/ ( MU* ( ! WORLD4 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE HAD BE5 ! ORIG9AL 
'?IRD WORLD1' & ! ,COLD ,W> FROM #aiag HAD NO SLI<T RESEMBLANCE 
TO ! REACTION ( ATTEMPTS BY O!R P>TS ( ! ?IRD WORLD TO 
PURSUE AN 9DEP5D5T C\RSE1 ?\< 9 ?IS CASE DIFF]5CES ( 
SCALE GAVE ! CONFLICT A LIFE ( ITS [N4 ,= ?IS REASON1 IT WAS 
ONLY REASONABLE TO EXPECT ! REGION TO RETURN PRETTY MU* TO ITS 
E>LI] /ATUS3 P>TS ( ! ,WE/1 LIKE ! ,CZE* ,REPUBLIC OR ,WE/]N 
,POL&1 C\LD BE EXPECT$ TO REJO9 IT1 :ILE O!RS REV]T TO ! 
TRADITIONAL S]VICE ROLE1 ! EX-,NOM5KLATURA BECOM+ ! /&>D 
?IRD WORLD ELITE 7) ! APPROVAL ( ,WE/]N /ATE-CORPORATE 
P[]1 :I* G5]ALLY PREF]S !M TO ALT]NATIVES74 ,?AT WAS NOT A 
PRETTY PROSPECT1 & IT HAS L$ TO IMM5SE SUFF]+4 

,ANO!R REASON = CONC]N HAS TO DO ) ! MATT] ( DET]R5CE 
& NON-ALIGNM5T4 ,GROTESQUE AS ! ,SOVIET EMPIRE WAS1 ITS V]Y 
EXI/5CE (F]$ A C]TA9 SPACE = NON-ALIGNM5T1 & = 
P]FECTLY CYNICAL REASONS1 IT SOMETIMES PROVID$ ASSI/ANCE TO 
VICTIMS ( ,WE/]N ATTACK4 ,?OSE OPTIONS >E GONE1 & ! ,S\? IS 
SUFF]+ ! CONSEQU5CES4 

,A ?IRD REASON HAS TO DO ) :AT ! BUS9ESS PRESS CALLS ! 
PAMP]$ ,WE/]N WORK]S ) !IR LUXURI\S LIFE/YLES4 
,) MU* ( ,EA/]N ,EUROPE RETURN+ TO ! FOLD1 [N]S & 
MANAG]S HAVE P[]FUL NEW WEAPONS AGA9/ ! WORK+ CLASSES & 
! POOR AT HOME4 ,G,M & ,V,W CAN NOT ONLY TRANSF] PRODUCTION TO 
,MEXICO & ,BRAZIL 7OR AT LEA/ ?REAT5 TO1 :I* (T5 AM\NTS TO 
! SAME ?+71 BUT ALSO TO ,POL& & ,HUNG>Y1 :]E !Y CAN F9D 
SKILL$ & TRA9$ WORK]S AT A FRACTION ( ! CO/4 ,!Y >E 
GLOAT+ AB\T IT1 UND]/&ABLY1 GIV5 ! GUID+ VALUES4 

,WE CAN LE>N A LOT AB\T :AT ! ,COLD ,W> 7OR ANY O!R CONFLICT7 
WAS AB\T BY LOOK+ AT :O IS *E]+ & :O IS UNHAPPY AFT] IT 
5DS4 ,BY ?AT CRIT]ION1 ! VICTORS 9 ! ,COLD ,W> 9CLUDE ,WE/]N 
ELITES & ! EX-,NOM5KLATURA1 N[ RI* BEYOND !IR WILDE/ DREAMS1 
& ! LOS]S 9CLUDE A SUB/ANTIAL P>T ( ! POPULATION ( ! 
,EA/ ALONG ) WORK+ PEOPLE & ! POOR 9 ! ,WE/1 AS WELL AS 
POPUL> SECTORS 9 ! ,S\? ?AT HAVE S\<T AN 9DEP5D5T PA?4 

,SU* IDEAS T5D TO >\SE NE> HY/]IA AMONG ,WE/]N 
9TELLECTUALS1 :5 !Y CAN EV5 P]CEIVE !M1 :I* IS R>E4 
,?AT'S EASY TO %[4 ,IT'S ALSO UND]/&ABLE4 ,! OBS]VATIONS >E 
CORRECT1 & SUBV]SIVE ( P[] & PRIVILEGE2 H5CE HY/]IA4 

,9 G5]AL1 ! REACTIONS ( AN HONE/ P]SON TO ! 5D ( ! 
,COLD ,W> WILL BE MORE COMPLEX ?AN JU/ PLEASURE OV] ! COLLAPSE ( 
A BRUTAL TYRANNY1 & PREVAIL+ REACTIONS >E SUFFUS$ ) EXTREME 
HYPOCRISY1 9 MY OP9ION4 

,CAPITALISM 

,R,B,R3 ,9 MANY WAYS ! LEFT TODAY F9DS ITSELF BACK AT ITS 
ORIG9AL />T+ PO9T 9 ! LA/ C5TURY4 ,LIKE !N1 IT N[ FACES 
A =M ( CAPITALISM ?AT IS 9 ! ASC5DANCY4 ,!RE W\LD SEEM TO 
BE GREAT] 'CONS5SUS' TODAY1 MORE ?AN AT ANY O!R TIME 9 HI/ORY1 
?AT CAPITALISM IS ! ONLY VALID =M ( ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION 
POSSIBLE1 ?IS DESPITE ! FACT ?AT WEAL? 9EQUALITY IS WID5+4 
,AGA9/ ?IS BACKDROP1 ONE C\LD >GUE ?AT ! LEFT IS UNSURE ( H[ 
TO GO =W>D4 ,H[ DO Y\ LOOK AT ! CURR5T P]IOD8 ,IS IT A 
QUE/ION ( 'BACK TO BASICS'8 ,%\LD ! EF=T N[ BE T[>DS 
BR++ \T ! LIB]T>IAN TRADITION 9 SOCIALISM & T[>DS 
/RESS+ DEMOCRATIC IDEAS8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,?IS IS MO/LY PROPAG&A1 9 MY OP9ION4 ,:AT IS 
CALL$ 'CAPITALISM' IS BASICALLY A SY/EM ( CORPORATE M]CANTILISM1 
) HUGE & L>GELY UNACC\NTABLE PRIVATE TYRANNIES EX]CIS+ VA/ 
CONTROL OV] ! ECONOMY1 POLITICAL SY/EMS1 & SOCIAL & CULTURAL 
LIFE1 OP]AT+ 9 CLOSE COOP]ATION ) P[]FUL /ATES ?AT 
9T]V5E MASSIVELY 9 ! DOME/IC ECONOMY & 9T]NATIONAL 
SOCIETY4 ,?AT IS DRAMATICALLY TRUE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 CONTR>Y TO 
MU* ILLUSION4 ,! RI* & PRIVILEG$ >E NO MORE WILL+ TO FACE 
M>KET DISCIPL9E ?AN !Y HAVE BE5 9 ! PA/1 ?\< !Y 
CONSID] IT JU/ F9E = ! G5]AL POPULATION4 ,M]ELY TO CITE A 
FEW ILLU/RATIONS1 ! ,REAGAN ADM9I/RATION1 :I* REVEL$ 9 FREE 
M>KET RHETORIC1 ALSO BOA/$ TO ! BUS9ESS COMMUNITY ?AT IT WAS 
! MO/ PROTECTIONI/ 9 PO/W> ,U,S HI/ORY - ACTUALLY MORE ?AN 
ALL O!RS COMB9$4 ,NEWT ,G+RI*1 :O LEADS ! CURR5T CRUSADE1 
REPRES5TS A SUP]RI* DI/RICT ?AT RECEIVES MORE F$]AL SUBSIDIES 
?AN ANY O!R SUBURBAN REGION 9 ! C\NTRY1 \TSIDE ( ! F$]AL 
SY/EM ITSELF4 ,! 'CONS]VATIVES' :O >E CALL+ = AN 5D TO 
S*OOL LUN*ES = HUNGRY *ILDR5 >E ALSO DEM&+ AN 9CREASE 9 
! BUDGET = ! ,P5TAGON1 :I* WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 ! LATE #a#i#dS 
9 ITS CURR5T =M BECAUSE - AS ! BUS9ESS PRESS WAS K9D 5\< 
TO TELL US - HI< TE* 9DU/RY CANNOT SURVIVE 9 A PURE1 
COMPETITIVE1 UNSUBSIDIZ$1 'FREE 5T]PRISE' ECONOMY1 & ! 
GOV]NM5T MU/ BE ITS SAVIOR4 ,)\T ! SAVIOR1 
,G+RI*'S CON/ITU5TS W\LD BE POOR WORK+ PEOPLE 7IF !Y W]E 
LUCKY74 ,!RE W\LD BE NO COMPUT]S1 ELECTRONICS G5]ALLY1 AVIATION 
9DU/RY1 METALLURGY1 AUTOMATION1 ETC41 ETC41 RI<T D[N ! LI/4 
,AN>*I/S1 ( ALL PEOPLE1 %\LD NOT BE TAK5 9 BY !SE 
TRADITIONAL FRAUDS4 

,MORE ?AN EV]1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ IDEAS >E RELEVANT1 & ! 
POPULATION IS V]Y MU* OP5 TO !M4 ,DESPITE A HUGE MASS ( 
CORPORATE PROPAG&A1 \TSIDE ( $UCAT$ CIRCLES1 PEOPLE /ILL 
MA9TA9 PRETTY MU* !IR TRADITIONAL ATTITUDES4 ,9 ! ,U,S1 = 
EXAMPLE1 MORE ?AN #h.0 ( ! POPULATION REG>D ! ECONOMIC SY/EM 
AS 9H]5TLY UNFAIR & ! POLITICAL SY/EM AS A FRAUD1 
:I* S]VES ! SPECIAL 9T]E/S1 NOT ! PEOPLE4 
,OV]:ELM+ MAJORITIES ?9K WORK+ PEOPLE HAVE TOO LITTLE VOICE 9 
PUBLIC AFFAIRS 7! SAME IS TRUE 9 ,5GL&71 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T HAS 
! RESPONSIBILITY ( ASSI/+ PEOPLE 9 NE$1 ?AT SP5D+ = 
$UCATION & HEAL? %\LD TAKE PREC$5CE OV] BUDGET-CUTT+ & 
TAX CUTS1 ?AT ! CURR5T ,REPUBLICAN PROPOSALS ?AT >E SAIL+ 
?R\< ,CONGRESS B5EFIT ! RI* & H>M ! G5]AL POPULATION1 
& SO ON4 ,9TELLECTUALS MAY TELL A DIFF]5T /ORY1 BUT IT'S NOT ALL 
?AT DIFFICULT TO F9D \T ! FACTS4 

,R,B,R3 ,TO A PO9T AN>*I/ IDEAS HAVE BE5 V9DICAT$ BY ! 
COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION - ! PR$ICTIONS ( ,BAKUN9 HAVE PROV5 
TO BE CORRECT4 ,DO Y\ ?9K ?AT AN>*I/S %\LD TAKE HE>T FROM 
?IS G5]AL DEVELOPM5T & FROM ! P]CEPTIV5ESS ( ,BAKUN9'S 
ANALYSIS8 ,%\LD AN>*I/S LOOK TO ! P]IOD AHEAD ) GREAT] 
CONFID5CE 9 !IR IDEAS & HI/ORY8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3  ,I ?9K - AT LEA/ HOPE - ?AT ! ANSW] IS 
IMPLICIT 9 ! ABOVE4 ,I ?9K ! CURR5T ]A HAS OM9\S PORT5T1 
& SIGNS ( GREAT HOPE4 ,:I* RESULT 5SUES DEP5DS ON :AT WE MAKE 
( ! OPPORTUNITIES4 

,R,B,R3 ,LA/LY1 ,NOAM1 A DIFF]5T SORT ( QUE/ION4 ,WE HAVE A 
P9T ( ,GU9NESS ON ORD] = Y\ H]E4 ,:5 >E Y\ GO+ TO COME 
& DR9K IT8 

,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,KEEP ! ,GU9NESS READY4 ,I HOPE IT WON'T BE TOO 
LONG4 ,LESS JOCUL>LY1 ,I'D BE !RE TOMORR[ IF WE C\LD4 ,WE 7MY WIFE 
CAME ALONG ) ME1 UNUSUAL = !SE CON/ANT TRIPS7 HAD A 
M>VEL\S TIME 9 ,IREL&1 & W\LD 
LOVE TO COME BACK4 ,:Y DON'T WE8 ,WON'T BORE Y\ ) ! SORDID 
DETAILS1 BUT DEM&S >E EXTRAORD9>Y1 & M\NT+ - A REFLECTION 
( ! CONDITIONS ,I'VE BE5 TRY+ TO DESCRIBE4 

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