,REFLECTIONS ,UPON ,AN>*ISM 

#ahhi 

,PEOPLE 3 

,$ITOR 3 ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TAGS 3 9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 9 A FREE SOCIETY1 M5 & WOM51 H\RS ( LABOR1 AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 FREE SOCIETY1 HUMAN BE+S1 MANUAL LABOR1 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T1 HEAVY LABOR4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,PEPE ,RIV]A1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,SCI5CE IS MAK+ TREM5D\S PROGRESS 9 ?IS C5TURY1 BUT 9/EAD ( SCI5CE BE+ ! MEANS ( B5EFIT+ ! PEOPLE 9 EV]Y RESPECT1 IT IS US$ AS A M$IUM = 9FLICT+ MIS]Y & H>D%IP UPON ?OSE :O AN DOOM$ TO LABOR LIKE SLAVES = A PREC>I\S EXI/5CE4 ,! 9V5TIONS ( SCI5CE ONLY GIVE GREAT] FACILITIES TO ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES = 9CREAS+ !IR HAPP9ESS AT ! EXP5SE ( T]RIBLE SUFF]+S AMONG ?AT CLASS :I* LABORS TO PRODUCE ! MEANS :]EBY HAPP9ESS IS ATTA9ABLE4 ,MA*9]Y1 9/EAD ( R$UC+ ! HEAVY LABOR ( ! WORK+ POPULACE IS US$ AS A SCI5TIFIC MODE ( DRIV+ HUMAN BE+S FROM WORK & BREAD TOGE!R2 ?OSE :O CLAIM POSSESSION ( ! IMPLEM5TS ( PRODUCTION RU?LESSLY USE EV]Y AVAILABLE MEANS = ?R[+ A NUMB] ( 9DU/RIAL K9D AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S \T ( EMPLOYM5T4 ,SO GREAT HAS BECOME ! >MY ( UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S ( EV]Y DESCRIPTION ?AT A ,REVOLUTION IS 9EVITABLE4 ,BUT :AT >E ! NEW SOCIAL CONDITIONS TO BE8 

,! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE WILL SURELY BE BAS$ UPON ! PR9CIPLE ( EQUALITY2 AN EQUALITY :I* RECOGNIZES ! HUMAN RI<T ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL TO EX]CISE TO ! FULL HIS P[]S ( 9TELLECTUAL ACTIVITY4 ,!RE WILL BE NO NE$ TO CURTAIL ?IS COMPLETE FRE$OM1 = !RE WILL BE NO FE> ( ! 9TELLECTUAL G5IUS TRY+ TO MAKE HIMSELF WEAL?Y AT ! EXP5SE ( O!RS :5 PRODUCTION = ! PUBLIC USE HAS TAK5 ! PLACE ( PRODUCTION = 9DIVIDUAL PR(IT OR P]SONAL GA94 

,AMONG ! V>I\S S*OOLS ( ,SOCIALI/ ?\<T ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/ S*OOL 9SI/S UPON ! NECESSITY ( C5TRAL GOV]NM5T TO REGULATE PRODUCTION & C>RY ON PUBLIC FUNCTIONS4 ,?IS IS ! PO9T UPON :I* ,AN>*I/S & ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S DIFF]4 ,BO? AIM AT ! EMANCIPATION A ( WAN FROM HIS PRES5T SLAV]Y1 BUT ,AN>*I/S REFUSE TO RECOGNIZE AU?ORITY2 ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S FAVOR A C]TA9 SY/EM ( (FICIALISM4 

,N[ WE BELIEVE ?AT ,AN>*ISM MI<T BE PUT 9 PRACTICE )\T GO+ ?R\< ANY =M ( ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM4 ,! MOM5T ! COMM]CIAL SY/EM BREAKS D[N1 AU?ORITY WILL CEASE TO HAVE ANY 9FLU5CE2 & ! PEOPLE WILL BE COMPELL$ TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES )\T WAIT+ TO BE TOLD TO DO SO1 TO PRODUCE COMMODITIES ( EV]Y DESCRIPTION = !IR [N USE4 ,SU* ORGANIZATION WILL NE$ NO (FICIALS TO DRILL ! PEOPLE 9TO IT4 ,:5 ! MASS ( ! WORK]S KN[ :AT !Y REQUIRE = !IR MA9T5ANCE1 !Y WILL VOLUNT>ILY ASSOCIATE TOGE!R TO MANUFACTURE COMMODITIES = !MSELVES )\T WAIT+ TO BE ORD]$ TO DO :AT NATURAL 9/9CT & 9TELLIG5CE TELL !M !Y MU/ DO OR P]I%4 ,& 9 ?AT CASE :AT W\LD BE ! USE ( GOV]NM5T (FICIALS8 

,! MORE PRODUCTIVE WORK]S !RE >E1 ! FEW] ! H\RS ( LABOR NECESS>Y = PRODUC+ COMMODITIES1 & 9 AN ,AN>*I/ SOCIETY !RE W\LD BE V]Y FEW NON-PRODUC]S4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO L>GE >MY ( GOV]NM5T (FICIALS1 SOLDI]S1 POLICEM51 REV5UE (FIC]S1 & SU* LIKE TO BE SUPPORT$ AT ! CO/ ( ! LABOR ( ALL ! O!R WORK]S4 ,AN ADVANTAGE OV] ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM APP>5T TO EV]Y ONE4 

,BUT WE MAY BE ASK$3 ,W\LD EV]Y P]SON BE EXPECT$ TO DO MANUAL LABOR 9 AN ,AN>*I/ SOCIETY8 ,MANUAL LABOR UND] CAPITALISM IS DEGRAD+ = ?OSE :O >E =C$ TO P]=M IT BECAUSE !RE IS NO O!R OCCUPATION OP5 TO !M :]EBY !Y MAY SECURE A LIVELIHOOD1 ,LABOR 9 A FREE SOCIETY W\LD NOT BE DEGRAD+ BUT HONORABLE1 = ! LABOR] W\LD FEEL HIS TOIL WAS ESS5TIAL TO ! HAPP9ESS ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,AT PRES5T M5 WORK LONG H\RS BECAUSE !IR EMPLOY]S WANT A PR(IT \T ( !IR LABOR2 BUT :5 EMPLOY]S >E UNKN[N & WORK IS DONE = ! WELL-BE+ ( ! PEOPLE COLLECTIVELY1 !N ! H\RS ( LABOR WILL BE DIM9I%$ TO :AT IS REALLY NECESS>Y1 & WORK :I* IS WE>ISOME TO-DAY WILL BECOME PLEASANT4 ,NO D\BT EV]Y ABLE-BODI$ P]SON WILL BE EXPECT$ TO DO HIS ?REE OR F\R H\RS P] DAY ( PRODUCTIVE LABOR1 SO AS TO 5ABLE ! :OLE COMMUNITY TO DEVOTE !IR LEISURE H\RS TO ! CULTIVATION ( !IR M5TAL FACULTIES4 ,CULTIVATION ( ! 9TELLECT IS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE = \R PRES5T MANUAL LABOR]S1 :OSE HOSE TOIL FROM MORN+ TILL EV5+ BANI%ES ALL ?\<T ( M5TAL TRA9+ FROM !IR M9DS1 & !Y W\LD RA!R 9DULGE 9 SOME K9D ( FRIVOL\S AMUSEM5T TO DRIVE FROM !M ?AT HEAV9ESS & ANXIETY :I* LABOR1 UND] \R COMPETITIVE 9/ITUTIONS1 BR+S UPON !M4 ,& IT W\LD BE CONSID]$ V]Y UNFAIR 9 A FREE SOCIETY1 :]E M5 ASSOCIAT$ TOGE!R AS BRO!RS & EQUALS1 ?AT ALL ! HEAVY LABOR %\LD BE %\T$ ON TO C]TA9 PEOPLE'S %\LD]S4 ,IF !RE W]E NO CLASS PRIVILEGES SECUR$ BY LAWS1 M5 W\LD NEV] /& ?AT SORT ( ?+4 ,! %IRK]S W\LD F9D !MSELVES LEFT \T 9 ! COLD & BE =C$ BY !IR [N UNSUPPLI$ NE$S TO COOP]ATE 9 ! NECESS>Y MANUAL LABOR4 ,! H>D%IPS BELONG+ TO SU* LABOR TO-DAY W\LD SOON BEG9 TO DISAPPE> :5 IT WAS EV]YBODY'S 9T]E/ TO 9V5T MEANS TO GET RID ( !M4 

,:5 ,AN>*I/S PROP\ND !SE IDEAS TO UN?\<TFUL MORTALS1 !Y >E V]Y (T5 TOLD ?AT SOME HUMAN BE+S W\LD BE TOO 9DOL5T EV5 TO LABOR ?REE OR F\R H\RS P] DAY2 & !Y >E ASK$ :AT W\LD BE DONE ) ! IDL]S UND] ,AN>*ISM1 IF !RE W]E NO CO]CIVE ME?ODS US$ TO MAKE !N COMPLY ) ! NATURAL OBLIGATIONS IMPOS$ UPON ALL M51 NAMELY1 TO LABOR 9 ORD] TO LIVE8 ,WE ADMIT ?AT !RE >E MANY IDLE M5 & WOM5 TO-DAY2 BUT >E !Y NOT MO/LY LAZY BECAUSE ! WORK !Y >E MADE TO P]=M IS REPUGNANT TO !IR NATURE8 ,ANY MAN TURNS AGA9/ WORK ?AT IS =C$ UPON HIM & DOES NOT SUIT HIS TA/E1 & WORK :I* M5 >E =C$ TO UND]TAKE BLE$S ! DISCONT5T ?AT CAUSES EV]Y ONE TO REVOLT AGA9/ :AT IS LIKELY TO DO !M BODILY H>M4 ,TO-DAY M5 & WOM5 >E DOOM$ TO VIOL5T & SU/A9$ EX]TION ON 9SUFFICI5T FOOD OR TO /ICK TO MONOTON\S R\T9E WORK = H\RS & H\RS 9 CLOSE1 GLOOMY WORK%OPS1 OR NOISY1 /UFFY FACTORIES :I* PRODUCE ! MO/ MIS]ABLE N]V\S DEPRESSION & BLUNT ( ! FACULTIES-NO WOND] !Y %R9K FROM SU* LABOR4 ,BUT :5 ?IS UNNATURAL LABOR IS NO LONG] EXACT$1 :5 A FREE SOCIETY IS AN ACCOMPLI%$ FACT1 !N MO/ ( ?OSE :O REFUSE TO LABOR AT PRES5T = AN EMPLOY]1 W\LD MO/ WILL+LY ?R[ (F ! G>M5T1 ( LAZ9ESS :I* \R SOCIETY CAUSES !M TO WE>1 & VOLUNT>ILY ASSI/ 9 WORK :I* W\LD REQUIRE NO CONT9U\S PHYSICAL OV]/RA94 ,\R SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS BRE$ LAZ9ESS2 ,AN>*ISM W\LD TURN 9DOL5CE 9TO A LOVE = HONE/ LABOR4 ,:]E !N IS ! NE$ = CO]CIVE ME?ODS TO COMPEL ! 9DOL5T TO WORK8 ,IF LAZ9ESS IS TO BE ABOLI%$1 ! EVILS RESPONSIBLE = IT MU/ CEASE TO EXI/2 IF ! EVILS REMA91 ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! EVILS WILL GO ON 9CREAS+4 ,S9CE \R SOCIAL CONDITIONS CREATE EVILS \T ( :I* >ISES LAZ9ESS1 !SE CONDITIONS MU/ BE DE/ROY$ BE=E ! EVILS CAM BE ABOLI%$4 ,! ONLY ME?OD BY :I* ?IS CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$ IS BY ADOPT+ AN ,AN>*ICAL SY/EM ( SOCIETY1 :]E9 !SE EVILS WILL NOT BE EV5 KN[N1 MU* LESS FO/]$ BY UNNATURAL CO]CIVE AU?ORITY4 

,N[ 9 A FREE SOCIETY :]E ALL TOOK !IR FAIR %>E ( WORK1 V]Y ,I LITTLE TIME W\LD BE TAK5 \T ( EA* ONE'S DAY BY ! BUS9ESS ( PRODUC+ FOOD-/UFFS1 CLO?+1 %ELT]1 & SU* LIKE = ! G5]AL USE2 H]E W\LD BE A GREAT DEAL ( LEISURE4 ,:AT W\LD PEOPLE DO ) IT8 ,:5 9TELLIG5T PEOPLE HAVE ! PRIVILEGE ( UTILIZ+ !IR SP>E TIME 9 :ATEV] MANN] !Y ?9K PROP]1 ! DESIRE = FUR!R 9TELLECTUAL  DEVELOPM5T GR[S FROM !IR ORIG9AL LOVE ( KN[L$GE4 ,& :5 ! MEANS ( ACQUIR+ KN[L$GE >E AT ! DISPOSAL ( EV]YBODY ! 5?USIASM ( ! MORE 9TELLIG5T WILL 9SPIRE ! RE/ TO /RIVE AFT] ! 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T ATTA9$ BY ! 9DU/RI\S & DILIG5T /UD5TS4 ,!RE=E ! G5]AL LEVEL ( MAN'S M5TAL FACULTIES 9 AN ,AN>*I/ SOCIETY WILL SOON BE IMM5SELY SUP]IOR TO :AT !Y >E TO-DAY1 :5 DESPAIR BRE$S AN IMPULSE 9 MANY 9DIVIDUALS TO RESI/ ANY ATTEMPT TO 5LI<T5 !M UPON TOPICS RELAT+ TO !IR SOCIAL SURR\ND+S4 

,N[ADAYS1 TOO1 ! WORLD IS FULL ( NONS5SICAL TRA%1 DISGU/+ TO ! SE>*]S AFT] TRU?4 ,SO-CALL$ PHILOSOPH]S WRITE NUM]\S VOLUMES UPON MATT]S ( LITTLE IMPORTANCE TO ?OSE :O SUFF] FROM ! EVILS >IS+ \T ( ! SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS :I* ?OSE PHILOSOPH]S WRITE TO DEF5D4 ,FALSE M5 CANNOT WRITE TRU?FUL MATT]2 LIV+ 9 A FALSE ATMOSPH]E !Y FAIL TO SYMPA?IZE ) M5 & WOM5 LONG+ TO BE FRE$ FROM WAGE SLAV]Y & COMPETITION4 ,! MONOPOLIZ]S ( WEAL? & PRIVILEGE HAVE A :OLE >MY ( LIT]>Y SUPPORT]S :OSE EF=TS >E DEVOT$ TO ! FUR!RANCE ( PR9CIPLES DETRIM5TAL TO ! MASSES UPON :OSE LABOR !Y EXI/4 ,& ALL ?OSE :OSE M9DS >E N\RI%$ UPON ?IS VILE LIT]ATURE >C1 C]TA9 TO 5T]TA9 ! ]RONE\S IDEAS IT IS MEANT TO 9/ILL1 UNLESS 9DE$ !Y READ = ! PURPOSE ( DISSECT+ ! IDEAS EXPRESS$ & PO9T+ \T ! FALLACI\S >GUM5TS US$ BY ! AU?OR 9 FAVOR ( ! PR9CIPLES 9T5D$ = DISSEM9ATION AMONG ?OSE :O NEV] ?9K AB\T :AT !Y READ OR ASK !MSELVES :E!R A WRIT]'S /ATEM5TS >E TRUE OR FALSE4 ,LIT]ATURE ( ?IS DESCRIPTION W\LD BE ES*EW$ 9 AN ,AN>*I/ SOCIETY2 & 9/EAD ( AU?ORS BE+ OBLIG$ TO WA/E !IR M5TAL 5]GY 9 WRIT+ MATT] ACCEPTABLE TO !IR PAY-MA/]S ONLY1 !Y W\LD BE 5C\RAG$ TO COMPOSE WORKS CONTA9+ MATT] :I* W\LD ELEVATE ! READ]'S MORALS & %>P5 HIS 9TELLECT4 

,NOT ONLY W\LD LIT]ATURE BE FREE FROM 9T]E/$ LIES & M]C5>Y CLAP-TRAP BUT ! DIFF]5T SECTIONS ( ! SCI5TIFIC WORLD W\LD BE OP5 FREELY TO ALL ?OSE :O >E N[ PREV5T$ FROM TAK+ P>T 9 SCI5TIFIC RESE>*4 ,:Y %\LD SCI5TIFIC 9VE/IGATION BE CONF9$ TO A PRIVILEG$ FEW8 ,:Y %\LD ! WEAL? PRODUC]S BE PREV5T$ FROM %>+ 9 ITS JOYS & HONORS8 ,! PEOPLE G5]ALLY >E1 9 !SE DAYS1 DEB>R$ FROM /UDY+ SCI5TIFIC PROBLEMS OR MAK+ !MSELVES FAMILI> ) MUSIC & PA9T+1 SCULPTURE & LIT]ATURE1 OR ANY O!R >T 9 :I* ! MONEY$ CLASS ALONE CAN GIVE !IR *ILDR5 A ?OR\< $UCATION4 ,BUT :5 MONOPOLY VANI%ES & FRE$OM TAKES ITS PLACE1 !N ! >TS & SCI5CES WILL BECOME POPUL>1 & ! 5TIRE COMMUNITY 5JOY ! B5EFITS >IS+ FROM !IR PROGRESS1 PROGRESS :I* IS FATALLY H9D]$ :IL/ $UCATION 9 ! HI<] SUBJECTS IS A CLASS PRIVILEGE4 

,SOCIETY AT PRES5T RECOGNIZES ! RI<T ( ONE MAN TO DOM9E] OV] ANO!R1 BECAUSE ! P]SONS :O OBEY ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE TREAT$ AS 9F]IOR TO ?OSE :OM SOCIETY 5C\RAGES TO ACT AS MA/]S4 ,BUT ?OSE :O RULE TO-DAY CANNOT GIVE ANY SATISFACTORY ACC\NT ( ! ORIG9 ( !IR AU?ORITY OV] !IR FELL[ CITIZ5S4 ,RUL]S & RUL+ CLASSES HAVE TAK5 IT UPON !MSELVES TO REIGN OV] ?OSE WILL+ TO SUBMIT1 & ?AT SUBMISSION D5OTES ! UTT] FOOLI%NESS ( ! GOV]N$4 ,IF AN 9TELLIG5T M9ORITY REFUS$ TO HE RUL$ BY A M9ORITY ( USURP]S1 !Y W\LD HAVE A MU* /RONG] MORAL POSITION 9 REFUS+ OB$I5CE ?AN ! RUL]S HAVE = COMPELL+ IT4 ,! H&FUL ( M5 :I* REFUSES TO BE GOV]N$ BY USURP]S1 CAN BOA/ ( SUP]IOR 9TELLIG5CE TO ?OSE :O PATI5TLY YIELD TO ! DEM&S ( AMBITI\S & SELFI% 9DIVIDUALS4 ,HUMAN BE+S W]E BORN TO WORK H>MONI\SLY TOGE!R1 SO AS TO PROVIDE EA* O!R ) ! NECESS>IES ( LIFE2 & ALSO TO MAKE EA* O!R'S LIFE AS HAPPY AS POSSIBLE4 ,:5 A MAN ATTEMPTS TO OV]-RULE ANO!R HE DISPLAYS AN UNSPEAKABLE AM\NT ( IGNORANCE4 ,& :5 P$ANTIC 9DIVIDUALS >E 9DUC$ TO DICTATE TO !IR SO-CALL$ 9F]IORS1 ! RESULT IS ?AT A FI]CE DESIRE = PLACE & AU?ORITY BEG9S TO BURN )9 !IR HE>TS & FLAMES EV] HI<] & HI<]4 ,MANK9D BE+ SOCIALLY EQUAL1 AU?ORITY %\LD NOT BE EV5 M5TION$1 = 9TELLIG5CE CAN BE/ GU>D ! 9TELLIG5T - UND] FREE CONDITIONS AGA9/ COMMITT+ ACTS 9JURI\S TO !IR NEI<BORS4 

,:IL/ IGNORANCE REIGN$ AMONG ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE !Y W]E CONT5T TO BELIEVE ?AT RUL]S & ?OSE 9 AU?ORITY1 K+S1 B>ONS1 PRIE/S1 EMPLOY]S1 BAD SOME SORT ( DIV9E OR NATURAL RI<T TO TELL !M :AT TO DO & =CE !M TO DO IT4 ,BUT ! SPREAD ( KN[L$GE1 EV5 ! SMALL AM\NT ( IT CURR5T TO-DAY1 HAS BE5 5\< TO *ANGE ALL ?AT2 TO LEAD ! PEOPLE TO QUE/ION ! RI<T TO4 RULE1 TO *ALL5GE ! USURP]S ( AU?ORITY4 ,A GREAT MANY PEOPLE >E BEG9N+ TO BELIEVE ?AT1 EV]Y HUMAN BE+ \<T TO HAVE AT HIS DISPOSAL EV]Y AID TO 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T1 ?AT HE MAY ACQUIRE ?AT KN[L$GE :]EBY HE W\LD BE 5ABL$ TO CONTROL HIMSELF2 HIS [N 9/9CTS GUID$ BY HIS [N REASON W\LD !N BE ! BE/ LAW = HIS CONDUCT4 ,AT PRES5T ! MILLIONS P]MIT ! HUNDR$S TO MAKE H>D & FA/ LAWS = !M1 LAWS 9 H>MONY1 P]HAPS1 ) ! VIEWS ( ! HUNDR$S1 BUT ALTOGE!R AT V>IANCE ) ! VIEWS & 9T]E/S ( ! MILLIONS4 ,9 CONSEQU5CE ! MILLIONS >E CONT9UALLY /RUGGL+ AGA9/ LAWS REPUGNANT TO !IR NATURAL 9/9CTS1 REPUGNANT TO !IR IDEAS ( RI<T & ( ?OSE NATURAL LAWS BY :I* ALONE MANK9D \<T TO BE RUL$4 ,!Y OBEY1 BUT OBEY P]=CE & AGA9/ !IR CONSCI5CE4 ,& ?IS EVIL IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM A FIX$ CODE MADE BY ANY SET ( M5 = O!RS1 = ! HUMAN M9D IS CONT9UALLY DEVELOP+ & EA* CAN ONLY F9D \T = HIMSELF ! L9E ( CONDUCT :I* IS FITT+ TO HIM AT ANY GIV5 MOM5T4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = O!RS TO FULLY REALIZE HIS POSITION & DICTATE TO HIM4 ,IF ?IS FACT W]E RECOGNIZ$ ! (FICE ( ! LAW-MAK] W\LD BE AT AN 5D & CO]CION W\LD APPE> ! MON/R\S \TRAGE UPON HUMAN EQUALITY & FRAT]NITY ?AT IT REALLY IS4 

,J,O,H,N ,M,>,%,A,L4 

,FRE$OM3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,AN>*I/ ,SOCIALISM 

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,O,C,T,O,B,]1 #ahhi 

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