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,! ,CONSEQU5CES ( ,SOCIAL ,RE=MISM & ,G5]AL ,NATURE ( ,RE=MISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ! FIR/ *APT] WE AIM$ TO %[ ?AT ,B]N/E9'S !ORY LIFT$ ! PROGRAM ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T (F ITS MAT]IAL BASE & TRI$ TO PLACE IT ON AN IDEALI/ BASE4 ,H[ DOES ?IS !ORY F>E :5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO PRACTICE8 

,UPON ! FIR/ COMP>ISON1 ! P>TY PRACTICE RESULT+ FROM ,B]N/E9'S !ORY DOES NOT SEEM TO DIFF] FROM ! PRACTICE FOLL[$ BY ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY UP TO N[4 ,=M]LY1 ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY CONSI/$ ( TRADE UNION WORK1 ( AGITATION = SOCIAL RE=MS & ! DEMOCRATIZATION ( EXI/+ POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS NOT 9 ! :AT1 BUT 9 ! H[4 

,AT PRES5T1 ! TRADE UNION /RUGGLE & P>LIAM5T>Y PRACTICE >E CONSID]$ TO BE ! MEANS ( GUID+ & $UCAT+ ! PROLET>IAT 9 PREP>ATION = ! TASK ( TAK+ OV] P[]4 ,FROM ! REVISIONI/ /&PO9T1 ?IS CONQUE/ ( P[] IS AT ! SAME TIME IMPOSSIBLE OR USELESS4 ,& !RE=E1 TRADE UNION & P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY >E TO BE C>RI$ ON BY ! P>TY ONLY = !IR IMM$IATE RESULTS1 ?AT IS1 = ! PURPOSE ( BETT]+ ! PRES5T SITUATION ( ! WORK]S1 = ! GRADUAL R$UCTION ( CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 = ! EXT5SION ( SOCIAL CONTROL4 

,SO ?AT IF WE DON NOT CONSID] MOM5T>ILY ! IMM$IATE AMELIORATION ( ! WORK]S' CONDITION - AN OBJECTIVE COMMON TO \R P>TY PROGRAM AS WELL AS TO REVISIONISM - ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO \TLOOKS IS1 9 BRIEF1 ! FOLL[+4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! PRES5T CONCEPTION ( ! P>TY1 TRADE-UNION & P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY >E IMPORTANT = ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T BECAUSE SU* ACTIVITY PREP>ES ! PROLET>IAT1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 CREATES ! SUBJECTIVE FACTOR ( ! SOCIALI/ TRANS=MATION1 = ! TASK ( REALIZ+ SOCIALISM4 ,BUT ACCORD+ TO ,B]N/E91 TRADE-UNIONS & P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY GRADUALLY R$UCE CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION ITSELF4 ,!Y REMOVE FROM CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ITS CAPITALI/ *>ACT]4 ,!Y REALIZE OBJECTIVELY ! DESIR$ SOCIAL *ANGE4 

,EXAM9+ ! MATT] CLOSELY1 WE SEE ?AT ! TWO CONCEPTIONS >E DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$4 ,VIEW+ ! SITUATION FROM ! CURR5T /&PO9T ( \R P>TY1 WE SAY ?AT AS A RESULT ( ITS TRADE UNION & P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLES1 ! PROLET>IAT BECOMES CONV9C$1 ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( ACCOMPLI%+ A FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL *ANGE ?R\< SU* ACTIVITY & >RIVES AT ! UND]/&+ ?AT ! CONQUE/ ( P[] IS UNAVOIDABLE4 ,B]N/E9'S !ORY1 H[EV]1 BEG9S BY DECL>+ ?AT ?IS CONQUE/ IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,IT CONCLUDES BY AFFIRM+ ?AT SOCIALISM CAN ONLY BE 9TRODUC$ AS A RESULT ( ! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE & P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY4 ,= AS SE5 BY ,B]N/E91 TRADE UNION & P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION HAS A SOCIALI/ *>ACT] BECAUSE IT EX]CISES A PROGRESSIVELY SOCIALIZ+ 9FLU5CE ON CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 

,WE TRI$ TO %[ ?AT ?IS 9FLU5CE IS PURELY IMAG9>Y4 ,! RELATIONS BETWE5 CAPITALI/ PROP]TY & ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE DEVELOP 9 5TIRELY OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS1 SO ?AT ! DAILY PRACTICAL ACTIVITY ( ! PRES5T ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY LOSES1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 ALL CONNECTION ) WORK = SOCIALISM4 ,FROM ! VIEWPO9T ( A MOVEM5T = SOCIALISM1 ! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE & \R P>LIAM5T>Y PRACTICE >E VA/LY IMPORTANT 9 SO F> AS !Y MAKE SOCIALI/IC ! AW>5ESS1 ! CONSCI\SNESS1 ( ! PROLET>IAT & HELP TO ORGANIZE IT AS A CLASS4 ,BUT ONCE !Y >E CONSID]$ AS 9/RUM5TS ( ! DIRECT SOCIALIZATION ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 !Y LOSE \T NOT ONLY !IR USUAL EFFECTIV5ESS BUT ALSO CEASE BE+ MEANS ( PREP>+ ! WORK+ CLASS = ! CONQUE/ ( P[]4 ,$U>D ,B]N/E9 & ,KONRAD ,S*MIDT SUFF] FROM A COMPLETE MISUND]/&+ :5 !Y CONSOLE !MSELVES ) ! BELIEF ?AT EV5 ?\< ! PROGRAM ( ! P>TY IS R$UC$ TO WORK = SOCIAL RE=MS & ORD9>Y TRADE-UNION WORK1 ! F9AL OBJECTIVE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T IS NOT !REBY DISC>D$1 = EA* =W>D /EP REA*ES BEYOND ! GIV5 IMM$IATE AIM & ! SOCIALI/ GOAL IS IMPLI$ AS A T5D5CY 9 ! SUPPOS$ ADVANCE4 

,?AT IS C]TA9LY TRUE AB\T ! PRES5T PROC$URE ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,IT IS TRUE :5EV] A FIRM & CONSCI\S EF=T = CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[] IMPREGNATES ! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE & ! WORK = SOCIAL RE=MS4 ,BUT IF ?IS EF=T IS SEP>AT$ FROM ! MOVEM5T ITSELF & SOCIAL RE=MS >E MADE AN 5D 9 !MSELVES1 !N SU* ACTIVITY NOT ONLY DOES NOT LEAD TO ! F9AL GOAL ( SOCIALISM BUT MOVES 9 A PRECISELY OPPOSITE DIRECTION4 

,KONRAD ,S*MIDT SIMPLY FALLS BACK ON ! IDEA ?AT AN APP>5TLY ME*ANICAL MOVEM5T1 ONCE />T$1 CANNOT /OP BY ITSELF1 BECAUSE 0ONE'S APPETITE GR[S ) ! EAT+10 & ! WORK+ CLASS WILL NOT SUPPOS$LY CONT5T ITSELF ) RE=MS TILL ! F9AL SOCIALI/ TRANS=MATION IS REALIZ$4 

,N[ ! LA/ M5TION$ CONDITION IS QUITE REAL4 ,ITS EFFECTIV5ESS IS GU>ANTE$ BY ! V]Y 9SUFFICI5CY ( CAPITALI/ RE=MS4 ,BUT ! CONCLUSION DRAWN FROM IT C\LD ONLY BE TRUE IF IT W]E POSSIBLE TO CON/RUCT AN UNBROK5 *A9 ( AUGM5T$ RE=MS LEAD+ FROM ! CAPITALISM ( TODAY TO SOCIALISM4 ,?IS IS1 ( C\RSE1 %E] FANTASY4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) ! NATURE ( ?+S AS !Y >E ! *A9 BREAKS QUICKLY1 & ! PA?S ?AT ! SUPPOS$ =W>D MOVEM5T CAN TAKE FROM ! PO9T ON >E MANY & V>I$4 

,:AT WILL BE ! IMM$IATE RESULT %\LD \R P>TY *ANGE ITS G5]AL PROC$URE TO SUIT A VIEWPO9T ?AT WANTS TO EMPHASIZE ! PRACTICAL RESULTS ( \R /RUGGLE1 ?AT IS SOCIAL RE=MS8 ,AS SOON AS 0IMM$IATE RESULTS0 BECOME ! PR9CIPAL AIM ( \R ACTIVITY1 ! CLE>-CUT1 IRRECONCILABLE PO9T ( VIEW1 :I* HAS MEAN+ ONLY 9 SO F> AS IT PROPOSES TO W9 P[]1 WILL BE F\ND MORE & MORE 9CONV5I5T4 ,! DIRECT CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS WILL BE ! ADOPTION BY ! P>TY ( A 0POLICY ( COMP5SATION10 A POLICY ( POLITICAL TRAD+1 & AN ATTITUDE ( DIFFID5T1 DIPLOMATIC CONCILIATION4 ,BUT ?IS ATTITUDE CANNOT BE CONT9U$ = A LONG TIME4 ,S9CE ! SOCIAL RE=MS CAN ONLY (F] AN EMPTY PROMISE1 ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( SU* A PROGRAM MU/ NECESS>ILY BE DISILLUSIONM5T4 

,IT IS NOT TRUE ?AT SOCIALISM WILL >ISE AUTOMATICALLY FROM ! DAILY /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,SOCIALISM WILL BE ! CONSEQU5CE ( 7#a71 ! GR[+ CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY & 7#b71 ( ! COMPREH5SION BY ! WORK+ CLASS ( ! UNAVOIDABILITY ( ! SUPPRESSION ( !SE CONTRADICTIONS ?R\< A SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 ,:51 9 ! MANN] ( REVISIONISM1 ! FIR/ CONDITION IS D5I$ & ! SECOND REJECT$1 ! LABOR MOVEM5T F9DS ITSELF R$UC$ TO A SIMPLE COOP]ATIVE & RE=MI/ MOVEM5T4 ,WE MOVE H]E 9 A /RAI<T L9E T[>D ! TOTAL AB&ONM5T ( ! CLASS VIEWPO9T4 

,?IS CONSEQU5CE ALSO BECOMES EVID5T :5 WE 9VE/IGATE ! G5]AL *>ACT] ( REVISIONISM4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT REVISIONISM DOES NOT WI% TO CONC$E ?AT ITS /&PO9T IS ?AT ( ! CAPITALI/ APOLOGI/4 ,IT DOES NOT JO9 ! B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S 9 D5Y+ ! EXI/5CE ( ! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM4 ,BUT1 ON ! O!R H&1 :AT PRECISELY CON/ITUTES ! FUNDAM5TAL PO9T ( REVISIONISM & DI/+UI%ES IT FROM ! ATTITUDE TAK5 BY ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY UP TO N[1 IS ?AT IT DOES NOT BASE ITS !ORY ON ! BELIEF ?AT ! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM WILL BE SUPPRESS$ AS A RESULT ( ! LOGICAL 9N] DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRES5T ECONOMIC SY/EM4 

,WE MAY SAY ?AT ! !ORY ( REVISIONISM OCCUPIES AN 9T]M$IATE PLACE BETWE5 TWO EXTREMES4 ,REVISIONISM DOES NOT EXPECT TO SEE ! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM MATURE4 ,IT DOES NOT PROPOSE TO SUPPRESS !SE CONTRADICTIONS ?R\< A REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION4 ,IT WANTS TO LESS51 TO ATT5UATE1 ! CAPITALI/ CONTRADICTIONS4 ,SO ?AT ! ANTAGONISM EXI/+ BETWE5 PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE IS TO BE MOLLIFI$ BY ! CESSATION ( CRISES & ! =MATION ( CAPITALI/ COMB9ES4 ,! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ,CAPITAL & ,LABOR IS TO BE ADJU/$ BY BETT]+ ! SITUATION ( ! WORK]S & BY ! CONS]VATION ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES4 ,& ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! CLASS ,/ATE & SOCIETY IS TO BE LIQUIDAT$ ?R\< 9CREAS$ ,/ATE CONTROL & ! PROGRESS ( DEMOCRACY4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! PRES5T PROC$URE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY DOES NOT CONSI/ 9 WAIT+ = ! ANTAGONISMS ( CAPITALISM TO DEVELOP & 9 PASS+ ON1 ONLY !N1 TO ! TASK ( SUPPRESS+ !M4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ESS5CE ( REVOLUTION>Y PROC$URE IS TO BE GUID$ BY ! DIRECTION ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 ONCE IT IS ASC]TA9$1 & 9F]R+ FROM ?IS DIRECTION :AT CONSEQU5CES >E NECESS>Y = ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,?US ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY HAS COMBAT$ T>IFF W>S & MILIT>ISM )\T WAIT+ = !IR REACTION>Y *>ACT] TO BECOME FULLY EVID5T4 ,B]N/E9'S PROC$URE IS NOT GUID$ BY A CONSID]ATION ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 BY ! PROSPECT ( ! AGGRAVATION ( ITS CONTRADICTIONS4 ,IT IS GUID$ BY ! PROSPECT ( ! ATT5UATION ( !SE CONTRADICTIONS4 ,HE %[S ?IS :5 HE SPEAKS ( ! 0ADAPTATION0 ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 

,N[ :5 CAN SU* A CONCEPTION BE CORRECT8 ,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT CAPITALISM WILL CONT9UE TO DEVELOP 9 ! DIRECTION IT TAKES AT PRES5T1 !N ITS CONTRADICTIONS MU/ NECESS>ILY BECOME %>P] & MORE AGGRAVAT$ 9/EAD ( DISAPPE>+4 ,! POSSIBILITY ( ! ATT5UATION ( ! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM PRESUPPOSES ?AT ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION ITSELF WILL /OP ITS PROGRESS4 ,9 %ORT1 ! G5]AL CONDITION ( ,B]N/E9'S !ORY IS ! CESSATION ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 

,?IS WAY1 H[EV]1 HIS !ORY CONDEMNS ITSELF 9 A TW(OLD MANN]4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 IT MANIFE/S ITS UTOPIAN *>ACT] 9 ITS /& ON ! E/ABLI%M5T ( SOCIALISM4 ,= IT IS CLE> ?AT A DEFECTIVE CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T CANNOT LEAD TO A SOCIALI/ TRANS=MATION4 

,9 ! SECOND PLACE1 ,B]N/E9'S !ORY REVEALS ITS REACTION>Y *>ACT] :5 IT REF]S TO ! RAPID CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T ?AT IS TAK+ PLACE AT PRES5T4 ,GIV5 ! DEVELOPM5T ( REAL CAPITALISM1 H[ CAN WE EXPLA91 OR RA!R /ATE1 ,B]N/E9'S POSITION8 

,WE HAVE DEMON/RAT$ 9 ! FIR/ *APT] ! BASELESSNESS ( ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ON :I* ,B]N/E9 BUILDS HIS ANALYSIS ( EXI/+ SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT NEI!R ! CR$IT SY/EM NOR C>TELS CAN BE SAID TO BE 0MEANS ( ADAPTATION0 ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT NOT EV5 ! TEMPOR>Y CESSATION ( CRISES NOR ! SURVIVAL ( ! MIDDLE CLASS CAN BE REG>D$ AS SYMPTOMS ( CAPITALI/ ADAPTATION4 ,BUT EV5 ?\< WE %\LD FAIL TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! ]RONE\S *>ACT] ( ALL !SE DETAILS ( ,B]N/E9'S !ORY WE CANNOT HELP BUT BE /OPP$ %ORT BY ONE FEATURE COMMON TO ALL ( !M4 ,B]N/E9'S !ORY DOES NOT SEIZE !SE MANIFE/ATIONS ( CONTEMPOR>Y ECONOMIC LIFE AS !Y APPE> 9 !IR ORGANIC RELATION%IP ) ! :OLE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 ) ! COMPLETE ECONOMIC ME*ANISM ( CAPITALISM4 ,HIS !ORY PULLS !SE DETAILS \T ( !IR LIV+ ECONOMIC CONTEXT4 ,IT TREATS !M AS DISJECTA MEMBRA 7SEP>ATE P>TS7 ( A LIFELESS MA*9E4 

,CONSID]1 = EXAMPLE1 HIS CONCEPTION ( ! ADAPTIVE EFFECT ( CR$IT4 ,IF WE RECOGNIZE CR$IT AS A HI<] NATURAL /AGE ( ! PROCESS ( EX*ANGE &1 !RE=E1 ( ! CONTRADICTIONS 9H]5T 9 CAPITALI/ EX*ANGE1 WE CANNOT AT ! SAME TIME SEE IT AS A ME*ANICAL MEANS ( ADAPTATION EXI/+ \TSIDE ( ! PROCESS ( EX*ANGE4 ,IT W\LD BE JU/ AS IMPOSSIBLE TO CONSID] MONEY1 M]*&ISE1 & CAPITAL AS 0MEANS ( ADAPTATION0 ( CAPITALISM4 

,H[EV]1 CR$IT1 LIKE MONEY1 COMMODITIES & CAPITAL1 IS AN ORGANIC L9K ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY AT A C]TA9 /AGE ( ITS DEVELOPM5T4 ,LIKE !M1 IT IS AN 9DISP5SABLE GE> 9 ! ME*ANISM ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 & AT ! SAME TIME1 AN 9/RUM5T ( DE/RUCTION1 S9CE IT AGGRAVATES ! 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM4 

,! SAME ?+ IS TRUE AB\T C>TELS & ! NEW1 P]FECT$ MEANS ( COMMUNICATION4 

,! SAME ME*ANICAL VIEW IS PRES5T$ BY ,B]N/E9'S ATTEMPT TO DESCRIBE ! PROMISE ( ! CESSATION ( CRISES AS A SYMPTOM ( ! 0ADAPTATION0 ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,= HIM1 CRISES >E SIMPLY D]ANGEM5TS ( ! ECONOMIC ME*ANISM4 ,) !IR CESSATION1 HE ?9KS1 ! ME*ANISM C\LD FUNCTION WELL4 ,BUT ! FACT IS ?AT CRISES >E NOT 0D]ANGEM5TS0 9 ! USUAL S5SE ( ! WORD4 ,!Y >E 0D]ANGEM5TS0 )\T :I* CAPITALI/ ECONOMY C\LD NOT DEVELOP AT ALL4 ,= IF CRISES CON/ITUTE ! ONLY ME?OD POSSIBLE 9 CAPITALISM - & !RE=E ! NORMAL ME?OD - ( SOLV+ P]IODICALLY ! CONFLICT EXI/+ BETWE5 ! UNLIMIT$ EXT5SION ( PRODUCTION & ! N>R[ LIMITS ( ! WORLD M>KET1 !N CRISES >E AN ORGANIC MANIFE/ATION 9SEP>ABLE FROM CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 

,9 ! 0UNH9D]$0 ADVANCE ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION LURKS A ?REAT TO CAPITALISM ?AT IS MU* GREAT] ?AN CRISES4 ,IT IS ! ?REAT ( ! CON/ANT FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT1 RESULT+ NOT ONLY FROM ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE1 BUT FROM ! GR[? ( ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR ITSELF4 ,! FALL 9 ! RATE ( PR(IT HAS ! EXTREMELY DANG]\S T5D5CY ( R5D]+ IMPOSSIBLE ANY 5T]PRISE = SMALL & MIDDLE-SIZ$ CAPITALS4 ,IT ?US LIMITS ! NEW =MATION & !RE=E ! EXT5SION ( PLACEM5TS ( CAPITAL4 

,& IT IS PRECISELY CRISES ?AT CON/ITUTE ! O!R CONSEQU5CE ( ! SAME PROCESS4 ,AS A RESULT ( !IR P]IODIC DEPRECIATION ( CAPITAL1 CRISES BR+ A FALL 9 ! PRICES ( MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 A P>ALYZES ( A P>T ( ! ACTIVE CAPITAL1 & 9 TIME ! 9CREASE ( PR(ITS4 ,!Y ?US CREATE ! POSSIBILITIES ( ! R5EW$ ADVANCE ( PRODUCTION4 ,CRISES !RE=E APPE> TO BE ! 9/RUM5TS ( REK9DL+ ! FIRE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,!IR CESSATION - NOT TEMPOR>Y CESSATION1 BUT !IR TOTAL DISAPPE>ANCE 9 ! WORLD M>KET - W\LD NOT LEAD TO ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,IT W\LD DE/ROY CAPITALISM4 

,TRUE TO ! ME*ANICAL VIEW ( HIS !ORY ( ADAPTATION1 ,B]N/E9 =GETS ! NECESSITY ( CRISES AS WELL AS ! NECESSITY ( NEW PLACEM5TS ( SMALL & MIDDLE-SIZ$ CAPITALS4 ,& ?AT IS :Y ! CON/ANT REAPPE>ANCE ( SMALL CAPITAL SEEMS TO HIM TO BE ! SIGN ( ! CESSATION ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T ?\< IT IS1 9 FACT1 A SYMPTOM ( NORMAL CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT !RE IS A VIEWPO9T FROM :I* ALL ! ABOVE-M5TION$ PH5OM5A >E SE5 EXACTLY AS !Y HAVE BE5 PRES5T$ BY ! !ORY ( 0ADAPTATION40 ,IT IS ! VIEWPO9T ( ! ISOLAT$ 7S+LE7 CAPITALI/ :O REFLECTS 9 HIS M9D ! ECONOMIC FACTS >\ND HIM JU/ AS !Y APPE> :5 REFRACT$ BY ! LAWS ( COMPETITION4 ,! ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/ SEES EA* ORGANIC P>T ( ! :OLE ( \R ECONOMY AS AN 9DEP5D5T 5TITY4 ,HE SEES !M AS !Y ACT ON HIM1 ! S+LE CAPITALI/4 ,HE !RE=E CONSID]S !SE FACTS TO BE SIMPLE 0D]ANGEM5TS0 ( SIMPLE 0MEANS ( ADAPTATION40 ,= ! ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/1 IT IS TRUE1 CRISES >E REALLY SIMPLE D]ANGEM5TS2 ! CESSATION ( CRISES ACCORDS HIM A LONG] EXI/5CE4 ,AS F> AS HE IS CONC]N$1 CR$IT IS ONLY A MEANS ( 0ADAPT+0 HIS 9SUFFICI5T PRODUCTIVE =CES TO ! NE$S ( ! M>KET4 ,& IT SEEMS TO HIM ?AT ! C>TEL ( :I* HE BECOMES A MEMB] REALLY SUPPRESSES 9DU/RIAL AN>*Y4 

,REVISIONISM IS NO?+ ELSE ?AN A !ORETIC G5]ALIZATION MADE FROM ! ANGLE ( ! ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/4 ,:]E DOES ?IS VIEWPO9T BELONG !ORETICALLY IF NOT 9 VULG> B\RGEOIS ECONOMICS8 

,ALL ! ]RORS ( ?IS S*OOL RE/ PRECISELY ON ! CONCEPTION ?AT MI/AKES ! PH5OM5A ( COMPETITION1 AS SE5 FROM ! ANGLE ( ! ISOLAT$ CAPITALI/1 = ! PH5OM5A ( ! :OLE ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,JU/ AS ,B]N/E9 CONSID]S CR$IT TO BE A MEANS ( 0ADAPTATION10 TO ! NE$S ( EX*ANGE4 ,VULG> ECONOMY1 TOO1 TRIES TO F9D ! ANTIDOTE AGA9/ ! ILLS ( CAPITALISM 9 ! PH5OM5A ( CAPITALISM4 ,LIKE ,B]N/E91 IT BELIEVES ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO REGULATE CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,& 9 ! MANN] ( ,B]N/E91 IT >RIVES 9 TIME AT ! DESIRE TO PALLIATE ! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM1 ?AT IS1 AT ! BELIEF 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( PAT*+ UP ! SORES ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT 5DS UP BY SUBSCRIB+ TO A PROGRAM ( REACTION4 ,IT 5DS UP 9 AN UTOPIA4 

,! !ORY ( REVISIONISM CAN !RE=E BE DEF9$ 9 ! FOLL[+ WAY4 ,IT IS A !ORY ( /&+ /ILL 9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T BUILT1 ) ! AID ( VULG> ECONOMY1 ON A !ORY ( CAPITALI/ /&/ILL4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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