,REMEMB]+ ,F$]ICO ,>COS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,WATSON 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION 

,F$]ICO ,>COS 7,JULY #a#h1 #a#i#b-,MAY #b#c1 #b#a#e71 A LIFELONG AN>*I/1 P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION & ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ! #a#i#cS1 & LAT] TOOK P>T 9 ! ANTIFASCI/ UND]GR\ND !RE4 ,HE IMMIGRAT$ TO ,CANADA 9 #a#i#e#b1 :]E HE CONT9U$ HIS COMMITM5T TO AN>*I/ GOALS4 ,HE EV5TUALLY COMPIL$ AN EXT5SIVE >*IVE ( AN>*I/ WRIT+S & O!R MAT]IAL4 

,FIF? ,E/AT]S MET ,F$]ICO 9 ! E>LY #a#i#gS4 ,9 TIME HE BECAME A BELOV$ ELD] TO PEOPLE WORK+ ON ! PAP]1 & 9 ! L>G] ,DETROIT_/,W9DSOR AN>*I/1 RADICAL1 & LABOR COMMUNITIES4 ,! #e? ANNIV]S>Y RETROSPECTIVE EXHIBIT ( ! ,F,E AT ,DETROIT'S ,MUSEUM ( ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,>T IS D$ICAT$ TO ,F$]ICO4 ,IT RUNS FROM ,SEPTEMB] #bae TO ,JANU>Y #b#a#f4 

,! FOLL[+ REMEMBRANCE IS PRES5T$ ) ! UND]/&+ ?AT EA* G5]ATION ( REBELS CONFRONTS ! LEVIA?AN ( OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION 9 ITS [N WAY1 US+ ! IDEAS & RES\RCES PASS$ ON TO IT BY ?OSE :O CAME BE=E4 ,TODAY'S AN>*I/S & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS FI<T = A FUTURE FREE FROM HI]>*Y & EXPLOITATION1 DEVELOP+ MEANS & /RATEGIES AS !Y GO4 ,= SOME1 LIV+ MEMORY ( ! /RUGGLE GOES BACK TO ! ,OCCUPY MOVEM5T1 = O!RS1 ,SEATTLE 9 #a#i#i#i4 ,?OSE ( US :O BECAME ACTIVE 9 ! #a#i#fS & '#gS W]E P]SONALLY ACQUA9T$ ) VET]ANS ( ! REVOLTS E>LI] 9 ! C5TURY1 FROM :OM WE DREW DEEP 9SPIRATION & C\RAGE4 ,BECAUSE ! FI<T = FRE$OM IS /ILL ONGO+1 AW>5ESS ( ! LIVES & LEGACIES ( YE/]DAY'S FI<T]S & BATTLES REMA9S RELEVANT1 9 FACT ESS5TIAL4 

--,ROBBY ,B>NES 

,REMEMB]+ ,F$]ICO ,>COS 

,WE HAVE GA!R$ H]E TODAY TO REMEMB] & TO CELEBRATE \R DE> FRI5D ,F$]ICO ,>COS--,F$E1 AS MANY ( HIS FRI5DS KNEW HIM4 ,YE/]DAY1 ,JULY #a#h1 WAS HIS N9ETY-FIF? BIR?DAY4 ,IT WAS ALSO ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! MILIT>Y PUTS* 9 ,SPA9 9 ,JULY #aicf ?AT SP>K$ ! RESPONSE ( ! POOR & WORK+ CLASSES ( ,B>CELONA1 & O!R P>TS ( ,SPA91 :I* BECAME ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 

,= MANY YE>S A COMMUNITY ( FRI5DS1 COMRADES1 & ADMIR]S ( ,F$]ICO GA!R$ >\ND ?IS TIME ( YE> TO WI% HIM WELL1 TO TOA/ & ROA/ HIM1 & TO AFFIRM ! AN>*I/ & HUMANI/ IDEALS HE ESP\S$4 ,SO1 H]E WE >E1 GA!R$ ONCE MORE TO CELEBRATE & HONOR HIM1 TO CELEBRATE & HONOR ! IDEALS ( FRE$OM1 SOLID>ITY1 & LOVE4 ,& SO1 A TOA/ TO ,F$E1 NUE/RO AMIGO1 H]MANO1 COMPAN]O1 PADRE1 ABUELO1 Y YAYO4 ,IF Y\ DON'T HAVE ANY?+ TO DR9K1 RAISE Y\R >MS 9 ! OLD AN>*I/ SALUTE1 ) A CL5*$ FI/ & ! O!R H& CLASP+ ! WRI/1 A GE/URE HE (T5 MADE FROM HIS POR*1 TE>S 9 HIS EYES1 :5 WE DROVE AWAY FROM HIS H\SE4 6,VIVA6 .<,T,O,A,/.> 

,:5 SOME ( US ON ?IS SIDE ( ! RIV] MET ,F$]ICO BACK 9 ! E>LY-MID #a#i#gS1 HE REALLY DID NOT DR9K AT ALL1 OR ALMO/ NOT AT ALL4 ,HE WAS V]Y S]I\S1 & A LITTLE PURITANICAL 9 ! /YLE ( MANY ( ! OLD AN>*I/S1 ES*EW+ CIG>ETTES1 ALCOHOL1 & E>?Y LANGUAGE4 ,HE C\LD BE PRETTY JUDGM5TAL AB\T SU* MATT]S4 ,BUT OV] ! YE>S HE LOOS5$ UP1 & W\LD TAKE A SMALL GLASS ( W9E = ! TOA/4 ,HE ALSO BECAME LOOS] & E>?I] 9 HIS LANGUAGE :5 WE SPOKE1 & FUNNI]4 

,F$]ICO WAS A D$ICAT$ COMRADE2 HE DISAPPROV$ ( SO-CALL$ ,LAT9 TIME1 & USUALLY >RIV$ E>LY TO WORK ON PROJECTS OR TO VISIT FRI5DS4 ,HE NEV] SUGGE/$ PUTT+ SOME?+ (F ?AT C\LD BE ACCOMPLI%$ IMM$IATELY4 ,BUT HE WAS FUNNY1 & FUN-LOV+1 & SOMETIMES ]UDITE4 ,HE ALWAYS1 AS LONG AS WE KNEW HIM1 REGAL$ US ) A PR(USION ( PROV]BS1 EXPRESSIONS1 TONGUE-TWI/]S 9 ,SPANI% & ,CATALAN1 POEMS1 & JOKES 7SOME A LITTLE MORE RIBALD AS TIME W5T ON74 ,HE BELIEV$ 9 ! P[] ( ! WORD1 & HE W\LD RECITE REAMS ( POEMS FROM MEMORY--SOME ( IT N9ETE5? C5TURY1 OV]-BAK$ ROMANTICISM1 TRUE1 BUT WOND]FUL TO HE> FROM HIM4 ,HE SPOKE ,FR5*1 ,ITALIAN1 ,CATALAN1 ,SPANI%1 ,5GLI% & S]VICEABLE ,PORTUGUESE1 & AT ONE TIME C\LD 0DEF5D HIMSELF0 9 ,>ABIC1 AS !Y PUT IT 9 ,SPANI%4 ,HE WAS MOV$ TO TE>S BY GREAT MUSIC1 POETRY1 >T1 & BY /ORIES ( HUMAN C\RAGE1 ALTRUISM1 & SUFF]+--& BY HIS MEMORIES4 

,HE USUALLY BECAME V]Y EMOTIONAL RECIT+ POEMS & REFLECT+ ON HIS LIFE4 ,?IS WAS NOT SIMPLY A QUE/ION ( OLD AGE1 ?\< IT DID BECOME MORE PRON\NC$ OV] TIME4 ,HIS OLD FRI5D & FELL[ ,QUIJOTE DEL ,IDEAL1 ,DIEGO ,CAMA*O1 ONCE TOLD ME ?AT ,F$]ICO WAS 0ALWAYS A BIT ( A CRYBABY1 A LLORON10 A WELL-KN[N ROMANTICO :O CRI$ EASILY1 EV5 AS A Y\NG MAN1 :5 MOV$ BY LIFE'S PA9 OR ITS BEAUTY4 

,9 SU* MOM5TS1 REMEMB]+ HIS FALL5 FRI5DS1 ,F$]ICO W\LD 9SI/ ?AT EV]Y?+ MEAN+FUL TO HIM--:O HE WAS & HAD BECOME1 HIS ADH]5CE TO HIS PR9CIPLES1 HIS HOPE 9 ! FUTURE--HE [$ TO !M4 ,& HE W\LD ADD ?AT HE ALSO [$ IT US1 HIS COMMUNITY1 HIS COMPAN]OS N[4 ,HE MEANT ! RADICAL & AN>*I/ COMMUNITY H]E1 BUT ALSO HE MEANT ! PEOPLE 9 ! UNION & ON PROJECTS ) :OM HE COLLABORAT$ 9 ,W9DSOR4 

,TO US1 ,F$]ICO SEEM$ TO HAVE WA%$ UP ON ! %ORES ( ?IS ,/RAIT FROM SOME T]RIBLE %IPWRECK1 ! DE/RUCTION ( A WORLD & VISION ?AT BRIEFLY FL\RI%$ & MI<T HAVE /ILL BE51 BUT = ! EVIL M5 DO4 ,BUT HIS 5]GY1 HIS HOPE1 & HIS MEMORIES ( ?AT DREAM HAD AN EFFECT ON ALL :O CAME TO KN[ HIM4 ,9 HIS BIOGRAPHY ( ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,REBEL 9 ,P>ADISE1 \R FRI5D ,RI*>D ,DR9NON QUOT$ ,GOLDMAN'S (T5 REPEAT$ OBS]VATION1 0,IF Y\ DO NOT FEEL A ?+1 Y\ WILL NEV] GUESS ITS MEAN+40 ,F$]ICO'S DEEP FEEL+ CONNECT$ HIM1 & HELP$ TO CONNECT US1 & HE CAME TO EMBODY 9 HIS HUMBLE WAY ALMO/ EV]Y?+ ?AT REALLY MATT]$ TO US AS WELL4 

,BE=E Y\ />T TO ?9K ?AT ,I AM IMMORTALIZ+ HIM1 LET ME SAY ?AT ,F$]ICO WAS A HUMBLE MAN1 SIMPLE 9 SOME WAYS BUT ALSO COMPLICAT$4 ,HE WAS IMP]FECT4 ,LIKE ALL ( US1 HE HAD HIS MOM5TS ( VANITY & ( IRE4 ,HE WAS PR\D ( HIS CONTRIBUTIONS1 & C\LD BE VA9 AB\T !M AS HE GOT OLD]4 ,HE C\LD BE PETULANT ) FRI5DS & O!RS AB\T DIFF]5CES ( OP9ION1 & HE WAS AT TIMES A TYRANNICAL FA!R :5 HIS DAU<T] DID NOT FOLL[ 9 HIS FOOT/EPS TO FI<T = EL ,IDEAL4 

,BUT USUALLY ! VANITY CAME FROM AN UND]/&ABLE PRIDE 9 L>GELY IF NOT 5TIRELY HAV+ RESI/$ ! BRIB]Y ( MOD]N SOCIETY & ITS >RAY ( COMMODITIES & CONSUMPTION1 & 9 HAV+ CONTRIBUT$ TO ! /RUGGLE = HUMAN FRE$OM 9 WAYS ?AT HE W\LD REM9D Y\ W]E MODE/4 ,HE ALWAYS 9SI/$ ?AT HE WAS 0NOT GOOD 5\<0 TO BE A REVOLUTION>Y OR AN AN>*I/ BECAUSE1 AS HE EXPRESS$ IT ONCE 9 0,LETT] TO A ,FRI5D10 AN ESSAY PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 = ONE TO CLAIM SU* A DESIGNATION1 0IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO REA* ! EXTREME PO9T ( SACRIFICE & TO DEVOTE ONESELF )\T RES]VATION TO DO+ GOOD1 )\T LIMIT & )\T CEASE40 

,ONE MAY BE TEMPT$ TO SEE ?IS AS MORE ROMANTICISMO1 BUT 9 FACT HE F\<T 9 A REVOLUTION & SAW IT DEFEAT$1 & ! 9EVITABLE HUMAN SUFF]+ & DESPAIR ?AT FOLL[$1 & HE LIV$ ) ! FACT1 NEV] =GOT ! FACT1 ?AT SEV]AL ( HIS CLOSE/ FRI5DS & COMPAN]OS 9 ! REVOLUTION & LAT] ! ANTI-,FRANCO UND]GR\ND DI$ 9 ! W> & ITS AFT]MA?4 ,HE REMEMB]$ ,JOSE ,GOSALVES1 A Y\NG ,QUIJOTE :O DI$ ( ILLNESS 9 ! 9T]NM5T CAMP 9 ,FRANCE4 ,& ,JOSE ,SABATE & ,FRANCISCO ,M>T9EZ1 KILL$ BY ,FRANCO'S COPS4 ,& ,JOSE ,PONS & ,JOSE ,P]EZ ,P$R]O1 CAPTUR$ & EXECUT$ 9 ,FRANCO'S PRISONS4 ,& !RE WAS ! 9C&ESC5T ,RAUL ,C>BALLEIRA--:OM HE MAY HAVE LOV$ MO/ ( ALL1 & = :OM HE P5N$ A POETIC EULOGY 9 HIS BOOK ,MOM5TOS--:O1 9 #a#i#d#h1 AT ?IRTY YE>S OLD1 CORN]$ BY ! POLICE 9 ,B>CELONA & W\ND$ 9 A %OOT-\T1 *OSE TO TAKE HIS [N LIFE RA!R ?AN SURR5D]4 ,!RE WAS ROMANTICISM 9 ,F$]ICO'S REFUSAL TO CALL HIMSELF A REVOLUTION>Y1 YES1 & 9 HIS TE>S = HIS FALL5 FRI5DS1 = A DREAM DE/ROY$1 BUT IT WAS NOT M]E ROMANTICISM--!RE WAS AU!NTIC HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE1 & SPIRIT & HUMANITY & TRU? 9 IT4 

,& HE C\LD BE EXCESSIVELY JUDGM5TAL1 BUT HIS WRA? WAS (T5 DIRECT$ AT A FAILURE HE P]CEIV$ 9 PEOPLE1 !N & TODAY1 TO =GET ! MO/ IMPORTANT TRU?S ( LIFE--?AT1 AS ONE ( HIS H]OES1 ,LEV ,TOL/OY1 PUT IT1 ?AT 0! SUPREME LAW ( LIFE IS LOVE10 & AS ANO!R1 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 PUT IT1 ?AT 0,LIFE )\T AN IDEAL IS SPIRITUAL DEA?40 ,HE WAS FOND ( QUOT+ BO?4 ,HIS ORI5TATION WAS ALWAYS EXI/5TIAL & E?ICAL4 ,HE NEV] SUCCUMB$ TO SPIRITUAL DEA?4 ,HE WAS ALWAYS BE+ R5EW$ BY ,EL ,IDEAL1 =EV] BE+ BORN1 UNTIL ! 5D4 ,& HE NEV] LO/ HOPE 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( HUMAN FRE$OM & SOLID>ITY4 ,9 AN 9T]VIEW ) ,PACIFIC ,/REET ,FILMS 9 #b#c1 HE SAID1 0,MAYBE HUMANK9D WILL NEV] REA* TRUE FRE$OM1 BUT AS LONG AS ONE S+LE HUMAN BE+ IS DREAM+ = FRE$OM1 & FI<T+ = IT1 !RE WILL BE HOPE4 ,?AT'S ! ?+ ?AT KEEPS ME ALIVE40 7,SEE HTTPS3_/_/WWW4Y\TUBE4COM_/WAT*8V"7Q,H,H*,K,NFG,M#d47 

--- 

,BORN 9 ,B>CELONA 9 #aib 9 AN AN>*I/ IMMIGRANT FAMILY ?AT HAD COME TO ! CITY FROM ! ,CA/ILIAN H9T]L& TO WORK1 ,F$]ICO GREW UP 9 ! HEAVILY AN>*I/1 WORK+ CLASS ,B>CELONA DI/RICT ( ,CLOT1 A B>RIO ?AT HAS CONT9U$ 9 ITS [N WAY TO REPRES5T ! FAM\S ,B>CELONA REBELDE1 EV5 REC5TLY1 9 ! LA/ FEW YE>S ( ASAMBLEAS 7COMMUNITY ASSEMBLIES7 & ! 9DIGNADOS1 :O PLAY$ A ROLE 9 9SPIR+ \R ,OCCUPY MOVEM5T4 ,HE HAD TWO BRO!RS & TWO SI/]S1 ALL OLD]1 :O HAD BE5 BORN 9 ! VILLAGE ( ,UCLES1 9 ,CU5CA PROV9CE4 ,F$]ICO WAS ABLE TO VISIT ! VILLAGE 9 #a#i#h#h2 HE TOLD HI/ORIAN ,PAUL ,AVRI* 9 AN 9T]VIEW = ! BOOK1 ,AN>*I/ ,VOICES1 ?AT AT ! 5D ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 ,UCLES1 :]E A ,REPUBLICAN HOSPITAL HAD BE5 LOCAT$1 FELL TO ,FRANCO'S TROOPS & WAS CONV]T$ 9TO A CONC5TRATION CAMP4 ,! MASS GRAVE ( ! />V$ & MURD]$ PRISON]S IS /ILL !RE4 

,F$]ICO'S FA!R1 ,SANTOS ,>COS ,SAN*EZ1 & HIS MO!R1 ,MANUELA ,M>T9EZ ,MOR5O1 HAD BE5 PEASANTS2 HIS FA!R WAS ILLIT]ATE1 & HIS MO!R C\LD READ & WRITE ONLY A LITTLE4 ,F$]ICO LE>N$ TO READ ACROSS ! /REET FROM HIS HOME AT ! ,ACADEMIA ,5CICLOP$ICA1 ONE ( ! AN>*I/ FREE ?\<T S*OOLS ?AT PROVID$ A BROAD] $UCATIONAL EXP]I5CE ?AN ! VA/ MAJORITY ( S*OOLS AVAILABLE 9 ,SPA9 AT ! TIME1 MO/ ( :I* W]E SPONSOR$ BY ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*4 ,ONE ( HIS E>LIE/ MEMORIES WAS READ+ ! WORK]S' NEWSPAP]S TO HIS FA!R & O!R NEI<BORS :5 !Y GA!R$ 9 !IR DOORWAYS TO SOCIALIZE AT ! 5D ( ! DAY4 ,HE LEFT S*OOL AT ?IRTE5 & />T$ WORK+ AS A CAB9ETMAK]1 BECOM+ AN APPR5TICE AT F\RTE54 ,HE LAT] W5T TO TRADE S*OOL & BECAME A SKILL$ ME*ANIC1 WORK+ ON LA!S1 DRILLS1 CUTT]S1 %AP]S--HE W\LD CONT9UE TO WORK 9 ?IS FIELD ?R\<\T HIS LIFE4 ,AT F\RTE51 HE ALSO JO9$ ! ,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DE ,TRABAJO 7,C,N,T71 ! AN>*I/ UNION4 ,HIS FA!R1 BRO!RS1 & BRO!R-9-LAW W]E ALL ,C,N,T MEMB]S4 

,F$]ICO (T5 TALK$ ) GREAT EMOTION AB\T ! WORK+ CLASS COMMUNITY 9 :I* HE WAS =M$4 ,9 AN 9T]VIEW = ! #aiig FILM ,VIVIR LA UTOPIA 7,LIV+ ,UTOPIA71 HE RECALL$3 0,NEI<BORS MADE UP ONE BIG FAMILY4 ,9 ?OSE DAYS !RE WAS NO UNEMPLOYM5T B5EFIT1 NO SICKNESS B5EFIT OR ANY?+ LIKE ?AT4 ,:5EV] SOMEONE WAS TAK5 SICK1 ! FIR/ ?+ A NEI<BOR ) A LITTLE SP>E CA% DID WAS TO LEAVE IT ON ! TABLE 444 ,!RE W]E NO PAP]S TO BE SIGN$1 NO %AK+ ( H&S 444 ,& IT WAS REPAID1 PESETA BY PESETA1 :5 HE WAS WORK+ AGA94 ,IT WAS A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE1 A MORAL OBLIGATION40 ,?US TO US ,F$]ICO S]V$ NOT ONLY AS A L9K TO ! GLORY DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION1 BUT ALSO TO ?AT OLD] VILLAGE SOCIETY ( SOLID>ITY & MUTUAL AID1 TO ! COMMUNITY DESCRIB$ BY ,KROPOTK91 ! SOIL 9 :I* ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMUNIT>IAN E?OS CAME TO LIFE4 

,9 #a#i#c#f1 ! PEOPLE ( ,B>CELONA ROSE UP SPONTANE\SLY & QUICKLY PUT D[N ! FASCI/ C\P LOCALLY4 ,!RE W]E SOME SKIRMI%ES ) A H&FUL ( PRO-,FRANCO REBELS1 SOME BOMBS W]E ?R[N1 ! WORK]S BEGAN TO TAKE OV] 9DU/RY & RUN ! CITY1 & BRIGADES TO DEF5D ! CITY W]E =M$4 ,9 ,VIVIR LA UTOPIA1 ,F$]ICO RECALL$3 0,IT WAS AS IF ! :OLE ( ,B>CELONA WAS PULS+ TO A S+LE HE>TBEAT1 ! SORT ( ?+ ?AT ONLY HAPP5S MAYBE ONCE 9 A C5TURY 444 ,&1 IF ,I MAY SAY SO1 IT HAS LEFT ITS M>K ON MY LIFE & ,I CAN /ILL FEEL ?AT EMOTION40 ,F$]ICO JO9$ ! ,JUV5TUDES ,LIB]T>IAS ( ,CATALONIA & VOLUNTE]$ TO FI<T 7AT FIR/ HE WAS NOT TAK5 BECAUSE ( HIS AGE74 ,HE RECALL$ ?AT :5 HE SAW AN>*I/S BURN+ MONEY1 HE DECID$ TO SAVE A FEW PESETAS TO %[ HIS *ILDR5 SO ?AT HE C\LD TELL !M1 0,?9K ( IT1 PEOPLE US$ TO KILL ONE ANO!R = MONEY60 ,HE HAD JU/ TURN$ SIXTE5 YE>S OLD4 ,HE & O!R Y\?S =M$ A GR\P1 ,LOS ,QUIJOTES DEL ,IDEAL 7! ,QUIXOTES ( ! ,IDEAL71 NAM$ AFT] LIT]ATURE'S GREATE/ IDEALI/1 & BEGAN PUBLI%+ ,EL ,QUIJOTE1 :I* WAS C5SOR$ BY ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T = ITS /UBBORN AN>*I/ POSITIONS4 ,HE & O!R Y\NG PEOPLE W]E CRITICAL ( ! ,C,N,T = JO9+ ! GOV]NM5T2 !Y ADMIR$ ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN1 :]E EV]YONE 9CLUD+ ,DURRUTI RECEIV$ ! SAME PAY & (FIC]S W]E ELECT$4 

,9 ,APRIL #ai* ,F$]ICO WAS S5T TO ! FRONT NE> ,&ORRA1 ALONG ) HIS BRO!R-9-LAW & M5TOR ,JUAN ,G9E4 ,DURRUTI WAS DEAD1 & ?+S W]E MOV+ 9 ! O!R DIRECTION1 BUT ,F$]ICO DID NOT TURN HIS BACK ON ! /RUGGLE4 ,HE RECALL$ ?AT :5 HE GOT TO ! FRONT1 HE RAN 9TO AN OLD FRI5D :O HAD NO %OES1 & HE GAVE HIM HIS SECOND PAIR ( ALP>GATAS1 ! *EAP CLO? SLIPP]S WORN BY ! POOR4 ,HE WAS APPO9T$ A MILICIANO CULTURAL1 & HE F\ND A BLACKBO>D & AN ILLU/RAT$ TWO-VOLUME SET ( ,DON ,QUIXOTE1 & US$ BO? TO TEA* ! TROOPS TO READ & WRITE4 ,HE WAS ISSU$ A RIFLE & BAYONET1 DID NI<T WAT*1 & SLEPT 9 HIS UNI=M4 0,MICE *EW$ AWAY AT MY PANTS10 HE TOLD ,AVRI*1 ADD+ ?AT ! ,REPUBLICAN >MY'S 0EQUIPM5T & CLO?+ LEFT MU* TO BE DESIR$40 

,I ?9K ( ?AT GIFT ( A PAIR ( ALP>GATAS1 ! SALVAG$ BLACKBO>D & BEAUTIFUL $ITION ( ! ,QUIXOTE1 & ( ! MICE *EW+ AT HIS CLO?+ LIKE ! MICE 9 ! CELL ( ,DIOG5ES1 AS ILLU/RATIVE ( ! /RUGGLE ( CULTURE & LIFE AGA9/ T]RIBLE 9HUMANITY4 ,F$]ICO C>RI$ ?AT WORLD--! GREAT SUFF]+ 7EL DOLOR71 BUT ALSO ! FRAT]NITY & BEAUTY--9 HIM4 ,HE IMP>T$ ?AT WORLD TO US BY HIS WITNESS & HIS W>M?4 

,9 ,NOVEMB] #ai* ,F$]ICO WAS DEPLOY$ TO ,TORTOSA1 A ONCE BEAUTIFUL T[N ?AT LAY 9 RU9S ON ! L[] ,EBRO ,RIV]1 S\?WE/ ( ,T>RAGONA & ,B>CELONA4 ,! FASCI/S W]E W9N+ ! BATTLE4 ,FOOD WAS SC>CE1 ?\< !RE W]E ORANGES FROM ! GROVES >\ND ! T[N4 ,SOON1 ,REPUBLICAN =CES W]E OV]:ELM$ BY ,FRANCO'S TROOPS1 & RETREAT$ 9 DIS>RAY TO ,T>RAGONA4 ,!N ,T>RAGONA FELL4 ,IT WAS A R\T1 ) PLANES /RAF+ ! FLEE+ COLUMNS2 ! DEAD--M51 HORSES1 & MULES--LAY SCATT]$ ALONG ! ROAD4 0,MY COMRADES W]E DY+ ALL >\ND ME10 HE RECALL$4 ,HE HIMSELF WAS W\ND$ SLI<TLY BY A PIECE ( %RAPNEL4 7,SOME ( ! /ORY ( ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,REPUBLICAN FRONT1 ! FALL ( ,T>RAGONA & ,B>CELONA1 & ! FLI<T TO ,FRANCE IS TOLD 9 ,AVRI*'S ,AN>*I/ ,VOICES1 & MORE DETAIL IS GIV5 9 ! ,SPANI% $ITION1 TRANSLAT$ BY ,ANTONIA ,RUIZ ,CABEZAS1 ,F$]ICO'S GOOD FRI5D & \RS47 

,9 ,FEBRU>Y #aici ,F$]ICO & SOME ( HIS CLOSE COMPAN]OS MADE !IR WAY \T ( ,SPA9 & 9TO ,FRANCE 9 A H>R[+ PASSAGE ?R\< ! M\NTA9S4 ,!Y W]E S5T TO A S]IES ( REFUGEE CAMPS1 :]E PEOPLE MADE ! BE/ ( !IR SITUATION1 ORGANIZ+ CULTURAL EV5TS & CREAT+ A S*OOL :]E !Y TAU<T EA* O!R ,FR5*1 MA? 7BO? ( :I* S]V$ HIM LAT]71 & O!R SUBJECTS4 ,HIS CLOSE/ ,QUIJOTE BUDDIES--,G]M9AL ,GRACIA1 ,LIB]TO ,S>RAU1 ,DIEGO ,CAMA*O1 ,RAUL ,C>BALLEIRA--MADE !IR WAY !RE1 TOO4 ,9 ! ,SPANI% $ITION HE SAYS ( ?AT TIME 9 ! CAMP1 0,WE =M$ A TRUE COMMUNITY1 UNIT$ BY ! ,IDEAL & LOVE4 ,?OSE MOM5TS MAKE UP P>T ( SOME?+ V]Y 9T5SE ?AT 5DURES ACROSS ! YE>S40 

,F$]ICO LEFT ! CAMP 9 ,NOVEMB] #aici TO WORK = A TIME 9 AN AVIATION FACTORY 9 ,T\L\SE1 UNTIL ! DEFEAT ( ,FRANCE 9 ,JUNE #a#i#d1 :5 HE RETURN$ TO ! CAMP AT ,>GELES4 ,9 #aida HE ESCAP$ FROM ! CAMP2 ! ,VI*Y GOV]NM5T WAS DEPORT+ ! ,SPANI% REFUGEES TO SLAVE LABOR CAMPS 9 ,G]MANY1 :]E ?\S&S W\LD DIE1 & BY #aidb ,G]MAN TROOPS W]E DIRECTLY 9 *>GE ( ! >EA1 SEIZ+ & DEPORT+ PEOPLE TO ! CAMPS4 ,HE HID 9 ,T\L\SE1 WORK+ 9 A FACTORY = A SYMPA!TIC EMPLOY]4 ,BY #a#i#d#c1 ?+S HAD BECOME SO DANG]\S ?AT HE & O!RS DECID$ TO RETURN TO ,SPA91 :I* WAS CALL+ ON EXILES TO RETURN & REPORT = MILIT>Y S]VICE4 ,UPON HIS RETURN1 HE WAS JAIL$ & !N PRESS$ 9TO MILIT>Y S]VICE1 & S5T TO ,MOROCCO1 TO ,CEUTA & ! SAME B>RACKS HIS FA!R & BRO!R HAD BE5 S5T E>LI]4 ,HE REMA9$ !RE = TWO YE>S4 

,F$]ICO WAS LUCKY 9 ,MOROCCO4 ,HE LE>N$ SOME ,>ABIC & HE READ A LOT4 ,ONCE1 AFT] HE TOLD ! COMM&] HE W\LDN'T GO TO *UR* OR TAKE COMMUNION1 ! MAN DID HIM A GOOD TURN1 ASSIGN+ HIM TO GU>D DUTY ON ,SUNDAY MORN+S & LAT] (F]+ HIM A PO/ AT A *ECKPO9T 9 ! M\NTA9S1 AWAY FROM ! B>RACKS1 & :]E IT WAS QUIET & ! AIR WAS CLE>4 ,HE ?\<T ,F$]ICO ! BE/ MAN = ! JOB BECAUSE !Y NE$$ SOMEONE AT ! *ECKPO9T :O W\LD NOT BE AFRAID TO DEM& ?AT MILIT>Y (FIC]S FOLL[ ! *ECKPO9T PROTOCOLS LIKE EV]YONE ELSE4 ,F$]ICO'S DEFIANCE ?US WORK$ = HIM4 ,HE ALSO LIK$ TO TELL A /ORY AB\T H[ ! PORTRAIT ( ,FRANCO ?AT HUNG 9 ! B>RACKS KEPT MY/]I\SLY DISAPPE>+1 TO ! CON/]NATION ( ! COMM&]4 ,!Y C\LD NEV] CAT* ANYONE1 & EV5TUALLY !Y /OPP$ HANG+ IT 9 !RE4 

,9 #a#i#d#e1 HE WAS RELEAS$ FROM ! >MY & RETURN$ TO ,B>CELONA1 :]E HE REUNIT$ ) SOME ( HIS OLD COMRADES1 & />T$ WORK+ ) ! UND]GR\ND1 9CLUD+ WORK+ ON ! CL&E/9E PAP]4 ,HE LEFT = ,FRANCE 9 #aidh AFT] ! DEA? ( ,RAUL ,C>BALLEIRA1 LAT] CROSS+ BACK 9TO ,SPA9 ) O!R MILITANTS & ROBB+ A FACTORY 9 ! ,PYR5EES TO TURN ! FUNDS OV] TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,HE WAS NE>LY CAPTUR$1 & ALMO/ FROZE TO DEA? 9 ! M\NTA9S1 BE=E RETURN+ TO ,T\L\SE4 

,HIS CLOSE FRI5DS ,LIB]TO ,S>RAU1 ,DIEGO ,CAMA*O1 & ,G]M9AL ,GRACIA W]E EV5TUALLY ALL >RE/$4 ,DIEGO1 :O HAD BE5 PRESS$ 9TO =C$ LABOR BY ! ,NAZIS 9 ,FRANCE1 EV5TUALLY WORK$ ) ! ,FR5* RESI/ANCE & !N ! ,SPANI% UND]GR\ND4 ,HE WAS >RE/$ & IMPRISON$ TWICE1 FROM #a#i#d#b-#a#i#d#g & !N ALMO/ IMM$IATELY AFT] BE+ FRE$1 FROM #a#i#d#g-#a#i#e#b4 ,HE TOOK %ELT] 9 ,FRANCE UNTIL #a#i#g#g1 AFT] ! DEA? ( ,FRANCO4 ,AS ,ABEL ,PAZ1 HE AU?OR$ MANY BOOKS ON AN>*ISM & O!R SUBJECTS2 HE DI$ 9 ,B>CELONA 9 #b#i4 ,LIB]TO WAS >RE/$ 9 #aidh & S5T5C$ TO TW5TY YE>S1 BUT WAS RELEAS$ AFT] T54 ,HE MOV$ TO ,FRANCE & REMA9$ ACTIVE UNTIL HIS DEA? 9 #b#b4 ,G]M9AL1 :O US$ ! PSEUDONYM ,VICTOR ,G>CIA1 :O HAD ALREADY ESCAP$ FROM A CATTLE TRUCK TRANSPORT+ ,SPANI% PRISON]S TO ,DA*AU 9 #a#i#d#d1 MANAG$ TO GET \T ( JAIL US+ FALSE ID5TITY PAP]S AFT] BE+ >RE/$ 9 #a#i#d#f1 & AFT] A %OOT-\T ) POLICE LAT] FL$ TO ,FRANCE4 ,9 #aidh HE W5T TO ,V5EZUELA1 :]E HE $IT$ ! AN>*I/ PUBLICATION ,RUTA1 & ALSO FROM :]E HE TRAVEL$ ALL OV] ! WORLD1 E>N+ ! TITLE 0,EL ,M>CO ,POLO DEL ,AN>QUISMO40 ,HE DI$ 9 ,FRANCE 9 #a#i#i#a4 

,F$]ICO /AY$ 9 CLOSE CONTACT ) !M ALL--!IR FRI5D%IP WAS DEEP & UNWAV]+4 ,!SE M51 & SO MANY O!R M5 & WOM5 ( ! AN>*I/ COMMUNITY1 W]E REM>KABLE1 ADMIRABLE HUMAN BE+S4 ,WE CONSID] \RSELVES TO BE EXTRAORD9>ILY =TUNATE TO KN[ ( !M & TO HAVE GOTT5 TO KN[ SOME ( !M4 

--- 

,9 #aieb ,F$]ICO IMMIGRAT$ TO ,CANADA & BEGAN WORK+ AT A ,=D AUTO PLANT 9 ,W9DSOR AS A SKILL$ ME*ANIC4 ,9 #aieh HE BECAME A ,CANADIAN CITIZ5 & WAS ALSO REUNIT$ ) HIS COMPANION1 ,PURA ,P]EZ1 :O HAD BE5 9 ! GR\P ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES 7,FREE ,WOM571 & :O CAME ) !IR DAU<T] ,MONTSE TO ,W9DSOR4 ,F$]ICO WORK$ MU* ( HIS LIFE AT ,=D1 & WAS A MILITANT RANK-&-FILE UNION MEMB]1 P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! HI/ORIC #a#a-DAY ,CANADIAN ,AUTO ,WORK]S /RIKE 9 ,W9DSOR 9 #a#i#e#e4 ,HE BR\<T HIS EXP]I5CE & HIS BROAD UND]/&+ TO ! FACTORY FLOOR1 UNION HALL1 & COMMUNITY4 ,HE WAS HI<LY RESPECT$ NOT ONLY = ! IDEALS HE ESP\S$ BUT = HIS COSMOPOLITAN HUMANITY1 HIS DAY-TO-DAY PR9CIPLES1 HIS COMMITM5T TO & H>D WORK = HIS FELL[ WORK]S4 ,HE WAS ALSO KN[N TO PO9T \T1 ) A C]TA9 F]OCITY1 ?AT ! UNION WAS A HUMAN 9/ITUTION BUILT TO PROVIDE MUTUAL AID TO ! WORK]S & TO ADVANCE ! CAUSE ( AN 9T]NATIONAL ?AT W\LD BE ! HUMAN RACE1 NOT A BUS9ESS GUILD CREAT$ TO C>VE \T A BIGG] PIECE ( A PIE BAS$ ON ! ASSUM$ CYNICISM & CORRUPTION ( ALL4 ,SIMIL>LY1 HE WAS QUICK TO REM9D ! UN9=M$ OR ! M5DACI\S1 :I* HE DID ON MULTIPLE OCCASIONS AT MEET+S & CONF]5CES ON ! HI/ORY ( ! ,SPANI% W>1 ?AT ,SPA9 FIR/ HAD A ,REVOLUTION1 & !N A ,CIVIL ,W>1 & ?AT MANY ( ! PURPORT$ GOOD GUYS 9 ! ,HEM+WAY LEG5D & RELAT$ ,CIVIL ,W> TALES W]E NOT AS GOOD AS !Y W]E MADE \T TO BE4 

,AFT] HE RETIR$ FROM ,=D 9 #a#i#h#f1 ,F$]ICO BECAME A COMMITT$ VOLUNTE] ) ! ,OCCUPATIONAL ,HEAL? ,CL9IC = ,ONT>IO ,WORK]S & ! ,W9DSOR ,OCCUPATIONAL ,HEAL? ,9=MATION ,S]VICE = MORE ?AN TW5TY YE>S1 COLLECT+ 9=MATION & $UCAT+ WORK]S ON ! DANG]S ( 9DU/RIAL *EMICALS TO WORK]S & ! L>G] COMMUNITY4 ,) !SE ORGANIZATIONS1 HE ALSO US$ HIS ,SPANI% AS A VOLUNTE] TO HELP ,MEXICAN MIGRANT WORK]S ON ,ONT>IO F>MS4 ,AS ) HIS ,C,A,W WORK1 HE PROV$ ?AT HE C\LD OV]COME IDEOLOGICAL DIFF]5CES = SOME GREAT] GOOD1 WORK+ PRAGMATICALLY = ! SAKE ( PEOPLE 9 NE$ ) PEOPLE :O DID NOT NECESS>ILY %>E HIS AN>*I/ IDEAS1 EV51 ,GOD =BID1 ) A MAN :O1 HE TOLD ME1 WAS A ,CA?OLIC PRIE/1 BUT NEV]!LESS A GOOD MAN & A REAL HUMAN BE+4 ,SOME ( \R AN>*I/ FRI5DS 9 ,SPA9 HAVE JOK$ ) US AB\T ! OLD] G5]ATION1 ?AT 0,SE LES P>>ON LOS RELOJES AL CRUZ> EL ,RIO ,EBRO0 7,!IR WAT*ES /OPP$ :5 !Y CROSS$ ! ,EBRO ,RIV]71 BUT 9 ,F$]ICO'S CASE ?IS WAS NOT TRUE2 ! OLD TRU?S LIV$ ON 9 HIM1 BUT HE WAS ABLE TO ALL[ !M TO EVOLVE ) HIS EXP]I5CE AS LIFE W5T ON4 ,= ?IS REASON1 TOO1 HE WAS A VOICE ( REASON--UNSUCCESSFULLY1 IT TURN$ \T--:5 ! ,SPANI% ,C,N,T IMPLOD$ DUE TO SECT>IAN 9-FI<T+ & POLITICAL GANG/]ISM4 

,DUR+ HIS TIME 9 ,W9DSOR1 ,F$]ICO ALSO F\ND :AT REMA9$ ( A VIBRANT AN>*I/ COMMUNITY ACROSS ! RIV] 9 ,DETROIT--,SPANI>DS1 ,EA/]N ,EUROPEANS1 & ,ITALIANS--PEOPLE WE W\LD EV5TUALLY MEET ?R\< HIM4 ,9 ! #a#i#gS HE MET ,FR$Y & ,LORRA9E ,P]LMAN1 BECAME A SUPPORT] ( & COLLABORATOR ON !IR PUBLI%+ PROJECT1 ,BLACK & ,R$1 & MET US AT ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 BECOM+ AN ACTIVE SUPPORT] & VOLUNTE]4 ,F$]ICO HAD BE5 ONE ( ! Y\NGE/ MEMB]S ( ! ,EUROPEAN IMMIGRANT AN>*I/ COMMUNITY4 ,AFT] HE F\ND US1 HE GRADUALLY BECAME ONE ( \R MO/ *]I%$ ELD]S1 \R ABUELO1 \R YAYO4 

,:5 WE MET HIM HE WAS ALREADY PUTT+ TOGE!R :AT BECAME ONE ( ! =EMO/ AN>*I/ >*IVES 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 9DE$1 9 ! WORLD1 9 HIS MODE/ ,W9DSOR HOME4 ,MANY S*OL>S1 MO/ ( !M SYMPA!TIC TO AN>*ISM1 W\LD GO TO ! ,LABADIE ,LIBR>Y AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MI*IGAN TO DO RESE>*1 & !N CROSS ! RIV] TO VISIT HIM1 & DO !IR RESE>* !RE 9 HIS >*IVE 9 ! BASEM5T4 ,HE IS ?ANK$ 9 NUM]\S BOOKS1 >TICLES1 & BLOGS BY HI/ORIANS & RADICAL ACTIVI/S :O CAME TO WORK !RE OR SIMPLY TO MEET HIM & HIS COMPAN]A1 ,PURA4 ,VISITORS W]E ALWAYS WELCOM$ & F$ 9 ! TYPICALLY GRACI\S ,IB]IAN /YLE1 (T5 ) A DELICI\S PAELLA HE W\LD TELL Y\ WAS ,CATALAN1 & ,PURA W\LD TELL Y\ WAS ,VAL5CIAN4 ,WE1 TOO1 SP5T MANY FASC9AT+ & PLEASANT AFT]NOONS >\ND !IR TABLE4 ,WE APPRECIAT$ HIS ROMANTICISMO1 & ALSO H[ %E TEMP]$ IT ) SOME BIT+ COMM5T>Y ON ! FOIBLES ( ,SPANI% AN>*ISM4 ,HE W\LD BE TELL+ SOME H]OIC /ORY AB\T ,DURRUTI1 & %E W\LD REM9D HIM ?AT :ILE ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I M5 W]E 9 ! D9+ HALL EAT+ & GIV+ SPEE*ES AB\T ! LIB]T>IAN IDEAL1 ! WOM5 W]E COOK+ 9 ! KIT*5 7:]E1 GIV5 ! W9DY RHETORIC1 !Y G5]ALLY PREF]R$ TO BE74 

,PURA HAD BE5 A NURSE 9 ,SPA9 BUT AS IT SOMETIMES HAPP5S ) IMMIGRANTS1 %E ONLY WORK$ AS A NURSE'S AID 9 ,W9DSOR4 ,F$]ICO HAD HAD ALMO/ NO =MAL $UCATION1 ONLY HIS APPR5TICE%IP & ! AN>*I/ AT5EOS & ACADEMIES1 :I* 5D$ :5 HE WAS ?IRTE5 OR F\RTE51 & !N HIS READ+ & VOLUM9\S CORRESPOND5CE4 ,& YET !Y W]E DEEPLY CULTIVAT$ PEOPLE--BO? ( !M PROLIFIC READ]S1 POETS1 & ACTIVI/S :O LOV$ ! >TS & EMBRAC$ 5DUR+ HUMAN IDEALS4 ,PURA LEFT NOTEBOOKS ( BEAUTIFUL H&-WRITT5 NOTES COPI$ FROM >T TEXTBOOKS1 MADE BEAUTIFUL >RANGEM5TS ( DRI$ FL[]S1 & WROTE =MAL POETRY4 ,F$E READ & WROTE POETRY1 & LOV$ MUSIC & >T1 FILM & HI/ORY4 

,HE C\LD ALSO BE FUNNY4 ,HE'D PUT A F+] ON Y\R %IRT BUTTON1 & :5 Y\ LOOK$ D[N HE W\LD BR+ IT UP & CAT* Y\ ON ! NOSE4 ,IF SOMEONE WAS BLA!R+ AT HIM1 HE MI<T FIRE (F ONE ( HIS FAM\S L9ES1 ,LOS VAGONES DE TUS NEC$ADES RESBALAN POR LAS RIELES DE MI 9DIF]5CIA4 7,! TRA9 C>S ( Y\R FOOLI%NESS >E SLID+ ALONG ! RAILS ( MY 9DIFF]5CE47 ,HE W\LD RAISE HIS >MS SIDEWAYS & 9VITE Y\ TO TICKLE HIS SIDES1 & IF Y\ DID HE'D BOX Y\R E>S4 ,HE DID ?IS ) M5 & BOYS4 ,) WOM5 IT WAS A LITTLE DIFF]5T4 ,EV5 :5 HE WAS ON HIS LA/ LEGS 9 ! HOSPITAL HE /ILL HAD A WAY ( COQUETT+ ) ! NURSES )\T (F5D+ !M1 :ILE NE$L+ ME & ANO!R MALE VISITOR4 

,F$]ICO WROTE MANY REPORTS = ! AN>*I/ PRESS 9 ,SPANI% & ,FR5*1 & 9 ,5GLI% = HIS UNION NEWSLETT]4 ,HE AU?OR$ A MONOGRAPH ON ,TOL/OY & O!R ESSAYS ON A V>IETY ( SUBJECTS 79CLUD+ TWO BRIEF1 LA/+ REFLECTIONS ON AN>*ISM & ! HUMAN CONDITION1 0',MAN' & ,HIS ,JUDGE10 & 0,LETT] TO A ,FRI5D074 ,HE C>RI$ ON AN ACTIVE CORRESPOND5CE & WROTE MANY EULOGIES ( COMRADES4 7,I F\ND TWO ( HIS EULOGIES ?AT W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE3 0,JOSE ,PEIRATS3 ,A ,COMRADE1 ,A ,FRI5D10 9 ! ,W9T] #aii ISSUE1 = ONE ( ,F$]ICO'S CLOSE/ M5TORS & FRI5DS1 AU?OR ( ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION & MANY O!R BOOKS2 & 0,G]M9AL ,GRACIA3 ,! ,M>CO ,POLO ( ,AN>*ISM10 9 ! ,W9T] #aiib ISSUE1 :I* CONTA9S NOT ONLY RI* MAT]IAL ON ,GRACIA BUT ALSO VIVID MEMORIES ( ! 9T]NM5T CAMPS 9 ,FRANCE & ! LIB]T>IAN ANTI-,FRANCO UND]GR\ND47 

--- 

,F$]ICO'S LOVE ( POETRY L$ HIM TO PRODUCE ,MOM5TOS1 A SMALL COLLECTION ( HIS POEMS1 9 #a#i#g#f1 ) ELEGIES TO HIS FALL5 COMRADES & M$ITATIONS ON ! HUMAN CONDITION4 ,! POEMS >E MODE/1 & SOMETIMES TOO S5TIM5TAL 7HE GREW UP READ+ LATE ROMANTIC POETRY1 & ! EFFECT CAN BE FELT47 ,YET AT TIMES1 9 SOME SURPRIS+ MOM5TS ( SIMPLICITY & HONE/Y1 ONE FEELS AS WELL ! 9FLU5CE & EMOTIONAL DEP? ( GREAT E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURY POETRY--! ,MA*ADO BRO!RS1 ,LEON ,FELIPE 7:OSE WORK HE ADMIR$71 ! ,G5]ATION ( #a#i#b#g1 & P]HAPS ! ANCI5T ORAL TRADITIONS & ROMANCES1 TOO4 ,9 HIS PRACTICE ( A POETRY BO? SIMPLE & REFLECTIVE1 HE WAS TYPICALLY ,SPANI%1 TYPICALLY ,IB]IAN4 

,9 ,F$]ICO'S POETRY ONE FEELS1 9EVITABLY1 ! GRIEF1 ! FAIL$ DREAMS1 ! SURGE & PULL ( HOPE & DESPAIR1 & ! S5SE ( HUMILITY & AWE AT LIFE'S 9H]5T UNC]TA9TIES3 

,NO SE PU$E CONT> ,Y\ CAN'T C\NT 

EL 9F9ITO 9F9ITY1 

NI CONCEBIR NOR CONCEIVE ( 

LA ET]NIDAD2 ET]NITY2 

P]O HAY REALIDADES BUT !RE >E 9TANGIBLE 

9TANGIBLES REALITIES 

QUE NO PODEMOS WE CANNOT 

IGNOR>4 IGNORE4 

,SIMPLE1 YES1 BUT ALSO ADMIRABLE ?AT 9 HIS POETRY A QUE/ION IS WOR? F> MORE ?AN AN ANSW]4 

,OR :]E HE HAS AN ANSW]1 IT'S EXI/5TIAL & P]SONAL3 

8,QUE ES UN DIA8 ,:AT IS A DAY8 

8,QUE ES UN ANO8 ,:AT IS A YE>8 

8,QUE ES UNA VIDA8 ,:AT IS A LIFE8 

,NADA4 ,NO?+4 

8,QUE ES UN RECU]DO8 ,:AT IS A MEMORY8 

,TODA UN VIDA4 ,A :OLE LIFE4 

,P]HAPS BECAUSE ,I KNEW HIM1 !SE POEMS MEAN MORE TO ME ?AN !Y W\LD TO A /RANG]4 ,!Y MI<T NOT WEI< AS MU* ON AN ACADEMIC'S SCALE4 ,BUT TO ME !Y >E PR(\ND4 ,F$]ICO WAS DEEPLY SPIRITUAL2 HE ACCEPT$ 09TANGIBLE REALITIES0--AN IDEAL ( HUMAN SOLID>ITY1 LOVE = ONE'S BRO!RS & SI/]S1 SELF-SACRIFICE1 DY+ = SOME?+ ?AT SEEM$ IMPOSSIBLE4 ,& A MEMORY1 = A MAN :O LIV$ 9 & ) HIS MEMORIES ( REVOLUTION1 ( SOLID>ITY1 ( C\RAGE\S SELF-SACRIFICE1 & :O ) GREAT DEVOTION COLLECT$ DOCUM5TS ( MEMORY SO ?AT O!RS MI<T KN[ ( !SE HUMAN IDEALS--:AT WAS A MEMORY8 ,TODA UNA VIDA4 

,MANY PEOPLE :O MET ,F$]ICO OR LE>N$ AB\T HIM HAVE WRITT5 AB\T !IR ADMIRATION = HIM4 ,TO GIVE ONE EXAMPLE1 ! POET ,PHIL ,LEV9E WAS ONE ( ,DETROIT'S MO/ BELOV$ SONS 7& AN AN>*I/ SYMPA?IZ]--SEE HIS WOND]FUL BOOK1 ,! ,BREAD ( ,TIME1 :]E HE WRITES AB\T AN>*ISM & ,SPA974 ,A NUMB] ( YE>S AGO1 AFT] ,LEV9E READ HIS WORK 9 ,ANN ,>BOR1 ,I GAVE HIM A COPY ( ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE ) ,F$]ICO'S 0,LETT] TO A ,FRI5D40 ,LEV9E LAT] WROTE TO ME1 CALL+ ! ESSAY 0EXTRAORD9>Y0 7:I* SUGGE/S ?AT IF A POET ( ,LEV9E'S /ATURE SAW POETRY 9 ,F$]ICO'S WRIT+1 IT CAN'T BE ONLY MY S5TIM5T WORK+ :5 ,I SEE IT74 ,HE ADD$1 0,Y\ TRULY S5SE ! DEP? ( ?IS MAN'S GOODNESS @& :Y HE HAS COME TO A VISION 9 :I* ! ?+S ( ! E>? >E %>$ BY ALL4 ,I %[$ IT TO MY WIFE & %E WAS OV]:ELM$ BY IT4 ,UNLIKE ,P$RO ,ROJAS 9 ! POEM ,I READ BY ,CES> ,VALLEJO .<AT ! POETRY READ+ 9 ,ANN ,>BOR.>1 ?IS ,F$]ICO HAS GOTT5 TO ! MEAN+ ( ?+S4 7,VALLEJO DESCRIBES ,P$RO SEIZ$ BY ! KILL]S 'JU/ AS HE WAS GETT+ TO ! MEAN+ ( ?+S4' ,MO/ ( US >E AT BE/ GETT+ CLOSE ALL ( \R LIVES2 ,F$]ICO >RIV$470 

,MANY O!RS :O KNEW HIM1 BO? SLI<TLY & WELL1 HAVE WRITT5 AB\T HIM ) ADMIRATION & AFFECTION4 ,9 A TRIBUTE TO ,F$]ICO1 ,ANATOLE ,DOLG(F1 SON ( ! RESPECT$ ,RUSSIAN-,AM]ICAN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,SAM ,DOLG(F1 WROTE ?AT JU/ AB\T ! LA/ ?+ HIS FA!R DID :5 HE WAS DY+ WAS TO CALL ,F$]ICO & SAY F>EWELL1 & C>RY ON4 ,! Y\NG] ,DOLG(F 7:O BECAME A GOOD FRI5D ( ,F$]ICO'S 9 HIS [N RI<T7 ADDS1 0,RUSSELL ,BLACKWELL1 A DE> FRI5D ( MY FA!R & A NEGLECT$ FIGURE 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! MOVEM5T--A MAN :O HAD F\<T ON ! SIDE ( ! ,C,N,T DUR+ #aicg ,MAY ,UPRIS+ 9 ,B>CELONA1 :O HAD BE5 >RE/$ MANY TIMES & TORTUR$ BY ! COMMUNI/S1 :O HAD COME )9 AN 9* ( BE+ EXECUT$ BY !M1 & B>ELY ESCAP$--TOOK ONE LOOK AT ,F$]ICO1 & SAID1 ',?IS GUY IS ! REAL ?+6'0 ,ANATOLE ADD$1 0,IS !RE A HUMAN BE+ PRIVILEG$ TO KN[ ,F$]ICO :O CAN ?9K O!RWISE80 

--- 

,ONE ( ,F$]ICO'S MO/ VIVID /ORIES WAS FROM AFT] ! FALL ( ! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC 9 #a#i#c#i1 :5 ! REFUGEES W]E CROSS+ ! ,PYR5EES 9TO ,FRANCE1 ILL & EXHAU/$1 SOME W\ND$--ALL DISPIRIT$1 ALL UNSURE ( ! FUTURE4 ,!Y W]E ALSO WEAK ) HUNG]2 ,F$]ICO TOLD US ON A NUMB] ( OCCASIONS ) A K9D ( WOND] H[ !Y GA!R$ ACORNS UND] ! OAKS TO EAT & H[ !Y W]E SU/A9$4 ,HE ADD$ 7A COMM5T ?AT APPE>S 9 ! ,SPANI% $ITION ( ,AN>*I/ ,VOICES71 0,H[ BITT] ?OSE ACORNS W]E60 

,?OSE :O HAVE READ ,DON ,QUIXOTE WILL LIKELY REMEMB] ?AT S9CE CLASSICAL TIMES ! OAK TREE HAS BE5 A SYMBOL ( ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE4 ,BEH9D Y\NG ,F$E ,>COS1 NOT YET N9ETE5 YE>S OLD1 LAY ! RU9S ( ONE ( HI/ORY'S BRIEF ,GOLD5 ,AGES1 & ONE ( ! MO/ SUBLIME DREAMS HUMAN BE+S HAVE DREAM$4 ,?OSE ACORNS W]E 9DE$ BITT]4 ,AHEAD LAY GREAT UNC]TA9TY--& WE KN[ N[1 MORE VIOL5CE1 MORE CALAMITIES & DEFEATS4 ,BUT ! PEOPLE :O HAD F\<T = A NEW WORLD GA!R$ & ATE ! ACORNS & W]E SU/A9$4 ,MAY !IR DREAM SU/A9 US1 TOO4 ,F$]ICO ,>COS LIV$ A LIFE ( PASSION & COMMITM5T ) ?AT NEW WORLD ALWAYS 9 HIS HE>T1 REM9D+ US1 AS ,R\SSEAU ONCE REM>K$1 ?AT ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE IS NEI!R BE=E US NOR BEH9D1 BUT )94 ,LIKE O!RS ( HIS G5]ATION1 HE PROV$ BY EXAMPLE ?AT ONE MAY LOSE GREAT HI/ORIC BATTLES1 & YET TRIUMPH 9 LIFE4 

,F$]ICO ALWAYS SEEM$ TO ?9K ?AT HE HAD FALL5 %ORT ( ! PEOPLE :O HAD MADE ! ULTIMATE SACRIFICE1 BUT HE S]V$ ! CAUSE ( FRE$OM1 & ( HI/ORICAL MEMORY1 HONORABLY & ABLY4 ,HIS P>TICIPATION 9 ! REVOLUTION & HIS DEVOTION TO DOCUM5T+ EL ,IDEAL W]E BO? ADMIRABLE ACCOMPLI%M5TS4 ,AT ! 5D ( HIS LIFE1 HE WAS ABLE TO DONATE & %IP HIS LIFE WORK TO ! ,BIBLIOTECA DE ,CATALUNYA 9 ,B>CELONA 7! ,NATIONAL ,LIBR>Y ( ,CATALONIA74 ,! >*IVE AM\NT$ TO SOME T5 ?\S& BOOKS & DOCUM5TS1 MANY ( !M PREVI\SLY UNAVAILABLE 9 ,SPA94 7,SEE HTTP3_/_/ANTIGUA4MEMORIALIB]T>IA4ORG_/SPIP4PHP8>TICLE#a#c#d#g47 ,A FRI5D 9 ,B>CELONA WROTE TO ME REC5TLY ?AT PEOPLE W]E A/ONI%$ & ?RILL$ AT ! WEAL? ( MAT]IALS IT (F]$1 & NOT JU/ ,SPANI% DOCUM5TS BUT ALSO ! ,AM]ICAN MAT]IALS HE HAD GA!R$4 ,O!R DOCUM5TS & >TIFACTS CAN BE F\ND AT ! ,LABADIE ,COLLECTION AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MI*IGAN4 7,SEE HTTP3_/_/WWW4LIB4UMI*4$U_/BLOGS_/BEYOND-READ+-ROOM_/AN>*I/S-SUITCASE-HONOR-F$]ICO->COS-#a#i#b-#b#a#e47 

,9 ! LA/ WEEKS & DAYS ( HIS LIFE1 ,F$]ICO SUFF]$1 DISORI5T$ & DEPRESS$1 9 ! HOSPITAL & !N A NURS+ HOME1 EI!R ONE AN UNHAPPY PLACE TO 5D4 ,AT ALMO/ #i#e1 LIFE & DEA? CONV]G+ 9 HIM1 HE WAS NATURALLY A TATT] ( :AT HE HAD BE54 ,HE RAG$1 & F\<T ! CURR5T4 

,:5 LIKE ,LE> 9 HIS /ORM ON ! HEA?1 Y\ HAVE NO?+ LEFT & ALMO/ NO?+ REMA9S ( Y\1 Y\ MAY F9D Y\RSELF R$UC$ TO :AT Y\ ONCE TRULY W]E1 & :AT Y\ WI%$ TO BE4 ,& SO WE W]E /RUCK BY :AT SOMEONE AT ! NURS+ HOME REPORT$3 ?AT LATE 9 ! FIR/ OR SECOND NI<T HE WAS !RE !Y F\ND HIM SITT+ AT ! B$SIDE ( ANO!R 9MATE1 :O WAS UNCONSCI\S2 ,F$]ICO WAS HOLD+ HIS H&1 COM=T+ HIM & WAT*+ OV] HIM1 LIKE A COMRADE AT ! FRONT4 

,! SUPREME LAW ( LIFE IS LOVE1 SAID ,TOL/OY4 ,F$]ICO ,>COS HAD ?AT LOVE 9 HIM4 ,& HIS LOVE1 LIKE HIS DREAM1 WILL SU/A9 US1 WILL REMA9 ) US4 

,SO1 ANO!R TOA/4 ,F$]ICO ,>COS1 PRES5TE4 6,SALUD Y LIB]TAD6 

,?IS IS A REVIS$ & EXP&$ TEXT ( ,DAVID ,WATSON'S CONTRIBUTION TO ! REMEMBRANCE = ,F$]ICO ,>COS AT ! ,CASS ,CAFE 9 ,DETROIT ON ,JULY #a#i1 #b#a#e4 

,NOTE3 ,?IS >TICLE1 ALONG ) ADDITIONAL MAT]IAL IS AVAILABLE ON ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE SITE AT HTTPS3_/_/WWW4FIF!/ATE4ORG_/>*IVE_/#c#i#e-W9T]-#b#a#f-#e?-ANNIV]S>Y_/REMEMB]+-F$]ICO->COS_/ 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bba 3 ,REMEMB]+ ,F$]ICO ,>COS -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,REMEMB]+ ,F$]ICO ,>COS -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/