,REVIEW3 ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CONOR ,MC,L\<L9 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,T,R,E,A,T,Y ,( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK CONCLUD$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ,M>* #a#i#a#h1 :I* SAW ,RUSSIA GET \T ( ! BLOODBA? ( ,WORLD ,W> #a1 H&$ MO/ ( ! ,UKRA9E OV] TO ! ,G]MAN & ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN EMPIRES4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ! 9HABITANTS W]E NOT CONSULT$4 ,NEI!R W]E !Y TOO PLEAS$4 ,V>I\S 9SURG5T MOVEM5TS >OSE & GRADUALLY CONSOLIDAT$4 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E L$ BY ,NE/] ,MAKHNO1 AN AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ FROM ! VILLAGE ( ,GULYAI ,POLYE1 QUICKLY WON ! SUPPORT ( ! ,S\? = IT'S D>+ ATTACKS ON ! ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN PUPPET1 ,HETMAN ,SKOROPADSKY & ! ,NATIONALI/ ,PETLIURI/S4 

,?IS BOOK IS AN EXTREMELY VALUABLE EYE-WITNESS ACC\NT FROM ,PET] ,>%9OV - ONE ( ! MA9 P>TICIPANTS & $ITOR ( !IR PAP] ,PUT'K ,SVOBODE 7,! ,ROAD TO ,FRE$OM74 ,>%9OV & ,MAKHNO W]E LAT] TO DRAW UP ! ,PLAT=M ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/S 9 DUR+ !IR ,P>IS EXILE 9 #aibf 7SEE ,WORK]S ,SOLID>ITY #c#d74 

,IT MAY SEEM /RANGE ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E 7ITS PROP] TITLE7 IS CON/ANTLY REF]R$ TO AS ! 0,MAKHNOVI/S04 ,AN>*I/S >E ! LA/ PEOPLE TO 5GAGE 9 BL9D H]O-WOR%IP4 ,AT ITS HEI<T IT HAD #c1 VOLUNTE] COMBATANTS UND] >MS4 ,:ILE ALL W]E 9SPIR$ BY AN>*I/ IDEAS1 ONLY A SMALL M9ORITY HAD WORK$-\T AN>*I/ VIEWS4 ,?R\< ! >MY'S CULTURAL-$UCATIONAL SECTION POLITICAL DISCUSSION & LE>N+ WAS 5C\RAG$ BUT ! MAJORITY ( COMBATANTS & SUPPORT]S CONT9U$ TO CALL !MSELVES 0,MAKHNOVI/S0 & TO ?IS DAY ! NAME HAS /UCK4 

,5,E,M,I,E,S ,O,N ,A,L,L ,S,I,D,E,S 

  

,>%9OV'S BOOK MA9LY CONSI/S ( A BL[-BY-BL[ ACC\NT ( ! MOVEM5T ALONG ) SOME CONSID]ATION ( NATIONALISM & ANTI-SEMITISM1 & %ORT BIOGRAPHIES ( SOME ( ! MA9 ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,IT'S AN EASY NONACADEMIC READ4 ,H[EV] ! BOOK IS AN ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY MILIT>Y ACC\NT ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,>%9OV MAKES NO APOLOGIES = ?IS4 ,( NECESSITY ! ,MAKHNOVI/S SP5T MO/ ( !IR TIME 9 MILIT>Y 5GAGEM5TS4 ,OV] ! ?REE YE>S #a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a !Y HAD TO FI<T ! =CES ( ! ,HETMAN1 ,:ITE ,G5]ALS ,D5IK9 & ,WRANGEL1 NATIONALI/S LIKE ,PETLIURA & ,GRIGOR'EV &1 ( C\RSE1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,MAKHNO & HIS COMM&]S WON AGA9/ ODDS ( #c3#a & MORE ON OCCASION4 ,ONE EXAMPLE WAS ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#e? #aiai AT ! VILLAGE ( ,P]EGONOVKA :5 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S AFT] RETREAT+ #d MILES F\ND !MSELVES SURR\ND$ BY ,D5IK9'S >MY4 ,!Y SUCCE$$ 9 TURN+ ,D5IK9 FLANK ) A T9Y =CE ( CAVALRY & 9 ! 5SU+ PANIC ,D5IK9'S >MY W]E R\T$4 ,?IS ACTION PROBABLY SAV$ ,PETROGRAD FROM ! ,:ITES & WAS ONE ( ! MO/ MASSIVE DEFEATS 9FLICT$ ON !M4 

,( C\RSE ,MAKHNO'S MILIT>Y SKILL1 HIS USE ( CAVALRY & M\NT$ 9FANTRY TO COV] HUGE DI/ANCES1 ISN'T DIRECTLY ( RELEVANCE TO US4 ,:AT IS ( 9T]E/ IS H[ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S C\LD FI<T & W9 AS A REVOLUTION>Y >MY ) DEEP ROOTS AMONG ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTS & WORK]S4 ,! 9SURG5T >MY WAS AN 5TIRELY DEMOCRATIC MILIT>Y =MATION4 ,IT'S RECRUITS W]E VOLUNTE]S DRAWN FROM PEASANTS & WORK]S4 ,IT ELECT$ IT'S (FIC]S & CODES ( DISCIPL9E W]E WORK$ \T DEMOCRATICALLY4 ,(FIC]S C\LD BE1 & W]E1 RECALL$ BY !IR TROOPS IF !Y ACT$ UNDEMOCRATICALLY4 

,:]EV] !Y APPE>$ !Y W]E WELCOM$ BY ! LOCAL POPULATION :O SUPPLI$ FOOD & LODG+ AS WELL AS 9=MATION AB\T AB\T 5EMY =CES4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,:ITES W]E =C$ TO RELY ON MASSIVE CAMPAIGNS ( T]ROR AGA9/ ! PEASANTRY1 ) ?\S&S BE+ KILL$ & IMPRISON$4 

,! SPE$ AT :I* >EAS *ANG$ H&S 9 ! ,UKRA9E MADE IT VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO DO 5GAGE 9 WIDESCALE CON/RUCTIVE ACTIVITY TO FUR!R ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 0,IT SEEM$ AS ?\< A GIANT GRATE COMPOS$ ( BAYONETS %UTTL$ BACK & =? ACROSS ! REGION 1 FROM ,NOR? TO ,S\? & BACK AGA91 WIP+ \T ALL TRACES ( CREATIVE SOCIAL CON/RUCTION04 ,?IS EXCELL5T METAPHOR ( ,>%9OV'S SUMS UP ! DIFFICULTY4 ,H[EV]1 UNLIKE ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S DID NOT USE ! W> AS AN EXCUSE = G5]ALIZ$ REPRESSION & C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y !Y US$ EV]Y OPPORTUNITY TO DRIVE ! REVOLUTION =W>D4 

,! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 

  

,! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T WAS ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY POOR PEASANT 9 ORIG94 ,! V]Y EXI/5CE ( A REVOLUTION>Y PEASANT MOVEM5T MADE A MOCK]Y ( ,TROTSKY'S & ,L59'S CONCEPTION ( ! PEASANTS AS AUTOMATICALLY REACTION>Y4 ,PEASANTS :O MADE UP ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! ,U,S,S,R'S POPULATION W]E SE5 AS A BRUTALIZ$ & UN?9K+ MASS :O C\LD NOT ORGANIZE COLLECTIVELY4 ,:5 NOT FAC$ ) BAYONETS & =C$ REQUISITIONS !Y RELAT$ NATURALLY T[>DS ! WORK]S 9 ! T[NS & CITIES4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S PROVID$ A UNIFY+ =CE 5C\RAG+ & PROTECT+ PEASANT EXPROPRIATIONS ( L&LORDS & L>GE F>M]S 7KULAKS74 ,!Y SPREAD ! IDEA ( VOLUNT>Y COLLECTIVES & TRI$ TO MAKE L9KS ) URBAN WORK]S4 ,!IR MOTTO WAS 0WORK] GIVE US Y\R H&04 

,>\ND ,GULYAI-,POLYE SEV]AL COMMUNES SPRANG UP4 ,!SE 9CLUDE ! ORIG9ALLY NAM$ COMMUNES #a1#b & #c1 AS WELL AS ! 0,ROSA ,LUXEMB\RG0 COMMUNE ) #c MEMB]S4 ,SEV]AL REGIONAL CONGRESSES ( PEASANTS & WORK]S W]E ORGANIZ$4 ,A G5]AL /ATUTE SUPPORT+ ! CREATION ( 'FREE SOVIETS' 7ELECT$ C\NCILS ( WORK]S'1 SOLDI]S' & PEASANTS' DELEGATES7 WAS PASS$ ?\< LITTLE C\LD BE DONE T[>DS IT'S IMPLEM5TATION 9 MU* ( ! ,UKRA9E BECAUSE ( ! CON/ANTLY *ANG+ BATTLEFRONT4 

,! ,MAKHNOVI/S HELD ! CITIES ( ,EKAT]9OSLAV & ,ALEKS&ROVSK = A FEW MON?S AFT] !IR ,SEPTEMB] #aiai DEFEAT ( ,D5IK94 ,9 BO? CITIES FULL POLITICAL RI<TS1 FRE$OM ( ASSOCIATION & PRESS FRE$OM W]E E/ABLI%$4 ,9 ,EKAT]9OSLAV FIVE POLITICAL PAP]S APPE>$1 9CLUD+ A ,BOL%EVIK ONE4 ,SEV]AL CONF]5CES ( WORK]S & PEASANTS W]E HELD 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK4 ,?\< WORK]S LIK$ ! IDEA ( ( RUNN+ !IR [N FACTORIES1 ! NE>NESS ( ! FRONT & ! NEWNESS ( ! IDEA MADE !M CAUTI\S4 ,! RAILWAY WORK]S DID SET UP A COMMITTEE :I* BEGAN 9VE/IGAT+ NEW SY/EMS ( MOVEM5T & PAYM5T BUT1 AGA91 MILIT>Y DIFFICULTIES PREV5T$ FUR!R ADVANCES4 ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS UND] CON/ANT BOMB>DM5T FROM ! ,:ITES JU/ ACROSS ! RIV]4 

,I,V,O,R,Y ,T,[,],S 

  

,>%9OV ATTACKS ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S = ALMO/ TOTALLY IGNOR+ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS SAW !M AS IMPORTANT 5\< TO S5D 9 #a#e1 TROOPS 9 #aiba TO WIPE !M \T4 ,TOO MANY ( ! AN>*I/S 0SLEPT ?R\<0 EV5TS4 ,IT IS ABSOLUTELY VITAL ?AT ?IS BE ACKN[L$G$ & LE>N$ FROM4 

,! ONLY SIGNIFICANT NUMB] ( AN>*I/S TO P>TICIPATE AS A GR\P W]E ?OSE ( ! ,NABAT 7,AL>M7 ,CONF$]ATION4 ,!SE 9CLUD$ ! FAM\S ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ ,VOL9E :O WROTE ! PREFACE = ?IS BOOK4 ,!Y WORK$ MA9LY 9 ! CULTURAL-$UCATIONAL SECTION1 ?\< SOME F\<T 9 ! >MY4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 MORE ?AN FEW AN>*I/S W]E CONT5T TO REMA9 9 IVORY T[]S ( !ORETICAL AB/RACTION4 ,!IR SOLE CONTRIBUTION WAS TO :9E AB\T ! MILIT>Y NATURE ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,AS WE HAVE SE5 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S HAD NO *OICE 9 ?IS REG>D4 

,!Y CON/ANTLY ACKN[L$G$ ?AT !Y W]E WEAK ON !ORY1 MA9LY DUE TO LACK ( $UCATION4 ,IT WAS ESS5TIAL = ALL :O CALL$ !MSELVES AN>*I/S TO GET /UCK 94 ,IT IS A SAD REFLECTION ON ! POLITICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL WEAKNESSES ( ,RUSSIAN AN>*ISM ?AT !Y FAIL$ TO DO SO4 ,?\< !Y W]E 9 A M9ORITY1 WELL ORGANIZ$ 9T]V5TION 9 GR\PS LIKE ,MAKHNO'S MI<T HAVE HAD AN IMPORTANT 9FLU5CE ON ! C\RSE ( EV5TS 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,>%9OV RI<TLY ACCUSES !M ( TOTAL DISORGANIZATION & IRRESPONSIBILITY LEAD+ TO 0IMPOV]I%$ IDEAS & FUTILE PRACTICE04 

,A NEW SET ( *A9S 

  

,ABOVE ALL ?IS BOOK IS A TRAGIC 9DICTM5T ( ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP & MIS-RULE4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS CLUNG TO ! !ORY ?AT ! MASSES C\LDN'T H&LE SOCIALISM4 ,WORK]S & PEASANTS PROV$ !M WRONG BY CONT9UALLY ?R[+ UP !IR [N ORGANS ( DEMOCRATIC ECONOMIC CONTROL4 ,IF ! FACTS DIDN'T FIT ! !ORY !N ! FACTS HAD TO BE DISPOS$ (F4 ,ONCE AGA9 IMPOV]I%$ !ORY L$ TO IMPOV]I%$ PRACTICE4 

,>%9OV DOCUM5TS ! REEM]G5CE ( M9ORITY CLASS RULE4 ,HE DESCRIBES ! ,BOL%EVIK NATIONALIZATION ( PRODUCTION AS ) UNCANNY ACCURACY AS0A NEW K9D ( PRODUCTION RELATIONS 9 :I* ECONOMIC DEP5D5CE ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 A S+LE FI/1 ! ,/ATE4 ,9 ESS5CE ?IS 9 NO WAY IMPROVES ! SITUATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS04 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS DID REALIZE ! POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,ANY AUTONOM\S MOVEM5T POS+ ! IDEA ( DIRECT ECONOMIC CONTROL & MANAGEM5T BY WORK]S & PEASANTS WAS A POLITICAL ?REAT4 ,FROM #aiag ONW>DS ! ,BOL%EVIKS RESPOND$ TO SU* ?REATS 9 ONE WAY1 PHYSICAL ANNIHILATION4 

,?IS BOOK EXPLODES ! LONG LI/ ( FALSEHOODS & MY?S AB\T ! ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,IT S]VES AS FUR!R EVID5CE 7IS ANY MORE NE$$8687 ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN ROLE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,MO/ ( ALL1 IT S]VES AS AN 9SPIRATION TO ALL S]I\S CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*I/S4 ,IT POSES CLE>LY ! NE$ = AN>*I/S TO ORGANIZE & W9 ! BATTLE ( IDEAS 9 ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,?IS IS H[ WE CAN F9ALLY BEG9 TO FI<T TO MAKE AN>*ISM A REALITY4 

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