,REVIEW3 ,! ,GREAT ,LEVEL]1 BY ,WALT] ,S*EIDEL 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COLLECTIVE ,ACTION 

,TEXT 3 

,WALT] ,S*EIDEL'S #bag BOOK ',! ,GREAT ,LEVEL]' IS A COMPELL+ & V]Y WELL RESE>*$ PIECE ( 'GR& HI/ORY'1 LOOK+ AT ! HI/ORY ( 9EQUALITY FROM HUNT]-GA!R] SOCIETIES TO ! PRES5T DAY4 ,ITS C5TRAL >GUM5T IS ?AT S9CE ! DEVELOPM5T ( F>M+ & ! /ATE #a1 ODD YE>S AGO1 9EQUALITY SL[LY RISES 9 TIMES ( PEACE & /ABILITY1 & ONLY EV] FALLS 9 BUR/S ( EXTREME VIOL5CE & DE/RUCTION4 ,! 'F\R HORSEM5' ( R$UCTIONS 9 9EQUALITY OR 'LEVEL+'1 >E /ATE-COLLAPSE1 PLAGUE1 REVOLUTION & MASS-MOBILIZATION W>F>E4 ,ANYONE :O SEES 9EQUALITY AS A SOCIAL EVIL NE$S TO S]I\SLY 5GAGE ) ! PO9TS MADE 9 ?IS BOOK4 

,S*I$EL />TS BY NOT+ ?AT E>LY1 HUNT]-GA!R] SOCIETIES W]E DEEPLY EGALIT>IAN1 & HAD CULTURES ?AT DISC\RAG$ ! ACCUMULATION ( P[] & WEAL?4 ,AS SURPLUSES BEGAN TO GR[1 MO/LY DUE TO AGRICULTURE & NEWLY DOME/ICAT$ ANIMALS1 SO TOO DID ! RELATIVE P[] ( SMALL GR\PS ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?IS PROCESS TOOK ?\S&S ( YE>S1 AS \R EGALIT>IAN IMPULSES W]E /RIPP$ AWAY1 & HUMANS !MSELVES BECAME DOME/ICAT$4 ,!RE IS MU* 9 ?IS /ORY ?AT IS FAMILI> TO AN>*I/S3 /ATES BEGAN AS PR$ATORS1 EFFECTIVELY GR\PS ( B&ITS ?AT CONTROLL$ T]RITORY2 SOCIAL HI]>*Y & P]MAN5T SETTLEM5T W]E =C$ ONTO HUNT]-GA!R]S RA!R ?AN BE+ WILL+LY EMBRAC$4 ,! BASIC /ORY1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT AS /ATES DEVELOP$ & 5TR5*$1 !Y US$ !IR P[] TO 5RI* ELITES AT ! EXP5SE ( EV]YBODY ELSE4 ,TIMES ( /ABILITY & PEACE ALL[$ ?IS PROCESS TO CONT9UE UN9T]RUPT$4 

,! FIR/ HORSEMAN1 /ATE COLLAPSE1 WAS :5 ! /RUCTURES ( E>LY PR$ATOR /ATES FELL AP>T4 ,!SE RESULT$ 9 'LEVEL+' NOT BECAUSE '! PEOPLE' ROSE UP & TOOK :AT WAS !IRS1 RA!R1 9 CIRCUM/ANCES :]E EV]YONE LO/ EV]Y?+1 ! RI* HAD MORE TO LOSE1 :I* R$UC$ 9EQUALITY JU/ BY R$UC+ ! WEAL? ( ! ELITE4 ,PLAGUE ALSO R$UC$ 9EQUALITY1 BY KILL+ 5\< PEOPLE TO CAUSE A LABOR %ORTAGE1 DRIV+ UP ! PRICE ( LABOR RELATIVE TO ! PRICE ( L& 7UNTIL CAPITALISM1 L& WAS ! MA9 =M ( ELITE WEAL?74 ,! BLACK DEA?1 9 P>TICUL>1 L[]$ 9EQUALITY SO DRA/ICALLY ?AT IT DID P]MAN5T DAMAGE TO FEUDAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! LEVEL+ CAUS$ BY BO? /ATE COLLAPSE & PLAGUE WAS SL[LY REV]S$ AS /ATES REBUILT !MSELVES & POPULATIONS REB\ND$1 & BY ! #a#h? C5TURY 9EQUALITY WAS ABOVE :AT IT HAD BE5 BE=E ! BLACK DEA?4 

,! O!R TWO HORSEM5 >E DIFF]5T TO ! PREVI\S ONES 9 ?AT !Y >E BO? BEA/S ( ! LA/ #b YE>S1 PRODUCTS ( ! SOCIAL *ANGES WR\<T BY CAPITALISM4 ,! FIR/1 TRANS=MATIVE REVOLUTION1 IS ! ONE LEFTI/S >E MO/ LIKELY TO BE 9T]E/$ 94 ,?AT IT TAKES VIOL5CE TO BR+ D[N ELITES IS P]HAPS OBVI\S1 H[EV]1 ! REVOLUTIONS DESCRIB$ 9 ?IS BOOK >E NOT ONES WE %\LD 5DORSE4 ,! TWO MA9 EXAMPLES CONSID]$ >E ,*9A & ,RUSSIA1 BO? SC5ES ( IMM5SE BUT*]Y & BRUTALITY ( A K9D ?AT NO ONE EXCEPT ,/AL9I/ SOCIOPA?S W\LD WANT TO SEE REPEAT$4 ,O!R #b? C5TURY REVOLUTIONS1 SU* AS ?OSE 9 ,VIETNAM & ,CUBA1 SAW F> LESS VIOL5CE1 BUT ALSO SAW LESS ( A R$UCTION 9 9EQUALITY4 ,DUE TO ! %ORT-LIV$ NATURE ( ,AN>*I/ CONTROL 9 ,SPA91 !RE ISN'T SUFFICI5T DATA TO ANALYZE 9EQUALITY 9 #a#i#c#f-#c#g4 

,! F9AL HORSEMAN CONSID]$ IS MASS MOBILIZATION W>F>E1 AL?\< REALLY ?IS REF]S TO A S+LE EV5T3 ! GLOBAL BLOODBA? ( #a#i#a#d-#a#i#d#e4 ,! MEANS BY :I* 9EQUALITY WAS R$UC$ WAS LESS ! MASSIVE DE/RUCTION ( CAPITAL ?AT TOOK PLACE 7AL?\< ?IS WAS P>T ( IT71 & MORE ?AT BECAUSE ! W> REQUIR$ ! MOBILIZATION ( ! RES\RCES ( 5TIRE C\NTRIES1 MA9TA9+ SOCIAL SUPPORT = ! W> EF=T REQUIR$ R$UC+ ! WEAL? ( ! RI* ! MO/4 ,PROGRESSIVE TAXATION1 9 P>TICUL>1 MASSIVELY DI/RIBUT$ WEAL? D[NW>D & PROVID$ ! BASIS = ! PO/W> WELF>E /ATE4 ,S*EIDEL >GUES ?AT AFT] #a#i#d#e1 ! TAX RATES ON ! WEAL?IE/ />T$ FALL+1 & AL?\< 9EQUALITY TR5D$ D[NW>D UNTIL ! #a#i#gS 7MU* MORE SL[LY ?AN ! #f YE>S ( ,W,W,I,I71 ?IS WAS L>GELY DUE TO ! LEFTOV] SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES ( ! W>S4 

,! SECOND TWO HORSEM51 PRODUCTS ( ! MOD]N WORLD 9 :I* WE LIVE1 >E ( F> GREAT] 9T]E/ TO PROGRESSIVES4 ,! FASC9AT+ ?+ AB\T ! 9EQUALITY R$UCTIONS CAUS$ BY ! W> WAS ?AT 9 A S5SE1 IT WAS NOT VIOL5CE ITSELF ?AT R$UC$ 9EQUALITY1 BUT ! SOCIAL SOLID>ITY CREAT$ BY ! W>4 ,?IS IS :Y ,AM]ICA1 :I* SAW ALMO/ NO VIOL5CE 9 ITS T]RITORY1 /ILL HAD A L>GE R$UCTION 9 9EQUALITY4 ,?IS W\LD SUGGE/1 9 TURN1 ?AT :ILE W> IS A COMMON REASON = ! MOBILIZATION ( ! RES\RCES ( AN 5TIRE NATION1 IT NE$N'T BE ! ONLY ONE ?AT C\LD R$UCE 9EQUALITY4 ,! DISCUSSION ( REVOLUTION1 9 TURN1 9CLUD$ ONE ( ! MO/ FRU/RAT+ ELEM5TS ( ! BOOK1 :I* WAS :5 '?REATS ( VIOL5CE' W]E SUB/ITUT$ 9 = ACTUAL VIOL5CE AS A CAUSE ( LEVEL+ 9 DISCUSSIONS ( L& RE=M 9 ,S\? & ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA4 

,AS EV]Y LEFTI/ KN[S1 ! ?REAT ( VIOL5CE IS C5TRAL TO MA9TA9+ PROP]TY RELATIONS & ! WEAL? ( ELITES4 ,PEOPLE DO NOT SIMPLY ALL[ ! RI* TO TAKE ALL ( ! L&1 IT IS !IR CONTROL ( ! >MY &1 MORE REC5TLY1 ! POLICE 7POLICE >E PRODUCTS ( ! MOD]N WORLD71 ?AT FACILITATE !IR ACCUMULATION4 ,NATURALLY1 !Y WILL NOT H& ?IS WEAL? OV] WILL+LY4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT IF WE WI% TO A*IEVE A BETT] WORLD )\T EXCESSIVE BLOOD%$1 IT IS GO+ TO HAVE TO BE BECAUSE WE COMM& OV]:ELM+ SUP]IORITY ( =CE1 & SO USE ! ?REAT ( VIOL5CE1 RA!R ?AN ! ?+ ITSELF1 TO BR+ AB\T AN>*ISM4 ,:ILE ! AU?OR CLAIMS TO ONLY BE 9VE/IGAT+ ! FACTS ( HI/ORY1 NOT >GU+ = ANY POLITICAL POSITION1 ! QUE/IONS Y\ ASK >E ALWAYS GO+ TO 9VOLVE VALUE JUDGM5TS4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ,S*EIDEL ASKS AB\T ! ROLE ( VIOL5CE 9 BR++ D[N 9EQUALITY1 BUT NOT ! ROLE ! K9D ( SY/EMIC1 REGUL>IZ$ & 9VISIBILIZ$ VIOL5CE ?AT *>ACT]IZES P]IODS ( 'PEACE & /ABILITY'4 ,9 MAK+ ?IS OMISSION1 ,S*EIDEL LEAVES US ) ! IMPRESSION ?AT :ILE TRY+ TO R$UCE 9EQUALITY MAY BE A NOBLE AIM1 IT IS LIKELY TO DO MORE H>M ?AN GOOD1 BECAUSE SURELY WE W\LD RA!R HAVE AN UNEQUAL SOCIETY ?AN A SOCIETY *>ACT]IZ$ BY MASS VIOL5CE4 ,:AT ?IS OBSCURES IS ?AT UNEQUAL SOCIETIES >E1 BY DEF9ITION1 SOCIETIES *>ACT]IZ$ BY MASS VIOL5CE1 JU/ NOT ! K9D ( CONC5TRAT$ & *AOTIC VIOL5CE HE DOCUM5TS 9 ?IS BOOK4 

,/ILL1 NONE ( ! GREAT LEVEL+ EV5TS ,S*EIDEL EXAM9ES >E ONES ?AT LEFTI/S TODAY %\LD WI% TO REPEAT4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT WE NE$ TO BE IMAG9ATIVE1 C>EFUL & SM>T 9 H[ WE ?9K AB\T BR++ D[N CAPITALISM & BREAK+ ! P[] ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,?IS CANNOT BE DONE )\T A REVOLUTION1 & REVOLUTIONS NECESS>ILY 9VOLVE VIOL5CE4 ,! QUE/ION IS H[ WE MAKE SURE ?AT MO/ ( ! VIOL5CE REMA9S A ?REAT1 & NOT A REALITY4 

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