,REVOLUTION>Y ,CATE*ISM 

#ahff 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 

,TAGS 3 ABOLITION ( ! RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE1 RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE IS ABOLI%$1 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE FRE$OM1 ABSOLUTE RI<T TO SELF-DET]M9ATION1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL RI<TS1 ELECT$ BY UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 MASSES ( ! PEOPLE1 SOCIAL & DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION1 RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE1 POLITICAL & ECONOMIC4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY .-.-&REW1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,I,I4 ,REPLAC+ ! CULT ( ,GOD BY RESPECT & LOVE ( HUMANITY1 WE PROCLAIM HUMAN REASON AS ! ONLY CRIT]ION ( TRU?2 HUMAN CONSCI5CE AS ! BASIS ( JU/ICE2 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE FRE$OM AS ! ONLY S\RCE ( ORD] 9 SOCIETY4  

 ,I,I,I4 ,FRE$OM IS ! ABSOLUTE RI<T ( EV]Y ADULT MAN & WOMAN TO SEEK NO O!R SANCTION = !IR ACTS ?AN !IR [N CONSCI5CE & !IR [N REASON1 BE+ RESPONSIBLE FIR/ TO !MSELVES & !N TO ! SOCIETY :I* !Y HAVE VOLUNT>ILY ACCEPT$4  

 ,I,V4 ,IT IS NOT TRUE ?AT ! FRE$OM ( ONE MAN IS LIMIT$ BY ?AT ( O!R M54 ,MAN IS REALLY FREE TO ! EXT5T ?AT HIS FRE$OM1 FULLY ACKN[L$G$ & MIRROR$ BY ! FREE CONS5T ( HIS FELL[M51 F9DS CONFIRMATION & EXPANSION 9 !IR LIB]TY4 ,MAN IS TRULY FREE ONLY AMONG EQUALLY FREE M52 ! SLAV]Y ( EV5 ONE HUMAN BE+ VIOLATES HUMANITY & NEGATES ! FRE$OM ( ALL4  

 ,V4 ,! FRE$OM ( EA* IS !RE=E REALIZABLE ONLY 9 ! EQUALITY ( ALL4 ,! REALIZATION ( FRE$OM ?R\< EQUALITY1 9 PR9CIPLE & 9 FACT1 IS JU/ICE4  

 ,V,I4 ,IF !RE IS ONE FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( HUMAN MORALITY1 IT IS FRE$OM4 ,TO RESPECT ! FRE$OM ( Y\R FELL[MAN IS DUTY2 TO LOVE1 HELP1 & S]VE HIM IS VIRTUE4  

 ,V,I,I4 ,ABSOLUTE REJECTION ( EV]Y AU?ORITY 9CLUD+ ?AT :I* SACRIFICES FRE$OM = ! CONV5I5CE ( ! /ATE4 ,PRIMITIVE SOCIETY HAD NO CONCEPTION ( FRE$OM2 & AS SOCIETY EVOLV$1 BE=E ! FULL AWAK5+ ( HUMAN RATIONALITY & FRE$OM1 IT PASS$ ?R\< A /AGE CONTROLL$ BY HUMAN & DIV9E AU?ORITY4 ,! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY MU/ N[ BE REORGANIZ$ ON ! BASIS ( FRE$OM4 ,H5CE=?1 ORD] 9 SOCIETY MU/ RESULT FROM ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE REALIZATION ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY1 AS WELL AS ( LIB]TY ON ALL LEVELS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4  

 ,V,I,I,I4 ,! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL LIFE MU/ NOT1 AS AT PRES5T1 BE DIRECT$ FROM ! SUMMIT TO ! BASE -- ! C5T] TO ! CIRCUMF]5CE -- IMPOS+ UNITY ?R\< =C$ C5TRALIZATION4  ,ON ! CONTR>Y1  IT MU/ BE REORGANIZ$ TO ISSUE FROM ! BASE TO ! SUMMIT -- FROM ! CIRCUMF]5CE TO ! C5T] -- ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( FREE ASSOCIATION & F$]ATION4  

 ,I,X4 ,POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DET]M9E A CONCRETE1 UNIV]SAL1 & OBLIGATORY NORM = ! 9T]NAL DEVELOPM5T & POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( EV]Y NATION4 ,! LIFE ( EA* NATION IS SUBORD9AT$ TO A PLE?ORA ( DIFF]5T HI/ORICAL1 GEOGRAPHICAL1 & ECONOMIC CONDITIONS1 MAK+ IT IMPOSSIBLE TO E/ABLI% A MODEL ( ORGANIZATION EQUALLY VALID = ALL4 ,ANY SU* ATTEMPT W\LD BE ABSOLUTELY IMPRACTICAL4 ,IT W\LD SMO!R ! RI*NESS & SPONTANEITY ( LIFE :I* FL\RI%ES ONLY 9 9F9ITE DIV]SITY &1 :AT IS MORE1 CONTRADICT ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( FRE$OM4 ,H[EV]1 )\T C]TA9 ABSOLUTELY ESS5TIAL CONDITIONS ! PRACTICAL REALIZATION ( FRE$OM WILL BE =EV] IMPOSSIBLE4  

 ,!SE CONDITIONS >E3  

 ,A4 ,! ABOLITION ( ALL /ATE RELIGIONS & ALL PRIVILEG$ *UR*ES1 9CLUD+ ?OSE P>TIALLY MA9TA9$ OR SUPPORT$ BY /ATE SUBSIDIES4 ,ABSOLUTE LIB]TY ( EV]Y RELIGION TO BUILD TEMPLES TO !IR GODS1 & TO PAY & SUPPORT !IR PRIE/S4  

 ,B4 ,! *UR*ES CONSID]$ AS RELIGI\S _/ CORPORATIONS MU/ NEV] 5JOY ! SAME POLITICAL RI<TS ACCORD$ TO ! PRODUCTIVE ASSOCIATIONS2 NOR CAN !Y BE 5TRU/$ ) ! $UCATION ( *ILDR52 = !Y EXI/ M]ELY TO NEGATE MORALITY & LIB]TY & TO PR(IT FROM ! LUCRATIVE PRACTICE ( WIT*CRAFT4  

 ,C4 ,ABOLITION ( MON>*Y2 E/ABLI%M5T ( A COMMONWEAL?4  

 ,D4 ,ABOLITION ( CLASSES1 RANKS1 & PRIVILEGES2 ABSOLUTE EQUALITY ( POLITICAL RI<TS = ALL M5 & WOM52 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 .<,NOT 9 ! /ATE1 BUT 9 ! UNITS ( ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,NOTE BY ,MAX ,NETTLAU.>  

 ,E4 ,ABOLITION1 DISSOLUTION1 & MORAL1 POLITICAL1 & ECONOMIC DISMANTL+ ( ! ALL-P]VASIVE1 REGIM5T$1 C5TRALIZ$ ,/ATE1 ! ALT] EGO ( ! ,*UR*1 & AS SU*1 ! P]MAN5T CAUSE ( ! IMPOV]I%M5T1 BRUTALIZATION1 & 5SLAVEM5T ( ! MULTITUDE4 ,?IS NATURALLY 5TAILS ! FOLL[+3 ,ABOLITION ( ALL /ATE UNIV]SITIES3 PUBLIC $UCATION MU/ BE ADM9I/]$ ONLY BY ! COMMUNES & FREE ASSOCIATIONS4 ,ABOLITION ( ! /ATE JUDICI>Y3 ALL JUDGES MU/ BE ELECT$ BY ! PEOPLE4 ,ABOLITION ( ALL CRIM9AL1 CIVIL1 & LEGAL CODES N[ ADM9I/]$ 9 ,EUROPE3 BECAUSE ! CODE ( LIB]TY CAN BE CREAT$ ONLY BY LIB]TY ITSELF4 ,ABOLITION ( BANKS & ALL O!R 9/ITUTIONS ( /ATE CR$IT4 ,ABOLITION ( ALL C5TRALIZ$ ADM9I/RATION1 ( ! BUREAUCRACY1 ( ALL P]MAN5T >MIES & /ATE POLICE4  

 ,F4 ,IMM$IATE DIRECT ELECTION ( ALL JUDICIAL & CIVIL FUNCTION>IES AS WELL AS REPRES5TATIVES 7NATIONAL1 PROV9CIAL1 & COMMUNAL DELEGATES7 BY ! UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE ( BO? SEXES4  

 ,G4 ,! 9T]NAL REORGANIZATION ( EA* C\NTRY ON ! BASIS ( ! ABSOLUTE FRE$OM ( 9DIVIDUALS1 ( ! PRODUCTIVE ASSOCIATIONS1 & ( ! COMMUNES4 ,NECESSITY ( RECOGNIZ+ ! RI<T ( SECESSION3 EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 EV]Y ASSOCIATION1 EV]Y COMMUNE1 EV]Y REGION1 EV]Y NATION HAS ! ABSOLUTE RI<T TO SELF-DET]M9ATION1 TO ASSOCIATE OR NOT TO ASSOCIATE1 TO ALLY !MSELVES ) :OMEV] !Y WI% & REPUDIATE !IR ALLIANCES )\T REG>D TO SO-CALL$ HI/ORIC RI<TS .<RI<TS CONSECRAT$ BY LEGAL PREC$5T.> OR ! CONV5I5CE ( !IR NEI<BORS4 ,ONCE ! RI<T TO SEC$E IS E/ABLI%$1 SECESSION WILL NO LONG] BE NECESS>Y4 ,) ! DISSOLUTION ( A 0UNITY0 IMPOS$ BY VIOL5CE1 ! UNITS ( SOCIETY WILL BE DRAWN TO UNITE BY !IR P[]FUL MUTUAL ATTRACTION & BY 9H]5T NECESSITIES4 ,CONSECRAT$ BY LIB]TY1 !SE NEW F$]ATIONS ( COMMUNES1 PROV9CES1 REGIONS1 & NATIONS WILL !N BE TRULY /RONG1 PRODUCTIVE1 & 9DISSOLUBLE4  

 ,H4 ,9DIVIDUAL RI<TS4 ,! RI<T ( EV]Y MAN & WOMAN1 FROM BIR? TO ADUL?OOD1 TO COMPLETE UPKEEP1 CLO!S1 FOOD1 %ELT]1 C>E1 GUIDANCE1 $UCATION 7PUBLIC S*OOLS1 PRIM>Y1 SECOND>Y1 HI<] $UCATION1 >TI/IC1 9DU/RIAL1 & SCI5TIFIC71 ALL AT ! EXP5SE ( SOCIETY4  

 #b4 ,! EQUAL RI<T ( ADOLESC5TS1 :ILE FREELY *OOS+ !IR C>E]S1 TO BE HELP$ & TO ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE EXT5T SUPPORT$ BY SOCIETY4 ,AFT] ?IS1 SOCIETY WILL EX]CISE NO AU?ORITY OR SUP]VISION OV] !M EXCEPT TO RESPECT1 & IF NECESS>Y DEF5D1 !IR FRE$OM & !IR RI<TS4  

 #c4 ,! FRE$OM ( ADULTS ( BO? SEXES MU/ BE ABSOLUTE & COMPLETE1 FRE$OM TO COME & GO1 TO VOICE ALL OP9IONS1 TO BE LAZY OR ACTIVE1 MORAL OR IMMORAL1 9 %ORT1 TO DISPOSE ( ONE'S P]SON OR POSSESSIONS AS ONE PLEASES1 BE+ ACC\NTABLE TO NO ONE4 ,FRE$OM TO LIVE1 BE IT HONE/LY1 BY ONE'S [N LABOR1 EV5 AT ! EXP5SE ( 9DIVIDUALS :O VOLUNT>ILY  TOL]ATE ONE'S EXPLOITATION4  

 #d4 ,UNLIMIT$ FRE$OM ( PROPAG&A1 SPEE*1 PRESS1 PUBLIC OR PRIVATE ASSEMBLY1 ) NO O!R RE/RA9T ?AN ! NATURAL SALUT>Y P[] ( PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,ABSOLUTE FRE$OM TO ORGANIZE ASSOCIATIONS EV5 = ALLEG$LY IMMORAL PURPOSES 9CLUD+ EV5 ?OSE ASSOCIATIONS :I* ADVOCATE ! UND]M9+ 7 OR DE/RUCTION 7 ( 9DIVIDUAL & PUBLIC FRE$OM4  

 #e4 ,FRE$OM CAN & MU/ BE DEF5D$ ONLY BY FRE$OM3 TO ADVOCATE ! RE/RICTION ( FRE$OM ON ! PRETEXT ?AT IT IS BE+ DEF5D$ IS A DANG]\S DELUSION4 ,AS MORALITY HAS NO O!R S\RCE1 NO O!R OBJECT1 NO O!R /IMULANT ?AN FRE$OM1 ALL RE/RICTIONS ( LIB]TY 9 ORD] TO PROTECT MORALITY HAVE ALWAYS BE5 TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! LATT]4 ,PSY*OLOGY1 /ATI/ICS1 & ALL HI/ORY PROVE ?AT 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL IMMORALITY >E ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CES ( A FALSE PRIVATE & PUBLIC $UCATION1 ( ! DEG5]ATION ( PUBLIC MORALITY & ! CORRUPTION ( PUBLIC OP9ION1 & ABOVE ALL1 ( ! VICI\S ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY4 ,AN EM95T ,BELGIAN /ATI/ICIAN .<,QUETELET.> PO9TS \T ?AT SOCIETY OP5S ! WAY = ! CRIMES LAT] COMMITT$ BY MALEFACTORS4 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT ALL ATTEMPTS TO COMBAT SOCIAL IMMORALITY BY RIGOR\S LEGISLATION :I* VIOLATES 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM MU/ FAIL4 ,EXP]I5CE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 DEMON/RATES ?AT A REPRESSIVE & AU?ORIT>IAN SY/EM1 F> FROM PREV5T+1 ONLY 9CREASES CRIME2 ?AT PUBLIC & PRIVATE MORALITY FALLS OR RISES TO ! EXT5T ?AT 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY IS RE/RICT$ OR 5L>G$4 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT 9 ORD] TO REG5]ATE SOCIETY1 WE MU/ FIR/ COMPLETELY UPROOT ?IS POLITICAL & SOCIAL SY/EM F\ND$ ON 9EQUALITY1 PRIVILEGE1 & CONTEMPT = HUMANITY4 ,AFT] HAV+ RECON/RUCT$ SOCIETY ON ! BASIS ( ! MO/ COMPLETE LIB]TY1 EQUALITY1 & JU/ICE--NOT TO M5TION WORK = ALL & AN 5LI<T5$ $UCATION 9SPIR$ BY RESPECT = MAN--PUBLIC OP9ION WILL !N REFLECT ! NEW HUMANITY & BECOME A NATURAL GU>DIAN ( ! MO/ ABSOLUTE LIB]TY .<& PUBLIC ORD]4 ,$4.>4  

 #f4 ,SOCIETY CANNOT1 H[EV]1 LEAVE ITSELF COMPLETELY DEF5SELESS AGA9/ VICI\S & P>ASITIC 9DIVIDUALS4 ,WORK MU/ BE ! BASIS ( ALL POLITICAL RI<TS4 ,! UNITS ( SOCIETY1 EA* )9 ITS [N JURISDICTION1 CAN DEPRIVE ALL SU* ANTISOCIAL ADULTS ( POLITICAL RI<TS 7EXCEPT ! OLD1 ! SICK1 & ?OSE DEP5D5T ON PRIVATE OR PUBLIC SUBSIDY7 & WILL BE OBLIG$ TO RE/ORE !IR POLITICAL RI<TS AS SOON AS !Y BEG9 TO LIVE BY !IR [N LABOR4  

 #g4 ,! LIB]TY ( EV]Y HUMAN BE+ IS 9ALI5ABLE & SOCIETY WILL NEV] REQUIRE ANY 9DIVIDUAL TO SURR5D] HIS LIB]TY OR TO SIGN CONTRACTS ) O!R 9DIVIDUALS EXCEPT ON ! BASIS ( ! MO/ COMPLETE EQUALITY & RECIPROCITY4 ,SOCIETY CANNOT =CIBLY PREV5T ANY MAN OR WOMAN SO DEVOID ( P]SONAL DIGNITY AS TO PLACE HIM OR H]SELF 9 VOLUNT>Y S]VITUDE TO ANO!R 9DIVIDUAL2 BUT IT CAN JU/LY TREAT SU* P]SONS AS P>ASITES1 NOT 5TITL$ TO ! 5JOYM5T ( POLITICAL LIB]TY1 ?\< ONLY = ! DURATION ( !IR S]VITUDE4  

 #h4 ,P]SONS LOS+ !IR POLITICAL RI<TS WILL ALSO LOSE CU/ODY ( !IR *ILDR54 ,P]SONS :O VIOLATE VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5TS1 /EAL1 9FLICT BODILY H>M1 OR ABOVE ALL1 VIOLATE ! FRE$OM ( ANY 9DIVIDUAL1 NATIVE OR =EIGN]1 WILL BE P5ALIZ$ ACCORD+ TO ! LAWS ( SOCIETY4 ,9DIVIDUALS CONDEMN$ BY ! LAWS ( ANY & EV]Y ASSOCIATION 7COMMUNE1 PROV9CE1 REGION1 OR NATION7 RES]VE ! RI<T TO ESCAPE PUNI%M5T BY DECL>+ ?AT !Y WI% TO RESIGN FROM ?AT ASSOCIATION4 ,BUT 9 ?IS CASE1 ! ASSOCIATION WILL HAVE ! EQUAL RI<T TO EXPEL HIM & DECL>E HIM \TSIDE ITS GU>ANTEE & PROTECTION4  

 ,I4 ,RI<TS ( ASSOCIATION .<F$]ALISM.>4 ,! COOP]ATIVE WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS >E A NEW FACT 9 HI/ORY4 ,AT ?IS TIME WE CAN ONLY SPECULATE AB\T1 BUT NOT DET]M9E1 ! IMM5SE DEVELOPM5T ?AT !Y WILL D\BTLESSLY EXHIBIT 9 ! NEW POLITICAL >ID SOCIAL CONDITIONS ( ! FUTURE4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE & EV5 V]Y LIKELY ?AT !Y WILL SOM$AY TRANSC5D ! LIMITS ( T[NS1 PROV9CES1 & EV5 /ATES4 ,!Y MAY 5TIRELY RECON/ITUTE SOCIETY1 DIVID+ IT NOT 9TO NATIONS BUT 9TO DIFF]5T 9DU/RIAL GR\PS1 ORGANIZ$ NOT ACCORD+ TO ! NE$S ( POLITICS BUT TO ?OSE ( PRODUCTION4 ,BUT ?IS IS = ! FUTURE4 ,BE ?AT AS IT MAY1 WE CAN ALREADY PROCLAIM ?IS FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE3 IRRESPECTIVE ( !IR FUNCTIONS OR AIMS1 ALL ASSOCIATIONS1 LIKE ALL 9DIVIDUALS1 MU/ 5JOY ABSOLUTE FRE$OM4 ,NEI!R SOCIETY1 NOR ANY P>T ( SOCIETY--COMMUNE1 PROV9CE1 OR NATION --HAS ! RI<T TO PREV5T FREE 9DIVIDUALS FROM ASSOCIAT+ FREELY = ANY PURPOSE :ATSOEV]3 POLITICAL1 RELIGI\S1 SCI5TIFIC1 >TI/IC1 OR EV5 = ! EXPLOITATION OR CORRUPTION ( ! NAIVE OR ALCOHOLICS1 PROVID$ ?AT !Y >E NOT M9ORS4 ,TO COMBAT *>LATANS & P]NICI\S ASSOCIATIONS IS ! SPECIAL AFFAIR ( PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,BUT SOCIETY IS OBLIG$ TO REFUSE TO GU>ANTEE CIVIC RI<TS ( ANY ASSOCIATION OR COLLECTIVE BODY :OSE AIMS OR RULES VIOLATE ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( HUMAN JU/ICE4 ,9DIVIDUALS %ALL NOT BE P5ALIZ$ OR DEPRIV$ ( !IR FULL POLITICAL & SOCIAL RI<TS SOLELY = BELONG+ TO SU* UNRECOGNIZ$ SOCIETIES4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! RECOGNIZ$ & UNRECOGNIZ$ ASSOCIATIONS WILL BE ! FOLL[+3 ! JURIDICALLY RECOGNIZ$ ASSOCIATIONS WILL HAVE ! RI<T TO ! PROTECTION ( ! COMMUNITY AGA9/ 9DIVIDUALS OR RECOGNIZ$ GR\PS :O REFUSE TO FULFILL !IR VOLUNT>Y OBLIGATIONS4 ,! JURIDICALLY UNRECOGNIZ$ ASSOCIATIONS WILL NOT BE 5TITL$ TO SU* PROTECTION BY ! COMMUNITY & NONE ( !IR AGREEM5TS WILL BE REG>D$ AS B9D+4  

 ,! DIVISION ( A C\NTRY 9TO REGIONS1 PROV9CES1 DI/RICTS1 & COMMUNES1 AS 9 ,FRANCE1 WILL NATURALLY DEP5D ON ! TRADITIONS1 ! SPECIFIC CIRCUM/ANCES1 & ! P>TICUL> NATURE ( EA* C\NTRY4 ,WE CAN ONLY PO9T \T H]E ! TWO FUNDAM5TAL & 9DISP5SABLE PR9CIPLES :I* MU/ BE PUT 9TO EFFECT BY ANY C\NTRY S]I\SLY TRY+ TO ORGANIZE A FREE SOCIETY4 ,FIR/3 ALL ORGANIZATIONS MU/ PROCE$ BY WAY ( F$]ATION FROM ! BASE TO ! SUMMIT1 FROM ! COMMUNE TO ! COORD9AT+ ASSOCIATION ( ! C\NTRY OR NATION4 ,SECOND3 !RE MU/ BE AT LEA/ ONE AUTONOM\S 9T]M$IATE BODY BETWE5 ! COMMUNE & ! C\NTRY1 ! DEP>TM5T1 ! REGION1 OR ! PROV9CE4 ,)\T SU* AN AUTONOM\S 9T]M$IATE BODY1 ! COMMUNE 79 ! /RICT S5SE ( ! T]M7 W\LD BE TOO ISOLAT$ & TOO WEAK TO BE ABLE TO RESI/ ! DESPOTIC C5TRALI/IC PRESSURE ( ! ,/ATE1 :I* WILL 9EVITABLY 7AS HAPP5$ TWICE 9 ,FRANCE7 RE/ORE TO P[] A DESPOTIC MON>*ICAL REGIME4 ,DESPOTISM HAS ITS S\RCE MU* MORE 9 ! C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATION ( ! ,/ATE1 ?AN 9 ! DESPOTIC NATURE ( K+S4  

 ,K4 ,! BASIC UNIT ( ALL POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 9 EA* C\NTRY MU/ BE ! COMPLETELY AUTONOM\S COMMUNE1 CON/ITUT$ BY ! MAJORITY VOTE ( ALL ADULTS ( BO? SEXES4 ,NO ONE %ALL HAVE EI!R ! P[] OR ! RI<T TO 9T]F]E 9 ! 9T]NAL LIFE ( ! COMMUNE4 ,! COMMUNE ELECTS ALL FUNCTION>IES1 LAWMAK]S1 & JUDGES4 ,IT ADM9I/]S ! COMMUNAL PROP]TY & F9ANCES4 ,EV]Y COMMUNE %\LD HAVE ! 9CONTE/ABLE RI<T TO CREATE1 )\T SUP]IOR SANCTION1 ITS [N CON/ITUTION & LEGISLATION4 ,BUT 9 ORD] TO JO9 & BECOME AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! PROV9CIAL F$]ATION1 ! COMMUNE MU/ CON=M ITS [N P>TICUL> *>T] TO ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ! PROV9CIAL CON/ITUTION & BE ACCEPT$ BY ! P>LIAM5T ( ! PROV9CE4 ,! COMMUNE MU/ ALSO ACCEPT ! JUDGM5TS ( ! PROV9CIAL TRIBUNAL & ANY MEASURES ORD]$ BY ! GOV]NM5T ( ! PROV9CE4 7,ALL MEASURES ( ! PROV9CIAL GOV]NM5T MU/ BE RATIFI$ BY ! PROV9CIAL P>LIAM5T47 ,COMMUNES REFUS+ TO ACCEPT ! PROV9CIAL LAWS WILL NOT BE 5TITL$ TO ITS B5EFITS4  

 ,L4 ,! PROV9CE MU/ BE NO?+ BUT A FREE F$]ATION ( AUTONOM\S COMMUNES4 ,! PROV9CIAL P>LIAM5T C\LD BE COMPOS$ EI!R ( A S+LE *AMB] ) REPRES5TATIVES ( EA* ( ! COMMUNES OR ( TWO *AMB]S1 ! O!R REPRES5T+ ! POPULATION ( ! PROV9CE1 9DEP5D5T ( ! COMMUNES4 ,! PROV9CIAL P>LIAM5T1 )\T 9T]F]+ 9 ANY MANN] :ATSOEV] 9 ! 9T]NAL DECISIONS ( ! COMMUNES WILL =MULATE ! PROV9CIAL CON/ITUTION 7BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( ?IS CATE*ISM74 ,?IS CON/ITUTION MU/ BE ACCEPT$ BY ALL COMMUNES WI%+ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! PROV9CIAL P>LIAM5T4 ,! PROV9CIAL P>LIAM5T WILL 5ACT LEGISLATION DEF9+ ! RI<TS & OBLIGATIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 COMMUNES1 & ASSOCIATIONS 9 RELATION TO ! PROV9CIAL F$]ATION1 & ! P5ALTIES = VIOLATIONS ( ITS LAWS4 ,IT WILL RES]VE1 H[EV]1 ! RI<T ( ! COMMUNES TO DIV]GE ON SECOND>Y PO9TS1 ?\< NOT ON FUNDAM5TALS4  

 ,! PROV9CIAL P>LIAM5T1 9 /RICT ACCORDANCE ) ! ,*>T] ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ,COMMUNES1 WILL DEF9E ! RI<TS & OBLIGATIONS EXI/+ BETWE5 ! COMMUNES1 ! P>LIAM5T1 ! JUDICIAL TRIBUNAL1 & ! PROV9CIAL ADM9I/RATION4 ,IT WILL 5ACT ALL LAWS AFFECT+ ! :OLE PROV9CE1 PASS ON RESOLUTIONS OR MEASURES ( ! NATIONAL P>LIAM5T1 )\T1 H[EV]1 VIOLAT+ ! AUTONOMY ( ! COMMUNES & ! PROV9CE4 ,)\T 9T]F]+ 9 ! 9T]NAL ADM9I/RATION ( ! COMMUNES1 IT WILL ALLOT TO EA* COMMUNE ITS %>E ( ! PROV9CIAL OR NATIONAL 9COME1 :I* WILL BE US$ BY ! COMMUNE AS ITS MEMB]S DECIDE4 ,! PROV9CIAL P>LIAM5T WILL RATIFY OR REJECT ALL POLICIES & MEASURES ( ! PROV9CIAL ADM9I/RATION :I* WILL1 ( C\RSE1 BE ELECT$ BY UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,! PROV9CIAL TRIBUNAL 7ALSO ELECT$ BY UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE7 WILL ADJUDICATE1 )\T APPEAL1 ALL DISPUTES BETWE5 COMMUNES & 9DIVIDUALS1 COMMUNES & COMMUNES1 & COMMUNES & ! PROV9CIAL ADM9I/RATION OR P>LIAM5T4 .<,!SE >RANGEM5TS WILL ?US.> LEAD NOT TO DULL1 LIFELESS UNI=MITY1 BUT TO A REAL LIV+ UNITY1 TO ! 5RI*M5T ( COMMUNAL LIFE4 ,A UNITY WILL BE CREAT$ :I* REFLECTS ! NE$S & ASPIRATIONS ( ! COMMUNES2 9 %ORT1 WE WILL HAVE 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE FRE$OM4 ,?IS UNITY CANNOT BE A*IEV$ BY ! COMPULSION OR VIOL5CE ( PROV9CIAL P[]1 = EV5 TRU? & JU/ICE :5 CO]CIVELY IMPOS$ MU/ LEAD TO FALSEHOOD & 9IQUITY4  

 ,! NATION MU/ BE NO?+ BUT A F$]ATION ( AUTONOM\S PROV9CES4 .<,! ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONS BETWE5 ! PROV9CES & ! NATION WILL1 9 G5]AL1 BE ! SAME AS ?OSE BETWE5 ! COMMUNES & ! PROV9CE--,NETTLAU.>  

 ,N4 ,PR9CIPLES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,F$]ATION4 ,! UNION ( NATIONS COMPRIS+ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,F$]ATION WILL BE BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLES \TL9$ ABOVE4 ,IT IS PROBABLE1 & /RONGLY DESIR$ AS WELL1 ?AT :5 ! H\R ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,REVOLUTION /RIKES AGA91 EV]Y NATION WILL UNITE 9 BRO!RLY SOLID>ITY & =GE AN UNBREAKABLE ALLIANCE AGA9/ ! COALITION ( REACTION>Y NATIONS4 ,?IS ALLIANCE WILL BE ! G]M ( ! FUTURE ,UNIV]SAL ,F$]ATION ( ,PEOPLES :I* WILL EV5TUALLY EMBRACE ! 5TIRE WORLD4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLES1 ) A P>LIAM5T1 A TRIBUNAL1 & AN 9T]NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE1 WILL NATURALLY BE BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,APPLI$ TO 9T]NATIONAL POLITY !SE PR9CIPLES >E3  

 #a4 ,EV]Y L&1 EV]Y NATION1 EV]Y PEOPLE1 L>GE OR SMALL1 WEAK OR /RONG1 EV]Y REGION1 PROV9CE1 & COMMUNE HAS ! ABSOLUTE RI<T TO SELF-DET]M9ATION1 TO MAKE ALLIANCES1 UNITE OR SEC$E AS IT PLEASES1 REG>DLESS ( SO CALL$ HI/ORIC RI<TS & ! POLITICAL1 COMM]CIAL1 OR /RATEGIC AMBITIONS ( ,/ATES4 ,! UNITY ( ! ELEM5TS ( SOCIETY1 9 ORD] TO BE G5U9E1 FRUITFUL1 & DURABLE1 MU/ BE ABSOLUTELY FREE3 IT CAN EM]GE ONLY FROM ! 9T]NAL NE$S & MUTUAL ATTRACTIONS ( ! RESPECTIVE UNITS ( SOCIETY4444  

 #b4 ,ABOLITION ( ALLEG$ HI/ORIC RI<T & ! HORRIBLE RI<T ( CONQUE/4  

 #c4 ,ABSOLUTE REJECTION ( ! POLITICS ( AGGR&IZEM5T1 ( ! P[] & ! GLORY ( ! ,/ATE4 ,= ?IS IS A =M ( POLITICS :I* LOCKS EA* C\NTRY 9TO A SELF-MADE =TRESS1 %UTT+ \T ! RE/ ( HUMANITY1 ORGANIZ+ ITSELF 9TO A CLOS$ WORLD1 9DEP5D5T ( ALL HUMAN SOLID>ITY1 F9D+ ITS GLORY & PROSP]ITY 9 ! EVIL IT CAN DO TO O!R C\NTRIES4 ,A C\NTRY B5T ON CONQUE/ IS NECESS>ILY A C\NTRY 9T]NALLY 5SLAV$4  

 ,! GLORY & GR&EUR ( A NATION LIE ONLY 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ITS HUMANITY4 ,ITS /R5G? & 9N] VITALITY >E MEASUR$ BY ! DEGREE ( ITS LIB]TY4  

 ,! WELL-BE+ & ! FRE$OM ( NATIONS AS WELL AS 9DIVIDUALS >E 9EXTRICABLY 9T]WOV54 ,!RE=E1 !RE MU/ BE FREE COMM]CE1 EX*ANGE1 & COMMUNICATION AMONG ALL F$]AT$ C\NTRIES1 & ABOLITION ( FRONTI]S1 PASSPORTS1 & CU/OMS DUTIES .<T>IFFS.>4 ,EV]Y CITIZ5 ( A F$]AT$ C\NTRY MU/ 5JOY ! SAME CIVIC RI<TS & IT MU/ BE EASY = HIM TO ACQUIRE CITIZ5%IP & 5JOY POLITICAL RI<TS 9 ALL O!R C\NTRIES ADH]+ TO ! SAME F$]ATION4 ,IF LIB]TY IS ! />T+ PO9T1 IT WILL NECESS>ILY LEAD TO UNITY4 ,BUT TO GO FROM UNITY TO LIB]TY IS DIFFICULT1 IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE2 EV5 IF IT W]E POSSIBLE1 IT C\LD BE DONE ONLY BY DE/ROY+ A SPURI\S 0UNITY0 IMPOS$ BY =CE4444  

 ,NO F$]AT$ C\NTRY %ALL MA9TA9 A P]MAN5T /&+ >MY OR ANY 9/ITUTION SEP>AT+ ! SOLDI] FROM ! CIVILIAN4 ,NOT ONLY DO P]MAN5T >MIES & PR(ESSIONAL SOLDI]S BRE$ 9T]NAL DISRUPTION1 BRUTALIZATION1 & F9ANCIAL RU91 !Y ALSO M5ACE ! 9DEP5D5CE & WELL-BE+ ( O!R NATIONS4 ,ALL ABLE-BODI$ CITIZ5S %\LD1 IF NECESS>Y1 TAKE UP >MS TO DEF5D !IR HOMES & !IR FRE$OM4 ,EA* C\NTRY'S MILIT>Y DEF5SE & EQUIPM5T %\LD BE ORGANIZ$ LOCALLY BY ! COMMUNE1 OR PROV9CIALLY1 SOME:AT LIKE ! MILITIAS 9 ,SWITZ]L& OR ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA .<CIRCA #a#h#f-#g.>4  

 #h4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,TRIBUNAL %ALL HAVE NO O!R FUNCTION ?AN TO SETTLE1 )\T APPEAL1 ALL DISPUTES BETWE5 NATIONS & !IR RESPECTIVE PROV9CES4 ,DIFF]5CES BETWE5 TWO F$]AT$ C\NTRIES %ALL BE ADJUDICAT$1 )\T APPEAL1 ONLY BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,P>LIAM5T1 :I*1 9 ! NAME ( ! 5TIRE REVOLUTION>Y F$]ATION1 WILL ALSO =MULATE COMMON POLICY & MAKE W>1 IF UNAVOIDABLE1 AGA9/ ! REACTION>Y COALITION4  

 #i4 ,NO F$]AT$ NATION %ALL MAKE W> AGA9/ ANO!R F$]AT$ C\NTRY4 ,IF !RE IS W> & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,TRIBUNAL HAS PRON\NC$ ITS DECISION1 ! AGGRESSOR MU/ SUBMIT4 ,IF ?IS DOESN'T OCCUR1 ! O!R F$]AT$ NATIONS WILL SEV] RELATIONS ) IT &1 9 CASE ( ATTACK BY ! AGGRESSOR1 UNITE TO REPEL 9VASION4  

 #a4 ,ALL MEMB]S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y F$]ATION MU/ ACTIVELY TAKE P>T 9 APPROV$ W>S AGA9/ A NONF$]AT$ /ATE4 ,IF A F$]AT$ NATION DECL>ES UNJU/ W> ON AN \TSIDE ,/ATE AGA9/ ! ADVICE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,TRIBUNAL1 IT WILL BE NOTIFI$ 9 ADVANCE ?AT IT WILL HAVE TO DO SO ALONE4  

 #a#a4 ,IT IS HOP$ ?AT ! F$]AT$ /ATES WILL EV5TUALLY GIVE UP ! EXP5SIVE LUXURY ( SEP>ATE DIPLOMATIC REPRES5TATIVES TO =EIGN /ATES & >RANGE = REPRES5TATIVES TO SPEAK 9 ! NAME ( ALL ! F$]AT$ ,/ATES4  

 #a#b4 ,ONLY NATIONS OR PEOPLES ACCEPT+ ! PR9CIPLES \TL9$ 9 ?IS CATE*ISM WILL BE ADMITT$ TO ! F$]ATION4  

 ,SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION4 ,)\T POLITICAL EQUALITY !RE CAN  BE NO REAL POLITICAL LIB]TY1 BUT POLITICAL EQUALITY WILL BE POSSIBLE ONLY :5 !RE IS SOCIAL & ECONOMIC EQUALITY4  

 ,A4 ,EQUALITY DOES NOT IMPLY ! LEVEL+ ( 9DIVIDUAL DIFF]5CES1 NOR ?AT 9DIVIDUALS %\LD BE MADE PHYSICALLY1 MORALLY1 OR M5TALLY ID5TICAL4 ,DIV]SITY 9 CAPACITIES & P[]S--?OSE DIFF]5CES BETWE5 RACES1 NATIONS1 SEXES1 AGES1 & P]SONS--F> FROM BE+ A SOCIAL EVIL1 CON/ITUTES1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ABUNDANCE ( HUMANITY4 ,ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY MEANS ! EQUALIZATION ( P]SONAL WEAL?1 BUT NOT BY RE/RICT+ :AT A MAN MAY ACQUIRE BY HIS [N SKILL1 PRODUCTIVE 5]GY1 & ?RIFT4  

 ,B4 ,EQUALITY & JU/ICE DEM& ONLY A SOCIETY SO ORGANIZ$ ?AT EV]Y S+LE HUMAN BE+ WILL--FROM BIR? ?R\< ADOLESC5CE & MATURITY--HAVE !RE9 EQUAL MEANS1 FIR/ = MA9T5ANCE & $UCATION1 & LAT]1 = ! EX]CISE ( ALL HIS NATURAL CAPACITIES & APTITUDES4 ,?IS EQUALITY FROM BIR? ?AT JU/ICE DEM&S = EV]YONE WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE AS LONG AS ! RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE CONT9UES TO EXI/4  

 ,D4 ,ABOLITION ( ! RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE4 ,SOCIAL 9EQUALITY --9EQUALITY ( CLASSES1 PRIVILEGES1 & WEAL?-- NOT BY RI<T BUT 9 FACT1 WILL CONT9UE TO EXI/ UNTIL SU* TIME AS ! RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE IS ABOLI%$4 ,IT IS AN 9H]5T SOCIAL LAW ?AT DE FACTO 9EQUALITY 9EXORABLY PRODUCES 9EQUALITY ( RI<TS2 SOCIAL 9EQUALITY LEADS TO POLITICAL 9EQUALITY4 ,& )\T POLITICAL EQUALITY--9 ! TRUE1 UNIV]SAL1 & LIB]T>IAN S5SE 9 :I* WE UND]/& IT--SOCIETY WILL ALWAYS REMA9 DIVID$ 9TO TWO UNEQUAL P>TS4 ,! FIR/1 :I* COMPRISES ! GREAT MAJORITY ( MANK9D1 ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE1 WILL BE OPPRESS$ BY ! PRIVILEG$1 EXPLOIT+ M9ORITY4 ,! RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE VIOLATES ! PR9CIPLE ( FRE$OM & MU/ BE ABOLI%$4  

 ,G4 ,:5 9EQUALITY RESULT+ FROM ! RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE IS ABOLI%$1 !RE WILL /ILL REMA9 9EQUALITIES .<( WEAL?.> DUE TO ! DIV]SE AM\NTS ( 5]GY & SKILL POSSESS$ BY 9DIVIDUALS4 ,!SE 9EQUALITIES WILL NEV] 5TIRELY DISAPPE>1 BUT WILL BECOME MORE & MORE M9IMIZ$ UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( $UCATION & ( AN EGALIT>IAN SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 :5 ! RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE NO LONG] BURD5S ! COM+ G5]ATIONS4  

 ,H4 ,LABOR BE+ ! SOLE S\RCE ( WEAL?1 EV]YONE IS FREE TO DIE ( HUNG]1 OR TO LIVE 9 ! DES]TS OR ! =E/S AMONG SAVAGE BEA/S1 BUT :OEV] WANTS TO LIVE 9 SOCIETY MU/ E>N HIS LIV+ BY HIS [N LABOR1 OR BE TREAT$ AS A P>ASITE :O IS LIV+ ON ! LABOR ( O!RS4  

 ,I4 ,LABOR IS ! F\NDATION ( HUMAN DIGNITY & MORALITY4 ,= IT WAS ONLY BY FREE & 9TELLIG5T LABOR ?AT MAN1 OV]COM+ HIS [N BE/IALITY1 ATTA9$ HIS HUMANITY & S5SE ( JU/ICE1 *ANG$ HIS 5VIRONM5T1 & CREAT$ ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD4 ,! /IGMA :I*1 9 ! ANCI5T AS WELL AS ! FEUDAL WORLD1 WAS ATTA*$ TO LABOR1 & :I* TO A GREAT EXT5T /ILL EXI/S TODAY1 DESPITE ALL ! HYPOCRITICAL PHRASES AB\T ! 0DIGNITY ( LABOR0--?IS /UPID PREJUDICE AGA9/ LABOR HAS TWO S\RCES3 ! FIR/ IS ! CONVICTION1 SO *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ANCI5T WORLD1 ?AT 9 ORD] TO GIVE ONE P>T ( SOCIETY ! OPPORTUNITY & ! MEANS TO HUMANIZE ITSELF ?R\< SCI5CE1 ! >TS1 PHILOSOPHY1 & ! 5JOYM5T ( HUMAN RI<TS1 ANO!R P>T ( SOCIETY1 NATURALLY ! MO/ NUM]\S1 MU/ BE CONDEMN$ TO WORK AS SLAVES4 ,?IS FUNDAM5TAL 9/ITUTION ( ANCI5T CIVILIZATION WAS ! CAUSE ( ITS D[NFALL4  

 ,! CITY1 CORRUPT$ & DISORGANIZ$ ON ! ONE H& BY ! IDL5ESS ( ! PRIVILEG$ CITIZ5S1 & UND]M9$ ON ! O!R BY ! IMP]CEPTIBLE BUT REL5TLESS ACTIVITY ( ! DIS9H]IT$ WORLD ( SLAVES :O1 DESPITE !IR SLAV]Y1 ?R\< COMMON LABOR DEVELOP$ A S5SE ( MUTUAL AID & SOLID>ITY AGA9/ OPPRESSION1 COLLAPS$ UND] ! BL[S ( ! B>B>IAN PEOPLES4  

 ,*RI/IANITY1 ! RELIGION ( ! SLAVES1 MU* LAT] DE/ROY$ ANCI5T =MS ( SLAV]Y ONLY TO CREATE A NEW SLAV]Y4 ,PRIVILEGE1 BAS$ ON 9EQUALITY & ! RI<T ( CONQUE/ & SANCTIFI$ BY DIV9E GRACE1 AGA9 SEP>AT$ SOCIETY 9TO TWO OPPOS+ CAMPS3 ! 0RABBLE0 & ! NOBILITY1 ! S]FS & ! MA/]S4 ,TO ! LATT] WAS ASSIGN$ ! NOBLE PR(ESSION ( >MS & GOV]NM5T2 TO ! S]FS1 ! CURSE ( =C$ LABOR4 ,! SAME CAUSES >E B\ND TO PRODUCE ! SAME EFFECTS2 ! NOBILITY1 WEAK5$ & DEMORALIZ$ BY DEPRAV$ IDL5ESS1 FELL 9 #a<i UND] ! BL[S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y S]FS & WORK]S4 ,! .<,FR5*.> ,REVOLUTION PROCLAIM$ ! DIGNITY ( LABOR & 5ACT$ ! RI<TS ( LABOR 9TO LAW4 ,BUT ONLY 9 LAW1 = 9 FACT LABOR REMA9$ 5SLAV$4 ,! FIR/ S\RCE ( ! DEGRADATION ( LABOR1 NAMELY1 ! DOGMA ( ! POLITICAL 9EQUALITY ( M51 WAS DE/ROY$ BY ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION4 ,! DEGRADATION MU/ !RE=E BE ATTRIBUT$ TO A SECOND S\RCE1 :I* IS NO?+ BUT ! SEP>ATION :I* /ILL EXI/S BETWE5 MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL LABOR1 :I* REPRODUCES 9 A NEW =M ! ANCI5T 9EQUALITY & DIVIDES ! WORLD 9TO TWO CAMPS3 ! PRIVILEG$ M9ORITY1 PRIVILEG$ NOT BY LAW BUT BY CAPITAL1 & ! MAJORITY ( WORK]S1 NO LONG] CAPTIVES ( ! LAW BUT ( HUNG]4  

 ,! DIGNITY ( LABOR IS TODAY !ORETICALLY RECOGNIZ$1 & PUBLIC OP9ION CONSID]S IT DISGRACEFUL TO LIVE )\T WORK+4 ,BUT ?IS DOES NOT GO TO ! HE>T ( ! QUE/ION4 ,HUMAN LABOR1 9 G5]AL1 IS /ILL DIVID$ 9TO TWO EXCLUSIVE CATEGORIES3 ! FIR/ --SOLELY 9TELLECTUAL & MANAG]IAL--9CLUDES ! SCI5TI/S1 >TI/S1 5G9E]S1 9V5TORS1 ACC\NTANTS1 $UCATORS1 GOV]NM5TAL (FICIALS1 & !IR SUBORD9ATE ELITES :O 5=CE LABOR DISCIPL9E4 ,! SECOND GR\P CONSI/S ( ! GREAT MASS ( WORK]S1 PEOPLE PREV5T$ FROM APPLY+ CREATIVE IDEAS OR 9TELLIG5CE1 :O BL9DLY & ME*ANICALLY C>RY \T ! ORD]S ( ! 9TELLECTUAL MANAG]IAL ELITE4 ,?IS ECONOMIC & SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR HAS DISA/R\S CONSEQU5CES = MEMB]S ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE1 & = ! PROSP]ITY1 AS WELL AS ! MORAL & 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T1 ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE4  

 ,= ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES A LIFE ( LUXURI\S IDL5ESS GRADUALLY LEADS TO MORAL & 9TELLECTUAL DEG5]ATION4 ,IT IS P]FECTLY TRUE ?AT A C]TA9 AM\NT ( LEISURE IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y = ! >TI/IC1 SCI5TIFIC1 & M5TAL DEVELOPM5T ( MAN2 CREATIVE LEISURE FOLL[$ BY ! HEAL?Y EX]CISE ( DAILY LABOR1 ONE ?AT IS WELL E>N$ & IS SOCIALLY PROVID$ = ALL ACCORD+ TO 9DIVIDUAL CAPACITIES & PREF]5CES4 ,HUMAN NATURE IS SO CON/ITUT$ ?AT ! PROP5SITY = EVIL IS ALWAYS 9T5SIFI$ BY EXT]NAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 & ! MORALITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL DEP5DS MU* MORE ON ! CONDITIONS ( HIS EXI/5CE & ! 5VIRONM5T 9 :I* HE LIVES ?AN ON HIS [N WILL4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 AS 9 ALL O!RS1 ! LAW ( SOCIAL SOLID>ITY IS ESS5TIAL3 !RE CAN BE NO O!R MORALIZ] = SOCIETY OR ! 9DIVIDUAL ?AN FRE$OM 9 ABSOLUTE EQUALITY4 ,TAKE ! MO/ S9C]E DEMOCRAT & PUT HIM ON ! ?RONE2 IF HE DOES NOT /EP D[N PROMPTLY1 HE WILL SURELY BECOME A SC\NDREL4 ,A BORN >I/OCRAT 7IF HE %\LD1 BY SOME HAPPY *ANCE1 BE A%AM$ ( HIS >I/OCRATIC L9EAGE & R5\NCE PRIVILEGES ( BIR?7 WILL YE>N = PA/ GLORIES1 BE USELESS 9 ! PRES5T1 & PASSIONATELY OPPOSE FUTURE PROGRESS4 ,! SAME GOES = ! B\RGEOIS3 ?IS DE> *ILD ( CAPITAL & IDL5ESS WILL WA/E HIS LEISURE 9 DI%ONE/Y1 CORRUPTION1 & DEBAU*]Y1 OR S]VE AS A BRUTAL =CE TO 5?RALL$ ! WORK+ CLASS1 :O WILL EV5TUALLY UNLEA% AGA9/ HIM A RETRIBUTION EV5 MORE HORRIBLE ?AN ?AT ( #a#g#i#c4  

 ,! EVILS ?AT ! WORK] IS SUBJECT$ TO BY ! DIVISION ( LABOR >E MU* EASI] TO DET]M9E3 =C$ TO WORK = O!RS BECAUSE HE IS BORN TO POV]TY & MIS]Y1 DEPRIV$ ( ALL RATIONAL UPBR++ & $UCATION1 MORALLY 5SLAV$ BY RELIGI\S 9FLU5CE4 ,HE IS CATAPULT$ 9TO LIFE1 DEF5SELESS1 )\T 9ITIATIVE & )\T HIS [N WILL4 ,DRIV5 TO DESPAIR BY MIS]Y1 HE SOMETIMES REVOLTS1 BUT LACK+ ?AT UNITY ) HIS FELL[ WORK]S & ?AT 5LI<T5$ ?\<T UPON :I* P[] DEP5DS1 HE IS (T5 BETRAY$ & SOLD \T BY HIS LEAD]S1 & ALMO/ NEV] REALIZES :O OR :AT IS RESPONSIBLE = HIS SUFF]+S4 ,EXHAU/$ BY FUTILE /RUGGLES1 HE FALLS BACK AGA9 9TO ! OLD SLAV]Y4  

 ,?IS SLAV]Y WILL LA/ UNTIL CAPITALISM IS OV]?R[N BY ! COLLECTIVE ACTION ( ! WORK]S4 ,!Y WILL BE EXPLOIT$ AS LONG AS $UCATION 7:I* 9 A FREE SOCIETY WILL BE EQUALLY AVAILABLE TO ALL7 IS ! EXCLUSIVE BIR?RI<T ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASS2 AS LONG AS ?IS M9ORITY MONOPOLIZES SCI5TIFIC & MANAG]IAL WORK & ! PEOPLE--R$UC$ TO ! /ATUS ( MA*9ES OR BEA/S ( BURD5-->E =C$ TO P]=M ! M5IAL TASKS ASSIGN$ TO !M BY !IR EXPLOIT]S4 ,?IS DEGRADATION ( HUMAN LABOR IS AN IMM5SE EVIL1 POLLUT+ ! MORAL1 9TELLECTUAL1 & POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIETY4 ,HI/ORY %[S ?AT AN UN$UCAT$ MULTITUDE :OSE NATURAL 9TELLIG5CE IS SUPPRESS$ & :O >E BRUTALIZ$ BY ! ME*ANICAL MONOTONY ( DAILY TOIL1 :O GROPE 9 VA9 = ANY 5LI<T5M5T1 CON/ITUTES A M9DLESS MOB :OSE BL9D TURBUL5CE ?REAT5S ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( SOCIETY ITSELF4  

 ,! >TIFICIAL SEP>ATION BETWE5 MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL LABOR MU/ GIVE WAY TO A NEW SOCIAL SYN!SIS4 ,:5 ! MAN ( SCI5CE P]=MS MANUAL LABOR & ! MAN ( WORK P]=MS 9TELLECTUAL LABOR1 FREE 9TELLIG5T WORK WILL BECOME ! GLORY ( MANK9D1 ! S\RCE ( ITS DIGNITY & ITS RI<TS4  

 ,K4 ,9TELLIG5T & FREE LABOR WILL NECESS>ILY BE COLLECTIVE LABOR4 ,EA* P]SON WILL1 ( C\RSE1 BE FREE TO WORK ALONE OR COLLECTIVELY4 ,BUT !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT 7\TSIDE ( WORK BE/ P]=M$ 9DIVIDUALLY7 9 9DU/RIAL & EV5 SCI5TIFIC OR >TI/IC 5T]PRISES1 COLLECTIVE LABOR WILL BE PREF]R$ BY EV]YONE4 ,= ASSOCIATION M>VEL\SLY MULTIPLIES ! PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY ( EA* WORK]2 H5CE1 A COOP]AT+ MEMB] ( A PRODUCTIVE ASSOCIATION WILL E>N MU* MORE 9 MU* LESS TIME4 ,:5 ! FREE PRODUCTIVE ASSOCIATIONS 7:I* WILL 9CLUDE MEMB]S ( COOP]ATIVES & LABOR ORGANIZATIONS7 VOLUNT>ILY ORGANIZE ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S & SPECIAL SKILLS1 !Y WILL !N TRANSC5D ALL NATIONAL B\ND>IES & =M AN IMM5SE WORLDWIDE ECONOMIC F$]ATION4 ,?IS WILL 9CLUDE AN 9DU/RIAL P>LIAM5T1 SUPPLI$ BY ! ASSOCIATIONS ) PRECISE & DETAIL$ GLOBAL-SCALE /ATI/ICS2 BY H>MONIZ+ SUPPLY & DEM& ! P>LIAM5T WILL DI/RIBUTE & ALLOCATE WORLD 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION TO ! V>I\S NATIONS4 ,COMM]CIAL & 9DU/RIAL CRISES1 /AGNATION 7UNEMPLOYM5T 71 WA/E ( CAPITAL1 ETC41 WILL NO LONG] PLAGUE MANK9D2 ! EMANCIPATION ( HUMAN LABOR WILL REG5]ATE ! WORLD4  

 ,L4 ,! L&1 & ALL NATURAL RES\RCES1 >E ! COMMON PROP]TY ( EV]YONE1 BUT WILL BE US$ ONLY BY ?OSE :O CULTIVATE IT BY !IR [N LABOR4 ,)\T EXPROPRIATION1 ONLY ?R\< ! P[]FUL PRESSURE ( ! WORK]'S ASSOCIATIONS1 CAPITAL & ! TOOLS ( PRODUCTION WILL FALL TO ?OSE :O PRODUCE WEAL? BY !IR [N LABOR4 .<,BAKUN9 MEANS ?AT PRIVATE [N]%IP ( PRODUCTION WILL BE P]MITT$ ONLY IF ! [N]S DO ! ACTUAL WORK & DO NOT EMPLOY ANYONE4 ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT COLLECTIVE [N]%IP W\LD GRADUALLY SUP]S$E PRIVATE [N]%IP4.>  

 ,M4 ,EQUAL POLITICAL1 SOCIAL1 & ECONOMIC RI<TS1 AS WELL AS EQUAL OBLIGATIONS = WOM54  

 ,N4 ,ABOLITION NOT ( ! NATURAL FAMILY BUT ( ! LEGAL FAMILY F\ND$ ON LAW & PROP]TY4 ,RELIGI\S & CIVIL M>RIAGE TO BE REPLAC$ BY FREE M>RIAGE4 ,ADULT M5 & WOM5 HAVE ! RI<T TO UNITE & SEP>ATE AS !Y PLEASE1 NOR HAS SOCIETY ! RI<T TO H9D] !IR UNION OR TO =CE !M TO MA9TA9 IT4 ,) ! ABOLITION ( ! RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE & ! $UCATION ( *ILDR5 ASSUR$ BY SOCIETY1 ALL ! LEGAL REASONS = ! IRREVOCABILITY ( M>RIAGE WILL DISAPPE>4 ,! UNION ( A MAN & A WOMAN MU/ BE FREE1 = A FREE *OICE IS ! 9DISP5SABLE CONDITION = MORAL S9C]ITY4 ,9 M>RIAGE1 MAN & WOMAN MU/ 5JOY ABSOLUTE LIB]TY4 ,NEI!R VIOL5CE NOR PASSION NOR RI<TS SURR5D]$ 9 ! PA/ CAN JU/IFY AN 9VASION BY ONE ( ! LIB]TY ( ANO!R1 & EV]Y SU* 9VASION %ALL BE CONSID]$ A CRIME4  

 ,O4 ,FROM ! MOM5T ( PREGNANCY TO BIR?1 A WOMAN & H] *ILDR5 %ALL BE SUBSIDIZ$ BY ! COMMUNAL ORGANIZATION4 ,WOM5 :O WI% TO NURSE & WEAN !IR *ILDR5 %ALL ALSO BE SUBSIDIZ$4  

 ,P4 ,P>5TS %ALL HAVE ! RI<T TO C>E = & GUIDE ! $UCATION ( !IR *ILDR51 UND] ! ULTIMATE CONTROL ( ! COMMUNE :I* RETA9S ! RI<T & ! OBLIGATION TO TAKE *ILDR5 AWAY FROM P>5TS :O1 BY EXAMPLE OR BY CRUEL & 9HUMAN TREATM5T1 DEMORALIZE OR O!RWISE H9D] ! PHYSICAL & M5TAL DEVELOPM5T ( !IR *ILDR54  

 ,Q4 ,*ILDR5 BELONG NEI!R TO !IR P>5TS NOR TO SOCIETY4 ,!Y BELONG TO !MSELVES & TO !IR [N FUTURE LIB]TY4 ,UNTIL OLD 5\< TO TAKE C>E ( !MSELVES1 *ILDR5 MU/ BE BR\<T UP UND] ! GUIDANCE ( !IR ELD]S4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT P>5TS >E !IR NATURAL TUTORS1 BUT S9CE ! V]Y FUTURE ( ! COMMUNE ITSELF DEP5DS UPON ! 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL TRA9+ IT GIVES TO *ILDR51 ! COMMUNE MU/ BE ! TUTOR4 ,! FRE$OM ( ADULTS IS POSSIBLE ONLY :5 ! FREE SOCIETY LOOKS AFT] ! $UCATION ( M9ORS4  

 ,R4 ,! SECUL> S*OOL MU/ REPLACE ! ,*UR*1 ) ! DIFF]5CE ?AT :ILE RELIGI\S 9DOCTR9ATION P]PETUATES SUP]/ITION & DIV9E AU?ORITY1 ! SOLE PURPOSE ( SECUL> PUBLIC $UCATION IS ! GRADUAL1 PROGRESSIVE 9ITIATION ( *ILDR5 9TO LIB]TY BY ! TRIPLE DEVELOPM5T ( !IR PHYSICAL /R5G?1 !IR M9DS1 & !IR WILL4 ,REASON1 TRU?1 JU/ICE1 RESPECT = FELL[M51 ! S5SE ( P]SONAL DIGNITY :I* IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! DIGNITY ( O!RS1 LOVE ( P]SONAL FRE$OM & ! FRE$OM ( ALL O!RS1 ! CONVICTION ?AT WORK IS ! BASE & CONDITION = RI<TS--!SE MU/ BE ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ALL PUBLIC $UCATION4 ,ABOVE ALL1 $UCATION MU/ MAKE M5 & 9CULCATE HUMAN VALUES FIR/1 & !N TRA9 SPECIALIZ$ WORK]S4 ,AS ! *ILD GR[S OLD]1 AU?ORITY WILL GIVE WAY TO MORE & MORE LIB]TY1 SO ?AT BY ADOLESC5CE HE WILL BE COMPLETELY FREE & WILL =GET H[ 9 *ILDHOOD HE HAD TO SUBMIT UNAVOIDABLY TO AU?ORITY4 ,RESPECT = HUMAN WOR?1 ! G]M ( FRE$OM1 MU/ BE PRES5T EV5 :ILE *ILDR5 >E BE+ SEV]ELY DISCIPL9$4 ,! ESS5CE ( ALL MORAL $UCATION IS ?IS3 9CULCATE *ILDR5 ) RESPECT = HUMANITY & Y\ WILL MAKE GOOD M54444  

 ,S4 ,HAV+ REA*$ ! AGE ( ADUL?OOD1 ! ADOLESC5T WILL BE PROCLAIM$ AUTONOM\S & FREE TO ACT AS HE DEEMS BE/4 ,9 EX*ANGE1 SOCIETY WILL EXPECT HIM TO FULFILL ONLY !SE ?REE OBLIGATIONS3 ?AT HE REMA9 FREE1 ?AT HE LIVE BY HIS [N LABOR1 & ?AT HE RESPECT ! FRE$OM ( O!RS4 ,&1 AS ! CRIMES & VISES 9FECT+ PRES5T SOCIETY >E DUE TO ! EVIL ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 IT IS C]TA9 ?AT 9 A SOCIETY BAS$ ON REASON1 JU/ICE1 & FRE$OM1 ON RESPECT = HUMANITY & ON COMPLETE EQUALITY1 ! GOOD WILL PREVAIL & ! EVIL WILL BE A MORBID EXCEPTION1 :I* WILL DIM9I% MORE & MORE UND] ! P]VASIVE 9FLU5CE ( AN 5LI<T5$ & HUMANIZ$ PUBLIC OP9ION4  

 ,T4 ,! OLD1 SICK1 & 9FIRM WILL 5JOY ALL POLITICAL & SOCIAL RI<TS & BE B\NTIFULLY SUPPORT$ AT ! EXP5SE ( SOCIETY4  

 ,X,I4 ,REVOLUTION>Y POLICY4 ,IT IS \R DEEP-SEAT$ CONVICTION ?AT S9CE ! FRE$OM ( ALL NATIONS IS 9DIVISIBLE1 NATIONAL REVOLUTIONS MU/ BECOME 9T]NATIONAL 9 SCOPE4 ,JU/ AS ! ,EUROPEAN & WORLD REACTION IS UNIFI$1 !RE %\LD NO LONG] BE ISOLAT$ REVOLUTIONS1 BUT A UNIV]SAL1 WORLDWIDE REVOLUTION4 ,!RE=E1 ALL ! P>TICUL> 9T]E/S1 ! VANITIES1 PRET5SIONS1 JEAL\SIES1 & HO/ILITIES BETWE5 & AMONG NATIONS MU/ N[ BE TRANS=M$ 9TO ! UNIFI$1 COMMON1 & UNIV]SAL 9T]E/ ( ! REVOLUTION1 :I* ALONE CAN ASSURE ! FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE ( EA* NATION BY ! SOLID>ITY ( ALL4 ,WE BELIEVE ALSO ?AT ! HOLY ALLIANCE ( ! WORLD C\NT]REVOLUTION & ! CONSPIRACY ( K+S1 CL]GY1 NOBILITY1 & ! B\RGEOISIE1 BAS$ ON 5ORM\S BUDGETS1 ON P]MAN5T >MIES1 ON =MIDABLE BUREAUCRACIES1 & EQUIPP$ ) ALL ! MON/R\S APP>ATUS ( MOD]N C5TRALIZ$ /ATES1 CON/ITUTES AN OV]:ELM+ =CE2 9DE$1 ?AT ?IS =MIDABLE REACTION>Y COALITION CAN BE DE/ROY$ ONLY BY ! GREAT] P[] ( ! SIMULTANE\S REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE & ACTION ( ALL ! PEOPLE ( ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD1 ?AT AGA9/ ?IS REACTION ! ISOLAT$ REVOLUTION ( A S+LE PEOPLE WILL NEV] SUCCE$4 ,SU* A REVOLUTION W\LD BE FOLLY1 A CATA/ROPHE = ! ISOLAT$ C\NTRY & W\LD1 9 EFFECT1 CON/ITUTE A CRIME AGA9/ ALL ! O!R NATIONS4 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT ! UPRIS+ ( A S+LE PEOPLE MU/ HAVE 9 VIEW NOT ONLY ITSELF1 BUT ! :OLE WORLD4 ,?IS DEM&S A WORLDWIDE PROGRAM1 AS L>GE1 AS PR(\ND1 AS TRUE1 AS HUMAN1 9 %ORT1 AS ALL EMBRAC+ AS ! 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE WORLD4 ,& 9 ORD] TO 5]GIZE ! PASSIONS ( ALL ! POPUL> MASSES ( ,EUROPE1 REG>DLESS ( NATIONALITY1 ?IS PROGRAM CAN ONLY BE ! PROGRAM ( ! SOCIAL & DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION4  

 ,BRIEFLY /AT$1 ! OBJECTIVES ( ! SOCIAL & DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION >E3 ,POLITICALLY3 ! ABOLITION ( ! HI/ORIC RI<TS ( /ATES1 ! RI<TS ( CONQUE/1 & DIPLOMATIC RI<TS .</ATI/ 9T]NATIONAL LAW4 ,T,R4.>4 ,IT AIMS AT ! FULL EMANCIPATION ( 9DIVIDUALS & ASSOCIATIONS FROM DIV9E & HUMAN BONDAGE2 IT SEEKS ! ABSOLUTE DE/RUCTION ( ALL COMPULSORY UNIONS1 & ALL AGGLOM]ATIONS ( COMMUNES 9TO PROV9CES & CONQU]$ C\NTRIES 9TO ! ,/ATE4 ,F9ALLY1 IT REQUIRES ! RADICAL DISSOLUTION ( ! C5TRALIZ$1 AGGRESSIVE1 AU?ORIT>IAN ,/ATE1 9CLUD+ ITS MILIT>Y1 BUREAUCRATIC1 GOV]NM5TAL1 ADM9I/RATIVE1 JUDICIAL1 & LEGISLATIVE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! REVOLUTION1 9 %ORT1 HAS ?IS AIM3 FRE$OM = ALL1 = 9DIVIDUALS AS WELL AS COLLECTIVE BODIES1 ASSOCIATIONS1 COMMUNES1 PROV9CES1 REGIONS1 & NATIONS1 & ! MUTUAL GU>ANTEE ( ?IS FRE$OM BY F$]ATION4  

 ,SOCIALLY3 IT SEEKS ! CONFIRMATION ( POLITICAL EQUALITY BY ECONOMIC EQUALITY4 ,?IS IS NOT ! REMOVAL ( NATURAL 9DIVIDUAL DIFF]5CES1 BUT EQUALITY 9 ! SOCIAL RI<TS ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL FROM BIR?2 9 P>TICUL>1 EQUAL MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE1 SUPPORT1 $UCATION1 & OPPORTUNITY = EV]Y *ILD1 BOY OR GIRL1 UNTIL MATURITY1 & EQUAL RES\RCES & FACILITIES 9 ADUL?OOD TO CREATE HIS [N WELL-BE+ BY HIS [N LABOR4  

,CONTRIBUT$ BY3 

,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM #aa 

HTTP3_/_/WWW4GEOCITIES4COM_/,CAPITOL,HILL_/,LOBBY_/#e#h#e#a_/9DEX4HTML 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahfe 3 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CATE*ISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#e1 #bag 3 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CATE*ISM -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CATE*ISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/