,RI<T & ,WRONG 

#ahih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TEXT 3 

,:5 ,I WAS AB\T ?IRTY-SEV5 YE>S OLD ,I ACT$  9 A MANN] ( :I* ,I HAD ALWAYS DISAPPROV$4  ,I HAD KN[N ( O!R PEOPLE ACT+ 9 ! SAME  WAY1 & HAD ALWAYS FELT ?AT !Y W]E DO+  WRONG4 ,IT WAS 9 SEX MATT]S ?AT ,I S9N$1 &  ! CASE WAS ! MORE />TL+ BECAUSE ,I HAD  BE5 GUILTY ( NO \TW>DLY WRONG ACTION ( !  K9D S9CE ,I WAS QUITE A Y\NG MAN1 & =  AB\T A YE> BE=E ! LAPSE ,I HAD BE5 /IRR$  BY A /RONG DESIRE TO *ANGE MY :OLE WAY ( LIFE  & BE ( MORE USE 9 ! WORLD ?AN H]ET(ORE4  ,& ! QUE/ION >OSE -- ,WAS ,I TO CONFESS MY  CONDUCT TO ?OSE :OSE LIVES W]E L9K$ TO M9E  & :OM ,I C\LD NOT W\ND )\T LAC]AT+  MYSELF8 OR HAD ,I BETT] CONCEAL IT8  

,IF ,I TOLD !M ! TRU? IT W\LD HURT !M  & ,I %\LD FALL 9 !IR E/EEM1 :ILE1 ON !  O!R H&1 BY NOT TELL+ !M ,I %\LD BE  5T]+ ON A C\RSE ( CONCEALM5T :I* W\LD  EASILY LEAD TO UNTRU?FULNESS & ULTIMATELY1 P]HAPS1 TO SY/EMATIC DECEPTION4  

,I HAD FROM *ILDHOOD KEPT A CLE> P]CEPTION  ?AT TRU? IS BETT] ?AN FALSEHOOD1 & ! FEEL+S :I* HAD GR[N UP ON ?IS OP9ION CAUS$  ME N[ TO BE FRANK2 & AS SOON AS ,I HAD CONFESS$1 & SAW H[ ! KN[L$GE ( MY CONDUCT  ACT$ ON ?OSE :O W]E NE>E/ TO ME1 IT BECAME  OBVI\S ?AT ,I MU/ NOT REPEAT MY MISCONDUCT4  ,ALL ! EXCUSES & JU/IFICATIONS :I* SEEM$  SO PLAUSIBLE :ILE ,I WAS LOOK+ AT ! MATT]  FROM MY [N PO9T ( VIEW -- SWAY$ BY A /RONG  P]SONAL BIAS1 -- VANI%$ :5 ,I HAD TO FACE !  CASE AS IT REALLY /OOD1 & SAW ?AT IT AFFECT$  NOT ONE OR TWO PEOPLE ONLY1 BUT NECESS>ILY REACT$  UPON ALL ) :OM !Y W]E 9 T\*4  

,I HAD 9 FACT RUN UP AGA9/ ! ROOT QUE/ION  ( HUMAN CONDUCT 3 ,IS !RE A RI<T & A WRONG8  ,I HAD ASSUM$ ?AT IT IS RI<T TO TELL ! TRU? &  WRONG TO TELL LIES1 & ?IS HAD DECID$ = ME  ANO!R IMPORTANT QUE/ION ( CONDUCT4 ,EVID5TLY  EA* P>T ( \R CONDUCT IS L9K$ ON TO ALL !  RE/4 ,MORALITY 7I4E4 RI<T CONDUCT7 RELATES TO ALL  WE DO1 & KNITS \R LIFE 9TO ONE ORGANIC :OLE4  ,WE CANNOT BE MORAL 9 ONE ?+ & IRRESPONSIBLE 9 ANO!R4 ,IF RI<T & WRONG CAN BE PR$ICAT$ ( HUMAN ACTIONS AT ALL1 !Y RELATE TO  ALL \R ACTIONS -- & WE CANNOT SEP>ATE \T SOME  ONE SECTION ( LIFE 7\R FAMILY1 \R BUS9ESS LIFE1  \R SEXUAL RELATIONS1 \R FRI5D%IPS & 5MITIES1  \R AMUSEM5TS1 OR \R /UDIES7 & SAY ?AT 9  ?IS DEP>TM5T WE WI% TO BE FREE FROM ! RULE  ( RI<T & WRONG4  

,I WAS RESID5T AT ?AT TIME 9 ,RUSSIA :]E SU*  PROBLEMS >E DISCUSS$ ) GREAT FRANKNESS1 &  ) !SE ?\<TS WORK+ 9 MY M9D IT CAME  NATURAL TO ME TO SPEAK ( !M TO SOME P]SONAL  FRI5DS4 ,I F\ND ?AT MORE ?AN ONE ACQUA9TANCE  HAD GONE ?R\< EXP]I5CES SIMIL> TO MY [N1  BUT NOT ALL ( !M HAD FELT IT NECESS>Y OR DESIRABLE TO CONFESS !IR ACTIONS4 ,?IS ONE1 &  ?AT ONE1 HAD *OS5 ! PA? ( CONCEALM5T1 !  ULTIMATE CONSEQU5CES ( :I* W]E NOT YET  APP>5T4 ,= CONV5I5CE SAKE LET ME SPEAK AS  ?\< ! CONSID]ATIONS :I* W]E PRES5T$  TO ME1 & CLAIM$ MY ATT5TION1 ALL CAME FROM  ONE & ! SAME FRI5D4  

,I PLEAD$ ?AT SURELY TRU? IS BETT] ?AN FALSEHOOD4 ,?IS MY FRI5D W\LD NOT ADMIT TO BE  NECESS>ILY SO 2 HE SAID HE HAD BECOME CONV9C$  ?AT \R IDEAS ( MORALITY >E CONV5TIONAL4 ,HE  RECOGNIZ$ AN EVOLUTION>Y PROCESS GO+ ON 9  ! @5VORLD4 ,SOME P[] ( W@5HI* WE KN[  NO?+1 = REASONS WE CANNOT DISC]N1 AGES AGO  EVOLV$ 5ORM\S ANT$ILUVIAN ANIMALS ) TREM5D\S TEE? & CLAWS ADAPT$ TO !IR 5VIRONM5T1 & 5ABL+ !M TO FI<T -- :I*  WAS :AT !Y W]E DE/9$ =4 ,:5 !  P[] 7,NATURE7 HAD DONE ) !M1 IT WIP$  !M ALL \T & CONT9U$ ITS PROCESS ( EVOLV+  FRE% TYPES1 :I* IT SUCCESSIVELY US$ UP &  WIP$ \T4 ,AMONG ! RE/ CAME MAN4 ,TO MAN  NATURE HAS NOT GIV5 SU* T]RIBLE TEE? &  CLAWS1 BUT IT HAS FURNI%$ HIM ) FACULTIES  :I* ADAPT HIM ALSO TO HIS 5VIRONM5T4 ,IT  HAS GIV5 HIM A CONSCI5CE & A CAPACITY TO FEEL  SYMPA?Y & LOVE4 ,!SE1 HE SAID1 >E EVID5TLY  M]E ADAPTATIONS ( ! PRIMITIVE TRIBAL 9/9CTS  ( ! SAVAGE1 :I*1 9 TURN1 W@5]E ADAPTATIONS  ( ! SEXUAL & MAT]NAL 9/9CTS ( !  ANIMALS4 ,LOVE IS A LUBRICANT DESIGN$ TO 5ABLE  ! MA*9]Y ( HUMAN SOCIETY TO WORK )\T  TOO MU* FRICTION4 ,IT IS M]ELY ONE MORE ADAPTATION ( CREATURES TO !IR 5VIRONM5T1 JU/ AS  W]E ! TEE? & CLAWS ( ! ANT$ILUVIAN  MON/]S4 0,:AT WE CALL 0PROMPT+S ( CONSCI5CE0 >E M]ELY 9H]IT$ HABITS1 ! RESULTS  ( ! FE> ( PUNI%M5T TRANSMITT$ ?R\<  ! N]V\S SY/EM4  

,MY FRI5D /AT$ ! MATT] SOME:AT 9 ?IS  WAY3 --  

0,WE DO NOT UND]/& ?IS ,NATURE ( :I*  WE >E A P>T1 NOR DO WE KN[ ITS PURPOSE4  ,AN E>?QUAKE SWALL[S UP A T[N2 ! BIRD  TE>S ! WORM TO PIECES2 ! BEAUTIFUL RA9B[  REPRES5TS BO? ! FRUITFUL & LIFE-GIV+ RA91  & ! DE/RUCTIVE & LIFE - DE/ROY+ FLOOD  :I* SWEEPS ! HELPLESS *ILD FROM ITS DESPAIR+ MO!R4  

0 ,DEIFY ?IS ,NATURE IF Y\ LIKE 2 TALK1 AS ! S5TIM5TALI/S DO1 ( ! P]FECT H>MONY :I* 7!Y  SAY7 EXI/S1 OR WILL SOME DAY EXI/1 BETWE5 :AT  IS GO+ ON 9 ,NATURE1 & :AT WE FEEL W\LD  SATISFY US4 ,OR1 LIKE ,MOSES1 SAY ?AT AN ALL-GOOD  & ALL-P[]FUL ,GOD CREAT$ ?IS WORLD AS WE  SEE IT & PRON\NC$ IT TO BE QUITE SATISFACTORY2  OR1 LIKE ! PESSIMI/S1 CURSE ,NATURE = H] HE>TLESS CRUELTY1 = BE+ 'R$ 9 TOO? & CLAW4'  ,BUT = ?OSE ( US :O C>E TO BE AT A,U TRU?FUL  9 ! MATT]1 ! PLA9 FACT REMA9S ?AT WE  SIMPLY DO NOT KN[ :AT ,NATURE IS AIM+ AT2  MANY ( H] PROCESSES & OP]ATIONS >E T]RIBLE1  %OCK+ & REVOLT+ TO :AT WE >E ACCU/OM$  TO CALL '\R BE/ FEEL+S1' & WE DO NOT EV5  KN[ :E!R ,NATURE IS AIM+ AT ANY?+ AT  ALL4  

0,WE MAY DISLIKE DEA?1 DECAY1 DE/RUCTION1 &  MIS]Y -- BUT !Y EXI/ & HAVE TO BE RECKON$  )4 ,ALL ! EF=TS TO BELIEVE1 AS ! ,GREEKS  DID1 9 A BEAUTIFUL H>MONY ( ,NATURE1 LIKE !  ,JEWI% ATTEMPTS TO BELIEVE 9 A GOOD ,GOD :O  OV]RULES ALL ?+S = ! BE/1 >E M]ELY  ATTEMPTS TO LULL \RSELVES 9TO A COM=TABLE  /ATE ( M9D4 ,!Y >E NOT RATIONAL BE,UEFS BUT  ,EPICUREAN CONSOLATIONS -- A K9D ( 9TELLECTUAL  OPIUM-EAT+4  

0 ,WE >E 9F9ITESIMALLY SMALL P>TS ( AN 9F9ITELY L>GE :OLE :I* WE DO NOT UND]/&4  ,IF WE KNEW ! S*EME ( CREATION W@5E MI<T BE  ABLE TO SEE H[ WE FIT 9TO IT1 & :E!R \R  LIFE HAS OR HAS NOT ANY MEAN+4 ,BUT NOT UND]/&+ ! PLAN & PURPOSE ( ! :OLE  MA*9E1 IT IS HOPELESS TO ASK :AT ?IS OR ?AT  P>TICUL> LITTLE :EEL IS =4 ,WE >E SIMPLY  GROP+ 9 ! D>K1 & :5 WE SPEAK ( RI<T  & WRONG WE >E ONLY DECEIV+ \RSELVES4 ,NOT  KN[+ :AT ,NATURE HAS DESIGN$ US =1 WE  CANNOT KN[ :E!R IT IS RAORE MORAL TO OPPOSE  H] 9 H] DESIGNS & BE WIP$ \T1 OR TO ASSI/  H] 9 H] PLANS & EQUALLY BE WIP$ \T4  

0 ,= SCI5CE TELLS US 7ONLY M5 DISLIKE :AT IS  UNPLEASANT1 & !RE=E ?IS IS (T5 SLURR$  OV] OR KEPT 9 ! BACKGR\ND7 ?AT NOT ONLY  IS DEA? 9EVITABLE1 BO? = \RSELVES & \R  FRI5DS1 BUT ?AT ! HUMAN RACE ITSELF WILL COME  TO AN 5D1 & ! E>? WILL P]I%1 & !  :OLE SOL> SY/EM WILL PASS AWAY4 ,NO DOCTOR  EV] YET SAV$ ANY LIFE2 ! UTMO/ HE C\LD BY  ANY POSSIBILITY DO WAS TO PO/PONE ! 9EVITABLE  DEA?4 ,ALL ! PROGRESS PEOPLE TALK AB\T IS PROGRESS T[>DS ! DE/RUCTION ( ! WORLD &  ! T]M9ATION ( ! RACE4  

0,REASON1 CONSCI5CE1 & LOVE1 !RE=E1 >E  EXP$I5TS1 ADAPTATIONS DESIGN$ BY NATURE =  H] [N UNKN[N PURPOSES1 BUT1 MORE ?AN ?IS1  !Y >E M]ELY TEMPOR>Y EXP$I5TS4 ,!RE IS  NO?+ P]MAN5T AB\T !M4 ,:AT IS CALL$  ! 'S\L' OR ! 'SPIRIT' IS TO ! BODY :AT  ! FLAME IS TO A C&LE -- A RESULT ( ITS GRADUAL  COMBU/ION4 ,! 'SPIRIT' CAN NO MORE CONT9UE  TO EXI/ AFT] ! BODY HAS DECOMPOS$ ?AN !  FLAME CAN GO ON BURN+ AFT] ! C&LE HAS  BE5 CONSUM$4  

0 ,SOME PEOPLE >E FOND ( ADVIS+ Y\ TO DEVELOP  P[]S1 & =M HABITS :I* T5D T[>DS LIFE  -- & TO %UN O!RS :I* T5D T[>DS DEA?4  ,BUT ?IS IS A FALLACI\S MANN] ( EXPRESS+  ONESELF1 = NONE ( \R FACULTIES OR HABITS T5D  ANY:]E BUT T[>DS ULTIMATE DEA?4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ONLY ?AT SOME PA?S LEAD TO ! GOAL  MORE QUICKLY ?AN O!RS4  

0 ,SO F> FROM ANY CLE> RULE ( RI<T OR MORALITY  BE+ DISC]NIBLE 9 ! OP]ATIONS ( ,NATURE1  NO?+ ( ! K9D EXI/S EV5 9 ! M9D (  MAN4 ,HUMAN MORALITY IS M]ELY CONV5TIONAL4  ,IT DIFF]S NOT ONLY FROM ! MORALITY ( ! BEES  & ! ANTS & O!R ANIMALS1 BUT EV5 AMONG  M5 !MSELVES :AT IS RI<T 9 ONE AGE IS WRONG  9 ANO!R1 & :AT IS MORAL 9 ONE C\NTRY IS  IMMORAL 9 ANO!R4 ,UND] ! ,MOSAIC LAW IT  WAS RI<T TO SLAU<T] ONE'S NATIONAL 5EMIES &  TO HAVE A HUNDR$ WIVES4 ,9 MOD]N ,5GL&  MO/ PEOPLE >E %OCK$ IF Y\ HAVE EV5 HALF-A-DOZ5 WIVES1 & ?\< MANY PEOPLE /ILL ADMIRE  A ,CECIL ,RHODES = 'PA9T+ ! MAP ( ,AFRICA  R$' ) HUMAN BLOOD1 SOME PEOPLE BEG9 TO  DISAPPROVE ( KILL+ M51 & ( REG>D+ !  LIVES ( =EIGN]S AS BE+ LESS SACR$ ?AN !  LIVES ( ONE'S [N C\NTRYM540  

,MY FRI5D 9/ANC$ TO ME A CASE 9 :I* HIS  [N CONSCI5CE HAD L$ HIM WRONG4 ,HE HAD BE5  BR\<T UP TO ?9K IT WRONG TO READ NOVELS ON  ,SUNDAY4 ,:5 HE WAS A Y\NG MAN HE WANT$  TO READ A NOVEL ON ,SUNDAY1 & DID SO1 BUT HIS  CONSCI5CE MADE HIM P]FECTLY WRET*$ AB\T  IT4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 ONLY LA/$ TILL HE HAD BECOME  ACCU/OM$ TO READ+ NOVELS ON ,SUNDAY4 ,!N  HE P]CEIV$ ?AT HE 0HAD BE5 HAMP]$ BY A  RIDICUL\S ,JEWI% SUP]/ITION1 ! P[] (  :I* WAS CALL$ CONSCI5CE40  

0,!RE IS A CONT9UAL %IFT+ & SURG+ (  OP9IONS BACKW>DS & =W>DS1 N[ TO !  LEFT H&1 & N[ TO ! RI<T4 ,UND] SU*  CIRCUM/ANCES1 ONLY ! FANATIC WILL TRY TO DOGMATIZE1 & ONLY ! ASCETIC WILL =GO ! FEW  PLEASURES1 NOT H>MFUL TO \R PHYSICAL LIFE1 :I*  >E OP5 TO US40  

,AGA9 MY FRI5D >GU$3 0,EV5 ADMITT+ ?AT  WE C\LD DISC]N RI<T FROM WRONG1 C\LD WE  ALT] \R CONDUCT8 ,C\LD WE BE ANY BETT] OR  ANY WORSE ?AN WE >E8  

0 ,9 NATURE !RE IS NO EFFECT )\T AN ANTEC$5T CAUSE4 ,:ATEV] IS N[ GO+ ON 9 !  WORLD IS ! EFFECT ( :AT WAS HAPP5+ MILLIONS  ( YE>S AGO4 ,WE HAVE BE5 %AP$ TO :AT WE  >E BY ! COMB9$ 9FLU5CE ( SOIL & CLIMATE  ACT+ ON \R FOOD & \R SURR\ND+S1 &  ON ?OSE ( \R ANCE/ORS = ?\S&S (  G5]ATIONS4 ,!RE IS NO SPOT ON Y\R BODY1 NO  ATOM 9 Y\R BRA91 NO ?\<T ?AT RISES )9  Y\1 BUT IS AN 9EVITABLE RESULT ( ANTEC$5T  PHYSICAL CAUSES2 ?AT CAUSE MAY BE :AT Y\  HAD = D9N] YE/]DAY 7CAUS+ 9DIGE/ION &  IRRITABILITY71 BUT EV5 ! WAY Y\ ATE Y\R  YE/]DAY'S D9N] WAS 9FLU5C$ BY :AT Y\R  REMOTE ANCE/ORS F$ ON MILLIONS ( YE>S AGO1  :5 ! F\NDATIONS W]E LAID ( ! *>ACT]  Y\ HAVE 9H]IT$4  

0 ,IS IT NOT %E] SELF-CONCEIT & SELF-DECEPTION TO  IMAG9E ?AT WE CAN C\NT]ACT ! ACCUMULAT$  RESULTS ( ALL !SE ANTEC$5T CAUSES1 :I* HAVE  BE5 OP]AT+ /EADILY ?R\< ! AGES4 ,CAN  WE WORK MIRACLES8 ,CAN WE BID ! SUN /&  /I,U 8 OR 7:AT IS EQUALLY IMPOSSIBLE7 SAY TO !  9EVITABLE RESULT :I* MU/ FOLL[ FROM :AT  HAS GONE BE=E -- ',?\ %ALT NOT BE6' ,WE FANCY  WE >E FREE TO ACT ONLY BECAUSE WE DO NOT SEE  ! ?READS BY :I* WE >E MOV$ -- 9 REALITY  WE >E M]E AUTOMATA40  

,IT IS ALWAYS PA9FUL TO DISAGREE ON ! FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEMS ( LIFE & CONDUCT ) ?OSE  :OM Y\ RESPECT & C>E =4 ,IT WAS SO 9  ?IS CASE1 &1 MOREOV]1 A DREAD HAUNT$ ME  ?AT P]HAPS ! P[] :I* HAD PRES5T$ !SE  PROBLEMS TO ME1 & GIV5 ME A DESIRE TO SOLVE  !M1 & A P]CEPTION ?AT !IR SOLUTION WAS  NECESS>Y1 HAD YET LEFT ME 9CAPABLE ( SOLV+  !M1 -- AS A FI% IS SOMETIMES LEFT ON DRY L&1 A  FEW FEET FROM ! RIV]1 /RUGGL+ & GASP+  = ! WAT] IT IS UNABLE TO REA*4  

,?IS FE> DISAPPE>$ :5 ,I CAME TO FACE !  DIFFICULTIES S]I\SLY4 ,!RE WAS MU* ?AT ,I  C\LD NOT SOLVE OR FA?OM1 BUT :AT MAN NE$S  TO KN[ 9 ORD] TO /E] HIS C\RSE >I<T CAN  BE F\ND BY ?OSE :O REALLY SEEK IT4 ,! DIFFICULTY 7IT N[ SEEMS TO ME7 LIES NOT SO MU* 9  P]CEIV+ :AT IS RI<T1 AS 9 DO+ IT4 ,BUT  ?\<T IS 5ORM\SLY IMPORTANT1 BECAUSE IT IS TO  MAN :AT ! RUDD] IS TO A %IP 3 IT GIVES !  DIRECTION4 ,! TIDE MAY C>RY ! %IP TO ONE  SIDE1 ! W9D MAY EV5 DRIVE IT BACK1 BUT ?AT  DOES NOT MEAN ?AT IT IS UNIMPORTANT H[ !  %IP IS /E]$4 ,UNLESS IT BE /E]$ RI<TLY1 :AT  HOPE IS !RE ( REA*+ H>BOR8 ,SO IT IS )  MAN4 ,HIS ACTIONS RESULT FROM HIS FEEL+S1 BUT  HIS FEEL+S GR[ UP ROOT$ ON HIS S5SE (  ! MEAN+ ( LIFE4  

,?\<TS SU* AS ?OSE EXPRESS$ BY MY FRI5D  DO NOT (T5 TR\BLE PLA91 HONE/ FOLK1 BUT !Y  COLOR & 9FLU5CE ! M9DS ( MANY ( !  SOPHI/ICAT$ & OV] - 9/RUCT$ PEOPLE ( \R  DAY2 & :AT MAKES !M P]PLEX+ IS ?AT  !Y CONTA9 A C]TA9 PROPORTION ( TRU?1 &  >E (T5 MIX$ UP ) !ORIES & CONCLUSIONS  :I* >E VAHD4  

,PURE GOLD IS EASILY DI/+UI%ABLE FROM  AMALGAM1 BUT IT IS DIFFICULT TO SEP>ATE ! ONE  FROM ! O!R 9 A CO94 ,SO ) A MAN'S VIEW  ( LIFE4 ,:AT IS TRUE & :AT IS FALSE MAY BE  EASILY DI/+UI%$ IF !Y >E ONCE SEP>AT$3  P]PLEXITY >ISES FROM HAV+ !M 9T]MIX$4  

,:AT ,I FIR/ FELT AB\T MY FRI5D'S >GUM5TS  WAS ?AT IT W\LD NOT DO = ME TO YIELD TO !M1  = IF ,I ADMITT$ !M ,I %\LD NEV] KN[ :AT  TO LIKE & :AT TO DISLIKE1 :AT TO DO & :AT  NOT TO DO4 ,BUT NO SOON] DID ?IS ?\<T =M  ITSELF ?AN ,I FELT A%AM$ ( IT4 ,I FELT 7NOT )  MY REASON ONLY BUT ) MY :OLE BE+7 ?AT 3  0 ,TRU? IS GREAT & %ALL PREVAIL 0 3 ?AT TO TRU?  WE MU/ BE READY TO SAY1 0,?\< ?\ %\LD/  ELAY ME1 YET WILL ,I LOVE !E40 ,A PASSAGE FROM  ,HUXLEY RECURR$ TO MY MEMORY3 0,GRANT+  ?AT A RELIGI\S CRE$ W\LD BE B5EFICIAL1 MY  NEXT /EP IS TO ASK = A PRO( ( ! DOGMA4 ,IF  ?IS IS =?COM+ IT IS MY CONVICTION ?AT NO  DR[N+ SAILOR EV] CLUT*$ A H5-COOP MORE  T5ACI\SLY ?AN MANK9D WILL HOLD BY SU*  DOGMA1 :ATEV] IT MAY BE4 ,BUT IF NOT1 !N ,I  V]ILY BELIEVE ?AT ! HUMAN RACE WI,U GO ITS  [N EVIL WAY2 & MY ONLY CONSOLATION LIES 9  ! REFLECTION ?AT H[EV] BAD \R PO/]ITY  MAY BECOME1 SO LONG AS !Y HOLD BY ! PLA9  RULE ( NOT PRET5D+ TO BEHEVE :AT !Y SEE  NO REASON TO BELIEVE1 BECAUSE IT MAY BE TO !IR  ADVANTAGE SO TO PRET5D1 !Y WILL NOT HAVE  REA*$ ! L[E/ DEP?S ( IMMORALITY40  

,YES1 SURELY6 ,NO PLEASURE1 NO EXP$I5CY1 NO  PR(IT1 NO UTILITY1 WILL EV] JU/IFY US 9 BELIEV+  9 ! EXI/5CE ( RI<T & WRONG IF IT BE TRUE  9DE$ ?AT MOD]N ?\<T 7,SCI5CE7 HAS DEMON/RAT$ ?AT WE >E BUT P>TS ( AN 9SCRUTABLE  :OLE1 ?AT WE & \R RACE MU/ P]I% UTT]LY1  BODY & SPIRIT1 -- ?AT ALL MORALITY IS M]ELY  CONV5TIONAL1 & ?AT EV5 \R CONSCI5CE &  \R REASON >E BUT 9EVITABLE RESULTS ( 9TEGRATIONS & DIS9TEGRATIONS ( MATT] OV] :I*  WE HAVE NO CONTROL4  

,! VIEW ( LIFE :I* MY FRI5D REPRES5T$  FL[S LOGICALLY 5\<1 ,I ?9K1 FROM ! MAT]IALI/IC OR SYN!TIC PHILOSOPHY :I* IS TO !  =E 9 \R DAY4  

,WE >E SURR\ND$ BY SOME?+ :I* WE  CALL ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE4 ,! P]CEPTIONS :I*  REA* US ?R\< \R FIVE S5SES REVEAL TO US AN  ORD] ( ,NATURE4 ,:AT WE P]CEIVE SEEMS TO  OBEY FIX$ & DEF9ITE LAWS :I* WE CAN 9VE/IGATE4 ,\R [N BODIES1 & EV5 \R BRA9S1  BELONG TO ?IS EXT]NAL UNIV]SE :I* WE KN[  ?R\< \R S5SES1 & ! EVOLUTION>Y &  SYN!TIC PHILOSOPHY DEALS ) ALL ?IS4 ,IT GOES  FUR!R & UND]TAKES TO TELL US ALL ?AT CAN  BE KN[N ( ! SPIRIT 9 MAN4 ,! MA9SPR+  ( LIFE1 ! PRIME MOV]1 IT SPEAKS ( AS !  0UNKN[N & ! UNKN[ABLE10 & IT 9VITES  US TO DISMISS IT FROM \R ?\<TS 9 ORD] TO  CONC5TRATE \R ATT5TION ON ! KN[ABLE4  

,?IS PHILOSOPHY PR(ESSES TO COV] ! :OLE  GR\ND ( HUMAN KN[L$GE1 & AS LONG AS ,I  ADMITT$ ?AT CLAIM1 & LOOK$ TO IT = GUIDANCE 9 MY [N CONDUCT1 IT BAFFL$ & P]PLEX$  ME4 ,MY FRI5D1 ON ! BASIS ( ?IS PHILOSOPHY1  DEMON/RAT$ ! ABSURDITY ( BELIEV+ 9 AN  ABSOLUTE RI<T & WRONG1 & ,H]B]T ,SP5C]1  9 ! F\R? GREAT VOLUME 70 ,JU/ICE 07 ( ! FIF?  GREAT SECTION 70 ,PR9CIPLES ( ,E?ICS 07 ( HIS GREAT  S*EME ( ,SYN!TIC ,PHILOSOPHY1 ON ?IS SAME BASIS  SEEKS TO DEMON/RATE ?AT ! EXI/+ SY/EM (  L&HOLD+ 7BY :I* ! PEOPLE :O TILL !  L& ( ,5GL& DO NOT POSSESS IT1 BUT LIVE UND]  ! CONTROL ( ?OSE :O DO7 IS ONE :I* PRACTICALLY ACCORDS ) ! PR9CIPLES ( JU/ICE6  

,I C\LD NOT HELP SUSPECT+ ?AT :5 IT DEALS  ) SU* QUE/IONS ! SYN!TIC PHILOSOPHY  OV]/EPS ! LIMITS )9 :I* IT IS COMPET5T4  

,I NEXT CAME TO P]CEIVE ?AT :AT ! SYN!TIC  PHILOSOPHY NEGLECTS IS ! 0 SUBJECTIVE 0 VIEW (  LIFE4 ,?IS VIEW REG>DS 0! SPIRIT 9 MAN0  ACTUAT+ HIS REASON & HIS CONSCI5CE1 AS BE+  ! MO/ REAL ( ALL ?+S4 ,?IS SPIRIT IS !  DIV9E 9 MAN -- A SOME?+ DURABLE1 P]MAN5T1  & RELIABLE4 ,BY MEANS ( IT WE >E CON/ITUT$  JUDGES -- HAV+ KN[L$GE ( GOOD & EVIL4 ,IT IS  ! 0TRUE LIFE0 ! 0HFE ET]NAL0 79 ,*RI/'S  LANGUAGE7 = ! SAKE ( :I* ! PHYSICAL LIFE  MAY WELL BE SACRIFIC$4 ,COMP>$ TO ?IS1 ALL ?AT  REA*ES US ?R\< \R FIVE S5SES IS EXT]NAL1  =EIGN TO US1 UNSATISFACTORY1 *ANGEABLE1 TEMPOR>Y4 ,?IS SUBJECTIVE VIEW HAS BE5 HELD1 &  DWELT ON1 BY ALL ! GREAT RELIGI\S TEA*]S :O  HAVE EV] MOV$ ! HE>TS ( M5 3 BY ,SOCRATES1  ,LAO-,TSZE1 ,BUDDHA1 ,*RI/1 ,PAUL1 ,WESLEY1 ,WOOLMAN1  ,TOL/OY1 & BY A HO/ ( O!RS :OSE 9FLU5CE  SPREADS FROM AGE TO AGE & FROM CONT95T TO  CONT95T4  

,N[1 ! QUE/ION BE=E US IS ?IS 3 0 ,IS !RE  ANY REAL ,RI<T -- ABSOLUTE1 FIRM1 IMMOVABLE1 DURABLE2  BELONG+ TO A REAL1 ET]NAL ORD] ( ?+S 8 0 ,&  ?IS RAISES ! FUR!R QUE/IONS 3 ,IS !RE SOME?+ 9 EA* ( US :I* IS L9K$ 9DISSOLUBLY  TO ?AT REAL ET]NAL ORD] 8 ,>E WE1 !RE=E1  BRE?R58 ,MOV$ BY ! SAME SPIRIT8 ,[+  ALLEGIANCE TO ! SAME TRU? & ! SAME DUTY8  

,WILL ! SYN!TIC PHILOSOPHY SUFFICE TO 5ABLE  US TO ANSW] !SE QUE/IONS 8 ,IT PR(ESSES TO  ANSW] ALL ! QUE/IONS TO :I* MANK9D POSSESSES ANY ANSW]4 ,IT REG>DS PRIM>ILY :AT IS  EXT]NAL -- :AT CAN BE P]CEIV$ & 9VE/IGAT$  ?R\< ! FIVE S5SES4 ,IT CALLS !SE ?+S  REALITIES & FACTS1 & IT HOLDS \T HOPES ?AT  BY MEANS ( !SE IT WILL EXPLA9 ALSO Y\R  9N]MO/ P]CEPTIONS 2 & IT W>NS Y\ ?AT  EV]Y O!R ME?OD IS M]E SELF-DECEPTION4  

,&1 9DE$1 TO MANY ( US1 AT FIR/1 ?IS \T]  WORLD DOES SEEM MORE SOLID & REAL ?AN !  9N] WORLD ( \R CONSCI\SNESS4 ,WE >E1 AT  FIR/1 9CL9$ TO DISBELIEVE ! TEA*]S :O TELL  US ?AT ! EXT]NAL IS DECEPTIVE1 UNRELIABLE1 &  TEMPOR>Y1 & ?AT ! 9N] LIFE ALONE IS RELIABLE & P]MAN5T4 ,WE >E READY TO CALL !M  0,MY/ICS10 & TO PUT !IR TEA*+ ASIDE AS  UNSATISFACTORY4 ,ONLY AFT] MU* ?\<T DO WE  BEG9 TO P]CEIVE TO :AT AN EXT5T ! EXT]NAL  WORLD DECEIVES1 BAFFLES1 & P]PLEXES US4 ,!  M]E NUMB] ( FACTS RELAT+ TO ?IS EXT]NAL  WORLD IS LIT]ALLY 9F9ITE1 & WE CAN KN[ ONLY  A V]Y FEW ( !M4 ,EV5 A ,NEWTON MAY WELL  ADMIT ?AT HE IS LIKE A LITTLE *ILD PICK+ UP  PEBBLES BY ! %ORE ( ! OCEAN ( ! UNKN[N4  ,EV5 9 ! ?+S WE ?\<T WE KNEW1 H[  (T5 WE >E DECEIV$6 ,TO BORR[ AN EXAMPLE3  Y\ 5T] A ROOM1 A LOOK+-GLASS FILLS ONE 5D  ( IT & Y\ ADVANCE TO SPEAK TO A LADY Y\ SEE  !RE -- TILL Y\ T\* ! GLASS1 & Y\R H&  TELLS Y\ ?AT Y\R EYE HAS DECEIV$ Y\4 ,:5  ?IS HAPP5S WE CALL IT AN 0OPTICAL ILLUSION40 ,BUT  !RE >E CASES 9 :I* WE F9D \R DIF,P]5T  S5SES COMB9+ TO DECEIVE US1 & WE !N CALL  IT A 0 FACT40 ,& AS MO/ M5 HAVE S5SES SIMIL>  TO \RS1 :5 ONE MAN'S S5SES DECEIVE HIM HE  WILL EASILY F9D PL5TY ( O!R PEOPLE TO CONFIRM  HIM 9 HIS ]ROR1 & :5 ! PEOPLE :O HAVE  MADE A SPECIAL /UDY ( ! MATT] >E DECEIV$1  IT BECOMES A 0SCI5TIFIC FACT40 ,= ?\S&S (  YE>S ! E>? WAS FLAT1 & ! SUN ROSE 9 !  EA/ & SANK 9 ! WE/ EA* DAY4 ,& H[  SURE PEOPLE USUALLY >E ( !IR 0SCI5TIFIC FACTS10  -- UNTIL A FRE% G5]ATION SWEEPS !M 9TO !  RUBBI% HEAP4 ,HAVE WE NOT 7P>TICUL>LY ?OSE  ( US :O HAD NOT !MSELVES 9VE/IGAT$ IT7  FELT SURE ?AT ! 0,LAW ( ,GRAVITY0 WAS SOME-  ?+ QUITE C]TA9LY & ABSOLUTELY TRUE8 -- &  DOES NOT ,$W>D ,C>P5T] N[ %[ US ?AT IT  IS 0 A PROJECTION 9TO A MON/R\S UNIV]SALITY &  AB/RACTION1 ( P>TIALLY UND]/OOD PH5OM5A  9 A P>TICUL> REGION ( OBS]VATION80.<#a.> ,WE >E  BEG9N+ TO UND]/& ?AT ! 0 LAWS ( SCI5CE 0  >E NOT ABSOLUTELY1 BUT AT BE/ ONLY RELATIVELY TRUE4  ,AGA91 H[ SURE MO/ PEOPLE >E ?AT ! TREES  >E GRE54 ,SOMEONE ) AN EYE RA!R DIFF]5TLY  %AP$ SEES R$ TREES :]E ,I SEE GRE5 ONES4  ,BUT BE+ 9 A MAJORITY ,I SAY ?AT HE HAS A DEFECT  ( ! EYE CALL$ ,DALTONISM4 ,REALLY1 SO F> AS  SCI5CE HAS GUESS$ AT PRES5T1 ! TREE IS NEI!R  GRE5 NOR R$4 ,C]TA9 WAVES ( LI<T PASS FROM IT  TO \R EYES4 ,!SE WAVES IMP+E ON ! RET9A1  ! N]VES PASS ON A S5SATION TO \R BRA91 &  WE SAY WE SEE GRE5 TREES4 ,IF ! O!R %APE  ( EYE W]E MORE COMMON1 TREES W\LD BE R$4  

,UND] ! MAT]IALI/IC PHILOSOPHY 0 MATT] &  =CE0 >E ! ULTIMATE4 ,\R 9VE/IGATION (  !M HAS TO DECIDE :AT IMPORTANCE WE %\LD  ATTA* TO MAN'S SPIRIT3 REASON1 CONSCI5CE1 &  JUDG+-FACULTY4  

,! CONTR>Y PHILOSOPHY 7CALL IT ,SOCRATIC1 OR  ,*RI/IAN1 AS Y\ PLEASE7 DISC]NS ! ESS5TIAL  DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ?AT :I* P]CEIVES & ?AT  :I* IS P]CEIV$1 & :ILE IT RECOGNIZES &  9CLUDES :AT CAN BE KN[N ( ! EXT]NAL  UNIV]SE1 ADMITS ! VALIDITY ( ! 9DUCTIVE  ME?OD ( 9VE/IGAT+ NATURE & RECOGNIZES  ?AT WE LE>N & >E DEVELOP$ BY :AT WE  P]CEIVE1 YET 9/EAD ( LOOK+ TO ! EXT]NAL  TO DECIDE = US :AT WE >E TO REG>D AS GOOD  OR BAD1 IT HOLDS ?AT ALL WE P]CEIVE HAS TO BE  JUDG$ BY ! SPIRIT ( MAN4  ,PASCAL HAS PUT ! ESS5TIAL POSITION ?US3  0,MAN IS BUT A RE$1 ! FEEBLE/ ( ?+S -- BUT  HE IS A ?9K+ RE$4 ,! :OLE UNIV]SE NE$  NOT RISE 9 ORD] TO CRU% HIM4 ,A VAPOR1 OR A  DROP ( WAT]1 IS SUFFICI5T TO KILL HIM4 ,BUT :5  ! UNIV]SE CRU%ES HIM1 MAN /ILL REMA9S NOBL]  ?AN ?AT :I* KILLS HIM1 BECAUSE HE KN[S ?AT  HE IS DY+1 :ILE ( ! ADVANTAGE ! UNIV]SE  HAS OV] HIM IT KN[S NO?+4 ,?US1 ALL \R  DIGNITY CONSI/S 9 ?\<T4 ,IT IS BY ?AT1 & NOT  BY TIME OR SPACE1 ?AT WE %\LD RAISE \RSELVES4  ,LET US !RE=E LABOR TO ?9K RI<TLY3 ?AT  IS ! PR9CIPLE ( MORALITY40  

,FROM ! SYN!TIC PHILOSOPHY WE GET NO CLE>  GUIDANCE3 ONLY A PIL+ UP ( SO-CALL$ 0FACTS0  & A PROCESS ( G5]ALIZ+ ON !SE 0 FACTS 3 0  DIFF]5T AU?ORITIES COM+ TO DIFF]5T CONCLUSIONS1 P]PLEX+ ! 9TELLECT BUT NOT /IRR+ !  HE>T4 ,! SUBJECTIVE VIEW SAID ?AT !RE IS A  DIV9E LIFE PRES5T 9 EA* ( US4 ,WE MU/ REALIZE  ?AT IT IS \R TRUE SELF4 ,9 IT & NOT 9 \R  PHYSICAL EXI/5CE RESIDES TRUE1 REAL1 P]MAN5T  LIFE4 ,TRU/ IT1 USE IT1 P]CEIVE ?AT IT IS !  ULTIMATE FROM :I* !RE IS NO APPEAL2 REALIZE  ?AT ! SAME SPIRIT LIVES 9 Y\ AS LIVES 9 ALL  Y\R BRO!R M5-- & Y\ HAVE GRASP$ !  MA/]-KEY TO ALL ! PROBLEMS ( MORALITY1 E?ICS1  & RELIGION4  

,?IS IS ! CRUX ( ! :OLE MATT] 3 EA* MAN  MU/ LOOK )9 HIMSELF & SAY :E!R HE IS  CONSCI\S ( A P[] APPROV+ & DISAPPROV+  -- SEEK+ = :AT IS GOOD4 ,IF A MAN BE NOT  CONSCI\S ( IT1 IF ! IDEA SEEM TO HIM MY/ICAL1  UNREAL1 FANTA/IC1 -- !N0 MORA,KTY1 AS ,I UND]/&  IT1 CAN HAVE NO MEAN+ = HIM4 ,BUT IF HE RECOGNIZE ?IS LIFE1 OR ,K<T1 OR SPIRIT1 OR S\L1 OR  DIV9E SP>K1 OR DIV9ITY 7CALL IT :AT Y\ WILL7 9  HIMSELF1 HE POSSESSES ! ESS5TIAL BASIS ( MORALITY  & RELIGION4  

,IS !RE OR IS !RE NOT A RI<T & WRONG DISC]NIBLE TO Y\ & TO ME1 & 9CUMB5T UPON  US BO? 8 ,IF WE USE \R M9DS FREELY 7NOT SWAY$  BY PREJUDICES NOR OV]MA/]$ BY \R PHYSICAL  NATURE7 CAN WE1 OR CAN WE NOT1 UND]/& EA*  O!R1 SYMPA?IZE ) EA* O!R1 AID EA* O!R  SPIRITUALLY1 & ADVANCE H& 9 H& TOGE!R8  

,IF NOT1 WE CAN NEV] MORE APPROVE OR DISAPPROVE ( ANY MAN'S CONDUCT1 NEV] BE MOV$ BY  ADMIRATION ( ANY SELF - SACRIFICE1 NOR BE T\*$  BY RI<TE\S 9DIGNATION AT ANY WRONG4 ,IF ,I  HAVE NO JUDG+ - FACULTY1 CAPABLE ( DISC]N+  RI<T & WRONG1 ,I MU/ REMA9 NEUTRAL1 &  DIVIDE MY APPROBATION & SYMPA?Y EQUALLY  BETWE5 ! ,JUDAS :O BETRAYS1 ! ,HI< ,PRIE/  :O PROSECUTES1 ! ,PILATE :O CONDEMNS1 & !  ,JESUS :O SACRIFICES HIMSELF = ! TRU?4 ,IF  !RE BE NO RI<T & NO WRONG1 OR IF !Y BE  NOT SU* AS A PLA9 MAN MAY F9D1 OR IF !Y BE  DIFF]5T = DIFF]5T M5 -- !N1 NOT ONLY !  TEA*+ ( ,*RI/1 BUT EV]Y O!R ATTEMPT ?AT  EV] HAS BE5 MADE TO SUPPLY DIRECTION OR GUIDANCE TO MANK9D MU/ BE FUTILE4  

,! PROBLEM IS A TREM5D\S ONE3 7#a7 ,ON !  ONE H&1 ADMIT ! EXI/5CE ( AN ABSOLUTE RI<T  9CUMB5T ON EA* ( US1 & IT FOLL[S ?AT !RE  EXI/S A REAL1 SECURE1 & P]MAN5T SPIRITUAL ORD]  ( ?+S TO :I* WE >E L9K$ BY ! SPIRIT  9 US :I* RECOGNIZES RI<T & WRONG4 7#b7 ,ON  ! O!R H&1 D5Y ! EXI/5CE ( AN ABSOLUTE  RI<T & WRONG1 & IT 9EVITABLY FOLL[S ?AT  ALL \R DISCUSSIONS & EF=TS TO 9FLU5CE EA*  O!R >E S5SELESS4  

,BUT1 IMPORTANT AS ! PROBLEM IS1 ! SOLUTION  IS SIMPLE4 ,WE ONLY NE$ TO CONSID] ! FACTS (  \R [N NATURE1 FACTS ( :I* WE CANNOT BUT BE  CONSCI\S1 & WE %ALL PLA9LY SEE ?AT WE DO  DI/+UI% RI<T FROM WRONG4 ,:I* ( US :5  HE READS ! /ORY ( ,SOCRATES DOES NOT ADMIRE  HIM = SPEAK+ ! TRU? BOLDLY BE=E HIS  JUDGES4 ,:I* ( US IS UNABLE TO P]CEIVE ?AT  ,JABEZ ,BALF\R DID WRONG :5 HE DEV\R$  WID[S' H\SES & = A PRET5SE MADE LONG  PRAY]S8 ,DO NOT ! GREAT & GOOD :O >E  GONE REA* !IR H&S TO US ACROSS ! AGES1  MAK+ US FEEL ?AT 7H[EV] DORMANT IT MAY  BE7 9 \R 9N]MO/ SELVES !RE DWELLS SOME  SP>K ( ?AT DIV9E NATURE :I* MADE !M  H]OES1 SA9TS1 & M>TYRS -- ?AT WE1 TOO 7H[EV]  UNWOR?ILY71 >E SONS ( ! SAME SPIRIT4  

,IT /ILL REMA9S TO MEET MY FRI5D'S >GUM5TS1  :I*1 AFT] ?IS PREP>ATION1 WILL P]HAPS NOT  PROVE A DIFFICULT TASK4  

#a4 ,CONSCI5CE & LOVE1 WE >E TOLD1 >E M]E  RESULTS ( ! PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES & *EMICAL  MOBILITIES ( MATT] OP]AT+ ?R\< AGES4  

,HAVE Y\ EV] SE5 A CONJUR] MAKE A BALL  VANI%8 ,FIR/1 HE LETS Y\ EXAM9E A SOLID BALL1  !N HE MANAGES TO SUB/ITUTE A COLLAPSIBLE TRICK  BALL = ! REAL ONE1 & ROLL+ IT BETWE5 HIS  H&S IT GRADUALLY BECOMES SMALL] & SMALL]  TILL AT LA/ Y\ CAN'T SEE :AT HAS BECOME ( IT4  

,?AT IS V]Y MU* LIKE :AT ! MAT]IALI/  DOES ) CONSCI5CE4 ,CONSCI5CE IS SOME?+  REAL & ACTUAL1 :I* 9FLU5CES ME & ( :I*  ,I AM SUBJECTIVELY CONSCI\S4 ,! PHILOSOPH]  COMES ALONG & UND]TAKES TO MAKE ?IS CON-  SCI5CE DISAPPE>4 ,?IS HE DOES BY SUB/ITUT+  = ! ?+ ITSELF -- ( :I* WE HAVE KN[L$GE  AT FIR/ H& & NOT ?R\< \R S5SES -- !  EXT]NAL PH5OM5A :I* ACCOMPANY ! EXI/5CE ( A CONSCI5CE4 ,PASS+ !N FROM !  PH5OM5A :I* 9DICATE ?AT ,I1 & ! PEOPLE  ,I KN[1 HAVE CONSCI5CES1 TO SIMIL> EXT]NAL  PH5OM5A :I* 9DICATE ?AT O!R PEOPLE1  FUR!R REMOV$ FROM ME1 HAD CONSCI5CES1 HE  GRADUALLY LEADS US FUR!R & FUR!R FROM :AT  IS FAMILI> & SURE1 TO :AT IS DI/ANT &  UNKN[N1 TILL AT LA/ WE REA* ! PRIMITIVE TRIBE1  ! APES1 ! BEES1 & ! ANTS1 &1 PA/ !M1  ! COLLOID OR JELLY - LIKE SUB/ANCES 9 :I*  PHYSICAL LIFE IS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE COMTN5C$4  ,H]E WE HAVE QUITE LO/ SI<T ( CONSCI5CE4 ,9/EAD ( SPEAK+ AB\T ! ?+ ITSELF 7!  P[] :I* 9FLU5CES \R CONDUCT7 HE HAS DISCUSS$ ITS D]IVATION1 & ASK$ :]E IT COMES  FROM4 ,/>T+ ) ! FUNDAM5TAL CONFUSION  ( SUPPOS+ ?AT SOME?+ SUBJECTIVE 7LIKE CONSCI5CE7 CAN BE EXPLA9$ BY ! OBJECTIVE ME?ODS  ( BIOLOGY1 PHYSICS1 OR *EMI/RY -- HE 5DS UP BY  9=M+ Y\ ( ! IMPORTANT FACT ?AT Y\R  CONSCI5CE PROCE$S FROM *EMICAL ACTIVITIES &  PHYSICAL MOBILITIES1 ! QUE/ION H[ WE \<T  TO USE \R CONSCI5CE REMA9+ UNANSW]$4  

#b4 ,NEXT WE >E TOLD ?AT ,NATURE 7( :I* WE  >E P>TS7 IS NON-MORAL & 9SCRUTABLE4  

,WELL1 ,I AM PREP>$ TO ADMIT ?AT ,NATURE  APPE>S TO ME TO BE NON-MORAL4 ,I MAY DEVISE  PLAUSIBLE GUESSES TO EXPLA9 ! E>?QUAKE OR  ! FLOOD1 BUT IF1 9 ORD] TO KN[ H[ TO ACT1  ,I HAD OBJECTIVELY TO OBS]VE ALL NATURE1 TO ACCUMULATE MYRIADS ( FACTS1 TO G5]ALIZE FROM  !M1 & BY SE>*+ TO F9D \T ! PURPOSE  ( CREATION1 ,I %\LD DESPAIR ( EV] ACCOMPLI%+ ! TASK1 & %\LD BE READY TO ADMIT ?AT  WE CANNOT KN[ RI<T FROM WRONG4 ,WE DO NOT  KN[ ! :OLE DESIGN ( ! UNIV]SE1 & WE  %\LD BEW>E ( 9VOLV+ \RSELVES 9 LOGICAL  P]PLEXITIES BY ASS]T+ 7AS ,MOSES DID7 ?AT ,GOD  CREAT$ ! E>?1 OR BY SAY+ 7AS ! NATURE-WOR%IP]S DO7 ?AT ALL ! WAYS ( NATURE  COMM5D !MSELVES TO \R MORAL S5SE4 ,WE  %\LD CONT5T \RSELVES ) MAK+ SURE (  :AT IS NECESS>Y & SUFFICI5T1 & %\LD NOT  ASS]T :AT IS QUE/IONABLE & CANNOT BE V]IFI$4  

,BUT PUTT+ ASIDE ! AMBITI\S DESIGN (  FA?OM+ ! M9D ( ! ,ALL1 -- ADMITT+ ?AT  WE1 BE+ F9ITE1 CANNOT GRASP OR SPAN ! 9F9ITE  -- LET US TURN FROM :AT WE CANNOT KN[ TO :AT  WE DO KN[4 ,COMMUNE ) ! SPIRIT ?AT IS  )9 Y\1 & Y\ WILL F9D ?AT AS ! BIRD  KN[@5S H[ TO LIVE 9 ! AIR1 & IS NOT P]PLEX$  H[ TO ACT1 & AS ! FI% IS ABLE TO LIVE 9 !  WAT]1 & KN[S :AT TO DO !RE1 SO RAAN TOO  CAN LIVE HIS LIFE1 GUID$ 9 ITS PROBLEMS BY !  SPIRIT )9 HIM1 & NOT UNCONSCI\S ?AT ?AT  SAME SPIRIT L9KS US1 NOT ONLY TO \R FELL[-M51  BUT ALSO TO ! FAI?FUL HORSE OR TRU/Y DOG1 &  MAKES US DESIRE MORE COMPREH5SION (1 & UNION  )1 ! FL[]S1 ! GRASS1 & ALL ?AT EXI/S4  

,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT IF MAN VOLUNT>ILY  9DULGES 9 E?ICAL CONUNDRUMS :I* HAVE NO  REAL APPLICATION TO HIS [N LIFE -- HE WILL ALWAYS  BE ABLE TO SOLVE !M4 ,I REMEMB] BE+ ASK$  :AT AN ,ESKIMO %\LD DO :O SAW ! =CE  ( ! VEGET>IAN'S OBJECTION TO TAK+ LIFE1 BUT  :O F\ND ?AT HE W@5\LD DIE IF HE CEAS$ TO EAT  :ALE'S BLUBB]4 ,I HAD TO GIVE IT UP 2 BECAUSE ,I  AM NOT AN ,ESKIMO1 & DO NOT F9D IT NECESS>Y  TO LIVE ON :ALE'S BLUBB]4 ,HIS C\RSE W\LD  DEP5D ON ! /R5G? ( HIS CONVICTION1 &  ON HIS READ9ESS TO SACRIFICE PHYSICAL EXI/5CE  = SPIRITUAL WELL-BE+4  

#c4 ,AGA91 AS TO ! TEMPOR>Y1 & CONSEQU5TLY  UNSATISFACTORY1 NATURE ( HUMAN EXI/5CE4  

,?IS IS1 ,I ?9K1 A V]Y IMPORTANT PO9T 9 MY  FRI5D'S POSITION1 = IT L9KS ! QUE/ION ( !  REALITY ( RI<T & WRONG TO ! QUE/ION :E!R  ! SPIRIT ( :I* WE >E CONSCI\S 9 \RSELVES  IS F9ITE OR 9F9ITE4 ,!RE >E PEOPLE :O WI%  TO ADMIT ! EXI/5CE ( RI<T & WRONG1 BUT  :O 9CL9E TO ! BELIEF ?AT WE P]I% UTT]LY  AT ! DEA? ( \R BODY1 LEAV+ BEH9D ONLY  \R DU/ & \R 9FLU5CE1 :I* 9 ITS TURN  WILL P]I% :5 ! WORLD IS US$ UP & !  SUN COOLS D[N4 ,!Y ?9K ,*RI/ MU/ HAVE  BE5 ROMANC+ IF HE EV] SAID HE C\LD %[ US  LIFE ET]NAL1 ?AT BE+ A MATT] WE CAN KN[  NO?+ AB\T4  

,!Y SAY ?AT LIFE IS TO ! BODY :AT ! FLAME  IS TO ! C&LE4 ,BUT ! ANALOGY IS MISLEAD+4  ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT ! FLAME HAS NO *OICE AS  TO :AT IT WILL DO ) ! C&LE 3 IT REALLY DEP5DS  ON *EMICAL ACTIVITIES & PHYSICAL MOBI,UTIES4 ,BUT  MAN'S SPIRIT 7:I* IS HIS REAL LIFE7 CAN & DOES  5ABLE HIM TO DECIDE ?AT HE WILL DR[N HIMSELF  \T ( JEAL\SY1 RISK HIS LIFE = PATRIOTISM1 OR GO  TO ! /AKE = TRU?'S SAKE4 ,= ! ANALOGY  TO BE COMPLETE1 ! FLAME ( ! C&LE W\LD  HAVE TO APPROVE OR DISAPPROVE ( ! /E>94  

,A TRU] ANALOGY1 ,I BELIEVE1 W\LD BE TO COMP>E  MAN'S HFE TO AN ELECTRICAL 9/ALLATION4 ,:5 A  GOOD LAMP IS WELL ATTA*$ A BRI<T & /EADY  LI<T IS %[N1 IF ! LAMP BE BADLY ATTA*$ !  FLAME IS IRREGUL>1 & :5 ! LAMP IS BROK5  ! LI<T GOES \T4 ,BUT ! ELECTRIC CURR5T 7MAN'S  LIFE OR SPIRIT7 CONT9UES TO FL[ ) EQUAL P[]  :E!R ! LAMP 7MAN'S BODY7 BE S\ND1 OR  9JUR$1 OR DE/ROY$4  

,= ?OSE1 H[EV]1 :O ACCEPT ! MAT]IALI/'S  PO9T ( VIEW1 MY FRI5D'S >GUM5T %\LD1 ,I  ?9K1 BE CONCLUSIVE4 ,IT IS UNREASONABLE TO BELIEVE  9 ANY ABSOLUTE RI<T & WRONG IF \R EXI/5CE  IS ONLY TEMPOR>Y4 ,LOGICALLY IT DOES NOT MATT]  :E!R ! >RANGEM5T LA/S1 SAY1 = TW5TY  YE>S1 TILL ! DEA? ( ! 9DIVIDUAL2 OR =  MILLIONS ( YE>S1 TILL ! EXT9CTION ( ! RACE4  ,IF \R SPIRIT BE ! PRODUCT ( \R BRA91 & \R  BRA9 BE ADMITT$LY P]I%ABLE1 :AT HAVE WE TO  DO ) ! ET]NAL8 ,RI<T & WRONG BELONG  TO ! DOMA9 ( ! 9F9ITE4 ,MORALITY DEP5DS  UPON ?AT /REAM ( T5D5CY :I* MAKES =  RI<TE\SNESS YE/]DAY1 TO-DAY1 & = EV]4  

,IT NE$S1 H[EV]1 TO BE PO9T$ \T1 ?AT TO  SAY1 AS ,*RI/ DID1 ?AT MAN HAS ET]NAL LIFE1 IS NOT  ! SAME AS ASS]T+ AS A FACT1 AS ! ,BUDDHI/S  DO1 ?AT M5 WILL BE RE-9C>NAT$1 OR AS !  ,EUROPEAN *UR*ES DO1 ?AT M5 WILL RISE FROM  ! DEAD & HAVE A P]SONAL IMMORTALITY4 ,!SE  7H[EV] PLAUSIBLE ! ONE OR ! O!R MAY BE7  >E HYPO!SES :I* CANNOT BE V]IFI$2 &1  DOGMATICALLY ASS]T$1 !Y HAVE PRODUC$ A V]Y  NATURAL REACTION1 & 9CL9$ M5 T[>DS M]E  NEGATION4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( ?IS REACTION IS P]CEPTIBLE >OIMD US TO-DAY4 ,! BASIS1 H[EV]1  ON :I* ,*RI/1 OR ,SOCRATES1 BUILT 9 ?IS MATT]  /ILL /&S FIRM1 & ?IS MU* AT LEA/ WE HAVE1  MANY ( US1 F\ND 9 \R [N EXP]I5CE ( LIFE  -- ?AT :ILE WE >E *IEFLY OCCUPI$ ) !  PHYSICAL & MAT]IAL SIDE ( LIFE WE NE$ CON/ANT  OCCUPATION & /IMULANT TO KEEP US FROM P]CEIV+ ! APPROA* ( DEA?2 BUT :5 WE >E  OCCUPI$ ) ! SPIRIT1 & >E FOLL[+ AFT]  ?AT :I* IS GOOD1 ! FE> ( DEA? F9DS NO  PLACE1 & WE NE$ NO SU* PRE-OCCUPATION OR  HYPNOTIC 9FLU5CE TO BL9D US TO IT4  

#d4 ,NEXT AS TO :AT MY FRI5D SAID AB\T !  9/ABILITY ( ! MORAL CODE4  

,IT IS TRUE ?AT NO CODE ( EXT]NAL RULES EXI/S  :I* W\LD FIT ALL M5 9 ALL AGES4 ,BUT OBS]VE  ! WORK+ ( Y\R [N M9D1 & IT IS EASY TO  SEE :Y ?IS IS SO4 ,:AT WE DESIRE & SEEK IS  P]FECTION4 ,NO SOON] IS ONE /EP GA9$ ?AN IT  BECOMES NECESS>Y TO TAKE ANO!R4 ,MORALITY 7BY  :I* ,I MEAN RI<T CONDUCT7 DOES NOT CONSI/ 9  REA*+ AN ATTA9ABLE SPOT & /AGNAT+ !RE1  BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT CONSI/S 9 MOVEM5T =W>D4 ,?R\< ! AGES M5 HAVE BE5 TRAVEL+  ALONG CONV]G+ L9ES T[>DS ONE ULTIMATE AIM  --! ,CITY ( ,GOD4  

,IF WE >E WALK+ FROM ,YORK TO ,LONDON1 WOTDD  IT NOT BE UNREASONABLE TO TELL US ?AT WE MU/ BE  GO+ WRONG BECAUSE YE/]DAY WE W]E ANXI\S  TO REA* & RE/ AT ,GRAN?AM1 :ILE TO-DAY WE  >E 5T]+ ,PET]BORO8 ,! IMMUTABILITY LIES  9 ! ULTIMATE AIM -- :5 WE APPROA*$ ,GRAN?AM WE W]E MAK+ = ,LONDON1 & SO WE >E  :5 WE HAVE PU%$ ON TO ,PET]BORO'4  

,! [N] :O BEG9S TO HAVE SOME COMPASSION  = HIS SLAVES 2 ! [N] :O LETS HIS SLAVES GO  FREE2 ! WOMAN :O MAKES A FRI5D ( H]  S]VANT2 ! RI* MAN :O *OOSES A LIFE (  POV]TY = CONSCI5CE SAKE 2 ! ,FA!R ,DAMI5  :O GIVES HIS LIFE = ! LEP]S -- ALL >E ALIKE  MOV+ T[>DS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,K+DOM ( ,HEAV5 ON E>?4  

,:I* DIRECTION WE %\LD MOVE 91 IS NO 9SOLUBLE 5IGMA4 ,:5 ANYONE TELLS US ?AT  MORALITY IS MUTABLE1 ?AT WE >E LEFT )\T  GUIDANCE1 & CANNOT KN[ RI<T FROM WRONG1  ! REPLY IS ONE :I* WAS GIV5 ?\S&S (  YE>S AGO 3 0 ,IT IS NOT TOO H>D = !E1 NEI!R  IS IT TOO F> (F4 ,IT IS NOT 9 HEAV51 ?AT ?\  %\LDE/ SAY1 :O %ALL GO UP = US TO HEAV5  & BR+ IT UNTO US1 & MAKE US TO HE> IT1 ?AT  WE MAY DO IT 8 ,NEI!R IS IT BEYOND ! SEA1 ?AT  ?\ %\LDE/ SAY1 :O %ALL GO OV] ! SEA =  US1 & BR+ IT UNTO US1 & MAKE US TO HE> IT  ?AT WE MAY DO IT8 ,BUT ! WORD IS V]Y NI<  UNTO !E1 9 ?Y M\?1 & 9 ?Y HE>T1 ?AT  ?\ MAYE/ DO IT40  

#e4 ,BUT WE >E TOLD CONSCI5CE VE]S R\ND1 AS  9 ! CASE ( RAY FRI5D ) HIS ,SUNDAY NOVEL4  

,IS NOT ! CASE ?IS8 ,HE HAD BE5 ACCU/OM$  TO HE GUID$ BY ! AU?ORITY ( HIS ELD]S1 &  TO USE HIS [N JUDG+ FACULTY M]ELY )9  PRESCRIB$ HMITS4 ,!N HE BECAME CONSCI\S (  A CONFLICT BETWE5 HIS [N REASON & ! DICTATES  ( AU?ORITY4 ,HE %\LD HAVE FAC$ ! PROBLEM  SQU>ELY1 & CLE>$ HIS [N M9D4 ,F9D+ 7AS  ALL MAY F9D :O WILL ?9K AB\T IT7 ?AT A  MAN CAN & MU/ ?9K ) HIS [N HEAD1 HE  W\LD HAVE BE5 FREE TO *OOSE HIS PA?1 & HAVE  FELT NO FUR!R COMPUNCTIONS AB\T FOLL[+ IT4  ,HIS CONSCI5CE TR\BL$ HIM1 ,I TAKE IT1 RA!R  BECAUSE HE %IRK$ ! PROBLEM ?AN BECAUSE HE  READ ! NOVEL4 ,ULTIMATELY HE DID ?9K =  HIMSELF1 & !N HIS CONSCI5CE WAS AT RE/4  

,WE >E A,U TOO APT TO BE 9TELLECTUALLY LAZY1  %IRK+ ! PROBLEMS ( LIFE1 & SAY+ WE DO  NOT KN[ ! SOLUTIONS4 ,WE >E ALL TOO APT TO  BE 9TE,UECTUA,UY DI%ONE/1 NOT ?9K+ FREELY  AB\T ! QUE/IONS LIFE PUTS BE=E US1 BUT ALL[+ A SECRET BIAS = SOME FRI5D1 OR BOOK1 OR  CRE$1 OR *UR*1 OR OCCUPATION1 OR AMUSEM5T TO  SW]VE US FROM FOLL[+ /RAI<T AFT] TRU?4  ,WE >E TOO APT TO BE 9TELLECTUALLY C[>DLY1 NOT  BELIEV+ ?AT \R M9DS W]E GIV5 US TO BE  US$1 & ?AT !Y >E WOR? US+ & TRU/+4  

#f4 ,LA/LY1 MY FRI5D CONT5D$ ?AT \R  ?\<TS1 FEEL+S1 & ACTIONS >E PRE-DET]M9$  & 9EVITABLE RESULTS ( :AT W5T BE=E4  

,?IS IS JU/ :]E ! MAN1 :OSE VIEW ( LIFE  9CLUDES ! SUBJECTIVE P]CEPTION ( HIS [N 9N]  CONSCI\SNESS1 F9DS HIMSELF AT ISSUE ) ALL !  PHILOSOPHIC SY/EMS :I* TRY TO CONF9E !MSELVES TO A KN[L$GE ( :AT CAN BE /UDI$  ?R\< ! FIVE S5SES ( SEE+1 HE>+1 T\*+1 SMELL+1 & FEEL+4 ,! ROOT ( ! :OLE  MATT] IS1 ?AT IF WE KN[@5 \RSELVES WE P]CEIVE  AN 9W>D SPIRIT PREF]R+ GOOD TO EVIL4 ,AS  ,TOL/OY PUTS IT 3 0 ,GOODNESS IS REALLY ! FUNDAM5TAL METAPHYSICAL CONCEPTION :I* =MS !  ESS5CE ( \R CONSCI\SNESS 2 IT IS A CONCEPTION NOT  DEF9$ BY REASON1 IT IS ?AT :I* CAN BE DEF9$  BY NO?+ ELSE BUT :I* DEF9ES EV]Y?+ ELSE 2  IT IS ! HI<E/1 ! ET]NAL AIM ( \R LIFE40  

,EXAM9+ MY [N 9N] P]CEPTIONS1 ,I BELIEVE  ,I POSSESS A WILL4 ,WE DO NOT KN[ :Y OR H[  ! SPIRIT OP]ATES UPON ! PHYSICAL BRA91 :I*1  BUT = ?AT 9COM+ LIFE1 @5V\LD BE M]ELY  AUTOMATIC4 ,NEI!R SCI5CE NOR 9SPIRATION HAVE  %[N US H[ TO PRODUCE LIFE1 OR EXPLA9$ ITS  SECRET TO US4 ,! DILEMMA IS ?AT WE MU/ ASSUME  7#a7 EI!R ?AT WE >E AUTOMATA1 OR 7#b7 ?AT WE  POSSESS SOME MEASURE ( WILL3 & ) ! FACTS  ( LIFE BE=E ME ,I AM DRIV5 TO ASSUME ?AT ,I  POSSI,BSS SOME MEASURE ( WILL4 ,WE MAY REJECT  RELIGION AS A SUP]/ITION1 MORALITY AS A DELUSION1  & DUTY AS A FALLACY1 YET WE %ALL CONT9UE TO  DESIRE & /RIVE = SOME?+1 IF = NO?+  BETT] ?AN = ! GRATIFICATION ( SOME P]SONAL  ,C,ELPRICE1 OR ! SATISFACTION ( SOME PHYSICAL WANT4  

,WE >E NOT FREE FROM ! LIMITATIONS ( TIME  & SPACE1 NOR >E WE FREE FROM ! 9FLU5CES (  H]$ITY1 5VIRONM5T1 SOIL1 & CLIMATE 3 MY BODY  IS A RESULT ( :AT OCCURR$ BE=E ,I WAS BORN4  ,& ?IS IS :AT %\LD SAVE US FROM H>%LY  JUDG+ ONE ANO!R4 0 ,JUDGE NOT ?AT YE BE NOT  JUDG$ 0 W\LD BE S\ND & S5SIBLE ADVICE1 EV5  IF IT' W]E %[N ?AT NO ,*RI/ EV] SPOKE IT4  ,= ALL JUDG+ ( ! K9D WE \RSELVES MI<T  REASONABLY TRY TO ESCAPE FROM -- I4E4 ALL JUDG+ 9  :I* ! JUDGE ASSUMES A POSITION ( SUP]IORITY  OR SEEKS TO 9FLICT ANY P5ALTY1 IS1 IT SEEMS TO ME1  AN EVIL4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 0,JUDGE RI<TE\S  JUDGM5TS0 IS NOT LESS NECESS>Y ADVICE2 = BY  SEEK+ TO P]CEIVE ! TRU? REG>D+ \RSELVES  & O!RS1 & AB\T \R MUTUAL RELATIONS TO EA*  O!R1 WE CAN BE/ LE>N ! LESSONS ( LIFE 3 LE>N  TO UND]/& & ESCAPE FROM \R [N FAULTS  & LE>N TO HELP O!RS4  

,V]Y MU* HAS BE5 PRE-DET]M9$ = US4 ,IT  SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT WE %\LD RELAPSE 9TO  CANNIBALISM1 & EQUALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO LIVE UP TO  ! LEVEL ( ! HI<E/ TRU?S WE HAVE SE54  

,WE >E LIKE TRAVEL]S :O HAVE PASS$ ?R\<  MANY MILES ( =E/ & :O CAN NEI!R LEAP1  AT A B\ND1 BACK TO ! 5TRANCE1 NOR OV]LEAP  ! MANY MILES :I* /ILL LIE BE=E !M4  ,!Y >E NOT FREE TO DO ! IMPOSSIBLE1 BUT !Y  >E FREE TO SELECT ! DIRECTION 9 :I* !Y WILL  MOVE4 ,!Y CAN CONT9UE TO ADVANCE1 OR CAN  SW]VE TO ! RI<T OR LEFT1 OR CAN EV5 TURN  BACK 9 DESPAIR4  

,! ABOVE >E MY P]CEPTIONS AS TO ! EXI/5CE  ( RI<T & WRONG4 ,IF !Y BE ]RONE\S ,I HOPE  SOMEONE WILL EXPLA9 TO ME MY MI/AKES 2 IF !Y  BE TRUE ,I HOPE !SE ?\<TS MAY PROVE USEFUL  TO SOME :O /ILL >E1 AS ,I TI,U REC5TLY WAS1 P]PLEX$ ON ! SUBJECT4 ,ASSUM+ !M TO BE 9  ! MA9 CORRECT1 ,I FEEL DRAWN TO MAKE AN APPRECIATION ( !M ) REF]5CE TO ! 0ADVANC$0  PEOPLE ) :OM ,I HAVE COME 9 CONTACT S9CE  ,I SETTL$ 9 ,5GL&4  

,IF !RE IS SU* A ?+ AS RI<T1 !RE MU/  ALSO BE SU* A ?+ AS MORALITY3 CONDUCT T5D+ T[>DS ! RI<T1 CONDUCT ?AT MAKES = !  E/ABLI%M5T ( P]FECT RELATIONS AMONG M51 &  ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,K+DOM ( ,RI<TE\SNESS4 ,?IS BE+ SO1 IT IS SURELY ( SUPREME IMPORTANCE TO DISC]N ! RI<T1 IF ANY4 EXI/1 AS  CLE>LY AS POSSIBLE4 ,PROGRESS IS ONLY DESIRABLE IF  IT BE PROGRESS 9 ! RI<T DIRECTION4 ,HI/ORY  %[S US ?AT ALL PA/ CIVILIZATIONS PROGRESS$  T[>DS DE/RUCTION4 ,WE1 !RE=E1 MU/ REALIZE  ?AT TO PROGRESS IS NOT SUFFICI5T3 WE MU/ KN[  :AT WE >E PROGRESS+ T[>DS1 ?AT IS TO SAY1  WE MU/ SEEK = A CLE> P]CEPTION ( ! TRU?  AS TO :AT IS RI<T & :AT IS WRONG 9 HUMAN  CONDUCT4 ,IT IS NOT 5\< TO RID \RSELVES (  CONV5TIONAL IDEAS1 PREJUDICES1 AU?ORITIES1 &  LEGALITIES 2 WE MU/ LOOK WELL TO IT ?AT !SE  >E REPLAC$ BY A CLE>1 WELL-V]IFI$ P]CEPTION  ( :AT WE >E AIM+ AT4 ,= ! H\SE SWEPT  & G>NI%$ & LEFT EMPTY WAS SOON OCCUPI$  BY SEV5 DEVILS WORSE ?AN ! FIR/4  

,BE=E WE >E FIT TO DE/ROY ! OLD1 OR CAN DO  EV5 ?AT EFFICI5TLY1 WE MU/ FIR/ KN[ :AT WE  SEEK3 :AT WE HOLD TO BE RI<T3 T[>DS :AT  IDEAL WE >E /RIV+4 ,?IS IS TRUE EQUALLY ( !  ECONOMIC & ! SEXUAL SIDES ( LIFE4  

,IF Y\ HAVE P]CEIV$ ?AT1 DESPITE ! /RUGGLE  = EXI/5CE :I* IS SAID TO BE A 0 LAW ( ,NATURE10  MANK9D IS SL[LY1 ?R\< ! AGES1 CLIMB+ --  ?R\< CANNIBALISM1 SLAV]Y1 FEUDAL T5URE1 S]FDOM1 WAG$OM -- T[>DS ! BRO!RHOOD ( MAN1  & IF Y\R SPIRIT APPROVES ?AT ADVANCE1 & LONGS  TO AID IT1 ! TIME HAS COME :5 Y\ CAN PR(ITABLY USE Y\R P]CEPTION ( ! ABSURDITY (  HUMAN LAW1 & ! 9IQUITIES ( COMPETITIVE  BUS9ESS4 ,!RE IS !N NO DANG] ?AT Y\ WILL  5C\RAGE O!RS TO =GE BANK-NOTES1 BECAUSE Y\  SEE ! WRONG 9VOLV$ 9 BANK+4  

,IF Y\ HAVE P]CEIV$ ?AT1 DESPITE ?AT /RUGGLE  = SEXUAL UNION :I* WE >E TOLD IS A 0LAW (  ,NATURE10 MANK9D HAS SL[LY1 ?R\< ! AGES1  CLIMB$ -- ?R\< UNNATURAL VICE1 PROMISCUITY1  V>IETISM1 POLYGAMY1 POLY&RY1 MONOGAMY1 --  T[>DS GREAT] & EV] GREAT] *A/ITY &  PURITY1 & IF Y\R SPIRIT APPROVES ?AT ADVANCE  7SO ?AT ! 0LOVE AFFAIRS0 ( A ,*RI/ >E 9CONCEIVABLE TO Y\7 ! TIME HAS COME :5  Y\ CAN PR(ITABLY USE Y\R P]CEPTIONS ?AT  ! CONV5TIONS ( SOCIETY >E /UMBL+-BLOCKS1  LEGAL P5ALTIES AN 9IQUITY1 & ?AT EV5 MONOGAMY IS F> FROM AF=D+ A F9AL SOLUTION ( !  PROBLEM4 ,!RE IS1 !N1 NO DANG] ?AT ?OSE  :OM Y\ 9FLU5CE WILL1 BY Y\R MISDIRECTION1 BE  L$ BACKW>DS TO ANY ( ! CU/OMS FROM :I*  ! MASS ( HUMANITY HAVE P>TIALLY ESCAP$1  AFT] ! EXP]I5CE1 ! RELAPSES1 & ! PA9FUL  EF=TS ( MANY ?\S& YE>S4  

,IF Y\ AIM AT FRE$OM AS AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 C>ELESS AS TO H[ FRE$OM %\LD BE US$ :5 IT IS  GA9$1 !N ! MORE /R5U\S Y\R EF=TS >E1  ! MORE SURELY WILL !Y EVOKE A REACTION 9  ?OSE :O FEEL ?AT LIFE HAS AN AIM1 & ?AT 9  ! CONDUCT ( \R LIVES WE ALL NE$ GUIDANCE1 &  >E ALL 7:E!R WE KN[ IT OR NOT7 9FLU5C+ &  GUID+ O!RS4 ,IF Y\ DESIRE FRE$OM1 REMEMB]  ?AT IT IS TRU? :I* ALONE CAN REALLY SET US FREE4  

,EV5 TO \R PRES5T P]CEPTIONS1 ! 0/RUGGLE  = EXI/5CE10 9 W> & COMM]CE1 IS NO 9SCRUTABLE EVIL1 NEI!R IS SEXUAL DESIRE1 -- GREAT AS  >E ! EVILS ?AT HAVE RESULT$ FROM EA* (  !SE ?+S4  

,?R\< W> & PATRIOTISM1 M51 FROM M]E  ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS1 OR FAMILIES1 HAVE BE5 WELD$  9TO GR\PS CAPABLE ( SOME H]OISM & SOME  SELF-SACRIFICE = A COMMON CAUSE4 ,?R\< BUS9ESS COMPETITION M5 HAVE OBTA9$ SOME  MA/]Y OV] ! LAZ9ESS & SELF-9DULG5CE (  !IR NATURES4 ,?R\< ?IS TRA9+ 7& ?ANKS  TO ! MIS]Y IT HAS 9VOLV$7 MAN IS BE+  DRIV5 =W>D 7(T5 BY 0A RECOIL FROM HIS [N  VICES07 TO SEEK = WID] UNION1 & = A FAIR]  FIELD 9 :I* TO USE HIS P[]S 9 ! S]VICE  ( O!RS4 ,& M5 HAVE AT LA/ COME TO A PO9T  FROM :I* !Y CAN BEG9 TO DISC>D AS H9DRANCES  ! MEANS BY :I* !Y HAVE ADVANC$ SO F>4  

,SO IT SEEMS TO BE ) ! SEX-PASSION4 ,:O  ?AT HAS WAT*$ IT AWAK5 9 A SELFI% BREA/  AN 9T]E/ 9 AT LEA/ ONE O!R EXI/5CE BESIDES  HIS1 OR H] [N2 & HAS SE5 H[@51 ?R\< ?AT  ONE O!R1 IT HAS OP5$ !IR HE>TS TO SYMPA?Y  ) A :OLE CLASS 7OR SOMETIMES TO A P]CEPTION  ( ! 9IQUITY ( A SOCIAL SY/EM7 CAN FAIL TO SEE  ?AT ?IS =CE ALSO S]VES AS A MEANS TO A GOOD  5D 8 ,BUT AGA91 WAT*+ IT C>EFULLY1 & SEE+  H[ ?IS PASSION EXCITES1 TORM5TS1 & PRE-OCCUPIES M5 & WOM52 N>R[+ !IR 9T]E/ TO  :AT CONC]NS ONE O!R OR A FEW O!RS -- H[  CAN WE BUT DESIRE ESCAPE FROM IT = \RSELVES1  & = ALL TO :OM WE WI% WELL 8  

,WE %\LD TRY NEI!R TO UND]RATE NOR TO  EXAGG]ATE ! S]VICE !SE ?+S HAVE R5D]$1  & >E R5D]+1 TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( MAN'S  NATURE4 ,PATRIOTISM IS BETT] ?AN SELFI% ISOLATION1  BUT WORSE ?AN A RECOGNITION ( ! BRO!RHOOD  ( MAN4 ,9DU/RI\S EF=T TO SECURE ONE'S [N  LIV+ IS AN ADVANCE ON LAZ9ESS1 BUT IS WORSE ?AN  ZEAL 9 ! S]VICE ( ALL4 ,SEXUAL ATTRACTION &  ! FAMILY BOND1 :ILE !Y MAY DRAW M5 FROM  ISOLATION & EGOTISM1 MAY ALSO HAMP] MAN :5  MORE DEVELOP$1 & CONF9E HIS 9T]E/S &  ACTIVITY TO A N>R[] CIRCLE & TO A L[] PLANE  ?AN !Y W\LD REA* W]E HE FREE4  

,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 W>1 COMM]CE1 &  SEXUAL-ATTRACTION -- USEFUL 9/RUM5TS 9 ! PROGRESS ( ! RACE -- TRI$ BY ! /&>D ( !  IDEAL1 FALL %ORT & /& CONDEMN$ AS ?+S  W@5E HAVE TO \TGR[ & LEAVE BEH9D ON \R  UPW>D PA? T[>DS A FULL] SPIRITUAL LIFE4  

,IT MAY BE SAID ?AT :AT ,I HA,A'@5E BRIEFLY 9DICAT$  AS MY P]CEPTION ( ! 9EVITABLE & DESIRABLE  L9E ( HUMAN PROGRESS1 IS NOT ! RI<T L9E AT  ALL4 ,?AT ! APPLICATION ( ,*RI/'S LAW ( LOVE  9 ECONOMICS DOES NOT MAKE T[>DS ! BRO!RHOOD ( MAN1 OR ?AT1 9 SEX MATT]S1 IT DOES NOT  MAKE T[>DS *A/ITY & PURITY4 ,SOME MAY  HOLD ?AT ,*RI/'S LAW ITSELF IS ]RONE\S2 O!RS  ?AT ,*RI/ WAS WRONG 9 ATTEMPT+ TO APPLY IT  PRACTICALLY TO ! DIFF]5T PHASES ( HUMAN LIFE 2  ?AT HE %\LD NOT HAVE EXPRESS$ ANY DEF9ITE  OP9IONS ON SU* DIFFICULT QUE/IONS AS ?OSE (  PROP]TY1 LAW1 GOV]NM5T1 OR SEX2 ?AT1 9 FACT1  ! APPLICATION ( ! 0LAW ( LOVE0 -- TO SU* A  PROBLEM1 SAY1 AS L&[N+ -- %\LD NOT BE CONSID]$ 9 ADVANCE1 BUT %\LD BE LEFT1 BY EA*  9DIVIDUAL1 UNTIL ! /RESS ( EV5TS =CE HIM  TO TAKE SOME IMM$IATE P]SONAL ACTION4  

,BUT MY >GUM5T IS ?AT ?OSE :O BEHAVE 9  PROGRESS AT ALL %\LD UND]/& ?AT PROGRESS  MU/ HAVE A DIRECTION -- ! /REAM MU/ FL[  SOME:]E4 ,:AT WE NE$ IS TO DISC]N :I*  WAY IT IS FL[+1 & TO KN[ :E!R WE APPROVE OR DISAPPROVE ( ?AT DIRECTION4 ,?IS CAN  ONLY BE DONE BY UNBIASS$ FREE-?9K+4  

,MY VIEWS MAY BE ALL WRONG1 BUT !N -- ?OSE  :O C>E AB\T ! MATT] %\LD %[ ME :]E  ! ]ROR ,UES1 & CO-OP]ATE ) ME 9 SEEK+  TO DISC]N ! TRUE L9E ( HUMAN ADVANCE4 ,IF  ,*RI/'S LAW ( LOVE BE WRONG1 -- :AT IS RI<T 8  ,IF IT BE RI<T1 LET US /UDY ITS PRACTICAL APPHCATION  BO? 9 ECONOMICS & 9 SEX MATT]S4  

,SOME1 AGA91 MAY SAY ?AT ! TRUE L9E1 ON ONE  OR BO? !SE SIDES ( HF E1 IS UNDISCOV]ABLE 2 WE  MU/ WAIT & DRIFT A BIT4 ,?AT1 = ! PRES5T  AT LEA/1 ! PROBLEMS ( MORALITY >E 9SCRUTABLE4  ,WE MAY KNOCK BUT IT WILL NOT BE OP5$ UNTO  US1 WE MAY SE>* BUT %ALL NOT F9D4 ,WE >E ON  ! RIV] ( LIFE BUT MU/ NOT KN[ :E!R TO  R[ UP/REAM OR DRIFT ) ! CURR5T4  

,BUT SURELY ?IS ATTITUDE IS A FOOLI% ONE2 !  PLA9 MAN1 FAC+ ! FACTS ( LIFE HONE/LY1 FEELS  & KN[S IT TO BE FALSE4 ,LIFE IS 9DIVISIBLE1 &  LIFE IS ALWAYS 9 ! PRES5T4 ,!RE CAN BE NO  SOLUTION ( ! ECONOMIC PROBLEM )\T A  SOLUTION ( ! SEX - PROBLEM4 ,! TWO >E 9SEP>ABLY L9K$ TOGE!R 9 ! LIFE ( MAN4  ,& H[ CAN A MAN HELP TO GUIDE HIS FELL[S  UNLESS HE KN[ 9 :I* DIRECTION TO PO9T !M  ON BO? !SE ISSUES8  

,ALL :O WI% TO LEAVE ! WORLD BETT] ?AN  !Y F\ND IT1 ALL :O ?9K !Y HAVE P]CEIV$  SOME TRU?1 & HOPE TO DO SOME S]VICE1 CANNOT  ESCAPE FROM ! RESPONSIBILITY ( S]V+ 9 !  SAME >MY ) ! SA9TS1 ! PROPHETS1 &  ! M>TYRS -- I4E4 ) ?OSE TO :OM TRU? WAS  PRECI\S1 & DUTY IMP]ATIVE2 :O SAW CLE>LY  ?AT !RE IS A MORALITY EMBRAC+ ALL \R ACTIONS1  DISC]NIBLE TO MAN 9 ! PRES5T -- N[ & =  EV]4  

,LIKE !M WE MU/ P]CEIVE ?AT TRU? &  RI<T EXI/1 -- & \R E>NE/ EF=T MU/ BE ?AT  0RI<TE\SNESS %ALL FL[ D[N LIKE A RIV] &  TRU? LIKE A MI<TY /REAM40  

,! =EGO+ >TICLE APPE>$ 9 ! ,NEW ,ORD] (  
,SEPTEMB] #a#h#i#h4  

,! PLA91 UNP]V]T$ MAN NE$S NO >GUM5T TO %[  
HIM ?AT HIS SPIRIT /RIVES T[>DS GOODNESS4 ,BUT 9 !  
CONFLICT BETWE5 ,*UR* ,*RI/IANS ASS]T+ :AT IS UN-  
V]IFIABLE1 & SCI5TI/S %UTT+ FROM !IR M9DS !  
PLA9E/ FACTS ( !IR 9N] CONSCI\SNESS1 SO MANY CUL-  
TIU8$ PEOPLE BECOME P]PLEX$1 ?AT ,I HAVE ?\<T IT  
WOR? PRES]V+ ?IS PRODUCT ( MY [N W&]+S 9  
! WILD]NESS1 9 ! HOPE ?AT IT MAY BE ( USE TO SOME  
( !M4  

,NOTES 

.<#a.> 0,MOD]N ,SCI5CE -- A ,CRITICISM1'' PUBLI%$ 9 ! VOLUME ( ESSAYS 5TITL$ 0,CIVILIZATION1 ITS ,CAUSE & ,CURE40  

,FROM 3 ,>*IVE4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahig 3 ,RI<T & ,WRONG -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,AUGU/ #a#a1 #bba 3 ,RI<T & ,WRONG -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,RI<T & ,WRONG -- ,UPDAT$4 

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