,RUSSIAN ,AN>*I/S & ! ,CIVIL ,W> 

#aifh 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,AVRI* 

,TEXT 3 

,:5 ! FIR/ %OTS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,CIVIL ,W> W]E FIR$1 ! AN>*I/S1 9 COMMON ) ! O!R LEFT-W+ OPPOSITION P>TIES1 W]E FAC$ ) A S]I\S DILEMMA4 ,:I* SIDE W]E !Y TO SUPPORT8 ,AS /AUN* LIB]T>IANS1 !Y HELD NO BRIEF = ! DICTATORIAL POLICIES ( ,L59'S GOV]NM5T1 BUT ! PROSPECT ( A ,:ITE VICTORY SEEM$ EV5 WORSE4 ,ACTIVE OPPOSITION TO ! ,SOVIET REGIME MI<T TIP ! BALANCE 9 FAVOR ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 SUPPORT = ! ,BOL%EVIKS MI<T S]VE TO 5TR5* !M TOO DEEPLY TO BE \/$ FROM P[] ONCE ! DANG] ( REACTION HAD PASS$4 ,IT WAS A QU&>Y ) NO SIMPLE SOLUTIONS4 ,AFT] MU* S\L-SE>*+ & DEBATE1 ! AN>*I/S ADOPT$ A V>IETY ( POSITIONS1 RANG+ FROM ACTIVE RESI/ANCE TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS ?R\< PASSIVE NEUTRALITY TO EAG] COLLABORATION4 ,A MAJORITY1 H[EV]1 CA/ !IR LOT ) ! BELEAGU]$ ,SOVIET REGIME4 ,BY ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#i1 AT ! CLIMAX ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 ,L59 WAS IMPRESS$ ) ! ZEAL & C\RAGE ( ! 0,SOVIET AN>*I/S01 AS !IR ANTI-,BOL%EVIK COMRADES CONTEMPTU\SLY DUBB$ !M1 ?AT HE C\NT$ !M AMONG 0! MO/ D$ICAT$ SUPPORT]S ( ,SOVIET P[]40.<#a.> 

,AN \T/&+ CASE 9 PO9T WAS ,BILL ,%ATOV1 A =M] ,I,W,W AGITATOR 9 ! ,UNIT$ /ATES :O HAD RETURN$ TO HIS NATIVE ,RUSSIA AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION4 ,AS AN (FIC] 9 ! ,T5? ,R$ ,>MY DUR+ ! AUTUMN ( #a#i#a#i1 ,%ATOV ?REW HIS 5]GIES 9TO ! DEF5SE ( PETROGRAD AGA9/ ! ADVANCE ( ,G5]AL ,YUD5I*4 ,! FOLL[+ YE> HE WAS SUMMON$ TO ,*ITA TO BECOME ,M9I/] ( ,TRANSPORT 9 ! ,F> ,EA/]N ,REPUBLIC4 ,BE=E HE LEFT1 ,%ATOV TRI$ TO JU/IFY HIS COLLABORATIONI/ POSITION TO HIS FELL[ LIB]T>IANS1 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN & ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN4 0,N[ ,I JU/ WANT TO TELL Y\10 HE SAID1 0?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ /ATE 9 ACTION IS JU/ :AT WE AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS CLAIM$ IT W\LD BE -- A TI<TLY C5TRALIZ$ P[] /ILL MORE /R5G!N$ BY ! DANG]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS1 ONE CANNOT DO AS ONE WILLS4 ,ONE DOES NOT JU/ HOP ON A TRA9 & GO1 OR EV5 RIDE ! BUMP]S1 AS ,I US$ TO DO 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,ONE NE$S P]MISSION4 ,BUT DON'T GET ! IDEA ?AT ,I MISS MY ,AM]ICAN 'BLESS+S4' ,ME = ,RUSSIA1 ! ,REVOLUTION1 & ITS GLORI\S FUTURE40 ,! AN>*I/S1 SAID ,%ATOV1 W]E 0! ROMANTICI/S ( ! ,REVOLUTION10 BUT ONE C\LD NOT FI<T ) IDEALS ALONE4 ,AT ! MOM5T1 ! *IEF TASK WAS TO DEFEAT ! REACTION>IES4 0,WE AN>*I/S %\LD REMA9 TRUE TO \R IDEALS1 BUT WE %\LD NOT CRITICIZE AT ?IS TIME4 ,WE MU/ WORK & HELP TO BUILD40.<#b.> 

,%ATOV WAS ONE ( A SMALL >MY ( AN>*I/S :O TOOK UP WEAPONS AGA9/ ! ,:ITES DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,O!RS ACCEPT$ M9OR PO/S )9 ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T & URG$ !IR COMRADES TO DO LIKEWISE1 OR AT LEA/ TO REFRA9 FROM ACTIVITIES :I* W]E HO/ILE TO ! ,BOL%EVIK CAUSE4 ,YUDA ,RO%*91 A =M] ,BLACK ,BANN] T]RORI/ & AN IMPLACABLE FOE ( ! ,M>XI/S1 N[ SURPRIS$ EV]YONE BY HAIL+ ,L59 AS ONE ( ! GREAT FIGURES ( ! MOD]N AGE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,VICTOR ,S]GE1 ,RO%*9 EV5 TRI$ TO WORK \T AN 0AN>*I/ !ORY ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT40 ,SPEAK+ BE=E A GR\P ( ,MOSC[ AN>*I/S 9 #a#i#b1 HE EXHORT$ HIS COLLEAGUES TO COOP]ATE ) ,L59'S P>TY4 0,IT IS ! DUTY ( EV]Y AN>*I/10 HE DECL>$1 0TO WORK :OLE-HE>T$LY ) ! ,COMMUNI/S1 :O >E ! ADVANCE GU>D ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,LEAVE Y\R !ORIES ALONE1 & DO PRACTICAL WORK = ! RECON/RUCTION ( ,RUSSIA4 ,! NE$ IS GREAT1 & ! ,BOL%EVIKS WELCOME Y\40.<#c.> 

,BUT ,RO%*9'S LI/5]S W]E NOT IMPRESS$4 ,GREET+ HIS SPEE* ) A *ORUS ( JE]S & CATCALLS1 !Y WROTE HIM (F AS ANO!R LOSS TO 0,SOVIET AN>*ISM0 & A TRAITOR TO ! CAUSE ( ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK94 ,= EV5 9 !SE PREC>I\S CIRCUM/ANCES A L>GE & MILITANT SEGM5T ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T W\LD D5Y !IR ,BOL%EVIK ADV]S>IES ANY QU>T]4 ,! ,BRIANSK ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/S1 = EXAMPLE1 CALL$ = ! IMM$IATE OV]?R[ ( ! 0,SOCIAL ,VAMPIRES0 9 ! ,KREML9 :O SUCK$ ! BLOOD ( ! PEOPLE4 ,TRANSLAT+ ?IS APPEAL 9TO ACTION1 A T]RORI/ ORGANIZATION 9 ,MOSC[ KN[N AS ! ,UND]GR\ND ,AN>*I/S JO9$ =CES ) ! ,LEFT ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES & BOMB$ ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ,COMMITTEE1 KILL+ TWELVE ( ITS MEMB]S & W\ND+ FIFTY-FIVE O!RS1 ,BUKH>9 AMONG !M4 

,9 ! S\?1 :]E ! AU?ORITY ( ! /ATE WAS COMPLETELY DISRUPT$1 AN>*I/ VIOL5CE F\ND ITS MO/ F]TILE SOIL4 ,B&S ( >M$ M>AUD]S1 OP]AT+ UND] SU* NAMES AS 0,HURRICANE0 & 0,DEA?01 SPRANG UP 9 EV]Y QU>T]1 READY TO SWOOP D[N ON T[N OR VILLAGE :5EV] ! OPPORTUNITY PRES5T$ ITSELF4 ,! ,BAKUN9 ,P>TISANS ( ,EKAT]9OSLAV SANG ( A NEW 0]A ( DYNAMITE0 :I* W\LD GREET OPPRESSORS ( EV]Y /RIPE1 ,R$ & ,:ITE ALIKE3 

,D[N ) ! NOISE ( *UR* BELLS6 

,WE %ALL S\ND A DIFF]5T AL>M4 

,) EXPLOSIONS & GROANS 9 ! L& 

,WE %ALL BUILD \R [N H>MONY6.<#d.> 

,& 9 ,KH>KOV A FANATICAL CIRCLE ( ,AN>*O-,FUTURI/S PROCLAIM$ 0,DEA? TO WORLD CIVILIZATION60 & URG$ ! D>K MASSES TO TAKE UP !IR AXES & DE/ROY EV]Y?+ 9 SI<T4 

,AN>*I/S ( A MORE PACIFIC B5T D5\NC$ !SE GR\PS AS 0,SICILIAN B&ITS0 :O US$ ! CLOAK ( AN>*ISM TO CONCEAL ! PR$ATORY NATURE ( !IR ACTIVITIES4 ,= ! MOD]ATES1 ROBB]Y & T]RORISM W]E GROTESQUE C>ICATURES ( AN>*I/ DOCTR9ES1 :I* S]V$ ONLY TO DEMORALIZE ! MOVEM5TS TRUE ADH]5TS & TO DISCR$IT AN>*ISM 9 ! EYES ( ! PUBLIC4 ,R5\NC+ VIOL5T ACTION1 ! MILD] AN>*I/S >M$ !MSELVES ) NO?+ MORE LE?AL ?AN P5 & 9K & M\NT$ A V]BAL ATTACK ON ! ,SOVIET DICTATOR%IP4 ,A MAJOR !ME ( !IR CRITICISM WAS ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION HAD M]ELY SUB/ITUT$ 0/ATE CAPITALISM0 = PRIVATE CAPITALISM1 ?AT ONE BIG [N] HAD TAK5 ! PLACE ( MANY SMALL ONES1 SO ?AT ! PEASANTS & WORK]S N[ F\ND !MSELVES UND] ! HEEL ( A 0NEW CLASS ( ADM9I/RATORS -- A NEW CLASS BORN L>GELY FROM ! WOMB ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA40 .<#e.> ,9 !IR VIEW1 :AT HAD TAK5 PLACE 9 ,RUSSIA CLOSELY RESEMBL$ ! E>LI] REVOLUTIONS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE3 NO SOON] HAD ! OPPRESS$ F>M]S & CRAFTSM5 ( ,5GL& & ,FRANCE REMOV$ ! L&$ >I/OCRACY FROM P[] ?AN ! AMBITI\S MIDDLE CLASS /EPP$ 9TO ! BREA* & ]ECT$ A NEW CLASS /RUCTURE ) ITSELF AT ! TOP2 9 A SIMIL> MANN]1 ! PRIVILEGES & AU?ORITY ONCE %>$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN NOBILITY & B\RGEOISIE HAD PASS$ 9TO ! H&S ( A NEW RUL+ CLASS COMPOS$ ( P>TY (FICIALS1 GOV]NM5TS BUREAUCRATS1 & TE*NICAL SPECIALI/S4 

,AS ! ,CIVIL ,W> DEEP5$1 ! GOV]NM5T GREW LESS & LESS TOL]ANT ( SU* CRITICISMS & />T$ CLAMP+ D[N ON AN>*I/ GR\PS 9 ,MOSC[ & ,PETROGRAD4 ,AS A RESULT1 !RE BEGAN AN EXODUS ( AN>*I/S TO ! ,UKRA9E1 ! P]5NIAL HAV5 ( FUGITIVES FROM ! P]SECUTIONS ( ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ! CITY ( ,KH>KOV A NEW AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 ! ,NABAT ,CONF$]ATION1 SPRANG UP 9 #aiah & SOON C\LD BOA/ ( FL\RI%+ BRAN*ES 9 ALL ! MAJOR CITIES ( ! S\?4 ,AS MI<T BE EXPECT$1 ,NABAT'S ADH]5TS W]E EXTREMELY CRITICAL ( ! ,SOVIET DICTATOR%IP1 YET !Y BELIEV$ ?AT ! MO/ PRESS+ TASK ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS TO DEF5D ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! ,:ITE ONSLAU<T1 EV5 IF ?IS %\LD MEAN A TEMPOR>Y ALLIANCE ) ! ,COMMUNI/S4 ,TO SAVE ! REVOLUTION !Y P9N$ !IR HOPES ON A 0P>TISAN >MY0 ORGANIZ$ SPONTANE\SLY BY ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES !MSELVES4 

,AS ! MO/ LIKELY NUCLEUS ( SU* AN >MY ! ,NABAT LEAD]S LOOK$ TO ! GU]RILLA B& L$ BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 :OSE FOLL[]S REG>D$ HIM AS A NEW ,/5KA ,RAZ9 OR ,PUGA*EV S5T TO REALIZE !IR ANCI5T DREAM ( L& & LIB]TY4 ,TRAVEL+ ON HORSEBACK & 9 LI<T PEASANT C>TS 7TA*ANKI7 ON :I* MA*9E GUNS W]E M\NT$1 ,MAKHNO & HIS M5 MOV$ SWIFTLY BACK & =? ACROSS ! OP5 /EPPE BETWE5 ! ,DNIEP] & ! ,SEA ( ,AZOV1 SWELL+ 9TO A SMALL >MY AS !Y W5T & 9SPIR+ T]ROR 9 ! HE>TS ( !IR ADV]S>IES4 ,HI!RTO 9DEP5D5T GU]RILLA B&S ACCEPT$ ,MAKHNO'S COMM& & RALLI$ TO HIS BLACK BANN]4 ,VILLAG]S WILL+LY PROVID$ FOOD & FRE% HORSES1 5ABL+ ! ,MAKHNOVTSY TO TRAVEL LONG DI/ANCES ) LITLE DIFFICULTY4 ,SUDD5LY !Y W\LD TURN UP :]E LEA/ EXPECT$1 ATTACK ! G5TRY & MILIT>Y G>RISONS1 !N VANI% AS QUICKLY AS !Y HAD COME4 ,9 CAPTUR$ UNI=MS !Y 9FILTRAT$ ! 5EMY'S RANKS TO LE>N !IR PLANS OR TO FIRE ON !M AT PO9T-BLANK RANGE4 ,:5 CORN]$1 ! ,MAKHNOVTSY W\LD BURY !IR WEAPONS1 MAKE !IR WAY S+LY BACK TO !IR VILLAGES1 & TAKE UP WORK 9 ! FIELDS1 AWAIT+ ! NEXT SIGNAL TO UNE>? A NEW CA*E ( >MS & SPR+ UP AGA9 9 AN UNEXPECT$ QU>T]4 ,MAKHNO'S 9SURG5TS1 9 ! WORDS ( ,VICTOR ,S]GE1 REVEAL$ 0A TRULY EPIC CAPACITY = ORGANIZATION & COMBAT40.<#f.> ,YET !Y [$ MU* ( !IR SUCCESS TO ! EXCEPTIONAL QUALITIES ( !IR LEAD]4 ,MAKHNO WAS A BOLD & RES\RCEFUL COMM&] :O COMB9$ AN IRON WILL ) A QUICK S5SE ( HUMOR & WON ! LOVE & DEVOTION ( HIS PEASANT FOLL[]S4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#a#h1 :5 HE DEFEAT$ A MU* SUP]IOR =CE ( ,AU/RIANS AT ! VILLAGE ( ,DIBRIVKI1 HIS M5 BE/[$ ON HIM ! AFFECTIONATE TITLE ( BATKO1 !IR 0LITTLE FA!R40.<#g.> 

,= A TIME1 ,MAKHNO'S DEAL+S ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS REMA9$ REASONABLY FRI5DLY1 & ! ,SOVIET PRESS EXTOLL$ HIM AS A 0C\RAGE\S P>TISAN0 & A GREAT REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]4 ,RELATIONS W]E AT !IR BE/ 9 M>* #a#i#a#i1 :5 ,MAKHNO & ! ,COMMUNI/S CONCLUD$ A PACT = JO9T MILIT>Y ACTION AGA9/ ! ,:ITE ,>MY ( ,G5]AL ,D5IK94 ,SU* GE/URES ( H>MONY1 H[EV]1 C\LD NOT CONCEAL ! BASIC HO/ILITY BETWE5 ! TWO GR\PS4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S HAD LITTLE TA/E = ! AUTONOM\S /ATUS ( ,MAKHNO'S ,9SURG5T ,>MY OR = ! P[]FUL ATTRACTION :I* IT EX]T$ ON !IR [N PEASANT RECRUITS2 ! ,MAKHNOVTSY1 ON !IR SIDE1 FE>$ ?AT SOON] OR LAT] ! ,R$ ,>MY W\LD ATTEMPT TO BR+ !IR MOVEM5T TO HEEL4 ,AS FRICTION 9CREAS$1 ! ,SOVIET NEWSPAP]S AB&ON$ !IR EULOGIES ( ! ,MAKHNOVTSY & BEGAN TO ATTACK !M AS 0KULAKS0 & 0,AN>*O-,B&ITS40 ,9 ,MAY1 TWO ,*EKA AG5TS S5T TO ASSASS9ATE ,MAKHNO W]E CAU<T & EXECUT$4 ,! FOLL[+ MON? ,TROTSKY1 ,COMM&]-9-,*IEF ( ! ,BOL%EVIK =CES1 \TLAW$ ,MAKHNO1 & ,COMMUNI/ TROOPS C>RI$ \T A LI<TN+ RAID ON HIS HEADQU>T]S AT ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 

,?AT SUMM]1 H[EV]1 ! %AKY ALLIANCE WAS HA/ILY RESUM$ :5 ,D5IK9'S MASSIVE DRIVE T[>D ,MOSC[ S5T BO? ! ,COMMUNI/S & ! ,MAKHNOVTSY4 ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#f1 #a#i#a#i1 ,MAKHNO SUDD5LY LAUN*$ A SUCCESSFUL C\NT]-ATTACK AT ! VILLAGE ( ,P]EGONOVKA1 NE> ! T[N ( ,UMAN1 CUTT+ ! ,:ITE ,G5]AL'S SUPPLY L9ES & CREAT+ PANIC & DISORD] 9 HIS RE>4 ,?IS WAS ,D5IK9'S FIR/ S]I\S REV]SE 9 HIS DRAMATIC ADVANCE 9TO ! ,RUSSIAN HE>TL& & A MAJOR FACTOR 9 HALT+ HIS DRIVE T[>D ! ,BOL%EVIK CAPITAL4 ,BY ! 5D ( ! YE> A C\NT]-(F5SIVE BY ! ,R$ ,>MY HAD =C$ ,D5IK9 TO BEAT A SWIFT RETREAT TO ! %ORES ( ! ,BLACK ,SEA4 

,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A REA*$ ITS CRE/ 9 ! MON?S FOLL[+ ! VICTORY AT ,P]EGONOVKA4 ,DUR+ ,OCTOB] & ,NOVEMB]1 ,MAKHNO OCCUPI$ ,EKAT]9OSLAV & ,ALEKS&ROVSK = SEV]AL WEEKS & ?US OBTA9$ HIS FIR/ *ANCE TO APPLY ! CONCEPTS ( AN>*ISM TO CITY LIFE4 ,MAKHNO'S AIM WAS TO ?R[ (F DOM9ATION ( EV]Y TYPE & TO 5C\RAGE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SELF-DET]M9ATION4 ,?US1 :5 ! RAILROAD WORK]S ( ,ALEKS&ROVSK COMPLA9$ ?AT !Y HAD NOT BE5 PAID = MANY WEEKS1 HE ADVIS$ !M TO TAKE CONTROL ( ! RAILWAY L9ES & *>GE ! PASS5G]S & FREI<T %IPP]S :AT SEEM$ A FAIR PRICE = !IR S]VICES4 ,SU* UTOPIAN PROJECTS1 H[EV]1 FAIL$ TO W9 OV] MORE ?AN A SMALL M9ORITY ( WORK+M51 =1 UNLIKE ! F>M]S & >TISANS ( ! VILLAGE1 :O W]E 9DEP5D5T PRODUC]S ACCU/OM$ TO MANAG+ !IR [N AFFAIRS1 FACTORY WORK]S & M9]S OP]AT$ AS 9T]DEP5D5T P>TS ( A COMPLICAT$ 9DU/RIAL MA*9E & W]E LO/ )\T ! GUIDANCE ( SUP]VISORS & TE*NICAL SPECIALI/S4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! PEASANTS & >TISANS C\LD B>T] ! PRODUCTS ( !IR LABOR1 :]EAS ! URBAN WORK]S DEP5D$ ON REGUL> WAGES = !IR SURVIVAL4 ,MAKHNO1 MOREOV]1 COMP\ND$ ! CONFUSION :5 HE RECOGNIZ$ ALL PAP] MONEY ISSU$ BY HIS PR$ECESSORS -- ,UKRA9IAN NATIONALI/S1 ,:ITES1 & ,BOL%EVIKS ALIKE4 ,HE NEV] UND]/OOD ! COMPLEXITIES ( AN URBAN ECONOMY1 NOT DID HE C>E TO UND]/& !M4 ,HE DETE/$ ! 0POISON0 ( ! CITIES & *]I%$ ! NATURAL SIMPLICITY ( ! PEASANT 5VIRONM5T 9TO :I* HE HAD BE5 BORN4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ,MAKHNO F\ND V]Y LITTLE TIME TO IMPLEM5T HIS ILL-DEF9$ ECONOMIC PROGRAMS4 ,HE WAS =EV] ON ! MOVE1 R>ELY PAUS+ EV5 TO CAT* HIS BREA?4 ,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 ON ! WORDS ( ONE ( ! BATKO'S ASSOCIATES1 WAS A 0REPUBLIC ON TA*ANKI 4444 ,AS ALWAYS1 ! 9/ABILITY ( ! SITUATION PREV5T$ POSITIVE WORK10.<#h.> 

,AT ! 5D ( #a#i#a#i1 ,MAKHNO RECEIV$ 9/RUCTIONS FROM ! ,R$ ,COMM& TO TRANSF] HIS >MY =?) TO ! ,POLI% FRONT4 ,! ORD] WAS PLA9LY DESIGN$ TO DRAW ! ,MAKHNOVTSY AWAY FROM !IR HOME T]RITORY & ?US LEAVE IT OP5 TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ,BOL%EVIK RULE4 ,MAKHNO REFUS$ TO BUDGE4 ,TROTSKY'S RESPONSE WAS FIRM & UNHESITAT+3 HE \TLAW$ ! ,MAKHNOVTSY & S5T HIS TROOPS AGA9/ !M4 ,!RE 5SU$ EI<T MON?S ( BITT] /RUGGLE ) LOSSES HI< ON BO? SIDES4 ,A SEV]E TYPHUS EPIDEMIC AUGM5T$ ! TOLL ( VICTIMS4 ,BADLY \TNUMB]$1 ,MAKHNO'S P>TISANS AVOID$ PIT*$ BATTLES & RELI$ ON ! GU]RILLA TACTICS !Y HAD P]FECT$ 9 MORE ?AN TWO YE>S ( ,CIVIL ,W>4 

,HO/ILITIES W]E BROK5 (F 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#b1 :5 ,B>ON ,WRANGEL1 ,D5IK9'S SUCCESSOR 9 ! S\?1 LAUN*$ A MAJOR (F5SIVE1 /RIK+ NOR?W>D FROM ! ,CRIMEAN P59SULA4 ,ONCE MORE ! ,R$ ,>MY 5LI/$ ,MAKHNO'S AID1 9 RETURN = :I* ! ,COMMUNI/S AGRE$ TO AMNE/Y = ALL AN>*I/S 9 ,RUSSIAN PRISONS & GU>ANTE$ ! AN>*I/S FRE$OM ( PROPAG&A ON CONDITION ?AT !Y REFRA9 FROM CALL+ = ! VIOL5T OV]?R[ ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T4 ,B>ELY A MON? LAT]1 H[EV]1 ! ,R$ ,>MY HAD MADE SUFFICI5T GA9S TO ASSURE VICTORY 9 ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 & ! ,SOVIET LEAD]S TORE UP !IR AGREEM5T ) ,MAKHNO4 ,NOT ONLY HAD ! ,MAKHNOVTSY \TLIV$ !IR USEFULNESS AS A MILIT>Y P>TN]1 BUT AS LONG AS ! BATKO WAS LEFT AT L>GE ! SPIRIT ( PRIMITIVE AN>*ISM & ! DANG] ( A PEASANT JACQU]IE W\LD REMA9 TO HAUNT ! UN/EADY ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 ,?US1 ON ,NOVEMB] #b#e1 #a#i#b1 ,MAKHNO'S COMM&]S 9 ! ,CRIMEA1 FRE% FROM !IR VICTORIES OV] ,WRANGEL'S >MY1 W]E SEIZ$ BY ! ,R$ ,>MY & IMM$IATELY %OT4 ,! NEXT DAY ,TROTSKY ORD]$ AN ATTACK ON ,MAKHNO'S HEADQU>T]S 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 :ILE ! ,*EKA SIMULTANE\SLY >RE/$ ! MEMB]S ( ! ,NABAT ,CONF$]ATION 9 ,KH>KOV & C>RI$ \T RAIDS ON AN>*I/ CLUBS & ORGANIZATIONS ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 ,DUR+ ! ATTACK ON ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 MO/ ( ,MAKHNO'S /AFF W]E CAPTUR$ & IMPRISON$ OR SIMPLY %OT ON ! SPOT4 ,! BATKO HIMSELF1 H[EV]1 TOGE!R ) A BATT]$ REMNANT ( AN >MY :I* HAD ONCE NUMB]$ 9 ! T5S ( ?\S&S1 MANAG$ TO ELUDE HIS PURSU]S4 ,AFT] W&]+ OV] ! ,UKRA9E = ! BETT] P>T ( A YE>1 ! P>TISAN LEAD]1 EXHAU/$ & /ILL SUFF]+ FROM UNHEAL$ W\NDS1 CROSS$ ! ,DNIE/] ,RIV] 9TO ,RUMANIA & EV5TUALLY F\ND HIS WAY TO ,P>IS4 

,! D[NFALL ( ,MAKHNO M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( ! 5D = ,RUSSIAN AN>*ISM4 ,?REE MON?S LAT]1 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#a1 ! MOVEM5T SUFF]$ ANO!R MAJOR BL[ :5 ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 NE>LY EI<TY YE>S OLD1 FELL ILL ) PNEUMONIA & DI$4 ,KROPOTK9'S FAMILY DECL9$ ,L59'S (F] ( A /ATE BURIAL1 & A COMMITTEE ( AN>*I/S WAS SET UP TO >RANGE A FUN]AL4 ,LEV ,KAM5EV1 ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,MOSC[ ,SOVIET1 ALL[$ A H&FUL ( IMPRISON$ AN>*I/S A DAY'S LIB]TY TO TAKE P>T 9 ! PROCESSION4 ,BRAV+ ! BITT] COLD ( ! ,MOSC[ W9T]1 #b1 M>*$ 9 ! CORTEGE TO ! ,NOVODEVI*II ,MONA/]Y1 ! BURIAL PLACE ( ,KROPOTK9'S PR9CELY ANCE/ORS4 ,!Y C>RI$ PLAC>DS & BLACK BANN]S BE>+ DEM&S = ! RELEASE ( ALL AN>*I/S FROM PRISON & SU* MOTTOES AS 0,:]E !RE IS AU?ORITY !RE IS NO FRE$OM0 & 0,! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS ! TASK ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES40 ,A *ORUS *ANT$ ,ET]NAL ,MEMORY4 ,AS ! PROCESSION PASS$ ! ,BUTYRKI PRISON1 9MATES %OOK ! B>S ON !IR W9D[S & SANG AN AN>*I/ HYMN TO ! DEAD4 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN SPOKE AT ,KROPOTK9'S GRAVESIDE1 & /UD5TS & WORK]S PLAC$ FL[]S BY HIS TOMB4 ,KROPOTK9'S BIR?PLACE1 A L>GE H\SE 9 ! OLD >I/OCRATIC QU>T] ( ,MOSC[1 WAS TURN$ OV] TO HIS WIFE & COMRADES TO BE US$ AS A MUSEUM = HIS BOOKS1 PAP]S1 & P]SONAL BELONG+S4 ,SUP]VIS$ BY A COMMITTEE ( S*OL>LY AN>*I/S1 IT WAS MA9TA9$ BY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM FRI5DS & ADMIR]S ?R\<\T ! WORLD4.<#i.> 

,AT ,KROPOTK9'S FUN]AL ! BLACK FLAG ( AN>*ISM WAS P>AD$ ?R\< ,MOSC[ = ! LA/ TIME4 ,TWO WEEKS LAT] ! ,KRON/ADT REBELLION BROKE \T1 & A NEW WAVE ( POLITICAL >RE/S SWEPT ! C\NTRY4 ,AN>*I/ BOOK /ORES1 PR9T+ (FICES1 & CLUBS W]E CLOS$ & ! FEW REMA9+ AN>*I/ CIRCLES BROK5 UP4 ,EV5 ! PACIFI/ FOLL[]S ( ,TOL/OY -- A NUMB] ( :OM HAD BE5 %OT DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W> = REFUS+ TO S]VE 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY -- W]E IMPRISON$ OR BANI%$4 ,9 ,MOSC[ A CIRCLE ( LEAD+ 0,SOVIET AN>*I/S0 KN[N AS ! ,UNIV]SALI/S W]E >RE/$ ON TRUMP$-UP *>GES ( 0B&ITRY & UND]GR\ND ACTIVITIES10 & !IR ORGANIZATION WAS REPLAC$ BY A NEW GR\P CALL$ ! 0,AN>*O-,BIOCOSMI/S10 :O PL$G$ UNWAV]+ SUPPORT ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T & SOLEMNLY DECL>$ !IR 9T5TION TO LAUN* A SOCIAL REVOLUTION 09 9T]PLANET>Y SPACE BUT NOT UPON ,SOVIET T]RITORY40.<#a.> 

,REPRESSION CONT9U$ UNABAT$ AS ! MON?S ADVANC$4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b#a1 ! ,*EKA EXECUT$ TWO WELL-KN[N AN>*I/S )\T A TRIAL & )\T BR++ =MAL *>GES AGA9/ !M4 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN WAS SO \TRAG$ ?AT %E CONSID]$ MAK+ A SC5E 9 ! MANN] ( ! ,5GLI% SUFFRAGETTES BY *A9+ H]SELF TO A B5* 9 ! HALL :]E ! ,?IRD ,COM9T]N ,CONGRESS WAS MEET+ & %\T+ H] PROTE/S TO ! DELEGATES4 ,%E WAS DISSUAD$ FROM DO+ SO BY H] ,RUSSIAN FRI5DS1 BUT SOON AFT]W>DS %E & ,B]KMAN1 PR(\NDLY DI%E>T5$ BY ! TURN ! REVOLUTION HAD TAK51 MADE UP !IR M9DS TO LEAVE ! C\NTRY4 0,GRAY >E ! PASS+ DAYS10 ,B]KMAN RECORD$ 9 HIS DI>Y4 0,ONE BY ONE ! EMB]S ( HOPE HAVE DI$ \T4 ,T]ROR & DESPOTISM HAVE CRU%$ ! LIFE BORN 9 ,OCTOB]4 ,! SLOGANS ( ! ,REVOLUTION >E =SWORN1 ITS IDEALS /IFL$ 9 ! BLOOD ( ! PEOPLE4 ,! BREA? ( YE/]DAY IS DOOM+ MILLIONS TO DEA?2 ! %AD[ ( TODAY HANGS LIKE A BLACK PALL OV] ! C\NTRY4 ,DICTATOR%IP IS TRAMPL+ ! MASSES UND] FOOT4 ,! ,REVOLUTION IS DEAD2 ITS SPIRIT CRIES 9 ! WILD]NESS 4444 ,I HAVE DECID$ TO LEAVE ,RUSSIA40.<#a#a.> 

  

.<#a.> ,V4,I4 ,L591 ,SO*95IIA1 #bND $41 #ca VOLS41 ,MOSC[1 #a#i#c#a-#a#i#c#e1 ,X,X,I,V1 #d#c#g4 

.<#b.> ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#a1 P4#g#b#i2 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,MY? 7,DI>Y #a#i#b-#a#i#b#b71 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#b#e1 PP4#c#e-#c#f4 

.<#c.> ,VICTOR ,S]GE1 ,MEMOIRES D'UN REVOLUTIONNAIRE1 ,P>IS1 #a#i#e#a1 P4#a#c#d2 ,B]KMAN1 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,MY?1 P4#f#h4 

.<#d.> ,M4,N4 ,*UDNOV1 ,POD *]NYM ZNAM5EM 7ZAPISKI AN>KHI/A71 ,MOSC[1 #a#i#c1 PP4#e#cFF4 

.<#e.> ,VOL'NYI ,GOLOS ,TRUDA1 ,SEPTEMB] #a#f1 #a#i#a#h4 

.<#f.> ,S]GE1 ,MEMOIRES D'UN REVOLUTIONNAIRE1 P4#a#c#e4 

.<#g.> ,P4 ,>%9OV1 ,I/ORIIA MAKHNOVSKOGO DVIZH5IIA 7#a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a GG471 ,B]L91 #a#i#b#c1 PP4#e#g-#e#h4 

.<#h.> ,VOL9E1 ,LA REVOLUTION 9CONNUE 7#a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#a71 ,P>IS1 #a#i#d#c1 PP4#e#g#h1 #f#c4 

.<#i.> ,! MUSEUM WAS CLOS$ AFT] ! DEA? ( ,KROPOTK9'S WID[ 9 #a#i#c#h4 ,9 #a#i#f#g1 ! AU?OR VISIT$ ! H\SE & F\ND IT BE+ US$ = A PURPOSE ( :I* ,KROPOTK9 HIMSELF W\LD SURELY HAVE APPROV$3 IT S]VES AS A S*OOL = ,BRITI% & ,AM]ICAN EMBASSY *ILDR51 ) A PLAYGR\ND 9 ! G>D5 & AN 9T]IOR FILL$ ) *ILDR5'S BOOKS & >T WORK4 

.<#a.> ,G4,P4 ,MAXIM(F1 ,! ,GUILLOT9E AT ,WORK1 ,*ICAGO1 #a#i#d1 P4#c#f#b4 

.<#a#a.> ,B]KMAN1 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,MY?1 P4#c#a#i4 

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