,RUSSIAN ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION 

#aice 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GRIGORI ,PETROVIT* ,MAXIM(F 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY KRIS KRUG1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE  
,CYNICISM AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ( *ANGE1 ( CREAT+ A REVOLUTION 9 \R EV]YDAY LIVES IS COMMON N[ & ONE ( ! BIGGE/ OB/ACLES ?AT AN>*I/S HAVE TO FI<T4 ,! ,/ATE ,COMMUNI/ BUREAUCRACY 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION DE/ROY$ ! POSSIBILITY ( TRUE FRE$OM & LIB]TY & WE W\LD DO WELL TO REM9D \RSELVES JU/ H[ P]CEPTIVE AN>*I/ CRITICISMS ( ?IS MONOLI? W]E4 ,MAXIM(F'S >TICLE IS PUNG5T & PRECISE 9 ITS CRITIQUE ) HIS F9AL P>AGRAPH SADLY NOT YET REALIZ$4 #fc YE>S ON & /ILL A LOT TO DO6 

,UNTIL REC5TLY IT WAS HELD ?AT ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ( #a#g#h#i-#i#c GAVE US A CLASSICAL EXAMPLE ( REVOLUTION & C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,EV5 N[ MANY >E ( ! OP9ION ?AT ! P]IOD ( ! ,JACOB9 RULE WAS A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 NOT)/&+ ! S]IES ( C\NT]- REVOLUTION>Y MEASURES ADOPT$ BY ! ,CONV5T1 & ?AT ! FALL ( ! ,JACOB9S SIGNIFI$ ! BEG9N+ ( ! C\NT]- REVOLUTION4 ,H5CE1 IT IS 9F]R$ ?AT !RE CAN BE NO C\NT]-REVOLUTION AS LONG AS ! P>TY BR\<T =W>D BY ! REVOLUTION IS /ILL 9 P[]4 ,C\NT]-REVOLUTION SETS 91 WE >E TOLD1 ) ! D[NFALL ( ! P>TY & ! CLASS LEAD+ ! REVOLUTION1 ) ! TRIUMPH ( A MORE MOD]ATE P>TY1 ) ! LIQUIDATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S4 ,& ! LATT] IS G5]ALLY ASSOCIAT$ ) ! D[NFALL ( ! RUL+ P>TY SU* AS ! OV]?R[ ( ! ,JACOB9 RULE4 

,?IS \TDAT$ Y>D/ICK IS /ILL BE+ APPLI$ TO ! EVALUATION ( ! TR5DS & T5D5CIES ( ,RUSSIAN LIFE4 ,! /ATE SOCIALI/S1 ! 0LE>N$0 LIB]AL PR(ESSORS & JU/ PLA9 0$UCAT$0 PEOPLE1 ?\< %>PLY OPPOS$ TO BOL%EVISM1 HOLD ?AT A REVOLUTION IS /ILL TAK+ PLACE 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,?9K+ BY M]E ANALOGY ) ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 !Y DO NOT WANT TO ADMIT ! IDEA ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY CAN BE TRANS=M$ 9TO A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ONE4 ,!Y BELIEVE ?AT ! SO-CALL$ 0EXCESSES ( ! BOL%EVIK POLICIES0 >E DUE TO ! DIFFICULTIES 9CID5TAL 9 ! BUILD+ UP ( SOCIALISM1 ?AT 9 ! LONG RUN !Y MAY SL[ D[N ! TEMPO ( ! REVOLUTION BUT NOT /OP IT ALTOGE!R4 ,IT IS ?IS FALLACY ?AT IS BE+ EXPOS$ SO RAPIDLY BY ! M>* ( EV5TS 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA ?AT V]Y SOON ONLY SIMPLE M9D$ PEOPLE WILL ADH]E TO IT4 

,=1 :AT IS A REVOLUTION8 ,A REVOLUTION IS ! OV]?R[ ( ! EXI/+ POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ORD] BAS$ UPON EXPLOITATION4 ,IT MEANS ! BUILD+ UP ( A NEW ORD] :I* RAISES TO ! HI<E/ LEVEL ! WELF>E ( ! GREAT MASSES ( PEOPLE1 :I* GIVES ! UTMO/ EXT5SION ( HUMAN RI<TS & FRE$OM1 :I* SUB/ITUTES = ! MA/] MORALITY ( ! *UR* & /ATE ONE ?AT IS BAS$ UPON FRE$OM1 EQUALITY & SOLID>ITY4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AT ITS BEG9N+ WAS A REVOLUTION 9 ?AT S5SE4 ,9 ! YE> #a#i#a#g-#a#h ,RUSSIA WAS ! FREE/ C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD4 ,FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 PRESS1 ASSEMBLY1 PROPAG&A1 FRE$OM 9 ! FIELD ( SCI5TIFIC RESE>*1 $UCATION1 9DIVIDUAL SELF-ASS]TION- !RE WAS UNLIMIT$ FRE$OM 9 ALMO/ EV]Y DOMA9 ( LIFE4 ,SPONTANE\S ACTIVITY & FREE 9ITIATIVE TOOK ! PLACE ( LAW2 LOCAL SELF-GOV]NM5T FL\RI%$ 9 ! =M ( ,SOVIETS1 ! /ATE AS REPRES5T$ BY APPO9T$ (FICIALDOM WAS VANI%+ LIKE SMOKE4 

,ECONOMIC SLAV]Y WAS TOPPL+ D[N3 CAPITALISM WAS BE+ DE/ROY$1 BE+ GRADUALLY REPLAC$ BY ! ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY 9 ! 9T]E/S ( CONSUM]S4 ,WORK]S BECAME ACTIVE P>TICIPANTS ( ! 9DU/RIAL PROCESS2 ECONOMIC LIFE1 REPRES5T$ BY FACTORY COMMITTEES & SIMIL> ORGANIZATIONS1 WAS %AP+ ITSELF ALONG ! L9E ( FREE 9DU/RIAL F$]ATIONS1 ALONG ! L9ES ( A NATIONAL COMMUNE ( PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S4 

,SU* W]E ! GREAT UNDY+ CONQUE/S ( ?AT G5U9ELY REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD4 ,BUT :AT IS C\NT]-REVOLUTION8 

,IS IT JU/ ! ATTEMPT TO BR+ ! C\NTRY BACK TO ! PRE- REVOLUTION>Y /ATE1 TO RE/ORE ! PRIVILEGES ( ! OLD CLASSES & P>TIES8 ,SU* IS ! CLASSICAL DEF9ITION ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 BUT IT IS NOT A FULL OR PRECISE DEF9ITION S9CE 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA WE HAVE NO REVOLUTION AGA9/ REVOLUTION1 NO RE/ORATION ( ! P[] ( =M] CLASSES & P>TIES4 ,& NEV]!LESS WE HAVE !RE A REAL C\NT]- REVOLUTION4 

,9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA ALL LIB]TIES HAVE BE5 WIP$ \T4 ,! DEF5D]S ( FRE$OM >E BE+ EXIL$1 IMPRISON$ & EV5 EXECUT$4 ,LOCAL SELF- GOV]NM5T HAS BE5 DONE AWAY )4 ,! >BITR>Y RULE ( ! 0BUREAUCRAT0 IS AGA9 RE/OR$ TO LIFE4 ,:AT ( ! PASSPORT SY/EM 9TRODUC$ BY WAY ( COPY+ ! OLD SY/EM ( POLICE RULE & REGIM5TATION8 ,:AT ( ! BAN PLAC$ UPON ANY SORT ( POLITICAL ACTIVITY DIGRESS+ FROM 0! G5]AL L9E0 ( ! DICTATOR1 ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,SOCIETY ( ,OLD ,BOL%EVIKS1 ! IMPRISONM5T ( \T/&+ MEMB]S ( ! P>TY = ! SLI<TE/ MANIFE/ATION ( 9DEP5D5CE ( ?\<T8 ,ISN'T ?AT C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ! REAL S5SE ( ! WORD8 

,9 NO O!R C\NTRY IS ! DEA? P5ALTY APPLI$ AS WIDELY AS 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA3 L>C5Y1 EMBEZZLEM5T1 GRAFT1 ?UGG]Y -- ORD9>Y CRIMES >E PUNI%$ ) M$IEVAL CRUELTY4 ,EV5 *ILDR5 >E NOT EXEMPT FROM ! APPLICATION ( ! HI<E/ P5ALTY4 ,ISN'T ?AT C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ITS MO/ NAK$ =M8 

,9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA 9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY GAVE WAY TO A HI]>*Y MODEL$ ON ! TYPE ( CAPITALI/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,A NEW PRIVILEG$ RUL+ CLASS CAME TO LIFE- A BUREAUCRACY :I*1 NOT HAV+ PROP]TY ( ITS [N1 HAS ! UN*ECK$ CONTROL ( MANAGEM5T 9 ITS H&S4 

,ALL ?AT IS ! V]Y ESS5CE ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 AL?\< IT H>DLY FITS ! CLASSICAL DEF9ITION !RE(4 ,WE HAVE H]E A NEW FEATURE3 A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY CRY/ALLIZ+ 9TO A BUREAUCRATIC CLASS4 ,:ILE PAY+ LIP S]VICE TO REVOLUTION>Y SLOGANS1 ! NEWLY =M$ CLASS GRADUALLY 5TR5*ES ITS CLASS FUNCTIONS1 ITS RULE & PRIVILEGES4 

,ALL ?AT IS NOT JU/ A M]E 9CID5T 9 ! M>* ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,SU* DI/ORTIONS ( ! REVOLUTION1 PRODUC+ AS !Y DID 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA A VICI\S =M ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 >E NOT ROOT$ 9 0HI/ORIC NECESSITY01 BUT 9 ! V]Y CONCEPT ( /ATE SOCIALISM1 & ESPECIALLY ( DICTATORIAL M>XISM4 ,TO UPHOLD DICTATOR%IP IS TO BE AGA9/ REVOLUTION1 AGA9/ FRE$OM1 AGA9/ HUMAN PROGRESS4 

,! PROCESS ( DISILLUSIONM5T 9 RESPECT TO ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 SO MU* 9 EVID5CE ON ! P>T ( MANY AN HONE/ REVOLUTIONI/1 IS BUT 9 ITS BEG9N+S4 ,SOON IT WILL GR[ 9TO A P[]FUL TIDE DIRECT$ T[>D NEW AIMS & OBJECTIVES4 ,?OSE WILL BE ! AIMS ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 ! AIMS ( A NEW MOVEM5T1 REVIV+ ! HOPES ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT & LEAD+ TO A RESOLUTE /RUGGLE AGA9/ DICTATOR%IPS ( ALL V>IETY- R$1 BLACK OR BR[N -- & = ! FULLE/ FRE$OM BAS$ ON ECONOMIC EQUALITY4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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