,RUSSIAN ,S*OOLS & ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD 

#aib 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TAGS 3 M9I/RY ( PUBLIC1 NOR? AM]ICAN REVIEW1 HOLY SYNOD1 PUBLIC 9/RUCTION1 PRIM>Y S*OOLS1 READ+ S*OOLS1 NOR? AM]ICAN REVIEW1 POPUL> $UCATION1 VILLAGE CL]GY1 TEA*+ /AFF4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY KIM1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,IF ! ,SEPTEMB] NUMB] ( ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,REVIEW1 :I* CONTA9$ A REJO9D] BY ! PROCURATOR ( ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD TO MY >TICLE ON 0,! ,PRES5T ,CRISIS 9 ,RUSSIA10 7,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,REVIEW1 ,MAY1 #a#i#a7 WAS ALL[$ TO 5T] ,RUSSIA1 MY COMPATRIOTS WILL SURELY FEEL MO/ GRATEFUL TO ! $ITOR = HAV+ OBTA9$ ?AT REJO9D]4 ,= NE>LY TW5TY YE>S1 ALMO/ EV]Y PAP] & REVIEW 9 ,RUSSIA1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! SUBSIDIZ$ ,MOSC[ ,GAZETTE & ,! ,RUSSIAN ,MESS5G]1 HAS BE5 BITT]LY CRITICIZ+ BO? ! SY/EM ( S*OOLS 9AUGURAT$ BY ! PROCURATOR & ! HI<LY-COLOR$ REPORTS AB\T !M :I* HAVE BE5 MADE EV]Y YE> TO ! ,EMP]OR4 ,!SE PAP]S HAVE RECEIV$ 0W>N+S0 -- ?REE W>N+S MEAN+ ! SUPPRESSION ( ! PAP]2 BUT !IR CRITICISMS HAVE NEV] BE5 ANSW]$4 ,IT IS N[ = ! FIR/ TIME ?AT ! PROCURATOR CONDESC5DS TO SPEAK ON T]MS ( EQUALITY ) ONE ( HIS CRITICS4  

 ,I MAY PO9T \T ?AT ,K4 ,POB$ONO/SEV DOES NOT CONTRADICT ! /ATEM5TS ( FACT1 :I* ,I MADE 9 !SE PAGES1 CONC]N+ ! ORIG9 ( ! /UD5TS' DI/URBANCES & ! EV5TS CONNECT$ ) !M4 ,MY ACC\NT MAY BE TAK51 !RE=E1 AS SUB/ANTIALLY CORRECT4 ,! REPORT :I* NOBODY 9 ,AM]ICA WI%$ TO BELIEVE -- NAMELY1 ?AT A L>GE NUMB] ( /UD5TS HAD BE5 S5T TO ! >MY1 M]ELY = HAV+ HELD /UD5TS' MEET+S1 IS ?US CONFIRM$ BY ! PROCURATOR4 ,NOR DOES HE OBJECT TO MY /RONG CONDEMNATION ( ! GOV]NM5T'S POLICY 9 ?IS CASE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 HE MILDLY CORROBORATES MY VIEWS 9 ! FOLL[+ S5T5CE3  

 0,:AT IS UN=TUNATELY TRUE IS1 ?AT ! MEASURE 9 QUE/ION WAS APPLI$ AT ONCE TO ONE HUNDR$ & EI<TY /UD5TS1 :I* GAVE IT A PECULI>LY RIGOR\S *>ACT]2 :]EAS ! LAW WAS MEANT TO APPLY ONLY TO A FEW EXCEPTIONAL CASES40  

 ,! PROCURATOR ( ! ,SYNOD DISPUTES ONLY ! P>T :I* ,I ASCRIB$ 9 ?IS MEASURE TO ! ,EMP]OR & TO HIMSELF2 BUT ( ?IS MORE WILL BE SAID PRES5TLY4  

 ,= EV]Y ,RUSSIAN1 ! MA9 PO9T ( 9T]E/ 9 ,K4 ,POB$ONO/SEV'S REPLY IS HIS TREATM5T ( ! GREAT QUE/ION ( POPUL> $UCATION4 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+1 P]HAPS1 ?AT HE %\LD REPRES5T REFUGEES AS BE+ IGNORANT ( ,RUSSIA & UNABLE TO UND]/& !IR MO!R C\NTRY4 ,BUT :E!R ,K4 ,POB$ONO/SEV OR MYSELF KN[S ,RUSSIA BE/1 IS1 ,I BELIEVE A MATT] ( LITTLE 9T]E/4 ,AS TO :I* ( US1 9 WRIT+ AB\T ,RUSSIA = WE/]N READ]S1 IS MORE RELIABLE1 ?AT IS ANO!R QUE/ION :I* CAN BE SETTL$ AT ONCE4 ,9 HIS REJO9D] ,K4 ,POB$ONO/SEV DESCRIBES ,RUSSIA AS FOLL[S3  

 0,!RE >E NO ROADS1 & ! PEOPLE LIVE ON /EPPES1 9 ! WOODS1 9 ! M>%ES2 !IR DWELL+S >E SOMETIMES SEP>AT$ BY FIVE TO EI<T HUNDR$ V]/S 7#c#c TO #ec MILES7 ( UNCULTIVAT$ & IMPASSIBLE C\NTRY2 & ! 9HABITANTS !MSELVES1 )\T CULTURE1 H]E & !RE EV5 B>B>\S1 GA9 A SCANTY LIV+ F> FROM ALL MEANS ( COMMUNICATION & ! NECESSITIES = 9DU/RY & COMM]CE40  

 ,N[1 IT IS POSITIVELY C]TA9 ?AT IF A S*OOLBOY1 EV5 9 A PRIM>Y S*OOL1 HAD ?US DESCRIB$ ,RUSSIA1 HE W\LD SURELY HAVE GOT A BAD M>K4 ,SU* CONDITIONS AS ! PROCURATOR DESCRIBES UND\BT$LY PREVAIL 9 ! B>R5 L&S ( ,SIB]IA1 & 9 ! F> ,NOR? ( ,EUROPEAN ,RUSSIA -- 9 ! ,PET*ORA ,L& & ! ,KOLA P59SULA4 ,BUT1 :5 ONE SPEAKS ( ! S*OOLS ( ,RUSSIA1 ONE SURELY DOES NOT HAVE 9 M9D !SE REMOTE P>TS ( ! ,EMPIRE1 ANY MORE ?AN ONE :O SPEAKS ( ! S*OOLS ( ,CANADA HAS 9 M9D ! B>R5 L&S R\ND ! ,HUDSON ,BAY4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 9 ,MIDDLE ,RUSSIA1 :I* CON/ITUTES A POPULATION ( OV] FIFTY MILLION PEOPLE1 ! AV]AGE DI/ANCE BETWE5 VILLAGES IS ONLY FROM TWO TO FIVE MILES4 ,MOREOV]1 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! PEASANTS LIVE 9 VILLAGES ( FROM #b TO #b 9HABITANTS1 SELDOM ( #a1 & OCCASIONALLY ( #e1 TO #a1 S\LS2 & EV5 ! SMALLE/ VILLAGE 9 ,RUSSIA1 ) ITS ?IRTY *ILDR5 ( S*OOL AGE1 (F]S BETT] FACILITIES = OP5+ A S*OOL ?AN A POPULATION ( FIFTY F>M]S SCATT]$ ON !IR 0QU>T] SECTIONS40 ,POOR ?\< ,RUSSIA UND\BT$LY IS1 %E IS /ILL NOT SO POOR AS ,F9L& BY F>2 & YET1 ! COEFFICI5T ( $UCATION -- ?AT IS1 ! NUMB] ( *ILDR5 GO+ TO S*OOL1 9 PROPORTION TO ! TOTAL POPULATION-- IS ?IRTY P]C5T 9 ,F9L&1 AS AGA9/ ?REE TO F\R P]C5T 9 ,MOSC[1 ,VLADIMIR1 ,KURSK1 ,TAMB(F1 & O!R PROV9CES BELONG+ TO ! F]TILE OR TO ! 9DU/RIAL BELT ( ,C5TRAL ,RUSSIA4  

 ,IT IS NOT ! POV]TY ( ,RUSSIA ?AT HAS PREV5T$ ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS FROM LE>N+ TO READ & WRITE S9CE !Y BECAME FREE1 NOR H] /EPPES & =E/S1 & /ILL LESS ! DI/ANCES BETWE5 H] VILLAGES4 ,FROM #ahfc TO #a#h#h#c1 IT WAS ! G5]AL POLICY ( ! GOV]NM5T &1 ABOVE ALL1 ( ! SUCCESSIVE M9I/]S ( ,PUBLIC ,9/RUCTION2 &1 S9CE #a#h#h#c1 IT HAS BE5 ! 9FLU5CE :I* ,K4 ,POB$ONO/SEV  5JOY$ 9 ! C\NCILS ( ! ,CZ>1 & HIS USE ( ?AT 9FLU5CE = PREV5T+ ! OP5+ ( ANY S*OOLS1 EXCEPT ?OSE :I* W\LD BE UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,SYNOD4 ,HAV+ BEGUN BY PLEAD+ ! NECESSITY ( OP5+ P>I% S*OOLS1 W]E !Y ONLY ( ! L[E/ GRADES1 9 SU* REMOTE P>TS ( ! ,EMPIRE AS ?OSE :I* HE HAS DESCRIB$ 9 ?IS REVIEW1 HE GRADUALLY DEVELOP$ ! POLICY :I* HAS *>ACT]IZ$ HIS ADM9I/RATION3 0,BETT] TO HAVE NO S*OOLS AT ALL1 ?AN ALL[ ANY ONE BY ! VILLAGE CL]GY TO />T PRIM>Y S*OOLS 9 ANY P>T ( ! C\NTRY2 LET ALL ! MONEY :I* ! /ATE & ! LOCAL GOV]NM5TS CAN SP>E = ?AT PURPOSE FL[ 9 ?AT *ANNEL40  

 ,9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% ?IS POLICY1 HI<LY-COLOR$ REPORTS HAVE BE5 MADE TO ! ,EMP]OR EV]Y YE> AB\T ! WOND]FUL ACTIVITY ( ! VILLAGE CL]GY 9 OP5+ NEW S*OOLS4 ,! ACCURACY ( !SE REPORTS HAS ALWAYS BE5 CONTE/$ 9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF1 ALL ! 0W>N+S0 NOT)/&+4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! EF=TS ( ALL ?OSE :O HAVE HONE/LY WORK$ = SPREAD+ $UCATION 9 \R C\NTRY HAVE BE5 BELITTL$ & MISREPRES5T$4 ,NAY1 0! ,S*OOLS' ,C\NCIL ( ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD0 DID NOT HESITATE EV5 AT OP5 FALSIFICATION ( FIGURES4 ,! PRO( ( ?IS MAY BE F\ND 9 AN (FICIAL PUBLICATION1 :I* ,I HAVE BE=E ME ON MY TABLE4 ,I MEAN ! WORK ISSU$ 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 #a#h#i#f1 BY ORD] ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,PUBLIC ,9/RUCTION1 UND] ?IS TITLE3 ,POPUL> ,$UCATION AT ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,EXHIBITION ( ,NIZHNY ,NOVGOROD1 PUBLI%$ BY ! ,HEAD ( ! ,$UCATION ,DEP>TM5T ( ! ,EXHIBITION1 .<,VLADIMIR.> ,KOVALEVSKY4  

 ,! ,S*OOL ,DEP>TM5T ( ! ,SYNOD EXHIBIT$ ON ?IS OCCASION A NUMB] ( CO/LY MAPS1 9T5D$ TO %[ TO ! VISITORS ! WOND]FUL PROGRESS A*IEV$ BY ! SYNOD ) ITS S*OOLS1 AS AGA9/ ALL O!R S*OOLS1 S9CE #a#h#h#d4 ,AN EXPLANATION PAMPHLET1 ISSU$ BY ! SAME ,DEP>TM5T1 WAS DI/RIBUT$ AT ! SAME TIME1 FREE1 9 IMM5SE NUMB]S ( COPIES TO ALL VISITORS1 :O W]E ASSUR$ BY ! WRIT] ( ! PAMPHLET ?AT )9 ! LA/ T5 YE>S ! NUMB] ( ,READ+ ,S*OOLS ( ! ,SYNOD HAD 9CREAS$ EI<TE5 TIMES4 ,IT APPE>$1 H[EV]1 ?AT ?IS WAS A GROSS EXAGG]ATION1 ! NUMB] HAV+ 9CREAS$ 9 REALITY LESS ?AN TWICE4 ,TO QUOTE FROM ! (FICIAL PUBLICATION ISSU$ BY ! ,M9I/RY ( ,PUBLIC ,9/RUCTION 7P4 #a#b#c73  

 0,?US1 TO GIVE ONE 9/ANCE1 9 ! MAP :I* ILLU/RAT$ ! NUM]ICAL GR[? ( ! ,READ+ ,S*OOLS .<( ! ,SYNOD.>1 & :I* WAS 9T5D$ TO PROVE TO ! VISITORS ?AT !SE S*OOLS HAD V]Y RAPIDLY MULTIPLI$1 AN IMPORTANT MIS/ATEM5T WAS 9TRODUC$4 ,IT WAS SAID 9 ! TABLE ?AT 9 #ahhd !RE W]E ONLY #e TO #a1 SU* S*OOLS 9 ,RUSSIA1 :ILE 9 #ahic !IR NUMB] HAD REA*$ #a#h14444 ,AS SOON AS ! ,$UCATIONAL ,DEP>TM5T ( ! ,EXHIBITION WAS OP5$1 RECTIFICATIONS BEGAN TO P\R 94 ,IT APPE>$ ?AT 9 ! PROV9CE ( ,MOSC[ ALONE !RE W]E #c SU* S*OOLS1 #d 9 ,VLADIMIR1 & ALTOGE!R !RE W]E MORE ?AN #a1 ( !M4444,! NUMB]S ( S*OOLS UND] ! ,M9I/RY ( ,PUBLIC ,9/RUCTION W]E %[N ON ! MAPS AS BE+ CONSID]ABLY SMALL] 9 NUMB]S ?AN !Y ACTUALLY W]E4 ,(FICIAL /ATEM5TS CAME 91 BO? FROM FUNCTION>IES ( ! ,M9I/RY & FROM ! ,ZEM/VOS1 ASK+ ?AT !SE 9ACCURACIES BE RECTIFI$40"9  

 ,AS TO ! ABOVE-M5TION$ PAMPHLET1 .<,VLADIMIR.> ,KOVALEVSKY REM>KS3  

 0,IT WAS MO/ REGRETTABLE ?AT ! ANONYM\S AU?OR ( ?IS PAMPHLET F\ND IT NECESS>Y1 :ILE PO9T+ \T ! QUALITIES ( ! ,SYNOD S*OOLS1 TO DEPRECIATE ?OSE ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,PUBLIC ,9/RUCTION1 & TO ASSURE HIS READ]S ?AT !Y W]E QUITE /RANGE TO ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE40  

 ,I C]TA9LY DO NOT MEAN TO SUGGE/ ?AT ! PROCURATOR ( ! ,SYNOD WAS P]SONALLY RESPONSIBLE = ! FABRICATION ( ?OSE MAPS OR ( ?AT PAMPHLET2 YET !RE >E PL5TY ( SYCOPHANTS EV]Y:]E1 & !Y KN[ :AT WILL PLEASE !IR MA/]S4 ,I AM EV5 READY TO ADMIT ?AT ! PROCURATOR NEV] V]IFIES ! FIGURES :I* HE GIVES 9 HIS 0,YE>LY ,REPORTS40 ,HE CAN HAVE NO TIME = ?AT4 ,HE TELLS US1 ?US ALMO/ REPEAT+ MY V]Y WORDS1 ?AT 0! P>I% PRIE/1 5GAG$ 9 HIS PR(ESSIONAL DUTIES1 CANNOT EFFICI5TLY C>RY \T S*OOL TEA*+02 & IT IS SC>CELY PROBABLE ?AT ! ,PROCURATOR HIMSELF1 ALSO 5GAG$ 9 HIS PR(ESSIONAL DUTIES1 CAN C>RY \T HIS ASSUM$ DUTIES ( ORGANIZ+ S*OOLS ALL OV] ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT IF HE HAS NO TIME = ?AT WORK1 :Y 9 ! WORLD %\LD HE UND]TAKE IT1 & OBTA9 FROM ! ,EMP]OR AN >RANGEM5T BY :I* ! POOR YE>LY ALL[ANCE 9SCRIB$ 9 ! /ATE BUDGET = PRIM>Y S*OOLS GOES TO ! V]Y PEOPLE :O1 ACCORD+ TO !IR [N CONFESSION1 CANNOT EFFICI5TLY C>RY \T TEA*+8  

 ,OV] & OV] AGA9 IT HAS BE5 PO9T$ \T 9 ! ,RUSSIAN PRESS -- V]Y (T5 DETAIL$ PRO(S BE+ 9 H& -- ?AT ! /ATI/ICS GIV5 9 ! ,SYNOD'S ,REPORTS AS TO ! *ILDR5 :O >E SUPPOS$ TO RECEIVE 9/RUCTION 9 ! ,P>I% & ! ,READ+ ,S*OOLS ( ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD 7#i#a1#g#f BOYS & #b#e1#g#c GIRLS7 >E GROSSLY EXAGG]AT$1 & ?AT IF ! REAL ATT5DANCE W]E GIV51 !SE FIGURES W\LD DW9DLE TO MU* LESS ?AN TWO-?IRDS4 ,:Y HAS NOT AN HONE/ 9VE/IGATION BE5 MADE 9 ! MATT]8  

 ,?+S APPE> /ILL WORSE :5 WE CONSID] ! COMPOSITION ( ! TEA*+ /AFF ( !SE S*OOLS & ! RESULTS OBTA9$ 9 !M4 ,! *ILDR51 AFT] ONE YE>'S 9/RUCTION AT ONE ( !SE S*OOLS1 CANNOT EV5 SPELL2 AL?\<1 ,RUSSIAN BE+ A PHONETICALLY SPELT LANGUAGE1 WE US$1 9 \R ,SUNDAY S*OOLS1 TO TEA* PUPILS TO SPELL & READ 9 FIFTE5 LESSONS -- SOMETIMES EV5 9 N9E4 ,! SL[NESS ( PROGRESS IS EXPLA9$ 9 ,RUSSIA BY ! V]Y L[ /&>D ( MO/ ( ! TEA*]S ( ! ,SYNOD S*OOLS4  

 ,:AT1 !N1 W\LD BE ! PROP] WAY ( MEET+ SU* CRITICISMS8 ,TO ASK AN 9VE/IGATION1 OR1 FAIL+ ?AT1 TO PUBLI% AT LEA/1 AN EXACT /ATEM5T ( ! TEA*+ QUALIFICATIONS ( ! TEA*+ /AFF1 & TO GIVE TABLES %[+ ! PROGRESS A*IEV$ BY ! PUPILS4 ,BUT ?AT IS PRECISELY :AT HAS NEV] BE5 DONE4 ,ALL ,I CAN GA!R FROM ! LA/ AVAILABLE REPORTS ( ! PROCURATOR IS1 ?AT ! TEA*+ /AFF ( ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD S*OOLS WAS AS FOLL[S 9 #a#h#i#h3  

,P>I% 
,S*OOLS 
   
   
,READ+ 
,S*OOLS 
   
  
,PRIE/S  #efa  
   
   
 #fdb 
   
  
,DEACONS #b1#a#d#e  
   
   
#a1#b#d#e 
   
  
,CANTORS #a1#i#c  
   
   
  #b1#c#b#i 
   
  
,HIR$ TEA*]S #a#a1#b#a#a  
   
   
 #a#a1#g#g#f 
   
  
 .-.-.-.-.-.-.-  
   
   
.-.-.-.-.-.-.- 
   
  
 ,TOTAL  #a#e1#h#b#i  
   
   
#a#e1#i#i#b 
   
  

 ,GRANT+ ?AT ! DEACONS & ! CANTORS >E N[ BETT] $UCATORS ?AN !Y W]E ?IRTY YE>S AGO1 ,I VA9LY TRY TO ASC]TA9 FROM ! REPORTS1 ( :AT SORT ( M5 & WOM5 ! ODD TW5TY-?REE ?\S& HIR$ TEA*]S W]E COMPOS$4 ,:AT PROPORTION DO !Y CONTA9 ( TRA9$ TEA*]S1 & :AT PROPORTION ( SOLDI]S :OSE SOLE $UCATION WAS GOT AT A REGIM5TAL S*OOL DUR+ !IR ?REE YE>S' S]VICE 9 ! >MY8 ,NOR DO !Y F9D SU* FIGURES 9 ! PROCURATOR'S REJO9D]4 ,ALL HE SAYS ON ?IS PO9T IS ?IS3  

 0,:AT ,KROPOTK9 SAYS AB\T ! 9CAPACITY ( ! ,VILLAGE ,CL]GY IS C]TA9LY UNJU/4 ,P]HAPS 9 HIS TIME ! IGNORANT S*OOLMA/]S ( :OM HE SPEAKS1 (T5 RECRUIT$ FROM P5SION$ SOLDI]S1 W]E ONLY TOO COMMON4 ,TODAY WE HAVE A REGUL> SY/EM ( SEM9>IES & TRA9+ COLLEGES = ! $UCATION ( S*OOLMA/]S & S*OOLMI/RESSES40  

 ,YES1 WE HAVE A FEW1 A V]Y FEW1 TRA9+ COLLEGES2 BUT H[ MANY1 OR RA!R H[ FEW1 TRA9$ TEA*]S >E EMPLOY$ 9 ! ,SYNOD ,S*OOLS WE >E NOT TOLD1 & ! READ] IS LEFT TO WOND] :E!R ?IS PROPORTION IS NOT AS SMALL AS ! PROPORTION ( ,RUSSIAN VILLAGES :I* >E SEP>AT$ FROM EA* O!R ( DI/ANCES ( 0FROM FIVE TO EI<T HUNDR$ V]/S40  

 ,9 MY OP9ION1 ! :OLE QUE/ION ( PRIM>Y $UCATION 9 ,RUSSIA IS TOO IMPORTANT A SUBJECT TO BE TREAT$ 9 SU* AN (FH&$ WAY4  ,LEAV+ ASIDE ! LAUDABLE EF=TS :I* ! ,M9I/RY ( ,W>1 ,AGRICULTURE1 & ,F9ANCE >E MAK+ 9 ?IS DIRECTION1 WE HAVE 9 ,RUSSIA ?REE BODIES :I* >E  DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE 9 MATT]S ( PRIM>Y S*OOLS3 ! ,M9I/RY ( ,PUBLIC ,9/RUCTION1 ! ,PROV9CIAL & ,DI/RICT ,C\NCILS 7! ,ZEM/VOS7 & ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD4 ,N[1 = =TY YE>S1 & ESPECIALLY S9CE #a#h#h#c1 WE HAVE SE5 ! MO/ EXTRAORD9>Y SPECTACLE ( ! TWO GOV]NM5TAL BODIES US+ ALL !IR P[] TO PREV5T ! ,LOCAL ,GOV]NM5TS FROM DO+ !IR DUTY ) REG>D TO POPUL> $UCATION & !N FI<T+ AMONG !MSELVES = ! MONEY ALL[ANCE = PRIM>Y S*OOLS :I* IS 9SCRIB$ 9 ! ,/ATE BUDGET1 AS WELL AS = ALL ! MONEYS :I* CAN BE SCRAP$ TOGE!R  FROM ! ALREADY OV]TAX$ VILLAGE COMMUNITIES & ! ,ZEM/VOS -- AT ! SAME TIME EXCLUD+ ! TWO LATT] FROM ANY CONTROL ( ! WAYS 9 :I* !SE MONEYS >E SP5T4 ,TO A*IEVE ?IS 5D1 A DECISIVE BL[ WAS /RUCK UND] ,ALEX&] ,I,I,I AT ! LOCAL SELF-GOV]NM5T 9/ITUTIONS1 SO AS TO MAKE !M M]E TAX-COLLECTORS :O PROVIDE MONEY = S*OOLS1 BUT HAVE NO VOICE 9 !IR MANAGEM5T4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ,I ONLY EXPRESS ! OP9ION ( EV]Y $UCAT$ MAN 9 ,RUSSIA :5 ,I SAY ?AT IT IS HI< TIME ?AT ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS %\LD COME TO AN 5D4  

 ,! IDEA ( ! PROCURATOR IS ?AT ( ! ,ROMAN ,*UR*4 ,:AT HE SEEKS = 9 ,RUSSIA -- & SUCCESSFULLY1 9 GREAT MEASURE -- IS TO 9TRODUCE ! SY/EM :I* WAS 9/ITUT$ 9 ,FRANCE 9 #a#h#d#i1 & PREVAIL$ ESPECIALLY UND] ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I1 UND] :I* ,PRIM>Y $UCATION WAS 5TIRELY H&$ OV] TO ! CL]GY1 & A 0LETT] D'OB$I5CE10 DELIV]$ BY ! ,BI%OP1 WAS ALL ! C]TIFICATE ONE REQUIR$ TO BECOME A TEA*]4 ,! ,RUSSIANS KN[ H[ ?IS SY/EM V]Y NE>LY BR\<T ,FRANCE TO RU91 :5 %E CAME 9TO >M$ CONFLICT ) H] BETT]-$UCAT$ NEI<BOR4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ALL $UCAT$ ,RUSSIA MO/ ANXI\SLY DESIRES N[ ?AT A S]I\S RE=M %\LD BE MADE 9 ! :OLE SY/EM ( PRIM>Y $UCATION1 & ?AT ! PRES5T SY/EM :I* WAS 9TRODUC$ AT A TIME :51 TO USE ! PROCURATOR'S [N EXPRESSION1 0PROHIBITION HAD GONE MAD10 %\LD COME TO AN 5D4 ,I WILL ONLY ADD1 AS REG>DS SECOND>Y & ,UNIV]SITY $UCATION ?AT ALL ,I HAVE SAID CONC]N+ IT 9 ?IS REVIEW1 F> FROM HAV+ BE5 0BIAS$0 OR EXAGG]AT$1 HAS RECEIV$ MO/ /RIK+ CONFIRMATION 9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF S9CE LA/ ,MAY4 ,COMMITTEES >E N[ AT WORK1 & ! ,UNIV]SITIES >E S5D+ 9 ELABORATE REPORTS1 ) A VIEW TO OBTA9+ RE=MS 9 ! V]Y DIRECTIONS :I* >E 9DICAT$ 9 ! ,MAY NUMB] ( ?IS ,REVIEW4  ,& ,I WILL ADD ?AT 9 ?IS ,I HAVE NO?+ TO BOA/ (1 BECAUSE ,I ONLY SUMM$ UP :AT ,PR(ESSORS ( ! ,UNIV]SITIES & $UCATORS ( ALL GRADES HAVE BE5 SAY+ 9 ,RUSSIA = YE>S1 )\T BE+ LI/5$ TO1 UNTIL ! LATE ,UNIV]SITY RIOTS 5D$ 9 SU* A TRAGICAL WAY4  

 ,! SECOND P>T ( ,K4 ,POB$ONO/SEV'S REJO9D] DEALS ) ! RESPONSIBILITIES = ! ABOM9ABLE MEASURE ?AT WAS TAK5 AGA9/ ! /UD5TS -- A MEASURE ?AT HAS L$ TO MASSACRES AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG & HAS DONE MORE TO DISCR$IT ! GOV]NM5T AMONG ALL CLASSES ( SOCIETY ?AN ALL ?AT ?AT ! REVOLUTIONI/S HAVE EV] WRITT54 ,AT ! \TSET1 AS WAS ONLY NATURAL 9 A C\NTRY PLAC$ UND] ABSOLUTE RULE1 PUBLIC OP9ION AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG ATTRIBUT$ A L>GE %>E ( RESPONSIBILITY = ALL ?IS TO ! ,EMP]OR1 & MY >TICLE REFLECT$ ?AT /ATE ( OP9ION4 ,N[ ,K4 ,POB$ONO/SEV TELLS US ?AT ,I WAS WRONG3 ?AT ! ABSOLUTE RUL] ( ,RUSSIA 0HAD NO %>E0 9 ?IS MISDE$ ( HIS M9I/]S1 & ,I AM V]Y GLAD TO ACKN[L$GE IT4 ,I WILL EV5 ADD ON MY [N BEHALF ?AT ! 9=MATION :I* ,I GOT FROM ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 SOON AFT] MY RETURN FROM ,AM]ICA1 WAS TO ! SAME EFFECT4 ,BUT1 ! ,EMP]OR HAV+ NO %>E ( ! BLAME = ! ,KIEV AFFAIR1 :OSE FAULT WAS IT8  

 .<,KON/ANT9.> ,POB$ONO/SEV WRITES3  

 0,! DECREE REG>D+ ! MILIT>Y S]VICE ( /UD5TS GUILTY ( CREAT+ AN AGITATION AGA9/ ! UNIV]SITY WAS PUBLI%$ 9DEP5D5TLY ( ANY 9ITIATIVE ON ! P>T ( ! ,EMP]OR4 ,! M9I/]S 9 A CAB9ET MEET+ ?AT HAD BE5 CALL$ 9 CONSEQU5CE ( !SE UNIV]SITY DISORD]S1 DEEM$ IT NECESS>Y TO HAVE REC\RSE TO ?IS PUNI%M5T1 & !IR RESOLUTION WAS SUBMITT$ = ! ,EMP]OR'S APPROVAL4 ,A REGULATION WAS PUBLI%$ ACCORD+ TO :I* ! APPLICATION ( ! P5ALTY 9 EA* CASE WAS MADE TO DEP5D ON A SPECIAL COMMITTEE COMPRIS+ ! M9I/]S :OSE DEP>TM5TS W]E CONC]N$1 & ! DECISIONS ( ?IS COMMITTEE W]E TO BE VALID 9 LAW )\T NE$+ AN IMP]IAL SANCTION4 ,! ,KIEV AFFAIR1 !RE=E1 WAS SETTL$ 9 ?IS WAY1 & ! WILL ( ! ,EMP]OR HAD NO %>E 9 IT40  

 ,& ! PROCURATOR ADDS3  

0,IT %\LD BE REMEMB]$ ?AT \R EMP]OR NEV] ISSUES SU* ORD]S ON HIS P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY4 ,HE CONT5TS HIMSELF ) CONFIRM+ ! DECISIONS ( ! V>I\S EXECUTIVE C\NCILS & ! RESOLUTIONS ( HIS M9I/]S 9 CASES 0PRESCRIB$ BY LAW40  

 ,AS = HIS [N RESPONSIBILITY 9 ! MATT]1 ,K4 ,POB$ONO/SEV SAYS3  

 0,I WAS TOTALLY IGNORANT ( ?IS ,KIEV AFFAIR1 :I* CONC]N$ TWO M9I/]S ONLY1 .<,NIKOLAY.> ,BOGOLEPOV1 & ! ,M9I/] = ! ,9T]IOR40  

 ,! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,M9I/]S1 9 :I* ,K4 ,POB$ONO/SEV HAS A SEAT 9 HIS CAPACITY ( PROCURATOR ( ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD -- 9 A 0,CAB9ET MEET+10 AS HE WRITES -- HAD ?US PREP>$ A LAW :I* GAVE TO TWO M9I/]S ! P[] ( IMPOS+ MILIT>Y S]VICE AS A PUNI%M5T = ACTS ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE T[>DS ! ,UNIV]SITY AU?ORITIES1 & !MSELVES TO APPO9T SPECIAL COMMITTEES1 OR RA!R ,C\RTS NOM9AT$ AD HOC1 = ! PURPOSE ( APPLY+ ?AT MO/ EXTRAORD9>Y PUNI%M5T JU/ AS !Y LIK$4 ,?IS A/\ND+ LAW -- :I*1 AS CIRCUM/ANCES HAVE N[ PROV$1 WAS TOO BAD EV5 = ,RUSSIAN =BE>ANCE -- WAS SUBMITT$ TO ! ,EMP]OR1 :O GAVE IT HIS APPROVAL & ISSU$ IT 9 ! =M ( A DECREE SIGN$ ) HIS H&4 ,HE DID SO1 WE >E N[ TOLD CONFID+ 9 HIS CAB9ET1 PROBABLY )\T REALIZ+ :AT P[] = MIS*IEF HE WAS ?US GIV+ TO ,BOGOLEPOV & .<,DMITRY.> ,SIPYAG91 NOR H[ !Y W\LD MISUSE IT2 JU/ AS HE NEV] SEEMS TO HAVE REALIZ$ TO :AT A VIOLATION ( HIS [N OA? TO ,F9L& HE WAS REC5TLY L$ BY ANO!R ( HIS M9I/]S4  

 ,IT ?US APPE>S ?AT ! M9I/]S MAY TAKE ACTION :I* WILL 9CITE DI/URBANCE ALL OV] ,RUSSIA1 LEAD+ TO ! EFFUSION ( BLOOD & TO G5]AL DISCONT5T1 & ?AT :5 Y\ ASK1 ,:O IS TO BLAME = IT ALL8 ,!RE IS NOBODY TO TAKE UPON HIMSELF ! RESPONSIBILITY4  

 ,! ,EMP]OR IS \T ( ! QUE/ION1 WE >E TOLD2 HE MU/ TRU/ SOMEBODY1 & HE TRU/S HIS ,CAB9ET4 ,ONE MEMB] ( HIS CAB9ET N[ REPUDIATES PUBLICALLY ALL RESPONSIBILITY = ! CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS DECREE4 ,! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,CAB9ET WILL PROBABLY SAY ?AT !Y >E NOT RESPONSIBLE EI!R1 BECAUSE IT WAS ! ,EMP]OR :O SIGN$ ! DECREE1 :ILE HE MI<T HAVE REFUS$ TO SIGN IT IF IT W]E CONTR>Y TO HIS VIEWS4 ,! ,M9I/] ( ,$UCATION & ( ! ,9T]IOR HAVE ONLY US$ ! P[]S :I* ! ,CAB9ET GAVE TO !M2 & ! COMMITTEES !Y HAVE NOM9AT$ TO ACT AS JUDGES1 9 S5D+ #ahc /UD5TS TO ! >MY1 HAVE ONLY DONE :AT !Y W]E AU?ORIZ$ TO DO BY !IR SUP]IORS4 ,EV]YONE WAS RI<T1 & !RE WAS NOBODY TO BLAME6  

 ,!RE IS ONE PO9T :I* ! PROCURATOR SEEMS TO HAVE OV]LOOK$4 ,HE HAS DEVELOP$ 9 ?IS ,REVIEW ! !ORY ( A ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,MON>*Y 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! ,EMP]OR1 HE WRITES1 ONLY CONFIRMS ! DECISIONS ( HIS ,CAB9ET1 & CONSEQU5TLY IS NOT RESPONSIBLE = !IR MI/AKES4 ,?IS IS C]TA9LY A QUITE NEW CON/RUCTION ( ! RELATIONS :I* PREVAIL 9 ,RUSSIA BETWE5 ! ?REE LAW-MAK+ AU?ORITIES ( ! ,EMPIRE3 ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,/ATE1 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,M9I/]S1 & ! ,EMP]OR4 ,IT ONLY CONFIRMS ! IDEA :I* ,I HAVE EXPRESS$ 9 !SE PAGES -- NAMELY1 ?AT ! CONCEPTION ( A RESPONSIBLE M9I/RY IS RAPIDLY GR[+ UP 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,V]Y WELL1 LET IT BE SO4 ,NOBODY 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,I AM SURE1 WILL OBJECT IF ! ,EMP]OR PREF]S TO BE TREAT$ AS AN IRRESPONSIBLE CON/ITUTIONAL SOV]EIGN4 ,ONLY ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! C\NTRY WILL HAVE TO BE ALT]$ TO SUIT ?IS NEW CONDITION4 ,SO LONG AS ! *OICE ( ! M9I/]S DEP5DS 5TIRELY UPON ! GOOD PLEASURE ( ! RUL]1 & SO LONG AS ! C\NTRY HAS NO MEANS :ATEV] ( CONTROLL+ ! ACTIONS ( ! M9I/]S1 ! SOV]EIGN WILL ALWAYS BE CONSID]$ RESPONSIBLE = !IR MISDE$S1 EV5 ?\< HE MAY P]SONALLY DISPROVE ( !M2 & ,K4 ,POB$ONO/SEV WILL AGREE ) ME ?AT HIS WAY ( DIS5TANGL+ ! RESPONSIBILITIES IS1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 NOT PRACTICAL AT ALL4  

 ,P]HAPS1 HE WILL ALSO AGREE -- & IF HE DOES NOT -- ALL ,RUSSIA IS N[ TELL+ IT L\DLY 5\< -- ?AT !RE IS SOME?+ EXTREMELY ABNORMAL 9 ! CONDITIONS :I* HE IS ANXI\S TO MA9TA94 ,! ,CAB9ET1 TRAMPL+ UND] ITS FEET A FUNDAM5TAL LAW ( ! ,EMPIRE1 & GIV+ TO TWO M9I/]S SU* =MIDABLE & UNCONTROLL$ P[]S1 HAS MADE A GRAVE BLUND]4 ,BUT = REPAIR+ ?IS BLUND]1 & = SECUR+ ! ABROGATION ( ?IS LAW 7VIRTUALLY IT HAS BE5 ABROGAT$71 NO O!R MEANS W]E AVAILABLE BUT A G5]AL REVOLT 9 ALL ! UNIV]SITIES1 /REET DEMON/RATIONS :I* HAVE L$ TO ! KILL+ ( A NUMB] ( /UD5TS 9 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 ! %OOT+ BY C\RT M>TIAL ( TWO /UD5TS 9 ! >MY1 ! KILL+ ( A M9I/]1 & ! EXILE ( NOBODY KN[S H[ MANY /UD5TS & ( AG$1 G5]ALLY RESPECT$ P]SONS1 :O W]E ONLY GUILTY ( SYMPA?Y ) ! VICTIMS ( ! IRRESPONSIBLE ,CAB9ET4 ,RUSSIA DOES NOT WANT MORE ( ?AT4  

 ,IF ,I SPEAK ( ! COM+ ,CON/ITUTION1 IT IS NOT BECAUSE ,I SEE IT AS A PANACEA4 ,MY P]SONAL IDEALS GO F> BEYOND ?AT4 ,BUT1 :E!R WE LIKE IT OR NOT1 IT IS COM+4 ,! COLOSSAL BLUND]S ( ! M9I/]S1 & !IR 9CREAS+LY FREQU5T ASSUMPTION ( ! RI<T1 UND] ! %ELT] ( ! ,EMP]OR'S SIGNATURE1 ( MODIFY+ BY M]E DECREES ! FUNDAM5TAL LAWS ( ! ,EMPIRE1 R5D] IT UNAVOIDABLE4  
  

 ,P4 ,KROPOTK9  

 "9,9 ! PROV9CE ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG #cia S*OOLS W]E %[N1 9/EAD ( #i2 9 ,KURSK1 #c 9/EAD ( #e#i#b1 & SO ON4  

7,S\RCE3 0,RUSSIAN ,S*OOLS & ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD10 ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,REVIEW1 ,VOL4 #a#g#d1 ,NO4 #d#e#d1 ,APRIL #a#i#b1 PP4 #e#a#h-#e#b#g47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c#a1 #aib 3 ,RUSSIAN ,S*OOLS & ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#b1 #bag 3 ,RUSSIAN ,S*OOLS & ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,RUSSIAN ,S*OOLS & ! ,HOLY ,SYNOD -- ,UPDAT$4 

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