,*APT] #g 
,DAWN ( A ,NEW ,EPO* 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,P]HAPS SOME ( MY READ]S MAY ?9K ?AT ! ABOVE TITLE IS NOT A CORRECT ONE3  IT MAY BE SAID1 A NEW EPO* IS ALWAYS DAWN+1 *ANGE IS ALWAYS GO+ ON1 & IT GOES ON SO GRADUALLY ?AT WE DO NOT KN[ :5 WE >E \T ( AN OLD EPO* & 9TO A NEW ONE4  ,!RE IS TRU? 9 ?AT1 AT LEA/ TO ?IS EXT5T1 ?AT NO AGE CAN SEE ITSELF3  WE MU/ /& SOME WAY (F BE=E ! CONFUS$ PICTURE ) ITS RUGG$ SURFACE CAN RESOLVE ITSELF 9TO ITS DUE ORD]1 & SEEM TO BE SOME?+ ) A DEF9ITE PURPOSE C>RI$ ?R\< ALL ITS DETAILS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 :5 WE LOOK BACK ON HI/ORY WE DO DI/+UI% P]IODS 9 ! LAPSE ( TIME ?AT >E NOT M]ELY >BITR>Y ONES1 WE NOTE ! E>LY GR[? ( ! IDEAS :I* >E TO =M ! NEW ORD] ( ?+S1 WE NOTE !IR DEVELOPM5T 9TO ! TRANSITIONAL P]IOD1 & F9ALLY ! NEW EPO* IS REVEAL$ TO US BE>+ 9 ITS FULL DEVELOPM5T1 UNSE5 AS YET1 ! SE$S ( ! NEW] ORD] /ILL :I* %ALL TRANS=M IT 9 ITS TURN 9TO SOME?+ ELSE4  

,MOREOV]1 !RE >E P]IODS 9 :I* EV5 ?OSE ALIVE 9 !M BECOME MORE OR LESS CONSCI\S ( ! *ANGE :I* IS ALWAYS GO+ ON2 ! OLD IDEAS :I* W]E ONCE SO EXCIT+ TO M5'S IMAG9ATIONS1 N[ CEASE TO MOVE !M1 ?\< !Y MAY BE ACCEPT$ AS DULL & NECESS>Y PLATITUDES3  ! MAT]IAL CIRCUM/ANCES ( MAN'S LIFE :I* W]E ONCE ONLY /RUGGL$ ) 9 DETAIL1 & ONLY ACCORD+ TO A K9D ( LAW MADE MANIFE/ 9 !IR WORK+1 >E 9 SU* TIMES CONSCI\S ( *ANGE1 & >E ONLY ACCEPT$ UND] PROTE/ UNTIL SOME MEANS CAN BE F\ND TO ALT] !M4  ,! OLD & DY+ ORD]1 ONCE SIL5T & ALL- P[]FUL1 TRIES TO EXPRESS ITSELF VIOL5TLY1 & BECOMES AT ONCE NOISY & WEAK4  ,! NASC5T ORD] ONCE TOO WEAK TO BE CONSCI\S ( NE$ ( EXPRESSION1 OR CAPABLE ( IT IF IT W]E1 BECOMES CONSCI\S N[ & F9DS A VOICE4  ,! SIL5T SAP ( ! YE>S IS BE+ LAID ASIDE = OP5 ASSAULT2 ! M5 >E GA!R+ UND] >MS 9 ! TR5*ES1 & ! =LORN HOPE IS READY1 NO LONG] TRIFL+ ) LITTLE SOLACEM5TS ( ! TIME ( WE>Y WAIT+1 BUT LOOK+ =W>D TO M]E DEA? OR ! JOY ( VICTORY4  

,N[ ,I ?9K1 & SOME :O READ ?IS WILL AGREE ) ME1 ?AT WE >E N[ LIV+ 9 ONE ( !SE TIMES ( CONSCI\S *ANGE2 WE NOT ONLY >E1 BUT WE ALSO FEEL \RSELVES TO BE LIV+ BETWE5 ! OLD & ! NEW2 WE >E EXPECT+ SOME?+ TO HAPP51 AS ! PHRASE GOES3  AT SU* TIMES IT BEHOOVES US TO UND]/& :AT IS ! OLD :I* IS DY+1 :AT IS ! NEW :I* IS COM+ 9TO EXI/5CE8  ,?AT IS A QUE/ION PRACTICALLY IMPORTANT TO US ALL1 S9CE !SE P]IODS ( CONSCI\S *ANGE >E ALSO1 9 ONE WAY OR O!R1 TIMES ( S]I\S COMBAT1 & EA* ( US1 IF HE DOES NOT LOOK TO IT & LE>N TO UND]/& :AT IS GO+ ON1 MAY F9D HIMSELF FI<T+ ON ! WRONG SIDE1 ! SIDE ) :I* HE REALLY DOES NOT SYMPA?IZE4  

,:AT IS ! COMBAT WE >E N[ 5T]+ UPON--:O IS IT TO BE F\<T BETWE58  ,ABSOLUTISM & ,DEMOCRACY1 P]HAPS SOME WILL ANSW]4  ,NOT QUITE1 ,I ?9K2 ?AT CONTE/ WAS PRACTICALLY SETTL$ BY ! GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION2 IT IS ONLY ITS EMB]S :I* >E BURN+ N[3  OR AT LEA/ ?AT IS SO 9 ! C\NTRIES :I* >E NOT BELAT$ LIKE ,RUSSIA1 = 9/ANCE4  ,DEMOCRACY1 OR AT LEA/ :AT US$ TO BE CONSID]$ ,DEMOCRACY1 IS N[ TRIUMPHANT2 & ?\< IT IS TRUE ?AT !RE >E C\NTRIES :]E FRE$OM ( SPEE* IS REPRESS$ BESIDES ,RUSSIA1 AS E4G41 ,G]MANY & ,IREL&7#f71 ?AT ONLY HAPP5S :5 ! RUL]S ( ! TRIUMPHANT ,DEMOCRACY >E BEG9N+ TO BE AFRAID ( ! NEW ORD] ( ?+S1 N[ BECOM+ CONSCI\S ( ITSELF1 & >E BE+ DRIV5 9TO REACTION 9 CONSEQU5CE4  ,NO1 IT IS NOT ,ABSOLUTISM & ,DEMOCRACY AS ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION UND]/OOD ?OSE TWO WORDS ?AT >E ! 5EMIES N[3  ! ISSUE IS DEEP] ?AN IT WAS2 ! TWO FOES >E N[ ,MA/]%IP & ,FELL[%IP4  ,?IS IS A F> MORE S]I\S QU>REL ?AN ! OLD ONE1 & 9VOLVES A MU* COMPLET] REVOLUTION4 ,! GR\NDS ( CONFLICT >E REALLY QUITE DIFF]5T4  ,DEMOCRACY SAID & SAYS1 M5 %ALL NOT BE ! MA/]S ( O!RS1 BECAUSE H]$IT>Y PRIVILEGE HAS MADE A RACE OR A FAMILY SO1 & !Y HAPP5 TO BELONG TO SU* RACE2 !Y %ALL 9DIVIDUALLY GR[ 9TO BE+ ! MA/]S ( O!RS BY ! DEVELOPM5T ( C]TA9 QUALITIES UND] A SY/EM ( AU?ORITY :I* ,>,T,I,F,I,C,I,A,L,L,Y PROTECTS ! WEAL? ( EV]Y MAN1 IF HE HAS ACQUIR$ IT 9 ACCORDANCE ) ?IS >TIFICIAL SY/EM1 FROM ! 9T]F]5CE ( EV]Y O!R1 OR FROM ALL O!RS COMB9$4  

,! NEW ORD] ( ?+S SAYS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 :Y HAVE MA/]S AT ALL8 LET US BE ,F,E,L,L,[,S WORK+ 9 ! H>MONY ( ASSOCIATION = ! COMMON GOOD1 ?AT IS1 = ! GREATE/ HAPP9ESS & COMPLETE/ DEVELOPM5T ( EV]Y HUMAN BE+ 9 ! COMMUNITY4  

,?IS IDEAL & HOPE ( A NEW SOCIETY F\ND$ ON 9DU/RIAL PEACE & =E?\<T1 BE>+ ) IT ITS [N E?ICS1 AIM+ AT A NEW & HI<] LIFE = ALL M51 HAS RECEIV$ ! G5]AL NAME ( ,SOCIALISM1 & IT IS MY FIRM BELIEF ?AT IT IS DE/9$ TO SUP]S$E ! OLD ORD] ( ?+S F\ND$ ON 9DU/RIAL W>1 & TO BE ! NEXT /EP 9 ! PROGRESS ( HUMANITY4  

,N[1 S9CE ,I MU/ EXPLA9 FUR!R :AT >E ! AIMS ( ,SOCIALISM1 ! IDEAL ( ! NEW EPO*1 ,I F9D ?AT ,I MU/ BEG9 BY EXPLA9+ TO Y\ :AT IS ! CON/ITUTION ( ! OLD ORD] :I* IT IS DE/9$ TO SUPPLANT4  ,IF ,I CAN MAKE ?AT CLE> TO Y\1 ,I %ALL HAVE ALSO MADE CLE> TO Y\ ! FIR/ AIM ( ,SOCIALISM3  = ,I HAVE SAID ?AT ! PRES5T & DECAY+ ORD] ( ?+S1 LIKE ?OSE :I* HAVE GONE BE=E IT1 HAS TO BE PROPP$ UP BY A SY/EM ( >TIFICIAL AU?ORITY2 :5 ?AT >TIFICIAL AU?ORITY HAS BE5 SWEPT AWAY1 H>MONI\S ASSOCIATION WILL BE FELT BY ALL M5 TO BE A NECESSITY ( !IR HAPPY & UNDEGRAD$ EXI/5CE ON ! E>?1 & ,SOCIALISM WILL BECOME ! CONDITION UND] :I* WE %ALL ALL LIVE1 & IT WILL DEVELOP NATURALLY1 & PROBABLY ) NO VIOL5T CONFLICT1 :ATEV] DETAIL$ SY/EM MAY BE NECESS>Y3  ,I SAY ! /RUGGLE WILL NOT BE OV] !SE DETAILS1 :I* WILL SURELY V>Y ACCORD+ TO ! DIFF]5CE ( UN*ANGEABLE NATURAL SURR\ND+S1 BUT OV] ! QUE/ION1 %ALL IT BE MA/]%IP OR FELL[%IP8  

,LET US SEE !N :AT IS ! CONDITION ( SOCIETY UND] ! LA/ DEVELOPM5T ( MA/]%IP1 ! COMM]CIAL SY/EM1 :I* HAS TAK5 ! PLACE ( ! ,FEUDAL SY/EM4  

,LIKE ALL O!R SY/EMS ( SOCIETY1 IT IS F\ND$ ON ! NECESSITY ( MAN CONQU]+ HIS SUBSI/5CE FROM ,NATURE BY LABOR1 & ALSO1 LIKE MO/ O!R SY/EMS ?AT WE KN[ (1 IT PRESUPPOSES ! UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( LABOR AMONG DIFF]5T CLASSES ( SOCIETY1 & ! UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( ! RESULTS ( ?AT LABOR3  IT DOES NOT DIFF] 9 ?AT RESPECT FROM ! SY/EM :I* IT SUPPLANT$2 IT HAS ONLY ALT]$ ! ME?OD :]EBY ?AT UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION %\LD BE >RANG$4  ,!RE >E /ILL RI* PEOPLE & POOR PEOPLE AMONG US1 AS !RE W]E 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES2 NAY1 !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT1 RELATIVELY AT LEA/ TO ! SUM ( WEAL? EXI/+1 ! RI* >E RI*] & ! POOR >E POOR] N[ ?AN !Y W]E !N4  ,H[EV] ?AT MAY BE1 9 ANY CASE N[ AS !N !RE >E PEOPLE :O HAVE MU* WORK & LITTLE WEAL? LIV+ BESIDE O!R PEOPLE :O HAVE MU* WEAL? & LITTLE WORK4  ,! RI*E/ >E /ILL ! IDLE/1 & ?OSE :O WORK H>DE/ & P]=M ! MO/ PA9FUL TASKS >E ! WOR/ REW>D$ = !IR LABOR4  

,TO ME1 & ,I %\LD HOPE TO MY READ]S1 ?IS SEEMS GROSSLY UNFAIR2 & ,I MAY REM9D Y\ H]E ?AT ! WORLD HAS ALWAYS HAD A S5SE ( ITS 9JU/ICE4  ,= C5TURY AFT] C5TURY1 :ILE SOCIETY HAS /R5U\SLY BOL/]$ UP ?IS 9JU/ICE =CIBLY & >TIFICIALLY1 IT HAS PR(ESS$ BELIEF 9 PHILOSOPHIES1 CODES ( E?ICS1 & RELIGIONS :I* HAVE 9CULCAT$ JU/ICE & FAIR DEAL+ BETWE5 M53  NAY1 SOME ( !M HAVE GONE SO F> AS TO BID US BE> ONE ANO!R'S BURD5S1 & HAVE PUT BE=E M5 ! DUTY1 & 9 ! LONG RUN ! PLEASURE1 ( ! /RONG WORK+ = ! WEAK1 ! WISE = ! FOOLI%1 ! HELPFUL = ! HELPLESS2 & YET !SE PRECEPTS ( MORALITY HAVE BE5 SET ASIDE 9 PRACTICE AS P]SI/5TLY AS !Y HAVE BE5 PREA*$ 9 !ORY2 & NATURALLY SO1 S9CE !Y ATTACK ! V]Y BASIS ( CLASS SOCIETY4  ,I AS A ,SOCIALI/ AM B\ND TO PREA* !M TO Y\ ONCE MORE1 ASSUR+ Y\ ?AT !Y >E NO M]E FOOLI% DREAMS BIDD+ US TO DO :AT WE N[ MU/ ACKN[L$GE TO BE IMPOSSIBLE1 BUT REASONABLE RULES ( ACTION1 GOOD = \R DEF5SE AGA9/ ! TYRANNY ( ,NATURE4  ,ANYH[1 HONE/ M5 HAVE ! *OICE BE=E !M ( EI!R PUTT+ !SE !ORIES 9 PRACTICE OR REJECT+ !M ALTOGE!R4  ,IF !Y WILL BUT FACE ?AT DILEMMA1 ,I ?9K WE %ALL SOON HAVE A NEW WORLD ( IT2 YET ,I FE> !Y WILL F9D IT H>D TO DO SO3  ! !ORY IS OLD1 & WE HAVE GOT US$ TO IT & ITS =M ( WORDS3  ! PRACTICE IS NEW1 & W\LD 9VOLVE RESPONSIBILITIES WE HAVE NOT YET ?\<T MU* (4  

,N[ ! GREAT DIFF]5CE BETWE5 \R PRES5T SY/EM & ?AT ( ! FEUDAL P]IOD IS ?AT1 AS F> AS ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE >E CONC]N$1 ALL DI/9CTION ( CLASSES IS ABOLI%$ EXCEPT ?AT BETWE5 RI* & POOR3  SOCIETY IS ?US SIMPLIFI$2 ! >BITR>Y DI/9CTION IS GONE1 ! REAL ONE REMA9S & IS F> MORE /R+5T ?AN ! >BITR>Y ONE WAS4  ,ONCE ALL SOCIETY WAS RUDE1 !RE WAS LITTLE REAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! G5TLEMAN & ! NON-G5TLEMAN1 & Y\ HAD TO DRESS !M DIFF]5TLY FROM ONE ANO!R 9 ORD] TO DI/+UI% !M4  ,BUT N[ A WELL-TO-DO MAN IS A REF9$ & CULTIVAT$ BE+1 5JOY+ TO ! FULL HIS %>E ( ! CONQUE/ OV] ,NATURE :I* ! MOD]N WORLD HAS A*IEV$1 :ILE ! POOR MAN IS RUDE & DEGRAD$1 & HAS NO %>E 9 ! WEAL? CONQU]$ BY MOD]N SCI5CE FROM ,NATURE3  HE IS C]TA9LY NO BETT] AS TO MAT]IAL CONDITION ?AN ! S]F ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 P]HAPS HE IS WORSE3  TO MY M9D HE IS AT LEA/ WORSE ?AN ! SAVAGE LIV+ 9 A GOOD CLIMATE4  

,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT ANY ?\<TFUL MAN S]I\SLY D5IES ?IS3  LET US TRY TO SEE :AT BR+S IT AB\T2 LET US SEE IT AS CLE>LY AS WE ALL SEE ?AT ! H]$IT>Y PRIVILEGE ( ! NOBLE CA/E1 & ! CONSEQU5T S]F SLAV]Y ( ! WORK]S ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 BR\<T AB\T ! PECULI> CONDITIONS ( ?AT P]IOD4  

,SOCIETY IS N[ DIVID$ BETWE5 TWO CLASSES1 ?OSE :O MONOPOLIZE ALL ! MEANS ( ! PRODUCTION ( WEAL? SAVE ONE2 & ?OSE :O POSSESS NO?+ EXCEPT ?AT ONE1 ! ,P[] ( ,LABOR4  ,?AT P[] ( LABOR IS USELESS TO ITS POSSESSORS1 & CANNOT BE EX]CIS$ )\T ! HELP ( ! O!R MEANS ( PRODUCTION2 BUT ?OSE :O HAVE NO?+ BUT LABOR-P[]--I4E41 :O HAVE NO MEANS ( MAK+ O!RS WORK = !M1 MU/ WORK = !MSELVES 9 ORD] TO LIVE2 & !Y MU/ !RE=E APPLY TO ! [N]S ( ! MEANS ( FRUCTIFY+ LABOR--I4E41 ! L&1 MA*9]Y1 @&C41 = LEAVE TO WORK ?AT !Y MAY LIVE4  ,! POSSESS+ CLASS 7AS = %ORT WE WILL CALL !M7 >E QUITE PREP>$ TO GRANT ?IS LEAVE1 & 9DE$ !Y MU/ GRANT IT IF !Y >E TO USE ! LABOR-P[] ( ! NON-POSSESS+ CLASS = !IR [N ADVANTAGE1 :I* IS !IR SPECIAL PRIVILEGE4  ,BUT ?AT PRIVILEGE 5ABLES !M TO ,C,O,M,P,E,L ! NON-POSSESS+ CLASS TO SELL !M !IR LABOR-P[] ON T]MS :I* 5SURE ! CONT9UANCE ( !IR MONOPOLY4  ,!SE T]MS >E AT ! \TSET V]Y SIMPLE4  ,! POSSESS+ CLASS1 OR MA/]S1 ALL[ ! M5 JU/ SO MU* ( ! WEAL? PRODUC$ BY !IR LABOR AS WILL GIVE !M SU* A LIVELIHOOD AS IS CONSID]$ NECESS>Y AT ! TIME1 & WILL P]MIT !M TO BRE$ & RE> *ILDR5 TO A WORK+ AGE3  ?AT IS ! SIMPLE CONDITION ( ! 0B>GA90 :I* OBTA9S :5 ! LABOR-P[] REQUIR$ IS L[ 9 QUALITY1 :AT IS CALL$ UNSKILL$ LABOR1 & :5 ! WORK]S >E TOO WEAK OR IGNORANT TO COMB9E SO AS TO ?REAT5 ! MA/]S ) SOME =M ( REBELLION4 ,:5 SKILL$ LABOR IS WANT$1 & ! LABOR] HAS CONSEQU5TLY CO/ MORE TO PRODUCE1 & IS R>] TO BE F\ND1 ! PRICE ( ! >TICLE IS HI<]3  AS ALSO :5 ! COMMODITY LABOR TAKES TO ?9K+ & REMEMB]S ?AT AFT] ALL IT IS ALSO M51 & AS A=ESAID HOLDS \T ?REATS TO ! MA/]S2 9 ?AT CASE !Y = !IR P>T G5]ALLY ?9K IT PRUD5T TO GIVE WAY1 :5 ! COMPETITION ( ! M>KET ALL[S !M TO DO SO1 & SO ! /&>D ( LIVELIHOOD = ! WORK]S RISES4  

,BUT TO SPEAK PLA9LY1 ! GREAT] P>T ( ! WORK]S1 9 SPITE ( /RIKES & ,TRADES' ,UNIONS1 DO GET LITTLE MORE ?AN A B>E SUBSI/5CE WAGE1 & :5 !Y GR[ SICK OR OLD !Y W\LD DIE \TRI<T IF IT W]E NOT = ! REFUGE AF=D$ !M BY ! WORKH\SE1 :I* IS PURPOSELY MADE AS PRISON-LIKE & WRET*$ AS POSSIBLE1 9 ORD] TO PREV5T ! L[]-PAID WORK]S FROM TAK+ REFUGE 9 IT BE=E ! TIME ( !IR ,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L DEA?4  

,N[ COMES ! QUE/ION AS TO H[ ! MA/]S >E ABLE TO =CE ! M5 TO SELL !IR COMMODITY LABOR-P[] SO DIRT-*EAP )\T TREAT+ !M AS ! ANCI5TS TREAT$ !IR SLAVES--I4E41 ) ! :IP4  ,WELL1 ( C\RSE Y\ UND]/& ?AT ! MA/] HAV+ PAID HIS WORKM5 :AT !Y CAN LIVE UPON1 & HAV+ PAID = ! WE> & TE> ( MA*9]Y & O!R EXP5SES ( ?AT K9D1 HAS = HIS %>E :ATEV] REMA9S OV] & ABOVE1 ,! ,:,O,L,E ,( ,:,I,* ,H,E ,G,E,T,S ,F,R,O,M ,! ,E,X,],C,I,S,E ,( ,! ,L,A,B,O,R-,P,[,] ,P,O,S,S,E,S,S,$ ,B,Y ,! ,W,O,R,K,]3  HE IS ANXI\S !RE=E TO MAKE ! MO/ ( ?IS PRIVILEGE1 & COMPETES ) HIS FELL[-MANUFACTUR]S TO ! UTMO/ 9 ! M>KET3  SO ?AT ! DI/RIBUTION ( W>ES IS ORGANIZ$ ON A GAMBL+ BASIS1 & AS A CONSEQU5CE MANY MORE H&S >E NE$$ :5 TRADE IS BRISK ?AN :5 IT IS SLACK1 OR EV5 9 AN ORD9>Y CONDITION3  UND] ! /IMULUS ALSO ( ! LU/ = ACQUIR+ ?IS SURPLUS VALUE ( LABOR1 ! GREAT MA*9ES ( \R EPO* W]E 9V5T$ & >E YE>LY IMPROV$1 & !Y ACT ON LABOR 9 A ?REEFOLD WAY3  FIR/ !Y GET RID ( MANY H&S2 NEXT !Y L[] ! QUALITY ( ! LABOR REQUIR$1 SO ?AT SKILL$ WORK IS WANT$ LESS & LESS2 ?IRDLY1 ! IMPROVEM5T 9 !M =CES ! WORK]S TO WORK H>D] :ILE !Y >E AT WORK1 AS NOTABLY 9 ! COTTON-SP9N+ 9DU/RY4  ,ALSO 9 MO/ TRADES WOM5 & *ILDR5 >E EMPLOY$1 TO :OM IT IS NOT EV5 PRET5D$ ?AT A SUBSI/5CE WAGE IS GIV54  ,[+ TO ALL !SE CAUSES1 ! RES]VE >MY ( LABOR NECESS>Y TO \R PRES5T SY/EM ( MANUFACTURES = ! GAMBL+ M>KET1 ! 9TRODUCTION ( LABOR-SAV+ MA*9ES 7LABOR SAV$ = ! MA/]1 M9D Y\1 NOT ! MAN71 & ! 9T5SIFY+ ( ! LABOR :ILE IT LA/S1 ! EMPLOYM5T ( ! AUXILI>Y LABOR ( WOM5 & *ILDR53  [+ TO ALL ?IS !RE >E 9 ORD9>Y YE>S EV51 NOT M]ELY 9 SPECIALLY BAD YE>S LIKE ! CURR5T ONE7#g71 MORE WORK]S ?AN !RE IS WORK = !M TO DO4  ,! WORK]S !RE=E UND]SELL ONE ANO!R 9 DISPOS+ ( !IR ONE COMMODITY1 LABOR-P[]1 & >E =C$ TO DO SO1 OR !Y W\LD NOT BE ALL[$ TO WORK1 & !RE=E W\LD HAVE TO />VE OR GO TO ! PRISON CALL$ ! WORKH\SE4  ,?IS IS :Y ! MA/]S AT ! PRES5T DAY >E ABLE TO DISP5SE ) ! EX]CISE ( OBVI\S VIOL5CE :I* 9 BYGONE TIMES !Y US$ T[>DS !IR SLAVES4  

,?IS !N IS ! FIR/ DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! TWO GREAT CLASSES ( MOD]N ,SOCIETY3  ! UPP] CLASS POSSESSES WEAL?1 ! L[] LACKS WEAL?2 BUT !RE IS ANO!R DI/9CTION TO :I* ,I WILL N[ DRAW Y\R ATT5TION3  ! CLASS :I* LACKS WEAL? IS ! CLASS ?AT PRODUCES IT1 ! CLASS ?AT POSSESSES IT DOES NOT PRODUCE IT1 IT CONSUMES IT ONLY4  ,IF BY ANY *ANCE ! SO-CALL$ L[] CLASS W]E TO P]I% OR LEAVE ! COMMUNITY1 PRODUCTION ( WEAL? W\LD COME TO A /&/ILL1 UNTIL ! WEAL?-[N]S HAD LE>N$ H[ TO PRODUCE1 UNTIL !Y HAD DESC5D$ FROM !IR POSITION1 & HAD TAK5 ! PLACE ( !IR =M] SLAVES4  ,IF ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! WEAL?-[N]S W]E TO DISAPPE>1 PRODUCTION ( WEAL? W\LD AT ! WOR/ BE ONLY H9D]$ = A:ILE1 & PROBABLY W\LD GO ON PRETTY MU* AS IT DOES N[4  

,BUT Y\ MAY SAY1 ?\< IT IS C]TA9 ?AT SOME ( ! WEAL?-[N]S1 AS L&LORDS1 HOLD]S ( FUNDS1 & ! LIKE DO NO?+1 YET !RE >E MANY ( !M :O WORK H>D4  ,WELL1 ?AT IS TRUE1 & P]HAPS NO?+ SO CLE>LY %[S ! EXTREME FOLLY ( ! PRES5T SY/EM ?AN ?IS FACT ?AT !RE >E SO MANY ABLE & 9DU/RI\S M5 EMPLOY$ BY IT1 9 WORK+ H>D AT--NO?+3  NO?+ OR WORSE4  ,!Y WORK1 BUT !Y DO NOT PRODUCE4  

,IT IS TRUE ?AT SOME USEFUL OCCUPATIONS >E 9 ! H&S ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 PHYSIC1 $UCATION1 & ! F9E >TS1 E4G4  ,! M5 :O WORK AT !SE OCCUPATIONS >E C]TA9LY WORK+ USEFULLY2 & ALL ?AT WE CAN SAY AGA9/ !M IS ?AT !Y >E SOMETIMES PAID TOO HI< 9 PROPORTION TO ! PAY ( O!R USEFUL P]SONS1 :I* HI< PAY IS GIV5 !M 9 RECOGNITION ( !IR BE+ ! P>ASITES ( ! POSSESS+ CLASSES4  ,BUT EV5 AS TO NUMB]S !SE >E NOT A V]Y L>GE P>T ( ! POSSESSORS ( WEAL?1 &1 AS TO ! WEAL? !Y HOLD1 IT IS QUITE 9SIGNIFICANT COMP>$ ) ?AT HELD BY ?OSE :O DO NO?+ USEFUL4  

,( !SE LA/1 SOME1 AS WE ALL AGREE1 DO NOT PRET5D TO DO ANY?+ EXCEPT AMUSE !MSELVES1 & PROBABLY !SE >E ! LEA/ H>MFUL ( ! USELESS CLASSES4  ,!N !RE >E O!RS :O FOLL[ OCCUPATIONS :I* W\LD HAVE NO PLACE 9 A REASONABLE CONDITION ( SOCIETY1 AS1 E4G41 LAWY]S1 JUDGES1 JAIL]S1 & SOLDI]S ( ! HI<] GRADES1 & MO/ ,GOV]NM5T (FICIALS4  ,F9ALLY COMES ! MU* GREAT] GR\P ( ?OSE :O >E 5GAG$ 9 GAMBL+ OR FI<T+ = !IR 9DIVIDUAL %>ES ( ! TRIBUTE :I* !IR CLASS COMPELS ! WORK+-CLASS TO YIELD TO IT3  !SE >E ! GR\P ?AT ONE CALLS BROADLY BUS9ESS M51 ! CONDUCTORS ( \R COMM]CE1 IF Y\ PLEASE TO CALL !M SO4  

,TO EXTRACT A GOOD PROPORTION ( ?IS TRIBUTE1 & TO KEEP AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ( IT :5 EXTRACT$ = ONESELF1 IS ! MA9 BUS9ESS ( LIFE = !SE M51 ?AT IS1 = MO/ WELL-TO-DO & RI* PEOPLE2 IT IS CALL$1 QUITE 9ACCURATELY1 0MONEY-MAK+20 & ?OSE :O >E MO/ SUCCESSFUL 9 ?IS OCCUPATION >E1 9 SPITE ( ALL HYPOCRITICAL PRET5SES TO ! CONTR>Y1 ! P]SONS MO/ RESPECT$ BY ! PUBLIC4  

,A WORD OR TWO AS TO ! TRIBUTE EXTRACT$ FROM ! WORK]S AS A=ESAID4  ,IT IS NO TRIFLE1 BUT AM\NTS TO AT LEA/ TWO-?IRDS ( ALL ?AT ! WORK] PRODUCES2 BUT Y\ MU/ UND]/& ?AT IT IS NOT ALL TAK5 DIRECTLY FROM ! WORKMAN BY HIS IMM$IATE EMPLOY]1 BUT BY ! EMPLOY+ CLASS4  ,BESIDES ! TRIBUTE OR PR(IT ( ! DIRECT EMPLOY]1 :I* IS 9 ALL CASES AS MU* AS HE CAN GET AMID HIS COMPETITION OR W> ) O!R EMPLOY]S1 ! WORK] HAS ALSO TO PAY TAXES 9 V>I\S =MS1 & ! GREAT] P>T ( ! WEAL? SO EXTORT$ IS AT ! BE/ M]ELY WA/$3  & REMEMB]1 :OEV] ,S,E,E,M,S TO PAY ! TAXES1 LABOR 9 ! LONG RUN IS ! ONLY REAL TAXPAY]4 ,!N HE HAS TO PAY H\SE-R5T1 & V]Y MU* HEAVI] R5T 9 PROPORTION TO HIS E>N+S ?AN WELL-TO-DO PEOPLE HAVE4  ,HE HAS ALSO TO PAY ! COMMISSION ( ! MIDDLE-M5 :O DI/RIBUTE ! GOODS :I* HE HAS MADE1 9 A WAY SO WA/EFUL ?AT N[ ALL ?9K+ PEOPLE CRY \T AGA9/ IT1 ?\< !Y >E QUITE HELPLESS AGA9/ IT 9 \R PRES5T SOCIETY4  ,F9ALLY1 HE HAS (T5 TO PAY AN EXTRA TAX 9 ! %APE ( A CONTRIBUTION TO A B5EFIT SOCIETY OR TRADES' UNION1 :I* IS REALLY A TAX ON ! PREC>I\SNESS ( HIS EMPLOYM5T CAUS$ BY ! GAMBL+ ( HIS MA/]S 9 ! M>KET4  ,9 %ORT1 BESIDES ! PR(IT OR ! RESULT ( UNPAID LABOR :I* HE YIELDS TO HIS IMM$IATE MA/] HE HAS TO GIVE BACK A L>GE P>T ( HIS WAGES TO ! CLASS ( :I* HIS MA/] IS A P>T4  

,! PRIVILEGE ( ! POSSESS+ CLASS !RE=E CONSI/S 9 !IR LIV+ ON ?IS TRIBUTE1 !Y !MSELVES EI!R NOT WORK+ OR WORK+ UNPRODUCTIVELY--I4E41 LIV+ ON ! LABOR ( O!RS2 NO O!RWISE ?AN AS ! MA/] ( ANCI5T DAYS LIV$ ON ! LABOR ( HIS SLAVE1 OR AS ! B>ON LIV$ ON ! LABOR ( HIS S]F4  ,IF ! CAPITAL ( ! RI* MAN CONSI/S ( L&1 HE IS ABLE TO =CE A T5ANT TO IMPROVE HIS L& = HIM & PAY HIM TRIBUTE 9 ! =M ( RACK- R5T2 & AT ! 5D ( ! TRANSACTION HAS HIS L& AGA91 G5]ALLY IMPROV$1 SO ?AT HE CAN BEG9 AGA9 & GO ON = EV]1 HE & HIS HEIRS1 DO+ NO?+1 A M]E BURD5 ON ! COMMUNITY = EV]1 :ILE O!RS >E WORK+ = HIM4  ,IF HE HAS H\SES ON HIS L& HE HAS R5T = !M ALSO1 (T5 RECEIV+ ! VALUE ( ! BUILD+ MANY TIMES OV]1 & 9 ! 5D H\SE & L& ONCE MORE4  ,NOT SELDOM A PIECE ( B>R5 GR\ND OR SWAMP1 WOR? NO?+ 9 ITSELF1 BECOMES A S\RCE ( HUGE =TUNE TO HIM FROM ! DEVELOPM5T ( A T[N OR A DI/RICT1 & HE POCKETS ! RESULTS ( ! LABOR ( ?\S&S UPON ?\S&S ( M51 & CALLS IT HIS PROP]TY3  OR ! E>? B5EA? ! SURFACE IS F\ND TO BE RI* 9 COAL OR M9]ALS1 & AGA9 HE MU/ BE PAID VA/ SUMS = ALL[+ O!RS TO LABOR !M 9TO M>KETABLE W>ES1 TO :I* LABOR HE CONTRIBUTES NO?+4  

,OR AGA91 IF HIS CAPITAL CONSI/S ( CA%1 HE GOES 9TO ! LABOR M>KET & BUYS ! LABOR-P[] ( M51 WOM5 & *ILDR51 & USES IT = ! PRODUCTION ( W>ES :I* %ALL BR+ HIM 9 A PR(IT1 BUY+ IT ( C\RSE AT ! L[E/ PRICE ?AT HE CAN1 AVAIL+ HIMSELF ( !IR NECESSITIES TO KEEP !IR LIVELIHOOD D[N TO ! L[E/ PO9T :I* !Y WILL BE>3  :I* 9DE$ HE ,M,U,/ DO1 OR HE HIMSELF WILL BE OV]COME 9 ! W> ) HIS FELL[-CAPITALI/S4  ,NEI!R 9 ?IS CASE DOES HE DO ANY USEFUL WORK1 & HE NE$ NOT DO ANY SEMBLANCE ( IT1 S9CE HE MAY BUY ! BRA9-P[] ( MANAG]S AT A SOME:AT HI<] RATE ?AN HE BUYS ! H&-P[] ( ! ORD9>Y WORKMAN4  ,BUT EV5 :5 HE DOES SEEM TO BE DO+ SOME?+1 & RECEIVES ! POMP\S TITLE ( 0ORGANIZ] ( LABOR10 HE IS NOT REALLY ORGANIZ+ ,L,A,B,O,R1 BUT ! BATTLE ) HIS IMM$IATE 5EMIES1 ! O!R CAPITALI/S1 :O >E 9 ! SAME L9E ( BUS9ESS ) HIMSELF4  

,FUR!RMORE1 ?\< IT IS TRUE1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 ?AT ! WORK+- CLASS >E ! ONLY PRODUC]S1 YET ONLY A P>T ( !M >E ALL[$ TO PRODUCE USEFULLY2 = ! M5 ( ! NON-PRODUC+ CLASSES HAV+ (T5 MU* MORE WEAL? ?AN !Y CAN ,U,S,E >E =C$ TO ,W,A,/,E IT 9 M]E LUXURIES & FOLLIES1 ?AT ON ! ONE H& H>M !MSELVES1 & ON ! O!R )DRAW A V]Y L>GE P>T ( ! WORK]S FROM USEFUL WORK1 !REBY COMPELL+ ?OSE :O DO PRODUCE USEFULLY TO WORK ! H>D] & MORE GRIEV\SLY3  9 %ORT1 ! ESS5TIAL ACCOMPANIM5T ( ! SY/EM IS WA/E4  

,H[ C\LD IT BE O!RWISE1 S9CE IT IS A SY/EM ( W>8  ,I HAVE M5TION$ 9CID5TALLY ?AT ALL ! EMPLOY]S ( LABOR >E AT W> ) EA* O!R1 & Y\ WILL PROBABLY SEE ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO MY ACC\NT ( ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! TWO GREAT CLASSES1 !Y ALSO >E AT W>4  ,EA* CAN ONLY GA9 AT ! O!RS' LOSS3  ! EMPLOY+ CLASS IS =C$ TO MAKE ! MO/ ( ITS PRIVILEGE1 ! POSSESSION ( ! MEANS = ! EX]CISE ( LABOR1 & :ATEV] IT GETS TO ITSELF CAN ONLY BE GOT AT ! EXP5SE ( ! WORK+-CLASS2 & ?AT CLASS 9 ITS TURN CAN ONLY RAISE ITS /&>D ( LIVELIHOOD AT ! EXP5SE ( ! POSSESS+ CLASS2 IT IS ,=,C,$ TO YIELD AS LITTLE TRIBUTE TO IT AS IT CAN HELP2 !RE IS !RE=E CON/ANT W> ALWAYS GO+ ON BETWE5 !SE TWO CLASSES1 :E!R !Y >E CONSCI\S ( IT OR NOT4  

,TO RECAPITULATE3  ,9 \R MOD]N SOCIETY !RE >E TWO CLASSES1 A USEFUL & A USELESS CLASS2 ! USELESS CLASS IS CALL$ ! UPP]1 ! USEFUL ! L[] CLASS4  ,! USELESS OR UPP] CLASS1 HAV+ ! MONOPOLY ( ALL ! MEANS ( ! PRODUCTION ( WEAL? SAVE ! P[] ( LABOR1 CAN & DOES COMPEL ! USEFUL OR L[] CLASS TO WORK = ITS [N DISADVANTAGE1 & = ! ADVANTAGE ( ! UPP] CLASS2 NOR WILL ! LATT] ALL[ ! USEFUL CLASS TO WORK ON ANY O!R T]MS4 ,?IS >RANGEM5T NECESS>ILY MEANS AN 9CREAS+ CONTE/1 FIR/ ( ! CLASSES ONE AGA9/ ! O!R1 & NEXT ( ! 9DIVIDUALS ( EA* CLASS AMONG !MSELVES4  

,MO/ ?9K+ PEOPLE ADMIT ! TRU? ( :AT ,I HAVE JU/ /AT$1 BUT MANY ( !M BELIEVE ?AT ! SY/EM1 ?\< OBVI\SLY UNJU/ & WA/EFUL1 IS NECESS>Y 7?\< P]HAPS !Y CANNOT GIVE !IR REASONS = !IR BELIEF71 & SO !Y CAN SEE NO?+ = IT BUT PALLIAT+ ! WOR/ EVILS ( ! SY/EM3  BUT1 S9CE ! V>I\S PALLIATIVES 9 FA%ION AT ONE TIME OR ANO!R HAVE FAIL$ EA* 9 ITS TURN1 ,I CALL UPON !M1 FIR/LY1 TO CONSID] :E!R ! SY/EM ITSELF MI<T NOT BE *ANG$1 & SECONDLY1 TO LOOK R\ND & NOTE ! SIGNS ( APPROA*+ *ANGE4  

,LET US REMEMB] FIR/ ?AT EV5 SAVAGES LIVE1 ?\< !Y HAVE POOR TOOLS1 NO MA*9]Y1 & NO COOP]ATION1 9 !IR WORK3  BUT AS SOON AS A MAN BEG9S TO USE GOOD TOOLS & WORK ) SOME K9D ( CO- OP]ATION HE BECOMES ABLE TO PRODUCE MORE ?AN 5\< = HIS [N B>E NECESS>IES1 ,ALL 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY IS F\ND$ ON ?AT FACT1 EV5 FROM ! TIME :5 WORKM5 W]E M]E *ATTEL SLAVES4  ,:AT A /RANGE SOCIETY !N IS ?IS ( \RS1 :]E9 :ILE ONE SET ( PEOPLE CANNOT USE !IR WEAL?1 !Y HAVE SO MU*1 BUT >E OBLIG$ TO WA/E IT1 ANO!R SET >E SC>CELY IF AT ALL BETT] ?AN ?OSE HAPLESS SAVAGES :O HAVE NEI!R TOOLS NOR COOP]ATION6  ,SURELY IF ?IS CANNOT BE SET RI<T1 CIVILIZ$ MANK9D MU/ WRITE ITSELF D[N A CIVILIZ$ FOOL4  

,H]E IS ! WORKMAN N[1 ?OR\<LY ORGANIZ$ = PRODUCTION1 WORK+ = PRODUCTION ) COMPLETE COOP]ATION1 & ?R\< M>VEL\S MA*9ES2 SURELY IF A SLAVE 9 ,>I/OTLE'S TIME C\LD DO MORE ?AN KEEP HIMSELF ALIVE1 ! PRES5T WORKMAN CAN DO MU* MORE--AS WE ALL V]Y WELL KN[ ?AT HE CAN4  ,:Y !RE=E %\LD HE BE O!RWISE ?AN 9 A COM=TABLE CONDITION8  ,SIMPLY BECAUSE ( ! CLASS SY/EM1 :I* ) ONE H& PLUND]S1 & ) ! O!R WA/ES ! WEAL? WON BY ! WORKMAN'S LABOR4  ,IF ! WORKMAN HAD ! FULL RESULTS ( HIS LABOR HE W\LD 9 ALL CASES BE COM=TABLY (F1 IF HE W]E WORK+ 9 AN UNWA/EFUL WAY4  ,BUT 9 ORD] TO WORK UNWA/EFULLY HE MU/ WORK = HIS [N LIVELIHOOD1 & NOT TO 5ABLE ANO!R MAN TO LIVE )\T PRODUC+3  IF HE HAS TO SU/A9 ANO!R MAN 9 IDL5ESS :O IS CAPABLE ( WORK+ = HIMSELF1 HE IS TREAT$ UNFAIRLY2 &1 BELIEVE ME1 HE WILL ONLY DO SO AS LONG HE IS COMPELL$ TO SUBMIT BY IGNORANCE & BRUTE =CE4  ,WELL1 !N1 HE HAS A RI<T TO CLAIM ! WEAL? PRODUC$ BY HIS LABOR1 & 9 CONSEQU5CE TO 9SI/ ?AT ALL %ALL PRODUCE :O >E ABLE TO DO SO2 BUT ALSO UND\BT$LY HIS LABOR MU/ BE ORGANIZ$1 OR HE WILL SOON F9D HIMSELF RELAPS+ 9TO ! CONDITION ( ! SAVAGE4  ,BUT 9 ORD] ?AT HIS LABOR MAY BE ORGANIZ$ PROP]LY HE MU/ HAVE ONLY ONE 5EMY TO CONT5D )-- ,NATURE TO WIT1 :O AS IT W]E EGGS HIM ON TO ! CONFLICT AGA9/ H]SELF1 & IS GRATEFUL TO HIM = OV]COM+ H]2 A FRI5D 9 ! GUISE ( AN 5EMY4  ,!RE MU/ BE NO CONT5TION ( MAN ) MAN1 BUT ,A,S,S,O,C,I,A,T,I,O,N 9/EAD2 SO ONLY CAN LABOR BE REALLY ORGANIZ$1 H>MONI\SLY ORGANIZ$4  ,BUT H>MONY CANNOT CO-EXI/ ) CONT5TION = 9DIVIDUAL GA93  M5 MU/ WORK = ! COMMON GA9 IF ! WORLD IS TO BE RAIS$ \T ( ITS PRES5T MIS]Y2 !RE=E ?AT CLAIM ( ! WORKMAN 7?AT IS ( EV]Y ABLE MAN7 MU/ BE SUBJECT TO ! FACT ?AT HE IS BUT A P>T ( A H>MONI\S :OLE3  HE IS WOR?LESS )\T ! COOP]ATION ( HIS FELL[S1 :O HELP HIM ACCORD+ TO !IR CAPACITIES3  HE \<T TO FEEL1 & WILL FEEL :5 HE HAS HIS RI<T S5SES1 ?AT HE IS WORK+ = HIS [N 9T]E/ :5 HE IS WORK+ = ?AT ( ! COMMUNITY4  

,SO WORK+1 HIS WORK MU/ ALWAYS BE PR(ITABLE1 !RE=E NO OB/ACLE MU/ BE ?R[N 9 ! WAY ( HIS WORK3  ! MEANS :]EBY HIS LABOR- P[] CAN BE EX]CIS$ MU/ BE FREE TO HIM4  ,! PRIVILEGE ( ! PROPRIET>Y CLASS MU/ COME TO AN 5D4  ,REMEMB] ?AT AT PRES5T ! CU/OM IS ?AT A P]SON SO PRIVILEG$ IS 9 ! POSITION ( A MAN 7) A POLICEMAN OR SO TO HELP7 GU>D+ ! GATE ( A FIELD :I* WILL SUPPLY LIVELIHOOD TO :OMSOEV] CAN WORK 9 IT3  CR[DS ( PEOPLE :O DON'T WANT TO DIE COME TO ?AT GATE2 BUT !RE /&S LAW & ORD]1 & SAYS 0PAY ME FIVE %ILL+S BE=E Y\ GO 920 & HE OR %E ?AT HASN'T ! FIVE %ILL+S HAS TO /AY \TSIDE1 & DIE-- OR LIVE 9 ! WORKH\SE4  ,WELL1 ?AT MU/ BE DONE AWAY )2 ! FIELD MU/ BE FREE TO EV]YBODY ?AT CAN USE IT4  ,TO ?R[ ASIDE EV5 ?IS TRANSP>5T METAPHOR1 ?OSE MEANS ( ! FRUCTIFICATION ( LABOR1 ! L&1 MA*9]Y1 CAPITAL1 MEANS ( TRANSIT1 @&C41 :I* >E N[ MONOPOLIZ$ BY ?OSE :O CANNOT USE !M1 BUT :O ABUSE !M TO =CE UNPAID LABOR \T ( O!RS1 MU/ BE FREE TO ?OSE :O CAN USE !M2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! WORK]S PROP]LY ORGANIZ$ = PRODUCTION2 BUT Y\ MU/ REMEMB] ?AT ?IS WILL WRONG NO MAN1 BECAUSE AS ALL WILL DO SOME S]VICE TO ! COMMUNITY--I4E41 AS !RE WILL BE NO NON-PRODUC+ CLASS1 ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S WILL BE ! :OLE COMMUNITY1 !RE WILL BE NO ONE LEFT \T4  

,SOCIETY WILL ?US BE RECA/1 & LABOR WILL BE FREE FROM ALL COMPULSION EXCEPT ! COMPULSION ( ,NATURE1 :I* GIVES US NO?+ = NO?+4  ,IT W\LD BE FUTILE TO ATTEMPT TO GIVE Y\ DETAILS ( ! WAY 9 :I* ?IS W\LD BE C>RI$ \T2 S9CE ! V]Y ESS5CE ( IT IS FRE$OM & ! ABOLITION ( ALL >BITR>Y OR >TIFICIAL AU?ORITY2 BUT ,I WILL ASK Y\ TO UND]/& ONE ?+3  Y\ WILL NO D\BT WANT TO KN[ :AT IS TO BECOME ( PRIVATE PROP]TY UND] SU* A SY/EM1 :I* AT FIR/ SI<T W\LD NOT SEEM TO =BID ! ACCUMULATION ( WEAL?1 & ALONG ) ?AT ACCUMULATION ! =MATION ( NEW CLASSES ( RI* & POOR4  

,N[ PRIVATE PROP]TY AS AT PRES5T UND]/OOD IMPLIES ! HOLD+ ( WEAL? BY AN 9DIVIDUAL AS AGA9/ ALL O!RS1 :E!R ! HOLD] CAN USE IT OR NOT3  HE MAY1 & NOT SELDOM HE DOES1 ACCUMULATE CAPITAL1 OR ! /OR$-UP LABOR ( PA/ G5]ATIONS1 & NEI!R USE IT HIMSELF NOR ALL[ O!RS TO USE IT3  HE MAY1 & (T5 HE DOES1 5GROSS ! FIR/ NECESSITY ( LABOR1 L&1 & NEI!R USE IT HIMSELF OR ALL[ ANY ONE ELSE TO USE IT2 & ?\< IT IS CLE> ?AT 9 EA* CASE HE IS 9JUR+ ! COMMUNITY1 ! LAW IS /]NLY ON HIS SIDE4  ,9 ANY CASE A RI* MAN ACCUMULATES PROP]TY1 NOT = HIS [N USE1 BUT 9 ORD] ?AT HE MAY EVADE ) IMPUNITY ! LAW ( ,NATURE :I* BIDS MAN LABOR = HIS LIVELIHOOD1 & ALSO ?AT HE MAY 5ABLE HIS *ILDR5 TO DO ! SAME1 ?AT HE & !Y MAY BELONG TO ! UPP] OR USELESS CLASS3  IT IS NOT WEAL? ?AT HE ACCUMULATES1 WELL-BE+1 WELL-DO+1 BODILY & M5TAL2 HE SOON COMES TO ! 5D ( HIS REAL NE$S 9 ?AT RESPECT1 EV5 :5 !Y >E MO/ EXACT+3  IT IS P[] OV] O!RS1 :AT \R =EFA!RS CALL$ ,R,I,*,E,S1 ?AT HE COLLECTS2 P[] 7AS WE HAVE SE57 TO =CE O!R PEOPLE TO LIVE = HIS ADVANTAGE POOR] LIVES ?AN !Y %\LD LIVE4  ,UND]/& ?AT ?AT ,M,U,/ BE ! RESULT ( ! POSSESSION ( ,R,I,*,E,S4  

,N[ ?IS P[] TO COMPEL O!RS TO LIVE POORLY ,SOCIALISM W\LD ABOLI% 5TIRELY1 & 9 ?AT S5SE W\LD MAKE AN 5D ( PRIVATE PROP]TY3  NOR W\LD IT NE$ TO MAKE LAWS TO PREV5T ACCUMULATION >TIFICIALLY :5 ONCE PEOPLE HAD F\ND \T ?AT !Y C\LD EMPLOY !MSELVES1 & ?AT !REBY EV]Y MAN C\LD 5JOY ! RESULTS ( HIS [N LABOR3  = ,SOCIALISM BASES ! RI<TS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO POSSESS WEAL? ON HIS BE+ ABLE TO USE ?AT WEAL? = HIS [N P]SONAL NE$S1 &1 LABOR BE+ PROP]LY ORGANIZ$1 EV]Y P]SON1 MALE OR FEMALE1 NOT 9 NONAGE OR O!RWISE 9CAPACITAT$ FROM WORK+1 W\LD HAVE FULL OPPORTUNITY TO PRODUCE WEAL? & !REBY TO SATISFY HIS [N P]SONAL NE$S2 IF ?OSE NE$S W5T 9 ANY DIRECTION BEYOND ?OSE ( AN AV]AGE MAN1 HE W\LD HAVE TO MAKE P]SONAL SACRIFICES 9 ORD] TO SATISFY !M2 HE W\LD HAVE1 = 9/ANCE1 TO WORK LONG] H\RS1 OR TO =EGO SOME LUXURY ?AT HE DID NOT C>E = 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 SOME?+ :I* HE V]Y MU* DESIR$3  SO DO+ HE W\LD AT ! WOR/ 9JURE NO ONE3  & Y\ WILL CLE>LY SEE ?AT !RE IS NO O!R *OICE = HIM BETWE5 SO DO+ & HIS =C+ SOME ONE ELSE TO =EGO ,H,I,S SPECIAL DESIRES2 & ?IS LATT] PROCE$+ BY ! WAY1 :5 IT IS DONE )\T ! SANCTION ( ! MO/ P[]FUL P>T ( SOCIETY1 IS CALL$ ,!,F,T2 ?\< ON ! BIG SCALE & DULY SANCTION$ BY >TIFICIAL LAWS1 IT IS1 AS WE HAVE SE51 ! GR\NDWORK ( \R PRES5T SY/EM4  ,ONCE MORE1 ?AT SY/EM REFUSES P]MISSION TO PEOPLE TO PRODUCE UNLESS UND] >TIFICIAL RE/RICTIONS2 UND] ,SOCIALISM1 EV]Y ONE :O C\LD PRODUCE W\LD BE FREE TO PRODUCE1 SO ?AT ! PRICE ( AN >TICLE W\LD BE JU/ ! CO/ ( ITS PRODUCTION1 & :AT WE N[ CALL PR(IT W\LD NO LONG] EXI/3 ?US1 = 9/ANCE1 IF A P]SON WANT$ *AIRS1 HE W\LD ACCUMULATE !M TILL HE HAD AS MANY AS HE C\LD USE1 & !N HE W\LD /OP1 S9CE HE W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ABLE TO BUY !M = LESS ?AN !IR CO/ ( PRODUCTION & C\LD NOT SELL !M = MORE3  9 O!R WORDS1 !Y W\LD BE NO?+ ELSE ?AN *AIRS2 UND] ! PRES5T SY/EM !Y MAY BE MEANS ( COMPULSION & DE/RUCTION AS =MIDABLE AS LOAD$ RIFLES4  

,NO ONE !RE=E W\LD DISPUTE ) A MAN ! POSSESSION ( :AT HE HAD ACQUIR$ )\T 9JURY TO O!RS1 & :AT HE C\LD USE )\T 9JUR+ !M1 & IT W\LD SO REMOVE TEMPTATIONS T[>D ! ABUSE ( POSSESSION1 ?AT PROBABLY NO LAWS W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO PREV5T IT4  

,A FEW WORDS N[ AS TO ! DIFF]5TIATION ( REW>D ( LABOR1 AS ,I KN[ MY READ]S >E SURE TO WANT AN EXPOSITION ( ! ,SOCIALI/ VIEWS H]E AS TO ?OSE :O DIRECT LABOR OR :O HAVE SPECIALLY EXCELL5T FACULTIES T[>DS PRODUCTION4  ,&1 FIR/1 ,I WILL LOOK ON ! SUP]- EXCELL5T WORKMAN AS AN >TICLE PRESUMABLY NE$$ BY ! COMMUNITY2 & !N SAY ?AT1 AS ) O!R >TICLES SO ) ?IS1 ! COMMUNITY MU/ PAY ! CO/ ( HIS PRODUCTION3  = 9/ANCE1 IT WILL HAVE TO SEEK HIM \T1 TO DEVELOP HIS SPECIAL CAPACITIES1 & SATISFY ANY NE$S HE MAY HAVE 7IF ANY7 BEYOND ?OSE ( AN AV]AGE MAN1 SO LONG AS ! SATISFACTION ( ?OSE NE$S IS NOT HURTFUL TO ! COMMUNITY4  

,FUR!RMORE1 Y\ CANNOT GIVE HIM MORE ?AN HE CAN USE SO HE WILL NOT ASK = MORE1 & WILL NOT TAKE IT3  IT IS TRUE ?AT HIS WORK MAY BE MORE SPECIAL ?AN ANO!R'S1 BUT IT IS NOT MORE NECESS>Y IF Y\ HAVE ORGANIZ$ LABOR PROP]LY2 ! PL[MAN & ! FI%]MAN >E AS NECESS>Y TO SOCIETY AS ! SCI5TI/ OR ! >TI/1 ,I WILL NOT SAY MORE NECESS>Y3  NEI!R IS ! DIFFICULTY ( PRODUC+ ! MORE SPECIAL & EXCELL5T WORK AT ALL PROPORTIONATE TO ITS SPECIALTY OR EXCELL5CE3  ! HI<] WORKMAN PRODUCES HIS WORK AS EASILY P]HAPS AS ! L[] DOES HIS WORK2 IF HE DOES NOT DO SO1 Y\ MU/ GIVE HIM EXTRA LEISURE1 EXTRA MEANS = SUPPLY+ ! WA/E ( P[] 9 HIM1 BUT Y\ CAN GIVE HIM NO?+ MORE4  ,! ONLY REW>D ?AT Y\ ,C,A,N GIVE ! EXCELL5T WORKMAN IS OPPORTUNITY = DEVELOP+ & EX]CIS+ HIS EXCELL5T CAPACITY4  ,I REPEAT1 Y\ ,C,A,N GIVE HIM NO?+ MORE WOR? HIS HAV+3  ALL O!R REW>DS >E EI!R ILLUSORY OR H>MFUL4 ,I MU/ SAY 9 PASS+1 ?AT \R PRES5T SY/EM ( DEAL+ ) :AT IS CALL$ A MAN ( G5IUS IS UTT]LY ABSURD3  WE CRUELLY />VE HIM & REPRESS HIS CAPACITY :5 HE IS Y\NG2 WE FOOLI%LY PAMP] & FLATT] HIM & AGA9 REPRESS HIS CAPACITY :5 HE IS MIDDLE-AG$ OR OLD3  WE GET ! LEA/ \T ( HIM1 NOT ! MO/4  

,!SE LA/ WORDS CONC]N M]E R>ITIES 9 ! WAY ( WORKM52 BUT 9 ?IS RESPECT IT IS ONLY A MATT] ( DEGREE2 ! PO9T ( ! :OLE ?+ IS ?IS1 ?AT ! DIRECTOR ( LABOR IS 9 HIS PLACE BECAUSE HE IS FIT = IT1 NOT BY A M]E ACCID5T2 BE+ FIT = IT1 HE DOES IT EASI] ?AN HE W\LD DO O!R WORK1 & NE$S NO MORE COMP5SATION = ! WE> & TE> ( LIFE ?AN ANO!R MAN DOES1 & NOT NE$+ IT WILL NOT CLAIM IT1 S9CE IT W\LD BE NO USE TO HIM2 HIS SPECIAL REW>D = HIS SPECIAL LABOR IS1 ,I REPEAT1 ?AT HE CAN DO IT EASILY1 & SO DOES NOT FEEL IT A BURD52 NAY1 S9CE HE CAN DO IT ,W,E,L,L HE LIKES DO+ IT1 S9CE 9DE$ ! MA9 PLEASURE ( LIFE IS ! EX]CISE ( 5]GY 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( \R SPECIAL CAPACITIES4 ,AGA91 AS REG>DS ! WORKM5 :O >E UND] HIS DIRECTION1 HE NE$S NO SPECIAL DIGNITY OR AU?ORITY2 !Y KN[ WELL 5\< ?AT SO LONG AS HE FULFILLS HIS FUNCTION & REALLY DOES DIRECT !M1 IF !Y DO NOT HE$ HIM IT WILL BE AT ! CO/ ( !IR LABOR BE+ MORE IRKSOME & H>D]4  ,ALL ?IS1 9 %ORT1 IS :AT IS MEANT BY ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 :I* IS1 9 O!R WORDS1 F9D+ \T :AT WORK SU* & SU* PEOPLE >E FITTE/ = & LEAV+ !M FREE TO DO ?AT3  WE WON'T TAKE ! TR\BLE TO DO ?AT N[1 ) ! RESULT ?AT PEOPLE'S BE/ FACULTIES >E WA/$1 & ?AT WORK IS A HEAVY BURD5 TO !M1 :I* !Y NATURALLY %IRK AS MU* AS !Y CAN2 IT %\LD BE RA!R A PLEASURE TO !M3  & ,I SAY /RAI<T \T ?AT1 UNLESS WE F9D SOME MEANS TO MAKE ALL WORK MORE OR LESS PLEASURABLE1 WE %ALL NEV] ESCAPE FROM ! GREAT TYRANNY ( ! MOD]N WORLD4  

,HAV+ M5TION$ ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! COMPETITIVE & COMM]CIAL IDEAS ON ! SUBJECT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL HOLD+ ( WEAL? & ! RELATIVE POSITION ( DIFF]5T GR\PS ( WORKM51 ,I WILL V]Y BRIEFLY SAY SOME?+ ON :AT = WANT ( A BETT] WORD ,I MU/ CALL ! POLITICAL POSITION :I* WE TAKE UP1 OR AT LEA/ :AT WE LOOK =W>D TO 9 ! LONG RUN4  ,! SUB/ITUTION ( ASSOCIATION = COMPETITION IS ! F\NDATION ( ,SOCIALISM1 & WILL RUN ?R\< ALL ACTS DONE UND] IT1 & ?IS MU/ ACT AS BETWE5 NATIONS AS WELL AS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS3  :5 PR(ITS CAN NO MORE BE MADE1 !RE WILL BE NO NECESSITY = HOLD+ TOGE!R MASSES ( M5 TO DRAW TOGE!R ! GREATE/ PROPORTION ( PR(IT TO !IR LOCALITY1 OR TO ! REAL OR IMAG9>Y UNION ( P]SONS & CORPORATIONS :I* IS N[ CALL$ A NATION4  ,:AT WE N[ CALL A NATION IS A BODY :OSE FUNCTION IT IS TO ASS]T ! SPECIAL WELF>E ( ITS 9CORPORAT$ MEMB]S AT ! EXP5SE ( ALL O!R SIMIL> BODIES3  ! DEA? ( COMPETITION WILL DEPRIVE IT ( ?IS FUNCTION2 S9CE !RE WILL BE NO ATTACK !RE NE$ BE NO DEF5SE1 & IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ?IS FUNCTION BE+ TAK5 AWAY FROM ! NATION IT CAN HAVE NO O!R1 & !RE=E MU/ CEASE TO EXI/ AS A POLITICAL 5TITY4  ,ON ?IS SIDE ( ! MOVEM5T OP9ION IS GR[+ /EADILY4  ,IT IS CLE> ?AT1 QUITE AP>T FROM ,SOCIALISM1 ! IDEA ( LOCAL ADM9I/RATION IS PU%+ \T ?AT ( C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5T3 TO TAKE A REM>KABLE CASE3  9 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ( #a#g#i#c1 ! MO/ ADVANC$ P>TY WAS C5TRALIZ+3  9 ! LATE/ ,FR5* REVOLUTION1 ?AT ( ! ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 IT WAS F$]ALI/4  ,OR TAKE ,IREL&1 ! SUCCESS :I* IS TO-DAY ATT5D+ ! /RUGGLES ( ,IREL& = 9DEP5D5CE IS1 ,I AM QUITE SURE1 [+ TO ! SPREAD ( ?IS IDEA3  IT NO LONG] SEEMS A MON/R\S PROPOSITION TO LIB]AL- M9D$ ,5GLI%M5 ?AT A C\NTRY %\LD ADM9I/] ITS [N AFFAIRS3 ! FEEL+ ?AT IT IS NOT ONLY JU/1 BUT ALSO V]Y CONV5I5T TO ALL P>TIES = IT TO DO SO1 IS EXT+UI%+ ! PREJUDICES FO/]$ BY C5TURIES ( OPPRESSIVE & WA/EFUL MA/]%IP4  ,& ,I BELIEVE ?AT ,IREL& WILL %[ ?AT H] CLAIM = SELF-GOV]NM5T IS NOT MADE ON BEHALF ( NATIONAL RIVALRY1 BUT RA!R ON BEHALF ( G5U9E 9DEP5D5CE2 ! CONSID]ATION1 ON ! ONE H&1 ( ! NE$S ( H] [N POPULATION1 &1 ON ! O!R1 GOODWILL T[>DS ?AT ( O!R LOCALITIES4  ,WELL1 ! SPREAD ( ?IS IDEA WILL MAKE \R POLITICAL WORK AS ,SOCIALI/S ! EASI]2 M5 WILL AT LA/ COME TO SEE ?AT ! ONLY WAY TO AVOID ! TYRANNY & WA/E ( BUREAUCRACY IS BY ! ,F$]ATION ( ,9DEP5D5T ,COMMUNITIES3  !IR F$]ATION BE+ = DEF9ITE PURPOSES3  = FUR!R+ ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 BY ASC]TA9+ ! REAL DEM& = COMMODITIES1 & SO AVOID+ WA/E3 = ORGANIZ+ ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS1 ! MIGRATION ( P]SONS-- 9 %ORT1 ! FRI5DLY 9T]COMMUNICATION ( PEOPLE :OSE 9T]E/S >E COMMON1 AL?\< ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( !IR NATURAL SURR\ND+S MADE NECESS>Y DIFF]5CES ( LIFE & MANN]S BETWE5 !M4  

,I HAVE ?US SKET*$ SOME?+ ( ! \TL9E ( ,SOCIALISM1 BY %[+ ?AT ITS AIM IS FIR/ TO GET RID ( ! MONOPOLY ( ! MEANS ( FRUCTIFY+ LABOR1 SO ?AT LABOR MAY BE FREE TO ALL1 & ITS RESULT+ WEAL? MAY NOT BE 5GROSS$ BY A FEW1 & SO CAUSE ! MIS]Y & DEGRADATION ( ! MANY3  &1 SECONDLY1 ?AT IT AIMS AT ORGANIZ+ LABOR SO ?AT NONE ( IT MAY BE WA/$1 US+ AS A MEANS !RETO ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( EA* MAN'S CAPACITY2 &1 ?IRDLY1 ?AT IT AIMS AT GETT+ RID ( NATIONAL RIVALRY1 :I* 9 PO9T ( FACT MEANS A CONDITION ( P]PETUAL W>1 SOMETIMES ( ! MONEY-BAG1 SOMETIMES ( ! BULLET1 & SUB/ITUT+ = ?IS WORN-\T SUP]/ITION A SY/EM ( FREE COMMUNITIES LIV+ 9 H>MONI\S F$]ATION ) EA* O!R1 MANAG+ !IR [N AFFAIRS BY ! FREE CONS5T ( !IR MEMB]S2 YET ACKN[L$G+ SOME K9D ( C5T] :OSE FUNCTION IT W\LD BE TO PROTECT ! PR9CIPLE :OSE PRACTICE ! COMMUNITIES %\LD C>RY \T2 TILL AT LA/ ?OSE PR9CIPLES W\LD BE RECOGNIZ$ BY EV]Y ONE ALWAYS & 9TUITIVELY1 :5 ! LA/ VE/IGES ( C5TRALIZATION W\LD DIE \T4  

,I AM WELL AW>E ?AT ?IS COMPLETE ,SOCIALISM1 :I* IS SOMETIMES CALL$ ,COMMUNISM1 CANNOT BE REALIZ$ ALL AT ONCE2 SOCIETY WILL BE *ANG$ FROM ITS BASIS :5 WE MAKE ! =M ( ROBB]Y CALL$ PR(IT IMPOSSIBLE BY GIV+ LABOR FULL & FREE ACCESS TO ! MEANS ( ITS FRUCTIFICATION--I4E41 TO RAW MAT]IAL4  ,! DEM& = ?IS EMANCIPATION ( LABOR IS ! BASIS ON :I* ALL ,SOCIALI/S MAY UNITE4  ,ON MORE 9DEF9ITE GR\NDS !Y CANNOT MEET O!R GR\PS ( POLITICIANS2 !Y CAN ONLY REJOICE AT SEE+ ! GR\ND CLE>$ ( CONTROV]SIES :I* >E REALLY DEAD1 9 ORD] ?AT ! LA/ CONTROV]SY MAY BE SETTL$ ?AT WE CAN AT PRES5T =ESEE1 & ! QUE/ION SOLV$ AS TO :E!R OR NO IT IS NECESS>Y1 AS SOME PEOPLE ?9K IT IS1 ?AT SOCIETY %\LD BE COMPOS$ ( TWO GR\PS ( DI%ONE/ P]SONS1 SLAVES SUBMITT+ TO BE SLAVES1 YET = EV] TRY+ TO *EAT !IR MA/]S1 & MA/]S CONSCI\S ( !IR HAV+ NO SUPPORT = !IR DI%ONE/Y ( EAT+ ! COMMON /OCK )\T ADD+ TO IT SAVE ! M]E ORGANIZATION ( BRUTE =CE1 :I* !Y HAVE TO ASS]T = EV] 9 ALL DETAILS ( LIFE AGA9/ ! NATURAL DESIRE ( MAN TO BE FREE4  

,IT MAY BE HOP$ ?AT WE ( ?IS G5]ATION MAY BE ABLE TO PROVE ?AT IT IS UNNECESS>Y2 BUT IT WILL1 D\BT IT NOT1 TAKE MANY G5]ATIONS YET TO PROVE ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y = SU* DEGRADATION TO LA/ AS LONG AS HUMANITY DOES2 & :5 ?AT IS F9ALLY PROV$ WE %ALL AT LEA/ HAVE ONE HOPE LEFT--?AT HUMANITY WILL NOT LA/ LONG4  
,FOOTNOTES3  

#f4  
,& ! BRICK & MORT> C\NTRY ,LONDON1 ALSO1 IT SEEMS 7,FEB4 #a#h#h#h7BACK4 

#g4  
#a#h#h#f1 TO WITBACK4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #g -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/