,! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION & ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,SPA9 ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MIGUEL ,AMOROS ,TEXT 3 ,! UNPREC$5T$ WORLD CRISIS ( ! #a#i#cS EXAC]BAT$ ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 V>I\S ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES & GAVE RISE TO REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS ?AT L$ !IR RUL+ CLASSES1 DIS5*ANT$ ) ! P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM1 TO OPT = DICTATOR%IP & FASCISM4 ,A S]IES ( UNSUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+S TOOK PLACE 9 ,SPA9 DUR+ ! ,REPUBLICAN P]IOD4 ,! WORK+ CLASS1 SEEK+ TO OBTA9 CIVIL RIIAN ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! VICTORY ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT WAS EXPECT$ TO LEAD TO A C\P D'ETAT TO E/ABLI% A FASCI/ DICTATOR%IP2 ,C,N,T & AN>*I/ SPEAK]S W]E CON/ANTLY W>N+ ?AT AFT] ! ELECTION ! *OICE W\LD HAVE TO BE MADE BETWE5 FASCISM & REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS 9 ?IS PSY*OLOGICAL CONTEXT ?AT ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+1 BAS$ 9 ,AFRICA1 TOOK PLACE1 :I* RELI$ AT FIR/ ON ! ADVANTAGE ( ! 9ITIAL PASSIVITY ( ! GOV]NM5T1 :I* ABSOLUTELY REFUS$ TO DI/RIBUTE >MS TO ! PEOPLE1 & :I* DID NO?+ TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ITS NAVAL SUP]IORITY TO BLOCK ! TRANSPORT ( ! ,AFRICAN TROOPS :O OCCUPI$ ,WE/]N ,&ALUSIA & ,E/REMADURA & COMMITT$ HORRIBLE MASSACRES4 ,! WORK]S REPLI$ ) G5]AL /RIKES & B>RICADES1 & :]EV] !Y HAD >M$ DEF5SE GR\PS1 !Y ATTACK$ ! B>RACKS & =M$ MILITIA COLUMNS TO LIB]ATE ! T[NS & CITIES ?AT HAD FALL5 9TO ! H&S ( ! REBELS4 ,9 ! ,LOYALI/ ZONE1 ! CORRELATION ( =CES WAS PR(\NDLY ALT]$4 ,LOCAL GOV]NM5TS W]E REPLAC$ BY ,COMMITTEES ?AT ASSUM$ RESPONSIBILITY = REGULAT+ ! AFFAIRS ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,AL?\< ! =CES ( ,PUBLIC ,ORD] W]E NOT DISSOLV$1 !IR FUNCTIONS W]E TRANSF]R$ 9TO ! H&S ( IMPROVIS$ COMMITTEES1 0MOBILE BRIGADES0 & PATROLS4 ,ALL PRISON]S W]E RELEAS$ FROM ! JAILS & PRISONS1 9CLUD+ COMMON CRIM9ALS1 & ! PRISONS BEGAN TO FILL UP ) PRIE/S1 RI5AS & B>RACKS W]E US$ AS RECRUITM5T C5T]S & /ORAGE DEPOTS = CLO?+1 FOOD & EQUIPM5T = ! MILITIA COLUMNS ?AT W]E BE+ S5T TO LIB]ATE ! ZONES ?AT HAD BE5 SEIZ$ BY ! REBELS4 ,AUTOMOBILES W]E REQUISITION$ = MILIT>Y PURPOSES1 & ! PROP]TY ( ?OSE P]SONS :O HAD FL$ OR W]E 9 HID+1 & ! PR9T+ PRESSES ?AT PR9T$ CONS]VATIVE & RI+ = !IR EXPROPRIATION1 RURAL AGRICULTURAL TRACTS W]E COLLECTIVIZ$ & SOCIALIZATION SEEM$ TO BE IMM95T4 ,SPECULATION & FOOD %ORTAGES W]E PREV5T$ BY MEANS ( M>KET CONTROLS4 ,& ! HOTELS1 B>S & RE/AURANTS1 HOSPITALS1 B>B] %OPS1 !AT]S1 ETC41 W]E ALSO COLLECTIVIZ$4444 ,PEOPLE'S D9+ HALLS W]E CREAT$1 S*OOLS W]E =M$1 & ! TROLLEYS W]E EMBLAZON$ ) ! COLORS & SLOGANS ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,ON ! AIRWAVES1 ! VOICES ( ! WORK]S DELEGATES W]E BROADCA/ F> & WIDE4 ,MEET+S & CONF]5CES :]E ! POLITICAL1 SOCIAL & MILIT>Y SITUATION WAS EXPLA9$1 & ! P]T95T DIRECTIVES W]E ISSU$1 W]E ATT5D$ BY VA/ MULTITUDES4 ,ON ! /REETS1 ONE SAW ONLY WORK+ CLASS ATTIRE 7OV]ALLS1 B&ANNAS & MILITIAM5'S =AGE CAPS74 ,! /&>D GE/URE ( GREET+ WAS ! RAIS$ FI/4 ,! MILITIA COLUMNS1 :ILE !Y W]E ON LEAVE1 ASSI/$ ! PEASANTS 9 !IR WORK 9 ! FIELDS1 HELP$ ORGANIZE COMMITTEES1 SOCIALIZ$ GOODS & S]VICES1 & PROCLAIM$ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM 9 ! LIB]AT$ >EAS4 ,! SUDD5 *ANGES ?AT ]UPT$ 9 SOCIETY 9 ,JULY & ,AUGU/ CLE>LY M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( A PR(\ND SOCIAL REVOLUTION ?AT DID NOT COME TO A HALT AFT] M]ELY TRANS=M+ EXT]NAL POLITICAL APPE>ANCES4 ,REC5T EV5TS TE/IFI$ TO ! FACT ?AT ! REPUBLICAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK WAS 9CAPABLE ( RESOLV+ EV5 ! SMALLE/ PROBLEMS ?AT >OSE1 MU* LESS ( ADDRESS+ & CONTROLL+ ! POPUL> MAEL/ROM UNLEA%$ BY ! FASCI/ MILIT>Y REVOLT4 ,DESPITE ! FACT ?AT1 9 PRACTICE1 P[] WAS 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK]S ORGANIZATIONS1 ! REPUBLICAN 9/ITUTIONS W]E NOT DISMANTL$4 ,! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE /ILL RETA9$ ITS BODY1 EV5 IF IT HAD BE5 DEPRIV$ ( ITS VITAL =CE4 ,ALL ! ELEM5TS ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION--POLICEM51 ,CIVIL & ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 JUDGES1 BANK]S1 PR(ESSIONAL 9TELLECTUALS1 CONS]VATIVE J\RNALI/S1 ETC4--:O1 = ONE REASON OR ANO!R1 HAD REMA9$ LOYAL TO ! ,REPUBLIC1 W]E WAIT+ = ! REVOLUTION>Y WAVE TO SUBSIDE SO !Y C\LD RECOV] !IR =M] POSITIONS & !N1 ORGANIZ$ 9 ! LEFT-W+ P>TIES & TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS1 CONFRONT ! REVOLUTION4 ,BECAUSE ! ,P,C,E .TY.> OPPOS$ ! REVOLUTION>Y C\RSE TAK5 BY ! WORK+ CLASS & OP5LY DISPLAY$ ITS DET]M9ATION TO /RICTLY ADH]E TO ! PRE-,JULY #ai REPUBLICAN FRAMEWORK1 ESPECIALLY ) REG>D TO ! QUE/ION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 IT BECAME ! SAFE HAV5 ( ALL ! 5EMIES ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! PROLET>IAN (F5SIVE /ALL$ ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ! MAJOR CITIES ( ,>AGON & 9 ! ,SI]RA DE ,GUAD>RAMA1 & IT WAS DEFEAT$ 9 ,GRANADA1 ,SEVILLE & ,CORDOBA4 ,MALLORCA1 ,GALICIA1 ,OLD ,CA/ILLE1 ,VITORIA & ,PAMPLONA FELL 9TO ! H&S ( ! REBELS4 ,! L&+S ( ,AFRICAN TROOPS 9 ,CADIZ OP5$ UP ! ROAD TO ,MADRID1 :]E ALL ! REBEL =CES W]E FOCUS$4 ,!RE1 ! MILITIAM5 HAD TO FACE NOT JU/ SIMPLE ,CIVIL ,GU>DS & FASCI/ FANATICS1 BUT REGUL> >MY SOLDI]S & %OCK TROOPS LIKE ! LEGIONNAIRES & ,MOROCCAN UNITS1 :I* W]E BETT] EQUIPP$ & SUPPLI$ ?AN ! O!R REBEL UNITS4 ,! ,SPANI% CAPITAL !RE=E ABSORB$ ALMO/ ALL ! AVAILABLE MILIT>Y H>DW>E & SUPPLIES ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 P>ALYZ+ ALL ! O!R FRONTS4 ,IT WAS OBVI\SLY NECESS>Y TO PUT AN 5D TO ! PHANTOM EXI/5CE ( ! ,/ATE & TO =M A PROLET>IAN >MY ON ! BASIS ( ! MILITIA COLUMNS--! PEOPLE >M$--AN >MY ?AT W\LD BE CAPABLE ( DEFEAT+ ! REBELS 9 BATTLE1 CONSOLIDAT+ ! PROLET>IAN CONQUE/S1 & DRIV+ ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS =W>D4 ,! ONLY =CE ?AT HAD RESOLV$ TO PROCE$ 9 ?IS DIRECTION WAS ! ,C,N,T1 & EV5 9 ! ,C,N,T ?IS POSITION WAS NOT UNANIM\SLY SUPPORT$1 AS A L>GE NUMB] ( ITS REPRES5TATIVES W]E 9 FAVOR ( COLLABORAT+ ) ! O!R POLITICAL =CES1 :E!R B\RGEOIS OR PROLET>IAN1 9 A REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T ?AT W\LD BE ! LEGITIMATE HEIR ( B\RGEOIS LEGALITY4 ,! ,C,N,T HAD JU/ RE9CORPORAT$ )9 ITS RANKS ! RE=MI/ SECTOR ( ! ,CONF$]ATION AT ! ,Z>AGOZA ,CONGRESS 7! TRE9TI/AS71 BUT IT WAS ! RESPONSIBLE COMMITTEES ?AT MADE ?IS DECISION1 )\T ! SUPPORT ( A REAL MAJORITY ( ! MEMB]%IP4 ,! LIB]T>IAN LEAD]S :O W]E COMMITT$ TO COLLABORATION P]=M$ A PREC>I\S BALANC+ ACT ) REG>D TO !IR RANK & FILE BASE BY UPHOLD+ & COORD9AT+ ITS CONQUE/S :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY EXPLICITLY R5\NC+ ! /RUGGLE = LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 :I* WAS ! O/5SIBLE GOAL ( ! CONF$]AL ORGANIZATION1 & ! 0GO = BROKE0 /RATEGY1 ?AT IS1 ! SEIZURE ( P[]4 ,?IS DIFFICULT POSITION L$ !M TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! 9T]-CLASSI/ REGIONAL GOV]NM5TS ?AT W]E CREAT$ TO ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY = ! FUNCTIONS ( ! 9/ITUTIONS ?AT ! UPRIS+ HAD R5D]$ OBSOLETE1 & !Y 5GAG$ 9 MANY 9ITIATIVES :OSE GOAL WAS TO A*IEVE PRACTICAL UNITY ) ! ,U,G,T & ! LOYALI/ P>TIES4 ,! FASCI/ VICTORIES L$ TO ! SOCIALI/ ,L>GO ,CABALL]O'S APPO9TM5T AS ,PRIME ,M9I/]1 & AL?\< ,CABALL]O DID NOT YIELD TO ! PRESSURE ( ! ,C,N,T TO =M A GOV]NM5T C\NCIL COMPOS$ EXCLUSIVELY ( TRADE UNION DELEGATES1 HE DID (F] !M F\R ,M9I/]IAL PORTFOLIOS 9/EAD4 ,! 5TRY ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T S]V$ AS A FIG LEAF TO COV] ITS TRANSF] TO ,VAL5CIA4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 ! W> HAD TAK5 ON 9T]NATIONAL DIM5SIONS4 ,! GREAT P[]S1 AFRAID ?AT ! REVOLUTION MIY SUP]IORITY ( ! REBELS1 :O RELI$ ON ! SUPPORT ( ,PORTUGAL1 ,ITALY & ,G]MANY1 LEFT NO O!R OPTION ?AN TO DEP5D ON ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 ! ONLY WORLD P[] ?AT WAS WILL+ TO HELP ! REPUBLICAN SIDE4 ,! HOPES PLAC$ 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION GAVE A MAJOR BOO/ TO ! =TUNES ( ! ,P,C,E1 :I* 9CREAS$ ITS PROPORTIONAL REPRES5TATION 9 GOV]NM5T 9/ITUTIONS F> BEYOND ! MAGNITUDE ( ITS REAL MEMB]%IP4 ,IT IMM$IATELY BECAME ! SPOKESMAN = ALL ! P>TIES ?AT HAD BE5 H>M$ BY ! REVOLUTION4 ,AT FIR/1 IT SUPPORT$ ,L>GO ,CABALL]O'S 9ITIATIVES TO RE9=CE ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS & TO CREATE A 0PEOPLE'S0 ,>MY ) A C5TRALIZ$ COMM& /RUCTURE4 ,! DECREES M&AT+ ! RE/ORATION ( ! MUNICIPAL GOV]NM5TS1 ! DIS>MAM5T ( ! RE>GU>D & ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! MILITIAS1 IMPLI$ ! REHABILITATION ( ,GOV]NM5T P[] & ! 5D ( ! P[] VACUUM ?AT HAD ALL[$ ! REVOLUTION TO ?RIVE4 ,! CREATION OR EXPANSION ( V>I\S POLICE =CES & ! =MATION ( MIX$ BRIGADES W]E 9T5D$ TO CONTA9 & UND]M9E ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS BO? BEH9D ! L9ES & AT ! FRONT4 ,! NEW CIVIL GOV]NORS1 SUPPORT$ AT ALL TIMES BY ! COMMUNI/S1 CLA%$ ) ! AUTONOMY ( ! COMMITTEES1 ! COLLECTIVES & ! MILITIAS4 ,BLOODY 9CID5TS TOOK PLACE 9 ,GUADIX & ,VAL5CIA4 ,! LIB]T>IAN LEAD]S PROV$ TO BE F]V5T ADVOCATES ( MILIT>IZATION1 ! RE/ORATION ( ! AU?ORITY ( ! MUNICIPAL GOV]NM5T BODIES & ! DIS>MAM5T ( ! RE>GU>D1 AS WELL AS P>TICIPATION 9 GOV]NM5T 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! $ITORIAL COMMITTEE ( ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A WAS REPLAC$ BY ANO!R GR\P ( $ITORS :O W]E MORE AM5ABLE TO PROMOT+ ! (FICIAL1 /ATI/ & PRO-,SOVIET POLITICAL L9E4 ,IT DID NOT TAKE LONG = ! NEWSPAP] TO PROCLAIM ?AT ! CIVIL W> WAS NOT A CLASS W>1 BUT A 0W> ( 9DEP5D5CE AGA9/ ! 9VAD]01 AS ! ,P,C,E SAID1 & IT BECAME ! *AMPION ( 0UNITY01 DISCIPL9E & RESPECT = ! MILIT>Y BRASS4 ,DURRUTI WAS S5T TO ,MADRID AT ! BEHE/ ( ,SOVIET AG5TS TO R$UCE ! P[] ( ! AN>*I/S ON ! ,>AGON FRONT1 & HE WAS P]SUAD$ BY HIS COMRADES 9 ! HI*I/ MILITIAS4 ,! DEA? ( ,DURRUTI ON ,NOVEMB] #b1 #aicf REMOV$ AN IMPORTANT OB/ACLE TO MILIT>IZATION1 ALL[+ ! 9V5TION = POLITICAL PURPOSES ( ! PUBLIC IMAGE ( A MILIT>Y *IEF READY TO R5\NCE 0EV]Y?+ = VICTORY01 ACCORD+ TO AN $ITORIAL PUBLI%$ 9 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#g4 ,) ?IS PHRASE ! RESPONSIBLE COMMITTEES ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T 9AUGURAT$ ! CIRCUM/ANTIALI/ DOCTR9E ( SUPPORT = ! ,/ATE & R5\NC$ !IR PR9CIPLES1 TACTICS & GOALS4 ,! FALL ( ,MALAGA 9 E>LY ,FEBRU>Y WAS ONLY AN ADDITIONAL PRETEXT = ! FUR!R CONFIRMATION ( ?IS POLICY4 ,! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I BEGAN TO TAKE MEASURES TO TRANS=M ! ,F,A,I 9TO A POLITICAL P>TY1 ) HI]>*IES1 /ATUTES1 MEMB]%IP C>DS & DUES1 5GAG+ 9 ALL K9DS ( V]BAL GYMNA/ICS 9 ORD] NOT TO CLA% ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! V>I\S P[] C5T]S ?AT HAD =M$ )9 ! NEW LIB]T>IAN BUREAUCRACY1 & ALSO = ! PURPOSE ( M>G9ALIZ+ ! AFF9ITY GR\PS ?AT W]E RESOLV$ TO CONT9UE TO OP]ATE AS !Y HAD 9 ! PA/4 ,9 FACT1 :AT ?IS AM\NT$ TO WAS AN ATTEMPT TO CREATE ! POLITICAL SUP]/RUCTURE = A NEWBORN BUREAUCRACY AT ! EXP5SE ( AN 9COMPLETE REVOLUTION1 A NECESS>Y FACTOR = ! POLITICAL & TRADE UNION PLUTOCRACY ( ! REPUBLIC1 ! NEW B\RGEOISIE ?AT HAD COME TO REPLACE ! OLD B\RGEOISIE4 ,PAID POSITIONS 9 ?IS BUREAUCRACY ALSO CONF]R$ PRIVILEGES SU* AS HAV+ ACCESS TO BASIC GOODS ?AT HAD DISAPPE>$ FROM ! M>KET1 ! USE ( A PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE1 & P]QUISITES SU* AS OPPORTUNITIES TO D9E 9 LUXURY RE/AURANTS & ELITE NI*I/S WAS BE+ CONSOLIDAT$3 ! DISCOV]Y ( ! ,*EKA ( ,MURCIA1 ! ASSASS9ATION ( ! MEMB]S ( ! COLLECTIVES AT ,TORRES DE LA ,ALAM$A1 ! >RE/ ( ,M>OTO1 ! SUSP5SION ( ! LIB]T>IAN PRESS 7,NOSOTROS1 ,CA/ILLA ,LIBRE1 ,C,N,T ,NORTE71 ! 9CID5TS AT ,V9ALESA & ,G&IA4444 ,AS ! C\NT]REVOLUTION ADVANC$ & ! DIVORCE BETWE5 ! LIB]T>IAN LEAD]%IP & ! RANK & FILE MILITANTS ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T WAS CONSUMMAT$1 SIGNS ( DISS5T & RADICAL OPPOSITION APPE>$ 7,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI1 ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\? ( ,CATALONIA1 ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,GR\PS ( ,B>CELONA1 ! J\RNAL ,IDEAS1 ! BULLET9 ,AL]TA644474 ,! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I CONVOK$ A CONF]5CE ( ! $ITORS ( ! MOVEM5T'S PUBLICATIONS TO IMPOSE A S+LE POLITICAL L9E4 ,9 ,JULY1 A ,POLITICAL ,ADVISORY ,COMMISSION WAS =M$ TO CONTROL DISCORDANT VIEWS4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT A /RONG REACTION ON ! P>T ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ITS RESPECTIVE GOV]NM5TS W\LD HAVE PUT AN 5D TO ! ,NON-,9T]V5TION ,PACT & ?US FACILITAT$ LOYALI/ ,SPA9'S ACCESS TO >MS4 ,! 5D ( DEP5D5CE ON ! ,U,S,S,R = >MS SUPPLIES W\LD HAVE CURTAIL$ ! O!RWISE 9EXPLICABLE 9FLU5CE ( ! ,P,C,E1 ! P5ETRATION ( ,RUSSIAN ADVIS]S 9 ! ,>MY & ! UNBRIDL$ ACTIVITY ( ! ,/AL9I/ SECRET S]VICES4 ,IT W\LD HAVE ALSO R5D]$ ! CAPITULATIONI/ ORI5TATION ( ! CONF$]AL & AN>*I/ LEAD]%IP T[>DS ! ,/ATE MU* MORE DIFFICULT4 ,)\T ! PREPOND]ANT ,RUSSIAN ROLE1 ! DOORS = OP5 DISS5T AGA9/ ?AT ORI5TATION W\LD HAVE BE5 PU%$ WIDE OP54 ,BUT ! SOLID>ITY ACTIONS ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT W]E 9SUFFICI5T & ! REVOLUTION C\LD NOT BE CONSUMMAT$4 ,! ,BATTLE ( ,GUADALAJ>A PRES]V$ ! BALANCE ( =CES ON ! MILIT>Y FRONTS1 BUY+ JU/ 5\< TIME = ONE LA/ PROVOCATION = ! PURPOSE ( REMOV+ ,L>GO ,CABALL]O FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T 7HE WAS OPPOS$ TO COMMUNI/ DOM9ANCE71 PUTT+ AN 5D TO ! EXCESSIVE 9FLU5CE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 LIQUIDAT+ ! A*IEVEM5TS ( ! PROLET>IAT 7:I* HAD ALREADY BE5 SIGNIFICANTLY ATT5UAT$71 PUTT+ ! ,P,\,M BEH9D B>S & PROCLAIM+ OP5 SEASON ON ALL REVOLUTION>IES4 ,! COMMUNI/ PLOT F\ND ITS MO/ RELIABLE ALLIES 9 ,CATALONIA1 & IT OP]AT$ ?R\< !M4 ,! COMMUNI/S TE/$ ! WAT]S ) ! !FT ( SOME TANKS 9 ,B>CELONA & ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,ANTONIO ,M>T9 9 ,PUIGC]DA1 & !N OP5LY LAUN*$ !IR ATTACK ON ,MAY #c ) ! ATTEMPT TO OCCUPY ! ,TELEPHONE ,EX*ANGE ,BUILD+4 ,! ,MAY ,DAYS1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! WORK]S W]E VICTORI\S ON ! /REETS1 M>K$ ! 5D ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! WORK]S' UNCONDITIONAL )DRAWAL FROM ! B>RICADES AT ! BEHE/ ( !IR LEAD]S RESULT$ 9 AN IMPLACABLE WAVE ( REPRESSION ?AT FILL$ ! JAILS & ! LABOR CAMPS 7REC5TLY CREAT$ BY ! ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]7 ) =EIGN VOLUNTE]S1 TRADE UNIONI/S1 AN>*I/S & MEMB]S ( ! ,P,\,M4 ,! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEES W]E DISSOLV$ BY ! ,C,N,T LEAD]%IP TO PREV5T ANY FUR!R UPRIS+S4 ,AT ?IS PO9T ONE CAN NO LONG] SPEAK ( MI/AKES OR MYOPIA1 BUT ONLY ( TREASON4 ,! C\NT]REVOLUTION CREAT$ TWO P[]FUL 9/RUM5TS1 ! ,ESPIONAGE & ,HI< ,TREASON ,TRIBUNALS & ! ,MILIT>Y ,9=MATION ,S]VICE1 & FO/]$ ! EM]G5CE ( A SY/EM ( SECRET PRISONS 7,*EKAS7 ?AT W]E COMPLETELY BEYOND ! REA* ( ! ORD9>Y JU/ICE SY/EM4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T WAS TRANSF]R$ TO ,B>CELONA4 ,B]N]I'S CORPSE WAS F\ND1 AS WAS ! MASS GRAVE CONTA9+ ! BODIES ( ! LIB]T>IAN Y\? ( ,SAN ,&RES1 ! ,C,N,T'S RADIO /ATIONS W]E %UT D[N1 ! C5SOR%IP COMPLETELY PURG$ ! LIB]T>IAN PRESS1 & ! ,P,\,M WAS \TLAW$2 !RE WAS A SECOND PROVOCATION ) ! ASSAULT ON ,LOS ,ESCOLAPIOS1 ,&RES ,N9 WAS ASSASS9AT$1 ! CONTROL PATROLS W]E DISSOLV$1 & ! ,C\NCIL ( ,>AGON WAS ABOLI%$ & ! COLLECTIVES ( ,>AGON W]E DE/ROY$ BY COMMUNI/ DIVISIONS4 ,SPECIAL TRIBUNALS TRI$ REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S1 N[ BR&$ AS 09CONTROLADOS03 SECRET GRAVESITES1 ! ,MAY ,EV5TS1 ETC4 ,! BORD]S CAME UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,C5TRAL ,GOV]NM5T4 ,ALL ! COLLECTIVIZ$ 5T]PRISES & AGR>IAN COLLECTIVES W\LD HAVE TO SUBMIT TO NEW RE/RICTIVE LEGISLATION1 :5 !Y W]E NOT JU/ RETURN$ TO !IR =M] [N]S OR DIRECTLY NATIONALIZ$ 0= /RATEGIC REASONS0 7AS 9 ! CASES ( ! ,TRANSPORT & ,COMMUNICATIONS SECTORS74 ,) ! ,SOVIETS COMM&+ ! ,PEOPLE'S ,>MY1 ! AN>*I/ BRIGADES W]E US$ AS CANNON FODD] & S5T TO ! FRONT )\T SUFFICI5T WEAPONRY OR AMMUNITION1 & )\T >TILL]Y SUPPORT OR AIR COV]1 & W]E PRACTICALLY ANNIHILAT$ 7! MO/ FLAGRANT CASE WAS ?AT ( ! #h#cRD ,MIX$ ,BRIGADE1 ! OLD ,IRON ,COLUMN74 ,BEH9D ! L9ES1 ACTIVE MILITANTS W]E IMPRISON$ 9 ,*EKAS & TORTUR$4 ,AT ! FRONT1 AN>*I/S :O REFUS$ TO JO9 ! ,P,C,E W]E %OT ) IMPUNITY ON ! FLIMSIE/ PRETEXTS4 ,L>GE NUMB]S ( SOLDI]S W]E SACRIFIC$ 9 PO9TLESS BATTLES LIKE ,BRUNETE & ,BEL*ITE1 DIV]SION>Y ACTIONS ?AT FAIL$ TO PREV5T ! FALL ( ! 5TIRE ,NOR!RN ,ZONE 7,VIZCAYA1 ,SANT&] & ,A/URIAS74 ,! COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I1 :I* HAD CREAT$ ,DEF5SE ,SECTIONS 9 !IR ORGANIZATIONS1 W]E FULLY 9=M$ AB\T ALL ( !SE DEVELOPM5TS1 BUT1 F> FROM PUBLICLY D5\NC+ ?IS SITUATION1 !Y RE/RICT$ !IR ACTIVITIES TO BITT] COMPLA9TS 9 DETAIL$ REPORTS !Y S5T TO ! ,PRIME ,M9I/]4 ,! LIB]T>IAN MILITANTS F\ND !MSELVES 9 ! SITUATION ( HAV+ TO *OOSE BETWE5 A FASCI/ DICTATOR%IP & A REPUBLICAN DICTATOR%IP L$ BY COMMUNI/S1 & FIIAN B\RGEOIS REGIME4 ,!IR PRESS COMPET$ ) ! O!R T5D5CIES 9 ITS EXPRESSIONS ( NATIONALISM1 & ! PATRIOTIC ORATORY ( !IR DELEGATES BEGG>$ BELIEF4 ,DEMORALIZATION 9EXORABLY SWEPT OV] ! MASSES :O W]E FIIAN MOVEM5T WAS COMPLETE4 ,NOT ONLY DID !Y WAGE A CAMPAIGN TO IMPOSE !IR TREASON\S POLICIES ON ! 9T]NATIONAL LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T1 9 :I* WELL-KN[N FIGURES LIKE ,RUDIG]1 ,S\*Y1 ,LEVAL1 ,LAPEYRE1 ,LECO91 ,ROCK]1 ETC41 PROV$ TO BE V]Y USEFUL1 BUT !Y CON/ANTLY PLEAD$ = A PLACE 9 ,NEGR9'S GOV]NM5T & IGNOR$ ! REPRESSION ?AT WAS DECIMAT+ !IR RANK & FILE MEMB]%IP4 ,!IR =M] IDEOLOGY WAS =MALLY & DEF9ITIVELY AB&ON$ AT AN ECONOMIC PL5UM HELD 9 ,JANU>Y ( #ai* & 9 !IR SUBSEQU5T PACT ) ! ,U,G,T4 ,!Y ADVOCAT$ A DEMOCRATIC & F$]AL REPUBLIC :OSE CON/ITUTION WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE APPROV$ BY ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE ONCE ! W> WAS OV]4 ,! GOV]NM5T CRISIS ?AT REMOV$ ! DEFEATI/ ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO FROM P[] ALSO RESULT$ 9 ! ,C,N,T OBTA9+ A ,M9I/RY 9 ! 0,GOV]NM5T ( ,VICTORY04 ,! NEGR9ISMO & PRO-COMMUNISM ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T W]E SO EXTREME ?AT !Y PROVOK$ MAJOR CONFLICTS ) ! ,CATALONIAN ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE & ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,F,A,I4 ,AFT] ! DEBACLE ( ! BATTLE ( ,T]UEL EV]YONE EXCEPT ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE WAS CONV9C$ ?AT DEFEAT WAS 9EVITABLE4 ,A COMB9$ PL5UM ( ! ?REE ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,LIB]T>IAN ,MOVEM5T1 H[EV]1 REAFFIRM$ ITS SUPPORT = ITS LEAD+ COMMITTEES & EXPRESS$ ITS SUPPORT = RESI/ANCE TO ! 5D1 DRAP$ 9 ! 0,?IRTE5 ,PO9TS0 ( ! ,PRIME ,M9I/]1 AS OPPOS$ TO ! DEFEATISM ( ! SECTOR ?AT WAS OPPOS$ TO ! AN>*I/ BUREAUCRACY ?AT WAS HOP+ = ANO!R 0,CONV5TION ( ,V]G>A0 >RANG$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM4 ,C,N,T LEAD]S P>TICIPAT$ 9 A GOV]NM5T ?AT EXECUT$ MANY ,C,N,T MILITANTS DUR+ ! SUBSEQU5T WAVE ( REPRESSION4 ,F9ALLY1 ! FIASCO ( ! LA/ GREAT PO9TLESS BATTLE1 ! ,BATTLE ( ! ,EBRO1 ALONG ) ! )DRAWAL ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,BRIGADES1 UND]M9$ COMMUNI/ 9FLU5CE & ALL[$ ! SECTORS ?AT FELT ?AT !Y HAD BE5 MI/REAT$--! NON-NEGR9I/A SOCIALI/S1 ! REPUBLICANS & ! AN>*I/S--TO BEG9 TO COALESCE4 ,A VA9 ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO BREAK ! NEUTRAL FRONT ( ! SO-CALL$ 0DEMOCRATIC0 C\NTRIES4 ,A S]IES ( APPO9TM5TS ?AT GRANT$ A DECISIVE MAJORITY ( ! 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