,SOCIALISM & ,RELIGION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,I 

,IF WE TRY TO F9D A KEY = ! MUTUAL RELATION ( SOCIALISM & 
RELIGION 9 ! PRACTICAL ATTITUDE ( SOCIALI/ SPEAK]S & WRIT]S & 
RELIGI\S SPOKESM51 WE >E EASILY L$ TO BELIEVE1 ?AT ! GREATE/ 
MISUND]/&+1 CONFUSION1 & 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS REIGN 9 ?IS REG>D4 
,ON ONE SIDE WE SEE ?AT NUM]\S LABOR]S1 :5 JO9+ ! RANKS ( ! 
SOCIALI/S1 ALSO ?R[ !IR !OLOGICAL FAI? OV]BO>D & (T5 COMBAT 
RELIGION FI]CELY2 MOREOV]1 ! TEA*+S1 :I* =M ! BASIS & /R5G? ( 
PRES5T-DAY SOCIALISM1 & :I* TOGE!R =M A 5TIRELY NEW WORLD CONCEPTION1 
/& IRRECONCILABLY OPPOS$ TO RELIGI\S FAI?4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 WE SEE 
FAI?FUL ADH]5TS ( ,*RI/IANITY1 EV5 PRIE/S1 DEM&+ SOCIALISM PRECISELY 
ON ACC\NT ( !IR ,*RI/IAN TEA*+S & GA!R+ UND] ! BANN] ( ! 
LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,& ALL AGITATORS1 &1 :AT IS /ILL MORE SIGNIFICANT1 ALL 
PROGRAMS ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 UNANIM\SLY DECL>E RELIGION TO BE 
A PRIVATE AFFAIR ( 9DIVIDUALS1 9 :I* O!RS HAVE NO BUS9ESS TO 9T]F]E4 
,NEV]!LESS MO/ PRIE/S & (FICIAL REPRES5TATIVES ( RELIGION COMBAT ! 
SOCIAL DEMOCRACY V]Y ZEAL\SLY4 ,!Y CONT5D1 ?AT ?IS MOVEM5T AIMS M]ELY TO 
EXT]M9ATE FAI?1 & !Y H>P UNCTU\SLY UPON ALL /ATEM5TS ( \R GREAT 
*AMPIONS ,M>X1 ,5GELS1 ,DIETZG51 9 :I* !Y MAKE CRITICAL REM>KS AB\T 
RELIGION & DEF5D !IR [N MAT]IALISM AS A SCI5TIFIC DOCTR9E4 ,?IS1 AGA91 
IS OPPOS$ BY COMRADES 9 \R [N RANKS1 :O1 RELY+ UPON ! DECL>ATION ( 
NEUTRALITY T[>D RELIGION 9 \R P>TY PROGRAM1 W\LD PREF] TO =BID ! 
SPREAD+ ( SU* /ATEM5TS1 :I* HURT ! FEEL+S ( RELIGI\S PEOPLE4 ,!Y 
SAY ?AT ! GOAL ( \R SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS PURELY ECONOMIC4 ,9 ?AT RESPECT 
!Y >E RI<T1 & WE %ALL NOT FAIL TO REPEAT ?IS AGA9 & AGA9 9 
REFUTATION ( ! LIES ( ! PREA*]S4 ,WE DO NOT WI% TO 9OCULATE PEOPLE ) 
A NEW FAI?1 OR AN A!ISM1 BUT WE RA!R WI% TO BR+ AB\T AN ECONOMIC 
TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY4 ,WE DESIRE TO DISPLACE CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION BY A 
SOCIALI/ ONE4 ,ANY ONE MAY REALIZE ! PRACTICABILITY ( SU* A COLLECTIVE 
PRODUCTION & ITS ADVANTAGES OV] CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 = REASONS :I* 
HAVE NO?+ AT ALL TO DO ) RELIGION4 ,TO ?IS 5D WE WANT TO SECURE ! 
POLITICAL P[] = ! WORK+ CLASS1 S9CE IT IS 9DISP5SABLE AS A MEANS TO 
?IS 5D4 ,! NECESSITY1 OR AT LEA/ ! DESIRABILITY1 ( ?IS TRANSF] ( ! 
POLITICAL P[] CAN BE UND]/OOD BY ANY LABOR] FROM HIS POLITICAL EXP]I5CE1 
)\T ANY FUR!R C]EMONY1 REG>DLESS ( :E!R HE IS 9 MATT]S ( FAI? A 
,PROTE/ANT1 A ,CA?OLIC1 A ,JEW1 OR A ,FREE?9K] )\T ANY RELIGION4 ,\R 
PROPAG&A1 !N1 IS TO BE EXCLUSIVELY DEVOT$ TO ! WORK ( ELUCIDAT+ ! 
ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES ( SOCIALISM1 & EV]Y?+ IS TO BE ES*EW$1 :I* MI<T 
RUN C\NT] TO ! PREJUDICE ( RELIGI\S M9DS4 

,EVID5T AS ?IS CONCEPTION MAY BE1 AT LEA/ 9 ITS FIR/ P>T1 YET IT HAS ITS 
DRAWBACK1 & !RE WILL BE FEW1 :O WILL AGREE ) ! ULTIMATE CONCLUSION4 ,IF 
IT W]E CORRECT1 & IF IT W]E \R AIM TO PREA* ! BEAUTIES ( SOCIALISM TO 
ALL PEOPLE1 !N WE %\LD NATURALLY HAVE TO ADDRESS \RSELVES TO ALL CLASSES ( 
SOCIETY1 & FIR/ ( ALL TO ! MO/ $UCAT$4 ,BUT ! HI/ORY ( SOCIALISM HAS 
?OR\<LY DISAV[$ ! UTOPIAN S5TIM5TALI/S :O WANT$ TO DO ?IS4 ,IT WAS 
F\ND1 ?AT ! POSSESS+ CLASSES DID NOT C>E AB\T !SE ADVANTAGES1 & ?AT 
! WORK+ CLASS BECAME MORE & MORE ACCESSIBLE TO ?IS UND]/&+4 ,?IS 9 
ITSELF 9DICATES ?AT SOME?+ MORE HAS TO BE CONSID]$ ?AN M]ELY TO PROVE 
TO PEOPLE ! PRACTICABILITY ( AN ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY4 ,?IS 
TRANS=MATION1 & ITS 9/RUM5T1 ! CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[] BY ! 
WORK+ CLASS1 CAN ONLY BE ! \TCOME ( A GREAT CLASS-/RUGGLE4 ,BUT 9 ORD] 
TO C>RY ?IS CLASS-/RUGGLE SUCCESSFULLY TO ITS CONCLUSION1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO 
ORGANIZE ! :OLE WORK+ CLASS1 TO AWAK5 ITS POLITICAL 9TELLIG5CE1 TO 5D[ 
IT ) A ?OR\< UND]/&+ ( ! 9T]NAL =CES :I* MOVE ! WORLD4 ,IT 
IS FUR!RMORE NECESS>Y TO BE FAMILI> ) ! /R5G? & WEAKNESS ( ! 
OPPON5TS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 9 ORD] TO MAKE ! BE/ USE ( !M1 & 9 
ORD] TO BE ABLE TO MEET ALL 9FLU5CES 5]GETICALLY1 :I* MI<T WEAK5 ! 
9T]NAL & EXT]NAL /R5G? ( ! ORGANIZ$ >MY ( WORK]S4 ,ONLY A CLE> 
GRASP ( ALL POLITICAL & SOCIAL PH5OM5A CAN PRES]VE ! PRES5T LEAD]S & 
MEMB]S ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T FROM MIS/EPS & MI/AKES1 :I* MI<T 
S]I\SLY 9JURE ! PROPAG&A AMONG ! /ILL UN5LI<T5$ MASSES4 ,ONLY 
PR(\ND KN[L$GE WILL 5ABLE !M TO WRE/ EV] NEW CONCESSIONS FROM !IR 
5EMIES BY !IR TACTICS & TO B5EFIT ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,IF IT IS A FACT1 ?AT ! GREATE/ AM\NT ( KN[L$GE & UND]/&+ IS 
REQUIR$ 9 \R RANKS = ! PURPOSE ( WAG+ \R FI<T WELL1 & IF ! 
MAT]IALI/IC WRIT+S ( \R MA/] M9DS T5D TO 9CREASE ?IS 9TELLIG5CE1 
!N IT W\LD 9VOLVE GREAT DISADVANTAGES TO TRY TO CONCEAL & SUPPRESS !SE 
WRIT+S & CONCEPTIONS = NO O!R REASON ?AN ?AT ( AVOID+ A CLA% ) 
! PREJUDICES ( PEOPLE ( LIMIT$ KN[L$GE4 

,\R !ORY1 ! SOCIALI/ SCI5CE F\ND$ BY ,M>X & ,5GELS1 WAS ! FIR/ 
TO GIVE US CLE> GLIMPSES ( ! DIFF]5T SOCIAL 9T]RELATIONS1 :I* 
9FLU5CE \R MOVEM5T4 ,IT WILL1 !RE=E1 BE NECESS>Y = US1 TO TURN TO ?IS 
SCI5CE = A SATISFACTORY ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION ( ! RELATION BETWE5 
SOCIALISM & RELIGION4 

,I,I 

,IF WE WI% TO DECIDE UPON \R ATTITUDE T[>DS RELIGION1 IT WILL 
FIR/ BE NECESS>Y = \R SCI5CE TO 5LI<T5 US CONC]N+ ! ORIG91 ! 
NATURE & ! FUTURE ( RELIGION1 & ?IS 5LI<T5M5T1 LIKE EV]Y SCI5CE1 
MU/ BE BAS$ UPON EXP]I5CE & FACTS4 ,N[ WE F9D 9 ALL C\NTRIES ) A 
/RONGLY DEVELOP$ SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 ?AT ! MASS ( CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK]S 
>E )\T RELIGION1 ?AT IS1 !Y DO NOT BELIEVE 9 ANY RELIGI\S DOCTR9ES 
& DO NOT ADH]E TO ANY ( !M4 ,?IS SEEMS AT FIR/ SI<T ALL ! MORE 
PECULI>1 AS ?IS MASS HAS G5]ALLY RECEIV$ BUT LITTLE S*OOL+4 ,ON ! O!R 
H&1 ! 0$UCAT$0 CLASSES1 ?AT IS1 ! B\RGEOISIE1 RETURN MORE 
& MORE TO FAI?1 AL?\< !RE WAS AT ONE TIME A /RONG ANTI-RELIGI\S 
MOVEM5T AMONG !M4 ,IT SEEMS1 !N1 ?AT BELIEF OR UNBELIEF >E NOT PRIM>ILY A 
RESULT ( CULTURE1 ( A C]TA9 DEGREE ( KN[L$GE & 5LI<T5M5T4 ,! 
SOCIALI/ WORK]S >E ! FIR/ AMONG :OM IRRELIGION APPE>S AS A SOCIAL MASS 
PH5OM5ON4 ,!RE MU/ BE SOME DEF9ITE CAUSE = ?IS1 & IF ?IS DOES NOT 
PROVE TO BE M]ELY A TRANSI5T FACT1 IT MU/ NECESS>ILY RESULT 9 A GREAT] & 
GREAT] RE/RICTION ( ! FIELD ( RELIGION BY SOCIALISM4 

,N[ ! P>TISANS ( RELIGION CONT5D ?AT ?IS IS NOT ! CASE1 = 
RELIGION1 ACCORD+ TO !M1 IS SOME?+ MORE & HI<] ?AN A M]E 
!OLOGICAL FAI?4 ,! DEVOTION TO AN IDEAL1 ! WILL+NESS TO MAKE SACRIFICES 
= A GREAT CAUSE1 ! FAI? 9 ! F9AL VICTORY ( ! ,GOOD -- ALL ?IS 
IS SAID TO BE ALSO RELIGION4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T MU/ EV5 BE 
CALL$ DEEPLY RELIGI\S4 ,( C\RSE1 WE >E NOT GO+ TO SPLIT HAIRS AB\T WORDS4 
,WE WILL M]ELY SAY1 !RE=E1 ?AT ?IS MEAN+ ( ! T]M RELIGION IS NOT ! 
CU/OM>Y ONE4 ,WE KN[ V]Y WELL ?AT ! SOCIALI/ WORK+ PEOPLE >E FILL$ 
) A GREAT & HI< IDEALISM1 BUT ) !M ?IS IS NOT ALLI$ TO A BELIEF 9 
ANY SUP]NATURAL P[]1 :I* IS SUPPOS$ TO RULE ! WORLD & GUIDE ! FATES 
( M54 ,WE USE ! T]M RELIGION ONLY 9 ?IS LA/ MEAN+1 ?AT IS1 AS A BELIEF 
9 A GOD4 

,N[ LET US ASK \RSELVES :5CE ?IS FAI? COMES1 & :AT IT SIGNIFIES4 ,IT 
IS OBVI\S1 ?AT ! FAI? 9 A SUP]NATURAL P[]1 :I* RULES M5 & ! 
WORLD1 CAN EXI/ ONLY TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! ACTUAL =CES CONTROLL+ ! 
PROCESSES 9 NATURE & 9 ! HUMAN WORLD >E UNKN[N4 ,A ,KAFFIR1 :O S]VES AS 
PORT] 9 A ,S\? ,AFRICAN RAILWAY /ATION & :O SUDD5LY HE>S ! ,MORSE 
APP>ATUS />T+ TO GIVE SIGNALS1 BELIEVES ?AT A GOD IS CONCEAL$ 9 IT4 ,HE 
B[S DEEPLY BE=E ! APP>ATUS & SAYS REV]5TLY3 0,I WILL AT ONCE 
9=M ! BOSS0 7! TELEGRAPH OP]ATOR74 ,?IS CONCEPTION ( ! 
UNTUTOR$ MAN IS QUITE 9TELLIGIBLE1 & SO IS ! FACT ?AT ! PRIMITIVE 
PEOPLE BELIEV$ ! NATURE >\ND !M TO BE FILL$ ) ALL SORTS ( MY/]I\S 
SPIRITS4 ,9 !IR ECONOMY !Y DEP5D :OLLY UPON NATURE4 ,MANY NATURAL =CES 
& UNKN[N P[]S ?REAT5 !IR LIVES & !IR WORK1 :ILE O!RS >E 
FAVORABLE1 USEFUL1 B5EFIT+ TO !M4 ,!Y HAVE NO MEANS ( KN[+ & 
CONTROLL+ ?OSE P[]S4 ,!SE APPE> TO !M AS SUP]NATURAL1 MANLIKE1 =CES 
) 9DEP5D5T WILLS1 & !Y SEEK TO 9FLU5CE !M ) ! MEANS ( !IR 
LIMIT$ M5TAL HORIZON1 ) PRAY]S1 SACRIFICES1 OR1 P]HAPS1 ?REATS4 ,! 
LITTLE G5]AL KN[L$GE REQUIR$ = !IR ECONOMY IS 9TIMATELY CONNECT$ ) 
!IR RELIGI\S CONCEPTIONS4 ,! PRIE/S [E !IR GREAT 9FLU5CE PRECISELY TO 
! FACT1 ?AT !Y >E ! M5TAL DIRECTORS ( PRODUCTION4 ,JU/ AS 9 !IR 
CONCEPTION ( ! =CES ( NATURE ELEM5T>Y & CRUDE EMPIRICAL KN[L$GE IS 
MIX$ ) FANTA/IC SUP]/ITION1 SO !IR RELIGI\S C]EMONIES =M A MIXTURE 
( ACTIONS NECESS>Y 9 PRODUCTION & ( ACTIONS :OLLY SUP]/ITI\S & 
USELESS4 

,CIVILIZ$ PEOPLE >E NO LONG] 9FLU5C$ SO OV]:ELM+LY BY ! =CES ( 
NATURE4 ,AL?\< IT W\LD NOT DO TO SAY1 ?AT !Y >E SCI5TIFICALLY UND]/OOD 
9 ! BEG9N+ ( CIVILIZATION1 YET M5 >E MORE \T ( REA* ( !IR DIRECT 
9FLU5CE4 ,!IR ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION & ( LABOR HAVE BECOME SO DEVELOP$1 
?AT M5 FEEL MORE 9DEP5D5T ( NATURAL EV5TS & >E NOT SO HELPLESS AGA9/ 
!M AS SAVAGES4 ,:5 WE COME TO A LAT] /AGE ( CIVILIZATION1 TO ! AGE ( 
CAPITALISM1 !N WE MEET ) A RAPIDLY DEVELOP+ NATURAL SCI5CE1 :I* 
9VE/IGATES ! =CES & EFFECTS ( NATURE SY/EMATICALLY & UNCOV]S !IR 
SECRETS4 ,BY ! APPLICATION ( ?IS SCI5CE 9 TE*NIQUE1 ! =CES ( NATURE 
>E EV5 MADE SUBJECT TO ! PRODUCTION ( ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE4 ,= ! 
MOD]N CIVILIZ$ MAN1 !N1 NATURE HOLDS NO MORE MY/]I\S P[]S1 :I* MI<T 
9DUCE HIM TO BELIEVE 9 SUP]NATURAL =CES4 ,!SE SPIRITS ( ! PA/ >E 
TAM$ & PRESS$ 9TO HIS S]VICE AS ORD9>Y =CES ( NATURE1 :OSE LAWS & 
PROCESSES >E KN[N TO HIM4 

,NEV]!LESS WE F9D ?AT ! CLASS1 9 :I* ?IS CULTURE & ?IS SUPREMACY 
OV] NATURE >E 9C>NAT$1 HAS REMA9$1 OR HAS AGA9 BECOME1 RELIGI\S = ! 
GREAT] P>T1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( A /RONG TEMPOR>Y CURR5T1 ( B\RGEOIS 
MAT]IALISM 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,:Y IS ?AT SO8 ,:AT REASON HAVE !Y = 
ASSUM+ ! EXI/5CE ( A SUP]NATURAL RUL] ( ! FATES ( MANK9D8 ,9 O!R 
WORDS1 :AT =CES >E !RE ?AT /ILL /RONGLY AFFECT ! EXI/5CE ( ! 
B\RGEOISIE1 & ?AT >E /ILL UNKN[N 9 !IR ORIG9 & NATURE & !RE=E 
MAY /ILL BE REG>D$ BY !M AS MY/]I\S & NATURAL =CES8 ,!SE =CES >E 
D]IV$ FROM ! SOCIAL ORD]4 ,! ADAGE SAYS1 9DE$1 ?AT EV]Y ONE IS ! 
CAPTA9 ( HIS [N S\L1 BUT 9 PRACTICE MO/ ( ! CAPITALI/S F9D \T ?AT 
?IS IS NOT TRUE4 

,AS AN 9DEP5D5T PRODUC]1 ! CAPITALI/ MAY DO HIS BE/1 HE MAY ATT5D 
CONSCI5TI\SLY & ?RIFTILY TO HIS BUS9ESS1 HE MAY EXPLOIT HIS EMPLOYES 
?OR\<LY )\T ANY S5TIM5TALITY1 HE MAY KEEP HIS [N EXP5DITURES )9 A 
DEC5T LIMIT1 & NEV]!LESS PRICES MAY FALL1 UNTIL HE HAS TO SELL ALMO/ 
)\T ANY PR(IT1 OR EV5 AT A LOSS1 & 9 SPITE ( HIS EF=TS ! EVIL 
MON/] ( FAILURE CREEPS UPON HIM4 ,OR1 HIS BUS9ESS MAY BE DO+ WELL1 & HE 
MAY BE ACCUMULAT+ MONEY AT A F9E RATE1 :5 ALL ( A SUDD5 A CRISIS 
OV]TAKES HIM & SWALL[S HIS :OLE BUS9ESS4 ,H[ DOES ?IS HAPP58 ,HE DOES NOT 
KN[4 ,HE LACKS ! KN[L$GE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 :I* MI<T 5LI<T5 HIM 
AB\T ! FACT1 ?AT CAPITALISM NECESS>ILY MU/ PRODUCE SU* GREAT SOCIAL 
=CES1 :I* MAY LIFT ! 9DIVIDUAL TO HI< PROSP]ITY1 IF HE IS LUCKY1 BUT 
:I* MAY ALSO DE/ROY HIM4 ,! ORIG9 ( !SE =CES IS TO BE S\<T 9 ! 
FACT ?AT PRODUCTION IS 9DE$ SOCIAL1 BUT ONLY 9 ! =M & APPE>ANCE ( 
PRODUCTION DEP5D+ ON PRIVATE 5T]PRISE & CONTROL4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL FANCIES 
?AT HE IS WORK+ 9DEP5D5TLY1 BUT HE MU/ EX*ANGE HIS PRODUCTS ) O!RS1 
& ! CONDITIONS ( EX*ANGE1 ! PRICES1 & ! POSSIBILITY ( EX*ANG+ AT 
ALL1 >E DECID$ BY ! TOTALITY ( SOCIAL CONDITIONS4 ,PRODUCTION IS NOT 
CONSCI\SLY REGULAT$ BY SOCIETY4 ,ITS SOCIAL *>ACT] /&S ABOVE ! WILL ( 
MANK9D1 ! SAME AS ! =CES ( NATURE1 & = ?IS REASON SOCIAL LAWS FACE 
! 9DIVIDUAL ) ! 9EVITABILITY & CRUEL 9EXORABL5ESS ( NATURAL 
=CES4 ,! LAWS ( ?IS >TIFICIAL NATURE1 ( ?IS PROCESS ( PRODUCTION1 >E 
UNKN[N TO HIM & = ?IS REASON HE /&S BE=E !M JU/ AS ! SAVAGE 
/&S BE=E ! LAWS ( NATURE4 ,!Y BR+ DE/RUCTION & MIS]Y 9 MANY 
=MS1 OCCASIONALLY ALSO =TUNE4 ,!Y RULE HIS FATE CAPRICI\SLY1 BUT HE DOES 
NOT KN[ & UND]/& !M4 

,! SOCIALI/ PROLET>IAT /&S BE=E !SE =CES ) A DIFF]5T 
ATTITUDE4 ,IT IS PRECISELY ITS OPPRESS$ CONDITION :I* DEPRIVES IT ( ALL 
9T]E/ 9 ! PRES]VATION ( CAPITALISM & 9 ! CONCEALM5T ( ! TRU? 
AB\T ?IS SY/EM4 ,?US ! PROLET>IAN IS 5ABL$ TO /UDY CAPITALISM WELL1 HE 
IS COMPELL$ TO MAKE HIMSELF ?OR\<LY FAMILI> ) HIS 5EMY4 ,?IS IS ! 
REASON :Y ! SCI5TIFIC ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM GIV5 9 ,CAPITAL1 
:I* IS ! LIFE'S WORK ( ,K>L ,M>X1 MET RELUCTANCE & LITTLE 
UND]/&+ ON ! SIDE ( ! B\RGEOIS SCI5TI/S1 BUT WAS HAIL$ ) 
5?USIA/IC APPRECIATION BY ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! PROLET>IANS F9D 9 ?IS WORK 
A REVELATION ( ! CAUSES ( !IR POV]TY4 ,BY ITS TEA*+ !Y >E 5ABL$ TO 
UND]/& ! :OLE HI/ORY ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 ,!Y BECOME 
AW>E ( ! REASONS1 :Y IT MU/ 9EVITABLY BE ! FATE ( 9NUM]ABLE SMALL 
B\RGEOIS TO FAIL1 :Y HUNG]1 W>1 & ! SUFF]+ 9CID5TAL TO CRISES MU/ 
NECESS>ILY FOLL[ FROM ?IS PRODUCTION4 ,BUT !Y ALSO SEE1 9 :AT MANN] 
CAPITALISM MU/ RU9 ITSELF BY ITS [N LAWS4 ,! WORK+ CLASS UND]/&1 :Y 
BY !IR 9SI<T & KN[L$GE1 !Y WILL BE 5ABL$ TO DISPLACE CAPITALISM BY A 
CONSCI\SLY REGULAT$ SOCIAL PRODUCTION1 9 :I* NO MY/]I\S =CES CAN ANY 
LONG] BR+ DE/RUCTION TO MANK9D4 ,! SOCIALI/ PORTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 
!N1 /&S BE=E ! SOCIAL =CES JU/ AS 9TELLIG5TLY & UND]/&+LY 
AS ! $UCAT$ B\RGEOIS /&S BE=E ! =CES ( NATURE4 

,H]E1 !N1 LIES ! CAUSE ( ! IRRELIGION ( ! MOD]N CLASS-CONSCI\S 
SOCIALI/ PROLET>IAT4 ,IT IS NOT ! PRODUCT ( ANY 9T5TIONAL ANTI-RELIGI\S 
PROPAG&A4 ,NOR IS IT ! DEM& ( ANY PROGRAM4 ,IT COMES RA!R GRADUALLY AS A 
CONSEQU5CE ( ! DEEP] SOCIAL 9SI<T1 :I* ! WORK+ PEOPLE ACQUIRE BY 
9/RUCTION ON ! FIELD ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,! PROLET>IAN IS NOT DIVORC$ 
FROM HIS FAI? BY ANY MAT]IALI/ DOCTR9ES1 BUT BY TEA*+ :I* 5ABLES HIM 
TO SEE CLE>LY & RATIONALLY ?R\< ! CONDITIONS ( SOCIETY1 & TO ! 
EXT5T ?AT HE GRASPS ! FACT ?AT SOCIAL =CES >E NATURAL EFFECTS ( KN[N 
CAUSES1 ! OLD FAI? 9 MIRACLES DIES \T 9 HIM4 

,I,I,I 

,9 ORD] TO UND]/& ! NATURE ( RELIGION ?OR\<LY -- 
& ONLY A ?OR\< UND]/&+ WILL 5ABLE US TO GRASP ITS EFFECTS 9 PRES5T 
SOCIETY -- WE MU/ COME TO A CLE> CONCEPTION ( ! NATURE ( SPIRITUAL 
?+S 9 G5]AL4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS RESPECT ?AT ! PHILOSOPHICAL WRIT+S ( 
,JOSEF ,DIETZG5 >E SO VALUABLE1 BECAUSE !Y GIVE US CLE>NESS AB\T ! NATURE 
( ! M9D1 ( HUMAN ?\<TS1 !ORIES1 DOCTR9ES1 AB\T IDEAS 9 G5]AL4 
,ONLY 9 ?IS WAY DO WE FULLY REALIZE \R ROLE 9 SOCIAL LIFE & 9 ! PRES5T 
/RUGGLE4 ,:ATEV] IS 9 ! M9D1 IS A REFLECTION ( ! WORLD \TSIDE ( US4 
,IT HAS >IS5 \T ( ?IS WORLD4 ,\R CONCEPTION ( ?+S TRUE & REAL IS 
D]IV$ FROM \R EXP]I5CE 9 ! WORD1 \R CONCEPTION ( ?+S GOOD & HOLY 
FROM \R NE$S4 ,BUT !SE M5TAL REFLECTIONS >E NOT M]E MIRROR$ PICTURES1 
:I* REPRODUCE ! OBJECT EXACTLY AS IT IS1 :ILE ! M9D PLAYS A PURELY 
PASSIVE ROLE4 ,NO1 ! M9D TRANS=MS EV]Y?+1 :I* IT ASSIMILATES4 ,\T ( 
! IMPRESSIONS & FEEL+S1 BY :I* ! MAT]IAL WORLD EX]TS AN 9FLU5CE 
UPON IT1 IT MAKES M5TAL CONCEPTIONS & ASSUMPTIONS4 ,DIETZG5 HAS EXPLA9$1 
?AT ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 WORLD & M9D1 ORIG9AL & COPY1 IS ?IS1 ?AT ! 
9F9ITELY V>I$1 CONCRETE1 EV] *ANG+ FL[ ( PH5OM5A1 ( :I* REALITY 
CONSI/S1 IS TURN$ BY ! M9D 9TO AB/RACT1 FIX$1 UN*ANGEABLE1 RIGID 
CONCEPTIONS4 ,9 !SE CONCEPTIONS ! G5]AL1 LA/+1 IMPORTANT1 SALI5T FACTS 
>E DETA*$ FROM ! MULTICOLOR$ PICTURE ( PH5OM5A & DESIGNAT$ AS ! 
NATURE ( ?+S4 ,9 ! SAME WAY WE SPIRITUALIZE AMONG ! MANY ?+S & 
9/ITUTIONS NECESS>Y = \R WELF>E ?OSE BY T]MS GOOD1 MORAL1 HOLY1 :I* 
>E ESS5TIAL = SATISFACTION ( \R LA/+1 VITAL & G5]AL 
REQUIREM5TS4 

,IT IS 9H]5T 9 ?IS NATURE ( M5TAL CONCEPTS & ASSUMPTIONS1 ?AT 
AL?\< !Y >E D]IV$ FROM REALITY1 YET !Y CANNOT IMM$IATELY FOLL[ 
REALITY 9 ITS CEASELESS ALT]ATIONS4 ,:5 A ?+ HAS ONCE BE5 GA!R$ FROM 
EXP]I5CE AS A M5TAL COPY1 IT BECOMES FIX$ 9 ! M9D & REMA9S !RE 
5?RON$ AS A RECOGNIZ$ TRU?1 :ILE NEW EXP]I5CES >E CR[D+ UPON ! 
M9D1 TO :I* ?IS TRU? CAN NO LONG] BE RECONCIL$4 ,AT FIR/ ?IS TRU? 
RESI/S1 BUT GRADUALLY IT HAS TO SUBMIT TO MODIFICATION1 UNTIL F9ALLY1 :5 ! 
NEW FACTS HAVE BE5 ACCUMULAT$ 9 CRU%+ MASSES1 IT IS OV]?R[N1 OR 
?OR\<LY UND]/OOD & ALT]$4 ,?IS IS ! HI/ORY ( ALL SCI5TIFIC 
!ORIES4 ,! PLACE ( ! OLD IS TAK5 BY A NEW !ORY1 :I* !N GIVES TO ! 
5TIRE /ORE ( MAT]IAL FACTS AN AB/RACT & SY/EMATIC SUMM>IZATION4 

,WE >E NOT SO MU* 9T]E/$ H]E 9 ! SCI5TIFIC !ORIES1 AS 9 ! 
G5]AL CONCEPTIONS CONC]N+ ! NATURE ( ! WORLD & ! POSITION ( MAN 
9 IT1 :I* >E 9CORPORAT$ 9 ! PHILOSOPHIES & RELIGIONS4 ,!SE >E NOT 
!ORIES AB/RACT$ FROM ! EXP]I5CES & SPECIAL OBS]VATIONS ( LE>N$ 
EXPLOR]S4 ,! FACTS ON :I* !Y >E BUILT UP >E RA!R ! EXP]I5CES & 
FEEL+S ( :OLE NATIONS OR POPUL> CLASSES4 ,!Y =M !IR G5]AL IDEAS & 
CONCEPTIONS \T ( !IR EXP]I5CE CONC]N+ !IR [N POSITION 9 NATURE & 
9 SOCIAL 5VIRONM5TS1 P>TICUL>LY CONC]N+ ! REQUIREM5TS ( !IR LIFE4 
,:]EV] P[]FUL UNKN[N =CES PRESS UPON !M -- AS WE HAVE 9DICAT$ 
BE=E -- !IR CONCEPTION ( ! WORLD IS DOM9AT$ BY SUP]NATURAL 
=CES1 & O!R CONCEPTIONS >E JO9$ TO ?IS FUNDAM5TAL ?\<T4 ,?IS WAS 
! CASE1 UNTIL N[1 9 ALMO/ ! :OLE ( HI/ORY1 ) ONLY A FEW EXCEPTIONS4 
,9 ! RELIGI\S DOCTR9ES1 !N1 WE F9D ! G5]AL PRIMITIVE CONCEPTIONS 
CONC]N+ ! NATURE ( ! WORLD & ( ! RELATIONS ( MAN TO ?OSE UNKN[N 
=CES EXPRESS$ 9 MY/IFI$ =MS4 ,EV]Y?+ REQUIR$ = ! MA9T5ANCE OR 
! 9T]E/S ( ?IS CLASS ( PEOPLE !N ASSUMES ! =M ( A DIV9E LAW4 
,:5 ALL HOPE ( IMPROVEM5T BY SELF-ASS]TION IS GONE1 AS IT WAS AMONG ! 
RU9$ ,ROMAN PROLET>IANS ( ! FIR/ C5TURIES ( ,*RI/IANITY1 !N MEEK 
SUFF]+ )\T RESI/ANCE & 9]T WAIT+ = SUP]NATURAL SALVATION BECOME 
! HI<E/ VIRTUE4 ,BUT :5 AN 5]GETIC PREP>ATION = W> IS REQUIR$ TO 
KEEP HOLD ( A CONQU]$ C\NTRY & IS ACCOMPLI%$ BY SUCCESS1 AS IT WAS AMONG 
! ,JEWS ( ! ,OLD ,TE/AM5T1 !N ,JEHOVAH HELPS HIS *OS5 PEOPLE & ?OSE 
OBEY HIS LAWS :O FI<T BRAVELY4 ,DUR+ ! GREAT CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ,EUROPE1 
CALL$ ! ,RE=MATION1 EV]Y ONE ( ! CLASSES 5GAG$ 9 ! FI<T REG>D$ 
AS ,GOD'S WILL :ATEV] AGRE$ ) ITS CLASS 9T]E/S1 = EA* C\LD 
CONCEIVE ONLY ( ?OSE ?+S AS BE+ ABSOLUTELY GOOD & NECESS>Y :I* W]E 
VITAL = ! EXI/5CE ( HIS CLASS4 ,= ! FOLL[]S ( ,LU!R1 :O LOV$ TO 
S]VE A PR9CE1 ,GOD'S LAW1 OR ,GOD'S TRU?1 DEM&$ OB$I5CE TO 
AU?ORITY2 = ! FREE B\RGEOISIE ( ! T[NS IT DEM&$ ,CALV9I/ EQUALITY 
( 9DIVIDUALS & SELECTION BY GRACE2 = ! REBELLI\S PEASANTS & 
PROLET>IANS IT DEM&$ ! COMMUNI/ EQUALITY ( ALL MANK9D4 ,! /RUGGL+ 
RELIGIONS ( ?AT P]IOD MAY BE COMP>$ 9 A G5]AL WAY ) ! POLITICAL 
P>TIES ( ! PRES5T DAY4 ,! MEMB]S ( ! SAME CLASS ASSEMBL$ 9 !M1 & 
9 !IR CONGRESSES 7C\NCILS7 !Y =M$ 9 ! %APE ( CONFESSIONS ( FAI? 
7WE W\LD SAY PROGRAMS N[ADAYS7 !IR G5]AL CONCEPTIONS ( :AT !Y ?\<T 
TO BE TRUE1 GOOD1 & NECESS>Y1 & :AT WAS CONSEQU5TLY ,GOD'S TRU? & 
,GOD'S WILL4 ,9 ?OSE DAYS RELIGION WAS SOME?+ LIV+1 DEEPLY & 
9TIMATELY CONNECT$ ) ! :OLE LIFE1 & = ?IS REASON IT HAPP5$ 
CONT9UALLY ?AT PEOPLE *ANG$ !IR RELIGION4 ,:5 A *ANGE ( RELIGION IS 
CONSID]$ M]ELY AS A SORT ( VIOLATION ( CONV5TIONALITY1 AS IT IS 9 \R 
DAY1 IT IS AN 9DICATION1 ?AT RELIGION REMA9S UNT\*$ BY ! GREAT SOCIAL 
MOVEM5T ( MOD]N TIMES1 BY ! /RUGGLES :I* /IMULATE M51 & BECOMES A 
M]E DEAD HUSK4 

,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY NEW CLASSES & NEW CLASS ANTAGONISMS HAVE 
>IS54 ,)9 ! PREVI\SLY EXI/+ COMMUNITIES ( ! FAI?FUL DIFF]5T 
CLASSES1 & ANTAGONISMS RESULT+ FROM !M1 HAVE GR[N UP4 ,FROM ! SAME 
/RATUM ( SMALL B\RGEOIS1 !RE HAVE >IS5 GREAT CAPITALI/S & 
PROLET>IANS4 ,! CONFESSION ( FAI?1 :I* WAS =M]LY AN EXPRESSION ( A 
LIV+ SOCIAL CONVICTION 9 A !OLOGICAL G>B1 BECOMES A RIGID =MULA4 ,! 
COMMUNITY ( FAI?FUL1 =M]LY A COMMUNITY ( 9T]E/S1 BECOMES A FOSSILIZ$ 
?+4 ,! M5TAL CONCEPTIONS P]SI/ BY TRADITION AS AB/RACT !OLOGICAL 
=MS1 SO LONG AS !Y >E NOT %AK5 BY ! /RONG GALE ( A NEW CLASS 
/RUGGLE4 

,:5 ?IS NEW CLASS /RUGGLE COMES1 IT F9DS ! OLD TRADITIONAL ANTAGONISMS 
9 ITS WAY1 & !N ! FI<T BETWE5 ! TRADITIONAL FAI? & ! NEW REALITY 
BEG9S4 ,! PRES5T ACTUAL CLASS 9T]E/S >E ID5TICAL = ! WORK+ PEOPLE 
( DIFF]5T RELIGI\S CONFESSIONS1 :ILE A DEEP CLASS ANTAGONISM EXI/S BETWE5 
LABOR]S & CAPITALI/S ( ! SAME RELIGI\S D5OM9ATION4 ,BUT ! NEW REALITY 
REQUIRES TIME TO OV]COME ! OLD TRADITIONS4 ,FROM A TIME1 9 :I* A RELIGI\S 
COMMUNITY REPRES5T$ A LIV+ COMMUNITY ( 9T]E/S1 ! ASSOCIATION ( 
MEMB]S ( ! SAME FAI? HAS BE5 TRANSMITT$ AS A TRADITION1 & A SACR$ 
TRADITION ( ?AT4 ,BECAUSE ?IS ASSOCIATION IS ! M5TAL IMAGE ( A =M] 
REALITY1 IT P]SI/S AS A SPIRITUAL FACT & ATTEMPTS TO MA9TA9 ITSELF AGA9/ 
! ONRU% ( ! NEW FACTS1 :I* 9FLU5CE ! M9D ( ! LABOR] BY HIS [N 
EXP]I5CE & BY SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A4 ,9 ! 5D ! OLD GR\P ( CONCEPTIONS 
& 9T]E/S1 :I* HAS BECOME A DEAD HUSK1 MU/ YIELD TO ! NEW GR\P BAS$ 
ON PRES5T CLASS 9T]E/S4 

,RELIGION IS1 !RE=E1 ONLY TEMPOR>ILY AN OB/ACLE = ! ADVANCE ( 
SOCIALISM4 ,BY VIRTUE ( ! SACR$NESS ATTA*$ TO ITS DOCTR9ES & COMM&S IT 
CAN MA9TA9 ITSELF LONG] & MORE T5ACI\SLY ?AN O!R B\RGEOIS 
CONCEPTIONS1 & ?IS T5ACI\SNESS HAS SOMETIMES CREAT$ ! IMPRESSION ?AT 
! FAI?FULNESS ( ! RELIGI\S LABOR]S W\LD BE A B> TO PRACTICAL & A 
REFUTATION ( !ORETICAL SOCIALISM4 ,BUT 9 ! LONG RUN EV5 ?IS IDEOLOGY 
SUCCUMBS TO ! P[] ( REALITY1 AS ! ,CA?OLIC LABOR]S 9 ,G]MANY HAVE 
PROV$4 

,I,V 

,! SOCIALI/ TEA*+S HAVE 9OCULAT$ ! LABOR+ CLASS ) 
AN 5TIRELY NEW CONCEPTION ( ! WORLD4 ,! REALIZATION1 ?AT SOCIETY IS 9 A 
PROCESS ( CONT9UAL TRANS=MATION1 & ?AT MIS]Y1 POV]TY1 EXPLOITATION1 & 
ALL ! SUFF]+ ( ! PRES5T >E ONLY TEMPOR>Y & WILL SOON YIELD TO AN 
ORD] ( SOCIETY1 TO BE 9AUGURAT$ BY HIS CLASS1 9 :I* PEACE1 ABUNDANCE1 & 
FRAT]NITY %ALL REIGN1 ?IS REALIZATION MU/ REVOLUTIONIZE ! :OLE WORLD 
CONCEPTION ( ! LABOR] FROM ! GR\ND UP4 ,! !ORY ( SOCIALISM FURNI%ES 
! SCI5TIFIC F\NDATION = ?IS WORLD CONCEPTION4 ,POLITICAL ECONOMY TEA*ES 
US TO UND]/& ! 9T]NAL LAWS1 :I* MOVE ! CAPITALI/ PROCESS1 :ILE 
HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM LAYS B>E ! EFFECTS ( ! ECONOMIC REVOLUTION UPON ! 
CONCEPTIONS & ACTIONS ( PEOPLE4 ,& ?IS /&S IRRECONCILABLY OPPOS$1 AS A 
MAT]IALI/IC DOCTR9E1 TO RELIGION4 ,! SOCIALI/ LABOR] :O HAS RECOGNIZ$ 
HIS CLASS 9T]E/S & HAS !REBY BE5 9SPIR$ ) 5?USIASM = ! GREAT 
AIM ( HIS CLASS /RUGGLE1 WILL !N NATURALLY DESIRE TO GET A CLE> 
UND]/&+ ( ! SCI5TIFIC F\NDATIONS ( HIS PRACTICAL ACTIONS4 ,TO ?IS 
5D HE IS ACQUA9T$ ) ! MAT]IALI/IC DOCTR9ES ( SOCIALISM4 ,BUT IT IS 
NOT M]ELY ON ACC\NT ( ! SATISFACTION D]IV$ FROM A ?OR\< UND]/&+1 
?AT IS NECESS>Y = ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES TO PROMOTE A ?OR\< UND]/&+ 
( !SE TEA*+S AMONG !IR MEMB]S4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y RA!R BECAUSE SU* AN 
UND]/&+ IS 9DISP5SABLE = A VIGOR\S PU%+ ( \R FI<T4 

,! ACTUAL /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 !N1 IS JU/ ! OPPOSITE ( :AT ! 
!OLOGIANS BELIEVE & PROCLAIM4 ,\R MAT]IALI/IC DOCTR9ES DO NOT S]VE TO 
DEPRIVE ! LABOR]S ( !IR RELIGION4 ,!Y APPROA* \R DOCTR9ES ONLY AFT] 
!IR RELIGION IS ALREADY GONE1 & !Y COME TO US = A MORE PR(\ND & 
UNI=M SUB/ANTIATION ( !IR VIEWS4 ,RELIGION DOES NOT FLEE1 BECAUSE WE 
PROPAGATE ! DOCTR9ES ( MAT]IALISM1 BUT BECAUSE IT IS UND]M9$ BY ! 
SIMPLE NEW GLEAN+S ON ! FIELD ( ECONOMICS1 GA!R$ BY A C>EFUL 
OBS]VATION ( ! PRES5T WORLD4 

,9 DECL>+ ?AT RELIGION IS A PRIVATE MATT]1 WE DO NOT MEAN TO SAY ?AT IT 
IS IMMAT]IAL TO US1 :AT G5]AL CONCEPTIONS \R MEMB]S HOLD4 ,WE PREF] A 
?OR\< SCI5TIFIC UND]/&+ TO AN UNSCI5TIFIC RELIGI\S FAI?4 ,BUT WE >E 
CONV9C$1 ?AT ! NEW CONDITIONS WILL ( !MSELVES ALT] ! RELIGI\S 
CONCEPTIONS1 & ?AT RELIGI\S OR ANTI-RELIGI\S PROPAG&A IS UNABLE TO 
ACCOMPLI% OR PREV5T ?IS4 

,H]E LIES ! CRUX ( ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 \R CONCEPTION & ALL =M] 
ONES1 BETWE5 ! PRES5T PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T & =M] CLASS MOVEM5TS4 ,\R 
MAT]IALI/IC !ORY HAS UNCOV]$ = US ! ACTUAL F\NDATIONS ( =M] 
HI/ORICAL /RUGGLES4 ,IT HAS DEMON/RAT$1 ?AT IT WAS ALWAYS A QUE/ION ( 
CLASS-/RUGGLES & CLASS 9T]E/S :OSE GOAL WAS ! TRANS=MATION ( 
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS4 ,M5 W]E NOT CLE>LY AW>E ( ! MAT]IAL REASONS = 
!IR /RUGGLES4 ,!IR CONCEPTIONS & AIMS W]E DISGUIS$ BY A MY/IC COV] ( 
ET]NAL TRU?S & HOLY 9F9ITE AIMS4 ,!IR /RUGGLES W]E !RE=E C>RI$ ON 
AS /RUGGLES BETWE5 IDEAS1 AS /RUGGLES = DIV9E TRU? 9 FULFILLM5T ( 
,GOD'S WILL4 ,! /RUGGLES ASSUM$ ! %APE ( RELIGI\S W>S4 ,LAT]1 :5 
RELIGION NO LONG] OCCUPI$ FIR/ PLACE1 :5 ! B\RGEOISIE1 FANCY+ ?AT 
!Y C\LD GRASP ! :OLE WORLD BY REASON1 F\<T AGA9/ ! REPRES5TATIVES 
( ! *UR* & NOBILITY1 !N ?IS B\RGEOISIE IMAG9$ ?AT !Y W]E WAG+ 
A FI<T = ! ULTIMATE RATIONAL1 = ET]NAL JU/ICE BAS$ UPON REASON4 ,AT 
?AT P]IOD ! B\RGEOISIE *AMPION$ MAT]IALISM4 ,BUT AS YET !Y UND]/OOD 
BUT LITTLE ( ! REAL NATURE ( ! /RUGGLE1 & C>RI$ IT ON 9 ?AT 
JURI/IC MY/IFICATION1 H]E & !RE AS A /RUGGLE AGA9/ RELIGION4 ,!Y DID 
NOT SEE1 ?AT ?IS FI<T WAS NO?+ BUT A CLASS /RUGGLE ( ! B\RGEOISIE 
AGA9/ ! FEUDAL CLASSES1 & HAD = ITS AIM ONLY ! 9/ALLATION ( ! 
CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 

,9 ?IS RESPECT \R CLASS /RUGGLE IS DIFF]5T FROM ALL PREVI\S ONES1 = 
BY VIRTUE ( \R MAT]IALI/ SCI5CE WE RECOGNIZE IT TO BE EXACTLY :AT IT IS1 
NAMELY1 A /RUGGLE = ! ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY4 ,AL?\< WE FEEL 
! HI< IMPORTANCE ( ?IS /RUGGLE1 & (T5 EXPRESS IT 9 \R WRIT+S1 ?AT 
IT %ALL BR+ FRE$OM & BRO!RHOOD TO MANK9D1 REALIZE ! ,*RI/IAN IDEALS 
( HUMAN LOVE1 & EMANCIPATE HUMAN ?\<T FROM ! OPPRESSION ( SUP]/ITION1 
NEV]!LESS WE DO NOT REPRES5T ?IS /RUGGLE AS AN E?ICAL ONE = A MORAL 
IDEAL1 AS A JURI/IC ONE = ABSOLUTE LIB]TY & JU/ICE1 OR AS A SPIRITUAL ONE 
AGA9/ SUP]/ITION4 ,= WE KN[1 ?AT IT IS WAG$ 9 REALITY = ! 
REVOLUTION ( ! MODE ( PRODUCTION1 = ! REQUIREM5TS ( PRODUCTION1 & 
ALL O!R ?+S >E BUT RESULTS FL[+ FROM ?IS BASIS4 

,?IS CLE> GRASP ( ! REAL NATURE ( \R /RUGGLE IS EXPRESS$ 9 ! 
DECL>ATION ?AT RELIGION IS A PRIVATE MATT]4 ,!RE IS NO CONTRADICTION BETWE5 
\R MAT]IALI/ DOCTR9E & ?IS PRACTICAL DEM&4 ,!Y DO NOT REPRES5T TWO 
ANTAGONI/IC PO9TS ( VIEW1 :I* MU/ BE RECONCIL$1 9 ! WAY ?AT 
0CONSID]ATIONS ( PRACTICABILITY0 MU/ BE RECONCIL$ ) 
0S\NDNESS ( !ORETICAL PR9CIPLE40 ,NO1 JU/ AS \R SO-CALL$ 
CONSID]ATIONS ( PRACTICABILITY >E EV]Y:]E RESULTS ( A CLE>LY UND]/OOD 
!ORY1 SO IT IS H]E1 AS ! ABOVE /ATEM5TS %[4 ,! DECL>ATION ?AT 
RELIGION IS A PRIVATE MATT] IS !RE=E AN EXPRESSION ( ! CLE>LY 
SCI5TIFIC NATURE & AIM ( \R /RUGGLE1 A NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ( \R 
MAT]IALI/ !ORY ( HI/ORY1 & ONLY \R MAT]IALISM IS ABLE TO GIVE A 
SCI5TIFIC V9DICATION ( ?IS DEM&4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#h1 #bba 3 ,SOCIALISM & ,RELIGION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,SOCIALISM & ,RELIGION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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