,SOMALIA1 ,K5YA & ! ,9/ABILITY ( ,SOME ,MOD]N ,AFRICAN ,NATIONS ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,*EKOV ,FE5EY ,TEXT 3 ,A QUE/ION ON ,SOMALIA ,IT IS A GRAVE ]ROR = AN>*I/S TO FALL 9TO ! TRAP ( ATTRIBUT+ ! *AOS & 9/ABILITY ( SOME MOD]N ,AFRICAN NATIONS AS BE+ DUE TO ! WEAKNESS ( ! /ATE4 ,9 FACT ,I W\LD T5D TO SEE ! EXACT OPPOSITE AS BE+ MORE TRUE1 ! IMPOSITION ( >TIFICIAL /ATES :I* CORESPOND$ TO NO CONCEIVABLE 'NATION' & :I* W]E BAS$ ON NO /RONG LOCAL B\RGEOIS & NO L>GE MIDDLE CLASS 7! LAY] ( WORK]S IDEOLOGICALLY ALIGN$ ) ! B\RGEOIS7 MEANT ?AT !SE /ATES C\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 /ABLE B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACIES4 ,! RUL]S ( ,WE/]N /ATES CAN'T OP]ATE )\T ! SUPPORT ( A SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION ( !SE CLASSES & ?IS PUTS A CONSID]ABLE *ECK ON !IR ABILITY TO ACT & IS ONE ( ! REASONS :EY WE CAN'T 'ELECT SOCIALISM'4 ,9 ,AFRICA !SE CLASSES >E SMALL & WEAK4 ,MO/ ( ! C\NTRIES' SURPLUSES >E APPROPRIAT$ BY ! RUL+ CLASSES ( ! IMP]IALI/ C\NTRIES1 ?US ! REMA9+ SURPLUS IS TOO SMALL TO ALL[ ! DEVELOPM5T ( A /RONG LOCAL B\RGEOIS OR CIVIL SOCIETY4 ,MO/ PRE-COLONIAL ,AFRICAN SOCIETIES W]E F> FROM BE+ ABSOLUTI/4 ,P[]1 AL?\< ALMO/ ALWAYS BE+ P]SONIFI$ 9 A *IEF OR K+1 WAS CON/RA9$ BY A MULTITUDE ( *ECKS & BALANCES4 ,C\NCILS ( 'K+MAK]S' :O C\LD 'DE/OOL' *IEFS1 AGE-GRADE GR\PS1 C\NCILS ( ELD]S & O!R 9/ITUTIONS EXI/$ :I* LIMIT$ ! P[] ( ! RUL]4 ,!SE 9/ITUTIONS CORRESPOND$ TO ! BALANCE ( =CES BETWE5 ! CLASSES 9 ! V>I\S SOCIETIES4 ,! MOD]N NATION /ATES IMPOS$ BY ! DEP>T+ COLONIAL P[]S LACK$ ANY SU* MEANS ( BALANC+ ! RUL]'S P[]4 ,C]TA9LY1 !RE W]E MODEL CON/ITUTIONS ) CLE>LY DIVID$ EXECUTIVE1 LEGISLATIVE & JUDICIAL P[]S4 ,BUT ?ISE BALANCES EXI/$ ONLY ON PAP]1 !Y HAD NO RELATION TO ! CLASS COMPOSITIONS ( ! SOCIETIES & AS WE %\LD KN[1 ?IS IS ! IMPORTANT ?+4 ,9 EFFECT1 )\T A /RONG B\RGEOIS1 !RE IS EFFECTIVELY NO LOCAL CONTROL OV] ! ACTIONS ( ! RUL]S ( MO/ MOD]N ,AFRICAN NATIONS4 ,!Y M]ELY REQUIRE ! CONNIVANCE ( ! IMP]IALI/ P[] 7,U,K1 ,U,S OR ,FRANCE7 9 :OSE SPH]E ( 9FLU5CE !Y F9D !MSELVES1 & ! SUPPORT ( ! SECURITY S]VICES4 ,! IMP]IALI/ P[]S C>E AB\T NO?+ O!R ?AN ! SUPPLY ( *EAP RAW MAT]IALS TO !IR TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS & WILL SUPPORT ANY RUL] NO MATT] H[ DESPOTIC & BRUTAL1 AS LONG AS HE 5SURES A REGUL> SUPPLY4 ,! #ce PO/-9DEP5DANCE MILIT>Y 9T]V5TIONS ( ,FRANCE 9 ,AFRICA HAVE %[N ?IS V]Y CLE>LY4 ,!Y HAVE SAV$ SU* DEMONS AS ,MOBUTU 7SEV]AL TIMES71 ,BOKASSA & ,EYADEMA & TRI$ !IR BE/ TO SAVE ! G5OCIDAL REGIME 9 ,RW&A UNTIL ! 5D4 ,! ,U,S = ITS P>T HAS PROVID$ MILIT>Y SUPPORT = SU* 9FAM\S MURD]]S AS ,JONAS ,SAVIMBI 9 ,ANGOLA4 ,S9CE MO/ ( ! RUL+ CLASS ( ,AFRICA 7DEF9$ AS ?OSE :O APPROPRIATE ! WORK]S' SURPLUS7 >E 9 EFFECT ! %>EHOLD]S ( TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS RESID+ 9 ,LONDON1 ,P>IS & ,NEW ,YORK1 !RE IS V]Y LIMIT$ SCOPE = LOCALS TO GA9 P[] & WEAL?4 ,9 FACT 9 MO/ MOD]N ,AFRICAN NATIONS1 CONTROL ( /ATE P[] IS ! ONLY AVAILABLE R\TE TO P[] & WEAL? & S9CE ONLY A SMALL FRACTION ( ! APPROPRIAT$ SURPLUS REMA9S 9 ,AFRICA1 ?IS P[] & WEAL? IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO A SMALL NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS AT ! HE>T ( ! REGIME4 ,?US ! HI/ORY ( PO/-COLONIAL ,AFRICA HAS SEEM TREM5D\S BATTLES BETWE5 SMALL CLIQUES TO GA9 CONTROL ( ?IS VITAL RES\RCE4 ,M]C5>Y 9VASIONS1 C\PS1 E?NIC REBELLIONS & CIVIL W>S HAVE RAG$ ACROSS ! CONT95T AS AMBITI\S 'BIG M5' HAVE F\G9 ( ! TRANSNATIONAL GIANTS />TS TO FALL1 AN AMBITI\S >MY (FIC] OR *IEF ( SOME OPPRESS$ TRIBE WILL BE F\ND TO REPLACE !M4 ,?US !Y >E DRIV5 TO EV] GREAT] EXCESSES ( BRUTATLITY TO 5SURE ! CON/ANT SUPPLY ( PR(ITS4 ,?+S GET WORSE /ILL :5 ! IMP]IAL P[]S COMPETE AMONG !MSELVES = CONTROL OV] /ATE P[]4 ,! BLOODY C>NAGE :I* HAS RAG$ ACROSS C5TRAL ,AFRICA 9 ! #a#i#i'S1 REA*+ ITS WOR/ 9 ,RW&A & ,CONGO-,ZAIRE1 IS PORTRAY$ BY ! M$IA AS ANO!R EXAMPLE ( ! COLLAPSE ( WEAK /ATES 9TO SAVAG]Y4 ,?IS IS AN IMP]IALI/ LIE4 ,! SITUATION 9 C5TRAL ,AFRICA [ES MU* TO ! BATTLE BETWE5 ,U,S & ,FR5* MULT9ATIONALS = CONTROL OV] ! REGION'S VA/ M9]AL WEAL?4 ,ELF-,TOTAL TO NAME BUT ONE ( ! VILLIANS1 MA9TA9S PRIVATE >MIES & SECRET S]VICES 9 ITS C5TRAL AFRICAN DOMA94 ,AGA9 ! REC5T TUMULT 9 ,COTE ,D',IVOIRE BECOMES MU* EASI] TO UND]/& :5 ONE REALIZES ?AT ,\ATT>A1 ! ,WA%+TON BAS$ EX-,I,M,F (FICIAL IS SUPPORT$ BY ! ,U,S1 :ILE ,GBAGBO IS ,P>IS'S MAN 7AS WAS ,B$IE & ,H\PH\ET-,BOIGNY BE=E HIM74 ,9 FACT ?IS IS P>T ( A PROCESS ?AT IS HAPP5+ ALL OV] ,FR5* ,AFRICA4 ,! ,U,S IS ATTEMPT+ TO MUSCLE 9 ON ,FRANCE'S T]RA9 BY PROMOT+ ! GRADUATES ( ! ,WA%+TON BAS$ ,9T]NATIONAL ,F9ANCIAL ,9/ITUTIONS 9/EAD ( ! TRADITIONAL ELITE TRA9$ 9 ,P>IS'S ,5,A & O!R TOP 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! LONG SUFF]+ PEOPLE ( ,AFRICA >E ! 9EVITABLE LOS]S ( ?IS GAME ( IMP]IALI/S4 ,TAK+ ?IS ANALYSIS ( CLASS & IMP]IALISM 9TO ACC\NT1 IT BECOMES CLE> ?AT ! SITUATION 9 ,K5YA1 ! '*AOS ON ! /REETS'1 IS NOT A CASE ( 0! *AOS ( A WEAK /ATE01 RA!R IT IS REALLY ! 0*AOS ( A DESPOTIC /ATE1 UND]WRITT5 BY IMP]IALISM04 ,PRESID5T ,MOI IS A GANG/]1 LEAD+ A GOV]NM5T ( ?UGS4 ,! *AOS ON ! /REETS ( ,NAIROBI1 :]E !RE >E FREQU5T RIOTS1 IS NOT CAUS$ BY SOME SORT ( ABS5CE ( /ATE P[]4 ,IT IS CAUS$ BY AN EXTREMELY PRES5T & VICI\S REPRESSIVE /ATE P[] :I* VIOL5TLY SUPRESSES ALL OPPOSITION4 ,! PEOPLE ( ,K5YA >E V]Y ANGRY & >E 9CREAS+LY DET]M9$ TO /& UP TO ,MOI'D CORRUPT & REPRESSIVE REGIME4 ,EV]Y TIME !Y TRY TO PROTE/ OR DEMON/RATE !IR OPPOSITION1 !Y >E VIOL5TLY ATTACK$ BY ! SECURITY S]VICES & ! GANGS ( HIR$ ?UGS 9 ,MOI'S ,K,A,N,U P>TY4 ,= AN AN>*I/ TO LOOK AT ?IS SITUATION & SUGGE/ ?AT !RE MAY NOT BE 5\< /ATE P[] IS CRIM9AL & H>DLY LIKELY TO SUPPORT = \R IDEAS AMONG ! RADICAL ,K5YAN /UD5TS1 :OSE POLITICS >E APP>5TLY QUITE CLOSE TO AN>*ISM1 & :O >E H]OICALLY REFUS+ TO BE 9TIMIDAT$ BY ?IS REPRESSION & CONT9UE TO DEMON/RATE DESPITE IT4 ,9 G5]AL MU* ( :AT IS PRES5T$ BY ! ,WE/]N M$IA AS EXAMPLES ( ! S5SELESS *AOS ( ,AFRICA1 IS ANY?+ BUT1 RA!R IT IS C>EFULLY 5G9E]$ EV5TS ) ! SUPPORT ( ! ,WE/]N P[]S4 ,! PHRASE 'BEACON ( /ABILITY' MEANS 'UN9T]RUPT$ PR(ITS = TRANSNATIONALS'4 ,IF IT WAS REALLY A BEACON ( /ABILITY1 !N :AT AB\T ! RIFT-VALLEY E?NIC MASSACRES ( ! #a#i#i'S8 ,!SE W]E 9 FACT 5G9E]$ BY GOV]NM5T M9I/]S TO CEM5T !IR HOLD ON P[]4 ,:5 AN ,AM]ICAN PRIE/1 ,JOHN ,KAIS]1 REC5TLY MADE ?IS ACCUSATION 9 PUBLIC1 HE WAS PROMPTLY ASSAS9AT$ ) A BULLET 9 ! HEAD4 ,?IS IS ! /ABILITY ( DESPOTISM4 ,9 FACT ,K5YA IS ACTUALLY A C\NTRY :]E ! GOV]NM5T HAS SOME ( ! LEA/ IMPUNITY 9 ,AFRICA4 ,?IS IS DUE TO ! SIGNIFICANT NUMB] ( :ITE COMM]CIAL F>M]S & ! SMALL 9DU/RIAL BASE >\ND ,NAIROBI4 ,IT IS A T9Y & WEAK B\RGEOIS BY ,WE/]N /&>DS BUT IT DOES MEAN ?AT ,MOI CAN'T GO AS F> AS SOME O!R ,AFRICAN DESPOTS LIKE ,BOKASSA & ,MOBUTU4 ,ALSO ,I MI$ TO MO/ ,AFRICAN & ,ASIAN CITIES1 IT APPE>S LIKE ,NEW ,YORK OR ,LONDON4 ,I SUSPECT :5 ,MA!W REF]S TO ! '*AOS ( ,NAIROBI' HE 9 FACT IS JU/ EXPRESS+ CULTURE %OCK AT ! POV]TY ( ! ?IRD WORLD4 ,TRY ,LAGOS OR ,BOMBAY = *AOS6 ,SOMALIA ,SOMALIA IS ANO!R CASE :]E IT W\LD APPE> ?AT ! PEOPLE >E SUFF]+ FROM ! LACK ( A /RONG /ATE4 ,YET ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! OPPOSITE IS AGA9 ! CASE4 ,! *AOS & >M$ CONFLICT ( ,SOMALIA 9 ! #a#i#i'S IS A DIRECT CONSEQU5CE ( ! TOTALIT>IAN /ATE P[] WIELD$ BY ! LATE DICTATOR ,SIAD ,B>RE4 ,HIS DEMISE SAW A VIOL5T CONFLICT BETWE5 A MULTITUDE ( W>LORDS ALL VY+ = ! GOLD5 *ALICE ( /ATE P[]4 ,SOMALIA IS V]Y UNUSUAL 9 ,AFRICA = BE+ A L+UI/ICALLY & E?NICALLY HOMOG5\S /ATE1 A REAL 'NATION'1 IF ! NATION /ATE P>ADIGM IS TO WORK ANY:]E 9 ,AFRICA IT %\LD BE H]E4 ,SOMALIAN SOCIETY WAS TRADITIONALLY ORGANIZ$ 9TO CLANS :O CAME TOGE!R 9 BIG GA!R+S CALL$ '%IRS' TO RESOLVE PROBLEMS & ALL[ ! V>I\S ELEM5TS ( SOCIETY TO HAVE !IR SAY4 ,!SE '%IRS' W]E REQUIR$ BE=E CLAN *IEFS C\LD TAKE ANY IMPORTANT DECISIONS & PROVID$ A MEANS BY :I* !IR P[] WAS CONTROLL$ BY ! PEOPLE4 ,COLONIAL ADM9I/RATION SUBJUGAT$ !SE %IRS TO ! P[] ( ! UNIT>Y /ATE :I* ALL[$ ! EM]G5CE ( DESPOTIC1 TOTALIT>IAN RUL]S LIKE ,B>RE :O C\LD NEV] HAVE EXI/$ BE=E4 ,! REC5T *AOTIC VIOL5CE CAN BETT] BE UND]/OOD AS A BATTLE BETWE5 AMBITI\S 9DIVIDUALS = ABSOLUTE /ATE P[] US+ !IR CLANS AS RECRUIT+ BASES1 RA!R ?AN ! CONT9UATION ( P]R5IAL CLAN W>F>E1 AS IT IS PRES5T$ 9 ! ,WE/]N M$IA4 ,IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE ?AT ALL ( ! =EIGN PEACE DEALS HAVE FOCUS$ ON COM+ TO AN >RANGEM5T = P[] %>+ BETWE5 ! V>I\S W>LORDS4 ,!Y HAVE ALL FAIL$ MIS]ABLY S9CE !SE W>LORDS >E 9 NO WAY REPRES5TATIVE ( !IR CLANS OR ,SOMALI SOCIETY4 ,9 #a#i#i#a1 ! ,SOMALI ,NATIONAL MOVEM5T ( ,NOR!RN ,SOMALIA :O HAD F\S AGA9/ ! ,B>RE REGIME1 DECID$ ?AT !Y C\LDN'T WAIT = A RESOLUTION ( ! *AOS 9 ,MOQADISU & DECID$ TO GO IT ALONE4 ,!Y CALL$ A %IR & EFFECTIVELY DIT*$ ! CONCEPT ( ! NATION /ATE & REV]T$ TO A TRADITIONAL =M ( ADM9I/RATION4 ,?IS WAS ! CREATION ( :AT IS KN[N 9 ! M$IA AS '! SELF-DECL>$ REPUBLIC ( ,SOMALIL&'4 ,9 #aiih ! NEI$' 5TITIES HAVE BE5 CONSI/5TLY OPPOS$ BY ALL ! =EIGN P[]S1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ,SOMALIL& HAS BE5 AT PEACE S9CE #aiie & HAS HAD A FUNCTIONN+ ADM9I/RATION S9CE #a#i#i#g4 ,SO :Y >E !SE 5TITIES OPPOS$1 BECAUSE !Y CONTRADICT ! IMP]IAL P[]S' NE$ = /ATES 9 ,AFRICA1 C5TRALIZ$ 9/ITUTIONS :I* LOCALLY POLICE ! IMP]IALI/ CAPITALISM4 ,! #b PEACE CONF]5CE 9 ,DJIB\TI WAS ANO!R ATTEMPT TO IMPOSE A UNIT>Y /ATE ON ,SOMALIA1 FOLL[+ ON SU* DISA/]S AS ! ,U,S 9VASION :I* KILL$ ?\S&S ( 9NOC5T CIVILIANS4 ,! 'GOV]NM5T' :I* ?IS LATE/ CONF]5CE ELECT$ 9CLUDES NOT ONLY W>LORDS DRIPP+ ) BLOOD BUT MANY ( ! OLD FIGURES ( ,B>RE'S DICTATOR%IP4 ,IT WAS RESOLUTELY OPPOS$ BY ,SOMALIL& & ,PUNTL&4 ,IT'S FIR/ TASK UPON 5T]+ ,MOQADISU8 ,! RECRUITM5T ( AN >MY1 HI!RTO ITS ONLY ACT4 ,SOMALIA LOOKS LIKE IT WILL AGA9 SEE ANO!R R\ND ( BLOOD%$ AS A GOV]NM5T ATTEMPTS TO IMPOSE ITS WILL4 ,SOMALIL& & ,PUNTL& C\LD BE SOON DRAGG$ BACK 9TO ! BLOODY C>NAGE4 ,! =EIGN P[]S WILL NOT BE HAPPY UNTIL ONE MAN SITS ON TOP ( ! HEAP1 EV5 IF ! HEAP CONSI/S ( NO?+ BUT DEAD BODIES4 ,CONCLUSION ,TO SUM UP1 9 G5]AL :AT ! M$IA PRES5TS AS ! CONSEQU5CE ( 'WEAK GOV]NM5T' & IRRATIONAL VIOL5CE IS ANY?+ BUT4 ,! BUILD+ ( REGUL> B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACIES 9 ,AFRICA AS 'AN IMPROVEM5T ON ! PRES5T C>NAGE' IS IMPOSSIBLE = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT MO/ ( ,AFRICA'S B\RGEOIS LIVE 9 ! IMP]IALI/ NATIONS4 ,9 ,AFRICA A NORMAL B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO A*IEVE )\T OV]TURN+ ! GLOBAL CAPITALI/ IMP]IALI/ SY/EM4 ,:5 ?AT HAPP5S WE'LL HAVE AN>*ISM & CAPITALISM ( ANY =M WILL BE A ?+ ( ! PA/4 ,?AT'S :Y1 AS ! COMRADES ( ! ,AW>5ESS ,LEAGUE PO9T \T SO WELL1 = ,AFRICA AN>*ISM IS ! ONLY HOPE4 ,Y\RS = ,AN>*Y ,*EKOV ,FE5EY 7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #a#a? ,APRIL #bba FROM WWW4AN>KISMO4NET47 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,SOMALIA1 ,K5YA & ! ,9/ABILITY ( ,SOME ,MOD]N ,AFRICAN ,NATIONS -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/